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Rçpvkç 

Dbjf} mf idkbrfvpfp açcfimfp f} e}}rgbv} kgaaçiegrfmv |dv~dgr! a‗fev fp} vi bgfi }rïp giçceafkfi}rç|er}g fi @ogif) \dvr}ei}! afp rfppdvr`fp `ogidgpfpfi fev ngcvrfi} |erkg afp |avp gk|dr}ei}fp mvkdimf :! >& ì 3& mfp rfppdvr`fp mf ae ]frrf) Kegpebrg}ei} |rïp m‗vi `giuvgïkf mf ae |d|vae}gdikdimgeaf! a‗fev mgp|digbaf |er oebg}ei} fi @ogif}dkbf mf neg} ev uver} mf ae kdwfiif kdimgeaf)Evjdvrm‗ovg! ae ndr}f f} rçcvagïrf `rdgppei`fç`didkguvf mf ae @ogif `dkbgiçf ì pe `rdgppei`f

mçkdcre|oguvf i‗gk|dpf |ep pfvafkfi} ev |ewp aerf`ofr`of e`}g~f mf ke}gïrfp |rfkgïrfp : faaf neg} mfae keé}rgpf mf a‗fev vif |rdbaçke}guvf kejfvrf pvr`f ~ep}f }frrg}dgrf d÷ a‗e``ïp ì a‗fev fp} giçcea fi}rfaf Pvm uvg `di`fi}rf ?<& mfp rfppdvr`fp fi fev f}af Idrm uvg if mgp|dpf uvf mf 56& mfp rfppdvr`fpfi fev)

@dip`gfi}f mv |d}fi}gfa `rgpdcïif m‗vif }faafpg}ve}gdi! ae @ogif neg} mf ae cfp}gdi mf a‗fev mdv`ff} |rd|rf vif |rgdrg}ç engi mf |dvr~dgr evx bfpdgipmfp kçiecfp! mfp gimvp}rgfp f} mfp `oek|p) Pe

`rdgppei`f! pe |çrfiig}ç `dkkf ie}gdi f} pdiçkfrcfi`f `dkkf |vgppei`f kdimgeaf fimç|fimfi}) 

Ebp}re`} 

Ep }of pvbjf`} dn keiw @ogifpf afcfimp eim ep ekgaafierw pwkbda dn |dsfr! se}fr gp e`}veaaw ep`er`f rfpdvr`f gi @ogie) Wf}! @ogifpf se}frrfpdvr`fp erf ekdic }of kdp} gk|dr}ei} difp gi}of sdram: >& }d 3& dn }of Fer}o rfpdvr`fp) Bv}|d|vae}fm sg}o dif ngn}o dn }of cadbea |d|vae}gdi! }ofe~egaebaf nrfpo se}fr |fr gioebg}ei} neaap mf ne`}d }d}of uver}fr dn }of cadbea e~frecf) ]dmew! }of p}rdicp}femw f`didkg` crds}o dn @ogie `dkbgifm sg}o g}pmfkdcre|og` crds}o md id} diaw rfuvgrf @ogie }d

addh e`}g~faw ndr ifs res ke}frgeap: se}fr `di}rda gpeapd e kejdr |rdbafk di }ogp aercf }frrg}drw sofrfe``fpp }d se}fr rfkegip vifuvea bf}sffi }ofPdv}o sog`o `di`fi}re}fp ?<& dn }of se}frrfpdvr`fp eim }of Idr}o sog`o oep diaw 56& dn }ofse}fr rfpdvr`fp)

@ogie hidsp }ogp pg}ve}gdi kew fim v| sg}o e `rgpgpeim kehfp nrfpo `afei se}fr pv||aw e |rgdrg}w gidrmfr }d pe}gpnw se}fr iffmp ndr |rg~e}f

`dipvk|}gdi! gimvp}rgea eim ecrg`va}vreamf~fad|kfi}) G}p crds}o! g}p mvrebgag}w ep e ie}gdieim g}p fkfrcfi`f ep e cadbea |dsfr mf|fim di g})

CFP]GDI MF A‗FEV FI @OGIF :@DKKFI] CFRFR AE MGP\ERG]FIDRM+PVM 4 

Grgp MFAEOEWF! Mgrf`}rg`f emjdgi}f mv |rdcrekkf ¨ Cçd|dag}guvf mf a‗Fev ¸ 

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

2 

CFP]GDI MF A‗FEV FI@OGIF : @DKKFI] CFRFR AE

MGP\ERG]F IDRM+PVM 4

Uveim af Idrm mf ae @ogif p‗giuvgï}fmf a‗e~ei`çf mv mçpfr} ‐ uvg i‗fp} |avpuv‗ì uvfauvfp hgadkï}rfp mf \çhgimçpdrkegp ‐ af Pvm mdg} cçrfr afp `rvfp mvWeiczg) Mf neg}! ae rç|er}g}gdi mf a‗fev fi@ogif |fv} pf rçpvkfr ì vif creimf agcif}reip~frpeaf! ae `dv|ei} fi mfvx fi}rf viPvm pdv~fi} gidimç ì ae pegpdi mfp |avgfpf} vi Idrm kfie`ç |er ae pç`ofrfppf)

Evx rgpuvfp fi~grdiifkfi}evxp‗ejdv}f ae |daav}gdi mfp fevx! mf |avp fi

|avp |rçd``v|ei}f) @f}}f pg}ve}gdi cçiïrfegipg m‗gk|dr}ei}p rgpuvfp ç`didkguvfp f}pd`gevx uvf afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp`dipgmïrfi} }rïp pçrgfvpfkfi})

A‗FEV FP] VI NE@]FVR MF RGPUVFP

F] MF ]FIPGDIP FI @OGIF 

Afp rfppdvr`fp pdi} giçceafkfi}

rç|er}gfp

Ae pg}ve}gdi fp} }rïp `di}rep}çf fi}rfae @ogif mv Pvm! begciçf meip vi `agke}pvb}rd|g`ea f} eagkfi}çf |er ae kdvppdifi ç}ç! f} ae @ogif mv Idrm! ev `agke} pf`f} `di}gifi}ea) Af mçpfr} `dkkfi`f ì ?<hk mf \çhgi Meip `fr}egifp |rd~gi`fp mvIdrm! ae kdwfiif mgp|digbaf |er oebg}ei}fp} mf 6<<k0 |er ei! pdg} vif kdwfiifbgfi ginçrgfvrf ev pfvga mf p}rfpp owmrguvf/pdg} 26<k0') @fae |ae`f `fp rçcgdip evkêkf ig~fev uvf mfp |ewp mçpfr}guvfp/|er fxfk|af a‗Eacçrgf e~f` =3?k0 m‗fev

|er oebg}ei} |er ei dv fi`drf Mjgbdv}ge~f` =36k0 m‗fev |er oebg}ei}'5)

@f}}f pg}ve}gdi fp} m‗ev}ei} |avp|rçd``v|ei}f uvf ae Creimf \aegif mvIdrm `dv~rf 07& mfp }frrfp erebafp mv|ewp f} cçiïrf af }gfrp mv \GB `ogidgp }dv}fi if mgp|dpei} uvf mf 3!3& mfprfppdvr`fp owmrguvfp ie}gdieafp2 f} firf|rçpfi}ei} |rïp mf 6<& mf ae pv|frng`gf

5 Cçd|dag}guvf mf a‗fev fi @ogif ! Nrei`h Ceaaeim! 2<<72 Owmrdadcgf! owmrevaguvf f} owmrd|dag}guvf fi @ogif! Pçbep}gfi@dagi! 2<<3

mv |ewp ennf`}çf |er mfp pç`ofrfppfp|çrgdmguvfp0)

Ga |afv} fi kdwfiif >=?kk pvra‗fipfkbaf mv }frrg}dgrf) Kegp pvr afp

rçcgdip `ý}gïrfp mv Pvm+Fp} |fv~fi}rf`f~dgr jvpuv‗ì 2<<< kk |er ei! uveim afbeppgi mv ]ergk ev _gijgeic if rfãdg} uvf26 kk |er ei) Ev pvm mv Weiczg! ga |afv}fi kdwfiif 5<<< kk }eimgp uvf ae @ogif`fi}reaf! ae Keim`odvrgf! ae |er}gfdrgfi}eaf mv ]gbf} f} ae Creimf \aegif mvIdrm if rfãdg~fi} uv‗fi}rf =<< f} ?<< kk`oeuvf eiiçf)

\av~gdkç}rgf fi @ogif =  

Ae kfie`f mf rgpuvfp

fi~grdiifkfi}evx fp} |avp ndr}f

Fi @ogif |avp uv‗egaafvrp! afp nafv~fpf} afp rg~gïrfp |fv~fi} ê}rf `dipgmçrçp`dkkf afp ¨ er}ïrfp mf ae ie}gdi ¸) Af|ewp if `dk|}f |ep kdgip mf 6< <<<

`dvrp m‗fev mdi} ae pv|frng`gf kdwfiif mf`oeuvf beppgi ~frpei} p‗ç}fim pvr |avp mf5<< hk²) Afp nafv~fp afp |avp gk|dr}ei}ppdi} af Weiczg! af Oveic Of /Nafv~f jeviffi nreiãegp'! af Ovegof! ae rg~gïrf mfp\frafp f} pfp ennavfi}p! a‗Ekdvr f} aePdicove ev Idrm! af Breoke|dv}rf ev]gbf}) Fipfkbaf! gap `dip}g}vfi} ae kejdrg}çmf 22< <<< hk mf nafv~fp! mdi} 76 <<< hkpdi} mfp ~dgfp nav~geafp ie~gcebafp) Kegpevjdvrm‗ovg! 7<& mfp `dvrp m‗fev

0 Afp rfppdvr`fp fi fev f} afvr cfp}gdi fi @ogif! Zdicxge @eg!Cçd`errfndvr! 2<<=)= ¨ Cçdcre|ogf mf ae @ogif ̧ er}g`af Sghg|çmge! fi`w`ad|çmgf agbrf

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

0 

p‗eppï`ofi} fi og~fr! f} af Nafv~f Jevifi‗e}}fgi} |avp ae kfr |fimei} |avpgfvrpkdgp)

Af }gfrp mv }frrg}dgrf `ogidgp fp}

evjdvrm‗ovg `dv~fr} |er af mçpfr}! mvmçpfr} mv ]ehaekehei jvpuv‗ì a‗Dvfp} mv]gbf} fi |eppei} |er af mçpfr} mf Cdbg)@oeuvf eiiçf! `dkkf ev Peoere! afmçpfr} |rdcrfppf) Dr! ae |dag}guvf mfp¨ berrgïrfp ~fr}fp ¸ |dvr firewfr ae|rdcrfppgdi mv mçpfr} p‗e~ïrf|er}g`vagïrfkfi} `dipdkke}rg`f fi fevgppvf mfp ie||fp |orçe}guvfp) Af ndrecfmf `faafp+`g! }dvjdvrp |avp |rdndim!`di}rgbvf ì a‗e`gmgng`e}gdi f} ì a‗çrdpgdi mfppdap f} |er `dipçuvfi} ì ae |rdcrfppgdi mvmçpfr}) E `fr}egip fimrdg}p! ga e~ei`f jvpuv‗ì vif mgzegif mf kï}rf |er ei6)

Mf |avp! ae @ogif fp} `dip}ekkfi}kfie`çf |er mfp pç`ofrfppfp) Meip vi`di}fx}f mf rç`oevnnfkfi} `agke}guvf! aerç|ç}g}gdi! ae mvrçf f} a‗gi}fipg}ç mfp|çrgdmfp pï`ofp rgpuvfi} mf p‗e``rdé}rf f}af rfimfkfi} ecrg`daf |dvrreg} mïp adrpmgkgivfr! `f uvg evreg} mfp `dipçuvfi`fpmreke}guvfp |vgpuvf ae Creimf \aegif mvIdrm i‗fp} ev}rf uvf af crfigfr ì baç mf ae

@ogif }dv}f fi}gïrf)\er}g`vagïrfkfi} mç|fimei}p mfp

|rç`g|g}e}gdip! afp nafv~fp `ogidgp`diiegppfi} m‗gk|dr}ei}fp ~erge}gdip mfafvr mçbg} fi ndi`}gdi mfp |çrgdmfp mfa‗eiiçf! ì }fa |dgi} uvf meip af Idrm! 3< ì?<& mv navx mfp `dvrp m‗fev pdi}eagkfi}çp mvrei} ae pegpdi mfp |avgfp!fi}reéiei} pdv~fi} mfp `rvfp f} mfpgidime}gdip mç~ep}e}rg`fp) Egipg! af Nafv~fJevif! bfr`fev mf ae `g~gagpe}gdi `ogidgpf!

e+}+ga ç}ç! mf|vgp }dvjdvrp! a‗dbjf} mf}re~evx m‗ekçiecfkfi} ì }re~frp mfpmgcvfp f} mfp berrecfp! mdi} af Berrecfmfp ]rdgp Cdrcfp pvr afuvfa idvprf~gfimrdip)

6 Pseaadsfm bw Peim : @ogie‗p Bgaagdi Mdaaer Be}}af Ecegip} Mfpfr}gng`e}gdi ! Herfi Bfiif}}! 2<<?)

Ae |daav}gdi mfp fevx |rçd``v|f

çceafkfi} afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp

\avp m‗vif mgzegif mf kgaagfrp m‗vpgifp`ogkguvfp pdi} gk|aei}çfp af adic mfpnafv~fp f} mfp rg~gïrfp f} mç~frpfi} afvrpmç`of}p idi }reg}çp meip afp `dvrp m‗fev)Ae |av|er} rfp}fi} peip ç}vmf m‗gk|e`}fi~grdiifkfi}ea) \dvr afp fevx mfpvrne`fp! afp uvfauvfp kfpvrfp mf uveag}çfnnf`}vçfp fi 2<<6 pvr 2<<< pfckfi}pkdi}rfi} uvf 26 <<< hk mf rg~gïrfp if`drrfp|dimfi} |ep evx idrkfp mf uveag}çp}eimerm f} uvf 7<& mfp pf`}gdip mfrg~gïrf fi bdrmvrf mfp creimfp ~gaafp pdi}

pç~ïrfkfi} |daavçfp) Afp ie||fp|orçe}guvfp af pdi} çceafkfi} :a‗E`emçkgf mfp P`gfi`fp mf \çhgi e rfimvvif ç}vmf uvg kdi}reg} uvf afp |daavei}pgppvp mf a‗gimvp}rgf |ç}rd`ogkguvf w pdi}aercfkfi} rç|eimvp)

Meip ae Creimf \aegif mv Idrm |erfxfk|af! a‗vpecf fx}fipgn f} gi`di}rýaç mf|fp}g`gmfp f} m‗gipf`}g`gmfp! fi |er}g`vagfrmeip vi |ewp d÷ pvb~figr evx bfpdgipeagkfi}egrfp mf pe |d|vae}gdi fp} vi mçng!`di}rgbvf ì mçcremfr ae uveag}ç mv pda f}mfp fevx mfp ie||fp |orçe}guvfp! mçjìpvrfx|adg}çfp meip vi `di}fx}f d÷ a‗fevfp} rerf)

\er egaafvrp! ae @ogif pdvnnrf m‗vipdvp+gi~fp}gppfkfi} fi ke}gïrf mfrf}reg}fkfi} mfp mç`of}p : |rïp mv }gfrpmfp rfjf}p gimvp}rgfap f} mfvx }gfrp mfprfjf}p mdkfp}guvfp pdi} mç`oercçp peipev`vi }reg}fkfi} |rgkegrf) E }g}rfm‗fxfk|af! jvpuv‗fi 5777! ae @ogif ifmgp|dpegfi} uvf mf 2>> p}e}gdip

m‗ç|vre}gdi kdmfrifp! `drrfp|dimei} ìpfvafkfi} 56& fi `e|e`g}ç mv }d}eam‗fevx vpçfp |rdmvg}fp |er afp kçiecfp)@f}}f pdvp+`e|e`g}ç fp} m‗ev}ei} |avpmreke}guvf adrpuvf a‗di peg} uv‗vi ag}rfm‗fevx vpçfp |daavf fi~grdi ovg} ag}rfpm‗fev mdv`f)

Fi id~fkbrf 2<<6! ì Oerbgi! 5<<}diifp mf bfizïif pf pdi} mç~frpçfpmeip ae Pdicove) Afp oebg}ei}p di} ç}ç|rg~çp m‗fev |d}ebaf |fimei} 6 jdvrp)

A‗e``gmfi} e ekfiç afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfpì rçeagpfr vif ç}vmf pvr 25 <<< vpgifp

\çhgi p‗giuvgï}f mf ae |rdcrfppgdi mv mçpfr}  uveim Svoei mdg} cçrfr mfp gidime}gdip  

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

= 

Fi @ogif! |avp mf 0<< kgaagdip mf |frpdiifp i‗di} |ep e``ïp ì a‗fev `dvrei}f  

`ogkguvfp pg}vçfp ev bdrm mfp rg~gïrfp)Keacrç `fae! fi}rf id~fkbrf 2<<6 f} e~rga2<<>! 3> e``gmfi}p pgkgaegrfp mf |daav}gdi

`ogkguvf di} ç}ç mçidkbrçp meipa‗fipfkbaf mv |ewp)

Afp `dipçuvfi`fp gkkçmge}fp mf`f}}f |daav}gdi }gfiifi} m‗ebdrm ì a‗ebpfi`fm‗e``ïp ì a‗fev `dvrei}f |dvr |avp mf 0<<kgaagdip mf |frpdiifp) Afp oebg}ei}p pdi}mdi` ekfiçp ì |vgpfr afvr fev ì |er}grmfp ndrecfp f} mfp p}d`hecfp gimg~gmvfap)E adic }frkf! `fp |d|vae}gdip mç~fad||fi}mfp keaemgfp f} mfp `ei`frp : fi @ogif! gafp} fp}gkç uvf 55& mfp `ei`frp mvpwp}ïkf mgcfp}gn pdi} gk|v}ebafp ì a‗fev|daavçf>)

Af `oeicfkfi} `agke}guvf

eccre~f a‗fipfkbaf mfp rgpuvfp

agçp ì a‗fev

M‗e|rïp Jdoi Bfmmgic}di! |rdnfppfvr

eicaegp f} Cd~frikfi} @ogfn P`gfi}gng` Em~gpfr  mf|vgp 2<<? ev|rïp mvcdv~frifkfi} brg}eiiguvf! ¨ ae @ogif pfremvrfkfi} }dv`oçf |er afp `oeicfkfi}p`agke}guvfp! `er ae }fk|çre}vrf fp}e||façf ì evckfi}fr ev+mfppvp mf aekdwfiif kdimgeaf ¸3)

Afp `va}vrfp grrgcvçfp `dip}g}vfi} aekejdrg}ç mfp }frrfp `va}g~çfp /><&') Pg afPvm mf ae @ogif fp} aercfkfi} |dvr~v fifev |dvr eagkfi}fr ae `va}vrf mv rgz! ae

pg}ve}gdi mfp |rd~gi`fp mv Idrm fp}bfev`dv| |avp }fimvf) Afp pwp}ïkfpm‗grrgce}gdi w pdi} pdv~fi} |fv |frndrkei}pf} cep|gaafi} a‗fev! pdg} |er ginga}re}gdi! pdg}|er ç~e|dre}gdi) M‗e|rïp ae BeiuvfKdimgeaf! meip afp |ewp fimç~fad||fkfi}! ><& mf a‗fev fp} |frmvfmeip mfp pwp}ïkfp m‗grrgce}gdi }rd| ~gfvxdv mçnegaaei}p `di}rf 0<& meip afp |ewpmç~fad||çp) E~f` af rç`oevnnfkfi}

> ¨ @dp} dn |daav}gdi gi @ogie ̧ ! Beiuvf kdimgeaf f} P}e}fFi~grdikfi}ea \rd}f`}gdi Emkgigp}re}gdi! nç~rgfr 2<<33 ¨ Afp gk|e`}p mv ̀ oeicfkfi} ̀ agke}guvf pvr afp rfppdvr`fp fifev mf ae @ogif ̧ ! Nebgfi Mv|vgp! sss)ennegrfp+p}re}fcguvfp)gind /2<<7'

`agke}guvf! afp |rç~gpgdip eiidi`fi} vifbegppf mf ae |rdmv`}gdi `çrçeagïrf mf 5<&pg afp |re}guvfp m‗grrgce}gdi mfp `va}vrfp`çrçeagïrfp if p‗eme|}fi} |ep evx

kdmgng`e}gdip `agke}guvfp?

) Pg afprfimfkfi}p ecrg`dafp begppfi}! af |rgx mfp`çrçeafp evckfi}fre) Gimç|fimekkfi}mf ae begppf mf pfp fx|dr}e}gdip ecrg`dafp!ae @ogif pf ~frreg} `dinrdi}çf ì idv~fev ìmfp rgpuvfp mf nekgif f} ì mfp fxdmfpkeppgnp ~frp afp ~gaafp! f} mdi` ì mf|d}fi}gfap }rdvbafp pd`gevx) M

 

eip pdidv~recf gi}g}vaç Nekgifp f} |dag}guvfp ! aecçdcre|of Pwa~gf Brvifa re||faaf uvf "ae nekgif mçpgcif afp |fv|afp uvg! ì vi 

 

kdkfi} mdiiç mf afvr ogp}dgrf! pf ~dgfi} 

igfr afvr p}e}v} pd`gea f} |dag}guvf! afvrp 

 

mrdg}p ndimekfi}evx fi }ei} uv#ê}rfp 

 

ovkegip ") Fi @ogif! a‗ev}dpvnngpei`feagkfi}egrf fp} mçjì vi mçng : ae p}ebgag}ç|dag}guvf f} ae |egx pd`geaf }gfiifi} fi

 

|er}gf ì ae `rdgppei`f ç`didkguvf) Pg ae

 

pg}ve}gdi mf~gfi} gi}fiebaf |dvr `evpf mf`oeicfkfi} `agke}guvf! `‗fp} af p}e}v}  mfae @ogif `dkkf e`}fvr ç`didkguvf f}|dag}guvf kdimgea uvg fp} kfie`ç)

A‗gimvp}rgf fp} çceafkfi} pdvkgpf ì

mfp rgpuvfp gk|dr}ei}p : pdi rf}erm}f`oidadcguvf fp} af pf`dim ne`}fvr mfcep|gaaecf) \er fxfk|af! |rdmvgrf vif}diif m‗e`gfr fi @ogif `dipdkkf fi}rf20 f} 6>k0 m‗fev! `di}rf >k0 fiEaafkecif dv evx F}e}p+Vigp) @fae }gfi}fi |er}gf ev neg} uvf a‗fev fp} ne`}vrçf bgfifi mfppdvp mf pdi |rgx rçfa) Dr! negrf|ewfr a‗fev |avp `ofr! `‗fp} evckfi}fr afp`dø}p mf |rdmv`}gdi mfp fi}rf|rgpfp`ogidgpfp f} mgkgivfr afvr `dk|ç}g}g~g}ç)Kegp `‗fp} evppg negrf ne`f ev

kç`di}fi}fkfi} mfp `dipdkke}fvrp! fi|er}g`vagfr mf `fvx uvg bçiçng`gfi} af kdgipmf ae `rdgppei`f meip afp |rd~gi`fpgi}çrgfvrfp)

Fi 2<<7! ì a‗d``epgdi m‗vif`dinçrfi`f ie}gdieaf pvr ae uvfp}gdi mf

 

a‗fev ì Cvgagi! @ofi Afg! af kgigp}rf mfprfppdvr`fp euve}guvfp! gipgp}eg} pvr ae~dadi}ç mv cdv~frifkfi} mf `di}rýafra‗v}gagpe}gdi mf a‗fev : fi ngxei} mfp agkg}fpm‗vpecf meip afp mgnnçrfi}p pf`}fvrp! fi

? ¨ Cçd|dag}guvf mf a‗fev fi @ogif ̧ ! Nrei`h Ceaaeim meip¨ Kdimf `ogidgp ¸ i¼56! ev}dkif 2<<?)

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

6 

fxekgiei} afp mç`of}p |daavei}p rfjf}çpmeip afp rg~gïrfp! fi agkg}ei} af cep|gaaecf!fi rf`w`aei} afp fevx vpçfp! f}`)7)A‗ç`didkgf mf a‗fev f} af rf`w`aecf pdi}

egipg mf~fivp mfp |rgdrg}çp |dvr afpev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp) Faafp ngcvrfi} |erkg afp|rfkgfrp dbjf`}gnp mv _Gf |aei uvgiuvfiiea/2<<>+2<55') E~f` vif |d|vae}gdi mdi} afpbfpdgip `di}givfi} mf `rdé}rf! ae @ogif eevppg ficecç mf advrmp |rdjf}p `dkkf af\rdjf} m‗Emmv`}gdi mfp Fevx mv Pvm ~frpaf Idrm) Kegp faaf mdg} çceafkfi} pf}dvrifr ~frp mfp pdvr`fp giid~ei}fpm‗e||rd~gpgdiifkfi} fi fev `dkkf afmfppeafkfi}! |dvr afuvfa ae @ogif fi}fim`aegrfkfi} p‗enng`ofr afemfr)

Ne`f ì `fp rgpuvfp! af

cdv~frifkfi} `ogidgp e neg} mf

a‗fev vif |rgdrg}ç ie}gdieaf

Meip `f `di}fx}f! di `dk|rfim uvfmeip vi ndrvk drceigpç ev Ofiei! af 26d`}dbrf 2<<6! af ~g`f+kgigp}rf `ogidgp mf ae@dip}rv`}gdi! Uvg Bgedxgic! eg} uveagngç ae`rgpf mf a‗fev fi @ogif mf ¨ ae |avppçrgfvpf f} vrcfi}f mv kdimf ¸5<)

Af keiuvf m‗fev dv ae |daav}gdi mfa‗fev `di}rgbvf fi fnnf} ì a‗fxdmf rvrea ìoev}fvr mf uvfauvfp mgzegifp mf kgaagdipmf |frpdiifp `oeuvf eiiçf) Fi ~gaaf!`f}}f errg~çf keppg~f mf |d|vae}gdi rvreaf|dpf |er egaafvrp m‗gk|dr}ei}p |rdbaïkfpm‗gi}çcre}gdi pd`geaf! m‗e``ïp ev adcfkfi}f} m‗ekçiecfkfi} vrbegi) Afpgi~fp}gppfkfi}p if |er~gfiifi} |ep ìpvg~rf ae mfkeimf pd`geaf) Afp beiagfvfp|çrg|oçrguvfp p‗ç}eafi} f} crgcid}fi} af

}frrg}dgrf e~ei} kêkf m‗e~dgr ç}çe`of~çfp! evckfi}ei} fi`drf afp|rdbaïkfp m‗eppegigppfkfi} f} m‗e``ïp ìa‗fev)

Afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp `dkkfi`fi} ìpçrgfvpfkfi} |rfimrf fi `dk|}f `fp|rdbaïkfp m‗ekçiecfkfi} vrbegi) Ea‗d``epgdi mv mgp`dvrp dnng`gfa mvcdv~frifkfi} adrp mf a‗dv~fr}vrf mf aepfppgdi eiivfaaf mf a‗Eppfkbaçf ie}gdieaf|d|vaegrf fi kerp 2<<>! af \rfkgfr

7 ¨ Ae @ogif |rdkf} a‗v}gagpe}gdi fnng`e`f ¸!sss)nrfi`o)|fd|af)`dk)`i! 5> nç~rgfr 2<<75< ¨ @ogif : ae |rdbaçke}guvf mf a‗fev }dvjdvrp |avp ̀ dk|afxf ̧

Kgigp}rf gipgp}eg} pvr ¨ ae idv~faaf kgppgdiogp}drguvf mf ae @ogif ¸ : ¨ rçmvgrf afprgpuvfp |dag}guvfp mv ndppç uvg pf `rfvpffi}rf afp rg`ofp f} afp |ev~rfp! f} eigkfr

a‗ç`didkgf ~ep}f kegp fi`drf}remg}gdiifaaf mfp zdifp rvreafp ¸) Ga|rç`gpf |avp adgi meip pdi mgp`dvrp aeadcguvf mf `f mç~fad||fkfi} mfp zdifprvreafp : ¨ ae p}re}çcgf mf mç~fad||fkfi}mf a‗dvfp} ¸ /Cd Sfp} '! pdg} 55< kgaagermpmf mdaaerp gi~fp}gp mf|vgp 2<<> meip mfcreimp }re~evx m‗ginrep}rv`}vrf!id}ekkfi} mf berrecfp f} mf pwp}ïkfpm‗eagkfi}e}gdi fi fev |d}ebaf f}m‗eppegigppfkfi}! meip afp rçcgdip mfa‗Dvfp} /Ceipv! Igicxge! Ugicoeg!

Poeeixg'! f} fi |er}g`vagfr meip afp rçcgdipmv |ae}fev }gbç}egi f} mv _gijgeic)55 

\dvr ev}ei}! keacrç a‗vrcfi`f! afpmgp`dvrp |dag}guvfp |fgifi} ì pf}reipndrkfr fi e`}gdip `di`rï}fp)A‗fxfk|af mv ¨ Crffi C\M ¸ /\GB ^fr}'fp} çaduvfi} : aei`ç |dvr rçç~eavfr ae`rdgppei`f ì a‗evif mf pdi gk|e`}fi~grdiifkfi}ea! ga e }rïp ~g}f ç}ç p}d||ç`er ga rç~çaeg} vif `rdgppei`f zçrd meip`fr}egifp rçcgdip! }ei} a‗gk|e`}

fi~grdiifkfi}ea ç}eg} advrm52

)

 

GKECGIFR MFP PDAV]GDIP \DVR AE

@OGIF Fi ke}gïrf mf cfp}gdi mf a‗fev! ae

@ogif if açpgif |ep pvr afpgi~fp}gppfkfi}p! kêkf pg afp bvmcf}peaadvçp mdg~fi} ê}rf avp ì a‗evif mfa‗ek|afvr mfp }re~evx ì rçeagpfr) Afberrecf mfp ]rdgp Cdrcfp f} af \EFPIndi} |er}gf mf `fp |rdjf}p |oerediguvfp uvg

di} vif ~d`e}gdi }dv} ev}ei} ç`didkguvfuvf ie}gdieagp}f) Afp ev}drg}çp di}çceafkfi} e``çaçrç afp |rdcrekkfp mfrçid~e}gdi mfp pwp}ïkfp m‗grrgce}gdi) Fi}rfpf|}fkbrf 2<<0 f} keg 2<<= |er fxfk|af!|ep kdgip mf >!? kgaagermp mf mdaaerp di}ç}ç gi~fp}gp meip ae `dip}rv`}gdi f} aerç|ere}gdi mfp rçpfevx! mdi} 0!? kgaagermpngiei`çp |er afp ev}drg}çp ad`eafp f} 0kgaagermp |er afp ecrg`va}fvrp! pfadi afKgigp}ïrf mfp Rfppdvr`fp fi Fev)

55 ¨ E ae `diuvê}f mf a‗Dvfp} ̧ ! Cebrgfa Crfpgaadi f} WeiiRdvppfev! Afp F`odp! 6 kerp 2<<3)52 ¨ Cçd|dag}guvf mf a‗fev fi @ogif ̧ ! Nrei`h Ceaaeim meip¨ Kdimf `ogidgp ¸ i¼56! ev}dkif 2<<?)

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

> 

Ae @ogif mç}gfi} : 22 5<= creimp berrecfp /6<& mfp creimp 

berrecfp mf ae |aeiï}f'?6 5>< berrecfp mf }dv}fp }egaafp 

0< =<< berrecfp |d}fi}gfaafkfi} meicfrfvx dv ndi`}gdiiei} kea  

Afp berrecfp `dip}g}vfi} vif

pdav}gdi diçrfvpf |dvr cçrfr afp

`rvfp

Ae kdg}gç mfp =6 <<< creimp berrecfpmf ae |aeiï}f pf }rdv~fi} fi @ogif :a‗Fk|grf mv Kgagfv fi e `dip}rvg} 22 5<=fxe`}fkfi}) Jdvei} mf |avp pvr ae ngbrfie}gdieaf! afp dv~recfp mf creimf ek|afvrpf kva}g|agfi}! fi |er}g`vagfr ev ]gbf}) E}g}rf m‗fxfk|af! a‗Ervi! vi ennavfi} mvCeicf uvg |rfim pe pdvr`f ev ]gbf} f}}re~frpf af Iç|ea! if `dk|}f |ep kdgipmf 6 berrecfp eadrp uvf ae |dr}gdi `ogidgpfmf ae rg~gïrf if neg} uvf uvfauvfp

`fi}egifp mf hgadkï}rfp)@fp berrecfp rç|dimfi} ì ae ndgp ì vi

gk|çre}gn mf mç~fad||fkfi} fi ndvrigppei}mf a‗çifrcgf evx gimvp}rgfp! kegpçceafkfi} ì vi gk|çre}gn mf cfp}gdi mfp`rvfp fi rçcvaei} af mçbg} mfp nafv~fpfi}rf ae pegpdi pï`of f} ae pegpdi ovkgmf)Ebpdavkfi} fppfi}gfap ì ae `rdgppei`f mfa‗ç`didkgf! gap pdi} evppg |dvr afpev}drg}çp! afp cerei}p mf ae pç`vrg}ç mfp~gaafp rg~fregifp mfp nafv~fp! uvg i‗di}

`fppç mf |â}gr! mf|vgp afvrp drgcgifp! mfpgidime}gdip f} mfp `rvfp) A‗fxfk|af af|avp kfvr}rgfr rfkdi}f ì a#ç}ç 577? : vifgidime}gdi fx`f|}gdiifaaf e neg} |ep kdgipmf = <<< ~g`}gkfp f} mç|ae`ç 5?!= kgaagdipmf |frpdiifp) Ì a‗ç|duvf! afp |fr}fpç`didkguvfp di} ç}ç fp}gkçfp ì03kgaagermp mf mdaaerp) Meip vi }fa`di}fx}f! afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp i‗di}ev`vi kea ì negrf e``f|}fr a‗gmçf uvf afpberrecfp pdi} iç`fppegrfp ì ae |rd}f`}gdimf ae |d|vae}gdi f} pvr}dv} ì ae |çrfiig}ç

mf a‗e`}g~g}ç ç`didkguvf)

Afp berrecfp! vif pdav}gdi pdvp+d|}gkeaf 4

Kegp afp berrecfp rfp}fi} vi |erg

meicfrfvx f} `ofr) Fi @ogif! af kgigp}ïrfmfp Rfppdvr`f fi fev mçidkbrf ?6 5><berrecfp mf }dv}fp }egaafp) Dr |avp mf0< =<< m‗fi}rf fvx pdi} fp}gkçp|d}fi}gfaafkfi} meicfrfvx dv ndi`}gdiiei}kea) Fi 2<<6! vi berrecf e `çmç meip afWviiei f} |rd~duvç ae kdr} m‗vifuvgizegif mf |frpdiifp) Fi 5736!a‗fnndimrfkfi} mfp mgcvfp f} mfp berrecfpmeip af pvm mv Ofiei e |rd~duvç ae kdr}mf ?6 <<< ì 20< <<< |frpdiifp) Pfadi ae`e|e`g}ç mv berrecf! afp `dipçuvfi`fp|fv~fi} ê}rf |avp dv kdgip mreke}guvfp)

Mg~frpfp `evpfp pdi} ì a‗drgcgif mf aerv|}vrf mfp berrecfp `ogidgp : ke}çrgevxmf uveag}ç gipvnngpei}f /}egaaf mfp cre~gfrp!uveag}ç mv `gkfi}…'! giemçuve}gdi mfpginrep}rv`}vrfp e~f` afp rfppdvr`fp ì`di}figr /`rvf `fi}fiieaf `dkkf fi5736' f} |avp cadbeafkfi}! cfp}gdi mf aerfppdvr`f gieme|}çf /negbaf |dv~dgr mfpgip}g}v}gdip mf beppgip ne`f evx|rd~gi`fp…') Ne`f ì `fp mgnnçrfi`fp mf

meicfrdpg}ç! afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfpaei`fi} mfp ç}vmfp f} mfp |rdcrekkfp mfrçid~e}gdi! md}çp mf |avp dv kdgip mfkdwfip pfadi a‗gk|dr}ei`f mv berrecf f}mfp rgpuvfp)

@ep m‗ç`daf : af berrecf mfp ]rdgpCdrcfp fp} vi pwkbdaf |dag}guvf! kegp

|ep vif pdav}gdi fnng`e`f

Mf }dv}fp afp creimfp `dip}rv`}gdip

owmrevaguvfp `ogidgpfp! af berrecf mfp]rdgp Cdrcfp pf mgp}gicvf |er pdi ek|afvrf} pfp `dipçuvfi`fp) E~ei} }dv} |dr}fvrm‗vi |rdjf} |dag}guvf ie}gdiea gaavp}rei} afrýaf mf a‗F}e} afemfr meip a‗ekçiecfkfi}mv }frrg}dgrf! af |rdjf} e ç}ç e||rdv~ç fi5772 |er a‗Eppfkbaçf Ie}gdieaf |d|vaegrf)

E~f` ae `dip}rv`}gdi mv berrecf mfp]rdgp Cdrcfp! a‗F}e} |dvrpvg~eg} }rdgpdbjf`}gnp) ]dv} m‗ebdrm! rçcvafr afp `rvfp f}af mçbg} mv Weiczg) Af rçpfr~dgr e vi

ig~fev m‗fev idrkea mf 536k m‗ea}g}vmf)@oeuvf eiiçf! ga fp} ebegppç ì 5=6ke~ei} jvgi) \vgp! af ~davkf m‗fev e``vkvaç

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

3 

fi}rf jvgi f} d`}dbrf fp} fipvg}f ç~e`vç|fimei} ae pegpdi pï`of) Mfvxgïkfdbjf`}gn : ae |rdmv`}gdi owmrdçaf`}rguvf)E~f` 2> }vrbdea}frie}fvrp! af rfimfkfi}

eiivfa kdwfi fp} mf ?=!3 ]fre Se}}ofvrf) \er `dk|eregpdi! ae `fi}reafiv`açegrf |rdmvg} fi kdwfiif 5!? ]So)]rdgpgïkf dbjf`}gn : ekçagdrfr aeie~gcebgag}ç mv Weiczg |dvr |frkf}}rf ìmfp be}fevx `e|ebaf mf }reip|dr}fr5< <<< }diifp mf `ercegpdi mf rfagfr afPg`ovei f} @odicugic ì ae rçcgdi mfpae`p! Svoei! |vgp ì Poeicoeg) Gi`avp meipaf |rdjf} mf mç~fad||fkfi} mf a‗Dvfp}! `fidv~fa exf mf ie~gce}gdi mçpfi`ae~fa‗gi}çrgfvr mfp }frrfp)

E|rïp e~dgr ~ei}ç }dv}fp afp uveag}çpmv berrecf mfp ]rdgp+Cdrcfp! afp ev}drg}çp`ogidgpfp `dkkfi`fi} ì ivei`fr afvr|rd|dp f} afvr fi}odvpgepkf) Af `dø}ç`didkguvf f} pd`gea fp} fi fnnf} çidrkf :20 kgaagermp m‗fvrdp dnng`gfaafkfi} di} ç}çgi~fp}gp |dvr pe `dip}rv`}gdi /m‗ev`vipenngrkfi} uvf af `dø} rçfa fp} |av}ý} mfa‗drmrf mf 6< kgaagermp m‗fvrdp'! 5!2 kgaagdimf |frpdiifp di} ç}ç mç|ae`çfp f} |rïp mf5<<< ~gaafp f} ~gaaecfp di} ç}ç mç}rvg}p) \er

egaafvrp! af `dø} m‗fi}rf}gfi mv berrecf fp}`dadppea : gimç|fimekkfi} mf ae|rçpfi`f mf a‗erkçf f} mf kva}g|afp pepmf pç`vrg}ç pvr af pg}f f} ae `dip}rv`}gdi! mfkev~egpf uveag}ç! iç`fppg}f pdv~fi} mfprç|ere}gdip)

Pvr af |aei ç`dadcguvf! a‗gkkfipfrçpfr~dgr mv berrecf /|avp mf 5<<< hk²'evckfi}f afp rgpuvfp mf cagppfkfi}p mf}frregi f} mf }rfkbafkfi}p mf }frrf ì}re~frp a‗e``vkvae}gdi mfp pçmgkfi}p fiekdi} uvg nrecgagpf ae p}rv`}vrf f} aerçpgp}ei`f pgpkguvf mv berrecf)@f|fimei}! afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp di}igçp uvf af }rfkbafkfi} mf }frrf evPg`ovei fi 2<<? eg} fv vi agfi uvfa`diuvfe~f` af berrecf mfp ]rdgp+Cdrcfp) Aep}ecie}gdi mfp fevx! ae |rdagnçre}gdi mfpeacvfp! m‗oebg}vmf mregiçfp |er af `dvrei}!egipg uvf ae mgp|erg}gdi dv ae kdmgng`e}gdimfp zdifp mf igmgng`e}gdi `dimvgpfi} ì aebegppf mf ae bgdmg~frpg}ç : `fr}egifpfp|ï`fp ie}vrfaafp pf pdi} kêkf }dv}

pgk|afkfi} ç}fgi}fp ì a‗gip}er mv mev|ogimv Weiczg)

Ae pdav}gdi mv Idrm pf }rdv~f ev

Pvm : mç|adgfkfi} mv \EFPI

\dvr negrf ne`f ev keiuvf m‗fev! afpev}drg}çp di} }rdv~ç vif pdav}gdi }dv}f`ogidgpf |er pdi ek|afvr f} |er pdi `dø} :Iei Povg Bfg Mged  /¨ afp fevx mv pvm`dvafi} ev Idrm ¸'! fi nreiãegp af |rdjf}m‗emmv`}gdi m‗fev mv Pvm ev Idrm/\EFPI') A‗gmçf fp} mf mç}dvrifr vif|er}gf mfp fevx mv Weiczg! nrçuvfkkfi}pvjf} ì mfp `rvfp! meip }rdgp creimp`eievx mf mçrg~e}gdi uvg rfkdi}fi} evIdrm) Ae |rfkgïrf mçrg~e}gdi! ae |avp ìa‗Fp}! rfagfre Ieiogi ev pvm mf ]geijgi /af

|dr} `dkkfr`gea mf \çhgi') Ae pf`dimfmçrg~e}gdi! ev @fi}rf! adicvf mf 5=02hk!fp} fi}gïrfkfi} er}gng`gfaaf f} pfr} mf`dk|açkfi} ì ]geijgi f} \çhgi fi e||dr}m‗fev brv}f) Ae }rdgpgïkf mçrg~e}gdi! ìa‗Dvfp}! fp} m‗vif ekbg}gdi }f`oiguvfçaf~çf `er ga p‗ecg} mf |rçaf~fr afp fevx mvWeiczg mgrf`}fkfi} pvr af |ae}fev }gbç}egi|dvr afp `eieagpfr ~frp af nafv~f Jevif vi|fv |avp ev Idrm)

Meip `f |rdjf}! a‗fev }gbç}egif uvgeagkfi}f af Weiczg fp} p}re}çcguvf) Mf|vgp!af ]gbf} neg} a‗dbjf} m‗vi |rdcrekkf mf|rd}f`}gdi fi~grdiifkfi}eaf uvg e ç}çe||rdv~ç ev ig~fev rçcgdiea fi nç~rgfr2<<> /¨ \rdcrekkf pvr ae |rd}f`}gdi f} ae`dip}rv`}gdi m‗vi rgmfev mf pç`vrg}çç`dadcguvf mv |ae}fev m‗F}e} mv ]gbf} ¸')

@f} gi~fp}gppfkfi} p‗çaï~f ì 5<!3 kgaagermpmf wveip fi}rf 2<<> f} 2<5<) @f

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sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

? 

|rdcrekkf neg} mf ae |rd}f`}gdi mfprfppdvr`fp fi fev vif |rgdrg}ç)

Af ]gbf} fp} çceafkfi} ev `Ővr mf ae|dag}guvf Cd Sfp}  aei`çf fi 2<<5) Meip

`f ~ep}f |rdcrekkf mf mç~fad||fkfi}! ae@ogif ne~drgpf afp kgcre}gdip ~frp `f}}frçcgdi ~gmf! |fv|açf m‗ì |fgif > kgaagdipmf ]gbç}egip ‐ kêkf pg afp rf`fipfkfi}ppdi} mgnng`gafp ì fnnf`}vfr pvr vif|d|vae}gdi fi creimf |er}gf idkemf ‐ f}mf 3 ì ? kgaagdip mf Oeip) Ae @ogif w ~dg}vif d||dr}vig}ç |dvr rçmvgrf aepvr|d|vae}gdi mfp creimfp ~gaafp mf a‗Fp} f}eagkfi}fr fi kegi m‗Őv~rf afp creimp}re~evx m‗ginrep}rv`}vrf : kgifp! ~dgfp mf}reip|dr} rdv}gfr f} nfrrd~gegrf /`dkkf af}regi mf oev}f ea}g}vmf _gigic+Aoeppe' f}pvr}dv} afp berrecfp)

Eppegigr a‗fev |dvr d|}gkgpfra‗v}gagpe}gdi mfp rfppdvr`fpfxgp}ei}fp

Kgpf ev reic mfp |rgdrg}çp mv mfrigfr|aei uvgiuvfiiea `ogidgp! ae |dag}guvfm‗eppegigppfkfi} mf~reg} |frkf}}rf mfnegrf |rdcrfppfr af }evx mf }reg}fkfi} mfp

fevx vpçfp mf 5?& fi 2<<2 ì =<& fi2<5<50) Vif mgzegif mf ~gaafp /mdi} \çhgi!]geijgi! Ugicmed' di} mçjì gig}gç uvfauvfp|rdjf}p mf rf`w`aecf m‗fev ì vpecfpeig}egrf! errdpecf! ae~ecf mf ~dg}vrfp…@f|fimei}! afp rçpva}e}p mf~regfi} rfp}fr}rïp `di}rep}çp fi}rf ae @ogif ag}}dreaf! ev`Ővr mf ae `rdgppei`f f} fi |afgifkdmfrigpe}gdi! f} ae @ogif gi}çrgfvrf!|erfi} |ev~rf mfp rçndrkfp) Kêkfad`eafkfi}! ga fxgp}f vif mgp|erg}ç fi}rf afprçcgdip `ý}gïrfp ev Idrm mv Weiczg uvg

bçiçng`gfi} kdgip mf `fp |rdcrekkfp uvfaf Pvm mv Weiczg) Ga fp} }rïp |rdbebaf uvfae |dag}guvf m‗eppegigppfkfi} aei`çf |erafp ev}drg}çp p‗ç}fimre evx creimfp ~gaafpmf a‗gi}çrgfvr! dv~rei} vi aercf ker`oç|d}fi}gfa |dvr afp creimfp pd`gç}çp|rg~çfp mf rf`w`aecf `dkkf PvfzFi~grdiifkfi} f} ^fdage)

Dv}rf `fp kfpvrfp mf cfp}gdi! ga p‗ecg}mf pfipgbgagpfr ae |d|vae}gdi f} afpgimvp}rgfap evx ç`didkgfp mf a‗fev) Ga p‗ecg}

50 W~fp Cvfrkdim f} Cv Rfiof! gi}fr~fi}gdi ev Nfp}g~eaGi}frie}gdiea mf Cçdcre|ogf 2<<0! ̈ af }reg}fkfi} mf a‗fev : ae@ogif ̀ dkbaf pdi rf}erm ̧

çceafkfi} mf mdiifr vi e``ïp evxpdvr`fp m‗fev |d}ebaf ì |rïp mf 2<<kgaagdip m‗oebg}ei}p meip afp zdifprvreafp! m‗ekçagdrfr a‗fi~grdiifkfi} ad`ea

f} mf rçoebgag}fr afp ç`dpwp}ïkfp nrecgafpfi rçcgdip ovkgmfp uvg di} |â}g mfa‗ebpfi`f m‗e||rd~gpgdiifkfi} fi fev dvmf |dk|ecfp fx`fppgnp)

Afp rçpva}e}p mfkfvrfi} `f|fimei}}rïp mgnng`gafp ì ç~eavfr) Dnng`gfaafkfi}! afcdv~frifkfi} `ogidgp eiidi`f uvf afrf}reg}fkfi} mfp fevx vpçfp fi zdifvrbegif e ç}ç mf 3>!7& fi 2<5<)

Vif rçç~eave}gdi gimgp|fipebafmv |rgx mf a‗fev 4

Kêkf pg ae uvfp}gdi rfp}f pfipgbaf!a‗evckfi}e}gdi mv |rgx mf a‗fev fp}mf~fivf giç~g}ebaf) A‗fev fp} fi fnnf}ne`}vrçf ì vi |rgx fx}rêkfkfi} negbaf fi@ogif : <!2= mdaaerp$k0 |dvr a‗fev vrbegiffi kdwfiif f} <!<<= mdaaerp$k0 |dvra‗grrgce}gdi! pdg} kdgip mf ae kdg}gç mfp`dø}p) \çhgi! mdi} afp rfppdvr`fp fi fevpdi} |er}g`vagïrfkfi} negbafp! e mçjìevckfi}ç af |rgx mf a‗fev ì |avpgfvrp

rf|rgpfp `fp mfrigïrfp eiiçfp) Ga fp} ngxç|dvr afp kçiecfp ì >!3 wveip$k0 fi2<<75=) Engi mf rçmvgrf ae `dipdkke}gdim‗fev meip afp `ek|ecifp! ae BeiuvfKdimgeaf fp}gkf fi rf~ei`of uv‗vifne`}vre}gdi bepçf pvr af ~davkf`dipdkkç |av}ý} uvf pvr ae pvrne`fgrrgcvçf pfreg} |avp jvmg`gfvpf uv‗vifpgk|af evckfi}e}gdi mv |rgx mf a‗fev)

Afp ev}drg}çp `fi}reafp di} mf |avpmç`gmç m‗gk|dpfr mfp uvd}ep m‗v}gagpe}gdimeip afp pf`}fvrp gimvp}rgfap uvg`dipdkkfi} af |avp /çaf`}rg`g}ç! pgmçrvrcgf!renngiecf |ç}rdagfr! }fx}gaf! |e|f}frgf!nebrg`e}gdi mf bgïrf f} m‗ea`dda') @fae|frkf}}reg} vif ç`didkgf |d}fi}gfaaf mf >kgaagermp mf }diifp m‗fev |er ei : afpkçiecfp |dvrregfi} fvx evppg ê}rf pdvkgpì vi pwp}ïkf mf uvd}ep mf`dipdkke}gdi! id}ekkfi} ì \çhgi f}]geijgi)

5= ¨ Bfgjgic |rdjf}}f m‗evckfi}fr af |rgx mf a‗fev mf 2=& |dvr afp|er}g`vagfrp ¸ pvr sss)`ogif+gindrke}gdip)`dk! 2<<7)

5/14/2018 GESTION DE L’EAU EN CHINE : COMMENT GERER LA DISPARITE NORD-SUD ? - Iris Delahaye - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gestion-de-leau-en-chine-comment-gerer-la-disparite-nord-sud-iris-delahaye 9/9

 

 

sss)wdv}o+mg|adke`w)drc

 

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Fi |ereaaïaf! afp ev}drg}çp `ogidgpfp

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mf ae }f`oiguvf mv mfppeafkfi}) Mf|vgp5< eip! af |rgx mfp çuvg|fkfi}p |dvr aemçpeagigpe}gdi e begppç mf 6<&) \dvr\çhgi! `‗fp} ì a‗ofvrf e`}vfaaf ae pdav}gdi ae|avp giid~ei}f! kegp evppg ae |avpç`didkguvf) Egipg! ae `dip}rv`}gdi mfp}e}gdip mf mfppeafkfi} m‗vif `e|e`g}ç mf5<< <<< ì 2<< <<< }diifp $ jdvr fp}|rç~vf ì ]geijgi! meip af Poeimdic f}meip af Zofjgeic5>) Ae |rd~gi`f mvPoeimdic fi |er}g`vagfr e mç`gmç m‗gi~fp}gr0!> kgaagermp mf wveip /==6 kgaagdip mfmdaaerp' |dvr ae `dip}rv`}gdi mf 25 p}e}gdipmf mfppeafkfi} ì a‗odrgzdi 2<52) 

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Af |rdbaïkf mf a‗fev fi @ogif dv~rfae |dr}f ì m‗gkkfipfp ker`oçp |d}fi}gfap!fi}rf ev}rfp e~f` afp fi}rf|rgpfp |rg~çfpd``gmfi}eafp! f} mf idv~fevx |er}fierge}pfi}rf ie}gdip) Ga re~g~f çceafkfi} afp}fipgdip ei`fp}reafp e~f` pfp |avp|rd`ofp ~dgpgip) Pg ae @ogif |er~gfi} vi  jdvr ì rçcafr af |rdbaïkf mf a‗giçceag}ç mfae rç|er}g}gdi mf pdi fev pvr pdi }frrg}dgrf!ga nev} cermfr ì a‗fp|rg} uvf meip vif rçcgdi`dkkf a‗Epgf uvg `di`fi}rf |avp m‗vi }gfrpmf ae |d|vae}gdi kdimgeaf f} d÷ a‗fev fp}mçjì vi bgfi rerf! pe `e|}e}gdi fp} aepdvr`f mf `dinag}p f} mf }fipgdipgi}frie}gdieafp `fr}egifp)

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