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hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 1

k|x/L sf/jfxLsf qmddf

dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg cfjZos

dw];df ;~rflnt cfGbf]ngsf qmddf g]kfnsf

k|x/Lx¿n] cTolws an k|of]u u/]sf]df PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gnn] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf] 5 .

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@))* -@)^$ kmfu'g *_ df Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L

kmfu'g & ut] t/fO{sf] l;/fxf lhNnfdf Pshgf @@ jif]{

k|bz{gsf/Lsf] d[To'x'g]u/L k|x/Ln] cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf]

eL8df uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gnn] g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/LnfO{ hLpHofgsf]

;'/Iffsf] nflu cTofjZos cj:yfdf dfq an k|of]u ug{

;d]t cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .

lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5 æsltko cj:yfdf

cfGbf]ngn] lx+;fTds ¿k lng] u/]sf] / To:tf] lx+;fTds

:j¿knfO{ g]kfnL k|x/Lx¿n] /f]Sg] k|of; ul//x]sf] s'/f

xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}F . t/klg xfnsf s]xL 36gfdf ul/Psf]

h;/L eL8df uf]nL k|xf/ ug'{ / k|bz{gsf/Lx¿nfO{

lgoGq0fdf lnO;s]kl5 klg s'6lk6 ug'{ ank|of]usf]

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5, æcfGbf]ngsf] eL8af6 k|x/Lx¿dfly 9'Ëfd'9f x'Fbf klg

k|x/Ln] ;lxi0f'tf b]vfPsf] ePtfklg sltko 36gfdf

cfjZos eGbf a9L / cgk]lIft an k|of]u ul/of] .Æ

:d/0fLo 5 u[xdGqfnon] ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ cTolws ;+odtf

ckgfpg lgb]{zg lbPsf] atfPsf] lyof] .

ank|of]usf] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08cg';f/ ;'/IffsdL{n]

an / xltof/sf] k|of]u ug'{ cl3 ;s];Dd zflGtk"j{s

l:yltnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng' kb{5 . t/ cj:yf c;fdfGo

eO{ xltof/sf] k|of]u gu/L gx'g] cj:yf cfOk/]df ank|of]u

;DaGwL cGo l;4fGtsf cnfjf d"ntM ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo

cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] g+ % sf] kfngf ug'{ kb{5 . pQm

l;4fGtcg';f/ ;'/Iffclwsf/Lx¿n] ;s];Dd an /

xltof/sf] k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g / ank|of]u gu/]df uDeL/

cj:yf cfOkg]{ b]lvPdf ;a} l/t k"/f u/]/ dfq an

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æcfjZos dfqfdf dfq

an k|of]u ug{ ;/sf/n] k|x/LnfO{ tTsfn} lgb]{zg lbg'

kb{5 . To;}u/L k|x/Låf/f cfGbf]ngsf/L dfl/Psf jf

pgLx¿nfO{ lkl6Psf 36gfsf] :jtGq / lgikIf 5fgaLg

u/L cfjZos eGbf a9L an k|of]u ug]{ k|x/L clwsf/LnfO{

sfg'gL sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg' kb{5 .Æ

To;}u/L PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs

dw]zL df]rf{ nufotsf cfGbf]ng/t ;d"xx¿sf

sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ klg ;+od ckgfpg / cfˆgf ultljlwx¿

zflGtk"0f{ tj/n] cl3 a9fpg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . To:t}

cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] ;d"xx¿nfO{ cfGbf]ng

zflGtk"0f{ tj/n] ;~rfng ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ ltgsf]

bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;d]t cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] sfg'g tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjogdf b08xLgtf

;DaGwL cGt/lqmof

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jf ;/sf/åf/f ul7t cfof]ux¿sf l;kmfl/;nfO{ plrt tj/n] sfof{Gjog gul/g'n] klg b08xLgtfnfO{ df}nfpg] df}sf

kfPsf] 5 .

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hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 2

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cfof]ux¿sf] l;kmfl/; kof{Kt sfof{Gjogsf cefjsf sf/0f ePsf b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg

tof/ ug{ P=cfO{= g]kfnn] sfg'gljbx¿sf] Ps sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] lyof] . sfg'gljbx¿ sfzL/fh bfxfn, gxs'n ;'j]bL

tyf nIdL kf]v/]n /xg'ePsf] pQm sfo{bnn] ljleGg g]kfn sfg'g, Goflos lgsfox¿sf] lg0f{o, ltgsf] sfof{Gjogsf]

cj:yf Pj+ cGo b:tfj]hsf] ;d]t cWoog u/L æg]kfnsf] sfg'gdf b08xLgtfsf] l:yltÆ ljifos k|ltj]bgsf] d:of}bf tof/

u/]sf] 5 .

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b08xLgtfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yf

tyf dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿;Fu ;'emfj

;+sngsf nflu @)^$ kmfu'g $ ut]

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ul/of ] . sfo{qmddf rlr{t

dfgjclwsf/sdL{ s[i0f kxf8L, sfg'g

dGqfnosf k|ltlglw jf;'b]j Gof}kfg],

g]kfn k|x/Lsf k|ltlglw k|x/L gfoj

pk/LIfs nfndl0f cfrfo{, sfg'gljbx¿

l6sf/fd e§/fO{, tLy{ a;f}nf, ;'/]Gb|

dxtf], g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsf s]Gb|Lo

;b:ox¿ /fhlszf]/ ofbj tyf gLtf uf}td lblIft,

dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf ;efklt k'?iff]Qd bfxfn,

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;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] g]kfnl:yt

sfof{nosf sfg'g clws[t /fh' rfkfufO{+, dfgjclwsf/

;+o'Qm d~rsf lbg]z lqkf7L, dfgjclwsf/ tyf k|hftflGqs

d~r kmf]l/8sf cWoIf jL/]Gb| yklnof, zflGtsf nflu ;femf

cleofgsf cWoIf ;'jf; bgf{n / g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsL

sfg'gL ;xfotf ;+of]hs zfGtf ;]9fO{+ nofotsf sfg'gljb

Pj+ dfgjclwsf/sdL{n] ljleGg ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfnL ;]gfn] sfo{Jo:ttfsf sf/0f pkl:yt x'g g;lsPsf]

hfgsf/L u/fpFb} d:of}bf k|ltj]bgpk/ lnlvt ;'emfj k7fPsf]

lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf sfo{bnsf ;+of]hs tyf jl/i7

sfg'gljb sfzL/fh bfxfnn] b08xLgtfnfO{ phf{ k|bfg

ug]{ k|s[ltsf g]kfn sfg'gdf ljBdfg s]xL k|fjwfgx¿sf]

rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . P=cfO{= g]kfnsf dxf;lrj rGb|

clwsf/Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf sfo{bnsf

;b:ox¿ gxs'n ;'j]bLn] d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf ;d]l6Psf

ljifoj:t'sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf P=cfO{= g]kfn /fli6«o sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿

uLtf Gof}kfg], zf/bf zdf{, s]zj l;Ub]n / ljqmd 9's'5'sf]

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;'/lIft ljBfno M

k|To]s aflnsfsf] clwsf/

• aflnsfx¿dfly ljBfnodf x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f

k|ltjGw u/f}F .

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agfcf}F .

• aflnsfx¿ lj?4 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ /f]Sg

sbd rfnf}F .

• lx+;fsf] ;fdgf u/]sf aflnsfx¿sf nflu cfjZos

;xof]uL ;]jfx¿ pknAw u/fcf}F .

• aflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfno hfg ;Sg] jftfj/0f agfcf}F .

• aflnsfx¿nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ x'gaf6 hf]ufcf}F .

PDg]:6LOG6/g];gn

dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]sf}+

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 3

o;}qmddf lrgLof gofF jif{sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ P=cfO{=

g]kfnn] @)^$ df3 @$ ut] sf7df8f}Fdf sfo{qmd

cfof]hgf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u¥of] . lrgLof gofF jif{sf]

;Gbe{ kf/]/ ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ ægofFjif{ kf]:6sf8{

PS;g tyf k|bz{gÆ gfd lbOPsf] lyof] . gofF jif{sf]

rLg M k|ltj4tf kfngf ul/of];\

cfufdL cu:6 dlxgfdf rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]OlhËdf lu|idsfnLg cf]nlDks v]ns'b x'g u}/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))* sf]

pQm cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] cfof]hs /fi6«sf] 5gf]6 ;g\ @))! df ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ @))* sf] cf]nlDks v]ns'b

cfof]hgf ug{ k|:tfj k]; ug]{ /fi6«x¿dWo]af6 cfof]hs /fi6« 5gf]6 ug]{ k|lqmofsf] qmddf rLg ;/sf/n] olb cfˆgf] b]z

;g\ @))* sf] cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] cfof]hs 5gf]6 ePdf To;cl3 g} rLgsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;sf/fTds

;'wf/ Nofpg] k|ltj4tf ljZj;fd' u/]sf] lyof] . t/ xfn;Ddklg p;n] u/]sf tL k|ltj4tfx¿ kfngf gePsf sf/0f rLg

;/sf/n] Tolta]nf u/]sf k|ltj4tfx¿ kfngf ug{ cfx\jfg ub}{ P=cfO{= n] cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} æa]Olhª\u cf]nlDks

cleofgÆ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

cleofgsf qmddf P=cfO{= n] rLgdf -!_ d[To'b08sf] pGd"ng, -@_ gful/sx¿nfO{ u}/sfg'gL lx/f;tdf /flvg]

k|rngsf] cGTo, -#_ dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iff, -$_ OG6/g]6 nufot ;~rf/If]qdf nufOPsf] aGb]hsf] cGTo ug{

cfx\jfg ub}{ bjfj l;h{gf ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] g]kfn zfvfn] klg a]Olhª\u cf]nlDks cleofg

cGtu{t ljleGg ultljlw ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

;f+s]lts ;Gb]zsf] ¿kdf To; kf]i6sf8{df lrgn] ljutdf

u/]sf] k|ltj4tf kfngf ug{ / vf;u/L ToxfF ljBdfg

d[To'b08sf] cGTo ug{ lrlgofF g];gn lkk'N; s+u|];sf

:yfoL ;ldlt cWoIf 8An' o' afË' (WU Banggou) nfO{

ul/Psf] cg'/f]w 5flkPsf] lyof] .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 4

sf7df8f}Fsf] dfOtL3/ d08nfdf hDdf ePsf P=cfO{=

;b:o, o'jf, ljBfyL{, k]zfsdL{, dfgjclwsf/jfbL / cGo

;j{;fwf/0fn] rLgdf d[To'b08 pGd"ng tyf ToxfF x'g]

u/]sf cGo k|s[ltsf dfgjclwsf/

pNn+3gsf] cGtosf] dfu ub}{ ljleGg

gf/fx¿ n ] lvPsf Knfsf8 { tyf

Aofg/;lxt Ps306f k|bz{g u/]sf

lyP . k|bz{gdf ;xefuL tyf cGo

;j{;fwf/0fn] ægofF jif{ kf]:6sf8{Æ df

x:tfIf/ ;d]t u/]sf lyP .

x:tfIfl/t kf]i6sf8{ ;f]xL lbg rLgsf]

/fhwfgL a]OlhËl:yt g];gn lkk'N;

s+u|];sf] cWoIfsf] sfof{nodf k|]lift ul/of]

. sfo{qmddf P=cfO{= g]kfnsf dxf;lrj

rGb|s'df/ clwsf/L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿

uLtf Gof}kfg], zf/bf zdf{, s]zj l;Ub]n,

ljqmd 9's'5', ;Nnfxsf/x¿ g'tg yklnof

tyf k|bLk kf]v/]n nufot ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L

tyf P=cfO{= ;b:o Pj+ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf P=cfO{=sf] o'y

g]6js{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

ef/tdf ljBdfg d[To'b08sf] k|fjwfg cGTosf] dfu

ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf nfu" cf}ifwsf] sf/f]jf/ jf wfld{s dfGotf ljk/Ltsf sfd ug]{ nufotsf ultljlwdf ;+nUg

JolQmnfO{ d[To'b08 lbg] kl/kf6L ljBdfg 5 . d[To'b08sf] k|fjwfg ePsf

b]zx¿df ljz]ifu/]/ xTofh:tf h3Go ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ To:tf]

b08 lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . t/ ;+;f/e/ k6sk6s ul/Psf sof}+ j}1flgs

cg';Gwfgn] d[To'b08 lb“b}df ck/fwdf sdL cfp“5 eGg] wf/0ffnfO{ unt

;fljt u/]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ xTof ug'{ ck/fw xf] eg], /fHon] ck/fwLnfO{

lbg] d[To'b08 klg t xTof xf] lg . To;}n] æolb xTof ug'{ ck/fw xf] eg]

/fHon] ug]{ xTof jf d[To'b08 klg t ck/fw} x'G5 lg .Æ km]l/ csf]{tkm{ x]g]{

xf] eg] d[To'b08sf] ;hfo gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DaGwL

cle;lGwsf] bf];|f] :j}lR5s k|f]6f]snsf] klg lvnfkmdf 5 cyf{t\ d[To'b08sf]

;hfo lbg' eg]sf] cG/tf{li6«o sfg'gsf] ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ xf] . o;f] eGb}df

h3Go ck/fw ug]{ ck/fwLnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ jf b08d'lQm x'g' k5{ eGg] klg

a'‰g' x'“b}g . cfk/flws ultljlw ug]{x¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 adf]lhdsf]

sfg'g lgdf{0f u/L lgikIf / kf/bzL{ ;'g'jfO{åf/f plrt sfg'gL ;hfo lbg'

kb{5 .

d[To'b08sf] sfg'g ljBdfg ePsf b]zx¿dWo] ef/t klg Ps xf] .

ljleGg ck/flws ultljlwdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ ef/tdf d[To'b08d[To'bG8sf] cGTosf] cfx\jfg ub}{

P=cfO{= n] tof/ u/]sf] kf]i6/

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 5

lbOg] ul/G5 . PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] ef/tdf ljBdfg d[To'b08sf] k|fjwfg cGTosf nflu nfdf] ;dob]lv sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf]

5 .

o;}qmddf P=cfO{= g]kfnn] klg ef/t ;DaGwL dfgjclwsf/sf] sfdnfO{ g]kfn zfvfsf] k|fylds sfdsf ¿kdf

/fv]sf] 5 . P=cfO{= g]kfnn] ug]{ ef/t ;DaGwL sfddf cGo ;jfnsf cnfjf d[To'b08sf] ;jfn klg /x]sf] 5 . P=cfO{=

g]kfnn / o; cGtu{tsf ;d"xx¿n] ef/tdf ljBdfg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo vf/]hLsf] nflu Toxf“sf clwsf/Lx¿sf]

Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg ljleGg ultljlw ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

hgsk'/df x:tfIf/ ;+sng

ef/tdf ljBdfg d[To'b08sf]

pGd"ngsf ] dfu ub} { n]lvPsf ]

cg'/f]wkqdf x:tfIf/ ;+sng ug{

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x %& hgsk'/n]

@)^$ k'; @# ut] Ps sfo{qmd

cfof]hgf u¥of] . pQm sfo{qmddf

;dfhsf ljleGg If]qsf JolQm,

a'l4hLjL, kqsf/ tyf ljBfyL{x¿n]

x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf

zDe' 7fs'/sf] pkl:yltdf cfof]lht To; sfo{qmddf

;d"x ;+of]hs Zofdafa' zfx, dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt

;dfhsf wg'iff lhNnf ;efklt ljhos'df/ 7fs'/, P=cfO{=

g]kfn hgsk'/ o'y g]6js{sf ;+of]hs gLn]; rGbg bf;

nufotsf P=cfO{= ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

bdsdf x:tfIf/ ;+sng

bdsl:yt P=cfO{= g]kfnsf] ;d"x &% / o'y g]6js{sf]

;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf @)^$ k'; @* ut] ef/tdf ljBdfg

d[To'b08sf] k|fjwfg cGTo ug{ cfXjfg ub}{ ef/tLo

clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ n]lvPsf] kqdf x:IffIf/ ;+sng ug{

Ps ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf

e]nf ePsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ P=cfO{= g]kfnsf

k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nLnf vgfn, g]kfn dfgjclwsf/

;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 8f= s]kL ;'j]bL, gful/s ;dfh

bdssf cWoIf sdn hËnL cfrfo{, df]8n SofDk;sf

k|d'v s[i0fk|;fb ltdl;gf, kqsf/ dgs'df/ ubfn, g]kfnL

sf+u|];sf g]tf kbd sf]O/fnf, bdsl:yt P=cfO{= g]kfn

;d"x ^) sf ;+of]hs z]ifs'df/ lg/f}nf, ;d"x &% sf

;+of]hs s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L, pk;+of]hs ejs[i0f vltj8f,

P=cfO{= ;b:o uf]ljGb s§]n, bds o'y g]6js{sL ;+of]hs

kNnjL e§/fO{ tyf ;b:o sdnf e08f/Ln] d[To'b08 /

o;n] kfg]{ c;/sf af/]df rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

:yfgLo bdsrf]sdf cfof]lht pQm x:tfIf/ cleofgdf

ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xnfO{ ToxfF ljBdfg

d[To'b08sf] k|fjwfg vf/]hLsf] cfXjfg ub}{ sk8fdf

n]lvPsf] cg'/f]wkqdf ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf

k|ltlglw, kqsf/, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ Pj+ ;j{;fwf/0f u/L

sl/j b'O{ xhf/ hgfn] x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;+slnt

x:tfIf/ g]kfnl:yt ef/tLo b'tfjf; dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL

8f= l;+xnfO{ k7fOPsf] lyof] .

olb tkfO{+ klg P=cfO{= sf] cleofgdf ;xefuL x'g jf

o;sf] ;b:o aGg rfxg'x'G5 eg] ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\ M

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfn

PDg]:6Ldfu{, a;Gtgu/

kf]:6 aS; g+= !#%, afnfh', sf7df8f}+ .

kmf]g $#^$&)^, $#^%$#!

Od]n info@amnestynepao.org

j]j;fO6 www.amnestynepao.org

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 6

aflnsfx?sf nflu ;'/lIft ljBfno ;DaGwL

;Gb]zd"ns af]8{PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fnfO{ æ;dfhsf] SofG;/Æ eGb} To;sf] cGTosf nflu ;g\ @))$ b]lv ljZjJofkL

¿kdf ædlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]sf}“Æ cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . cleofg cGtu{t P=cfO{= g]kfnn] klg ljleGg

sfo{qmdx¿ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

dlxnf clwsf/sf af/]df hgr]tgf hufpg] p2]Zon] P=cfO{= g]kfnn] ljleGg :yfgdf To; ;DaGwL ;Gb]zd"ns af]8{ /fVb}

cfPsf] 5 . To:tf af]8{ d"ntM w]/} ;+Vofsf gful/sx¿n] b]Vg]u/L ;fj{hlgs :yfgx¿df /flvg] ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf dfWodaf6

dlxnfclwsf/ ;DaGwdf P=cfO{=sf] wf/0ff / p;n] ;~rfng u/]sf cleofgsf af/]df hgdfg;df hfgsf/L x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

o;}aLr k/f;L / kf]v/fdf /x]sf P=cfO{= g]kfnsf ;d"xx¿n] tL :yfgdf P=cfO{= g]kfnaf6 pknAw u/fOPsf]

aflnsfx¿sf nflu ;'/lIft ljBfno ;DaGwL ;Gb]zd"ns af]8{ /fv]sf] vj/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

k/f;L

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf] ;d"x #! k/f;Ln] P=cfO{= g]kfnn]

pknAw u/fPsf] aflnsfx¿sf nflu ;'/lIft ljBfno

;DaGwL ;Gb]zd"ns af]8{ :yfgLo a'4rf]sdf :yfkgf ug{

@)^$ k'; @* ut] Ps ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf dxf;lrj rGb|s'df/ clwsf/Lsf] ljz]if

pkl:yltdf cfof]lht To; sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/sf]

;d;fdlos l:ylt tyf ljBfnonfO{ s;/L aflnsfx¿sf

nflu ;'/lIft agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf cGt/lqmof

;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .

cGt/lqmofdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf gjnk/f;L lhNnf

sfo{;ldlt ;b:o /fw]Zofd kf7s, g]skf Pdfn]sf sfo{no

;lrj ltns dxt, dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf ;'jf;

lu/L, P=cfO{= g]kfn k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf ;b:o wg h};L

zdf{, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf clws[t 7fs'/

rfkfufO{+, g]kfn h]l;;sf k"j{ sfo{sfl/0fL pkfWoIf

Zofds'df/ a:ofn, P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x @( sf ;+of]hs

dfwj g]kfn, :yfgLo lnl6n P~h]N; pRr dfWolds

ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn ;'dguf]kfn cfrfo{ nufotn] dGtJo

JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x ;lrj ;~ho zdf{n]

;~rfng ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj ;d"x

;+of]hs Zofd/fh l3ld/]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

kf]v/f

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf] ;d"x *@ kf]v/fn] klg P=cfO{=

g]kfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] aflnsfx¿sf nflu ;'/lIft

ljBfno ;DaGwL ;Gb]zd"ns af]8{ /fv]]sf] 5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 7

P=cfO{= hd{gLsf ;d"x ;+of]hssf] :jfut

P=cfO {= g]kfn ;d "x $#, ag]kfn] g]kfn e|d0fdf

/xg'ePsf P=cfO{= hd{gL cGtu{tsf] Do'lgs ;d"x @@@%

sf ;+of]hs 8f= xfG; a|'Sg/ (Hans Brukner) /

jxfFxL >LdtL ONs a|'Sg/ (Elke Brukner) sf] :jfutdf

@)^$ df3 !$ ut] Ps sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u¥of] .

sfo{qmddf 8f= a|'Sg/n] Do'lgs ;d"x @@@% / ag]kf

;d"x $# aLrsf] gofF ;DaGw ;'?cft ePsf] eGb} v'zL

JoQm ug'{eof] . ag]kf ;d"x $# sf] cy{;+sng ug]{

tl/sfk|lt k|efljt x'Fb} ;f] ;d"xn] tof/ u/]sf] P=cfO{=

sf] kLg hd{gLdf nuL ToxfF laqmL u/]/ cy{;+sng u/L

ag]kf ;d"xnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ s'/f atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf ag]kf ;d"x $# sf ;Nnfxsf/ /fh' ;/sf/,

;d"x ;+of]hs l;l4uf]kfn dfgGw/, k"j{;+of]hs pQd

dfgGw/, pk;+of]hs lx/f zdf{ g]kfn tyf ;lrj xl/ZrGb|

dfgGw/n] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;f]xL sfo{qmddf 8f= a|'Sg/n] ;d"x $# sf] k|sfzg

æPDg]:6L cleofgÆ sf] jif{ !), c+s ! sf] ljdf]rg

;d]t ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

nfnaGbLdf Ifdtf clej[l4 cGt/lqmof

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x &* nfnaGbLsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^$

k'; !$ ut] P=cfO{= cleofgdf o'jf ;b:ox¿sf] e"ldsf

ljifos Pslbg] cGt/lqmof cfof]hgf ul/of] . P=cfO{=

P=cfO{= ;d"xsf ljljw ultljlw

g]kfn o'y g]6js{sf s'n @! hgf o'jf ;b:osf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] pQm cGt/lqmofdf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o bLks/fh e08f/Ln]

;xefuLx¿n] /fv]sf] lh1f;fnfO{ k|:6\ofpg'ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf P=cfO{= g]kfnsf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'zLn

zdf{ tyf ;d"xsf ;Nnfxsf/ ;'/]Gb|s'df/ Gof}kfg]n] ;d]t

dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . dfwjk|;fb bfxfnn]

;~rfng ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj

;d"x ;+of]hs r]taxfb'/ du/n] ug'{ePsf]

lyof] . sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf k|ltlqmof JoQm

ub}{ ;/Ltf v8\sf, c~hgf n'Ë]nL, /fdb/];

rf}w/L / O{Zj/ ltdlN;gfn] ;f] sfo{qmd

cfkm}Fdf k|efjsf/L ePsf] atfpg'x'Fb} To:tf]

sfo{qmd cGo o'jfsf dfem k'¥ofpg' kg]{ /

sfo {qmdsf ] ;do a9fpg 'kg ] { s '/ f

atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

c3f{vf“rL lgdf{0fflwg ;d"xsf] pb\3f6g

@)^$ k'; @& ut] c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf

lhNnf GofofwLz / P=cfO{= g]kfnsf dxf;lrj rGb|s'df/

clwsf/Ln] P=cfO{= g]kfn c3f{vf“rL lgdf{0fflwg ;d"xsf]

;+o'Qm ¿kdf pb\3f6g ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L

Zofd l3ld/], lhNnfsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, k|x/L

lg/LIfs nufot ljleGg sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'vx¿n]

dfgjclwsf/sf ljljw ljifodf dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf]

lyof] .

To;}u/L sfo{qmddf P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x @* sf

;+of]hs s'~h/dl0f uf}td, c3f{vfFrL lgdf{0fflwg ;d"xsf

;+of]hs dfwj/fh uf}td ;d]tn] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf]

lyof] .

To;}lbg dxf;lrj clwsf/Ln] gofF :yfkgf ePsf]

lgdf{0fflwg ;d"xsf] sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{

P=cfO{= sf] ;+:yfut sfo{k|0ffnL tyf dfgjclwsf/sf

ljljw kIfsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 8

sf]xnk'/df ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu cg'lzIf0f

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x @^, sf]xnk'/n] afFs] lhNnfsf

ljleGg txsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu dfgjclwsf/ tyf

P=cfO{= ;DaGwL ljifodf hfgsf/Ld"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ug]{ nIo cg'¿k @)^$ k'; !$ ut] lhNnfsf] /em]gfl:yt

afn ljBfdlGb/ pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf Ps

cg'lzIf0fsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . dfWolds Pj+ pRr dfWolds

txdf cWoog/t $% hgf 5fq5fqfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

pQm cg'lzIf0fdf ;d"xsf k"j{;+of]hs ch'{g l;Ub]n tyf

pk;+of]hs lrqaxfb'/ dNnn] P=cfO{= / dfgjclwsf/sf

ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . To; cj;/df

ljBfnosf ;+:yfks pk]Gb| a'9fyf]sLsf] ;d]t pkl:ylt

/x]sf] s'/f ;d"x ;+of]hs lbg]z l;Ub]nn] hfgsf/L

u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .

kfNkfdf k|x/Lx¿sf nflu k|lzIf0f

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x @(, kfNkfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^$

df3 & ut] kfNkfsf] ;b/d'sfd tfg;]gdf k|x/Lx¿sf

nflu dfgjclwsf/ tyf b08xLgtfsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f

cfof]hgf ul/of] . k|lzIf0fsf] pb\3f6g kfNkf lhNnfsf

k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L zDe' l3ld/]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

To; cj;/df lhNnfsf k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs eLdk|;fb

9sfnsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

To;kl5 cfof]lht k|lzIf0fdf ;d"x ;+of]hs dfwj

g]kfnn] dfgjclwsf/ tyf b08xLgtfsf ljifodf hfgsf/L

u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ 5'6\6f5'6\6} ;qdf ljefhg ul/Psf]

pQm sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf v'nf cGt/lqmof ;d]t ul/Psf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnfdf sfo{/t !) hgf dlxnf

k|x/L ;lxt s'n ̂ @ hgf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

;d"x ^$, lrtjg;d"x ^$, lrtjg;d"x ^$, lrtjg;d"x ^$, lrtjg;d"x ^$, lrtjg

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x ^$, lrtjgsf] gjf}F jflif{s

;fwf/0f;ef @)^$ df3 @^ ut] ;DkGg eof] . k"j{

;f+;b tyf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g];gnsf lrtjg lhNnfzfvf

;efklt eLdaxfb'/ >]i7n] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] ;f]

;fwf/0f;efsf] klxnf] ;qdf /Tggu/ gu/kflnsfsf

k"j{ k|d'v gf/fo0f jg, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf dxf;ldlt ;b:o

lqnf]rg lgd{n kf}8]n, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ -

dfcf]jfbL_ sf k|ltlglw s[i0f ;fksf]6f, g]skf PsLs[tsf

;d"x ;fwf/0f;ef;d"x ;fwf/0f;ef;d"x ;fwf/0f;ef;d"x ;fwf/0f;ef;d"x ;fwf/0f;ef

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 9

/Tggu/ OsfO ;lrj sdnLsfGt l3ld/], g]kfn /]8qm;

;f];fO6L 6fF8L pkzfvfsf ;efklt ldq]Zj/ zdf{, P=cfO{=

g]kfn ;d"x ## gf/fo0fu9sf ;+of]hs xf]dgfy sF8]n,

lrtjg kf]:6 b}lgssf kqsf/ xf]dgfy ;fksf]6f,

cledtkq ;fKtflxssf kqsf/ cRo't wdnf, cfof]hs

;d"x ̂ $ sf ;b:o ;d/axfb'/ dNn nufotn] z'esfdgf

dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x ^$ sf ;lrj

wgk|;fb /]UdLn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] ;f] ;df/f]xsf]

;efkltTj ;d"xsf sfo{jfxs ;+of]hs tf]/0f/fh kf}8]nn]

ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkl5 cfof]lht aGb;qdf ;d"xsf

;lrjåf/f k|:t't ;g\ @))^–@))* sf] k|ltj]bg Pj+ ;g\

@))* sf nflu k|:tfljt sfo{qmd tyf sf]iffWoIfåf/f

k|:t't cfly{s k|ltj]bg kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] .

;f]xL ;fwf/0f;efn] /fdrGb| ld>sf] ;+of]hsTjdf

;d"xsf] !! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{;ldltdf dgf]hs'df/ cfrfo{ pk;+of]hs, wgk|;fb

/]UdL ;lrj / k|tfk 8Nnfsf]6L sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] 5 .

sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿df jL/]Gb|k|;fb rf}w/L, ljZjgfy

vgfn, zflns/fd zdf{, k"0f{k|;fb l/hfn, wd{/fh 8Nnfsf]6L,

;Ltf kGt tyf clDasf aufn] /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x $*, afun'ª;d"x $*, afun'ª;d"x $*, afun'ª;d"x $*, afun'ª;d"x $*, afun'ª

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x $*, afun'ªsf] ;d"x sfo{;ldltdf

/x]sf lqmofzLn kbflwsf/L Pj+ cGo ;lqmo ;b:o ;lxt

@)^$ kmfu'g # ut] a;]sf] a}7sn] ;d"x sfo{;ldltsf]

k'gu{7g u/]sf] 5 . oyfzSo l56f] ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;ef

u/fpg] k|d'v p2]Zon] k'gu{l7t pQm sfo{;ldltdf

hLjnfn v/]n ;+of]hs /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] bLlnk kf}8]n

pk;+of]hs, ljsf; kf}8]n ;lrj, x]d/fh zdf{ ;x;lrj

/ ;/:jtL v/]n sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] 5 . sfo{;ldlt

;b:ox¿df k|tfk kf}8]n, ljqmdaxfb'/ vqL, xl/x/ zdf{

tyf dldtf k'g /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x #@, sf7df8f}“sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^$

df3 % ut] ;DkGg eof] . P=cfO{= g]kfnsf sfo{jfxs

;efklt w|'js'df/ sfsL{ k|d'v cltly tyf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o

ljqmd 9's'5' ljz]if cltly /xg'ePsf] pQm ;fwf/0f;efdf

;d"xsL sf]iffWoIf lji0f' cof{nn] ;d"xsf] cfoJoo ljj/0f

/ k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f;esf]

;efkltTj ;d"x ;+of]hs lah'nf 8Nnfsf]6Ln] ug'{ePsf]

lyof] .

;f]xL ;fwf/0f;efn] k/z'/fd Gof}kfg]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf

( ;b:oLo gofF sfo{;ldltsf] ;j{;Ddltn] rog u/]sf]

5 . sfo{;ldltdf e'jg]Zj/ kGt pk;+of]hs, k|jL0f

cu|jfn ;lrj / v]daxfb'/ e§/fO{ sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf]

5 . sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿df g'tgk|;fb kf]v/]n, ;Gtf]if

cf]emf, lji0f' cof{n tyf lgd{nf sF8]n /xg'ePsf] 5 eg]

Pshgf dlxnf ;b:osf] lgo'lQmsf nflu ;fwf/0f;efn]

sfo{;ldltnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] 5 . ;d"xsf]

;Nnfxsf/df lah'nf 8Nnfsf]6L /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;fwf/0f;efsf] cGTodf k"j{;+of]hs lah'nf 8Nnfsf]6Ln]

gjlgjf{lrt ;+of]hs k/z'/fd Gof}kfg]nfO{ P=cfO{= sf]

k|tLs lrGx ;d]t /x]sf] aln/x]sf] d}gaQL x:tfGt/0f

u/]/ sfo{ef/ ;'Dkg'ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x %^, eQmk'/;d"x %^, eQmk'/;d"x %^, eQmk'/;d"x %^, eQmk'/;d"x %^, eQmk'/

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x %^, eQmk'/sf] b;f}F ;fwf/0f;ef

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljqmd 9's'5'sf] k|d'v

cfltYotfdf @)^$ df3 % ut] ;DkGg eof] .

;fwf/0f;efdf ;d"xsf ;lrj zf}e >]i7n] jflif{s k|ltj]bg

/ ;d"x ;+of]hs /fwfs[i0f e08f/Ln] cfly{s k|ltj]bg

k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;+of]hs /fwfs[i0f e08f/Lsf]

;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm ;fwf/0f;efdf eQmk'/l:yt

P=cfO{= g]kfn, ;d"x !& sf ;lrj ;To Tjfogfn] ;d]t

dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 10

;f]xL ;fwf/0f;efn] /fdeQm ;'jfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf

* ;b:oLo sfo{;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltdf

zf}e >]i7 pk;+of]hs, bLk]Gb| /l~ht ;lrj, lgTogf/fo0f

k|hfktL ;x;lrj / Clife"if0f rf}w/L sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf]

5 . sfo{;ldlt ;b:ox¿df ;Gr1fg ofsfdL, /fh]Gb|

sf]h" / ;'lgtf Gx]Dxfkm'sL /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x $, t]x«y'd;d"x $, t]x«y'd;d"x $, t]x«y'd;d"x $, t]x«y'd;d"x $, t]x«y'd

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x $, t]x«y'dn] @)^$ k'; !! ut]

cfˆgf] !!cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf t]x«y'd lhNnf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o 6]saxfb'/

sfsL{ k|d'v cltly /xg'ePsf] ;f] ;fwf/0f;efsf]

pb\3f6g;qdf :yfgLo j'l4hLjL / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf

k|ltlglwx¿n] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

pb\3f6g;qkl5 cfof]lht cfof]lht aGb;qdf ;d"xsf

;lrj pdfsfGt rDnfufO{ / sf]iffWoIf ljgf]b Gof}kfg]n]

k|:t't ug'{ePsf] qmdzM ;d"x ultljljwsf] k|ltj]bg /

cfly{s k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] .

;fwf/0f;efn] cfufdL @ jif{sf nflu jL/]Gb|axfb'/

sGbËjfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{;ldltdf k|sfz k/fh'nL pk;+of]hs, pdfsfGt rDnfufO{F

;lrj / /fdk|;fb 7fs'/ sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;b:ox¿df

ljgf]b Gof}kfg], b]jLdfof e'h]n / /ljs'df/ yklnof /xg'ePsf]

5 . ;fwf/0f;efsf] sfo{qmd ;d"x ;+of]hs jL/]Gb|axfb'/

sGbËjfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x *!, e}/xjf;d"x *!, e}/xjf;d"x *!, e}/xjf;d"x *!, e}/xjf;d"x *!, e}/xjf

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x *!, e}/xjfsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^$

k'; !^ ut] ;DkGg eof] . k|f]km];/ /fhaxfb'/ l;+x k|d'v

cltly /xg'ePsf] ;f] ;fwf/0f;efdf ;d"x ;lrj k|sfz

e§n] ;d"xsf] sfo{k|ltj]bg tyf sf]iffWoIf dfwj/fh

/]UdLn] cfly{s k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; cj;/df

;d"xsf k"j{ ;+of]hs ;'wfs/ 1jfnL, e}/xjf k|sfzg

k|f=ln=sf cWoIf Pj+ P=cfO{= ;b:o /fd cjw u'Ktf tyf

k|d'v cltly k|f]km];/ /fhaxfb'/ l;+xn] dGtJo JoQm

ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;f]xL ;fwf/0f;efn] lszf]/s'df/ hf]zLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf

!! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{;ldltdf >L/fd u'Ktf pk;+of]hs, /fdnvg h};jfn

;lrj / a]naxfb'/ u'?Ë sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] 5 .

sfo{;ldlt ;b:ox¿df k|f ]km];/ /fhaxfb'/ l;+x,

lktfDa/nfn >Ljf:tj, /fh]Gb|s'df/ u'Ktf, uLtf >Ljf:tj,

lx/f v8\sf, zld{nf ;'gf/ / k|sfz e§ /xg'ePsf] 5 eg]

;Nnfxsf/x¿df /fdcjw u'Ktf, /d]zs'df/ zdf{,

dfwj/fh /]UdL, ;'wfs/ 1jfnL / nId0f j}bjf/ If]qL

/xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x #!, k/f;L;d"x #!, k/f;L;d"x #!, k/f;L;d"x #!, k/f;L;d"x #!, k/f;L

P=cfO{= g]kfn ;d"x #!, k/f;Lsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^$

k'; @^ sf lbg P=cfO{= g]kfn k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf ;b:o

wg zdf{sf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg eof] .

;fwf/0f;efn] Zofd/fh l3ld/]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF

sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltdf nId0fk|;fb

ofbj, ;~ho zdf{ tyf ls/0f vgfn qmdzM pk;+of]hs,

;lrj / sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;b:ox¿df c?0ff]bo

pkfWofo, afa'rGb| cfrfo{ / v]dnfn zdf{ /xg'ePsf] 5

eg] sfo{;ldltsf] ;Nnfxsf/df wg h};L zdf{, s}nfz

7fs'/ / hgs/fh 9'Ëfgf /xg'ePsf] 5 .

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf] !^cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef

r}t @ / # ut] x'g]

P=cfO{= g]kfnsf] !^cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef @)^$ r}t @ / # ut] sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] ePsf]

5 . o;cl3 pQm ;ef @)^$ df3 !! / !@ ut] cfof]hgf ug{sf nflu tof/L ;d]t ;DkGg

ePsf]df t/fO{df ;~rflnt cfGbf]ng / x8\tfnsf sf/0f :ylut ul/Psf] lyof] .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 11

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] @))* a]Olhª cf]nlDks

cleofgdf ;DaGwL kl /ro

a]Olh· cf]nlDkS;\sf] lj/f;t –rLgsf] /f]hfO{

pgfglt;f}+ cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf nflu a]OlhË

cfltYo ;x/sf] ¿kdf ;g\ @))!sf] h'nfO{ !#df 5gf}6

ePsf] xf]] . cfpFbf] ;g\ @))* cu:6df x'g] a]OlhË

cf]nlDkS;\sf nflu lrgLof ;/sf/n] dfgj clwsf/sf]

Pp6f lbuf] tyf ;sf/fTds lj/f;tsf] l;h{gf ug'{kg]{

dfu ub}{ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn] cfk\mgf] cleofgsf] yfngL

;g\ @))%sf] cu:6df 'The Olympic Countdown-three

years of human rights reform?' sf] k|sfzgsf;fy u/]sf]

lyof] . To; kZrft o; ;+:yfn] dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf

rLgn] u/]sf] k|ult;DaGwL yk tLg j6f k|ltj]bgx¿

k|sflzt ul/;s]sf] 5 . ca cf]nlDkS;\ v]ns'bsf]

k"j{;GWofdf xfdLn] s]xL lj:t[t cGt/f{li6«o cleofgx¿

;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5, cfzf 5 tkfO{+x¿ klg o;

cleofgdf xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg'x'g]5 Û c f ] n l D k S ; \

v]ns'bn] ;~rf/ dfWod / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 7"nf] Wofg

cfs[i6 ug]{ ePsf]x'gfn] rLgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;'wf/sf

nflu xfd|f] k|of;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg Pp6f /fd|f] cj;/

k|fKt 5 . lrlgof ;/sf/n] cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] ;Gb]znfO{

rLgsf] cfly{s ljsf;, cfw'lgsLs/0f, / ;fF:s[lts

;Dkbfdfly ;Lldt ug]{ k|of; u/]tfklg PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn]

rLgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ phfu/

ug]{5 . o; a[xt v]ns'bnfO{ xfdL cf]nlDkS;\ kZrft x'g]

;Defljt kl/l:yltx¿dfly Wofg lbg] tkm{ k|of]u ug]{5f}+ .

s] cf]nlDkS;\ v]ns'bsf] lj/f;t ;bf em}+ ;sf/fTds

x'guO{ ;an zflGt ;'/Iff, a9\bf] kf/bzL{tf / dfgj

clwsf/sf nflu a9\bf] ;Ddfg x'g]5 <

rLgsf] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfk|lt PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gnsf] ulx/f] rf;f] /x]sf] 5 / o; cleofgdf

ljz]ifu/L lgDg s'/fx¿;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt

If]qx¿dfly cleofg s]lGb«t x'g]5 M

� cf]nlDkS;\sf nflu tof/Lx¿ –h:t} v]ns'bsf nflu

hah{:tL a:tL vfnL u/fpg],

� cf]nlDkS;\sf] a8fkqsf] k|d'v l;4fGtx¿, /

� dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg .

;g\ @))!df lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿n] u/]sf

jfrfx¿ / To;;DaGwdf xfn;Dd ePsf sfdx¿ .

o;}u/L PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] lgDg rf/ k|d'v

If]qx¿df 7f]; ;'wf/sf nflu bjfj lbg ljZjJofkL

¿kdf xhf/f}+ gfu/Lsx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{5 M

!_ d[To'b08,

@_ ;'g'jfO ljgf u}/GofoLs y'gf

#_ dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿, /

$_ ;+rf/If]qdfly cGofok"0f{ lgoGq0f .

cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks ;ldlt -cfOcf];L_sf

cg';f/ cfw'lgs cf]nlDks cfGbf]ngsf] nIo æs'g} klg

k|sf/sf] e]befj ljgf cEof; ul/Psf] v]ns'bsf]

dfWodaf6 / cf]nlDks efjgfsf;fy o'jfx¿nfO{ lzlIft

ub}{ Pp6f zfGtk""0f{ / /fd|f] ljZjsf] lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg

k'¥ofpg'Æ xf] . cf]nlDks cfGbf]ngsf] l;4fGt cf]nlDks

j8fkqsf ¿kdf /x]sf] The Fundamental Principles

of Olympism df :ki6 pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL l;4fGtx¿n]

cf]nlDks efjgfdf æljZjJofkL cfwf/e"t g}lts

l;4fGtx¿Æ / ædfgj cfbz{sf] ;+/If0fÆsf] dxTjdfly

hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .

a]OlhË cf]lnDks v]ns'bsf] cfltYo ;x/sf]

¿kdf 5gf}6 x'Fbf, cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks ;ldltsf]

d'Nofª\sg cfof]un], æa]OlhËdf x'g] cf]nlDkS;\n] rLg /

v]ns'bdf Pp6f cl4lto lj/f;t 5f]8\g]5Æ eg]sf] lyof] .

5gf}6 k|lqmofsf s|ddf lrlgofF clwsf/Lx¿n] cf]nlDks

v]ns'bnfO{ dfgj clwsf/;Fu k6sk6s hf]8\b} cf]lnDkssf]

tof/L;Fu} rLgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/

cfpg] cfZjf;g lbPsf lyP . o;} s'/fnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 12

cf]nlDks ;ldltn] klg p7fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;ldltn]

cf]lnDkS;\ cl3 rLgsf] dfgj clwsf/ l:yltsf] cg'udg

/ To;sf] l/kf]6{ ug]{ e"ldsf PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnh:tf

dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gx¿sf] xf] klg eg]sf] 5 . / olb

rLgsf] dfgj clwsf/ l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf /

cf]nlDkS;\ v]ns'bsf] cjd'Nog u/]df, cGt/fli6«o ;ldltn]

sbd rfNg]5 .

lrlgofF clwsf/L / cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks

;ldltnfO{ oL egfOk|lt PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] hjfkmb]xL

agfpg]5 .

o; ;DaGwdf tkfO{+n] klg ljleGg lgDg sbdx¿

rfNg ;Sg'x'G5

� cleofgsf pb]Zox¿ / dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf]

b'b{zfsf af/]df lrlgofF clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg

ub}{ kf]:6sf8{ / oflrsfx¿ k7fpg],

� rLgdf dfgj clwsf/sf af/]df ;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L

n]Vg] / kqklqsf tyf cGo k|sfzgx¿df ljrf/ n]v k7fpg], /

� tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfonfO{ lzlIft agfpg / ;~rf/

dfWodsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ ;fj{hlgs sfo{s|dx¿sf]

cfof]hgf ug]{ .

;a}nfO{ cfk\mgf sfo{s|dx¿sf] tl:j/ jf lel8of] tof/

ug{ cfu|x ul/G5 h;af6 xfdLn] To;nfO{ l8lel8df

;+u|x ul/ cleofgsf nIox¿;Dd k'¥ofpFb} xfd|f]

cleofgsf ] ljZjJofkL kx ' Fr / rLgsf ] dfgj

clwsf/;DaGwL Jofks rf;f]nfO{ k|blz{t ug{;lsof];\ .

o;} ;dodf PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] cGt/f{li6«o

;lrjfno / 7"nf] ;+Vofdf o;sf zfvf tyf ;+/rgfx¿n]

klg lrlgofF clwsf/L, cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks ;ldlt, /fli6«o

cf]nlDks ;ldltx¿, /fli6«o ;/sf/x¿ / cf]nlDkS;\sf

s]xL Jofj;flos k|fof]hsx¿nfO{ nlIot ug]{5g\ .

ljleGg kfqx¿nfO{ Ps}k6s / ljZjJofkL ¿kdf

nlIot ug]{ o; ;j{kIfLo /0fgLltn] xfd|f] sfdsf] k|efj

sfl/tfnfO{ pRrtd agfpg] sfd ug]{5 .

;g\ @))*sf] cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] cfof]hgf

ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ePdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf

;'wf/ Nofpg] elg u/]sf] jfrfnfO{ k"/f ug]{ lrlgofF

clwsf/Lx¿ ;dIf Pp6f pQd cj;/ 5 . k|fylds

bfloTj lrlgofF clwsf/Lx¿sf] /x]tfklg dfgj clwsf/sf]

ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq cGtu{t cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks

;ldltsf] klg bfloTj 5, h;df dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg

k|j4{g\ ug'{ ;dfhsf k|To]s JolSt / c+usf] bfloTj xf]

elg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / kfngf

cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] Pp6f ;sf/fTds lj/f;t /x]sf]

kl/k|]Ifdf rLgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfpg

g;s]df cf]nlDksnfO{ ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0faf6 gx]l/g'sf

;fy} rLgsf] kl/ro cfk\mgf gful/sx¿sf] bdg ug]{

Pp6f b]zsf] ¿kdf /lx/xg]5 .

d[To'b08 aGb u/ .

ljZjdf d[To'b08sf] k|of]u ug]{ b]zx¿df rLg cu|:yfgdf

5 .

k|To]s jif{ lbOg] d[To'b08sf] ;xL ;+Vof c1ft

5 . d[To'b08 lbOPsf] ;DaGwL cflwsfl/s ;+VofnfO{

/fHosf] uf]Kotfsf ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gnsf] cg'dfgdf ;g\ @))&df rLgdf slDtdf

klg Ps xhf/ !) hgfnfO{ d[To'b08 lbOPsf] / @ xhf/

& ;o ()nfO{ d'To'b08sf] ;hfo ePsf] lyof] . of]

ljZjel/ l/kf]6{ ul/Psf] d[To'b08 lbOPsf] s'n ;+Vofsf]

^# k|ltzt xf] .

lrlgof kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf k|fWofks lnp /]gj]gn]

;g\ @))^sf] ;'?df u/]sf] Ps cg'dfgdf rLgdf aflif{s

* xhf/ hgfnfO{ d[To'b08 lbOg] ul/G5 .

lrlgof ;f]|taf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf cfwf/df

cd]l/sfdf cjl:yt l8p x'jf k|lti7fgn] ;g\ @))^df

rLgdf & xhf/ % ;o b]vL * xhf/ hgfnfO{ d'To'b08

lbOPsf] cg'dfg ub{5 .

rLgdf nueu ^* j6f ck/fwsf nflu

d[To'b08sf] ;hfo x'g;S5 h;df s/ 5n]sf], e|i6frf/

u/]sf], 3'if lnPsf] h:tf u}/lx+;fhGo ck/fw / nfu"

cf}ifw;DaGwL s]xL ck/fwx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] s] cfu|x ul//x]sf] 5

eg] lrlgofF ;/sf/n] d[To'b08;DaGwL Joj:yf / d[To'b08

lbOPsf ;a} /fli6«o tYofÍ k|sflzt ug'{kb{5 . d[To'b08sf]

;hfonfO{ pRr Gofonon] k'gM;dLIff ug]{ Joj:yfaf6

d[To'b08df jf:tjd} sdL cfPsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ :jtGq

¿kdf hfFr ug{ ;Dej x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} k"0f{ pGd"ngsf

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 13

nflu d[To'b08 lbOPsf] xfnsf] ;+Vofdf lgs} sd

ul/g'kb{5 .

b]zdf kfl/t ;a} d[To'b08 ;hfosf] ;jf]{Rr

hgcbfntaf6 k'gd'{Nofª\sgsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;g\ @))&sf]

hgj/L !df k'g:yflkt u/]/ rLgn] cfk\mgf] d[To'b08

k|0ffnLdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/ u/]sf] 5 . ca lrlgof

clwsf/Lx¿n] o;} ;'wf/nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ /

To;;DaGwdf cem a9L kf/blz{tf Nofpg bf]ifLsf kl/jf/

/ jlsnnfO{ bf]ifL tyf d'2f;DaGwL ;"rgfdf kx'Fr k|bfg

ug'{sf ;fy} d[To'b08;DaGwL tYofÍnfO{ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf

;fj{hlgs ul/g'kb{5 . k"0f{ pGd"ng x'g' cl3 d[To'b08sf]

bfo/f sd ug{ lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn

cfXjfg ub{5 .

lrlgof sfg'g lj1x¿n] ;jf]{Rr hgcbfntaf6

;dLIffsf] k|fjwfgn] rLgdf d[To'b08 lbOg] ;+Vofdf @)

b]vL #) k|ltzt;Dd sld cfpg] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\

@))&sf] h'g dlxgfdf ;jf]{Rr hgcbfntsf Ps

clwsf/Ln] d[To'b08 lbOPsf] ;+Vofdf !) k|ltztn] sdL

cfPsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . tyflk PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf]

wf/0ffdf rLgdf d[To'b08;DaGwL ;'wf/sf] k"0f{ tyf

;';"lrt ljZn]if0f ;xh agfpg] ;a}eGbf pQmd pkfo

k"0f{ tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs ug'{ xf] .

;g\ @))&sf] km]a|'j/Ldf jfË em]gbf]ËnfO{ #

ca{ o'ofg a/fa/sf] sldnf k|hgg\ ug]{ cfˆgf]

Joj;fodf nufgLstf{x¿nfO{ 8'afPsf]df d[To'b08sf]

;hfo ;'gfOof] .

;g\ @))&sf] h'nfOdf rLgsf] /fHo vfB tyf cf}ifwL

Joj:yfkg ljefusf k"j{ k|d'v h]Ë lhofpnfO{ 3'if

lnPsf] / kb b'?kof]u u/]sf]df d[To'b08 lbOof] .

;g\ @))&sf] d] ! df rLgsf pk :jf:YodGqLn]

rLgdf x'g] ax';+Vos cË k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu d[To'b08

lbOPsf] s}bLx¿sf] k|of]u ul/g] s'/f l:jsf/ u/]sf

lyP .

;a}sf nflu lg:kIf ;'g'jfO Ûcf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] cfof]hgf ug{ 5gf}6

ePkZrft lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿n] dfgj clwsf/sf]l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] jfrf u/]tfklg a]OlhËdf

cf]nlDkS;\sf] cfltYonfO{ k|x/Ln] b'Jo{jxf/hGo k|sf/sf

k|zf;lgs y'gfsf] k|of]u nfO{ a9fpg] axfgfsf] ¿kdf

k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . ljgf cf/f]k, ;g'jfO{ jf sfg'gL k'g/fj]bg

ljgf k|x/L4f/f nfu" ul/Psf] o; k|sf/sf b08fTds,

k|zf;lgs y'gfn] lgikIf k'/kIfsf cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfx¿sf]

pNnª\3g ub{5g\ .

w]/} nfdf] ;do b]vL PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn]

lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ >dsf] dfWodaf6 k'glzIff /

cGo k|sf/sf b08fTds k|zf;lgs y'gfnfO{ pGd"ng ug{

cfXjfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . pGd"ng x'g' cl3 clwsf/Lx¿n]

a]OlhËsf k|x/Ln] cf]nlDkS;\sf] tof/Lsf s|ddf /

cf]nlDks v]ns'b ;~rfng x'g] lbgdf ;x/nfO{ ;kmf

ug]{ Pp6f dfWodsf] ¿kdf ljgf ;'g'jfO{ To; k|sf/sf]

y'gfsf] cjnDag gu/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ tTsfn sbd

rfNg'kb{5 .

>dsf] dfWodaf6 k'gMlzIff rLgdf ;fdfGo

bf]if u/]sf t/ sfg'gL ¿kdf ck/fwL g7xl/g]

JolStx¿nfO{ lbOg] Pp6f ;hfosf] ¿kdf ;g\ !(%) sf]

dWo b]lv g} k|of]u x'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ Ps k6s

Pp6f ;/sf/L sfg'gL klqsfdf ck/fw / uNtLaLr kg]{

sfo{sf nflu lbOg] ;hfosf ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf]

lyof] . ljBdfg k|0ffnL cGtu{t s'g} klg JolStnfO{ >dsf]

dfWodaf6 k'gMlzIff s]Gb«df tLg jif{;Ddsf nflu y'gfdf

/fVg ;lsG5 / of] cjlwnfO{ cfjZos k/]df Ps jif{;Dd

a9fpg ;lsG5 .

>dsf] dfWodaf6 k'gMlzIff cltl/Qm lrlgofF

clwsf/Lx¿n] cGo b'O{ k|sf/sf b08fTds y'gfsf] k|of]u

ug]{ ub{5g\ . y'gf / lzIff cGtu{t of}gsdL{ / tLgsf

u|fxsx¿nfO{ ^ dlxgf b]vL @ jif{;Ddsf] y'gfdf /fVg

k|of]u ul/G5 .

;g\ @))&sf] km]a|'j/Ldf a]OlhË ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff

ljefun] cfpFbf] jif{df k|x/Ln] nfu" cf}ifw lj¿4sf] cfk\mgf]

sfo{s|dnfO{ ;fj{hlgs dgf]/~hg :ynaf6 JolStut

k|of]ustf{dfly nlIot ug]{ / nfu" cf}ifw k|of]ustf{sf]

cfz+sfdf ^ dlxgfaf6 Ps jif{;Dd a9fpg] atfPsf]

5 . o; sbdaf6 k|x/Ln] cf]nlDkS;\nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/hGo

k|zf;lgs y'gfsf] k|of]u a9fpg] Pp6f dfWodsf] ¿kdf

k|of]u ug]{ eGg] tkm{ lrGtf a9fPsf] 5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 14

rLgdf >dsf] dfWodaf6 k'gMlzIff cGtu{t

nfvf}+nfO{ y'gfdf /flvPsf] ljZjf; ul/G5, h;dWo] w]/}sf] cj:yf

bogLo /x]sf] atfOG5 . oLgdf ;fgf ck/fwL, ;/sf/

sf cfnf]rs jf k|ltalGwt cf:yfdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿

/x]sf 5g\ .

>dsf] dfWodaf6 k'gMlzIff cGt{ut y'gfdf /

xg]x¿nfO{ h]ndf x'g] clgjfo{ >d æk'gMlzIffÆsf]

gfddf 306f}+ sfddf nufOG5 .

rLgn] k|of]u ug]{ k|zf;lgs y'gf gful/s tyf

/fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGbsf] lj¿4

xf], h;n] lg:kIf ;'g'jfOsf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf

lbg'sf;fy} anhk\mtL jf clgjfo{ >dnfO{ k|ltalGwt

u/]sf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5, rLgn] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts

clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGbdf x:tfIf/ ul/

;s]sf] / To;nfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ OR5f klg hfx]/ ul/

;s]sf] 5 .

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg u/ Ûcfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gx¿k|lt

Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ / b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t ePsfx¿nfO{

Ifltk"lt lbnfpg ljZje/L dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿

cfjZos 5g\ . of ] e"ldsfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/

/Ifsx¿;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkqdf :yflkt

ul/Psf] 5, h;n] dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf zflGtk"0f{

lqmofsnfkx¿sf nflu ljz]if ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"t ug'{

/fHox¿sf] bfloTj xf] eGg] s'/fdfly hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] lrlgofF clwsf/Lx¿nfO{

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] :j]R5frf/L y'gf / pgLx¿nfO{

wDsL jf cgfjZos b'Mv lbg] sfo{ aGb ug{ / y'gfdf

/x]sfx¿nfO{ d'Qm ug{ cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm

clwsf/Lx¿n] j}wflgs rf;f]sf ljifox¿nfO{ ljgf s'g}

8/ ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;~rf/dfWod;lxt ;a} dfgj clwsf/

/Ifs tyf sfo{stf{x¿ :jtGq /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .

rLgdf dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gx¿sf] l/kf]6{

ug]{ / /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf gLltx¿nfO{

r'gf}tL lbg] jf cGonfO{ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/k|lt ;r]t

u/fpg] k|of; ug]{ JolStx¿n] b'Jo{jxf/sf] uDeL/ vt/fsf]

;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cf]nlDks v]ns'b glhlsFb} cfO/x]sf]

kl/k|]Ifdf a]OlhËdf sfo{/t w]/} dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿n]

cgfjZos b'Mv si6sf] ;fdgf ug'{sf;fy} pgLx¿dfly

lgu/fgL klg a9fOPsf] 5 . o;}aLr cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf]

k"j{;GWofdf ;a}sf] Wofg a]OlhËdfly uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf

rLgsf cGo efudf klg dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿dfly

b'Joj{xf/ x'g] qmd a9L/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] cfof]hgf ug{ a]OlhË 5gf}6

ePotf lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿n] kmf}hbf/L sfg'gdf ;'wf/

Nofpg] jf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ y'gfdf /fVg

k|of]u ul/g] …ljb«f]x k|f]T;flxt u/]sf]Ú jf …/fHosf] uf]Ko

s'/f b]z aflx/ k'¥ofPsf]Ú h:tf k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ x6fpg]

tkm{ s'g} sbd rfn]sf 5}gg\ . oL k|fjwfgx¿sf] k|of]un]

gfu/Lsx?sf] cleJolSt, ;+ul7t x'g] / ;ef ug{ kfpg]

:jtGqtfsf] pNnª\3g xf] .

w]/} dfgj clwsf/jfbL– x¿nfO{ /fhg}lts ¿kdf

k|]l/t ;'g'jfO{ kZrft cf:yfsf aGbLsf] ¿kdf y'gfdf

/flvPsf] 5 eg] lg/Gt/ k|x/L lgu/fgL / kx/fsf] dfWodaf6

w]/}nfO{ cfk\mgf] 3/df s}b ul/g] s|d a9\bf] 5 .

rLgdf o; k|sf/sf k|x/L lgoGq0f, lgu/fgL /

:j]R5frf/L y'gfsf] k|of]u ljz]if cj;/x¿df a9\g] u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . To;}sf/0f, ;g\ @))*df x'g] cf]nlDkS;\sf]

;dodf klg lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿n] o:t} sbd rfNg]

;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/jfbL jf ;fdflhs

sfo{stf{nfO{ k|x/L sfof{no jf cfk\mg} 3/ leq ljgf s'g}

cf/f]k s}b ug'{ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g xf] .

ha{h:tL a:tL vfnL u/fpg] sfo{ rLgdf Pp6f

b]zJofkL d'2f ag]sf] 5 t/ of] cf]nlDkS;\sf] tof/L;Fu

klg lgs} ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . a]OlhËsf w]/} :yfgx¿df

ljleGg kl/jf/x¿ hdLg sAhfnfO{ lnP/ / cfk\mgf]

;DklQsf] abnfdf plrt Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug]{ s|ddf lrlgof

clwsf/Lx¿;Fu ;+3if{/t 5g\ . s]xL afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ lj/f]w

k|bz{g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 .

;g\ @))$sf] dfr{df rLgn] cfk\mgf] ;+ljwfgdf

cg'df]bg ul/, æ/fHon] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg /

;/If0f ub{5Æ eGg] bkmf ;dfj]z u/]sf] lyof] .

rLgsf ] ;fj {hlgs ;'/Iff;DaGwL dGqfnon]

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 15

hgfPcg';f/ ;g\ @))%df b]zdf *& xhf/ lj/f]w,

k|bz{g / cGo ;fj{hlgs aGbsf 36gf ePsf lyP,

h'g ;+Vof ;g\ @))$sf] eGbf ^=^ k|ltztn] / ;g\

@))#sf] eGbf %) k|ltztn] a9L xf] .

a]OlhËdf ;g\ @))&sf] dfr{ % b]vL !^;Dd

;DkGg ePsf] rLgsf] Joj:yflksf, g];gn lkkN;\

sfFu|];sf] aflif{s j}7s cl3 / j}7ssf] s|ddf @

xhf/eGbf a9L lgj]bs tyf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ kqmfp

ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 .

k|Voft jlsn df] ;fcf]lkËsf cg';f/ rLgdf

z+sf:kb cf/f]kLx? dWo] s]jn #) k|ltztn] dfq

jlsnsf] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ .

rLgsf] k//fi6« dGqfnosf k|jQmfsf cg';f/

cf]nlDks v]ns'bsf] tof/Ldf ;g\ @))@ / @))&

aLr ̂ xhf/ kl/jf/x¿nfO{ lj:yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . t/

o;;DaGwL u}/;/sf/L tYofËn] lgs} a9L b]vfpF5,

tyflk cfk\mgf 3/af6 hah{:tL vfnL u/fOPsf]

JolStx¿sf] ;xL tYofË kfpg Hofb} sl7g 5 .

cGofok"0f{ ;]G;/ aGb u/ Ûæ;~rf/sdL{x¿ rLgdf cfpFbf xfdL pgLx¿nfO{

;dfrf/ ;+sng tyf ;Dk|]if0f ug{ k"0f{ :jtGqtf k|bfg

ug]{5f}Æ .

of] egfO{ ;g\ @))!df rfOgf b}lgs klqsfdf

k|sflzt a]OlhË cf]nlDks bfjL ;ldltsf dxf;lrj,

jfË j]Osf] xf] .

tyflk ljb]zL kqsf/x¿sf nflu xfn}sf] s]xL

/fxtsf afjh'b k"0f{ ;~rf/ :jtGqtf lbg] rLgsf]

k|lta4tfsf lj¿4 kqsf/, kqklqsf / j]a;fO6x¿dfly

x:tIf]k ug]{ s|d hf/L 5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿nfO{

ljb]zL kqsf/x¿sf nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] a9L :jtGqtf

:jb]zL ;~rf/– dfWodnfO{ klg ;dfg ¿kdf pknAw

u/fpg cfXjfg u/]sf]] 5 . rLgdf ljB'tLo, 5fkf /

cgnfOg ;~rf/ dfWoddflysf] cj}wflgs ;]G;/ x6fpg

/ cleJolStsf] :jtGqtfsf lj¿t kqsf/x¿nfO{

:j]R5frf/L y'gfdf /fVg], cgfjZos b'Mv lbg] / cg'lrt

tl/sfaf6 sfdaf6 lg:sfifg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lrlgLof

clwsf/Lx¿n] aGb ug'{kb{5 .

;g\ !(($df rLgdf OG6/g]6sf] k|j]z ePotf

lrlgof ;/sf/n] To;sf] ;fdfu|LnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ /

cfkm"n] ;Da]bgzLn 7fg]sf ;"rgf ;]G;/ ug]{ k|of; ub}{

cfPsf] 5 . b]zdf !^ s/f]8 @) nfv OG6/g]6 k|of]ustf{x¿

/x]sf] x'Fbf rLgn] k|of]u ug]{ OG6/g]6 lkmN6l/Ë ug]{ k|ljlw

ljZjs} ;a}eGbf lj:t[t, k|fljlws ¿kdf cTofw'lgs /

Jofks kx'r ePsf]

dflgG5 . æuf]N8]g l;N8Æ jf æu|]6 kmfo/jfn

ckm rfOgfÆ Pp6f ;]G;/ tyf lgu/fgL kl/of]hgf xf]

h;cGtu{t ;/sf/n] OG6/g]6 ;fdu|LnfO{ Ans ug]{ /

lkmN6/ ug]{ sfd ub{5 . / rLgdf OG6/g]6 k|x/L cg'udg

;fOa/:k]; xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ / ædfgj

clwsf/Æ, æk|hftGqÆ / æ:jtGqtfÆ h:tf zAbx¿nfO{

cgnfOg ;]G;/n] nlIot ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ljb]zdf u};;

/ /fhgLlts ;d"xx¿åf/f ;~rflnt w]/} j]a;fO6x¿

rLgdf k|ltalGwt 5g\ . oflrsfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf], e|i6frf/

/f]Sg cfXjfg u/]sf], :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf]

/ k|hftGqjfbL ;d"xx¿ u7g ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] h:tf

sfo{sf nflu OG6/g]6 k|of]ustf{x¿nfO{ s}b ul/Psf

36gfx¿ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] clen]v u/]sf] 5 .

;g\ !((%df OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u Joj;flos ¿kdf

pknAw ePotf rLgdf To;sf] k|of]unfO{ lgodg ug]{

^) eGbf a9L lgodx¿ hf/L eO;s]sf 5g\ .

rLgdf sl/j #) kqsf/ / %) hgf OG6/g]6

k|of]ustf{x¿ sf/uf/df s}b /x]sf] atfOG5 .

;~rf/ dfWodsf] :jtGqtf;DaGwL ;+:yfx¿n]

rLgnfO{ ækqsf/x¿sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] h]n/Æsf] ;+1f

lbPsf 5g\ .

;g\ @))@sf] dfr{df lrlgof clwsf/Lx¿n]

rLgdf OG6/g]6 k|of]u lgoGq0f ug]{ ljBdfg lgodnfO{

cem s8f agfpg]s|ddf Pp6f :j]lR5s jfrf– rLgsf]

OG6/g]6 pBf]usf nflu :jcg'zf;g;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs

jfrfdf x:tfIf/ ug'{kg] { Joj:yf u/] . o;df

cd]l/sfl:yt ofx' sDkgLnufot # ;o OG6/g]6

Jofkf/Lx¿n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] atfOG5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 16

jif{ #*, c° !, km]a|'j/L @))*

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn, cGt/f{li6«o ;lrjfnosf] k|sfzg, b jfo/

;fdL / g'/f cn–xf:nfdf]gsf 5 hgf 5f]/f5f]/L cfˆgf

cfdfa'jf slxn] 3/ kms{g] x'g\ eg]/ af6f] x]l//x]sf 5g\ .

Oh/fonsf] k|zf;lgs y'gfaf6 cfˆgf cleefjsx¿ 5'6]/

cfpF5g\ eGg] pgLx¿ kvf{O{ clglZrtsflng\ 5 . ut

l8;]Da/df PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] tL

afnaflnsfnfO{ clwg:y Kofn]l:6gL If]qdf e]6]sf] lyof] .

;fdL cn–xf:nfdf]gnfO{ ;g\ @))% sf] ;]K6]Da/df

Oh/fonL ;}lgsx¿n] cfˆgf} 3/df kqmfp u/]sf lyP .

To;sf] Ps jif{ kZrft\ tL ;}lgsx¿ /ftL k'gM 3/df

cfP / pgsL >LdtLnfO{ klg kqmfp u/] . To; kZrft\

Kofn]l:6gL afnaflnsfx¿ cem} klg cfkm\gfKofn]l:6gL afnaflnsfx¿ cem} klg cfkm\gfKofn]l:6gL afnaflnsfx¿ cem} klg cfkm\gfKofn]l:6gL afnaflnsfx¿ cem} klg cfkm\gfKofn]l:6gL afnaflnsfx¿ cem} klg cfkm\gf

cleefjsx¿sf] l/xfO{sf] kvf{O{df 5g\cleefjsx¿sf] l/xfO{sf] kvf{O{df 5g\cleefjsx¿sf] l/xfO{sf] kvf{O{df 5g\cleefjsx¿sf] l/xfO{sf] kvf{O{df 5g\cleefjsx¿sf] l/xfO{sf] kvf{O{df 5g\

tL afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx pgLx¿sf xh'/cfdfn] ub}{

cfpg' ePsf] 5 .

Oh/fonL ;]gfn] k|zf;lgs y'gfdf /fv]sf] nueu

*%) Koflnl:6gLx¿ dWo]sf ;fdL / g'/f cn–xf:nfdf]g

b'O{ hgf x'g\ . pgLx¿ lj¿4 s'g} cleof]u btf{ ePsf]

5}g / Oh/fonL clwsf/Lx¿sf] To; k|sf/sf jGbLx¿sf]

d'2f rnfpg] s'g} dg;fo 5}g . k|zf;lgs aGbLx¿nfO{

Oh/fonL ;]gfn] æ;'/Iff vt/fÆsf] ¿kdf lng] ub{5 t/

of] bfjLnfO{ ;To ;fljt ug]{ aGbL jf ltgsf jlsnx¿nfO{

s'g} klg hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpFb}g / s'g} klg k|sf/sf]

;kmfO lbg] cj;/af6 pgLx¿nfO{ jl~rt

ub{5 .

dlxgfsf] Ps k6s cn–xf:nfdf]gsf

5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ /]8qm;sf] a;df Oh/fondf

cjl:yt ;DalGwt sf/fuf/df uP/ cfˆgf

a'jfcfdfnfO{ e]6 ug]{ ub{5g\ . tLg hgfn]

a'jfnfO{ e]6 u5{g\ eg] afFsL tLgn] cfdfnfO{

e]6 ub{5g\ . ljz]ifu/L ;fgf afnaflnsfsf

nflu Tof] lbg lgs} nfdf] x'g] ub{5 . a;

ljxfg} lxF8\5 / x]a|f]g jl/kl/ /x]sf Oh/fonL

;}Go hfFr rf}sLdf k|foM 306f}+ latfPkl5

a]n'sf dfq kms{G5 .

cfwf 306f nfdf] e]6df tL afnaflnsfx¿

cfˆgf cfdfa'jfnfO{ ;L;fsf] ‰ofnaf6 x]b}{

6]lnkmf]gaf6 dfq s'/f ug{ ;S5g\ . ;a}eGbf

;fgL tLg jlif{of ;f/fofn] dfq k|To]s e]6df

;fdL / g'/f cn–xf:nfdf]gsf 5 hgf dWo] kf“r hgf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ .

o; hf]8LnfO{ Oh/fonL ;]gfn] lagf s'g} cleof]u jf k'k{If nuftf/

;g\ @))% / ;g\ @))^ b]lv y'gfdf /fVb} cfPsf] 5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 17

;'/Iff kmf}hn] cfkm\gf 3/ / ;DklQdf cfuf] nufPkl5 cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ k|of; ub}{ ld§fklxk $ sf

ufp“n]x¿ . Ps lbgdf Ps ;oeGbf a9L kl/jf/x¿nfO{ 3/jxf/ljxLg agfPsf] To; qm"/ lj:yfkg sfo{nfO{

;g\ @))&sf] clk|n @) df df]afOnkmf]gdf /]s8{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfˆgf] a'jfnfO{ kfFr ldg]6;Dd c+ufnf] xfNg kfpFl5g\ .

afFsL kfFr hgfnfO{ pgLx¿ lgs} 7"nf 5g\ eGg] ul/G5 .

tyflk cfdfnfO{ c+ufnf] xfNg] l:js[tL ;f/fofn] klg

kfpFlbgg\ .

a'jfsf] sdfO{ lagf tL afnaflnsfx¿ ul/aLdf afFr]sf

5g\ . cfˆgf cleefjssf] y'gf;do nlDaFb} uPsf] /

pgLx¿ slxn] 5'6\g] x'g\ eGg] s'/f clglZrt ePsf]

x'gfn] tL afnaflnsfdf :yfloTjsf] cefj 5 . cfˆgL

cfdf l/xf ePkl5 dfq hfg] eGb} tfxl// ljBfno hfg

c:jLsf/ ul5{g\ .

Oh/fonL ;]gfn] k|zf;lgs y'gf;DaGwL cfb]z ^

dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu hf/L ug{;S5 . y'gf;do ;dfKt

x'g' cl3 jf kl5 To;sf] d"Nofª\sg x'g] ub{5 / s'g}

;Ldf lagf of] k|lqmof bf]xf]l/g ;S5 . ;g\ @))& sf]

l8;]Da/ !@ df klxnfsf] y'gf cfb]zsf] ;dofjlw ;lsg'

rf/ lbg cl3 ;]gfn] g'/f cn–xf:nfdf]gnfO{ csf]{ cfb]z

;'gfpFb} pgsf] y'gf;do tLg dlxgfn] a9fOlbof] . ca

pgL ;g\ @))* sf] dfr{ !@ df l/xf x'g] cfzf ul/Psf]

5 . ;fdL cn–xf:nfdf]g eg] ;g\ @))* sf] clk|n @^

cl3 5'6\g] 5}gg\ .

Oh/fon / clwg:y Kofn]l:6gL If]qdf k|zf;lgs

y'gfsf] k|of]usf lj¿4 PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] cleofg

;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fdL / g'/f cn–xf:nfdf]g /

cGo k|zf;lgs aGbLx¿nfO{ s'g} :jLsfo{ cleof]u nufO{

cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'¿ksf] lgikIf k'/kIfdf v8f

gu/] pgLx¿nfO{ tTsfn} d'Qm ug{ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn

cfXjfg ub{5 .

SofDaf]l8ofn] cfkm\gf ul/a hgtfsf 3/x¿df cfuf] nufof]

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 18

æklxnf xfdL s]xL v]tL ub{Yof}+===d]/f ;ft hgf

5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ d}n] kfn]sf] lyPF . ca eg] s]xL afFsL /x]g .Æ

le/]s / pgsf ;ft hgf 5f]/f5f]/L ;g\ @))& sf]

clk|n @)df 3/jf/ljxLg x'gk'u] . To; lbg Sofdaf]l8ofsf]

t6Lo ;x/ l;+xfg'slensf] ld§fklxk $ ufpFnfO{ sfg'g

sfof{Gjog tyf ;}Go clws[tx¿n] k"0f{ ¿kdf cfuf]

nufOlbPsf lyP, h;af6 Ps ;oeGbf a9L kl/jf/x¿

lj:yflkt x'g k'u] . To;sf] dlxgf}+ kl5 le/]s cem}klg

;8s 5]pm kfn 6fFu]/ a;]sf 5g\ .

b]zdf hdLg vfnL u/fpg], hdLgljlxgtf / ljjfbx¿

a9\b} uPsf] cj:yfdf le/]ssf] h:t} cj:yf cGo w]/}sf]

eO;s]sf] 5 . Sofdaf]l8ofdf anhˆtL lj:yfkgsf cGo

xhf/f}+ kLl8tx¿ h:t} le/]sf / pgsf l5d]sLx¿nfO{

lj:yflkt u/fpg' cl3 s'g} ;Nnfx jf cflwsfl/s ;"rgf

lbg] sfd ePg . ToxfF rln/x]sf] hdLg;DaGwL ljjfbnfO{

ufpF Wj:t kfl/g' cl3 ;dfwfg ul/Pg . cGt/f{li6«o

dfgj clwsf/sf dfGotf cg';f/ anhˆtL vfnL u/fpg]

sfo{ clGtd pkfo x'g'kb{5 . clwsf/Lx¿n] To;sf]

pNnª\3g u/]sf 5g\ .

cfˆgf 3/ / hdLgsf] /Iff ug{ vf]Hg] dflg;x¿nfO{

/f]Sg Sofdaf]l8ofnL clwsf/Lx¿n] cbfntL k|0ffnLsf]

k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . l;+xfg'slennufot b]zJofkL ¿kdf

a9\bf] ;+Vofdf afl;Gbf / dfgj clwsf/ sfo{stf{x¿

kqmfp kl//x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf 3/x¿ u'dfP kZrft\ le/]sf

!# hgf l5d]sLx¿ kqmfp k/] / pgLx¿dfly kmf}hbf/L

cleof]u nufOof] . k|df0f gePtfklg tL dWo] ( hgfnfO{

bf]ifL 7x/ ul/of] / h]n rnfg ul/of] . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf]

h]n;hfo k"/f u/]tfklg l/xf ul/Psf] 5}g . o;/L

k'gf/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'g' cl3;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ :j]R5frf/L

y'gfdf /flvg]5 .

ld§fklxk $ sf ufpFn]x¿ w]/}h;f] ;fgf ls;fg,

;d'b|L t6df ;fgf Jofkf/ ug]{ / dfemLx¿ lyP . cfkm" /

cfˆgf kl/jf/ rnfpg] s'g} dfWod u'dfpg'sf] cy{ pgLx¿

yk ul/aLdf ws]lng] hf]lvddf kg'{ xf] . ;f]klxk, Ps

j[4f ljwjfn] PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnnfO{ elgg\, æ3/df leq

/x]sf ;fdfgx¿ ;+sng ubf{ d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ kqmfp u/L

s'6lk6 ul/of] . pm df5f dfg]{ / v]tdf sfd ug]{

ub{Yof] . ca d s;sf] ;xf/fn] afFR5' <Æ

cGt/f{li6«o bftfx¿sf] ;xof]udf SofDaf]l8ofnL

;/sf/n] ul/ax¿sf] hLjgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] nIo ;lxtsf

gLltx¿ cjnDag u/]sf] 5 . t/ tL gLltx¿ le/]sn]

;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] jf:tljstfsf] ljNs'n} ljkl/t 5g\, /

pgLx¿ ;/sf/L sbdsf] kmn:j¿k yk ul/a aGg k'u]sf

5g\ . ld§fklxk $ df b]lvP h:t} hgtfnfO{ hah{:tL

vfnL u/fpg] sfo{af6 ;'/lIft ug'{sf] ;§f ;/sf/L

k|ltlglwx¿ ul/aLdf afFlr/x]sf ;LdfGts[t hgtfsf]

hdLg u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf x8Kg] sfo{df ;+nUg 5g\ .

of] cj:yfn] lg/Gt/tf kfP;Dd l;+xfg'slen / s]xL

;x/L If]qx¿sf dfq} geO{ u|fdL0f If]qsf xhf/f} +

SofDaf]l8ofnLx¿ hf]lvddf /xg]5g\ . anhˆtL vfnL

u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/

pNnª\3gsf ¿kdf cf}+nfPsf] 5 . anhˆtL vfnL u/fpg]

sfo{nfO{ cGTo ug]{ ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ffn] ;/sf/ hdLg

x8Kg], hdLgljxLgtf / hdLg;DaGwL ljjfbx¿ ;dfwfg

ug{ OR5's /x]sf] ;+b]z lbg'sf;fy} To;af6 Sofdaf]l8ofsf

ul/ax¿sf] hLjgdf ;'wf/sf nflu kof{Kt cfwf/ tof/

u/L pgLx¿sf] kof{Kt hLjg:t/sf] clwsf/sf] klg ;+/If0f

x'g] lyof] .

dfly plNnvt JolStx¿sf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/Psf]

5 .

cNh ]l/ofcNh]l/ofcNh]l/ofcNh]l/ofcNh]l/of

n'O;f ;fs]/ (Louisa Saker) nfO{ cgflwsfl/s ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;fj{hlgs

;'Joj:yfdf vnn\ k'¥ofPsf] tyf æxltof/sf] k|of]uaf6 ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ cf3ft

k'¥ofPsf]Æ / rf]/L u/]sf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] 5 . of] 36gf pgsf >Ldfg\ ;nfx ;fs]/nfO{ ;g\

!(($ sf] d] dlxgfdf cNh]l/og ;'/Iff kmf}håf/f ul/Psf] anhˆtL a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{sf] ;g\

36gfsf] tfhfl:ylt

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 19

@))^ df cNh]l/ofsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj

clwsf/ ;ldltåf/f eT;gf{ ul/PkZrft\ ePsf] lyof] .

pgL oxL km]a|'j/L ^ sf lbg sf]:6f6fOgl:yt cbfnt

;dIf k|:t't ul/of] .

cf/f]kx¿ ;g\ @))$ df anhˆtL a]kQfsf kLl8t

kl/jf/x¿åf/f ul/Psf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdf ;xeflutf;Fu

;DalGwt lyof] . k|bz{g kZrft\ pgnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp

u/L s'6lk6 ub}{ To; k|sf/sf lj/f]wx¿df km]l/ ;xefuL

gx'g] eGb} Pp6f aofgdf hah{:tL x:tfIf/ ug{ nufof] .

cfˆgf] >Ldfg\sf] l:yltnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ pgsf]

cys k|of;sf nflu pgnfO{ ;hfo lbg tL cf/f]kx¿

nufOPsf] xf] eGg] PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] ljZjf; 5 .

pgsf >Ldfg\nfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] 36gfsf] 5fgljg cem}

klg x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

x]g'{xf];\ ;g\ @))& cui6sf] b jfo/ .

s[kof n'O;f ;fs]/lj¿å nufOPsf ;a}

cf/f]kx¿ lkmtf{ u/fpg / cgfjZos b'Mv kfOg] 8/

lagf a]kQfsf kl/jf/x¿n] ;To / Gofosf] vf]hL ug{

kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{ dfu ub}{ kq n]Vg] sfo{nfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbg'xf];\ . ;fnx ;fs]/nfO{ hah{:tL a]kQf

kfl/Psf] 36gf;DaGwL Ps lj:t[t, :jtGq / lgikIf

cg';Gwfg u/L To;sf nflu lhDd]jf/x¿nfO{ Gofosf]

v73/fdf pEofOg'kg]{ dfu ug'{xf];\ .

cfˆgf clknx¿ lgDg 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf];\ .

His excellencyAbdelaziz BouteflikaPresident de la Republique,Presidence de la Republicque,El Mauradia, Alger, Algeria.

Fax: + 213 21 609618/ +213 21 691595

Od]n : president@el-mouradia.dz;Daf]wg M Your Excellency

;g\ @))& sf] l8;]Da/ !* sf lbg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf]

dxf;efn] d[To'b08nfO{ cGTo ug]{ cfXjfg ug]{ k|:tfjnfO{

ax'dtåf/f kfl/t u¥of] . s'n !)$ b]zn] ;dy{gdf dt

lbP eg] %$ n] lj/f]wdf dt lbP / @( cg'kl:yt /x] .

k|:tfjn] ;a} If]qsf] ;dy{g k|fKt u¥of] / o;n]

pGd"ngtkm{ lgb]{lzt ljZjJofkL k|j[lttkm{ ;+s]t u/]sf]

5 . cfh;Dd !#% b]zx¿n] sfg'g jf Jojxf/df

d'To'b08nfO{ pGd"ng ul/;s]sf 5g\, h;df ;a}eGbf

kl5Nnf] ;g\ @))* sf] hgj/Ldf lg0f{o ug]{ pHa]ls:tfg

/x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] d[To'b08 lbOPsf] !) jif{ kZrft\ ;g\

@))& sf] l8;]Da/ #) af6 blIf0f sf]l/of Jojxf/df

pGd"ng ug]{ /fi6« aGg k'Uof] . l8;]Da/ !& df ;g\ !(^%

otf sfg'gL ¿kdf d[To'b08nfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ Go" h;L{

klxnf] cd]l/sL /fHo aGg k'Uof] .

æcfhsf] dtn] cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;fxl;s

sbdnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5,Æ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf

dxf;lrj afg ls d'gn] eGg'eof] . æljZjsf w]/} ljljw

If]qx¿af6 o; k|of;sf nflu JoQm ul/Psf] ;dy{gaf6

d[To'b08sf] cGTosf nflu ;+/f;+3sf] ax'dt ;dy{g

d ljz]if pT;flxt 5' . d[To'b08nfO{ cGttM pGd"ng

ul/g] tkm{sf] k|j[lQsf] of] yk k|df0f xf] .Æ

d[To'b08 lbg] sfo{ hf/L

k|:tfjn] æd[To'b08nfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ w]/} /fHox¿af6

ul/Psf] lg0f{oÆ sf] :jfut ub}{ d[To'b08 lbg] sfo{n]

cem} klg lg/Gt/tf kfPsf]df ulx/f] lrGtf klg JoSt

u/]sf] 5 . o;n] /fi6«x¿nfO{ d[To'b08sf] k|of]unfO{

k|ultd"ns k|of;x¿sf] dfWod h:t} M To;sf] sfof{Gjog

ul/g] ck/fwx¿sf] ;+Vofdf s6f}tL ub}{ sd ug{ cfu|x

ub}{ Ps k6s pGd"ng ul/;s]sf /fHox¿nfO{ k'gM

;'?jft gug{ klg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .

d[To'b08 lbg] Joj:yfnfO{ cem} klg lg/Gt/tf lbg]

;a} /fHox¿nfO{ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] d[To'b08sf]

;hfodf tTsfn /f]s nufpg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . /f]s

nufpg] sfo{n] gful/s ;dfhsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt

ax;df ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy}

;/sf/x¿nfO{ k|:tfjsf] k|fjwfg cg'¿k d[To'b08 lbg]

cfˆgf sfg'gx¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 20

>Ln+sf

;/sf/ / ljb|f]xL lna/];g 6fOu;{ ckm tfldn Ond

-ln§]_ aLr o'4lj/fd eË ePotf ;~rf/ If]qdfly lgoGq0f

ug]{ k|of;x¿ a9\b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ @))@ df ;'? ePsf]

o'4lj/fd cf}krfl/s ¿kdf dGqLkl/ifbsf] ;j{;Ddt dtåf/f

;g\ @))* sf] hgj/L !^ df cGTo ePsf] lyof] .

n8fO{+ a9]kZrft\ åGå/t ;a} kIfx¿af6 dfgj clwsf/

pNnª\3g ug]{ sfo{ klg a9]sf] 5 eg] ;~rf/sdL{nufot

;j{;fwf/0fx¿sf nflu ;'/Iff sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

kqklqsfx¿ aGb ePsf 5g\, ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ wDsL

lbg] / cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgf agfpg] sfd ePsf] / Pp6f

j]a;fO6sf] ;~rfng cj¿4 ul/Psf] 5 .

;g\ @))^ sf] ;'? otf slDtdf klg !) hgf

;~rf/sdL{ u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf dfl/Psf 5g\ . csf]{ Ps

hgf ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] y'gfaf6} a]kQf kfl/Psf 5g\ eg]

;/sf/nfO{ c;Lldt clwsf/ lbg] cfktsflng sfg'g

cGtu{t cGo w]/}nfO{ oftgf lbOPsf] / :j]R5frf/L y'gfdf

/flvPsf] 5 .

kqsf/x¿ / cleJolSt :jtGqtfsf nflu g/fd|f] jif{

kqsf/x¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;+3 -cfOPkmh]_ sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))& df s'n !&! kqsf/ / ;~rf/sdL{x¿ dfl/P h'g

;g\ @))^ sf] !&& eGbf s]xL sd lyof] . xTof, wDsL / cGo b'Jo{jxf/sf] lgoldt vt/f /x]sf] x'“bf >Ln+sf / ;f]dflnof

>dhLjL kqsf/x¿sf nflu To; jif{ ;a}eGbf vt/fhGo b]zx¿ /x] .

s]xL 36gfx¿df ;z:q kmf}hsf] ;xdltdf

;z:q tldn ;d"xaf6 cfqmd0f ePsf 5g\ . /

;g\ !(() otfsf d'2fnufot kqsf/ jf cGo

;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] xTofsf nflu lhDd]jf/ s;}nfO{

kqmfp ul/Psf] jf d'2f rnfpgsf nflu cg';Gwfg

ul/Psf] s'/f PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] hfgsf/Ldf

clxn];Dd cfPsf] 5}g .

;g\ @))& sf] l8;]Da/ @& sf lbg >ddGqL

d]/leg l;Nef / pgsf ;xof]uLx¿ >Ln+sf

¿kaflxgL s/kf]/];gsf] sfof{nodf k|j]z u/L

;dfrf/ lgb]{zs 6L=Pd=hL= rGb|z]v/nfO{ dGqLn]

xftkft u/]sf] atfOG5 .

/fi6«klt dlxGbf /fhfkfIf] klg ;xefuL ePsf]

Pp6f ¥ofnLnfO{ cfkm"n] u/]sf] ;Daf]wg pQm s/kf]/];gn]

k|;f/0f gu/]df tL dGqL ¿i6 ePsf lyP . pgsf] efif0fdf

s]xL ckzAbx¿ klg ;dfj]z /x]sf] lyof] . cfqmd0f

kZrft ¿kaflxgLsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] tL dGqLnfO{ dfkmL

dfUg eGb} tLg 306f;Dd y'g]/ /fv]sf lyP .

>ddGqL d]/leg l;Nefsf] Jojxf/sf lj¿4 ePsf]

lj/f]wdf ;+nUg ePjfkt cfkm"x¿nfO{ wDsfpg,

cgfjZos b'Mv lbg / xTof klg ug{ ;z:q lu/f]xx¿nfO{

cfb]z lbOPsf] >Ln+sfsf w]/} kqsf/x¿n] e/kbf]{ >f]taf6

hfgsf/L kfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

blIf0fL efGgL k|fGtdf cjl:yt ln§]sf] cflwsfl/s

/]l8of] :6];g, EjfO;\ ckm 6fOu;{\dfly >Ln+sf xjfO{ kmf}hn]

;g\ @))& sf] gf]e]Da/ @& sf lbg ad cfqmd0f u/]sf]

lyof] . cfqmd0fdf gf} hgfsf] d[To' x'gfsf] ;fy} cGo !)

hgf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf lyP . :6];gaf6 …ln§] o'4 gfos

lbj;Úsf] k|;f/0f ePs} lbg pQm cfqmd0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

;g\ @))& sf] gf]e]Da/ @) sf lbg ln8/ klqsfsf]

k|sfzg sfof{nodf Pp6f ;z:q ;d"xn] cfqmd0f u¥of] .

;g\ @))& l8;]Da/df >Ln+sfsf] sf]nf]Daf]df k|bz{g ub}{ ;~rf/ ;+u7gx¿

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 21

k|x/Lsf cg';f/ gsfa nufPsf tL JolStx¿n]

sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ hah{:tL 3'F8f 6]Sg nufO{ k|];df k]6«f]n

5s]{/ cfuf] nufOlbPsf lyP .

Hffˆgfl:yt pyfog klqsfsf sd{rf/Lx¿ klg ;}Go

tyf cw{;}Go ;d"xx¿sf] cfqmd0fsf] tf/f] ag] h;af6

rf/hgfsf] d[To' eof] . klqsfdf k|'km l/8/sf] sfd ug]{

efl8e]n lgd{nf/fhg gf]eDa/ !& b]lv x/fO/x]sf 5g\ /

pgnfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . xTofsf]

36gf ePsf cGo klqsfx¿df ofn lygfs'/n / ;'bf/

cf]nL /x]sf 5g\ .

cfqmd0fsf] nIo agfOPsf] w]/} ;~rf/sdL{x¿ tfldn

;d'bfosf /x]tf klg ;/sf/L gLltsf] cfnf]rgf ug]{

ax';+Vos l;+xfnL ;d'bfosf kqsf/x¿ klg ;/sf/L

clwsf/L / ;/sf/;dly{t ;z:q tldn ;d"xx¿sf]

cfqmd0fdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

;f]dflnof

;g\ @))& df ;f]dflnofdf cf7hgf kqsf/sf] xTof

ul/of], h;df ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] ;fa]n /]l8of] :6];gsf

sfodd'sfod Joj:yfks afl;/ g'/ u]bL /x]sf 5g\ .

o;n] ;f]dflnofnfO{ O/fs kl5 ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf nflu

;a}eGbf 8/nfUbf] b]zsf] ;"rLdf pEofPsf] 5 .

;+qmd0fsfnLg ;+3Lo ;/sf/ -l6PkmhL_ sf] kmf}h /

s]xL cj:yfdf OlyOof]lkofnL ;]gfaf6 kqmfp x'g] qmdklg

a9]sf] kqsf/x¿ atfpF5g\ . kqsf/ df]xDdb l;bfg

8fagnfO{ 6LPkmhLsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] ;g\ @))* sf] hgj/L

* df df]uflb;'l:yt P8]g P8] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynaf6

kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . agflb/ /]l8of]sf nflu sfd ug]{

df]xDdb l;bfgsf ;a} sfuhkq / emf]nf a/fdb

ul/of] . pgnfO{ c1ft :yfgdf y'gfdf /flvPsf] 5 .

cfkm"nfO{ /fli6«o ;'/Iff Ph]G6 atfpg] JolStx¿af6

anhˆtL a]kQf kfg]{ jf kqmfp ug]{ wDsL lbg] sfo{df

j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . df]uflb;'df /x]sf OlyOof]lkofnL

s'6gLlts k|ltlglwx¿af6 cfkm"x¿nfO{ k|ToIf wDsL k|fKt

ePsf] b'O{ hgf kqsf/x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

;f]dfnL kqsf/x¿n] ;z:q lj/f]wL ;d"xx¿af6

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf Hofg dfg]{ wDsLsf] ;fdgf ug]{ ub{5g\

eg] ;/sf/L kmf}hn] klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf wDsfpg]

u/]sf] pgLx¿ atfpF5g\ . tyflk dfg]{ wDsL k|fKt ePsf]

;|f]tsf] jf:tljstf eg] k|foM lglZrt x'g;Sb}g .

;~rf/u[xx¿ ljz]ifu/L df]uflb;'sf /]l8of] :6];gx¿

klg l6PkmhL kmf}hsf] :j]R5frf/L ¿kdf aGb u/fpg]

sfo{sf] lzsf/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . aGb ul/g] cjlw klg

lj:tf/} a9L/x]sf] 5 . ;fa]n /]l8of] / l;Daf /]l8of]

gf]e]Da/ !@ af6 l8;]Da/ # ;Ddsf nflu ædf]xDdb

lw/LÆ eg]/ lrlgg] df]uflb;'sf d]o/ df]xDdb cf]df/

xlaasf] cfb]z cg';f/ aGb 5g\ .

k|]; :jtGqtfdfly k|xf/ ub}{ l6PkmhLsf g]tfx¿n]

;fj{hlgs ¿kdf jQmJo lbPsf 5g\ . gf]e]Da/ @^ sf

lbg df]xDdb lw/Ln] ;~rf/u[xx¿nfO{ k"j{ lnlvt cg'dlt

lagf ;}Go sf/jfxL;DaGwL ;dfrf/ g5fKg cfb]z lbFb}

;/sf/sf lj/f]wLx¿sf] cGtjf{tfdf /f]s nufPsf 5g\ .

cleJolStsf] :jtGqtf, ;~rf/ ;d"x / kqsf/x¿

dflysf oL k|ltaGwx¿sf] p2]Zo k|foM cGt/f{li6«o

dfgjclwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg'gsf] pNnª\3gx¿;DaGwL

;dfrf/ k|sflzt ug'{af6 /f]Sg' x'g]ub{5 .

xfn}sf dlxgfx¿df df]uflb;'af6 efu]/ cfPsf

;f]dfnLx¿n] l6PkmhL kmf}h / OlyOof]lkog ;]gf b'j}af6

ePsf uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf]

;fIfL aofg lbPsf 5g\ . gf]e]Da/sf] ;'?sf lbgotf

a9]sf] n8fO{+;Fu} dfgclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf]

b/ / qm"/tf b'j} a9]sf] b]lvG5 .

o:tf pNnª\3gx¿;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ug]{

kqsf/x¿n] wDsL k|fKt u/]af6 ck/fwLx¿sf nflu

b08xLgtfsf] ;Defjgf a9]/ hfg] ub{5 . o;}sf/0f klg

df]uflb;'df sfo{/t :jtGq dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿

r'k 5g\, lsgeg] w]/} dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ of t efUg

afWo kfl/Psf 5g\ of cfqmd0f / lg/Gt/sf] wDsL kZrft\

e"ldut ePsf 5g\ .

cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo ;xof]u ;+:yfx¿n] klg l6PkmhLsf

g]tfx¿af6 a9\bf] cfqmd0fsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

:ynut ¿kdf cfˆgf] pkl:yltnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg

;f]dflnofdf sfd ul//x]sf w]/} dfgjLo ;+3;+:yfx¿

cfkm"n] b]v]sf dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g\x¿nfO{ clen]v

ug{af6 6f9f /xG5g\ .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 22

n'O; O8'jf/8f] u'P/f u'P/f, pgsf kf6{g/, pgsf !!

jif]{ 5f]/f / Ps l5d]sL kl/jf/sf] ;g\ @))% sf] km]a|'j/L

@! df xTof x'Fbf ;fg hf];] 8] ckf/tf8f]sf] zflGt

;d'bfosf] Oltxf;df csf]{ /Qmkftk"0f{ 36gf 36]sf] efg

eof] .

s'g} klg :t/df of] Pp6f cfd xTof lyof] M dfl/g]

cf7dWo] tLg afnaflnsf lyP Ù b'O{ hgfsf] 3fF6L /]l6Psf]

/ Ps hgfsf] lz/R5]bg\ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;z:q åGåaf6

cnu /xg] k|of; u/]sf]df æ;/sf/ lj/f]wLÆ ;+1f lbOPsf]

o; ;d'bfosf nflu eg] Pp6f nune lgoldt s'/f

lyof] . ;g\ !((& sf] dfr{df u7g ePotf of] ;d'bfon]

!^) xTof / anhˆtL a]kQf kfl/g] 36gf / c;+Vo

wDsLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] 5 h;dWo] w]/} ;'/Iff kmf}h

/ ltgsf cw{;}lgs ;xof]uLx¿af6 / afFsL 5fkfdf/

zflGt ;d'bfosf] 3/ kms{g] of]hgf

;g\ !((& otf ;fg hf];] 8] ckf/tf8f]sf] zflGt ;d'bfosf !^) eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ a]kQf kfl/Psf jf dfl/Psf 5g\

kmf}haf6 ePsf] atfOG5 . o;nfO{ nIo agfpg]x¿sf

nflu eg] em08} k"0f{ b08xLgtf JofKt 5 .

t/ xfn ;fd'bflos g]tf O8'cf/8f] u'P/f, pgsf

kl/jf/ / l5d]sLx¿sf] xTofsf ;DaGwdf eO/x]sf]

kmf}hbf/L cg';Gwfgn] PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn / s]xL

u};;x¿n] s]xL ;do b]lv eGb} cfPsf] s'/fnfO{ ;To

;fljt ul/lbPsf] 5 M xTofsf08 cw{;}lgsx¿sf] ;xof]udf

;}lgs clwsf/Lx¿åf/f ul/Psf] xf] . sf]nf]lDaofsf] åGådf

cfˆgf zq'x¿;Fu ldn]sf] cfz+sfdf ;j{;fwf/0fx¿nfO{

lgzfgf agfpg b'j} kIf lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .

o; d'2fdf kmf}hbf/L k|lqmofx¿ cl3 a9\b} hfFbf

zflGt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿lj¿4 xTof / wDsLsf

36gfx¿n] klg lg/Gt/tf kfPsf 5g\ .

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 23

ckx/0f / oftgf

k|ToIfbzL{x¿sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))& l8;]Da/ @# sf

lbg pbfx/0fsf nflu Pl/gf; P6\nf; If]qaf6 sf]nf]lDaofnL

;]gfn] dfl/of df/ufl/6f lu/fN8f]sf] ckx/0f kZrft\

xTof u/L oftgf lbOPsf] 3fpx¿ /x]sf] pgsf] zjnfO{

n8fO{+df dfl/Psf] 5fkfdf/sf] ¿kdf k|:t't u¥of] . To;}

lbg ;fg hf];]l;6f] / ckf/6f8f]aLrsf] ;8sdf cjl:yt

k|x/Lsf] hfFr:yn glhs} cw{;}lgs ann] csf]{ hfFr:ynsf]

:yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] .

zflGt ;d'bfon] !) jif{ b]lv åGådf ;xefuL gx'g]

cfˆgf] clwsf/nfO{ pkef]u ug]{ k|of; ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . t/

;'/Iff kmf}h ;fg hf];] 8] ckf/6f8f] / l5d]sL ufpFx¿

eGbf aflx/} /xg'kb{5 eGg] dfu u/]sf] x'Fbf ;d'bfodfly

;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ Jojwfg v8f u/]sf], :jtGq /fHo :yfkgf

ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] / 5fkfdf/ kmf}hx¿nfO{ arfpg] sfd

u/]sf] cf/f]kx¿ nufOPsf 5g\ . tyflk ;d'bfosf] lg0f{onfO{

5fkfdf/ kmf}h :jod\n] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] 5 .

;g\ @))% sf] km]a|'j/Ldf ePsf] xTofsf08sf] t];|f]

aflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df ;fg hf];] 8] ckf/6f8f]sf] d'nf6f];\

If]q 5f]8\g' k/]sf] zflGt ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] kms]{g]

of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ . ljutdf cfkm"n] 5f]8]/ cfPsf

e"efudf kms{g] of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿

lj¿4 uDeL/ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gx¿ ePsf lyP .

cfkm"n] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g

tyf HofbtLx¿sf] k"0f{ ¿kdf 5fglag ul/g'kg]{ / ;/sf/;Fu

jftf{ ug{sf nflu cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6

To;sf nflu bf]ifLx¿nfO{ Gofosf] s73/fdf pEofOg'kg]{

;d'bfon] dfu ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

cd]l/sL /fHox¿sf] ;ª\u7gsf] cGt/cd]l/sL

dfgjclwsf/ cbfntn] sf]nf]lDaofnL clwsf/Lx¿nfO{

zflGt ;d'bfosf afl;Gbfx¿sf] ;'/Iff k|Tofe"t ug{

nuftf/ cfXjfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5, h;df ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf]

;g\ @))* sf] km]a|'j/L @ /x]sf] 5 . tyflk, cbfntsf]

lgb]{zgnfO{ kfngf ug{ sf]lnlDaofnL clwsf/Lx¿n] s'g}

sbd rfn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .

;'/lIft;fy kms{g / a;f]af; ug{sf nflu ;d'bfonfO{

cGt/f{li6«o P]Soj4tf / bjfjsf] cfjZostf 5 .

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu, x]g'{xf];\ Colombia : Return to

hope (AMR 23/023/2000), www.amnesty.org

tTsfn sbd rfNg'xf];\

zflGt ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:ox¿ / d'nf6f]; kms{g]{

of]hgf agfO/x]sf JolStx¿sf] ;'/Iff k|Tofe"t ug{

;a} pkfo cjnDag ug{ cfu|x ub}{ sf]nf]lDaofnL

;/sf/nfO{ kq n]Vg'xf];\ .

cfˆgf kqx¿ lgDg 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf];\ M

President Alvaro Uribe VelezPresidente de la RepublicaPalacio de Narino, Carrera 8 No.7-2,Bogota, Colombia

Fax: +57 1337 5890/342 0592

;Daf]wg M Dear President Uribe

;fh hf];] 8] ck/f8f]sf zflGt ;d'bfosf

;b:ox¿nfO{ P]Soa4tfsf] ;Gb]zx¿ k7fpg'xf];\ .

Od]n M cdpsanjose@gmail.com

b08xLgtsf] cGTo ug]{ dfu ;lxt PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnn]

;g\ @))* el/ g} zflGt ;d'bfosf] ;dy{gdf cleofg

tyf P]Soj4tf sfo{x¿ ;~rfng ub}{5 . olb tkfO{+ klg

;xefuL x'g OR5's ePdf cfˆgf] :yfgLo PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gn sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ .

tkfO{+ klg b jfo/sf] ljB'tLo k|lt k|fKt

ug{ rfxg'x'G5 jf o; k|sfzgsf] u|fxs

aGg rfxg'x'G5 eg] lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{

ug'{xf];\ .

Amnesty InternationalInternational SecretariatPeter Benenson House1 Easton StreetLondon WC1X 0DWUnited Kingdomwww.amnesty.orgemail: newslett@amnesty.orgppmsteam@amnesty.org

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 24

dfgj clwsf/

/Ifs Odfb]lbg afuL( E m a d e d d i nBaghi) Ps jif {

nfdf] sf/fjf; ;hfo

ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ .

;g\ @))& sf]

cS6f]a/ !$ sf lbg

s}bLx¿sf] clwsf/sf]

/If f;DaGwL ; +3

gfds u}/ ;/sf/L

; +:yfsf ] k |d 'vsf ]

x}l;otdf u/]sf] lqmofsnfkx¿sf nflu pgnfO{

cbfnt;dIf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . pgLdfly …uf]Ko ;/sf/L

sfuhkq k|sflztÚ u/]sf] cf/f]k nufO %) s/f]8 l/ofn

-sl/j %$ xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/_ a/fa/sf] w/f}6L dfu

ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ pgsf kl/jf/n] w/f}6L /sd a'emfpg}

nfUbf pgn] Ps jif{sf] sf/fjf; ;hfo ef]Ug'kg]{ hfgsf/L

lbOof] . æb 6«]h8L ckm 8]df]qm];L Og O/fgÆ -O/fgdf

k|hftGqsf] laklQ_ gfds pgsf] k':tssf] k|sfzg kZrft\

pgnfO{ æem'7f] 5fk]sf]Æ / æ/fli6«o ;'/IffnfO{ vt/fdf

kf/]sf]Æ df bf]ifL 7x¥ofOPsf] lyof] . cbfntL sf/jfxLsf]

qmddf pgnfO{ jlsnsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Pg .

;g\ @))& sf] l8;]Da/ @^ df t]x/fgsf] Oldg

sf/uf/df Psn y'gfdf /xFbf pgL :gfo';DaGwL /f]uaf6

u|:t eO a]xf];\ x'g k'u] . pgnfO{ c:ktfn nluof] hxfF

pgL bf];|f] k6s a]xf];\ eP . bf];|f] lbg pgnfO{ sf/uf/

kmsf{Oof] . o; kZrft\ pgnfO{ kl/jf/;Fu ;Dks{ ug{

lbOof] .

hgj/L !& sf lbg pgnfO{ c:ktfn egf{ ul/of] /

pkrf/sf nflu hdfgtdf Ps dlxgfsf nflu l/xf

ul/of] .

Odfb]lbg afuL / s}bLx¿sf] clwsf/ /Iff;DaGwL ;+3n]

w]/} jif{;Dd s}bLx¿sf] clwsf/ / ljz]ifu/L afnaflnsfnfO{

lbOPsf] d[To'b08sf lj¿4 cleofg ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf

5g\ . ;g\ !(() lt/ /fhgLlts lj/f]wL / n]vsx¿sf

af/]df n]v k|sflzt u/]sf]df pgnfO{ tLg jif{sf nflu

h]n rnfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ @))# sf] km]a|'j/Ldf d'Qm

ePkZrft\ ;g\ @))$ df aGb x'g'cl3;Dd pgn] Pp6f

klqsfsf] ;Dkfbssf] sfd u/] .

cg'lrt cbfntL sf/jfxL kZrft d[To'b08 lbOPsf]

O/fgL c/ax¿sf] k|lt/Iff;DaGwL pgsf] sfo{nfO{ lnP/

æJoj:yf lj¿4 k|f]kf]uf08fÆ u/]sf] bf]ifL ;fljt u/L ;g\

@))& sf] h'nfO{df ;'gfOPsf] tLg jif{sf] ;hfolj¿4

pgL xfn k'g/fj]bg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

ljZjJofkL cg'/f]wx¿O/fg

gla;{gf];\ P=cfO{= ;b:ox¿n] cfkm\g} d'n'ssf 36gf p7fpg kfp“b}gg\ .

k|hftGq k|j4{g\ u/]sf]df h]n rnfg

cf:yfsf] aGbL Odfb]lbg afuL (Emadeddin

Baghi) nfO{ k'gM h]n rnfg gug{ cfu|x ub}{ kq

n]Vg'xf];\ . cfˆgf clknx¿ lgDg 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf];\ M

Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi ShahroudiOffice of the Head of the Judiciary,Pasteur St. Vali Asr Ave.,South of Serah-e Jomhouri,Tehran 1316814747,Iran

email: info@dadgostary-tehran.ir

-ljifodf FAO Ayatollah Shahroudi n]Vg'xf];\ _

;Daf]wg M Your Excellency

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzgcleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 25

Ola|df aL= dfg]x (Ebrima B. Manneh) nfO{ ;g\

@))^ sf] h'nfO{df 8]nL cahe{/sf] sfof{noaf6 kqmfp

ul/Psf] lyof] . pgnfO{ kmf6f]6f] k|x/L yfgfdf b]lvPsf]

atfOPtfklg pgnfO{ sxfF /flvPsf] 5 eGg] af/]df

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnnfO{ hfgsf/L 5}g / pgsf] hah{:tL

a]kQf k|lt lrlGtt 5 .

/fli6«o cg';Gwfg lgsfoaf6 cfPsf ljZjf; ul/Psf]

;fbf kf]zfssf k|x/L clws[tx¿n] pgnfO{ kqmfp u/L

nu]sf lyP . tyflk pQm lgsfon] kqmfp / y'gfdf

cfˆgf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] atfPsf] 5 .

pgsf a'jf / ;xsdL{ kqsf/x¿af6 pgsf] cj:yfsf

af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n ug]{ lg/Gt/ k|of; u/]kZrft\

;/sf/n] ;g\ @))& sf] km]a|'j/Ldf Pp6f jQmJo hf/L

ub}{ pgsf] kqmfp jf l:yltsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L

g/x]sf] atfof] .

;fIfLx¿sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))& sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfsf]

cGTolt/ dfg]xnfO{ /fhwfgL afGh'nl:yt /f]on leS6f]l/of

lrlsT;s tyf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs lagfos ;]g

(Binayak Sen) nfO{ ;g\ @))& sf] d] !$ sf lbg

kqmfp u/L xfn 5lQ;u9sf] /fok'/sf] sf/uf/df /flvPsf]

5 . PDg]:6L OG6/g];ngsf] ljrf/df pgL lj¿4 nufOPsf

cf/f]kx¿ /fhgLlts ¿kn] k|]l/t 5g\ / k|ltalGwt ef/t

sDo"lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf lj¿4 ;~rflnt slyt

hg;dly{t cleofg ;fNjf h'b'dsf] lj/f ]w ug] {

dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ r'k nufpg] p2]Zon] :yflkt

ul/Psf] xf] .

dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cfˆgf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf

/fok'/ sf/uf/df dfcf]jfbL g]tf gf/fo0f ;GofnnfO{ w]/}

uflDaof

kqsf/ uf]Ko y'gfdflzIf0f c:ktfn nluPsf] lyof] . k|x/Lsf] ;fydf pgnfO{

pRr /Qmrfksf] pkrf/sf nflu nluPsf] lyof] .

;fIfLx¿sf] of] aofgn] k|x/L kmf}h / ;"rgfdGqLsf]

cfkm"nfO{ To;;DaGwdf s'g} hfgsf/L g/x]sf] jQmJonfO{

em'7f] ;fljt u/]sf] 5 .

dfg]xsf] kqmfpsf] sf/0fsf ljleGg sf/0fx¿ /x]sf]

s'/f aflx/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . s]xLn] pgnfO{ /fi6«klt ofxf

hfd]xsf glhssf ;fyL b 8]nL cahe{/sf Joj:yfksLo

;Dkfbs ;fhf tfn;Fu ljjfb ePkl5 kqmfp ul/Psf]

atfpF5g\ .

s[kof Ola|df aL= dfg]x (Ebrima B. Manneh)

nfO{ cf:yfsf] jGbLsf] ¿kdf tTsfn lagf;t{ l/xfOsf]

cfu|x ub}{ uflDaofsf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ kq n]Vg'xf];\ .

cfˆgf clknx¿ lgDg 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf];\ M

Dr Yahya JammehPresident and Minister for DefencePrivate Mail Bag, State House,Banjul, GambiaFax: +220 422 7034email : nfo@statehouse.gm

;Daf]wg M Dear President

k6s e]6]sf lyP . tL e]6x¿df gf/fo0f ;Gofn] kl5

kqmfp ul/Psf csf{ dfcf]jfbL g]tf lko'; u'xfnfO{ lbg

egL ljgfos ;]gnfO{ kq lbPsf] k|x/Ln] bfjL u/]sf] 5 .

ljgfos ;]gsf] kqmfp ;fNjf h'b'd cleofg cGtu{t

5lQu9 /fHodf /fHo k|x/Ln] u/]sf] u}/sfg'gL xTof;DaGwL

pgn] u/]sf] 5fgljg;Fu klg ;DalGwt x'g;Sg] PDg]:6L

OG6/g];gn ljZjf; ub{5 .

;Njf h'b'dsf] ;'?jft ;g\ @))% df 5lQu9sf

afl;Gbfx¿n] /fHodf dfcf]jfbL lx+;fsf lj¿4 yflnPsf]

atfOG5 . oBlk ;Njf h'b'd jf:tjdf /fHosf] k|z:t

k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf sDkgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] kx'Fr k|bfg ug]{

p2]Zon] dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ 5lQ;u9af6 eufpg /fHoåf/f

;~rflnt cleofg ePsf ] k |z:t k |df0fx¿

dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿n] ;+sng u/]sf 5g\ .

ef/t

lrlsT;s tyf dfgjclwsf/

/Ifs y'gfdf

PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] å}dfl;s k|sfzg cleofg ;dfrf/

hgj/L–km]a|'j/L @))*÷ 26

df]g afnfh (Mon Balaj) -jfofF_ / cf/j]g em]nflbgL

(Arben Xheladini) -bfofF_ sf] ;g\ @))& sf] km]a|'j/L

!) df sf];f]ef]sf] /fhwfgL lk|l:6gfdf ePsf] can]lgofsf]

:jtGqtfsf ;dy{sx¿sf] k|bz{gsf qmddf /f]dflgofåf/f

ul7t k|x/L OsfOsf ckl/lrt ;b:ox¿n] xTof u/]sf

lyP . tL k|x/Lx¿ sf];f]ef]l:yt ;+/f;+3 cGtl/d k|zf;sLo

ld;g -cglds_ sf c+usf ¿kdf /x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o k|x/L

kmf}hdf sfo{/t lyP .

k|bz{gsf] cfof]hgf e]6]e]g8f];] -cfTd lg0f{o_ gfds

Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;+/f;+3sf ljz]if k|ltlglw df/l6

cxtL;f/Ln] sf];f]ef]sf] eljiosf af/]df /fv]sf] k|:tfjsf]

lj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . lx+;fdf *& cGo k|bz{gsf/Lx¿

3fOt] ePsf lyP h;dWo] ;ft hgf uDeL/ ¿kdf 3fOt]

x'gk'u] . k|bz{g kZrft\ To; :yfgaf6 /a/ / /a/sf]

vf]n nufOPsf l:6nsf rf/ ljleGg k|sf/sf uf]nLx¿

;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .

cgldsaf6 k|sflzt b'O{ k|ltj]bgx¿n] tL b'O{ k'¿ifsf]

/f]dflgog k|x/L OsfOsf ;b:on] rnfPsf] /a/sf] uf]nLaf6

d[To' ePsf] lgisif{ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . oBlk pgLx¿sf]

d[To'sf nflu lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ eg]

cgldssf] Gofo ljefu c;Ifd /Xof] .

ljgfos ;]gsf] kqmfp ;z:q dfcf]jfbL;Fu e]6 ug'{

jf j}rfl/s ;xfg'e"lt /fVg' cfkmF}df Pp6f ck/fw xf]

eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of; klg x'g;S5 . o; ;DaGwdf

sfg'gL Joj:yf ePdf ef/te/L xhf/f}+ dfgjclwsf/

/Ifsx¿ bf]ifL 7xl/g uO{ pgLx¿sf] ;+ul7t x'g] :jtGqtf

uDeL/ ¿kdf k|efljt x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .

ljgfos ;]gn] hdfgtsf nflu cfj]bg lbPsf lyP t/

k|x/Ln] ;z:q ;d"x;Fu pgsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf]

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Shivraj PatilMinister of Home AffairsMinistry of Home Affairs, North Block,

Central Secretariat, New Delhi, 110001, India

;Daf]wg M Dear Minister

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Joachim RueckerSpecial Representative of the UN Secretary-GeneralRoorn 511, UNMIK Headquarters, 38000Pristina, KosovoFax :+ 1212 963 9877, email : ehailu@un.org

;Daf]wg M Dear Mr Ruecker

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