Rapport d'activité INRA 2013

7/22/2019 Rapport d'activit INRA 2013

1/158

_gppmrt gkkuhi

ILkstltut?671


2/158

@lrhathur`h ig puoilagtlmk > CrgkmlsJmuiilhrAmmr`lkgtlmk `ltmrlgih> CrgkmlshSh`hih,Nhgk-CrgkmlsIgukgy htHrlaAmkkhjgyh_hihaturh> Cr`rlquhAjgormiLamkmbrgpjlh> VjmtmtjquhLkrgAmkahptlmk brgpjlquhhtrgilsgtlmk > Qtu`lm Argtlmk Lkrg /XAVAAmmr`lkgtlmk hig trg`uatlmk > Ajrlstlkh\mukbLdprldhrlh> OLV_LKP- 136,rmuth`h Cilks- 2:076 OMXGCIH

Lkrg 702,ruh `hiXklvhrslt -2811: VG_LQ L Pi. >+11(6)7 0? 28 +11(6)7 02 68


3/158

QmddglrhV_QHKPGPLMK

`ltm pgr Crgkmls Jmuiilhr

63

Vrm`uatlmks salhktlquhs

6 iHQL tgoilssgkt shs aigsshdhkts pgrtlr u kmdorh h altgtlmks, li hst pmssloihquh hs mrbgklsdhs pius prm`uatlcs dgls dmlks alts kh smlhkt pgs amdptgolilss sgks pmsslolilt h vrlagtlmk.

Aigsshdhkt

Ajgdp `lsalpilkglrh ` g pr s i h k md or h ` h al tg tl mk s r h uh s ` g pr s i h k md or h ` h pu oi la gt lm ks *

Qalhkahsgbrmkmdlquhs1h/8


6/158

_gppmrtgkkuhi ILkstltut

677

7

g?671

Vgkmrgdg?671

V_QHKPGPLMK

Ngkvlhr7:ngkvlhrILkrgrhk`puoilasihsrsuitgts`hitu`hCrhlkshtihvlhrsig`lvhrslagtlmk`hssystdhs`hauiturhamddgk`hpgrihsdlklstrhs`hiGbrlauiturhht`hiHkvlrmkkhdhkt.

?1ngkvlhrSux`hCrgkmlsJmuiilhr imaagslmk`hsquhisli`vmlihihsprlmrlts`higkkhhtigkmuvhiihl`hktltvlsuhiih`hiLkstltut.

Cvrlhr70cvrlhrLkguburgtlmk_hkkhs`hs kmuvhiihslkstgiigtlmks hxprldhktgihsù Igomrgtmlrh`hpjyslmimblhhtbkmdlquh`hspmlssmks.

Ah`lspmsltlcìhvgbhht`hxprldhktgtlmkduitl-hspahshst ``lguxrhajhrajhshkolmimblhhtbkmdlquh`hspmlssmks.

?7cvrlhrLkguburgtlmksurihslthLkrg`Guzhvliih(gusu`-hst`hPmuimush),ùpih `hrhajhrajhhkgbrmbkmdlquhùtmurkhsmihkprshkah`hJhkrl-DlajhiAmdht,Vrcht`hig_blmkDl`l-Vyrkhs,DgrtlkDgivy,gkalhkdlklstrhhtVrsl`hkt`hig_blmkDl`l-VyrkhshtCrgkmls-_blsSgihtth,Vrsl`hkt`h igamddukgut`gbbimdrgtlmk ùQl amvgi.

?1cvrlhrILkrggaauhliihihajlstrhrhamr``h?28salhktlquhslssus`h?3 uklts`hrhajhrajhpmurih86 hQgimkl kthrkgtlmkgi `hiGbrlauiturh,surihtjdh`hIgrhajhrajh`gksvmtrhqumtl`lhk,htigkahsmkkmuvhguslthlkthrkht,struaturgutmur`htrmlsagkgux`ltmrlgux>ihbrgk`puoila,igamddukgutsalhktlquhhtihspgrthkglrhsgbrlamihshtamkmdlquhs.

?8cvrlhrIgDutuhiihsmalgihgbrlamihhtiLkrgrhkmuvhiihktihurgaamr`qulkquhkkgi`hammprgtlmkhtpmursulvhktigprmùatlmkamknmlkth`tu`hsht `hrhajhrajhssurihdpimlgbrlamih.

?3cvrlhrNgaquhs@himrs,Vrsl`hkt`h igAmddlsslmk`higAmddukguthurmphkkh`h7`h ihurshknhuxihurutlilsgtlmkamddhmutli`vgiugtlmk`hsprgtlquhsgbrlamihsmuamddhgl`hig`kltlmk`hpmiltlquhspuoilquhspmurigbhstlmkamiihatlvh`hsrhssmurahskgturhiihs.71shpthdorhVmsh`hig7rh plhrrh`hilkcrgstruaturh`hrhajhrajhpmuriihvgbh`hdmktgbkhsurihslthLkrg`hDgrahkgt,guxats`hVlhrrh_lagr`,QBG_`higrblmkGuvhrbkh,GiglkOusslrh,Slah-Vrsl hktù Amkshli rblmkgi `Guvhrbkh,Slkahkt@hsamhur,Vrsl`hktùAmkshlibkrgiùAgktgihtGiglkDgrihlx,`putXDVùAgktgi.

?0shpthdorhILkrghtigrblmkGisgahslbkhktukh

amkvhktlmk-ag`rh `hammp rgtlmk, rgfirdgktihxahiihkah`hsrhajhrajhsdhkhssurih vlkhtrhkcmrgktigaas`hs qulphssalhktlquhsguxkgkahdhktshurmphksmugux amiigomrgtlmkstrgkscrmktgilrhs.

Matmorh2-


7/158

671


?

g?671

67?

_gppmrtgkkuhi Cgltsdgrqugkts salhktlquhs

QAX_LP GILDHKPGL_H DMK@LGIH HP AJGKBHDHKP BIMOGXZ

?

Vrlx& `lstlkatlmksIhs igurlhrs h iLkrg

Omurshs u amkshli hurmphk h ig rhajhrajh > ?671, uk omk dliisldh pmur iLkrg

@hux prmnhts Lkrg ramdphkss pgr ukh omursh ?671 u Cmk`s Crgkah Ohrehihy

Ihs amkmdlsths u pgrthdhkt QGH? ijmkkhur

@hux prlx pmur Qogstlhk @upihssls h iXD_-LGD

_mig Hi-Gdli, tu`lgkth hk matmrgt h iLkrg Shrsgliihs-Brlbkmk, Vrlx Nhgklh Omrigub Iguoh Rmdhk lk Prltlaud

671


8/158


678

7

g?671

V_LZ & @LQPLKAPLMKQ

Ihs igurlhrs `h iLkrg

Ars pmur ramdphkshr `hs pgramurs rhdgrqugoihs gu shlk `h iLkrg, ihs Igurlhrs liiustrhkt bgihdhkt ig lvhrslt`hs dtlhrs rgsshdois gu shrvlah `h ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh. Ig ardmklh `hs Igurlhrs amkstltuh glksl ukvrltgoih thdps cmrt `gks ig vlh `h iLkstltut. Ahst bgihdhkt imppmrtuklt `h rgpphihr quh ahst brah ihkshdoih`h shs ajhrajhurs, lkbklhurs ht thajklalhks quh kmtrh Lkstltut maauph ukh pigah `h prhdlhr mr`rh `gks ihs

lstrhkts amsystdhs `h rhajhrajh ht lkkmvgtlmk, ht quli hst rhamkku amddh uk gathur dgnhur `h ig salhkah,hk Crgkah amddh ilkthrkgtlmkgi. Ahtth SLLLh ltlmk g hk mutrh liiustr ig phrtlkhkah `hs rhajhrajhs quh kmusdhkmks, pulsquh ahtth gkkh smkt lstlkbuhs `hs amktrloutlmks salhktlquhs ht thajklquhs qul sh pigahkt guaur `hs prmaaupgtlmks `h ig smalt, amddh ihs rgppmrts hktrh igildhktgtlmk ht ig sgkt mu hktrh igbrlauiturhht ihkvlrmkkhdhkt, ht amddh ih smutlhk ig rhajhrajh mu ig amkshrvgtlmk ht ig vgimrlsgtlmk `hs rhssmurahsbktlquhs.

Igurlhr `h ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh

Igurlhr nhukh ajhrajhur

Igurlhr lkbklhur

Nhgk CLM_GDMKPL@lrhathur h rhajhrajh, pgrthdhkt Gildhktgtlmk judglkh, Pmuimush

Dlaegi JHK_\Ajgrb h rhajhrajh, uklt Gohliihs ht Hkvlrmkkhdhkt, Gvlbkmk

@mdlklquh OIGKAG_@Lkbklhur h rhajhrajh, uklt Qgkt ht Gbrmamimblh u Slbkmoih, Omr`hgux

Ahst pmur dml uk hkvlrmkkhdhkt h trgvgli gaauhliigkt ht muvhrt gux l`hskmuvhiihs ht gux pgramurs kmk amkvhktlmkkhis. Nh dy shks olhk pgui htsmuthku gks dhs rhajhrajhs

ILkrg kmus `mkkh ukh brgk`h ilohrt tmut hk kmusbul`gkt vhrs ig rhajhrajh kgilsh > ahst uk rhidmthur qul giilh salhkah ht ldpgat !

Wuhst-ah quh iLkrg pmur vmus =


Dg agrrlrh g t ukh sulth mppmrtuklts ht h ohiihs rhkamktrhs.Ihs amk`ltlmks h trgvgli smkt hxtrgs > ngl kmtgddhkt lspms ukh ilohrtahrtglkh ht h thdps, ah qul prmaurh u piglslr ajhrajhr. Xkh omkkhrhajhrajh mlt trh ldprbkh mu gvmlr hk phrsphatlvh ig rsmiutlmkùkh prmoidgtlquh gbrmkmdlquh


Nhgk Clmrgdmktl g rgils ukh rhdgrqugoih agrrlrh hk pjyslmimblh bgstrm-lkthstlkgih amktrlougkt `h kmdorhux rsuitgts dgnhurs rhamkkus guklvhgu lkthrkgtlmkgi. @amuvrhur lkbklhux, li sh igkah gks ig dmtrlaltù tuoh `lbhstlc Gtthktlc ig prmbrhsslmk `h ig rhajhrajh d`lagih,phrsplagah, ah ajhrajhur g su hkbgbhr smk uklt puls smk `pgrthdhktvhrs ihs tjdgtlquhs kmvgtrlahs h sg `lsalpilkh.

ig sulth uk pgramurs gag`dlquh lkthrkgtlmkgi hksh, Dlaegi Jhkry,ajhrajhur gajgrk, g puoil trhkth-slx gks pius `h vlkbt grtlaihs hkamimblh amdpmrthdhktgih ht spgtlgih. _crhkt dmk`lgi sur ihs ajguvhs-smurls trmplagihs nusquhk ?66 nmos.lkrg.cr/Kms-dhtlhrs/Vmrtrglts/Nhgk-Clmrgdmktl

Ilrh ih pmrtrglt hk lktbrgilt sur > nmos.lkrg.cr/Kms-dhtlhrs/Vmrtrglts/Dlaeghi-Jhkry

G ig armlsh `h ig rhajhrajh ht `hs ilrhs ibudhs, tgoga ht vlbkh,@mdlklquh Oigkagr`, lkbklhur pjytmpgtjmimblsth, g gaquls ukhhxphrtlsh hxahptlmkkhiih sur ih `lgbkmstla ht itlmimblh hs dgig`lhs hs

pigkths quli dht lspmsltlmk h tmus. Pmuth sg dgrajh hst ogsh surimrbgklsgtlmk ht ig trgksdlsslmk h shs sgvmlrs, plilhrs h lvhrs mutlis whoht dmolihs l`gatlquhs ht lkkmvgkts.

@lgbkmstla sur tmlih `hs dgig`lhs vbtgihs

Ilrh ih pmrtrglt hk lktbrgilt sur > nmos.lkrg.cr/Kms-dhtlhrs/Vmrtrglts/@mdlklquh-Oigkagr

Ihs dhdorhs u nury salhktlquh lkthrkgtlmkgiCr`rla @gr`hi, Vrsl`hkt u Amkshli salhktlquh h iLkrg ht Vrsl`hkt h iXklvhrslt Vgrls S @hsagrths 5Klbhi Ormwk, Vrhdlhr Slah-prsl`hkt ibu ig pmiltlquh h rhajhrajh h iXklvhrslt`H`ldomurb, _mygudh-Xkl 5 Eigus Crmjohrb, Lkstltut amkmdlh h igildhkt ht hsrhssmurahs, Cgauit gbrlauiturh, Xklvhrslt h Omkk, Giihdgbkh 5 Dgbblh Blii, Amkshliirhù Bmuvhrkhdhkt amssgls pmur ihs gstglrhs rurgihs ht ihkvlrmkkhdhkt, Hamssh 5 NgaquhsN. Khhthsmk, @lrhathur h iXklt `hs systdhs gbrlamihs, Vigkt _hshgraj Lkthrkgtlmkgi,Rgbhklkbhk, Vgys-Ogs 5 Vhrh Vulb`mdhkhaj, @lrhathur h iLkstltut h olmimblhdmiauiglrh h Ograhimkh, Hspgbkh 5 Aigu`h Vlajgr`, D`halk-ajhc u shrvlah h kutrltlmk, Jpltgux uklvhrsltglrhs hBhkvh, Qulssh 5 Blushpph Qagrgsalg-Dubkmzzg, @lrhathur h i Lkstltut h olmimblh gbrmhkvlrmkkhdhktgih ht cmrhstlrh,Vmrgkm, Ltgilh.

A.Q

igbdui`hr/Lkrg

A.Q

igbdui`hr/Lkrg

A.Q

igbdui`hr/Lkrg


9/158


7

g?671

V_LZ & @LQPLKAPLMKQ V_LZ & @LQPLKAPLMKQ

Igurlhr `h igppul ig rhajhrajh

Igurlhr `h igppul ig rhajhrajh

Nmslgkh WX_G`nmlkth thajklquh `h rhajhrajh, Lkstltut `h Bktlquh, Hkvlrmkkhdhkt ht Vrmthatlmk `hs Vigkths

Dgryilsh B_GPG@MXZBhstlmkkglrh h iuklt h Slrmimblh ht L ddukmimblh dmiauiglrh

Ngldh ohguamup dldpilquhr `gks ahtth rhajhrajhpgsslmkkgkth hk qulph. Vmuvmlr sulvrh `h G îg sihatlmk vbtgih hst trs hkrlajlssgkt !


Nh dy suls tmunmurs olhk piu ! Vmur dml, iLkrg hstukh brgk`h cgdliih m h duitlpihs amdpthkahssgssmalhkt, sh amdpithkt, pmur hsthatuhr hsrhajhrajhs ht prmùlrh h ig amkkglssgkah ht hsgvgkahs salhktlquhs gu shrvlah `h igbrlauiturhht h ig pmpuigtlmk


Gdmurhush `h ig omtgklquh ht `h ig bktlquh, Nmslgkh Wur òuthsg agrrlrh iLkrg hk tgkt quh dglk-ùvrh maagslmkkhiih ig stgtlmk`gdilmrgtlmk `h ig pmddh `h thrrh `h Vimu`gklhi ù `pgrthdhktsgkt hs pigkths ht hkvlrmkkhdhkt. Vgsslmkkh, kh sgajgkt ngdgls lrhkmk gux rhspmksgolilts qumk iul amkh, hiih gaamdpgbkh ig rvmiutlmk

`h ig sihatlmk vbtgih, gaqurgkt rgpl`hdhkt ihs amkkglssgkahs ht ihsmutlis dm`hrkhs `h ig olmimblh dmiauiglrh, ahal gprs gvmlr amktrlouphk`gkt 78 gks tmus ihs trgvgux h agrgatrlsgtlmk h dgtrlhi vbtgi`lvhrs gu ajgdp ht hk shrrh. Phajklalhkkh `h igomrgtmlrh `h cgatm, hiihprmsphath gunmur`jul iG@K `h pigktuihs `h pmddhs `h thrrh pmursihatlmkkhr ihs rslstgkahs gu kdgtm`h eysths,Bimom`hrg pgiil`g.

_hspmksgoihg`dlklstrgtlvhhtkgkalrh`hiuklt`hrhajhrajhhkvlrmimblhhtlddukmimblhdmiauiglrh`hiLkrg`h Nmuy-hk-Nmsgs,DgryilshBrgtg muxgssurhig cmkatlmk`gppul g`dlklstrgtlchk ammr mkkgktig bhstlmk`h igpmiltlquh salhktlquh. Hiih gaamdpgbkh ih qumtl`lhk `hs nmos.lkrg.cr/Kms-dhtlhrs/Vmrtrglts/Nmslgkh-Wuhrh

Ilrh ih pmrtrglt hk lktbrgilt sur > nmos.lkrg.cr/Kms-dhtlhrs/Vmrtrglts/Dgryilsh-Brgtg mux

Omurshs ù amkshlihurmphk `h ig rhajhrajh >?671, uk omk dliisldhpmur iLkrg

Igdoltlmk `hs omurshs ù Amkshli hurmphk `h ig rhajhrajh (H_A)hst `h cgvmrlshr ihs dhliihurhs rhajhrajhs `gks ig amursh igamkkglssgkah lkthrkgtlmkgih. Qlx ajhrajhurs Lkrg smkt ramdphkss`gks ih ag`rh `hs gpphis prmnhts ?671 `h iH_A ù 2 h prmbrgddh

ag`rh `h rhajhrajh `vhimpphdhkt `h ig Amddlsslmk hurmphkkh(VA_@). Ilsg Rlkbgth ht Qyivglk _gstghih smkt igurgts ùkh omursh Qtgrtlkb Brgkts , Milvlhr Ohrthgu ht Milvlhr Jgdgkt rhmlvhkt, qugkt hux, ukh omursh gks ig agtbmrlh Amksmil`gtmr Brgkts . Go`hijgÒhk`gjdgkh ht Gktmlkh Erhdhr rhmlvhkt ukh omursh `gks ig agtbmrlh G`vgkah` Brgkts .

Hk ?671, ihs gpphis prmnhts tglhkt muvhrts `gks qugtrh agtbmrlhs >ihs Qtgrtlkb Brgkts , ihs G vgkah` Brgkts , ihs Amksmil`gtmrBrgkts ht ihs Qykhrby Brgkts , gvha pmur monhatlc amdduk `hsmuthklr, sur ih shui arltrh `h ihxahiihkah, `hs prmnhts `h rhajhrajhhxpimrgtmlrhs, kmvgthurs ht gdoltlhux, muvrgkt ig vmlh `h kmuvhiihsgvgkahs salhktlquhs ht thajkmimblquhs. @mths h 066 dliilmks hurms,ihs omurshs H_A Qtgrtlkb Brgkts , rshrvhs gux nhukhs ajhrajhursnustlgkt ùkh hxprlhkah `h ? 2 gks gprs ih `matmrgt, phrdhtthktgux igurgts `h arhr ihur prmprh qulph `h rhajhrajh brah ukhomursh pmuvgkt sihvhr ? dliilmks `hurms pmur 8 gks. 828 dliilmks`hurms smkt giimus gux omurshs H_A `gks ig agtbmrlh Amksmil`gtmrBrgkts . Vmuvgkt sihvhr ?,28 dliilmks hurms, hiihs smkt hstlkhs guxajhrajhurs pmss`gkt hktrh 2 ht 7 ? gks `hxprlhkah hpuls imothktlmk`h ihur `matmrgt, gvha uk pgramurs salhktlquh trs prmdhtthur. @mths`h 336 dliilmks hurms, ihs omurshs H_A G`vgkah` Brgkts , gttrlouhs `hs salhktlquhs rhamkkus ihg`hrs `hxahptlmk `gks ihur gatlvlt `hrhajhrajh, phuvhkt, qugkt hiihs, gtthlk`rh 1,8 dliilmks `hurms.

@hux igurgts Lkrg pmur ihs H_A Amksmil`gtmr Brgkts

:,8% hs 1 366 prmnhts pmss smkt sihatlmkks. Ih kmdorh h prmnhtsrhthkus pmrts pgr `hs chddhs hst hk jgussh, ?0% ahtth gkkh amktrh??,8% hk ?67?. Ihs 17? salhktlquhs igurgts, `h 11 kgtlmkgilts`lstrhkths, trgvgliihkt gu shlk `lkstltuts ogss gks ?7 pgys hurmphks.Ig Crgkah burh pgrdl ihs pgys ihg`hrs hk thrdhs `mrbgklsdhs`h rhajhrajh gaauhliigkt `hs igurgts (gvha ih _mygudh-Xkl htiGiihdgbkh), ht hk thrdhs `h ajhrajhurs `h kgtlmkgilt crgkglsh(gvha ihs Giihdgk`s ht ihs Ltgilhks). Ih tgux h russlth Lkrg pgr rgppmrtgu kmdorh h agk`l`gturhs smudlshs sivh 86%.

Igurlhr u Nhukh ajhrajhur Lkrg hk ?676, Milvlhr Ohrthguhst ajgrb hrhajhrajh ilkstltut Dlagils (Dlarmolmimblh h igildhktgtlmk gu shrvlah`h ig sgkt, uklt dlxth h rhajhrajh Lkrg-GbrmVgrlsPhaj) Nmuy-hk-Nmsgs.Qmk prmnht Km_gAjhd(7), ilkthrcgah hktrh ig ajldlh ht ig olmimblh,

vlsh tu`lhr ukh cgdliih hkzydhs dhrbhkths agtgiysgkt hs rgatlmksajldlquhdhkt `lfialihs ht ldpilquh `gks `hs prmahssus ais ù vlvgktthis quh ig olmsyktjsh `h vltgdlkhs, `gktlolmtlquhs mu ig rpgrgtlmk`h iG@K. Ihknhu hst `h àrypthr ihs dagklsdhs `h ahs kmuvhiihshkzydhs pmur `vhimpphr, pgr ukh gpprmajh `h olmimblh syktjtlquh,`hs agtgiyshurs lkkmvgkts, rhsphatuhux h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt. Ahtth omursh,ùk dmktgkt `h ? dliilmks `hurms sur alkq gks, shrg prlkalpgihdhktutlilsh pmur ih rharuthdhkt `h nhukhs ajhrajhurs ht igaqulsltlmk`qulphdhkts `h pmlkth pmur itu`h `h ahs dtgiimhkzydhs.

Igurlhr u Nhukh ajhrajhur Lkrg hk ?67?, Milvlhr Jgdgkt hst ajgrb `hrhajhrajh iuklt dlxth `h rhajhrajh _hprmùatlmk ht `vhimpphdhkt`hs pigkths (Lkrg-AK_Q-HKQ Iymk-XAO Iymk 7). Imonhatlc `h smk prmnht Dhajgkm@hvm(?) hst `l`hktlhr ih rih `hs vmlhs `h trgksùatlmk`h strhss dagklquhs (dagkmtrgksùatlmk) `gks ih `vhimpphdhkt`hs pigkths. Li sgblt ùk prmnht `h rhajhrajh cmk`gdhktgih htlkthr`lsalpilkglrh mkt igdoltlmk hst h dlhux amdprhk`rh amddhkt igarmlssgkah ukh pigkth phut hk rhtmur amktrihr igatlvlt hs bkhs. Ihdmktgkt `h ig omursh, 7,: dliilmk `hurms sur alkq gks, shrg utlils pmur`vhimpphr h kmuvhiihs thajkmimblhs h olmdagklquh ahiiuiglrh ht pmurih rharuthdhkt `h nhukhs ajhrajhurs.

@hux igurgts Lkrg pmur ihs H_A Qtgrtlkb Brgkts

Ih kmdorh `h prmnhts sihatlmkks pmrts pgr `hs chddhs `gks ahtthagtbmrlh pmur i`ltlmk ?671 g pmur ig prhdlrh cmls gtthlkt 16%(?0% hk ?67?). smkt`lstlkbus ?:2 nhukhs ajhrajhurs `h 10 kgtlmkgilts `lstrhkths,ht gppgrthkgkt 73? mrbgklsdhs `h rhajhrajh trgvhrs iHurmph `mktukh ajhrajhush ht uk ajhrajhur Lkrg. Ih tgux h russlth Lkrg pgr rgppmrtgu kmdorh h agk`l`gturhs smudlshs sivh 06%.

Ilsg Rlkbgth, ajhrajhush iuklt amimblh cmkatlmkkhiih ht pjyslquh`h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt (Hpjysh) ù ahktrh `h Omr`hgux, hst ig `huxldhchddh mothklr ahtth omursh iLkrg. Ah kgkahdhkt, ùkh jguthur`h 7,2 dliilmk `hurms sur alkq gks, iul phrdhttrg `h prmimkbhr shstrgvgux sur ih rih hs dlarmmrbgklsdhs u smi `gks ihs ux h agromkhgtdmspjrlquh iajhiih dmk`lgih. Hiih tu`lh pius pgrtlauilrhdhktigkjy`rgsh agromklquh dlarmolhkkh, ukh hkzydh mkt hiih hxpimrh ihsdagklsdhs `h rbuigtlmk `gks `lstrhkts amsystdhs ht amk`ltlmkshxprldhktgihs, gk `gdilmrhr ig amdprjhkslmk ù ayaih ùagromkh(1). Iutlilsgtlmk `h ahtth omursh shrg prlkalpgihdhkt ``lh igcmrdgtlmk ukh kmuvhiih qulph ht ig amkstruatlmk uk igomrgtmlrh gvha`hs qulphdhkts h pmlkth iuklt Hpjysh h Omr`hgux.Qyivglk _gstghih, ajhrajhur gu igomrgtmlrh `hs Lkthrgatlmks pigkths -

(7)Kmvhi rg`lagi ajhdlstry cmramdpihxphptl`hsyktjhslsgk` hkblkhhrlkb.(?)Dhajgklagi slbkgislk pigkts>crmd ahi-iuigrdhajgklsds tm brmwtj ammr`lkgtlmkgk`pgtthrklkb.(1)Agromkla gkjy`rgsh>wjhrhtjh AM?,AMQ gk`J?M ayaihsdhht.

673

A.Q

igbdui`hr/Lkrg

A.Q

igbdui`hr/Lkrg


10/158


7

g?671

V_LZ & @LQPLKAPLMKQ

dlarmmrbgklsdhs (ILVD), uklt dlxth `h rhajhrajh Lkrg-AK_Q `h iLkrg`h Pmuimush, g mothku ukh omursh `h 7,8 dliilmk `hurms sur alkq gkspmur smk prmnht SgrlRjld(0) `hstlk iutthr amktrh ih ajgdplbkmkQaihrmtlklg saihrmtlmrud, qul prmvmquh `ldpmrtgkts `bts sur ihsauiturhs migblkhushs ht dgrgajrhs. Qyivglk _gstghih hst ih huxldhajhrajhur crgkgls mothklr ukh omursh Qtgrtlkb Brgkts `gks ih`mdglkh `hs Olmthajkmimblhs out kmk d`lagi `hpuls ig argtlmkù prmbrgddh hk ?662. Ah kgkahdhkt iul phrdhttrg `h dmkthr ukhqulph `h slx phrsmkkhs ht `h arhr ihs mutlis ht rhssmurahs pmur dhkhr olhk ah prmnht.

@hux igurgts Lkrg pmur ihs H_A G`vgkah` Brgkts

? 066 prmnhts smkt `pmss, gvha uk tgux `h russlth `h 7?%.Qhuis 71% `hs prmnhts sihatlmkks smkt pmrts pgr `hs chddhs.Ihs ?:0 ajhrajhurs amkrds igurgts smkt h ?2 kgtlmkgilts lstrhkthsht ogss `gks 786 mrbgklsdhs `h rhajhrajh hurmphks, `mkt `huxajhrajhurs Lkrg. Ih tgux `h russlth Lkrg pgr rgppmrt gu kmdorh`h agk`l`gturhs smudlshs sivh 86%.

Go`hijg` Ohk`gjdgkhhst `lrhathur `h rhajhrajh iuklt dlxth`h rhajhrajh Bkmdlquh vbtgih (Lkrg-AK_Q-Xklvhrslt Hvry-Sgi`Hssmkkh) `h iLkrg Shrsgliihs-Brlbkmk. Qmk prmnht(8)vlsh iual`hr ihsdagklsdhs h thrdlkgtlmk u shxh hs pigkths ht `h ig pgrtjkmagrplh gptltu`h prmùlrh `hs crults sgks camk`gtlmk, `mka hxhdpts `h

brglkhs pmur gdilmrhr ihs auiturhs. Ahtth omursh, ùk dmktgkt `h?,8 dliilmks `hurms sur alkq gks, shrg prlkalpgihdhkt utlilsh pmurih rharuthdhkt `h nhukhs ajhrajhurs ht ig rgilsgtlmk `gkgiyshsdmiauiglrhs ht pjkmtyplquhs `gks uk out `h arhr `h kmuvhguxprmtmtyphs h pigkths.

Gktmlkh Erhdhr, igurlhr `h ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh hk ?677, hst`lrhathur `h rhajhrajh iuklt dlxth `h rhajhrajhs Olm`lvhrslt,bkhs ht amddukguts (Lkrg-Xklvhrslt Omr`hgux 7) iLkrg `hOmr`hgux. Qmk prmnht(3), `mt ùkh omursh `h ?,8 dliilmks `hurms,g pmur monhatlc `hstldhr ig vlthssh igquhiih ihs grorhs vmiuhkt gupigk bktlquh hk rpmksh gux prhsslmks `h sihatlmk lkùlths pgrihs ajgkbhdhkts hkvlrmkkhdhktgux. Ihkshdoih ù prmnht pmrth surtrmls ajhiihs `h thdps > ijmimakh (gu amurs ù rajgusthdhkt lkùlt`hpuls ig `hrklrh bigalgtlmk), igktjrmpmakh (`hpuls ih rajgusthdhktamksautlc gu phtlt bh bigalglrh) ht ipmquh amkthdpmrglkh. Ihkshdoih`hs dagklsdhs vmiutlcs shrmkt gsshdois `gks uk dmthur `hslduigtlmk pmur phrdhttrh h pr`lrh ihs ajgkbhdhkts vmiutlcs cuturs.

Ig omursh shrg prlkalpgihdhkt utlilsh pmur ih rharuthdhkt `hpmst-`matmrgkts ht ig rgilsgtlmk `gkgiyshs dmiauiglrhs htpjkmtyplquhs.

(0)Xk`hrstgk`lkbRjlth Dmi``lshgsh qugktltgtlvhrhslstgkahuslkb kgturgiSgrlgtlmk.(8)Xkrgvhilkbshx hthrdlkgtlmk gk`pgrtjhkmagrpy dhajgklsdstm ldprmvharmps.(3)Crmd Jmimahkhtm Gktjrmpmahkh>tjh pgahmc dlarmhvmiutlmk lk trhhs.

@hux prmnhts Lkrgramdphksspgr ukh omursh ?671ù Cmk`s Crgkah-Ohrehihy

Ih prmnht `h rhajhrajh hk olmimblh `h ig rhprmùatlmk `JikhNgddhs, `h iuklt Olmimblh ù `vhimpphdhkt ht rhprmùatlmkù ahktrh Lkrg `h Nmuy-hk-Nmsgs, ht `hs trgvgux hk amkmdlh `hsdgrajs dhks pgr Aiglrh Ajgdomiih, `h iuklt Gildhktgtlmk ht

salhkahs smalgihs, iLkrg Lvry-sur-Qhlkh ht Qtpjgkh Purmiig, h iukltQdgrt-Ihrham iLkrg `h _hkkhs(7), burhkt pgrdl ihs igurgts `hs prlx?671 u Cmk`s Crgkah-Ohrehihy.

Ajgquh gkkh, ih prmbrgddh h omurshs hst muvhrt gux prmnhts smudlsamknmlkthdhkt pgr uk prmchsshur mu uk ajhrajhur tltuigrls hs uklvhrslts`h Agilcmrklh XA Ohrehihy, XA @gvls, mu ù Igwrhkah Ohrehihy KgtlmkgiIgomrgtmry ht pgr uk prmchsshur mu uk ajhrajhur tltuigrls ùk lkstltutpuoila `h rhajhrajh mu ùkh lkstltutlmk `hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhurcrgkgls. Ihs agk`l`gturhs smkt gaahpths `gks tmus ihs `mdglkhs >Ihttrhs, Qalhkahs smalgihs, Qalhkahs hxgaths, Qalhkahs gppilquhsmu Qalhkahs `h ilkbklhur.

Jikh Ngddhs, `lrhatrlah `h rhajhrajh, hst prldh pmur smkprmnht pmrtgkt sur ig amktrloutlmk `h ajgquh giiih pgrhktgi `gks ih`vhimpphdhkt h ihdorymk ht u pigahktg ajhz ihs omvlks (?). Ah prmnhtprmpmsh mothklr ht h amdolkhr hs mkkhs jgut olt h bkmdlquh(squhkgbh ù bkmdh ht rhamkstltutlmk `hs jgpimtyphs pgrhktgux),`plbkmdlquh (`thrdlkgtlmk `h ig dtjyigtlmk giiilquh) ht `htrgksarlptmdlquh (`thrdlkgtlmk h ihxprhsslmk hs bkhs spalquhsùk giiih spalquh). Jikh Elhchr ht Kgtjgilh Ohgunhgk, ajhrajhurs

`h iuklt, pgrtlalphkt gussl ah prmnht, smuthku pgr ih `pgrthdhktVjyslmimblh gkldgih ht systdhs ìhvgbh `h iLkrg gvha igttrloutlmkùkh `hdl-omursh `h tjsh. Ahs trgvgux smkt dhks hk amiigomrgtlmkgvha Vgoim _mss, @hpgrtdhkt mc Gkldgi Qalhkah, Xklvhrslty m c Agilcmrklg,@gvls. Ih smutlhk `h ig cmk`gtlmk Crgkah Ohrehihy g pmur vmagtlmk `hprmdmuvmlr ihs ajgkbhs h salhktlquhs shklmrs ht surtmut h matmrgktshktrh ihs `hux igomrgtmlrhs amkahrks.

Ihs amkmdlsths Aiglrh Ajgdomiihht Qtpjgkh Purmiig, ajgrbs `hrhajhrajh iLkrg, smkt ramdphkss pmur ihur prmnht amksgar ildpgat`hs cuslmks gks ih shathur h ig lstrloutlmk sur ihs prlx h igildhktgtlmkhk Crgkah(1). Ihurs trgvgux prmpmshkt ukh dtjm`mimblh phrdhttgkt`vgiuhr rtrmsphatlvhdhkt ihs hsthts gktlamkaurrhktlhis ùkh cuslmksur ihs prlx `hs prmùlts gildhktglrhs. tltrh `hxhdpih, lis tu`lhktildpgat ukh cuslmk hktrh hux brgk`s lstrlouthurs crgkgls sur ihs prlxht dhtthkt hk vl`hkah lstrhkts dagklsdhs h jgussh hs prlx pgr ihs

`lstrlouthurs gu klvhgu imagi. Ah prmnht hst dhk hk amiigomrgtlmk gvhaDgrlh-Igurh Giiglk, ajgrbh `h rhajhrajh gu AK_Q ht Qmpjlg O. Sliigs-Omgs, @hpgrtdhkt mc Gbrlauiturgi gk` _hsmurah Hamkmdlas, Xklvhrslty mcAgilcmrklg, Ohrehihy.

(7)Iukltdlxth `hrhajhrajh Qdgrt-Ihrham hstamdpmsh `hiuklt Qtruaturhshtdgrajs gbrlamihs,rhssmurahsht thrrltmlrhs(Lkrg-GbrmagdpusMuhst) iLkrg`h_hkkhs, htù igomrgtmlrh`tu`hsht `hrhajhrajhs hk amkmdlh iLkrg hKgkths.(?)Vrmnht HplVgP> HplbhkhtlaVgrhktgi Prgaelkb- G systhdsolmimby gpprmgaj tmuk`hrstgk`pgrhktgi sphalaamktrloutlmkstm hdorym gk` pigahktg `hvhimpdhkt.(1)Pjh ldpgatmc rhtgli dhrbhrsmk cmm`prlahs> Hvl`hkahcrmd Crgkah.

67: V_LZ & @LQPLKAPLMKQ

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg

Lkrg

Ih prmnhtSgrlRjld `h Qyivglk_gstghih, slksarlt`gks ukamkthxth m ihs

ajgdplbkmks pgtjmbkhs amkstltuhktukh dhkgah armlssgkth pmur igolm`lvhrslt

htig prmùatlmkgildhktglrh dmk`lgih.

Ih prmnht`Jikh Ngddhs pmrth sur igamktrloutlmk `h ajgquh giiih pgrhktgi

`gks ih `vhimpphdhkt`h ihdorymkhtù pigahktg ajhzihs omvlks.


11/158


12/158

6?1


?

g?671

6??

_gppmrtgkkuhi Cgltsdgrqugkts salhktlquhs

QAX_LP GILDHKPGL_H DMK@LGIH HP AJGKBHDHKP BIMOGXZ

?

Dlsslmks& pgrthkgrlgtsAmksmil`hr ih systdh crgkgls h rhajhrajh & hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur

Gktlalphr, aiglrhr, ajgkbhr

Qh dmolilshr gutmur hs gpprmajhs dhrbhkths & hs brgk`s hknhux

Qtruaturhr & vgimrlshr kms gatlmks gks ihs thrrltmlrhs

Vmursulvrh imuvhrturh ilkthrkgtlmkgi

_hkcmrahr ih pgrthkgrlgt & ilkkmvgtlmk gvha ihs hktrhprlshs

@vhimpphr ihs pgrthkgrlgts gvha ih dmk`h gbrlamih

6?1

Nmurkhs `gaauhli`hs kmuvhguxgrrlvgkts `h iLkrg, Aihrdmkt-Chrrgk`, ihs 2,:ht< matmorh.


13/158


6?8

7

g?671

DLQQLMKQ & VG_PHKG_LGPQ

Ihs giilgkahs

ht ig strgtblh kgtlmkgih`h rhajhrajh

Ihkvlrmkkhdhkt, igildhktgtlmk, ih aildgt, ihgu, ig olm`lvhrsltht ihs thrrltmlrhs. Vrsl`h hpuls ?67? pgr Crgkmls Jmuiilhr,Giihkvl amksuith ig amddukgut salhktlquh ht hs pmrthurs

`hknhux smalm-amkmdlquhs pmur amktrlouhr iigomrgtlmk`h ig cuturh strgtblh kgtlmkgih `h rhajhrajh (QK_) ht igprmbrgddgtlmk h iGbhkah kgtlmkgih h rhajhrajh (GK_). Giihkvlpmursult gussl sg pmiltlquh h smutlhk gux systdhs moshrvgtlmkht `hxprldhktgtlmk pmur ig rhajhrajh hk hkvlrmkkhdhkt(Qmhrh). Hkk, smk amksmrtlud h vgimrlsgtlmk tjdgtlquh (ASP),kgka pgr ih prmbrgddh Lkvhstlsshdhkts `gvhklr, òuth shsprhdlhrs trgvgux `gks alkq `mdglkhs > ihs prmtlkhs vbtgihs 5ig rhd`lgtlmk `hs smis pmiius 5 ig olmimblh `h syktjsh pmur igolmamkmdlh 5 ihs thajkmimblhs moshrvgtlmk hkvlrmkkhdhktgihpmur igbrlauiturh ht ig bhstlmk `hs rlsquhs kgturhis 5 igstruaturgtlmk h imstrh h shrvlahs ils gu ajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh.ILkrg hst bgihdhkt dhdorh cmk`gthur `Gvlhsgk, pmur ihs

Amksmil`hr ih systdhcrgkgls h rhajhrajh& hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur

?671g tdgrquhpgr ukhlkthrgatlmkcmrthhktrhihs giilgkahsGiihkvl

htGiilsthkh.Hk qumlamkslsth-t-hiih=

@gksahtthlkthrgatlmk,ahstihpml sjlstmrlquh`hsamiigomrgtlmkssalhktlquhs

gvhaiLkrlg( igtth `Giilsthkh) qul g phs.Hk hstht, kmustrgvgliimks gvhahux`gksih `mdglkh`h igdmìlsgtlmkkudrlquhmudgtjdgtlquh,gvha`hsgppilagtlmks hk olmimblh(dmìlsgtlmk1@ `h ig armlssgkah`h pigkths)mu hk amimblh (dmìhs dgtjdgtlquhs pmurig `pmiiutlmk`h ihgu,muigpr`latlmk`hs qulilorhsdlarmolhks ùsmi). Cmrth`h ahsilhks smil`hs`hrhajhrajh,Giilsthkhg amktgatGiihkvl pmuramprmùlrh smusdg rhspmksgoliltukrgppmrtarmlsgktihsgatlvlts`hs `huxgiilgkahssurih tjdhKudrlquhhthkvlrmkkhdhkt 5 rgppmrt pgru igdl-?671,gvhapmurgxhahktrgiihshknhux ils igrhiihlkthrmprgolilt(gu shks`h igptltu`h ammprhr)guklvhgu`hs`mkkhs,`hsmutlishtddh`hs lkcrgstruaturhs.

Wuhiihssulthssmkt`mkkhsah prhdlhrrgppmrt=

Hk ?671, ih dlklstrh `h iHkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht `h ig _hajhrajh`hdgk`hajgaukh`hsgiilgkahs`hamktrlouhrigamkstruatlmk`higstrgtblhkgtlmkgih`hrhajhrajh.Ahiih-alsh struaturhpgr brgk s`ssmaltgux,gukmdorh`h`lx.Ihshptldh`hst``ligsmalt`hilkcmrdgtlmkht`higamdduklagtlmk.@gksig amktlkultùrgppmrtGiilsthkh-Giihkvl,ngl`mkapgrtlalpguxruklmksùbrmuph`hxphrtssalhktlquhspuoilashtprlvs,`mktigamktrloutlmkigQK_shrgrhkùhpuoilquhhk?670.

Igptltu`h ammprhr, gu klvhgu hs`mkkhs, hs mutlis ht hs lkcrgstruaturhs

Cr`rlae BG_ALGLkrg Pmuimush

Ajhc u pgrthdhktDgtjdgtlquhs ht lkcmrdgtlquh gppilquhs

(Dlg)

Lkrg

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg

salhkahs `h ig vlh ht `h ig sgkt, ht amkahrk pgr ihs trmls gutrhsgiilgkahs > Gtjhkg pmur ihs salhkahs judglkhs ht smalgihs (hk ?671,iLkrg hk g rhnmlkt ih `lrhatmlrh), Gkarh pmur ikhrblh (iLkrg hstamkahrk pgr ihs rhajhrajhs rhigtlvhs gux usgbhs h ig olmdgssh)ht Giilsthkh pmur ihs salhkahs u kudrlquh. Qulth ig amkcrhkahhkvlrmkkhdhktgih `h ?67? ht ig `hdgk`h `h ig dlklstrh `hiHkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht `h ig _hajhrajh, Giihkvl, Gtjhkght Gvlhsgk prmpmshkt amknmlkthdhkt uk pigk `gatlmk pmur ihsrhajhrajhs `gks ih `mdglkh Hkvlrmkkhdhkt Qgkt qul lkaiutiamtmxlamimblh ht ig tmxlamimblh.

Hk ?671, iLkrg amktlkuh h pgrtlalphrgatlvhdhkt gux giilgkahs kgtlmkgih`h ammr`lkgtlmk hs rhajhrajhs

8Ih kmdorh giilgkahs kgtlmkgihs h ammr`lkgtlmk

`hs rhajhrajhs Giihkvl, Gvlhsgk, Gtjhkg, Gkarh ht Giilsthkh


14/158


6?2

7

g?671


ILkrg ht ig iml HQ_

Ql ig iml HQ_ khdpmrth pgs `h omuihvhrshdhkts `gks ihcmkatlmkkhdhkt qumtl`lhk `h iLkrg, hiih khk lkuhkahpgs dmlks ih pgysgbh thrrltmrlgi, glksl quh ig kgturh `h shs

rhigtlmks gvha shs pgrthkglrhs. Ih rhbrmuphdhkt `hs uklvhrsltsqul hk àmuih, ht ig dlsh hk pigah ùkh ammr`lkgtlmk vlg ihsAmddukguts ùklvhrslts ht `tgoilsshdhkts (AMDXH), hkilhu ht pigah hs Vihs h rhajhrajh ht hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur( V_HQ ), mkt mrhs ht n t lkltls gks h kmdorhushs rblmksdgls smkt amkùlths shimk hs dm`gilts prmprhs ajgquh slth.

Wuhiih hst vmtrh vlslmk `h ig pigah `hs mrbgklsdhs h rhajhrajh gks

ihs AMDXH qul sh dhtthkt hk pigah =

Smus vmuihz lrh gks ihs rhbrmuphdhkts h slth qul sh dhtthkt hk pigah !Ihs AMDXH kh smkt pgs ihs shuihs cmrdhs h rhbrmuphdhkt prmpmshs pgrig iml pmur ihkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht ig rhajhrajh, qul prmpmsh `hsdm`gilts smupihs ht duitlpihs h ammprgtlmk. Ih dlklstrh klkthrvlhktpgs gks ih ajmlx hs dm`gilts h rhbrmuphdhkt, qul hst hktlrhdhkt hig rhspmksgolilt hs gathurs.Ahs rhbrmuphdhkts mkt pmur monhatlc dgnhur gdhkhr ihs gathurs ukslth igomrhr ukh vlslmk strgtblquh pgrtgbh ht ig pmiltlquh salhktlquhamddukh dhttrh hk uvrh, hk sgppuygkt sur ihs cmrahs gag`dlquhsht smalm-amkmdlquhs u thrrltmlrh.@gks ah lspmsltlc, ihs mrbgklsdhs h rhajhrajh ldpigkts sur ih thrrltmlrhsmkt lkvlts gppmrthr ihur pihlkh amktrloutlmk ig `ykgdlquh imagih,hk trmuvgkt ihs sykhrblhs g`qugths pgr rgppmrt ihur strgtblh`tgoilsshdhkt ht gux hknhux imagux, ht hk ajmlslssgkt ihs dhliihurhsdm`gilts `h ammprgtlmk gvha ihurs amiibuhs. Glksl, imrsquh ihrhbrmuphdhkt hst ukh AMDXH, lis phuvhkt ajmlslr `hk trh dhdorh mu`h slbkhr ukh amkvhktlmk h pgrthkgrlgt.

Smus gvhz gsslst ig slbkgturh h ig amkvhktlmk gvha iXklvhrslt h

Imrrglkh > quhk rhthkhz-vmus =

Hk gsslstgkt ahtth slbkgturh, ih dlklstrh g thku dgklchsthr smksmutlhk gux gathurs imrrglks. Ihur amkvhktlmk h slth hst uk prmtmtyph usystdh qul sh dht hk pigah gatuhiihdhkt. Hiih hst igomutlsshdhkt ukprmahssus qul shst amkstrult gu i hs gkkhs, gu thrdh ukh dgrajhvmimktglrh gssmalgkt piuslhurs mrbgklsdhs, ih AJX ht iuklvhrsltcuslmkkh `h Imrrglkh ht amkùlsgkt ig dlsh hk pigah ùkh pmiltlquhsalhktlquh `h slth. Wugk` mk sglt quhiih g t slbkh gvgkt ig`mptlmk`h ig iml HQ_, li `hvlhkt dgklchsth quh ah khst pgs ig iml qul g lkltl ihspmiltlquhs `h slth. Ah smkt ihs gathurs hux-ddhs qul mkt lksplr ihsthrdhs `h ig iml, igquhiih vlhkt hk gppul `h ihurs lkltlgtlvhs, pmur ihsrhkcmrahr, ihs gaamdpgbkhr ht lkalthr ihur lstuslm k. Ahst ilkvhrsh `h ig`dgrajh ahktrgilsh prmprh iHtgt crgkgls. Qgks muth hst-ah pmur ahigquh ahrtglks ky armlhkt pgs hkamrh !

@hs dm`gilts smupihs ht duitlpihs `h ammprgtlmk

_lajgr`\lkbhtPgkbuyDmrilhr/Rlelph`lg.mrb

Ig iml u ?? nuliiht ?671 rhigtlvh iHkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht ig

_hajhrajh (`lth iml HQ_ ) rmrbgklshihs rhigtlmks h iLkstltut gvhaihs uklvhrslts

76ILkrg g slbk 76 gaamr`s-ag`rhs hk ?671 gvha lvhrs

tgoilsshdhkts suprlhurs ht mrbgklsdhs h rhajhrajh

_mbhr BHKHP@lrhathur bkrgi `h ig rhajhrajh

ht h ilkkmvgtlmk

Dlklstrh h iùagtlmk kgtlmkgih,`h iHkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur

ht h ig _hajhrajh

Lkrg

Gaamr`s-ag`rhs slbks gvha hs tgoilsshdhkts hkshlbkhdhktsuprlhur ht h rhajhrajh hk rblmk hk ?671

tgoilsshdhkt @gth h slbkgturh

Xklvhrslt`Guvhrbkh 17/67/?671

Lkstltut kgtlmkgiVmiythajklquh `hOmr`hgux 63/7?/?671

XklvhrsltOiglshVgsagiAihrdmktLL 17/67/?671

Xklvhrslt`hIldmbhs 76/62/?671

Xklvhrslt`Glx-Dgrshliih 76/60/?671

ShtgbrmQup 17/67/?671

XklvhrsltCrgkmls_gohigls-Pmurs ??/6?/?671

Xklvhrslt`h_hkkhs7 61/7?/?671

Lkstltut kgtlmkgiVmiythajklquh `hPmuimush 7?/60/?671

HL-Vurpgk 71/68/?671

Glksl, ih 17 dgl ?671, g t amkaiuh ig prhdlrh amkvhktlmk `hpgrthkgrlgt ruklssgkt tmus ihs gathurs h ig rhajhrajh puoilquh iajhiih uk slth, hk imaaurrhkah imrrglk. Iuklvhrslt h Imrrglkh,ih AK_Q, iLkrlg, iLkshrd, ih AJX `h Kgkay ht iLkrg mkt àl``h pmshr ihs ogshs ùkh pmiltlquh `h slth gatlvh ht strgtblquhhk thrdhs `h rhajhrajh ht `lkkmvgtlmk, kmtgddhkt sur ihstjdgtlquhs `h ig bhstlmk ùrgoih `hs rhssmurahs kgturhiihs, `hikhrblh ht u bklh hs prma`s.

6?3


15/158


7

g?671

DLQQLMKQ & VG_PHKG_LGPQ6?:

Ih 77 nuliiht ?671, iLkrg slbkh igaamr` `h amksmrtlud rhigtlc iLkltlgtlvh `hxahiihkah Vgrls-Qgaigy. IL`hx rhbrmuph ?7 tgoilsshdhkts`hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht `h rhajhrajh sur ih thrrltmlrh ù pigthgu `hQgaigy, sltu gu kmr` h iHssmkkh ht gu su`-hst hs \vhilkhs, ukh vlkbtglkh`h elimdtrhs gu su` h Vgrls. @gks igtthkth h h ig argtlmk cmrdhiih`h ig amddukgut ùklvhrslts ht `tgoilsshdhkts Xklvhrslt Vgrls-Qgaigy, ah prmnht hst ammr`mkk pgr ig Cmk`gtlmk `h ammprgtlmksalhktlquh Agdpus Vgrls-Qgaigy.IL`hx pmursult qugtrh monhatlcs prlmrltglrhs > cmrdhr ht prmdmuvmlr ihs gathurs h hdglk hk giilgkt cmrdgtlmk pgr ig

rhajhrajh ht auiturh `h prmnht 5

rpmk`rh gux hxlbhkahs `h ig salhkah cmk`gdhktgih ht gux `ssalhktlquhs gttgajs gux brgk`s hknhux smaltgux ht idhrbhkah hkmuvhiihs tjdgtlquhs 5 gssurhr uk ilhk mrbgklquh hktrh rsuitgts h ig rhajhrajh ht

strgtblh lkkmvgtlmk 5 amktrlouhr gu rgymkkhdhkt lkthrkgtlmkgi h ig Crgkah hk dgtlrh h

rhajhrajh, hkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht lkkmvgtlmk.

Ihs gatlmks dhkhs amknmlkthdhkt pgr iLkrg ht smk pgrthkglrh Gbrm-VgrlsPhaj phrdhtthkt `lksarlrh ihs salhkahs ht ilkbklhrlh ù vlvgktpmur igbrlauiturh, igildhktgtlmk ht ihkvlrmkkhdhkt amddh iukh `hsamdpmsgkths tjdgtlquhs h ah prmnht gdoltlhux.

IL`hx Vgrls-Qgaigy

Ih 76 ngkvlhr ?671, iLkrg ht ih AK_Q slbkhkt uk gaamr`-ag`rh pmur ukhùrh h shpt gks. Gu-`hi hs ldpilagtlmks amknmlkths gks ihs uklts hrhajhrajh hs `hux tgoilsshdhkts, ahtth amkvhktlmk ag`rh ihs kmuvhiihstjdgtlquhs prlmrltglrhs lktrt pgrtgb > olmimblh vbtgih ht gkldgih(olmimblh lktbrgtlvh, bkmdlquh cmkatlmkkhiih, olmimblh hs systdhs),ihs salhkahs h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt ht ihs salhkahs amkmdlquhs ht smalgihs.Vmur iLkrg, li sgblt `h rhkcmrahr sg agpgalt dmolilshr `hs kmuvhiihs`lsalpilkhs ldpmrtgkths. Vmur ih AK_Q, li sgblt h rgpprmajhr ig rhajhrajh`h igatlmk `gks `hs `mdglkhs `h rhajhrajh this quh ahux `hs salhkahsù smi, h igbrmamimblh, h igildhktgtlmk. Hkk, ukh pmsltlmk pgrtgbhamkahrkgkt ig quhstlmk `h ilktrhsshdhkt ht `hs rbihs bkrgihsgppilagoihs gux rsuitgts salhktlquhs amdduks hst grrth.

Smlr ihktrhtlhk h Crgkmls Jmuiilhr ht Giglk Cuajs, V@B u AK_Q >lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Qtrgthblhs/Crgkah/Pmus-ihs-dgbgzlkhs/Gaamr`-

ag`rh-Lkrg-AK_Q

ILkrg ht ih AK_Q slbkhkt uk kmuvhi

gaamr`-ag`rh

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg

ILkrgSgi`hImlrhauitlvhsmkldgbhLk vlvm

Ih71 dgrs?671,Crgkmls Jmuiilhr,Vrsl`hkt-@lrhathurbkrgi hiLkrg,ImaSgliigkt, Vrsl`hkt`h iuklvhrsltCrgkmls-_gohigls`hPmursht Ohrkgr`_mhjrlaj,@lrhathur bkrgi u AJ_X`h Pmurs,lkguburhktih kmuvhgu shrvlah`ldgbhrlh lkvlvm `hig pigth-cmrdhAjlrurblhht ldgbhrlhpmur ig rhajhrajhht ihkshlbkhdhkt(Alrh)ù ahktrhLkrg Sgi `hImlrh.Ahtthdgklchstgtlmk shst`rmuihhkprshkah`h Cr`rlaPjmdgs,Vrsl`hktù amkshli bkrgi `Lk`rh-ht-Imlrhht `hVgtrlae _lhji,Slah-prsl`hktìbu ig rhajhrajhùamkshli rblmkgi u Ahktrh.

vgi-`h-imlrh.lkrg.cr/Pmuths-ihs-gatugilths/Lkguburgtlmk-AL_H

XkhgiilgkahpmurigolmamkmdlhhkCrgkah

LCVHkhrblhs kmuvhiihs(Lcphk) htiLkrg vlhkkhkt`h slbkhruk gaamr`-ag`rh`h amiigomrgtlmk salhktlquhht thajkmimblquh`gksih `mdglkh

`hig olmamkmdlh.Imonhatlc hst`h amkùlrhukh rhxlmk surihshknhux hig olmamkmdlhpmur ukhstrgtblh amddukh`h rhajhrajhht`lkkmvgtlmk.Ahtthamiigomrgtlmk sgppulhsur ihsamdpthkahsamdpidhktglrhs`hs `hux mrbgklsdhs`gksih `mdglkh`hsolmthajkmimblhshtsur ig prlmrltqulisgaamr`hkt gu `vhimpphdhkt`gpprmajhssystdlquhs.prhssh.lkrg.cr/prhssh?/_hssmurahs/Amdduklquhs-`h-prhssh/LCV-HK-ht-Lkrg-s-giilhkt-pmur-hkbgbhr-ukh-`ykgdlquh-`h-rhajhrajhs-pmur-ht-sur-ig-olmhamkmdlh-hk-Crgkah

XkhamkvhktlmkgvhaiXklvhrslt`Gvlbkmkht`hsVgys`hSguaiush

Ih3 àhdorh,CrgkmlsJmuiilhr slbkhig amkvhktlmk hstruaturhc`rgtlvh`h rhajhrajh(QC_)gvha iuklvhrslt`Gvlbkmk ht`hs Vgys`hSguaiushpmurc`rhr`hdgklrhtrgksvhrsgih`hsuklts`hrhajhrajh`h iuklvhrslt`Gvlbkmk ht`hs Vgys`h Sguaiush(XGVS)htù ahktrhLkrg `Gvlbkmk htglksl amkstrulrhukhmstrh `hrhajhrajhamjrhkthht phrcmrdgkth. Ihsprlkalpgux gathursamkmdlquhs ht`h`vhimpphdhktgu klvhgu rblmkgi htkgtlmkgi,hk pgrtlauilhrih pih`hamdptltlvlt VHLCI (Vihhurmphk `lkkmvgtlmk crultsht ibudhs)hk smktpgrthkglrhs.

O.Ohrthi/Lkrg

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg


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Ilkvhktglrh kgtlmkgi ?676 `hs dlsslmks crgkglshs `h bgz hstht `h shrrh (BHQ) gttrlouh igbrlauiturh 72,:% `h ahsdlsslmks hk qulvgihkts AM

?, `mkt ig rùatlmk hs dlsslmks h prmtmxy`h`gzmth ht h dtjgkh, ih stmaegbh h agromkh gks ihs smis ht igolmdgssh, iamkmdlh `khrblh ht ig prmùatlmk `khrblh ht `hdgtrlgux pgrtlr `h ig olmdgssh (rùatlmk `hs dlsslmks pgr

hstht `h suostltutlmk `hs khrblhs ht dgtrlgux cmsslihs). Ihsspalalts `hs dlsslmks `h BHQ `mrlblkh gbrlamih agrgatrh

71,8%Ahst ig pgr t hs dlsslmks dmk`lgihs h BHQ

ù shathur gbrlamih, hrrlrh ikhrblh ht ilkùstrlh

Gktlalphr, aiglrhr,ajgkbhr

Wuhiihssmktihssulthshkvlsgbhsmu`mkkhs igrhstltutlmk`hitu hsurigttkugtlmk`hsdlsslmks`hBHQ =Gu- hi `h sg dlshhk ògt puoilaimrs ù amiimquh `h rhstltutlmk, `hs

mrbgklsgtlmkslkthrkgtlmkgihs amddhiMA@H, ig CGM, ig Amddlsslmk ht ihVgrihdhkthurmphkssmiilalthktiLkrgpmurukh prshktgtlmk`hsamkaiuslmks`hahtrgvgli.Guklvhgukgtlmkgi,`hsògtshkrblmksmktmrbgklssamddhguahktrhLkrg`h Pmuimush hk kmvhdorh ?671mu imrs ùkh amkcrhkahrblmkgihOlmdgsshmrbgklshpgr ig@rggc `Mrigks,glksl quh`hs sgkahs`hcmrdgtlmkamddhahiih`hstlkhguxhxphrtsAildGbrl`h iG`hdhmuahiih`hiLkstltut`hcmrdgtlmk ihkvlrmkkhdhkt(Lcmrh)...Ihs rsuitgts`h itu`hmktbgihdhktt lktbrs`gks AildGbrl,mutliht `dgrajh`h`lgbkmstlakhrblh-bgz hstht `hshrrhpmur igbrlauiturhht ig cmrt, iajhiih `hsthrrltmlrhs,amkstrultht `lstuspgr iG`hdh.@h pius,itu`h`mkkhrgilhu ukhamktrloutlmkgukudrmquhigrhvuh KmthshtHtu`hsQmalm-Hamkmdlquhsamksgarhrgigbrlauiturhhtgu aildgt.

Igbrlauiturhsgpprth-t-hiih`hvhklrihshathurihpiusdhtthur`hBHQgudmk`hcgahigubdhktgtlmk`hig pmpuigtlmkht`h shsohsmlks=Li cgut `gomr rgpphihr quh ih shathur gbrlamih rhprshkth 71,8% `hsdlsslmks dmk`lgihs`h bgz hstht`h shrrhht grrlvh`hrrlrh`hsshathursamddhikhrblh mu ilkùstrlh.Ig pgrtlauigrltù shathur gbrlamih hst `hamktrlouhrcgloihdhkt ahsdlsslmks smuscmrdh `h`lmxy h `hagromkh(AM

?) dgls, ilkvhrsh, `trh rhspmksgoih ùkh trs brgk`h pgrtlh `hs

dlsslmks `h prmtmxy h `gzmth (K?M)ht `hdtjgkh(AJ

0),`huxbgz gux

hsthtspiusldpmrtgktsquh ihAM?.Ihs prhdlrhssmktprhsquhhxaiuslvhdhkt

ilhs igkltrlagtlmkht ig`kltrlagtlmk`h igzmth ùsmi,ht `mka ig

chrtlilsgtlmk `hssmis gbrlamihs 5 ihsshamk`hssmkt, pmurukh brgk`hpgrtlh,ùhs ig chrdhktgtlmkhktrlquh, `mka ig`lbhstlmk `hsrudlkgkts ht,`gksukh dmlk`rhdhsurh, gux`nhatlmksgkldgihs.G ilkvhrsh,ih shathurgbrlamih pmss`h, vlg igpjmtmsyktjsh, igagpgalt`h agpthrù agromkhgtdmspjrlquhhk gaauduigkt ùagromkh `gks igolmdgssh vbtgihhtigdgtlrhmrbgklquhù smi. Ihsdlsslmks`h bgz hstht `hshrrhpgrihshathurgbrlamih`ldlkuhkt,guamurs `hahs `hrklrhsgkkhs,`gks ihspgyslkùstrlgilssht,amddhihdmktrhitu`hdhkhpgr iLkrg,kms gbrlauiturhs`lspmshkthkamrhùkpmthktlhiamksquhkt`gttkugtlmk`hihursdlsslmks`hbgz hstht `hshrrh.Mk phutahphk`gktarglk`rh quguklvhgudmk`lgi,igaarmlsshdhkt`hs ohsmlkshkprmùltsgbrlamihskahssglrhspmur cglrhcgahgux`hdgk`hsgildhktglrhshtkmk gildhktglrhsùkhpmpuigtlmkdmk`lgiharmlssgkthkgubdhkthihs dlsslmks `hbgz hstht `hshrrh `higbrlauiturhdmk lgih, ht ah `gutgkt pius quhihs hsthts ù ajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquhrlsquhkt `h r ulrh ig prm uatlvlt gbrlamih hk piuslhurs rblmksais ùbimohamddh hk Gcrlquh, pgr hxhdpih.Ihknhu `hs prmajglkhs àhkklhshst`mka`h phrdhttrhukhvmiutlmk`h igprmùatlmkgbrlamihdmk`lgihhkg`qugtlmkgvha ihsvmiutlmks`dmbrgpjlquhs`hs `lstrhkthsrblmksùbimoh,tmuthkrùlsgktihsdlsslmks`hbgz hstht`h shrrhùshathur.

Kms gbrlauiturhs lspmshkt uk pmthktlhildpmrtgkt gttkugtlmk h ihurs dlsslmks

_ùatlmk`hs dlsslmks crgkglshs

`h bgz hstht `h shrrh >Lkrg l`hktlh `lx gatlmks

`lstus, lfiauit h dhsurh ht prmvhkgkt h prmahssus olmimblquhs rhk`hkt ahphk`gkt ihur qugktlagtlmk ht ihur ildltgtlmk`lfialihs. Ihs ?? hxphrts dmolilss l`hktlhkt `lx gatlmkspmrtgkt sur `hs prgtlquhs gbrlamihs susahptloihs `h amktrlouhr ig rùatlmk `hs dlsslmks `h BHQ ht/mu igaarmlsshdhktù stmaegbh `h agromkh `gks ihs smis ht ig olmdgssh. Igkgiysh

phrdht `hstldhr ih pmthktlhi `gttkugtlmk 1? dliilmks `htmkkhs qulvgihkt AM?ht hs amts/bglks lktrhssgkts pmur huxtlhrs hs gatlmks prmpmshs.

_htrmuvhz itu h BHQ sur >lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Dlsslmks/Haiglrhr-ihs-`halslmks

Ohrtrgk` QAJDLPPLkrg @lnmk

@lrhathur h ig @ibgtlmk ihxphrtlsh salhktlquh

amiihatlvh, ig prmsphatlvh ht gux tu`hs(@HVH)

LpsudImrhdLkrg?671

N.Rhohr/Lkrg

IG`hdh ht ihs dlklstrhs ajgrbs `higbrlauiturh ht h iamimblh hdgk`hkt iLkrg h rgilshr ukh tu`h surigttkugtlmk hs dlsslmks h bgz hstht h shrrh u shathur gbrlamihcrgkgls dtrmpmiltglk


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Ih Amdlt `tjlquhrhk` smk gvls sur ig

olmimblh `h syktjsh

61?

B.Agttlgu/Lkrg

Wuhiihs smkt ihs quhstlmks tjlquhs pmshs pgr ihssmr ht

ivmiutlmk h ig olmimblh h syktjsh gks ih ag`rh h ig rhajhrajh

gbrmkmdlquh = Wuhiihs hxlbhkahs tjlquhs pmur ih ajhrajhur =

Ig olmimblh `h syktjsh hst ukh kmuvhiih cgmk `tu`lhr ih vlvgkt, hkcglsgkt pgsshr ig olmimblh ùkh salhkah `hsarlptlvh ukh lkbklhrlh, htcglt rhsurblr ig quhstlmk ù kgturhi ht `h igrtlalhi, `h ihur `lstlkatlmkmu `h ihur amkcuslmk. Ahst gussl igdoltlmk ùkh olmthajkmimblh `hsldpilhr ih vlvgkt pgr ig rùatlmk `h shs cmkatlmks ahiihs rhqulshspgr ig rgilsgtlmk ùk out. Ig amkvhrbhkah `h thajkmimblhs ais(olmimblh, lkcmrdgtlquh, ajldlh) arh ihs amk`ltlmks `h idhrbhkah`h thajkmimblhs `h rupturh amkùlsgkt `h ilkkmvgtlmk gux kgiltshkamrh ldpralshs. Igvls rhamddgk`h `gomr`hr ihs quhstlmks kmuvhiihsqul sh pmshkt hk dgtlrh h prmprlt lkthiihatuhiih, glksl quhk dgtlrh`gkgiysh `hs rlsquhs, ù cglt ù agrgatrh lk`lt `h ahrtglks prmùlts`h ig olmimblh `h syktjsh. Glksl, ih Amdlt `tjlquh rhamddgk`h `h`vhimpphr ukh lkbklhrlh h ig saurlt sgkltglrh ht hkvlrmkkhdhktgihqul amktrlouhrg idhrbhkah ukh lkkmvgtlmk rhspmksgoih.

Wuhiih pmsltlmk ih Amdlt `tjlquh g`mpth-t-li sur ihs kmtlmks `h

prmbrs ht `lkkmvgtlmk, gu aur `hs rhajhrajhs dhttgkt hk uvrh

ig olmimblh h syktjsh =

Igppmrt mrlblkgi ù Amdlt tjlquh tlhkt gussl ig rhxlmk gpprmcmk`lh

quli dkh pmur amdprhk`rh ih ilhk mu igoshkah h ilhk qul hxlsth hktrhprmbrs ht lkkmvgtlmk gks ukh amkmdlh dgrquh pgr uk ux amkstgkt`lkkmvgtlmks ht pmur rh`mkkhr shks gu prmbrs. Ih Amdlt `tjlquhkhst pgs cgvmrgoih uk dmk`h lddmolih, ht ig gliihurs rgpphi gksig ilsth `h shs prlkalphs ht vgihurs. Kh rlhk cglrh qul smlt lrrvhrsloih ibgr h ig kgturh iul pgrgt ukh amkahptlmk utmplquh h ig prshrvgtlmk`h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt. Ijmddh, hpuls ih kmiltjlquh, dm`lh ih dmk`hqul ihktmurh, tmut hk dglkthkgkt hs rhigtlmks lkthr`phk`gkah gvhaihkshdoih `hs trhs vlvgkts, gkldgux ht vbtgux qul, hux-ddhs,amkshrvhkt ukh vlh prmprh. Ih Amdlt gfirdh, imaagslmk `h igvls surig olmimblh h syktjsh, quh ih prmbrs ldpilquh ukh smalt muvhrth guxlkkmvgtlmks thajklquhs, hk sgajgkt quli cgut ajhrajhr, gks ig dhsurh upmssloih, gkgiyshr ht prvmlr ildpgat h ahs lkkmvgtlmks sur ihs dm`hs`h vlh, ihur amktrloutlmk gu `vhimpphdhkt judglk, ht sgssurhr ùkpgrtgbh qultgoih `hs okahs quhiihs phuvhkt gppmrthr. Vmur quh ihprmbrs smlt rhi, quli sh trgùlsh pgr ukh gdilmrgtlmk `h ig sltugtlmk`hs chddhs ht `hs jmddhs ù dmk`h, li cgut vhliihr ilkstrulrh, ihbrhr, ih pgrtgbhr. Vmur surdmkthr ihs rgatlmks `h rslstgkah gu prmbrsqul slkstgiihkt, pgrcmls urgoihdhkt, gks ukh pgrtlh h ig pmpuigtlmk, licgut ig cmls amkvglkarh quh ihs lkstltutlmks h rhajhrajh ht ihs ajhrajhursvgiuhkt gvha rlbuhur ihs rlsquhs gssmals gux lkkmvgtlmks ht qulissgttgajhkt ig lstuslmk ù okah h ahs lkkmvgtlmks.

Vmur quh ih prmbrs smlt rhi, li cgut vhliihr ilkstrulrh, ih brhr, ih pgrtgbhr

Ig olmimblh h syktjsh slbkh uk kmuvhgu ajgdp h rhajhrajhsquh imk phut klr amddh ig amkahptlmk rgtlmkkhiih (`hslbk) htig amkstruatlmk `h kmuvhgux amdpmsgkts, lspmsltlcs ht systdhs

olmimblquhs pmurvus `h cmkatlmkkgilts pr latloihs ht goihs qulkhxlsthkt pgs `gks ig kgturh, ht ig rlkbklhrlh (rh-`hslbk) `hsystdhs olmimblquhs hxlstgkt kgturhiihdhkt, `hs ks `h rhajhrajhcmk`gdhktgih ht gppilagtlmks . Amkarthdhkt > ihxhdpih hs gibuhsoihuhs-vhrths qul prmùlshkt `h cgloihs qugktlts jy rmagrourhs.Ihs bkhs rhspmksgoihs `h ah prmahssus smkt l hktls ht lktrmùlts`gks ih pgtrldmlkh bktlquh `h ig ogatrlh Hsajhrlajlg amil. Ihdtgomilsdh `h ig ogatrlh hst glksl dm l gk `h prmùlrh `hsjy rmagrourhs qul pmurrmkt trh utlilss amddh olmagrourgkts. IhAmdlt gttlrh kmtgddhkt igtthktlmk sur ih cglt quh ihs mrbgklsdhsgrtlalhis, ht kgkdmlks vlvgkts, lssus `h ig olmimblh `h syktjsh

gpphiihkt ukh rhspmksgolilt suppidhktglrh `hs ajhrajhurs qulprhkkhkt hk ajgrbh ihs amksquhkahs `h ilktrmùatlmk `h kmuvhgux

Prmls hktlts `h rhajhrajh iLkrg mkt t hkthkùhs

- Iqulph Dmiilauths (XD_ Olmimblh u crult ht pgtjmimblh)Iqulph Olmagtgiysh (XD_ Lkbklhrlh hs systdhs olmimblquhs ht hs prma`s)

- Iqulph Olmimblh hs systdhs ht h syktjsh (Lkstltut Dlagils)

1trhs gks ig amddukgut hs vlvgkts . Ihknhu amrmiiglrh hst ahiul hivgiugtlmk hs rlsquhs, gvha ukh gtthktlmk pgrtlauilrh prth igvgi`h ig rhajhrajh `gks ih ags `h ig rhajhrajh kgilsh. Glksl, ih Amdltrhamddgk`h ukh ldpilagtlmk `hs ajhrajhurs `gks ihs lkstgkahs mihs kmrdhs smkt igomrhs , tmut gutgkt quh ig rhamkkglssgkah ukstgtut h igkahur gihrth guprs hs gutmrlts . Hkk, igvls smuilbkhquh ig bhstlmk prvhktlvh hs rlsquhs ils iutlilsgtlmk dgivhliigkth,

vmlrh olmthrrmrlsth, `h ig olmimblh `h syktjsh kahsslth gblr trmlsklvhgux > latlmk h rbihs, hkrhblstrhdhkt hs gatlvlts, survhliigkah`hs mprgthurs, gks ih rhsphat hs ilohrts .

_htrmuvhzahtgvlssur>lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Dlsslmks/Vrmdmuvmlr-htjlquh-ht-`hmktmimblh

@gks aht gvls, g`mpt hk kmvhdorh, ihAmdlt rgpphiih quh ih vhimpphdhkt`h ig olmimblh h syktjsh hxlbh uajhrajhur ukh brgk`h trgkspgrhkah htukh rhxlvlt arltlquh pmur hxpilquhrig salhkah quli hst hk trglk h cglrh

Imuls QAJRHLP^H_Jgut Cmkatlmkkglrh

Vrsl`hkt u Amdlt amksuitgtlc `tjlquhpmur ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh,

amdduk gu Alrg` ht iLkrg.

LpsudImrhdLkrg?671


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DLQQLMKQ & VG_PHKG_LGPQ610

_hdlsh ù rgppmrt ABQV

@gks `lx gks, ig chrdh Crgkah gurg prmcmk`dhkt vmiu. Brah `h kmdorhushs lkltlgtlvhs, ig trgksltlmk hst `n hk rmuth. Ig amursh igprmùatlmk pmursulvlh pgr igbrlauiturh crgkglsh `hpuls ihs gkkhs 7 Amddhkt rhk`rh igbrlauiturholmimblquh pius prmùatlvh ht pius amdptltlvh = , Amddhkt mrbgklshr ig trgksltlmk `h igbrlauiturh amkvhktlmkkhiih vhrs ukh gbrlauiturh piusùrgoih =

Ahtth tu`h hst iukh `hs amktrloutlmks hsshktlhiihs h iLkrg ig dlsslmk sur igbrmamimblh amkh pgr ih dlklstrh h iGbrlauiturh, h iGbrmgildhktglrhht h ig Cmrt Dgrlmk Buliimu. Hiih mkkh ilhu uk trgvgli amdpidhktglrh sur ihs lstrhkths ilrhs gbrlamihs.

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg?671

Ig `lvhrslagtlmk `hs auiturhs prmbrhssh phu dgibr smk lktrthkvlrmkkhdhktgi ht smk lksarlptlmk gks lvhrs lspmsltlcs lkaltgtlcs. Ihsdlklstrhs hk ajgrbh `h igbrlauiturh ht h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt amddgk`hkt iLkrg ukh tu`h vlsgkt l`hktlhr ihs crhlks ig `lvhrslagtlmk

`hs auiturhs hk Crgkah, ht ihs ihvlhrs dmolilsgoihs pmur ig cgvmrlshr.Ihs rsuitgts `h ahtth tu`h smkt rhkùs puoilas ih 7: ngkvlhr ?671.@lstrhkths tu`hs ht hxphrtlshs `n rgilshs dmktrhkt quh ig`lvhrslagtlmk hs auiturhs phut trh uk dmyhk gatlmk lktrhssgkt pmurrùlrh iusgbh hs lktrgkts gbrlamihs. Qgks prthk`rh quh ig `lvhrslagtlmkhst, hk sml, tmunmurs vhrtuhush, ahtth tu`h vlsh l `hktlhr ihs prlkalpguxcrhlks ht ihvlhrs sg dlsh hk uvrh, gu klvhgu `hs gathurs `hs ilrhsgbrm-lkùstrlhiihs ht `hs hxpimltgtlmks gbrlamihs, hk amksl`rgkt quh smklktrmùatlmk phut vhklr omusauihr ihs sajdgs prmùatlcs trs spalgilss`hs ilrhs gbrm-lkùstrlhiihs ht hk arhr h kmuvhgux. Ih Rmri` _hsmurahs Lkstltuth, Pjlke Pgke gdrlaglk spalgils `gks

ihs quhstlmks hkvlrmkkhdhktgihs, cglt pgrgtrh smus ig piudh `h PldQhgrajlkbhr, h iXklvhrslt h Vrlkahtmk, uk pr-rgppmrt lktltui Arhruk gvhklr gildhktglrh ùrgoih, smiutlmks pmur kmurrlr ùrgoihdhktpius `h < dliilgr`s `h phrsmkkhs hk ?686 , guquhi iLkrg ht ih Alrg`mkt amktrlou. Ah trgvgli g pmur vmagtlmk `l`hktlhr ihs prlmrlts ht ihsamktrloutlmks amkarths pmur rùlrh ihs squlilorhs h prmùatlmk ht`gaas ig kmurrlturh, rùlrh ihs dlsslmks h bgz hstht `h shrrh ht ihsgutrhs ldpgats hkvlrmkkhdhktgux. Ih rgppmrt kgi l`hktlhrg hk mutrhihs prgtlquhs, pmiltlquhs ht lkaltgtlmks kahssglrhs pmur uk `pimlhdhktmprgtlmkkhi h smiutlmks gux ajhiihs rhqulshs.

@amuvrlr ih rgppmrt (hk gkbigls) >wrl.mrb/slths/`hcguit/ihs/R_L71]_hpmrt]0a]R__]mkilkh.p`c

Smlr itu`h >lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Dlsslmks/Haiglrhr-ihs-`halslmks/Htu`hs/Pmuths-ihs-gatugilths/@lvhrslagtlmk-`hs-auiturhs

Smlr itu`h >jttp>//lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Dlsslmks/Haiglrhr-ihs-`halslmks/Htu hs/Pmus-ihs-`msslhrs/I-gbrlauiturh-olmimblquh-hk-`hogt/_gppmrt-Gbrlauiturhs-jguths-phrcmrdgkahs

_suitgts h itu`h sur ig lvhrslagtlmk`hs auiturhs

Ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh crgkglshlksplrh ih Rmri` _hsmurahs Lkstltuth

GKgkay,iHurmphsh phkajhsurigvhklr`hshscmrts

@gksuk amkthxth`h ajgkbhdhktsbimogux, ihsàl`hurs shtmurkhktvhrsig rhajhrajhpmurg`gpthr ig bhstlmk hscmrts gux sù

?7h

slaih.Vmurcglrhihpmlktsurigvhklr`hscmrtshurmphkkhs,iLkrg,GbrmVgrlsPhaj,iXklvhrslt`h Imrrglkh,ih BlpHamcmr htiLkstltuthurmphk hig cmrt(H)am-mrbgklshktu khshdglkh vkhdhktlhiih Kgkay,ù ?1 gu ?2 shpthdorh, imaagslmk u ?6hgkklvhrsglrh`hiH.prhssh.lkrg.cr/_hssmurahs/Amdduklquhs-`h-prhssh/amiimquh-?6-gks-HCL

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

Ig pmiltlquh gbrlamih amddukh g uk oligk bimogihdhkt pmsltlc,dgibr ihs quhstlmks qul sh pmshkt gunmur`jul . Ahst hk ahs thrdhsquh Ngaquhs @himrs, gkalhk prsl`hkt `h ig Amddlsslmk hurmphkkh `h7


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Ig olmamkmdlh

gu aur `hs strgtblhskgtlmkgih ht hurmphkkh

Ig prmùatlmk h olhks ht shrvlahs pmur rùlrh ig phk`gkah`hs pmpuigtlmks ibgr` `hs rhssmurahs kmk rhkmuvhigoihs,hk pgrgiiih ig prmùatlmk gildhktglrh, slksarlt `gks ukh

`dgrajh ùrgoih tmut hk cgvmrlsgkt idhrbhkah `h kmuvhiihslkùstrlhs jgut pmthktlhi ht ukh rhstruaturgtlmk `h igdmktgbrlamih > ahst ih phk`gkt `h igbrmamimblh pmur rhkmuvhihr kmssystdhs `h prmùatlmk gbrlamihs ht cmrhstlhrs. Monhatlc dgnhur`gks ih :h prmbrgddh ag`rh `h rhajhrajh Jmrlzmk ?6?6 `hiXklmk hurmphkkh, ig olmamkmdlh gppgrgt gussl gks igbhk`gstrgtblquh (?671) pmur ig rhajhrajh, ih trgkschrt ht ilkkmvgtlmk

`h ig Crgkah. G trgvhrs ihs Lkvhstlsshdhkts `gvhklr crgkgls ht

Qh dmolilshr gutmur`hs gpprmajhs dhrbhkths& `hs brgk`s hknhux

WuhrhamuvrhktihsrhajhrajhshkolmamkmdlhiLkrg=

Kms`mdglkhs`h rhajhrajhhk olmamkmdlhsmkt trsvgsthsht armlshkt ihsprmùatlmks vbtgihsht cmrhstlrhs, igildhktgtlmk, ikhrblhht ig ajldlh.

Ahigvg`hihxpimrgtlmk`higolm`lvhrsltigolmimblh`hsyktjshhkpgssgktpgrihsolmthajkmimblhsoigkajhsht vhrthsAhigldpilquh`hsqugtlmks`hrhajhrajhs trmlsklvhgux> ih`vhimpphdhkt`h thajkmimblhsagpgoihs `hcrgatlmkkhrhtspgrhrigolmdgssh(olmrgfikhrlhs,olmthajkmimblhshtolmimblh`hsyktjsh, kgkmolmthajkmimblhs), igdilmrgtlmk`hs prmùatlmks vbtgihshtgkldgihsht`hsrhxlmksiajhiihùthrrltmlrhpmurtrmuvhruk qulilorhhktrhihssystdhs`hauiturhhtcmrhstlhrshkrhbgr``hsqulilorhsamimblquhs.

Xkhrvmiutlmklkùstrlhiihvhrthshprpgrh=

36% `hkmsjgoltssmktgatuhiihdhktamdpmss`h orhskgturhiihs,ijgoltgtcgltgpphi `hdgklrhtrs ldpmrtgkthgu omlsKmtrh amkmdlh hst`nohguamup ogsh surih agromkhrhkmuvhigoih dgls li cgu rggiihrhkamrhpiusimlk > ih pgssgbh `h igbrlauiturh-gbrm-lk ustrlh ig olmamkmdlhhstukprmahssus`h imkbthrdh! Agrahttholmamkmdlh,qul hstgussl smalgihhthkvlrmkkhdhktgih,kahsslth ukhtrgkscmrdgtlmk amkmdlquhrg`lagih ht`hsgvgkahs salhktlquhshk olmimblh dm`hrkh, pgr ihs olmthajkmimblhs. Ahsthksmrth ihamkahpt?.6 ù `vhimpphdhkt ùrgoih! @hkmdorhuxpgys mumrbgklsgtlmkslkthrkgtlmkgihsilktbrhkt`n ihurspmiltlquhs`mrlhktgtlmk>iMA@H, iXklmkhurmphkkh,ihs tgts-Xkls,iGiihdgbkhIg olmamkmdlhhstiuk`hsajgktlhrsprlmrltglrhs`h iLkrgpmurijmrlzmk?6?6.

Ig olmamkmdlh, ahst ih amkahpt ?.6ù vhimpphdhkt urgoih

Vgui AMIMKKGLkrg Gkbhrs-Kgkths

@lrhathur salhktlquh g`nmlktGildhktgtlmk & Olmamkmdlh

@ibu salhktlquhgu vhimpphdhkt urgoih

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg

36Ijgoliihdhkt rhpmsh 36% sur `hs orhs `mrlblkhvbtgih lvhrshs (amtmk, ogdomu, nuth, ilk, slsgi...)

mu mrlblkh gkldgih (iglkh, smlh, aulr)

Jmrlzmk ?6?6, iLkrg hkthk` mka otlr ukh vlslmk systdlquh hsamdpidhktgrlts hktrh usgbhs gildhktglrhs, khrbtlquhs htajldlquhs h igbrlauiturh ht hs cmrts. Glksl, iLkstltut hkthk`-ligaamdpgbkhr ih `vhimpphdhkt `h ig ajldlh ù vbtgi ht `hsrhajhrajhs sur ig olmrgfikhrlh `h ig olmdgssh, sur shs usgbhskhrbtlquhs, ajldlquhs mu pmur ihs dgtrlgux ht sur ihkshdoih`hs ldpgats qul ihur smkt gssmals. Ahtth olmdgssh phut trh lssuh`hs brgk`hs auiturhs, `hs cmrts mu `hs dlarm- ht dgarm-gibuhsgussl olhk quh `hs àjhts. Ahst ah tltrh quh iLkrg ammr`mkkhilkstltut Agrkmt 1OAG_ (olmkhrblhs, olmdmiauihs ht olmdgtrlguxù agromkh rhkmuvhigoih), ih `dmkstrgthur prlkùstrlhi PRO(Pmuimush Rjlth Olmthajkmimblhs) ht pgrtlalph gux lkstltuts pmurig trgksltlmk khrbtlquh Vlvhrt (Vlagr`lh Lkkmvgtlmks Sbtgihs,Hkshlbkhdhkts ht _hajhrajhs Phajkmimblquhs) ht Lcdgs (Lkstltutcrgkgls hs dgtrlgux gbrmsmuras).

Vrlmrlt salhktlquh h iLkrg gu tltrh`h sg chuliih h rmuth ?676-?6?6,ig vgimrlsgtlmk h ig olmdgssh ht iusgbhù agromkh rhkmuvhigoih pmur ikhrblh,ig ajldlh ht ihs dgtrlgux smkt ihsprhdlhrs pgs h ig olmamkmdlh iLkstltut


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Xkh lkcrgstruaturh lstrlouh pmur itu`h hs amsystdhs


GKGHH-Qhrvlahs (Gkgiysh ht hxprldhktgtlmk sur ihs amsystdhs) rgsshdoih ihs prlkalpgihs pigths-cmrdhs crgkglshs h rhajhrajh sur ihs amsystdhsamktlkhktgux, kgturhis mu brs pgr ijmddh. Ahtth lkcrgstruaturh lstrlouh hst igkah ih 70 cvrlhr ?671 gu Dusud h Pmuimush. Vmrt pgr ih AK_Q,iLkrg ht iXklvhrslt Nmshpj Cmurlhr h Brhkmoih, ah rshgu uklquh vlsh ykgdlshr ig rhajhrajh gks hs mdglkhs this quh ihs lkthrgatlmks bkh-hkvlrmkkhdhkt, ig olm`lvhrslt mu ivmiutlmk hs amsystdhs, glksl quh ildpgat hs gatlvlts judglkhs sur ihs amsystdhs. @h ig amkahptlmk ukhhxprlhkah ig dmìlsgtlmk dgtjdgtlquh hs rsuitgts, GKGHH-Qhrvlahs dht ig lspmsltlmk `hs ajhrajhurs ukh mstrh amdpith h shrvlahs. Ahux-alsgrtlauihkt gutmur h piuslhurs typhs `h pigthcmrdhs phrdhttgkt tu`lhr ig ykgdlquh hs amsystdhs hk dlilhu kgturhi, shdl-kgturhi mu amktriht h prvmlr ihur vmiutlmk cgah gu ajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh. Clkgka gks ih ag`rh hs lkvhstlsshdhkts gvhklr pgr ih prmbrgddh Lkcrgstruaturhs hkolmimblh ht sgkt , GKGHH-Qhrvlahs hst ig amktrloutlmk crgkglsh ilkcrgstruaturh hurmphkkh GKGHH (Gkgiysls gk` Hxphrldhktgtlmk mk Hamsysthds)ammr`mkkh pgr Gog` Ajgool, lrhathur h rhajhrajh iLkrg, Iuslbkgk.

C.Omkkh/Lkrg

Gubdhkthr `h 36% ig prmùatlmk argilrh (oi, rlz, dgs) shrgltkahssglrh `lal ?686 pmur rpmk`rh ig jgussh `h ig pmpuigtlmkdmk`lgih ht gux trgksltlmks gildhktglrhs. @gks ih ag`rh `h ilkltlgtlvhlkthrkgtlmkgih Gbrlauiturgi dm`hi lkthramdpgrlsmk gk` ldprmvhdhktprmnhat (Gbdlp), `hs ajhrajhurs `h iLkrg pgrtlalphkt gu prhdlhrhxhralah dmk`lgi lkthr-amdpgrglsmk h dmìhs h auiturh h argihs

ht gssurhkt pius pgrtlauilrhdhkt ig ammr`lkgtlmk `h ihxhralah sur ihdgs. Ihs dmìhs Lkrg utlilss, pgrdl ihsquhis Qtlas ht QlrlusWugilty,slduihkt ihs rhk`hdhkts h piuslhurs vgrlts shimk trmls ags h burh >hk amk`ltlmks `h auiturh gatuhiihs 5 shimk ih sakgrlm aildgtlquh G?(dlsslmks ihvhs) ù Blha pmur ig prlm`h ?606-?63< 5 mu hk rpmksh hs cgathurs aildgtlquhs lkaiugkt mu kmk `hs strgtblhs g`gptgtlmk guajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh (`gth h shdls, chrtlilsgtlmk gzmth, lrrlbgtlmk).Vius lkcmrdgtlmks sur ih slth > gbdlp.mrb

Qlduihr ihs rhk`hdhkts hk cmkatlmk`hs sahkgrlms aildgtlquhs

C.Agrrhrgs/Lkrg

Igmrhlkthstlkgihhkpgrtgbh

Lkguburih?nuliiht?671,DhtgBkmVmils(DBV)hstukprmnhtuklquhhkHurmphqul rgsshdoihqugtrhpigthcmrdhslkkmvgkthsgu shrvlah`higamddukgutsalhktlquhht lkùstrlhiih(gildhktgtlmk,kutrltlmk,`lgbkmstlad`lagi).Hiihsphrdhttrmktil`hktlagtlmkhtigkgiysh`hspmpuigtlmksogatrlhkkhsprshkths`gks ilkthstlkjudglk,`hk`ùlrh`hsrhigtlmkshktrhkutrltlmkhtsgktglkslquh`hsdgrquhursgssmals`lstrhkthspgtjmimblhs,amddhimosltmuahrtglkhsdgig`lhslkgddgtmlrhs.G thrdh,lisgblt`gaqurlrukh vlslmkbimogih

ùcmkatlmkkhdhktùdlarmolmthlkthstlkgiht`hshsldpilagtlmkssurigsgkt,`hs ks`h `lgbkmstla,dgls gussl`h trglthdhktsgktlolmtlquhs,prm-ht pr-olmtlquhs,vmlrh`h brhsths`hdlarmolmths.Smlrihslth>dbps.hu

61:

ILkstltutcrgkgls`holmlkcmrdgtlquhhstigka

ILkstltutcrgkgls`h olmlkcmrdgtlquh(LCO)hst ukhkmuvhiihlkcrgstruaturhkgtlmkgih`h shrvlahkh `hig rpmkshù rshgukgtlmkgi hspigths-cmrdhs `holmlkcmrdgtlquh (_hKgOl) igpphi prmpmsltlmksLkcrgstruaturhs hk Olmimblhht Qgkt (Lkvhstlsshdhkts`gvhklr).Ahprmnht, ammr`mkkpgr Nhgk-CrgkmlsBlorgt,`lrhathur`hrhajhrajh iLkrg (Nmuy-hk-Nmsgs)htpmrtpgrihAK_Q,g pmurdlsslmk prlkalpgih`h cmurklr ig amddukgut`hs salhkahs`h igvlhihs rhssmurahs`h ogshhk olmlkcmrdgtlquh.Ahig amkahrkh,hktrhgutrhs,igppul gux prmnhts`h rhajhrajh,ig cmrdgtlmk `hsolmimblsthsgux thajklquhsht amkahpts`h ig olmlkcmrdgtlquhhtig dlshhkpigahùkh lkcrgstruaturhlkcmrdgtlquh``lh ig bhstlmk htgutrglthdhkt`hs `mkkhsprmùlths pgrahtth amddukgut.

Vius lkcmrdgtlmks sur ihs slths >gkghh-s.crgkghh.amd


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ig tth ùkh ìbgtlmk lkstltutlmkkhiih amdpmsh, hkcmkatlmk hs gbhk`gs, h iuk hs hux lrhathurs bkrguxìbus, Milvlhr Ih Bgii ht Aigu`h _mkahrgy, `h iuk

`hs `lrhathurs salhktlquhs, Ajrlstlkh Ajhrout (Gildhktgtlmk),Jhrv Buymdgr` (Gbrlauiturh) mu Nhgk-Crgkmls Qmussgkg(Hkvlrmkkhdhkt), ht ù `lrhathur pmur iGatlmk rblmkgih,ihkshlbkhdhkt suprlhur ht iHurmph (@grhsh), VjlilpphAjhdlkhgu, ih prsl`hkt `h iLkstltut òuth ahtth tmurkh pgrih ahktrh `h _hkkhs hk cvrlhr ht ig thrdlkh hk àhdorh pgr ihahktrh Gktliihs-Buygkh.

Ahs vlslths mkt pmur monhatlcs >

h rhkamktrhr ihkshdoih hs gbhkts h iLkrg,

h pgrtgbhr gvha hux ig vlslmk hs dlsslmks ht vmiutlmks

`h iLkstltut imaagslmk hs gsshdoihs bkrgihs, h cglrh uk pmlkt `gvgkahdhkt hs gatlmks dhkhs gks ih

ag`rh hs sajdgs h ahktrh gvha ihs prsl`hkts ht ihs `lrhathurs`h shrvlahs gppul, glksl qugvha ihs lrhathurs uklts h rhkamktrhr ht h lgimbuhr gvha ihs pgrthkglrhs gag`dlquhs

ht smalm-amkmdlquhs h iLkrg gks ihs thrrltmlrhs pmur kmuhr murhkmuvhihr gvha hux kms gaamr`s hk rblmk.

72ahktrhs Lkrg hk Crgkah ht hk mutrh-dhr

Qtruaturhr & vgimrlshrkms gatlmks`gks ihs thrrltmlrhs

Ihs 72 ahktrhs

`h rhajhrajh rhmlvhktih Amiibh `h `lrhatlmkCr`rlquh VHIQ\

Lkrg Amidgr-Gisgah

Vrsl`hkth u ahktrh h rhajhrajhLkrg h Amidgr-Gisgah

Lkrg?671

G.V

rhkks/Lkrg

Wuh rhthkhz-vmus `h ig vlslth `h Crgkmls Jmuiilhr gu ahktrh

`h Amidgr =

G imaagslmk h ig slbkgturh h ig amkvhktlmk-ag`rh h ammprgtlmk rblmkGisgah-Lkrg, ig vlslth `h Crgkmls Jmuiilhr hk shpthdorh, gaamdpgbk`h shs prmajhs amiigomrgthurs, hst iuk `hs dmdhkts pjgrhs `h igkkh?671 pmur kmus. Hk hstht, ihs amiihatlvlts thrrltmrlgihs ht kms pgrthkglrhsuklvhrsltglrhs sh smkt `pigas hk kmdorh pmur pgrtlalphr ahtthdgklchstgtlmk, dmktrgkt glksl ilktrt qulis pmrthkt kmtrh ahktrh gksih pgysgbh salhktlquh imagi ht igtthkth quh susalthkt ihs trgvgux dhkspgr iLkrg pmur rpmk`rh gux prmoidgtlquhs rblmkgihs. Vgr gliihurs, igrhkamktrh gvha ihs gbhkts Lkrg u ahktrh hst phruh amddh ukh vrltgoihdgrquh `h rhamkkglssgkah pmur hux, hk tgkt qugathurs, amddh pmurihs gatlvlts salhktlquhs ht hxprldhktgihs qulis amkùlshkt. Ahtthvlslth amkcmrth ig dlsh hk uvrh ù sajdg `h ahktrh, hk pgrtlauilhr igamkstruatlmk ùk pih `h rhajhrajh phrcmrdgkt sur ihs dgig`lhs `h igvlbkh gvha kms pgrthkglrhs u olmpih h Amidgr.

G imaagslmk h smk pigahdhkt gisgalhk, quhis smkt ihs thdps cmrts

ù lgimbuh gvha ihs pgrthkglrhs =

Viuslhurs thdps cmrts pmkatuhkt ig vlslth `h Crgkmls Jmuiilhr.Pmut `gomr`, ahiul `hs hxprhsslmks pmiltlquhs hk cgah--cgah .

Glksl, Vjlilpph _lajhrt, ih Vrsl`hkt u Amkshli rblmkgi Gisgah lk`lquhaiglrhdhkt smk smujglt h amktlkuhr smuthklr igatlvlt h rhajhrajh u

ahktrh gutmur `hs tjdgtlquhs rslstgkah `h ig vlbkh gux dgig`lhs ht gbrlauiturh ùrgoih . Kms pgrthkglrhs uklvhrsltglrhs amkrdhkt,qugkt hux, ihur chrdh vmimkt trh pgrtlh prhkgkth gks iXD_ Qgkt`h ig vlbkh ht qugilt ù vlk ht `h pgrtlalphr gux rhajhrajhs mrlblkgihs`h ahtth uklt. Hksulth hst vhku ih thdps ù amkarht > ig vlslth `hslkstgiigtlmks hxprldhktgihs, hk pgrtlh kgkahs gks ih ag`rh u AVH_?662-?671 pgr ihs amiihatlvlts thrrltmrlgihs ht pgr ih dlklstrh `h ig_hajhrajh, hst imaagslmk h dmktrhr ig agpgalt u ahktrh amkartlshruk prmnht `hkvhrburh, `h smuilbkhr ildpmrtgkah `h pmursulvrh ihstmrt `hdm`hrklsgtlmk `hs qulphdhkts ù Olmpih `h Amidgr pmur dhkhr `hsrhajhrajhs phrcmrdgkths ht kmvgtrlahs sur ig vlbkh, pigkth hdoidgtlquh`h ig rblmk Gisgah, ht kgihdhkt h busthr u vlk prmùlt pgrtlr hkmuvhiihs vgrlts hk sihatlmk, rslstgkths gu dli`lmu ht im`lud, qulamktrlouhrmkt, `hdglk, ukh vltlauiturh qugiltgtlvh trs ogs lktrgktspjytmsgkltglrhs.

Xkh dgrquh h rhamkkglssgkah pmur ihs gbhktsht ihs gatlvlts qulis amkùlshkt

Gu amurs h igkkh ?671, CrgkmlsJmuiilhr vlslth tmus ihs ahktrhs hrhajhrajh h iLkrg, ig rhkamktrh hsphrsmkkhis ht hs pgrthkglrhs

Ih agihk`rlhr amdpiht hs vlslths u amiibh h lrhatlmk,

`gks ihs 72 ahktrhs h rhajhrajh h iLkstltut >

7. 70cvrlhr>_hkkhs?. ?7cvrlhr>Pmuimush1. 71dgrs>Sgi`hImlrh0. ?6dgrs>Kgkths8. ?Aihrdmkt-Chrrgk`-Pjhlx3. 7?gvrli Vmltmu-Ajgrhkths2. ?0dgl>Nmuy-hk-Nmsgs:. ?:dgl>ShrsgliihsIliih

76.?:nulk> Omr`hgux-Gqultglkh77.7?nuliiht>@lnmk7?.7:shpthdorh>Amrsh71.?0 shpthdorh> Amidgr-Gisgah70.0matmorh>Dmktphiilhr78.78matmorh>Kgkay-Imrrglkh73.3àhdorh>VGAG72.7: àhdorh> Gktliihs-Buygkh

_hkamktrh hktrh Vlhrrlae Guplkhi

(@lrhathur`h iuklt hxprldhktgih

`Hktmdmimblh)htCrgkmls Jmuiilhr,

gu ahktrh h rhajhrajh Vmltmu-Ajgrhkths.


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7

g?671


Ihs pihs `h amdptltlvlt,pgrthkglrhs lkkmvgkts ht pmiyvgihktsVmur iLkrg, ihs pihs h amdptltlvlt, amkstltuhkt hs pmlkts cmagux smil`hs gutmur hsquhis hs `ykgdlquhs rblmkgihs, kgtlmkgihsht lkthrkgtlmkgihs mlvhkt amktlkuhr sh vhimpphr. Ahst h ahtth amkvlatlmk quhst kh ukh dlsslmk `lh ahs pgrthkgrlgtsstrgtblquhs gu shlk h ig lrhatlmk h ig vgimrlsgtlmk. Glksl hk ?671, mk amdpth ?7 g`jslmks hs pihs h amdptltlvlt shimkukh shbdhktgtlmk l`hktlgkt alkq brgk`s ajgdps shatmrlhis dgnhurs > prmùatlmk gbrlamih vbtgih, prmùatlmk gbrlamih gkldgih,olmamkmdlh, kutrltlmk ht gildhktgtlmk, hkvlrmkkhdhkt ht aihgkthaj. Qur ihs 7? prhdlhrs gpphis prmnhts, iLkrg hst ldpilqu gks26 prmnhts sihatlmkks ht kgkas pgr ih Cmk`s uklquh lkthrdlklstrlhi (CXL) ht pmrts pgr ihs pihs h amdptltlvlt. Ahs prmnhtsbkrhkt uk kgkahdhkt h pius h 7: D pmur ihs qulphs h iLkrg.

Ig lvhrslt hs pihs h amdptltlvlt u shathur gbrm-gildhktglrhhst vl`hkth. Ahtth lvhrslt hst kahssglrh pmur hktrgkhr,hk prmxldlt, ihs hktrhprlshs gks hs `dgrajhs lkkmvgtlmkhk pgrthkgrlgt gvha ig rhajhrajh > ahtth vmagtlmk thrrltmrlgih hst

ldpmrtgkth (hxhdpih > Vih Phrrgilg) dgls hiih khdpajh pgs hs gatlmks gu klvhgu kgtlmkgi, hurmphk mu lkthrkgtlmkgi kmtgddhkt`gks ih ag`rh h rshgux h pihs h amdptltlvlt mu aiusthrs (hxhdpihs > pih Lkùstrlhs ht Gbrm_hssmurahs gks ih mdglkh`hs olmthajkmimblhs oigkajhs 5 pih Argihs Sgiih pmur ig argtlmk vgrltgih hk brgk`hs auiturhs.

Ihs trmls lkstltuts Agrkmt gklds pgr iLkrg -Wugildhkt, 1OAG_ ht LAQG- lktbrhkt hs pihs pmur vhimpphr ahs gpprmajhs,hkamurgbhs pgr iGK_ ht ih Amddlssgrlgt bkrgi ilkvhstlsshdhkt. Lis smkt gussl hs pgrthkglrhs pmthktlhis ais pmurih pimlhdhkt hs amddukguts h ig amkkglssgkah ht h ilkkmvgtlmk (Ekmwih`bh gk` Lkkmvgtlmk Amddukltlhs, ELA)qul sh dhtthkt hk pigah hk Hurmph ht `mkt iLkrg hst pgrtlh prhkgkth.

60?

11 Gquldhr

Lih h Crgkah

06

Zyimcutur

:

?

2 thajkmimblhs dhrbhkths,olmamkmdlh, lkcrgstruaturhs h rhajhrajh, s smaltgux rhigtlcs ig sgkt ht ihkvlrmkkhdhkt, pgrthkgrlgt hurmphk pmurilkkmvgtlmk sur igbrlauiturh. G ahtth maagslmk, Crgkmls Jmuiilhrrhkamktrh bgihdhkt Gkkh Bimvhr, Amkshliirh salhktlquh hk ajhc`h ig Amddlsslmk hurmphkkh.

Vmursulvrh imuvhrturh ilkthrkgtlmkgi

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

Xk amiibh h lrhatlmk lk`lthst mrbgkls, ih 0 kmvhdorh ?671, Oruxhiihs, gks ihs imagux u Aiuo`hs mrbgklsdhs h rhajhrajh gssmals(Aimrg)


25/158


60 GbrmVmilslkthrkgtlmkgi, GbrmVmils Cmk`gtlmk, ih Amksmrtlud u ABLG_ (pgrthkgrlgtdmk`lgi `h rhajhrajh gbrlamih pmur uk cutur sgks cgld), ih Ahktrhàmimblh cmkatlmkkhiih ht vmiutlvh (AHCH), ih Igohx AhDHO (Ahktrhd`lthrrgkhk `h ihkvlrmkkhdhkt ht `h ig olm`lvhrslt), iLkstltut `hrhajhrajh pmur ih vhimpphdhkt (L_@).

G ig sulth `hs nmurkhs crgkam-grbhktlkhs `h Ammprgtlmk pmuriLkkmvgtlmk qul sh `rmuiglhkt ù ?3 gu ?: kmvhdorh ?671 Ouhkms Glrhs, iLkrg ht smk jmdmimbuh grbhktlk Lkstltutm Kgalmkgi `hPhakmimbg Gbrmphaugrlg (LKPG) rhkmuvhiihkt ihur gaamr` h ammprgtlmkprvmygkt > `hs prmnhts amknmlkts `h rhajhrajh prlkalpgihdhkt `gks ihag`rh hs dtgprmbrgddhs h iLkrg ht hs prmbrgddhs kgtlmkgux hiLktg 5 ig pgrtlalpgtlmk amknmlkth gux gpphis lkthrkgtlmkgux (Jmrlzmk?6?6, Giilgkah dmk`lgih `h rhajhrajh sur igttkugtlmk `hs bgz hstht

`h shrrh ht CGAAH-NVL, lkltlgtlvh hurmphkkh h prmbrgddgtlmk amknmlkthsur igbrlauiturh, ig saurlt gildhktglrh, ht ih ajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh).ILkrg ht iLktg smujglthkt, `gks ah ag`rh, `vhimpphr hk prlmrlt ihstjdhs amdduks sulvgkts > ig saurlt gildhktglrh, ig`gptgtlmk guajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh, ig prmthatlmk `hs pigkths ht ig sgkt gkldgih,ig dlarmolmimblh `hs smis, ihs thajkmimblhs dhrbhkths (bkmdlquh`hs vbtgux, sihatlmk bkmdlquh ajhz ihs omvlks) ht ihs lkkmvgtlmksmrbgklsgtlmkkhiihs.

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

Ihs prsl`hkts h iLkrg, Crgkmls Jmuiilhr, ht u Alrg`, Dlajhi H``l, sh smktrhkùs gu Dgrma u ?0 gu ?3 gvrli ?67 1, imaagslmk u Qgimk lkthrkgtlmkgi`h iGbrlauiturh h Dheks, gk h pgrtlalphr ukh amkcrhkah mrbgklshamknmlkthdhkt pgr ihs lkstltutlmks `h rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh Gibrlh,ù Dgrma ht `h Puklslh. Ig rhkamktrh, gkldh pgr Ohrtrgk` Jhrvlhu,

Slah-prsl`hkt u Amkshli bkrgi h igbrlauiturh, h igildhktgtlmk, hihkvlrmkkhdhkt ht `h ihspgah rurgi, phrdht àjgkbhr sur ihs prlmrlts`h rhajhrajh ht ihs phrsphatlvhs `h pgrthkgrlgt hktrh ihs qugtrh pgyssur ih tjdh `h ig`gptgtlmk `h igbrlauiturh d`lthrrgkhkkh guxajgkbhdhkts bimogux. Xkh tgoih rmk`h rgsshdoih hksulth ihs `lrlbhgkts`mrbgklsdhs crgkgls ht `hs rhspmksgoihs prmchsslmkkhis gbrlamihs,Zgvlhr Ohuilk pmur ig Crgkah, Ihltj Ohkohajhr pmur ig Puklslh, Gjdh`Mugygaj pmur ih Dgrma ht Igl` Ohkgdmr pmur iGibrlh, ah qul phrdht`h `lsauthr ihs prlmrlts, `h amkcrmkthr ihs pmlkts `h vuh ht `tgoilr ihsphrsphatlvhs h pgrthkgrlgts.

Ig rhajhrajh gbrmkmdlquh crgkglsh ig rhkamktrh u Dgbjrho

Ig prhdlrh ruklmk gkkuhiih `GbrhhkQeliis shst thkuh `gks ih ag`rhjlstmrlquh `h iXklvhrslt `h Imuvglk, hk Ohiblquh ù 0 gu 3 kmvhdorh?671. Imaagslmk pmur ihs stgblglrhs GbrhhkQeliis lssus `hs trmls prhdlrhspjgshs `h sihatlmk `h prshkthr ihur trgvgli ht `h rhkamktrhr ihsrhspmksgoihs `hs amdlts salhktlquhs ht `h ig amddlsslmk `tjlquh.Gu amurs `h trmls nmurs, ihs pgrtlalpgkts gsslsthkt gux amkcrhkahssalhktlquhs h ajhrajhurs Gbrhhklud, ht hux amkcrhkahs piklrhssur itjlquh ht ilktbrlt `h ig rhajhrajh salhktlquh gkldh pgr @gklhihCgkkhil h iXklvhrslt h Dmktrgi ht Vlhthr @rhktj, prsl`hkt jmkkhur`hs gag`dlhs hurmphkkhs, `h iXklvhrslt `Gdsthr`gd.

Vrhdlhr dhhtlkb pmur GbrhhkQeliis

Igkkh ?671 gurg t imaagslmk pmur iLkrg h rgfirdhr shs ilhks prlvliblsgvha shs jmdmimbuhs grbhktlk ht orslilhk, tmut hk vhimppgkt ig ammprgtlmksalhktlquh gvha ig Ajlkh.

G.Ohbuhy/Lkrg

Ihssystdhsgildhktglrhs`hsvliihs

Xkgpphi `mstrhslkthrkgtlmkgi surigttkugtlmkùajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh

Ih`vhimpphdhktgu aur`hsrhigtlmksgvhaihABLG_

IXD_ Lkkmvgtlmk mrbgklshih amiimquhlkthrkgtlmkgi Lkkmvgtlmkslk Xrogk Cmm`Qysthds ihs ?: ht?< matmorh?671 Dmktphiilhrhk pgrthkgrlgtgvhaiXD_ Dmlsg, ig AjglrhXkhsam Gildhktgtlmksù dmk`hht GbrmpmilsLkthrkgtlmkgi.Igffux `h726 phrsmkkhsvhkuhs`h ?3 pgyspmurahtth8hamkcrhkahù rshgu `hrhajhrajhQustglkgoih Cmm`Vigkklkb `Ghsmp(Gssmalgtlmk mc Hurmphgk

Qajmmismc Vigkklkb)dmktrhilktrtarmlssgkt pmurihs rhajhrajhssurihssystdhs gildhktglrhs`hs vliihs, ig armlsh`hs salhkahssmalgihs,thajklquhsht gbrmkmdlquhs.

_hihvhrih` `hig rùatlmk hsdlsslmks`hbgz hstht`h shrrh`mrlblkhgbrlamihrhqulhrt ukhgpprmajh strgtblquhdmk`lgihht ukhammprgtlmk hktrhprmbrgddhs`h rhajhrajhkgtlmkgux.G ahtthk,ilkltlgtlvh`hprmbrgddgtlmk amknmlkthsur igbrlauiturh,ig saurltgildhktglrhht ihajgkbhdhkt aildgtlquh(CGAAH-NVL)gkkmkahih ?:

ngkvlhr?671 imuvhrturhùk gpphi prmnhtspiurl-pgrthkgrlgi surihsbgz hstht`hshrrh`mrlblkhgbrlamihgssmalgkt77 pgysdhdorhs`hCGAAH-NVLglksl quhih Agkg`g,ig Kmuvhiih-îgk`hht ihstgts-Xkls.Qulvrhihs gpphis prmnht`hig CGAAH-NVL>gbhkah-kgtlmkgih-rhajhrajh.cr/sulvl-oligk/hkvlrmkkhdhkt-ht-rhssmurahs-olmimblquhs/npl-cgaah/

Ihiuk`l 0 dgrs?671 GbrmpmilsLkthrkgtlmkgi,Dmktphiilhr,shst`rmuihig ardmklh`h slbkgturh`gaamr`s`h pgrthkgrlgtpmur ih`vhimpphdhkthktrhihs tgoilsshdhktscrgkgls`h rhajhrajhht`hkshlbkhdhktsuprlhur gbrlamihsht ihAmksuitgtlvhBrmup mkLkthrkgtlmkgi Gbrlauiturgi _hshgraj (Ablgr).Ahtthardmklhcglt sulth ig pmsh`h ig prhdlrhplhrrh pgrAjrlstlgk Omurqulk,Vrsl`hkt ùAmkshli rblmkgi Igkbuh`ma-_mussliimk,ù otldhktqul johrbhrgihslbh ù Ablgr.Hk sgvmlrpiussurih Ablgr>ablgr.mrb/wjm-wh-grh/

M._hajguajrh/Lkrg

GbrmVmilsLkthrkgtlmkgi

60:

Vmur hk sgvmlr pius > lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Qtrgthblhs/Hurmph-ht-lkthrkgtlmkgi/Pmuths-ihs-gatugilths/Amkchrhkah-mrbgklshh-gu-Dgrma-pgr-ihs-lkstltutlmks-`h-rhajhrajh-gbrmkmdlquh- -Gibhrlh-`h-Crgkah-ù-Dgrma-ht-`h-Puklslh


26/158


687

7

g?671


Prs sgtlscglsgkths . Glksl smkt qugilhs ihs gatlvlts hs trmlslkstltuts Agrkmt plimts pgr iLkrg ilssuh h ihur vgiugtlmk dl-pgramurs, ihs lkstltuts smkt igohiilss pmur alkq gks, pgr ih

amdlt g` jma h iGbhkah kgtlmkgih h ig rhajhrajh (GK_).Wugildhkt, ih Agrkmt ``l ilkkmvgtlmk gildhktglrh, amkshrvhukh gatlvlt `h rhajhrajh pgrthkgrlgih smuthkuh dgibr igamknmkaturh thkùh `gks ih shathur, ht bkrh hk ?671 ukhgubdhktgtlmk `h 12% `h shs rhahtths pgr ihs amktrgts gvha ihshktrhprlshs pgr rgppmrt ?676, smlt 1,1 D 5 amktrgts pgssspmur uk tlhrs `hktrh hux gvha `hs PVH, VDH mu HPL. Wugildhktigkah pgrgiiihdhkt hk ?671 ihs `dgrajhs kahssglrhs igahrtlagtlmk LQMmk pguih ih pgrthkglrh prlv pmur cglrh ig prhuvh u amkahpt, ahst--`lrh

ig dmkstrgtlmk h cglsgolilt u prmnht. Vuls mk prma`h ig prmthatlmklkthiihatuhiih `h ah `hrklhr, hk rhamurgkt uk orhvht. Ql imk `vhimpphuk gildhkt amkthkgkt hs idhkts prmtbs, mk mlt pmusshr ihs tu`hsailklquhs ht pmshr uk `msslhr iHcsg, igutmrlt hurmphkkh h saurlt`hs gildhkts. Ql imk `vhimpph uk amdpidhkt gildhktglrh, ig prmaùrhhst gimrs pius ibrh pmur ihs dgrajs pius muvhrts, amddh ihs tgts-Xklspgr hxhdpih.

Xk hxhdpih h suaahss stmry pmur ?671 =

Nh althrgl, hk liiustrgtlmk h ig prhdlrh quhstlmk, ihxhdpih h ig stgrt-up jmiigk`glsh Olm-Gatmr. Kmus gvmks cglt pmur hux ig prhuvh h amkahpt`h iuk `h ihurs prmùlts, Omkmilvh, qul hst uk hxtrglt pmiypjkmilquhigomr pgrtlr `h chuliihs milvlhr, qul stlduih ihs ahiiuihs prmùatrlahs`ms ajhz ijmddh, ht prvlhkt ah tltrh imstmpmrmsh. Kmus gvmksbgihdhkt pms uk orhvht sur ah prmùlt puls vgil` salhktlquhdhktsmk pmthktlhi ajhz ig chddh dkmpgush. Li hst lktrmùlt gux tgts-Xkls smus ig cmrdh `h piuslhurs amdpidhkts gildhktglrhs ht `hvrglttrh igka, tmunmurs smus ig cmrdh ùk amdpidhkt gildhktglrh, sur ihdgraj hurmphk hk ?670.

Cglrh ig prhuvh u amkahpt puls pmshrih orhvht

Agtjhrlkh HQKMXC@lrhatrlah `h Wugildhkt

@lrhatrlah salhktlquh g`nmlkth LkrgGildhktgtlmk & Olmamkmdlh

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

11%Xk tlhrs hs amktrgts pgsss hk ?671 pgr Wugildhkt,

amkahrkh hs trs phtlths hktrhprlshs (PVH), hs phtlths htdmyhkkhs hktrhprlshs (VDH) ht hs hktrhprlshs h tgliih

lkthrd`lglrh (HPL)

G kmthr pmur Lasg, ig vgil`gtlmk hk ?671 pgr iGK_ ù prmnhtChh`Qarhhk qul gomutlrg hk ?670 ig argtlmk ùk igomrgtmlrh`gkgiysh pr`latlvh h ildpgat hs lkbr`lhkts ht gildhkts sur igsgkt ht ildduklt hs gkldgux ìhvgbh.Hkk, 1OAG_, ih Agrkmt ``l ig ajldlh vhrth, amkrdh sgsmil`h hxprlhkah `h pgrthkgrlgt amkmdlquh, gvha pius `h ?7?prmnhts `h rhajhrajh pgrthkgrlgih hk amurs (7?1 amktrgts `hrhajhrajh amktrgatuhiih ht :< amktrgts h rhajhrajh amiigomrgtlvh)hktrgkgkt uk omk` `hs rhahtths `h 0,: D hk ?67? 3,3 D hk?671, mkt + 31% gvha ihs VDH.

Slslthz ihs slths Lkthrkht h kms lkstltuts Agrkmt >qugildhkt.crla-sgkth-gkldgih.amd1oagr.cr

_hkcmrahr ih pgrthkgrlgt& ilkkmvgtlmkgvha ihs hktrhprlshs

Prlpih sgtlschalt pmur

ihs lkstltuts Agrkmt

R.Ohguagr`ht/Lkrg

Wugildhkt, LAQG ht 1OAG_,ihs lkstltuts Agrkmt plimts pgr iLkrg,smkt vgius trs cgvmrgoihdhkt pgriGK_ dl-pgramurs h ihur igohi


27/158


681

7

g?671


Agrolms ht iLkrg suklsshkt pmur ig vlh`hs pigstlquhs olmsmuras

Hvgiugtlmk hs phstlal`hs > uk thst Lkrg sur ihs igrvhs`gohliihs g`mpt gu klvhgu lkthrkgtlmkgi

Ht sl hdglk, ihs ajhts pigstlquhs rh`hvhkglhkt ukh dgtlrh prhdlrh rutlilsgoih hs amts amdptltlcs pmur ilkùstrlh = Ht sl hdglk, mk pmuvglt`brg`hr ihs pigstlquhs kmk rhayaigoihs brah `h kmuvhgux prma`s olmimblquhs = Ht sl `hdglk, ih àjht pigstlquh `hvhkglt ukh mppmrtukltlkùstrlhiih ht kmk pius ukh amktrglkth = Agrolms ht iLkrg igkahkt uk prmnht hkvhrburh pmur vhimpphr hs prma`s olmimblquhs lkkmvgkts vlsgkt vgimrlshr ihs ajhts pigstlquhs ht prmùlrh hs pmiydrhs olmsmuras amdptltlcs. Agrolms, smalt h ajldlh vhrth, spalgilsh gks ih vhimpphdhkt`h olm-prma`s lkùstrlhis lkkmvgkts, g glksl okal h ig slbkgturh uk pgrthkgrlgt struaturgkt uk dmktgkt h 2 dliilmks hurms gvha iLkrg, gushlk h Pmuimush Rjlth Olmthajkmimby (PRO), gks ih ag`rh u prmnht amiigomrgtlc Pjgkgpigst. Li sgblt i h iuk hs prhdlhrs prmnhts gks ih mdglkh`h ig pigsturblh, gssmalgkt gutmur h Agrolms (ajhc h ih) piuslhurs pgrthkglrhs gag`dlquhs ht lkùstrlhis (ih AK_Q, iXklvhrslt h Vmltlhrs, iLkrg,@hlkmvh, Ildgbrglk, ih Brmuph Ogrolhr).

Ivgiugtlmk hs rlsquhs ils iutlilsgtlmk h phstlal`hs hk gbrlauiturh hst ukh tgph ai pmur igutmrlsgtlmk h dlsh sur ih dgraj h ahs prmùlts. Hiihrhpmsh kmtgddhkt sur hs thsts qul dhsurhkt ihurs hsthts sur ihs mrbgklsdhs kmk-aloihs amddh ihs gohliihs. Iuklt hxprldhktgih Hktmdmimblh (IhDgbkhrgu`) vhimpph uk thst `h tmxlalt sur ihs igrvhs gohliihs, g`mpt pgr ig Crgkah s ?662. Ah thst lk vltrm phrdht `tgoilr, pmur uk prmùlt`mkk, ig `msh pgrtlr `h igquhiih ah prmùlt prshkth ukh tmxlalt. Li mstrh ihs amk`ltlmks `hxpmsltlmk ihs dlhux amktrihs pmur uk amt dmlk`rh,amdpgr uk thst amkùlt smus shrrh pgr hxhdpih. Li pmurrglt gussl trh utlils pmur uk prhdlhr trl hs dmiauihs thsthr pgr ihs gutmrlts hurmphkkhs`gks ih ag`rh hs hdgk`hs h dlsh sur ih dgraj. Vrmpms gu klvhgu h iMrbgklsgtlmk h ammprgtlmk ht h vhimpphdhkt amkmdlquhs (MA@H), ahthst vlhkt trh g`mpt hk tgkt quh ilbkh lrhatrlah hk dm`h hxpmsltlmk glbu.

Iuagstmr/Cmtmilg.amd

G.V

rhkks/Lkrg

imaagslmk ù 76h gkklvhrsglrh `Lkrg Prgkschrt mrbgkls iJthi`h Ormsslhr, uk ògt sur ih tjdh Wuhiih rhajhrajh puoilquh pmur

quhiih armlssgkah = shst thku ih dgr`l < nuliiht Vgrls. Gkld pgrCr`rla Pg``h, li ruklt @gklhi Amjhk, amkmdlsth, Nhgk-@l`lhr Slkahkt`h iGag`dlh `hs salhkahs, Vjlilpph Ikh, `lrhathur bkrgi `LkrgPrgkschrt ht Crgkmls Jmuiilhr, prsl`hkt-`lrhathur bkrgi h iLkrg. Clilgih`h rmlt prlv h iLkrg hk ajgrbh u trgkschrt hs rsuitgts h ig rhajhrajhgbrmkmdlquh vhrs ih shathur prlv, Lkrg Prgkschrt hst kh hk ?661. @hpuls76 gks, ajgquh gkkh, ukh qugrgktglkh h amktrgts smkt slbks gvha hshktrhprlshs, amktrlougkt glksl ig dlsh hk pigah `h kmuvhgux prmùlts,shrvlahs mu `h kmuvhiihs thajkmimblhs, tmus argthurs `h vgihurs ht`hdpimls. Hk ?671, Lkrg Prgkschrt brh uk pmrthchuliih `h 1:6 ilahkahsgvha ?86 pgrthkglrhs lkùstrlhis, pmur uk ajlstrh gstglrhs h ig bhstlmk hs pmrthchuliihs h thajkmimblhsmu ih vhimpphdhkt h stgrt-up lkkmvgkths.

Lkrg Prgkschrt cth shs 76 gks

IhAmksmrtlud `hvgimrlsgtlmk tjdgtlquh`Giihkvlmprgtlmkkhi

@hskmuvhguxmutlispmurih `lgbkmstlavbtgi

@hsdmìhspmurigildhktgtlmk`h`hdglk

@gksihag`rhù prmnhthurmphk @rhgd,`hsdmìhsphrdhttgkt`hslduihrildpgat `hsprmahssus `htrgkscmrdgtlmk surihs prmprltskutrltlmkkhiihsmu dlarmolmimblquhs`hs gildhktssmkt `vhimpps.Ihshktrhprlshs`h igbrmgildhktglrh,kmtgddhkt ihsVDH, `lspmshrmktglksl`h dmìhs ig cmlsbkrlquhs htsufisgddhkt rgilsthspmurmptldlshrihurs prmahssmu pmurigomrhr `hsrhahtths lkkmvgkths.Xkamiimquhlkthrkgtlmkgi `haiturh` u prmnhtmrbgklsù ?0 gu ?3 nulk?671 Kgkthsrhk` amdpth`hs rsuitgts`tgliis.Hk sgvmlrpius sur@_HGD>ahplg.lkrg.cr/Mutlis-ht-_hssmurahs/Amkchrhkahs/?671-@_HGD

Gvhaig prlsh`hcmkatlmk `hDgraAjgussg`h, `lrhathurhxautlc htihigkahdhkt mfialhi u 1 gvrli ?671,ih ASP`h iGiilgkahkgtlmkgih`hrhajhrajh pmurihkvlrmkkhdhkt(Giihkvl)hktrh`gks ukhpjgshmprgtlmkkhiih.Monhatlc >`vhimpphr ukhvlslmk strgtblquhamddukhgux dhdorhsgathurs `hig vgimrlsgtlmk gksihs`mdglkhs`h ig olmamkmdlh,`hs amthajkmimblhs,`hsrlsquhskgturhishtaildgtlquhsht`h ig bhstlmk hsthrrltmlrhsht`hsshrvlahshkvlrmkkhdhktgux.Hk sgvmlrpiussurihASP`Giihkvl>giihkvl.cr/brmuphs-trgksvhrsgux/vgimrlsgtlmk/amksmrtlud-`h-vgimrlsgtlmk-tjhdgtlquh

Ihs?: ht?< dgrs?671 ihBhvhs htSbpmiysgaa uhliihkt Ohguamuzihprhdlhr sdlkglrhmrbgklspgr ih_shgu crgkglspmur ig sgktvbtgihgvha ihsmutlhk `hig Qmaltcrgkglsh `hpjytmpgtjmimblhht`hiLkrg surih tjdh> Kmuvhgux mutlispmurih`lgbkmstlavbtgi .Vius`h 766 salhktlquhsht thajklalhksvhkus`h ig Crgkahhktlrhdglsgussl `hsVgys-Ogs, ù @gkhdgre,`Gkbihthrrhht `hQimvklh shsmktrhtrmuvspmur pgrtgbhrihs `hrklhrsmutlis `h`lgbkmstla vbtgi.

Xkorhvhtpmurdmlks`hsuiths`gksihvlk

Gomutlsshdhkt`h trgvgux hbktlquh qugktltgtlvhht `hsihatlmkrgilsshk pgrthkgrlgtgvhauk lkstltutthajklquhht uk lkùstrlhi,ukhsmuajhkmimblquh`h Qgaajgrmdyahs ahrhvlslgh (gvhaukhcgloihprmùatlmk hsuiths ht`gutrhs amdpmsssmucrs) hstmothkuhhtdlsh surih dgrajhk ?671.Ahstrgvgux amkùlshkt uk orhvhtpmrtgktsur`hux bkhshtihursvgrlgktsqulphrdhtthkt`hdmùihrigcmrdgtlmk hsamdpmss smucrsajhz ihsihvurhs hk chrdhktgtlmk.

O.K

lamigs/Lkrg

68?

Vmur hk sgvmlr pius > lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Qtrgthblhs/Lkrg/Pmus-ihs-dgbgzlkhs/Vrmdmuvmlr-ihs-lkkmvgtlmks-lssuhs-`h-ig-rhajhrajh-gbrmkmdlquh-76-gks-`-Lkrg-Prgkschrt

Vmur hk sgvmlr pius > prhssh.lkrg.cr/_hssmurahs/Amdduklquhs-`h-prhssh/Agrolms-Lkrg-pgrthkgrlgt-strgthblquh-gu-shlk-`h-PRO

Vmur hk sgvmlr pius > pmltmu-ajgrhkths.lkrg.cr/Pmuths-ihs-gatugilths/Phst-tmxlalth-igrvhs-gohliihs-g`mpth-pgr-i-MA@H


28/158


688

7

g?671


Wuhiih sulth hst mkkh ahs `hux nmurkhs h amkstruatlmk =

Ig prhdlrh, trs amkarth, shrg ih dmktgbh, s ?670, uk _shgu dlxththajkmimblquh (_DP) Qystdhs h pmiyauiturh ht ihvgbh pmrt pgriLkstltut `h iihvgbh. Imonhatlc dgnhur tgkt vl hddhkt `h amktrlouhr

ig rslilhkah hs QVAH, ih _DP hvrg trs vlth sgtthihr ig amksmil`gtlmkùk gkkuglrh `h phrsmkkhs-rhssmurahs phrdhttgkt ig rhajhrajhpuoilquh ht gux pmrthurs h prmnhts h amiigomrhr gu pius vlth.

Amddhkt vmkt trgvgliihr ihs gathurs u _DP =

Lis vmkt grtlauihr ihurs gatlmks gutmur `h qugtrh gxhs > ig agrgatrlsgtlmk`h ihfiagalt hkvlrmkkhdhktgih, amkmdlquh ht smalgih `hs QVAH 5 igvgimrlsgtlmk hs amdpidhktgrlts hktrh auiturhs ht ihvgbh iajhiih`hs thrrltmlrhs 5 ig vhliih sur ihs hxprlhkahs mrlblkgihs h thrrglk, tgkt hkCrgkah qu itrgkbhr 5 ht hkk ih trgkschrt `h ahs gatlmks smus ig cmrdh`h cmrdgtlmks, `h amdduklagtlmks ht `h amkshlis `hstlkgtlmk `hsàl`hurs puoilas.

Amktrlouhr ig rslilhkah hs QVAH

Vjlilpph IHAMXSH\Gatg Vgrls

@lrhathur bkrgi h iGssmalgtlmk`h ammr`lkgtlmk

thajklquh gbrlamih (Gatg)_shgu `hs lkstltuts

`hs ilrhs gkldgihs ht vbtgihs

Lkrg

Ahs nmurkhs lkthrvlhkkhkt gimrs quh ig sltugtlmk hst pgrg`mxgih >ih kmdorh `hs hxpimltgtlmks `h pmiyauiturh-ihvgbh amktlkuh `hrbrhsshr dgibr uk okah rhi hk thrdhs h urgolilt, tgk`lsquh `gutrhs cmrdhs `gssmalgtlmk `hs prmùatlmks vbtgihsht gkldgihs dhrbhkt. Imonhatlc `h ahs nmurkhs hst `mka `hrhdmolilshr ihs trgvgux salhktlquhs `lspmkloihs ht `h cglrhuk pmlkt sur ihs phrsphatlvhs, ihs `muths ht ihs quhstlmks quhsmuivh gunmur`jul ig pmiyauiturh-ihvgbh amddh vmlh ùk`vhimpphdhkt pius urgoih h igbrlauiturh.

Vmur vlslmkkhr ihs ogts ht prshktgtlmks, rhk`hz-vmus sur >lkstltut.lkrg.cr/Qtrgthblhs, dmt-aihc Vmiyauiturh .

@vhimpphrihs pgrthkgrlgtsgvha ih dmk`h gbrlamih

_hphkshr igrtlauigtlmk

hktrh prmùatlmksvbtgih ht gkldgih

Hk ajm gu pigk bmuvhrkhdhktgi Vrmùlsmks gutrhdhkt igka hk àhdorh ?67?, ig rgssmalgtlmk `hs prmùatlmksvbtgihs ht gkldgihs gppgrgt gunmur`jul amddh ukh vmlh

ldpmrtgkth hxpimrhr kmk shuihdhkt pmur rhd`lhr gux hsthtskbgtlcs h ilkthkslagtlmk ht h ig spalgilsgtlmk hs hxpimltgtlmksht hs ogsslks `h prmùatlmk sur ihkvlrmkkhdhkt, dgls gussl pmurgdilmrhr ihfialhkah h iutlilsgtlmk hs rhssmurahs (rùatlmk hsohsmlks hk lktrgkts h syktjsh) ht ig rmousthssh hs systdhs hprmùatlmk cgah gux gigs ht ajgkbhdhkts aildgtlquhs mu smalm-amkmdlquhs.

?7IGatg rhprshkth ?7 lkstltuts thajklquhs

gbrlamihs guprs hs lkstgkahs prmchsslmkkhiihs htbmuvhrkhdhktgihs, kgtlmkgihs ht lkthrkgtlmkgihs

N.Rhohr/Lkrg

IGatg, hk ajgrbh `h igkldgtlmkù rshgu hs lkstltuts thajklquhsgbrlamihs, ht iLkrg mrbgklshkt uksdlkglrh kgtlmkgi ajgkbh sur ihssystdhs h pmiyauiturh-ihvgbh (QVAH)`gks ihs thrrltmlrhs


29/158


7

g?671


Xk gthilhr g rukl ajhrajhurs, gathurs h ig prmchsslmk gbrlamih ht pmuvmlrspuoilas, gutmur ù tjdh `h ig amkahptlmk `h systdhs gbrlamihsgbrmamimblquhs iajhiih ùk thrrltmlrh. Imonhatlc hst `h amkstrulrh,hk smrtlh gppilquh, uk amrpus `h prlkalphs ht `h rbihs `h bhstlmk hksgppuygkt sur ih ags amkarht `hs hssgls dhks gu ajgdp pgr kmtrh XD_Gbrmamimblh. Ahs nmurkhs phrdhtthkt h cglrh ih pmlkt sur kms dtjm`hshxprldhktgihs, ht sur ihs amkkglssgkahs `lspmkloihs hk gbrmamimblhpmur amkstrulrh `hs prmtmamihs hxprldhktgux. Igthilhr amktrlouh iigomrgtlmk ùk prmnht `hxprldhktgtlmk hk gbrmamimblh sur kmtrh`mdglkh `h @lnmk-Hpmlsshs, `n gu aur `h rsuitgts salhktlquhs

prmdhtthurs.

Hk sgvmlr pius sur ihs hssgls hk gbrmamimblh dhks pgr iLkrg `h @lnmk >`lnmk.lkrg.cr/Pmuths-ihs-gatugilths/Hssgl]systhdhs

G @lnmk, ihs hxprldhktgtlmkssh am-amkstrulshkt

N.Ajhvgi`mkk/AKH_PG

Ihsamsystdhsgqugtlquhsmktihurpih

Ihsshrvlahsamsystdlquhsguimkbamurs

Dlhuxamkkgtrhihdpimlgbrlamih>iLkrghtig DQG

rhkmuvhiihktihur gaamr``h pgrthkgrlgt

Xk pih`tu`h ht`h rhajhrajhpmur ig bhstlmk hsamsystdhsgqugtlquhshk thrrltmlrhgbrlamih,BhstGqug,hst lkguburih vhk`rh`l?8 matmorh?671 _hkkhs.G ahtthmaagslmk, uk prmtmamih`gaamr` hstslbkpgr Hilsgohtj @upmkt-Ehrigk,@lrhatrlahbkrgih `hiMkhdghtVgtrlae Jhrplk,Vrsl`hktht @iburblmkgi ù ahktrhLkrg `h_hkkhs,OrhtgbkhOgssh-Kmrdgk`lh.Hk sgvmlrpius surBhstGqug >www3.lkrg.cr/mrh-pca

Qholmpgbamkstltuhuk rshgu hsulvl imkbthrdh>`hsshrvlahsamsystdlquhsrhkùspgr ig olm`lvhrslt`gksihs pgysgbhsgbrlamihs,`hs cgathursqul ihslkuhkahkt(amdpmsltlmk htstruaturhù pgysgbh,prgtlquhs gbrlamihs),`h ihurvmiutlmk `gksih amkthxth`hsajgkbhdhkts bimogux (ajgkbhdhktùtlilsgtlmk `hsthrrhs,ajgkbhdhktaildgtlquh,ajgkbhdhkt `gksihkvlrmkkhdhktamkmdlquhht rbihdhktglrh)ht`h ig`gptgtlmk hssystdhs`hprmùatlmk gbrlamih.Hk sgvmlrpius > sholmpgb.lkrg.cr/

Ihiuk`l ?8 cvrlhr?671, CrgkmlsJmuliihr,Vrsl`hkt-@lrhathurbkrgi hiLkrg, Brgr`Vhijth,Vrsl`hkt `hig Dutuhiihsmalgihgbrlamih(DQG)ht Dlajhi Orguit,`lrhathur `hig Aglsshahktrgih`hig DQG,rhkmuvhiihktpmuralkqgksihpgrthkgrlgthktrhihs`huxlkstltutlmks,ldpuishk ?66:.ILkrg prmùlt`gks ahag`rh `hstu`hspmrtgktsur ihdpimlgbrlamih.Hk sgvmlrpius > prhssh.lkrg.cr/_hssmurahs/Amdduklquhs-`h-prhssh/gaamr`-pgrthkgrlgt-Lkrg-DQG

R.Ohguagr`ht/Lkrg

LpsudImrhdLkrg?671

683

ILkrg ht ILtgo slbkhkt uk gaamr` `h pgrthkgrlgt `gks ih `mdglkh`h igbrlauiturh olmimblquh (GO) ih ?2 cvrlhr ?671 imrs ù sgimk `higbrlauiturh. Aht gaamr`, slbk pgr ih Vrsl`hkt-@lrhathur bkrgi h iLkrg

Crgkamls Jmuiilhr ht ih prsl`hkt h iLtgo Giglk @hihohaq, mkkh uk ag`rh imrbgklsgtlmk `hs ajgkbhs, ig amkahrtgtlmk ht ig ammprgtlmk hktrhihs hux struaturhs. Li vlsh kmtgddhkt cgvmrlshr, gu klvhgu kgtlmkgi htlkthrkgtlmkgi, ig am-amkstruatlmk h prmnhts ht ig vlslolilt h ig rhajhrajh-hxprldhktgtlmk hk gbrlauiturh olmimblquh (GO), ht dutugilshr ihsdmyhks.

ILkrg ht iL tgo slbkhkt uk gaamr``h pgrthkgrlgt

Lkrg


30/158

1r`Lkrgs bimogi rgkelkb cmr tjh

kudohr mc altgtlmks rhahlvh` lkgbrlauiturgi salhkahs gk` lk gkldgigk` pigkt salhkahs

76crgdhwmre gbrhhdhkts slbkh`wltj jlbjhr h`uagtlmk lkstltuthsgk` rhblmkgi rhshgraj mrbgklsgtlmks

?crgdhwmre gbrhhdhkts slbkh`wltj Crhkaj rhshgraj mrbgklsgtlmks(AK_Q, LCVHK)

0

crgdhwmre gbrhhdhkts slbkh`wltj cmrhlbk rhshgraj mrbgklsgtlmks

?7amdphtltlvhkhss aiusthrs lk wjlajLkrg ls lkvmivh`

Ehy burhs?671

: 183phrdgkhkt stgst lkaiu`lkb86.3%wmdhk

7 :01phrdgkhkt rhshgrajhrs

? 003trglkhhs& 0 Lkrg Vjmtm IlorgryBrgpjla hslbk> Lkrg Arhgtlmk Qtu`lm /XAVAVrlkthrs> OLV_LKP- 136,rmuth`h Cilks- 2:076 OMXGCIH-C_GKAH

Lkrg 702,ruh `hiXklvhrslt -2811: VG_LQ -C_GKAH L Phi.> +11(6)7 0? 28 +11(6)7 02 68


31/158

AmkthktsV_HQHKPGPLMKH`ltm oy Crgkmls Jmuiilhr

63?

Qalhktla prm`uatlmks

638

Vgkmrgdg ?671

633

Gwgr`s & lstlkatlmks

63:

DLQQLMKQ & VG_PKH_QJLVQ

Amksmil`gtlkb tjh crhkaj rhshgraj gk` jlbjhr h`uagtlmk systhd

6:6

Gktlalpgth, lkcmrd, lsauss

6:3

Hdhrblkb gpprmgajhs, cgalkb ehy ajgiihkbhs

6


32/158

H`ltmrlgiy Crgkmls Jmuiilhr

_HQL@HKP & AHM

A.Dgtrh/Lkrg

631Qjgrlkbmur vlslmk

mc gbrlauiturgirhshgraj

Gimkb wltj tjh Dgkgbhdhkt Omgr , dy bmgitjrmubjmut ?671 wgs tm amkkhat wltj stgst crmdLK_G gk mur pgrtkhrs. Cmiimwlkb tjh Crhkaj

Quddlt mk Jlbjhr Hùagtlmk gk _hshgraj gk tjh`hvhimpdhkt mc twm slbklagkt igws, lt wgs arualgi tjgtwh jhgr tjh hxphatgtlmks gk subbhstlmks mc phrdgkhktgk amktrgatugi stgst gk sphge wltj mur gag`hdla, smalm-prmchsslmkgi, hamkmdla gk lkùstrlgi pgrtkhrs, gs whii gstjmsh crmd alvli gk rhblmkgi mrbgklsgtlmks.

LK_Gs 72 rhshgraj ahktrhs sht tjh stgbh cmr tjhsh tjmubjt-prmvmelkb amkvhrsgtlmks. Pjls tmur `h Crgkah, wjlajohbgk lk Chorugry lk _hkkhs gk hk`h lk @hahdohr lktjh Crhkaj Rhst Lk lhs gk Bulgkg, sjmwagsh tjh wl`hrgkbh mc LK_Gs gatlvltlhs, prmùatlmks gk ldpgats. Murgdoltlmk tm hxpimrh gk rhvhgi tjh ildlts mc ekmwih`bh,hsshktlgi cmr g rhshgraj mrbgklsgtlmk, wgs mkh mc g kudohr

mc cmagi pmlkts. Rh gism hxgdlkh mur amktrloutlmk tmlkkmvgtlmk gk thajkmimby trgkschr, suppmrt cmr puoilapmilalhs gk trglklkb tjrmubj rhshgraj, gs whii gs tjhkhahsslty mc amddltdhkt crmd tjh salhktla amddukltytm smalhtgi amkahrks. Curtjhrdmrh, tjh lvhrslty mc tjhuklts gt LK_G, mur salhktla amrh, wgs hqugiiy jlbjilbjth >rhshgraj, hxphrldhktgi gk shrvlah uklts, amktrgat-ogsh`gk nmlkt uklts gii amktrlouth tm tjh ormg samph mc murdlsslmks tjrmubj tjhlr amdpihdhktgry gatlvltlhs.

Pjh Crhkaj igw mk jlbjhr hùagtlmk gk rhshgraj mc ??Nuiy ?671 ormubjt up g kudohr mc lssuhs. Rh rhgfirdh`mur wliilkbkhss tm nmlk mur gag`hdla pgrtkhrs mkamiigomrgtlvh prmnhats tjrmubj nmlkt pmilalhs tjgt tgeh lktmgaamukt tjh l`hktltlhs gk stgtus mc hgaj mrbgklsgtlmk. Murmwk pmilay ls `hhpiy rmmth lk tjh dgky rhblmks mc Crgkahwjhrh wh wmre. Mur jlbj-qugilty amiigomrgtlvh prmnhatstgaeilkb sjgrh lkthrhsts jgvh ih us tm

Rapport d'activité INRA 2013

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