7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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@mdemu plur `jldlfkm farljakdm mst nm rm`mv `a prlnujtkvkt nms

kdvmstkssmfmdt par `af`klratkld nms jlddakssadjms mt nms

jlfptmdjms nm `a plpu`atkld mt jm`a dm pmut trm ra`ksmr qum par `aflgk`ksatkld mbbmjtkvm nms pltmdtka`kts nu systfm nujatkb datklda`

mt nu systfm tmjcdl`lhkqum plur `ms rmdnrm p`us mbbkjajm md

bavlrksadt `ms tradsbmrts nms dluvm``ms tmjcdl`lhkms mt md assuradt `a

prltmjtkld nms nrlkts nm prklrkt.

g.

Ztrujturm nm prlnujtkld

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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:

smjtmur ahrkj`lm

- ud plkns kfplrtadt nads `'mjldlfkm.

-mfp`lk `a faelrktm nm `a plpu`atkldajtkvm

-assurm aprms nm >,2 nm `'mfp`lkdatklda`m

`a prlnujtkld a pmtktm mjcm``m a jausmnu bakg`m pmdmtratkld tmjcdl`lhkqum mt

ud mxp`lktatkld nm pmtkt tak``m.

`'kdnustrkm

-jldsmrvm nms spmjka`ksatkldtranktklddm``ms a `'mxp`lktatkld.

-`'kdnustrkm fadubajturkmrmkdsubbksafmdt ''1>% nm plpu`atkld

ajtkvm mt 18% a `a va`mur aelutm tlta`m.

-`'kdnustrkm jckfkqum satksbakt sanmfadnm par nms kdtradts prlvkmdt nm

`'mxtmrkmur.

jlffmrjm

mxplrtatkld nm prlnuktsahrla`kfmdtakrm mttmxtk`m.

-dm jlrrmspldn pas a `a nmfadnm fldnka`m.

smrvkjm farjcadns

- `m tlurksfm ( 3% nm _KG, prkdjkpa`m slurjm nmnmvksm, smrvkjm tmjcdl`lhkqum bakg`m)

-tradsplrt mt jlffudkjatkld(:3% nm a va`muraelutmm, msslr avmj m prljmssus rkva`ksatkld.

mdtrmprksm

-bakg`m dkvmau nm jrmatkld n'mdtrmprksm

-bakg`m rmajtkvktm nms hradnm mdtrmprksms.

664 nmvm`lppmfmdt nms _FM

-dkvmau tmjcdl`lhkqum kdbmrkmur a ux dkvmau kdtmrd

-fakd n'lmuvrm pmu qua`kbkm

-jlut nm bkdadjmfmdt m`mvm-tradstbmrt nms tmjcdl`lhkms mdtrm ms mdtrmprksms fajrl

mt mtradhmrs sldt kfktms

-fadqum n'knmm ( nm gakssm jrlkssadjm, gakssmkdvmstkssmfmdt, gakssm rmdnmfmdt.)

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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KK. @ms ntmrfkdadts nm `a jrlkssadjm jldlfkqum 5

@a prlg`fatkqum nm `a jrlkssadjm flnrm nm `jldlfkm farljakdm a

ajjlfpahdm nudm utk`ksatkld dl lptkfa`m nms bajtmurs nm prlnujtkld, nudm

bakg`m kdthratkld mt nud fadqum nm nydafksfm nms mdtrmprksms

@a jrlkssadjm jldlfkqum pmut trm ra`ks hrjm a nmux jclsms 5

1.@a strujturm nm `a pl`ktkqum nm prlnujtkld

fajrljldlfkqum 5

@a pl`ktkqum gunhtakrm5 m``m da pas pu jldtmdkr tlut `ms nbkjkts a

jausm nm p`uskmurs jldtrakdtms tm` qum `a gakssm nms rmjmttms

nluadkrms, `a blrtm prmsskld nudm nmfadnm sljka`m mt `a rkhknkt a `a

gakssm nms npmdsms nm bldjtklddmfmdt, `a fassm sa`arka`m.

@a pl`ktkqum nm hmstklddakrm5 m``m a jldsmrv `ms nmttms

mxtrkmurms nu pays faks `m rmjlurs a `mdnmttmfmdt kdtrkmur smst

kdsjrkt nads udm tmdnadjm causskrm.

@a pl`ktkqum fldtakrm5 `m nydafksfm rjmdtm nu systfm

bkdadjkmr mt `autldlfksatkld nmGadi a` Fahcrmg jldstktumdt `a

prmfkrm pcasm plur pa``kmr aux jldtrakdtms nads jm nlfakdm, k`s ldt

ra`ksm ud rmblrfm nu janrm rh`mfmdtakrm nms gadqums mt nu farjcmfldtakrm mt `tag`kssmfmdt nud farjc nm jcadhm. @m systfm

gadjakrm farljakd sakd faks sld ajtkld rmstm `kfktm.

@a pl`ktkqum nm jcadhm5 m``m a rafdah nm prsmrvmr `a

jlfptktkvkt nms prlnukts farljakds a jausm nm `a nkbbkju`t nm

hmstkld nms `kquknkts avmj nms mdtrms fasskvms nm japktaux, mt `ms

nbkjkts gunhtakrms strujturm`s `mvs quk ldt bkdadjms par udm partkm

nms rmjmttms nms prkvatksatklds.

Jlfptag`m5 savlkr `m japkta`, `m

travak`, mt `a prlnujtkvkt.

Mfpkrkqum5 quadtkbkmr kfpajt nud

mdsmfg`m nm ntmrfkdadts nm `a

jrlkssadjm.

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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D.G5 `mbbkjajkt nms pl`ktkqums

fajrljldlfkqums plursukvms

nads `m butur, npmdnra nm `mur

japajkt a mdjlurahmr `kdktkatkvm

prkvm plur kdvmstkr mt jrmr nm `a

rkjcmssm.

7.Kdbrastrujturm jldlfkqum 5

@m Farlj nksplsm au prsmdt nud rsmau nkdbrastrujturms rlutkrms,

plrtuakrms, bmrrlvkakrms mt arlplrtuakrms rm`atkvmfmdt flnmrdm jluvradt

`mssmdtkm` nu tmrrktlkrm mt pmrfmttadt nm npmdnrm aux gmslkds nu paysnads jm nlfakdm mt md p`us k` a nms rmsslurjms cufakdms quld nlkt

af`klrmr mur nvm`lppmfmdt jar jmst ``fmdt mssmdtkm` nm tlutm

vl`utkld mt k` baut rnukrm nms nksparkts rhklda`ms mt nms kdha`kts mdtrm

zldms urgakdms mt rura`ms.

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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:.Hluvmrdadjm 5

@a glddm hluvmrdadjm elum ud r`m trs kfplrtadt nads `af`klratkld nm`mdvkrlddmfmdt nms abbakrms, nm `a jlfptktkvkt mt nm `attrajtkvkt nu pays

mt nm `a hmstkld mbbkjkmdtm nu japkta` cufakd, jmst plurqulk `ms pluvlkrs

pug`kjs au Farlj ldt mdtaf ud mdsmfg`m nm rmblrfms kfplrtadtms

jldjmrdadt `a ratklda`ksatkld nms strujturms anfkdkstratkvms mt `mur

njldjmdtratkld akdsk qum `a tradsparmdjm nm `mur flnm nm bldjtklddmfmdt

mt `af`klratkld nu systfm nm jldtr`m.

>.Japkta` cufakd 5

@kdnkjm nm nvm`lppmfmdt cufakd smst kdsjrkt nads udmtmdnadjm `a caussm,faks rmstm fmdaj par `m rytcfm nvl`utkld nms kdnkjms nm `a`pcagtksatkld mt

D.G 5 abkd nm jlrrkhmr `m nsquk`kgrm mdtrm `m

rura` mt `urgakd akdsk qumdtrm `ms rhklds, ld a

`adjm nms prlemts tm` qum 5 plrt ^adhmr- fn., plrtnads `ms prlvkdjms sacarkmddms, p`ad azur,

autlrlutms Farraimjc, Ahankr, Bs mt Luena.

DG5 `m dkvmau nm hluvmrdadjm

npmdnra nm tlutm `ms rmblrfms quk

plurrldt trm kfpu`sms au smkd nm

`a sljkt.

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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nu dkvmau nm vkm mt `a pauvrmt mt nu jcfahm quk rksqumdt nm brmkdmr

srkmusmfmdt `vl`utkld ajtum``m vmrs ud nvm`lppmfmdt cufakd nurag`m.

Zystfm nnujatkld 5 bakg`m qua`kt nm `mdsmkhdmfmdt mt sld

rmdnmfmdt kdtmrdm mt mxtmrdm md raksld nm sld kdanquatkldavmj sld mdvkrlddmfmdt sljkljldlfkqum.

Zadktakrm 5 `a sadtm nms farljakdms nmfmurm farqum par

surflrta`kt kdbadtk`m mt fatmrdm``m jldstktuadt ud rm`

prlg`fm nm sadtm pug`kqum.

_auvrmt 5 `m taux nm pauvrmt au Farlj mst rnukt hrjm

`mfp`lk,`m nvm`lppmfmdt

D.G 5 `m dkvmau nu nvm`lppmfmdt cufakd nm dltrm pays mst kdjapag`m nm

ra`ksmr udm jrlkssadjm jldlfkqum blrtm mt nurag`m. Nldj, k` mxkhm udm

kdtmdskbkjatkld nms mbblrts nm tlus `ms ajtmurs plur jlfg`mr `ms jarts

pmrskstadts quk sparmdt `ms Farlj a nautrms pays nm ffm dkvmau nm

nvm`lppmfmdt.

JCA_K^WM 7 5 @M WL@M NMZ _FM NADZ @M

NMRM@L__MFMD^ NM @MJLDLFKM 5

K.

@m bkdadjmfmdt nm `a _FM 5

a)Nbkdktkld nm `a _FM 5

k)par `a jcartm, k` jldsknrm trlks jrktrms 5

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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_rlprkt nu japkta` @a tak``m

Anfkdkstratkld (prlprktakrms ajtklddakrms)

kk)

par @AD_FM, sm`ld `m jckbbrm nabbakrm 5

^rs pmtktm mdtrmprksm flymddm mdtrmprksm

pmtktm mdtrmprksm

Flkds nm : fk``klds nm NC mdtrm : mt 1? fk``klds nm NC mdtrm 1? mt 18= fk``klds nm

NC

g)@m _FM nads `kdnustrkm fadubajturkrm 5

Zm`ld `m jckbbrm nabbakrm clrs taxms

@m hradnm mdtrmprksm _FM trs pmtktm

mdtrmprksm

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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1?

KKK.

_rlbk` nms _FM farljakdms 5

@m tkssu jldlfkqum farljakd mst jldstktum nm pmtktms mdtrmprksms quk

sslubbrmdt nudm brahk`kt nu strujturm nm `ajtkb a jausm nm sa daturm m``m-ffm

mt m``ms sm jarajtrksmdt par 5

-bakg`mssm nms ajtkbs kfflgk`kss. -Bakg`mssm nms ajtkbs kdjlrplrm`s.

-nlfkdadjm nm `ajtkb jkrju`adt. -Dkvmau mxjmsskb nm stljis.

-fadqum nm rkdvmstkssmfmdt.

Kfflgk`ksm nms kquknkts

Auhfmdt `ms gmslkds nm

bkdadjmfmdt

D.G5 `m dkvmau `mv nm stlji plurrakt trm ` lrkhkdmnudm5-fauvaksm hmstkld nm `a part nm `mdtrmprksm.

-qua`kt mt jlut nm `lhkstkqum

-jldjurrmdjm sur `m farjc jlffadn nm radnms uadtkts lur gdbkjkmr

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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RK.@M BKDADJMFMD^ NMZ _FM A] FAWLJ 5

]dm pa`mttm nm prlnukts varkm

Jrnkt

gadjakrm

@ms _FM mt ^_M prbrmdt `ms vlums nm bkdadjmfmdt

gadjakrm jar m``ms dm pmuvmdt pas rmjlurkr au farjcms

nms japktaux aussk bajk`mfmdt qum `ms hradnms

mdtrmprksms faks m``ms trluvmdt nms nkbbkju`ts a jausmnm `a brahk`kt ffm nms _FM mt nu nsquk`kgrm nu

jlupm rksqum/rmdtagk`kt.

Farjcms

bkdadjkmrs

@m bkdadjmfmdt nms _FM farljakdms vka `ms

farjcs bkdadjkmrs japktaux mt nmttms mst trs

farhkda` md raksld nm `trlktmssm mt nms

jldnktklds mxkhms par jms farjcs.

@ms _FM dm pmuvmdt pas pdtrmr au farjcm

glurskmr jlfparm aux _FM farljakds.

Japkta`rksqum

@ajtkvkt nu japkta` rksqum au Farlj mst trs farhkda` ajausm nm `a rkhknkt nms jrktrms n`khkgk`kt nms sljkts

nm japkta` rksqum mt `a strujturm bkdadjkrm nsquk`kgrm

nms _FM mt `kdsubbksadjm nm `mur mdjanrmfmdt

bkdadjkmr mt tmjcdkqum mt `m fadqum nm tradsparmdjm

tlut ja `kfktmdt `ajjms nm _FM a jm typm nm

bkdadjmfmdt.

R. @appuk bkdadjkmr kdnkrmjt aux _FM 5

@ms bldnms mt fjadksfms nm haradtkms

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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`a jakssm jmdtra`m

nm haradtkm `ms haradtkms nm

bkdadjmfmdt

`ms bldns nmharadtkm ''BLHAF''

`m bldns nmnmpl``utkld

kdnustrkm` ''BLNM_''

`ms bldnsnm

haradtkms

KF^KAUaknm `ms _FM a

rmdblrjmr murs ajtkbs jlrplrm`s

mt kdjlrplrm`s (7?% nu fldtadt

tlta` nm `'kdvmstkssmfmdt)

FLZZADANA ajjlfpahdm `ms

mdtrmprksms nads mur nmfarjcm

nm flnmrdksatkld mtn'afm`klratkld nm mur

jlfpmtktkvktm (2?% nu jluttlta` `a prmstatkld)

FL]IAXA@A^K hadtkm nmsprmts a `a jrmatkld nm `a emudmmdtrmprksm.

BL_M_ haradtkm nms jrmnktsn'kvmstkssmfmdt

D^KJ nmvm`lppm a haradtkm

`msfmsurms

nm`'appuksm`ld

`'AD_FM

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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RK. Fmsurms pltmdtk``ms a mdtrmtmdkr 5

a. @ajjs au farjc glurskmr 5

Nads ud jldtmxtm nm fadqum nm `kquknkt, nm hradnm jlfptktkld plur `ms

jrnkts gadjakrms mt `m dlfgrm rnukt nms vmdturms japkta`kstms mt `mursmxkhmdjms, `m farjc glurskmr sm prsmdtm jlffm udm sl`utkld kna`m plur `m

bkdadjmfmdt faks jm farjc mxkhm jmrtakds rh`ms jlfptag`ms qum `ms _FM dm

pmuvmdt pas sm bkdadjmr vka jm farjc.

@a sl`utkld 5 `a jratkld nud farjc `kgrm quk plurrakt prvlkr `a

plsskgk`kt nm fmttrm md p`ajm ud rhkfm nm prlxkfkt a

`apprcmdskld nu rksqum md rsmrvadt `ms dhljkatklds aux

kdvmstkssmurs qua`kbks, nldj au Farlj nmux cypltcsmsplurrakmdt ra`ksms 5

Jlfpartkfmdt glurskmr dluvmau farjc nkstkdjt

@a rh`mfmdtatkld nm `a

Jlfpartkfmdt lbbkjkm` jlfpartkfmdt `kgrm jratkld nm `lrhadksatkld mt

nu bldjtklddmfmdt nm jm

dluvmau farjc.

G) `ms fmsurms pltmdtkm``ms nm `AD_FM 5

Fa`hr `ms prlhraffms nappuk KF^KAU mt FLZZADANA f `ms _FMfarljakdms dm smfg`mdt pas tkrmr prlbkt nms lpplrtudkts lbbmrtms par `ms

prmstatklds nm `AD_FM. Jmst plurqulk, p`uskmurs flnkbkjatklds sldt

prvums 5

@a rvkskld nms jldnktklds n`khkgk`kt 5 udm nrlhatkld

plurrakt trm prvum plur `ms mdtrmprksms quk dldt pas

rmspmjt `ms jldnktklds, abkd nlgtmdkr `m quktus pmrfmttadt

nm plstu`mr plur `ms prlhraffms nappuk.

7/21/2019 langue et termino. resume du 1er et 2eme chapitre suivant l'ouvrage du prof louhmadi

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@a rnujtkld nms n`aks nm traktmfmdt nm nlsskmrs 5 `m n`ak

nattmdtm nms nlsskmrs mst nm 1=? elurs nldj `a sl`utkld mst

navlkr ajjs a `a sktuatkld nm `mdtrmprksm au `kmu

nattmdnrm.

@auhfmdtatkld nms mdvm`lppms 5 plsskgk`kt nauhfmdtmr

`ms fldtadts nms aknms md `ms kdnmxadt sur `ms jckbbrms

nabbakrms nms _FM jadnknatms.

j)@m prlhrs nm `lk sur `ms n`aks nm pakmfmdt 5

Jmrtakds j`kmdts nms ^_M mt nms KFM auhfmdtmdt `murs n`aks nm

rh`mfmdt, ja jldskstm `udm nms prkdjkpa`ms jausms nm nbak``adjm nms

mdtrmprksms, a`lrs `m prlemt nm `lk mst 5

Nm bkxmr `m n`ak nm pakmfmdt a udm nurm nbkdkm `lrsqum `m n`ak

plur rh`mr `ms slffms nums dmst pas jldvmdu mdtrm `ms partkms.

]d systfm nm pda`kt nm rmtarn plur jlfpmdsmr `ms kdtrts

gadjakrms supplrtm par `ms blurdkssmurs.

Nm jcadhmr `ms jlffkssakrms aux jlfptms nm vrkbkmr `m rmspmjt nm

jmttm rh`mfmdtatkld.