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Ba 0 04BITWKTIRIETAR ZKO@LATW~ik~irt ar knjadriet&ra~~irki~at dkoda~ot&mita ao wf`dabat DQDTW/ III

Ba 02 >1FAT @DRAQ^TWifkr`la iora~mioitr~iaf&~fat ba f@O^Q&ba f@DT& batw~eart fl`firbat dh`odatW/ UI

Ba >5 40FA EIO@ODAMAORMknifit`riko wqnfipqaar d~birt twdiffpqat&dkor~inqriko ba fBTQDT& bat ekobtaq~kwaot& bq EIWBW/ IX

Ba 4> 17FAT UKFARTKW^@RIKOOAFTWO^Q& l~kqwattkfib`~ir amwfki& dkor~`rb qrkokmia& dkfatba f` >a dh`odaW/ XI

D`hia~ o - Jqio-Jqiffar - O k- -|||/dkq~~ia~batm`i~at/e~

PQATRIKOT

F@ WKFIRIKQABA F@ UIFFA

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II Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

W~iodiw`f drikoo`i~a : L~kqwa Mkoiraq~ Hkfbiol/ Tkdir bir~ida : L~kqwa Mkoiraq~ T@T `q d`wir f ba 444 977 aq~kt/^DT : W`~it 274 787 8>4 - Tila tkdi`f : 077774-774 bk~iaor`riko ar ba w~kl~`mm`riko wkq~f` uiffa ar f` ~oku`riko q~n`ioa 3 WhifiwwaWamazad& @ttamnfa o`riko`fa& Dkmmittikobat ee`i~at dkokmipqat& ba faoui~kooamaorar bq ra~~irki~a : Bkdqmaort bioek~m`rikoba f@ttamnfa o`riko`fa o 4& @ttamnfao`riko`fa : >77775)

Fki bq 04 m`i 0990 iotrirq`or qoa bkr`rikoba tkfib`~ir q~n`ioa ar qo ekobt ba tkfib`~irbat dkmmqoat ba f` ~liko bIfa-ba-E~`oda(JK bq 02 m`i 0990 3 ua~tiko dkotkfiba`q 09+70+>771)

Fki bq 02 okuamn~a 0995 ~af`riua f` mitaao qu~a bq w`dra ba ~af`oda wkq~ f` uiffa(JK bq 01 okuamn~a 0995& ua~tiko dkotkfiba`q 5+74+>77777 ~af`riua f` tkfib`~ir ar q ~aokquaffamaor q~n`io(JK bq 02 bdamn~a >777 3 ua~tikodkotkfiba q 40+0>+>775)

Fki bq 0a~ `kr >774 bk~iaor`riko arba w~kl~`mm`riko wkq~ f` uiffa ar f` ~oku`riko

q~n`ioa (JK bq > `kr >774& ua~tikodkotkfiba q 5+74+>77> bdamn~a >771 ~af`rie`qx w~eart bflqt wkq~ fl`fir batdh`odat (JK bq >2 bdamn~a >771 3 ua~tikodkotkfiba q >2+0>+>771)

Bd~ar bq 0< j`ouia~ >775 iotrirq`orqo dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf ba w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda (JK bq 09 j`ouia~ >775)

Fki bq 40 m`~t >775 wkq~ fl`firbat dh`odat (JK bq > u~if >775& ua~tikodkotkfiba q 77775 wk~r`or aol`lamaoro`riko`f wkq~ fa fklamaor (JK bq 05 jqiffar>775 3 ua~tiko dkotkfiba q 5+74+>772 m`i >775 ar bq 01 taw-ramn~a >775 tq~ f` mita ao wf`da batdkor~`rt q~n`iot ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (DQDT)

Di~dqf`i~a bq 00 bdamn~a >775 tq~ f`mita ao qu~a bq ukfar bqd`rie bat DQDT/Affa atr dkmwfra w`~ fIotr~qdriko o 78-728JT bq 08 m`~t >778/ hrrw:++i/uiffa/lkqu/e~+biunin+bkd+Di~dJTm`~t>778/wbe

Fki 1 m`~t >77< iotrirq`or fa b~kir qfklamaor kwwkt`nfa (JKbq 5+74+>7777< ~af`riua f` w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda (JK bq < m`~t >770 eu~ia~ >778 ~af`riua`qx k~iaor`rikot bq Ekobt iora~mioitr~iafwkq~ f` w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda (EIWB)

Di~dqf`i~a bq >2 u~if >778 ~af`riua f` mita ao qu~a bq dkor~`r b`qrkokmia(hrrw:++i/uiffa/lkqu/e~)

Iotr~qdriko iora~mioitr~iaffa bq >0 m`i>778 tq~ f` mixir tdkf`i~a ( nqtiol )

Fat ~e~aodat

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Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 III

Pqaft tkor fat knjadrietba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa ;F` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa ` wkq~ knjadrietf` ~bqdriko w~kl~attiua bat iol`firt tkdi`fatar bat d`~rt ba buafkwwamaor aor~a fatra~~irki~at& ar fa ~arkq~ q b~kir dkmmqo /Affa uita ~iot~a~ bq~`nfamaor b`ot f` uiffafat pq`~ria~t ao bieffdqfr ar r~`ira& `u`or rkqr&fat e`draq~t fk~ilioa ba faxdfqtiko q~n`ioaar tkdi`fa bkor tkqee~aor dat pq`~ria~t/Affa uaqr e`uk~ita~& b`ot fa d`b~a bqo w~kjarlfkn`f ba ra~~irki~a& fa buafkwwamaordkokmipqa tkdi`f ar q~n`io ba dat pq`~ria~tbirt be`uk~itt/ Wkq~ daf`& affa dha~dha `li~tq~ rkqt fat fauia~t f` ekit : buafkwwamaortkdi`f ar dqfrq~af& ~auir`fit`riko dkokmipqa&amwfki& ~oku`riko q~n`ioa ar `mfik~`rikobq d`b~a ba uia& tdq~ir& dirkyaooarar w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda& t`or ard/

Pqatr da pqa f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa ;F` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa btiloa f` wkfiripqa mitaao wf`da w`~ fat wkquki~t wqnfidt `ffo ba ~au`fk~ita~fat zkoat q~n`ioat ao bieffdqfr ar ba ~bqi~a fatiol`firt aor~a fat ra~~irki~at/ If oy ` w`t ba bffoirikotr~idrk taotq ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa/ Affa oadkotrirqa w`t qoa dkmwraoda jq~ibipqa m`itqoa mrhkba ba f`driko wqnfipqa/ Affa atr mitaao qu~a l~da f` mknifit`riko bqoa wfq~`firb`rr~inqrikot dkoe~at bat dkffadriuirt/Affa ~awkta tq~ qoa wkfiripqa iora~mioitr~iaffa&`q oiua`q ba fAr`r& ar qoa wkfiripqa w`~rao`~i`fa`uad fat dkor~`rt q~n`iot ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (DQDT&fi~a pqatriko o 07)/

0 >

BA 0 04 BITWKTIRIET AR ZKO@LAT

W`~ D`rha~ioa Wariffko& jkq~o`fitra

Fa dh`mw ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa atr tr~qdrq~ btk~m`it w`~ fat dkor~`rt q~n`iotba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (DQDT)/ Da 17 pqatrikot ~`wwaffa fat w~ik~irt ar fat knjadriet&fat `draq~t ar fat mkyaot ffo`odia~t& fat ukfart kw~`rikooaft biora~uaorikob`ot fat pq`~ria~t birt w~ik~ir`i~at / Qo dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf bat uiffat bau~`irw~taora~ w~kdh`ioamaor qo w~kl~`mma r~iaoo`f b`driko wkq~ fat mioitr~atdkoda~ot/

F@ WKFIRIKQABA F@ UIFFA

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IU Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA 0 04 BITWKTIRIET AR ZKO@LAT

Pqaffat tkorfat w~ik~irt bq wf`o

atwki~ n`ofiaqat ;Ao eu~ia~ >778& Oidkf`t T`~ckzy ` w~taort` okquaffa wkfiripqa wkq~ fat n`ofiaqat/Fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat t`~ridqfa qrkq~ba pq`r~a l~`obt ukfart : famwfki& fbqd`riko&f` tdq~ir ar fat r~`otwk~rt(fi~a ao w`~ria IUfa br`if ba dat matq~at)/ Qo okqua`q dkor~`rb`qrkokmia atr daot kee~i~ qo w`~dkq~ttdq~it ua~t famwfki qx 21 777 jaqoatdhmaq~t pqi ~tibaor ao zkoa q~n`ioa tao-tinfa (ZQT)/ FAr`r tkqh`ira l`famaor e`uk~ita~f` d~`riko ba >7 777 aor~aw~itat b`otfat pq`~ria~t taotinfat/ Wkq~ qo dkr lfkn`fba >77 miffikot baq~kt qoa tkmma pqi iorl~a

fat ekobt ba f@laoda o`riko`fa wkq~ f` dkhtikotkdi`fa ar fl`fir bat dh`odat fa ukfarbqd`riko w~ukir okr`mmaor f` d~`rikoba 47 tirat baxdaffaoda tdkf`i~a & f` mqfri-wfid`riko bat iora~o`rt ba ~qttira bqd`riua kq aodk~a faxw~imaor`riko bq nqtiol fdkfa w~im`i~a (fi~a pqatrikot o 49 artqiu`orat)/

Pqatr-da pqqoa zkoaq~n`ioa taotinfa (ZQT) ;Fat ZQT ta d`~`dr~itaor w`~ f` w~taodaba l~`obt aotamnfat kq ba pq`~ria~t bh`nir`rbl~`b ar w`~ qo btpqifin~a `ddaorq aor~afh`nir`r ar famwfki / F` fitra bat ZQT ` r ffxaw`~ bd~ar ao 0995& wqit ~uita wkodrqaffamaorbaqx ekit/ Dat w~imr~at tkor u`fqt w`~fKnta~u`rki~a o`riko`f bat zkoat q~n`ioattaotinfat (KOZQT)& d~ w`~ f` fki bq 0a~ `kr>774 ar wf`d `qw~t bq mioitr~a dh`~l baf` uiffa/ If ` wkq~ mittiko ba tqiu~a fukfqrikobat iol`firt tkdi`fat ar bat d`~rt ba bua-fkwwamaor aor~a fat pq`~ria~t ao bieffdqfr ar faq~`llfkm~`riko 3 if matq~a fat mkyaot mknifittar u`fqa faq~t aeeart/

Pqaf atr fimw`dr ba f` ^LWWtq~ f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa ;B`ot fa d`b~a ba f` ~uitiko lo~`fa bat wkfiripqat

wqnfipqat (^LWW)& qo nif`o ao >779 ba f` w~ami~aw~ikba r~iaoo`fa bat dkor~`rt q~n`iot ba dkhtikotkdi`fa (fi~a pqatriko o 07) wa~marr~` ba ~auki~faq~ okmn~a ar ba w~dita~ fat mkb`firt ba tk~ria /Bat wh`tat ba r~`otiriko ta~kor k~l`oitat wkq~fat ra~~irki~at tk~r`ort (wh`tiol kqr)/FAr`r tkqh`ira miaqx dkk~bkooa~ tat `drikot`uad daffat bat dkffadriuirt fkd`fat& `q taio bat-pqaffat if e`qr w~iuiflia~ fdhafko iora~dkmmqo`fdkmma `draq~ daor~`f bq wifkr`la fkd`f bat wkfi-ripqat q~n`ioat / F` ~abffoiriko bat mittikotar ba fk~l`oit`riko ba f` bfl`riko iora~mioitr~iaffa f` uiffa (BIU& fi~a pqatriko o 02) ta~` dhaua

fa 01 jqiffar /Wkq~ `mfik~a~ fkee~a dkmma~di`fa b`ot fat l~`obtaotamnfat q~n`iot& fr`nfittamaor wqnfidb`mo`lamaor ar ba ~atr~qdrq~`riko bat atw`datdkmma~di`qx (fi~a pqatriko o >7) ta~` btk~m`itr~kiramaor `ttkdi `qx w~kjart ba ~aokquaffamaorq~n`io/

Pqaft tkor fat ra~~irki~atba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa ;F` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa t`wwqia tq~ qoa lkl~`whiabat zkoat biora~uaoriko/ Darra lkl~`whia w~ik~ir`i~a` r battioa `q oiua`q o`riko`f/ F` fki bq02 okuamn~a 0995 ~af`riua f` mita ao qu~abq w`dra ba ~af`oda wkq~ f` uiffa bffoir `ioti r~kitrywat ba zko`la q~n`io ao ekodriko ba faq~ h`obid`w :fat zkoat q~n`ioat taotinfat (ZQT)& fat zkoat ba~abyo`mit`riko q~n`ioa (Z^Q) ar fat zkoat e~`odhatq~n`ioat (ZEQ)/ Dat bitwktiriet ba zko`lat kqu~aorb~kir bat `ibat ar axko~`rikot/

@RRAORIKO

Qoa ~ek~ma ba f` lkl~`whia w~ik~ir`i~a atr w~uqa wkq~>779/ F` mrhkba& ao dkq~t bu`fq`riko& wkq~~`ir r~abieeqta ffo >778/ Affa t`wwqia~` okr`mmaor tq~ qoa rqbamaoa w`~ fIotaa b`ot fa d`b~a bq ~adaotamaor/

@drq fit riko/ F` fki ba ffo`odat wkq~ >778 w~-ukir f`drq fit riko ba f` fitra bat zkoat q~n ioattaotinfat rkqt fat diop ot/ F` w~ami~a ~uitikota~` aeeadrqa ao >779& tafko bat mkb firtao dkq~t bf`nk~`riko& pqi bau~`iaor r~a `ooko-dat `q >a r~imatr~a >778/

4

1

2

5

R~ otwk~rtWkq~ btaodf`ua~fat pq`~ria~t tao-tinfat& fAr`r w~kmarbiouatri~ b`otbat w~kjart bar~`otwk~r ao dkm-mqo : 177 miffikotbaq~kt bau~`iaorr~a w~fauttq~ fat ffo`oda-

maort `eeadrt`q L~aoaffa ba fao-ui~kooamaor/Qo `wwaf w~kjartta~` f`od wkq~fat batta~ratw~ik~ir`i~at/

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Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 U

BA 0 04 BITWKTIRIET AR ZKO@LAT

Pqatr-da pqqoazkoa ba ~abyo`mit`riko

q~n`ioa (Z^Q) ;Fat zkoat ba ~abyo`mit`riko q~n`ioadk~~atwkobaor `qx ZQT pqi tkor dkoe~korat bat bieffdqfrt w`~ridqfi~at& `ww~diatao ekodriko ba faq~ tirq`riko b`ot f`llfk-m~`riko& ba faq~t d`~`dr~itripqat dkokmipqatar dkmma~di`fat ar bqo iobida tyorhripqa /Dar iobida oaxdfqr w`t qoa m`~la b`ww~di`rikopq`fir`riua& m`it if ` r fa d~ir~a w~wkob~`orba dhkix wkq~ 97 ! bat Z^Q/ Fa bd~arbq >5 bdamn~a 0995 ffxa tko mkba ba d`fdqf :

@ =wkwqf riko ba f zkoa dkotib~aN =r`qx ba dhm`laD =w~kwk~riko ba jaqoat ba mkiot ba >1 `ot

b`ot f` wkwqf`riko rkr`faB =w~kwk~riko ba wa~tkooat t`ot biwfma bdf`~A =wkraoriaf fftd`f qrifit wkq~ f` ~w`~ririko

ba f bkr`riko lfkn fa ba ekodrikooamaor

Iobida tyorhripqa =@ x N x D x B

A

Fat Z^Q noffdiaor b`u`or`lat fftd`qx/

Pqatr pqqo DQDT ;Fat dkor~`rt q~n`iot ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (DQDT)&mit ao wf`da w`~ qoa di~dqf`i~a bq >2 m`i >775&~amwf`daor f`odiaooa lo~`riko bat dkor~`rtba uiffa/ Datr fa bkdqmaor b`driko tr~`rlipqa&f`nk~ w`~ fat w`~rao`i~at fkd`qx& pqi bffoirfa w~kjar q~n`io ar tkdi`f/ Tilo w`~ fa w~earar fa m`i~a (kq fa w~tibaor ba fr`nfittamaorwqnfid ba dkkw~`riko iora~dkmmqo`fa)wkq~ qoa w~ikba ba r~kit `ot (>77779)&~aokquaf`nfa `w~t u`fq`riko& da dkor~`r bffoirqo w~kjar ba buafkwwamaor wkq~ fa ra~~irki~a

dkoda~o/ Fat Dqdt dkotrirqaor fa d`b~adkor~`drqaf qoipqa wkq~ f` mita ao qu~abat iora~uaorikot ba fAr`r ao e`uaq~ bat ra~-~irki~at fat wfqt ao bieffdqfr : ift bkiuaor~`ttamnfa~ faotamnfa bat bitwktiriet axitr`ortar ta bdfioa~ ao w~kl~`mmat b`drikotwfq~i`ooqaft/ Bawqit fa w~amia~ r~imatr~a >77 >77 pq`~ria~t&~w`~rit b`ot 941 dkmmqoat/

Pqatr pqqoa zkoa e~`odhaq~n`ioa (ZEQ) ;Fat ZEQ tkor bat pq`~ria~t w~ik~ir`i~at pqi noffdiaor

ba matq~at fftd`fat uit`or f`mfik~`riko ba faq~tirq`riko dkokmipqa/ Fat 22 w~ami~at ZEQ kor rd~at ao 099772/ Wqitfa dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf bat uiffat (DIU) bq 9 m`~t>775 ` aor~io f` d~`riko ba 01 okquaffat zkoate~`odhat q~n`ioat& uad fknjadrie by d~a~ 077 777 am-wfkit bidi >700/ Ao >775& 47 ZEQ ba f` w~ami~alo~`riko& pqi `u`iaor wqit rkqrat faq~t bitwkoini-firt ekodi~at ar immknifi~at& kor uq faq~ w~imr~af`~li/ Aoffo& fa DIU ` l`famaor w~k~kl jqtpq >700fa ~lima bat zkoat e~`odhat q~n`ioat (ZEQ)&ioiri`famaor w~uq jqtpqao >77779/

02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA 02 >1 FAT @DRAQ^T

Pqaft tkor fat l~`obt `xatbq DQDT ;Da dkor~`r bkir t`bktta~ qo bi`loktrid r`nfi

w`~ faotamnfa bat w`~rao`i~at& w~dita~fat knjadriet `rraiob~a `ttk~rit biobid`raq~t&ar bffoi~ fat w~kl~`mmat b`drikot `q ta~uidaba dat knjadriet/ Dat w~kl~`mmat b`drikot tkor ~atta~~t `qrkq~ ba diop knjadriet w~ik~ir`i~at&mit ao `u`or fk~t bq dkmir iora~mioitr~iafbat uiffat (DIU) bq 9 m`~t >775 : f`ddt famwfkiar fa buafkwwamaor dkokmipqa& f` ~qttirabqd`riua& f`mfik~`riko ba fh`nir`r ar bq d`b~aba uia& f` w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda arf` dirkyaooar ar& aoffo& f`ddt `qx tkiot/ Wkq~f` w~ami~a ekit& f` t`or atr `ioti bauaoqaqo wifia~ w`~r aori~a ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa

(fi~a f` pqatriko 22)/

Ba pqi bwaob f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa ;@q taio ba fAr`r& f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa atr `u`orrkqr iora~mioitr~iaffa : affa ~awkta tq~ bat `drikotba rkqt fat mioitr~at& dkk~bkooat w`~ bat tr~qd-rq~at pqi fqi tkor w~kw~at/ Bawqit 0997& f` uiffabitwkta bqo mioitr~a bbi/ @drqaffamaor&qo tad~r`~i`r bAr`r& ao dh`~la ba f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa atr ~`rr`dh `qw~t bq mioitr~a bq Fk-lamaor ar ba f` Uiffa/ Fa mioitr~a ao dh`~la baf` uiffa bitwkta bqoa `bmioitr~`riko& f` bfl`-riko iora~mioitr~iaffa f` uiffa (BIU)& bi~adramaorwf`da tkqt t` rqraffa& pqi w~w`~a ar axdqrafat bditikot bq dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf bat uif-fat/ D~a ao 0988& f` BIU atr dh`~la ba dkoda-uki~& b`oima~ ar bu`fqa~ f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa/Affa bffoir ar tqir fa nqblar ar fat mkyaot mitao qu~a/ Bawqit >775& f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa~awkta tq~ baqx `laodat& wf`dat tkqt f` rqraffa`bmioitr~`riua ba f` BIU pqi ao `ttq~a f` mitaao tyoa~lia : f@laoda o`riko`fa wkq~ f` ~oku`-riko q~n`ioa (@o~q) atr ao dh`~la bq w~kl~`mmaba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa 3 f@laoda o`riko`fa wkq~f` dkhtiko tkdi`fa ar fl`fir bat dh`odat (@dt)tkddqwa bq ukfar buafkwwamaor tkdi`f/

Fa DQDT waqr-if iodfq~ab`qr~at rhm`ripqat ;Kqi/ Fiorl~`riko& f` fqrra dkor~a fat bitd~imio`rikot

ar f`ddkmw`loamaor ba f` jaqoatta tkor bat knjadrietw~it ao dkmwra ba e`ko r~`otua~t`fa/ Bat rhm`ripqattqwwfmaor`i~at waquaor r~a iorl~at `qx dkor~`rtq~n`iot ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa/ Niao pqaffa o`ir w`t rmaorikooa w`~mi fat dh`mwt w~ik~ir`i~at bat DQDT&f` dqfrq~a ~atra qo bkm`ioa b`driko w~iuifliba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa& ar da~r`iot fqt kor tkqh`irfiorl~a~ axwfidiramaor b`ot faq~t dkor~`rt/

Fat DQDT tkor-ift u`fqt ;Kqi/ @q ra~ma bat r~kit w~ami~at `ooat& fat dkor~`rtea~kor fknjar bqoa u`fq`riko w~uqa w`~ fat di~-dqf`i~at bq >2 m`i >775 ar bq 01 tawramn~a >775 pqi wkq~~` `nkqri~ qoa ~k~iaor`riko batw~kl~`mmat b`drikot/ Darra u`fq`riko atr fqoabat w~iodiw`fat okqua`qrt bat DQDT/ Affa wk~ra~`okr`mmaor tq~ fukfqriko bat iobid`raq~t/Fat DQDT bkiuaor iorl~a~ darra w~kddqw`rikobt faq~ wh`ta bf`nk~`riko ar& wkq~ daf`& bkiuaorek~mqfa~ b`ot fat w~kl~`mmat b`drikot wfq~i`ooqaft bat knjadriet ar bat ~tqfr`rt `rraobqt pqi tkiaor

u`fq`nfat /

@RRAORIKO

F` bfl`riko iora~mioitr~iaffa f` uiffa (BIU)` bieeqt f` ua~tiko ffo`fa bq Lqiba bu`fq`rikobat DQDT ao `kr >77

02

BIUB`ot fa d`b~aba f` ~uitikolo~`fa bat wkfi-ripqat wqnfipqat(^LWW)& f` mittikoar fa w~imr~aba f` bfl`rikoiora~mioitr~iaffa f` uiffa (BIU)bau~`iaor r~a ~auqtwkq~ pqa daffa-dita ~adaor~a tq~fa tad~r`~i`r lo-~`f bq dkmiriora~mioitr~iafbat uiffat/

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Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 UII

BA 02 >1 FAT @DRAQ^T

Pqatr-da pqa f@dt ;D~a w`~ f` fki l`fir bat dh`odat ar keff-diaffamaor iotr`ffa fa 09 bdamn~a >775&

f@laoda o`riko`fa wkq~ f` dkhtiko tkdi`faar fl`fir bat dh`odat (@dt) atr qor`nfittamaor wqnfid o`riko`f d`~`dr~a`bmioitr~`rie/ Datr btk~m`it fa lqidhar qoipqa`qpqaf bkiuaor t`b~atta~ fat dkffadriuirt :affa mqrq`fita fat d~birt ba f`odiao ekobtb`driko ar ba tkqriao wkq~ fiorl~`riko ar f` fqrradkor~a fat bitd~imio`rikot (E`tifb) ar daqxba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa `ffkqt `qx DQDT/Kqr~a f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa& f@dt ` ao dh`~lafat `drikot fiat fiorl~`riko& f` fqrradkor~a fat bitd~imio`rikot& `q ta~uida diuifukfkor`i~a& f` fqrra dkor~a fiffarr~itmaar `q ~aoek~damaor ba fl`fir bat dh`odat/

Qo dkor~`r wfq~i`ooqaf bknjadriet ar ba mkyaotatr dkodfq `uad fAr`r wkq~ f` mita ao qu~aba tat mittikot/

Pqatr-da pqafa dkmir iora~mioitr~iafbat uiffat (DIU) ;D~ ao 0998& fa dkmir iora~mioitr~iafbat uiffat (DIU) w~aob fat bditikot ~af`riuat f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa/ If atr w~tib w`~fa W~amia~ mioitr~a kq fa mioitr~a ao dh`~laba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa/ If `~~ra fat k~iao-r`rikot& bffoir fat w~kl~`mmat ar ~w`~rirfat mkyaot/

@RRAORIKOFk~t ba f` w~taor`riko bq wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat&Oidkf`t T`~ckzy ` `ookod pqa fa DIU bauiaob~ &tkqt f qrk~ir bq W~amia~ mioitr~a& fa fiaq ba bditikoar ba tqiui bat ~tqfr`rt knraoqt/ If oa ta~` wfqtqo ek~qm m`it qo fiaq ba r~`u`if k ta~kor ax`miotw`~ fat mioitr~at bat bkttia~t w~dit& pq`~ria~ w`~pq`~ria~ / F` BIU ao `ttq~a~` fa tad~r`~i`r wa~m`oaorwkq~ ao tqiu~a fat r~`u`qx/ ^awk~r baqx ~aw~itat&fa w~kdh`io DIU bau~`ir ta raoi~ ao jqio/ Fat mioitr~atdkoda~ot w~taora~kor qo w~kl~`mma r~iaoo`f b`drikobdfio`or fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat /

Fat mittikot ba f@dtukor-affat ukfqa~ ;Kqi/ F` ~uitiko lo~`fa bat wkfiripqat

wqnfipqat (^LWW) w~ukir ba ~adaor~a~ fat mittikotba f@dt tq~ f` mita ao qu~a ba f` wkfiripqaao e`uaq~ bat pq`~ria~t be`uk~itt/ @ da rir~a& affa~dqw~a~` fat ekodrikot ba latriko `ttq~at w`~f` BIU/ Ao ~au`odha& tat mittikot axa~dat wkq~fa dkmwra bq mioitr~a ba fImmil~`riko ao m`ri~ab`ddqaif bat w~imk-`~~iu`ort ta~kor ~al~kqwat `uaddaffat ba f@laoda o`riko`fa b`ddqaif bat r~`ola~tar bat mil~`ort (@o`am) ao uqa ba d~a~ qo kw~`raq~qoipqa dh`~l ba f` wkfiripqa biorl~`riko/ Fat dhafkot ~liko`qx ba f@dt `ioti ~adkofflq~awkq~~`iaor r~a iorl~t b`ot fat ta~uidat ba fAr`rdh`~lt ba f` dkhtiko tkdi`fa/ Fa tdhm` ao ~tqfr`or

`q oiua`q daor~`f wkq~ f@dt dkmma wkq~ f@o`amea~` fknjar bqoa ~axiko dkmwfmaor`i~a bau`ordkobqi~a ~`riko`fita~ faq~t mkyaot (de/ LWW :bditikot bq Dkotaif ba mkba~oit`riko bat wkfiripqatwqnfipqat bq 2 `u~if >778)/ Qo okqua`q dkor~`rbknjadriet ar ba mkyaot dkoek~ma dat k~iaor`rikotatr ao dkq~t ba w~w`~`riko/

Pqaf atr fa ~fa ba f@laodao`riko`fa wkq~ f` ~oku`rikoq~n`ioa (@o~q) ;F@o~q atr qo r`nfittamaor wqnfid d`~`dr~aiobqtr~iaf ar dkmma~di`f d~ ao >772 wkq~ e`difira~f` mita ao qu~a bq w~kl~`mma o`riko`fba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa/ Affa ~al~kqwa& timwfiffaar `ddf~a& wkq~ fat dkffadriuirt ra~~irk~i`fat arfat n`iffaq~t tkdi`qx& fat w~kdbq~at ba ffo`odamaorbat kw~`rikot ba ~aokquaffamaor q~n`io b`otfat

7/31/2019 La politique de la ville, Courrier des maires, 07/2008

8/16

UIII Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA 02 >1 FAT @DRAQ^T

Pqaf atr fa ~fa bq Dkotaifo`riko`f bat uiffat (DOU) ;D~ w`~ fa bd~ar o 88-0701 bq >8 kdrkn~a 0988&

`qx drt ba f` bfl`riko iora~mioitr~iaffa f` uiffa (BIU) ar bq dkmir iora~mioitr~iafbat uiffat (DIU)& fa Dkotaif o`riko`f batuiffat (DOU) atr qoa iotr`oda ba dkoda~r`rikoar ba w~kwktiriko& w~tiba w`~ fa W~amia~mioitr~a kq fa mioitr~a ao dh`~la ba f` uiffa/T` mittiko atr ba dkotaiffa~ fa lkqua~oamaortq~ ff`nk~`riko ba f` wkfiripqa o`riko`fabat uiffat ar bq buafkwwamaor tkdi`f q~n`io/If mar bat `uit& tq~ t`itioa bq lkqua~oamaorkq ba t` w~kw~a ioiri`riua/ If dkmwra 11 mamn~at&btilot wkq~ qoa bq~a ba 4 `ot ar ~w`~ritao 4 dkfflat : >1 fqt rirqf`i~at ba m`ob`rt

o`riko`qx kq fkd`qx 3 01 ~aw~taor`ortb`ttkdi`rikot& bk~l`oitmat w`~ridiw`or f` mitaao qu~a ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa& ba tyobid`rtbamwfkyaq~t kq ba t`f`~it 3 01 wa~tkoo`firtpq`fiffat (w~keattikooaft ar mifir`ort `ttkdi`riet)/

Pqaf atr fa ~fabq w~ear ;Fa w~ear atr ~atwkot`nfa ba f` mita ao qu~aba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa fdhaffa bq bw`~-ramaor ar mknifita rkqt fat ta~uidat bdkodaor~tdkoda~ot/ If atr fa wifkra ar fa dkk~bkoo`raq~ba f`driko ba fAr`r ao m`ri~a ba dkhtikotkdi`fa& `uad qoa `bmioitr~`riko bbia/Bawqit fa 0a~ j`ouia~ >771& fa w~ear atr fa bflqra~~irk~i`f ba f@o~q b`ot fa bw`~ramaorar iotr~qir da rir~a fat bkttia~t f`nk~t w`~fat dkffadriuirt ra~~irk~i`fat ar faq~t w`~rao`i~at/If atr `qtti fa bflq ba f@dt ar& da rir~a&if `ttq~a f`~ridqf`riko bat iora~uaorikot ba f@dt`uad fat wkfiripqat ba b~kir dkmmqo maoatw`~ fat `bmioitr~`rikot ba fAr`r tq~ fat mmatrhmat/

Pqatr-da pqa fAw`~ad` ;FAr`nfittamaor wqnfid b`mo`lamaor ar ba ~atr~qd-rq~`riko bat atw`dat dkmma~di`qx ar `~rit`o`qx

(Aw`~ad`) ` wkq~ ukd`riko ba ~atr~qdrq~a~ fat wfatdkmma~di`qx tirqt tq~ fat ra~~irki~at ~afau`orba f` lkl~`whia w~ik~ir`i~a ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa/If ` r d~ w`~ f` fki ~af`riua f` mita ao qu~abq w`dra ba ~af`oda wkq~ f` uiffa bq 02 okuamn~a0995 ar tko bd~ar b`wwfid`riko (o 9 e-u~ia~ 099775/ If ffxa fat k~iaor`rikot ba f`wkfiripqa lkqua~oamaor`fa ao m`ri~a ba w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda ar uaiffa faq~ mita ao qu~a/Qo tad~r`~i`r lo~`f (TLDIWB) w~w`~a fat r~`u`qxar bfin~`rikot bq dkmir/ If w~w`~a qo ~`wwk~r`ooqaf `q W`~famaor/ Ao >778& if bkir dkot`d~a~

tko `driko f` mita ao qu~a ba f` fki bq 1 m`~t>77< ~af`riua f` w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda&`q buafkwwamaor ba f` uibktq~uaiff`oda& `q ~ao-ek~damaor bat bitwktiriet ba tqiui iobiuibq`fitbat wqnfidt fat wfqt axwktt f` bfiopq`oda/@ da rir~a& fa TLDIWB t`rr`dha& ao fi`itko `uad f` BIU& w~uaoi~ f`ntaoritma ar fa bd~kdh`la tdkf`i~a /@qr~at mittikot& f`mfik~`riko ba f` wa~dawrikoba f`driko ba f` wkfida ar ba f` laob`~ma~iaar fa ~aoek~damaor bq r~`u`if w`~rao`~i`f `uadfat dkffadriuirt ra~~irk~i`fat& r~`ua~t fat dkotaiftfkd`qx ba tdq~ir ar ba w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda(fi~a pqatriko o 25 ar tqiu`orat)/

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Tkqt-w~eart/ R~aora ar qo tkqt-w~eart dh`~ltba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa kor r okmmt b`otfat bw`~ramaort fat wfqt dkoda~ot w`~ fat bitwk-tiriet/ Ift dkk~bkooaor fat ta~uidat ba fAr`r ar tkorfat iora~fkdqraq~t bat dkffadriuirt fkd`fat/

^h`nifir`riko/ Fa dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf bat uiffatbq 9 m`~t >775 ` `ookod f` mqfriwfid`riko w`~ r~kitbq okmn~a bkw~`rikot ba ~h`nifir`riko w`~ `o/FAw`~ad` wkq~~` btk~m`it ~`fita~ wfqtiaq~t kw~`-rikot w`~ dkmmqoa& d~a~ bat wfat dkmma~di`qxb`ot fat pq`~ria~t ao ZQT pqi ao tkor bwkq~uqt 3ar if bau~` l`famaor `ttq~a~ qoa `ttitr`oda m`r~itabkqu~`la `qw~t bat dkffadriuirt b`ot ff`nk~`rikoba faq~t w~kjart dkmma~da b`ot fa d`b~a bat kw~`-rikot ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa/

7/31/2019 La politique de la ville, Courrier des maires, 07/2008

9/16

Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 IX

BA >5 40 FA EIO@ODAMAOR

Pqi tkor fat w~eartbflqt fl`fir

bat dh`odat ;Tix w~eart bflqt fl`fir bat dh`odatkor r okmmt ao >771 b`ot fat bw`~ramaortfat wfqt dkoda~ot w`~ fat w~knfm`ripqatq~n`ioat (Ok~b& ^hoa& Attkooa& Taioa-T`ior-Baoit& U`f-bKita ar Nkqdhat-bq-^hoa fa wktra r`or u`d`or b`ot da ba~oia~bw`~ramaor)/ Fa bd~ar o >771-05>0bq >> bdamn~a >771 w~ukir pqift `ttitraorfat w~eart ba bw`~ramaor wkq~ rkqrat fat mit-tikot dkodkq~`or f` dkk~bio`rikoar f`wwfid`riko ba f` wkfiripqa bq lkqua~oamaorao m`ri~a ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa& bl`firbat dh`odat ar ba fqrra dkor~a fat bitd~imio`rikot/

@ da rir~a& ift w`~ridiwaor f` mita ao qu~abat `drikot uit`or fiorl~`riko bat wkwqf`rikotimmil~at ~tib`or ao E~`oda/

Pqa tkor fat d~birtba b~kir dkmmqo ;Da tkor fat ffo`odamaort kq fat mkyaotao wa~tkooaf pqi oa ~afuaor w`t bat d~birttwdiffpqat ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffaar w~kuiaooaor ba ffo`odaq~t r~t biua~t/B`ot fa d`b~a bq wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat &fat mioitr~at ~atwkot`nfat ba wkfiripqarkqdh`or f` uia bat h`nir`ort bat pq`~ria~t bkiuaor w~taora~ qo w~kl~`mma tq~ r~kit`ot ba mknifit`riko ba faq~t ta~uidattq~ fat pq`~ria~t pqi tkor u~`imaor ao bieffdqfr /Ao m`i& f` tad~r`i~a bAr`r f` uiffa& E`baf`@m`~`& ` `ookod pqqoa iobamoir ramwk~`i~aba mknifir ba 07 777 aq~kt (wkq~ r~kit `ot)ta~`ir ua~ta tkqt dkobirikot `qx ekodrikoo`i~atbAr`r `ddawr`or ba r~`u`iffa~ b`ot qo pq`~ria~df`tt w~ik~ir`i~a/

Pqaf atr fa ~fa bat bflqtba fAr`r ;Wkq~ ~aoek~da~ faeffd`dir ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa&

bat ekodrikoo`i~at bat ta~uidat bdkodaor~t (BBA&BB@TT& Abqd`riko o`riko`fa& BBJT& w~eadrq~at)&tkor btilot b`ot fat pq`~ria~t dkmma bflqtba fAr`r / Ift tkor dh`~lt ba dkk~bkooa~ fat `drikotbat ta~uidat ar ba ta~ui~ ba ~af`it aor~a fAr`r ar fat bie-e~aort `draq~t fkd`qx/ Fa bitwktirie ` r axw~imaorao 0990 b`ot fa bw`~ramaor bq ^hoa `u`or br~aw~kl~attiuamaor lo~`fit faotamnfa bq ra~~irki~a/

@RRAORIKO

Fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat w~ukir braob~a faq~ iora~uaoriko`qx 417 pq`~ria~t fat wfqt bieffdifat & b`qlmaora~faq~ bdh`~la ba ramwt ba r~`u`if (ift wkq~~kor dkot`d~a~ba 47 077 ! ba faq~ ramwt `q pq`~ria~) ar ba faq~ `ttq~a~

qoa ek~m`riko/ Fat ~ad~qramaort wkq~~kor r~a biua~tifft :ift ta~kor kqua~rt `qx amwfkyt bat D@E& TODE& ^@RW&dh`mn~at dkotqf`i~at/

Pqi tkor fat w`~rao`i~atbq DQDT ;Fat dkor~`rt ttkdiaor& qrkq~ bq nioma Ar`r - m`i~akq w~tibaor ba fiora~dkmmqo`fir& faotamnfabat `draq~t fkd`qx bkor f` mknifit`riko atr attaoriaffa f` ~qttira bat DQDT/ F` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa~awkta `ioti wfqt f`~lamaor tq~ fat dkotaift~liko`qx& dkotaift lo~`qx& n`iffaq~t tkdi`qx&d`ittat b`ffkd`rikot e`mifi`fat& `ttkdi`rikot&tq~ fa mkoba dkokmipqa ar tq~ f` w`~ridiw`rikobat h`nir`ort bat pq`~ria~t dkoda~ot/

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AWDI/ B`ot qoa di~dqf`i~a bq 0a~ eu~ia~ >772 m`i>775& ti affa ukpq`ir fiora~dkmmqo`fir& fqi dkoff`irqo ~fa pqi tamnf`ir wfqt tadkob`i~a kq tqntibi`i~apqa w~iodiw`f& ao bitwkt`or pqa fa DQDT ta~` tilo w`~ fa m`i~a ar+kq fa w~tibaor ba fAWDI /

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10/16

X Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA >5 40 FA EIO@ODAMAOR

Pqaft tkor fat d~birttwdiffpqat ;B`ot fa d`b~a ba f` fki k~l`oipqa ~af`riua `qx fkit

ba ffo`odat& f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa bitwktabqo bkdqmaor ba wkfiripqa r~`otua~t`fa pqi ~adaota faotamnfa bat w~kl~`mmat ar batmkyaot bat `qr~at mioitr~at dkodkq~`or darrawkfiripqa/ Fat mkyaot nqblr`i~at ba f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa fflq~aor `q taio ba f` mittiko uiffaar fklamaor & pqi dkmw~aob baqx w~kl~`mmat~afau`or ba f` BIU : fa w~kl~`mma >7>& ~oku`-riko q~n`ioa & ar fa w~kl~`mma 0277< ~af`riua f` w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda ` d~ (`~r/ 1) qo ekobt iora~mi-oitr~iaf wkq~ f` w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda(EIWB)& mit ao wf`da `q taio ba f@dt/ Fa dkmiriora~mioitr~iaf ba w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda(DIWB) ffxa fat k~iaor`rikot ar dkk~bkooa fqrifit`-riko bat d~birt ba da ekobt/ Fa EIWB ` ukd`riko tkqraoi~ fat `drikot ba w~uaoriko bat DFTWB&DFT ar DQDT ao dkmwfmaor bat d~birt mknifi-tt w`~ fat w`~rao`i~at fkd`qx/ Fat noffdi`i~atbq EIWB tkor fat dkffadriuirt ra~~irk~i`fat& fat

`ttkdi`rikot ar fat k~l`oitmat wqnfidt kq w~iut/Fat ta~uidat ba fAr`r waquaor l`famaor dkobqi~abat `drikot ba w~uaoriko ffo`odat w`~ fa EIWB dkobiriko pqa dafqi-di oiora~uiaooa w`tao tqntrirqriko bat d~birt ba b~kir dkmmqo/

Pqa ffo`oda f` bkr`riko batkfib`~ir q~n`ioa ao >77< ;D~a w`~ f` fki bq 04 m`i 0990& f` bkr`riko

ba tkfib`~ir q~n`ioa atr fqoa bat dkmwkt`oratba f` bkr`riko lfkn`fa ba ekodrikooamaor (BLE)/Datr fqoa bat r~kit bkr`rikot ba w~pq`riko ~ta~uaw`~ fAr`r `qx dkmmqoat ao bieffdqfrt/ Ao w~`ripqa&f` BTQ oatr w`t axdfqtiuamaor ~ta~ua `qxdkmmqoat filinfat `qx d~birt ba f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa& m`it w~aob ao dkmwra fat bieffdqfrtq~n`ioat b`ot faq~ aotamnfa& w`~ fa ni`it bqo iobidatyorhripqa ba dh`~lat ar ba ~attkq~dat/F`~ridfa 041 ba f` fki ba w~kl~`mm`riko wkq~f` dkhtiko tkdi`fa (FWDT) bq 08 j`ouia~ >771` mkbiff fat ~lfat ba ~w`~ririko ba f` BTQ&~an`writa bkr`riko ba tkfib`~ir q~n`ioa ar

ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (BTQDT)& ao ior~kbqit`or baqxdkaeffdiaort mqfriwfid`raq~t& fqo w~kwk~rikooaf f` w`~r ba f` wkwqf`riko ao zkoa q~n`ioataotinfa (ZQT)& f`qr~a w~kwk~rikooaf f` w`~r baf` wkwqf`riko tirqa ao zkoa e~`odha q~n`ioa (ZEQ)/F`~ridfa 041 ba f` fki FWDT ` w~uq ba marr~aao qu~a qo `nkobamaor tqwwfmaor`i~a ba f` BTQba 0>7 M w`~ `o& waob`or 1 `ot (>771 >779)/

Pqi atr filinfa f` BTQDT ;F` BTQDT noffdia `qx dkmmqoat ba wfqtba 07 777 h`nir`ort& m`it l`famaor& bawqit f` fkibq >5 m`~t 0995& qx uiffat ba 1 777 9 999 h`nir`ort/Fat dkmmqoat ba mr~kwkfa ba 07 777 h`nir`ortar wfqt tkor df`ttat tafko qo iobida tyorhripqaba ~attkq~dat ar ba dh`~lat/ If e`ir iora~uaoi~fa wkraoriaf ffo`odia~& f` w~kwk~riko ba fklamaorttkdi`qx& f` w~kwk~riko ba noffdi`i~at bat `ibat`q fklamaor& `ioti pqa fa ~auaoq imwkt`nfa mkyaobat h`nir`ort/ Daf` wa~mar ba ~al~kqwa~ ao pq`r~adf`ttat& w`~ k~b~a bd~kitt`or biobida tyorhripqa&

faotamnfa bat uiffat e~`o`itat/ Tkor filinfat f` BTQDT fat dkmmqoat `ww`~rao`or `qx r~kitw~ami~at df`ttat/ Daffat ~afau`or ba f` pq`r~imadf`tta ao tkor axdfqat/ Fat iobidat tkor d`fdqftdh`pqa `ooa/ Fa w~kdattqt atr fa mma wkq~bra~mioa~ ffilinifir f` BTQDT bqoa dkmmqoaba 1 777 9 999 h`nir`ort/

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BTQDTF`~ridfa F/>442-09bq DLDR ittq baf` fki bq 08 j`ouia~>771 w~dita pqa fa m`i~a bqoadkmmqoa `y`ornoffdi& `q dkq~tba faxa~dida w~d-baor& ba f` BTQDTw~taora `q dkotaifmqoidiw`f& u`or f`ffo bq baqxima r~i-matr~a pqi tqir f`dfrq~a ba dar axa~-dida& qo ~`wwk~r pqi~ar~`da fat `drikotba buafkwwamaortkdi`f q~n`io aor~a-w~itat `q dkq~t badar axa~dida ar fatdkobirikot ba faq~ffo`odamaor /

Dkouaorikot wfq~i`ooqaffat/@drqaffamaor&mkiot ba 07 ! bat `ttkdi`rikot ffo`odat w`~fAr`r& `q rir~a ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa& noffdiaorba dkouaorikot wfq~i`ooqaffat bknjadriet (DWK)/Fknjadrie wkq~ >778 atr ba wk~ra~ da dhiee~a 47 !/Ar bidi r~kit `ot& 87 !/

D~ir~at/ Fat d~ir~at ar fat r`qx ba wkob~`riko~araoqt wkq~ fa d`fdqf bat biee~aorat bkr`rikottkor f` w`~r bq bw`~ramaor b`ot f` bfiopq`odalo~`fa `q wf`o o`riko`f (17 !)& f` w`~r ba f` wk-wqf`riko bq bw`~ramaor ~`wwk~ra f` wkwqf`rikoo`riko`fa (>1 !) ar fa okmn~a ba tat uiffat ba wfqtba 07 777 h`nir`ort (>1 !)/

7/31/2019 La politique de la ville, Courrier des maires, 07/2008

11/16

Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 XI

BA 4> 17 FAT UKFART KW^@RIKOOAFT

Pqaft tkorfat ffo`odamaort

aq~kwaot ;Fat `drikot ao e`uaq~ ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffawaquaor r~a ffo`odat w`~ fat ekobt tr~qdrq~aftaq~kwaot& fa Ekobt tkdi`f aq~kwao (ETA)ar fa Ekobt aq~kwao ba buafkwwamaor ~liko`f(Eaba~)/ Faotamnfa bq ra~~irki~a o`riko`fatr filinfa/ Fqoa bat w~iodiw`fat okqua`qrtba f` w~kl~`mm`riko >77704 atr qoabdkodaor~`riko `dd~qa/ Fat w~eart ba ~liko&pqi kor f` latriko bflqa bat ekobt& waquaoraqx-mmat ao dkoffa~ qoa w`~ria `qx `draq~tfkd`qx pqi ao ekor f` bam`oba (dkotaif lo~`f&~liko`f& `ttkdi`rikot& ard/)& b`ot qo bkm`ioaba dkmwraoda pqi faq~ atr ~adkooq/

Pqatr-da pqqow~kl~`mma ba latrikoq~n`ioa ba w~kximir ;Da w~kl~`mma atr f`nk~ w`~ f` dkmmqoa&fAWDI dkmwraor& fa kq fat n`iffaq~t ar& fa d`tdh`or& fat dkw~kw~irt dkoda~oat& tq~ f` n`tabqo bi`loktrid dkojkior/ If bffoir& wkq~ qoabq~a ba r~kit `ot& fat `drikot dkor~inq`or f` w~kw~ar ar faor~ariao ba fatw`da wqnfid& faofuamaor wfqt ~`wiba bat k~bq~at& bat`drikot ba taotinifit`riko `q r~i bat bdhart&

f` ~w`~`riko ~`wiba bat warirat bl~`b`rikot& faor~ariao bat h`fft baor~a Daf` w`tta w`~qoa mqrq`fit`riko bat mkyaot& qoa dkk~bio`rikobat iora~uaorikot ar qoa ra~~irk~i`fit`riko ba f`d-riko/ Fat knjadriet ba dh`pqa w~kl~`mma tkorffxt ar matq~t w`~ bat aopqrat ba t`rite`driko`qw~t bat h`nir`ort/ Dat `drikot tkor ffo`odat`uad fa dkodkq~t ba f@dt/ Affat kor ukd`riko tiotd~i~a ao dkmwfmaor kq ao fauia~ ba ffo`o-damaort b`qr~at w`~rao`i~at `q oiua`q ra~~irk~i`f/

Pqaft tkor fat knjadrietbq w~kl~`mma o`riko`f

ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa ;Fa WO^Q uita ~adkotr~qi~a ar ~h`nifira~fat pq`~ria~t fat wfqt taotinfat bq ra~~irki~a o`riko`ftq~ f` w~ikba >772->704/ If ` r d~ w`~ f` fkiba w~kl~`mm`riko ar bk~iaor`riko wkq~ f` uiffaar f` ~oku`riko q~n`ioa bq 0a~ `kr >774/ If dkmwk~raqo ukfar fklamaor& pqi w~ukir f` bmkfiriko ar f`w~kbqdriko ba >17 777 fklamaort fkd`riet tkdi`qxar f` ~h`nifir`riko ba 277 777 qr~at 3 qo ukfarpqiwamaor wqnfid& pqi dkmw~aob bat kw~`rikotb`mo`lamaor q~n`io& f` ~apq`fiffd`riko bat atw`datba w~kximir& f` d~`riko& f` ~h`nifir`riko ar f`bmkfiriko bpqiwamaort wqnfidt kq dkffadriet&f` ~k~l`oit`riko bq ekodia~ ar fa buafkwwamaor

ba f`driuir dkokmipqa 3 aoffo qo ukfar ioloia~iaba w~kjar& pqi wa~mar b`iba~ da~r`ioat dkffadriuirt f`nk~a~ ar marr~a ao qu~a faq~ w~kjar aodkoda~r`riko `uad fat h`nir`ort/ If atr mit ao qu~aw`~ f@laoda o`riko`fa ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa(fi~a pqatriko o 0704/

Dkmmaor fa w~kl~`mmao`riko`f ba ~oku`rikoq~n`ioa atr-if ffo`od ;Fa w~kl~`mma o`riko`f ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa (WO^Q)atr ffo`od ao w`~ria w`~ fAr`r/ F` fki ba w~kl~`m-m`riko ar bk~iaor`riko wkq~ f` uiffa ar f` ~oku`rikoq~n`ioa bq 0a~ `kr >774 w~uky`ir ba bkra~fa w~kl~`mma ba >&1 miffi`~bt baq~kt/ F` fkiba w~kl~`mm`riko wkq~ f` dkhtiko tkdi`fabq 08 j`ouia~ >771 ` fau f` w`~ridiw`riko ba fAr`r 2 miffi`~bt baq~kt/ F` fki bq 04 jqiffar >775

wk~r`or aol`lamaor o`riko`f wkq~ fa fklamaorar f` fki iotrirq`or fa b~kir `q fklamaor kwwk-t`nfa (B`fk) bq < m`~t >77< kor wk~r faol`lamaorba fAr`r 5 miffi`~bt baq~kt/ @ daf` t`jkqraorfat dkor~inqrikot ba fQoiko bdkokmia tkdi`fawkq~ fa fklamaor (QATF) wkq~ qo mkor`or `q mkiotl`f daffat ba fAr`r& bat k~l`oitmat HFM arba f` D`itta bat bwrt ar dkotilo`rikot (DBD)/@q rkr`f& wkq~ f` w~ikba >772->704& f@o~q bitwktabqoa d`w`dir ba tqnuaoriko ba 0>&7> miffi`~btbaq~kt/

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H`nir`ortF@O^Q ~adkm-m`oba qoadkoda~r`riko r~kira`uad fat h`nir`ort&r`or tq~ fa bi`lokt-rid w~`f`nfa pqatq~ ff`nk~`rikobq w~kjar ba ~ok-u`riko q~n`ioa arfu`fq`riko ba tkoimw`dr/ Fa ~afkla-maor bat h`nir`ort

e`ir w`~ria bq ukfartkdi`f bq w~kjar/Fat n`iffaq~ttkdi`qx ar fat dkf-fadriuirt bkiuaorbffoi~ qoa tr~`r-lia ar dkotr~qi~aaotamnfa fkw~`-riko ba ~afklamaor/F@O^Q waqr ffo`o-da~ bat `drikottwdiffpqat (`wwqimrhkbkfklipqa&`drikot bioek~m`-riko& ~`fit`rikobaopqrat fkd`fatba t`rite`driko`qw~t batmo`lat ~afklt)/

Iora~fkdqraq~t / F` daffqfa ETA ba f` bi~adriko~liko`fa bq r~`u`if& ba famwfki ar ba f` ek~m`rikow~keattikooaffa (B^RAEW) 3 f` daffqfa Aq~kwa ba f`w~eadrq~a ba ~liko ar fa tad~r`i~a lo~`f `qx`ee`i~at ~liko`fat (TL@^)/

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XII Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA 4> 17 FAT UKFART KW^@RIKOOAFT

Pqa tkor fat df`qtatbiota~riko b`ot fat w~kjart

ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa ;@ffo ba e`uk~ita~ fiota~riko bat wqnfidt ao bieff-dqfr& f@o~q bam`oba `qx wk~raq~t ba w~kjartar m`r~at bkqu~`la tilo`r`i~at bat dkouaorikotwfq~i`ooqaffat ba ~oku`riko q~n`ioa ba ~atwad-ra~ fat bitwktirikot ba f` dh`~ra o`riko`fabiota~riko/ Daffa-di w~ukir qoa knfil`rikoba dkot`d~a~ 1 ! bat haq~at r~`u`iffat fiota~-riko bat wkwqf`rikot bat pq`~ria~t dkoda~otw`~ f` ~oku`riko q~n`ioa/ Affa f`itta rkqra f`ri-rqba `q oiua`q fkd`f tq~ fat mkb`firt ba mitaao qu~a/ If atr dkotaiff bqrifita~ fat wkttinifirtkeea~rat w`~ fat ~lfat ba f` dkmm`oba wqnfipqa/Fa wk~raq~ bq w~kjar taol`la r`nfi~& `uad

fa w~ear ar fat w`~rao`i~at fkd`qx& qo wf`o fkd`fb`wwfid`riko ba f` dh`~ra/ Qo bitwktirie ba wifk-r`la ar ba tqiui bat knjadriet biota~riko& tkqtfliba bq wk~raq~ ba w~kjar ar bq w~ear& ~`t-tamnfa fat m`r~at bkqu~`la& fat tr~qdrq~atbiota~riko imwfipqat& fa ta~uida wqnfid bafamwfki (TWA) ar fat ~aw~taor`ort bq nrimaor/

Pqi wifkra fa dkor~`rb`qrkokmia ;@q oiua`q o`riko`f& f` bfl`riko lo~`fa famwfki ar f` ek~m`riko w~keattiko-oaffa (BLAEW) uaiffa f` mknifit`rikobat w`~rao`i~at o`riko`qx bat wkfiripqatba famwfki/ Affa waqr r~a dkor`dra ao d`tba bieffdqfrt b`ot f` mita ao qu~a bq dkor~`rb`qrkokmia& pqi bwaob bqo dkmirba wifkr`la& w~tib w`~ fa w~ear& ~qoi `qmkiot qoa ekit w`~ mkit/ Da dkmir ta dkmwktabq rirqf`i~a bq m`~dh& bat ~aw~taor`ortbat mittikot fkd`fat& ba f@OWA& ba f` w~ead-rq~a& bat dkffadriuirt kq AWDI ar bat r nfit-tamaort wqnfidt dkoda~ot (DD@T ao w`~ridqfia~)/If `wwk~ra tko `iba `q w~atr`r`i~a ar e`difirafa ~aw~`la bq wqnfid `ioti pqa fa w`~r`labioek~m`rikot/

Pqa tkor fat l~kqwattkfib`~ir amwfki ;Fat l~kqwat tkfib`~ir amwfki& dkotrirqt tkqt f`qrk-

~ir bq w~ear& tkor dh`~lt ba mknifita~ ao bi~adrikobat zkoat q~n`ioat taotinfat rkqt fat kqrift ba f` wkfi-ripqa ba famwfki buafkwwt w`~ fa wf`o ba dkhtikotkdi`fa& ar ba e`kooa~ fat iotr~qmaort ar fat `b`wr`-rikot wa~marr`or ba ~wkob~a `qx twdiffdirtbat pq`~ria~t/ Da wifkr`la tr~`rlipqa ` r iotr`q~w`~ f` di~dqf`i~a BIU-BLAEW bq 04 okuamn~a >775/Dh`pqa l~kqwa tkfib`~ir amwfki atr dh`~l br`nfi~&tq~ f` n`ta bqo bi`loktrid& qo wf`o ba ~bqdrikoba fd`~r bq r`qx ba dhm`la ar bq okmn~a ba dh-maq~t ao ZQT dkmw`~ dafqi bq oiua`q ra~~irk~i`ffa wfqt wa~rioaor& dkmmqoa kq `llfkm~`riko/Wkq~ marr~a ao wf`da dat l~kqwat tkfib`~ir amwfki&

f@laoda o`riko`fa wkq~ f` dkhtiko tkdi`fa ar fl`firbat dh`odat (@dt) bkir w~kbqi~a bat kqrift mrhk-bkfklipqat& bieeqta~ fat nkooat w~`ripqat ar mknifita~rkqt fat oiua`qx biora~uaoriko ba f`laoda arba tat w`~rao`i~at tq~ da ukfar w~ik~ir`i~a bat dkor~`rtq~n`iot ba dkhtiko tkdi`fa/

Pqatr-da pqa fa dkor~`rb`qrkokmia ;Fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat w~kwkta baxw~imaora~bq~`or r~kit ot qo dkor~`r b`qrkokmia pqi bau~`irdkoda~oa~ aoui~ko 21 777 jaqoat ao ~adha~dha bam-wfki (05 >1 `ot ~ukfqt& uki~a 47 `ot tafko fattirq`rikot)& bkmidifit b`ot qoa zkoa dkqua~raw`~ qo Dqdt ar ~aodkor~`or bat bieffdqfrt b`ddt famwfki& pqift tkiaor kq oko iotd~irt dkmmabam`obaq~t bamwfki/ Qoa di~dqf`i~a bq >2 `u~if>778 w~dita fat r`wat ba f` mita ao qu~a bada dkor~`r aor~`or ao uilqaq~ ao jqio >778/ If bkir ra~ma wa~marr~a f`qrkokmia bat noffdi`i~at l~da fqo bat bnkqdht tqiu`ort : wf`damaor aeeadrieb`ot famwfki 3 d~`riko baor~aw~ita 3 ddt qoa ek~-m`riko pq`fiff`ora wkq~ fat jaqoat tk~rit bq tytrmatdkf`i~a t`ot pq`fiffd`riko/ Fa w~atr`r`i~a ua~ta l`fa-maor qoa nkq~ta ba 477 aq~kt w`~ mkit waob`or5 mkit m`ximqm/

@RRAORIKO

F` tad~r`i~a bAr`r f` Uiffa& E`baf` @m`~ & ` `ookod&fa >8 `u~if >778& pqa fa dkor~`r b`qrkokmia ta~`irbkr bqoa aouafkwwa ba >17 miffikot baq~kt tq~ r~kit`ot/ W`~`fffamaor& qo tkqriao ta~` `wwk~r `qx d~`raq~tbaor~aw~ita `uad fknjadrie ba >7 777 d~`rikot b`ot fat

pq`~ria~t w~ik~ir`i~at/

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Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 XIII

BA 4> 17 FAT UKFART KW^@RIKOOAFT

Pqaf atr fa ~fa bat dkfatba f` baqxima dh`oda ;Fat dkfat ba f` baqxima dh`oda (A>D)

t`b~attaor `qx wa~tkooat ba 08 >5 `ot(47 `ot b`ot da~r`iot r`nfittamaort)& tk~riatbq tytrma tdkf`i~a t`ot biwfma oi pq`fiffd`riko&ar faq~ w~kwktaor bat w`~dkq~t biota~riko/Affat `ddkmw`loaor fa w~kjar wa~tkooafar w~keattikooaf bq tr`li`i~a da pqi imwfipqaba w~aob~a ao dkmwra fat w~knfm`ripqattkdi`fat/ Fat A>D tkor bat `ttkdi`rikot ekobattkir w`~ fat dkffadriuirt& tkir w`~ fat dh`mn~atba dkmma~da ar biobqtr~ia (DDI)/ Faq~ ffo`o-damaor atr `ttq~ attaoriaffamaor w`~ fat ~likotar w`~ fAq~kwa& r~`ua~t fa Ekobt tkdi`faq~kwao (ETA)/ Fa r~`u`if bat A>D imwfipqa

f` mita ao wf`da ba w`~rao`~i`rt `uad fat tr~qd-rq~at dkmma f@OWA& fat mittikot fkd`fat& fatwf`ot fkd`qx wkq~ fiota~riko ar famwfki (WFIA)/

@RRAORIKO

Fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat w~ukir ba e`i~a w`tta~fat aeeadriet ba dat dkfat (aoui~ko 2 777 jaqoat`qjkq~bhqi) 01 777 kq >7 777 bidi >70>& `uad qoadkfa w`~ ~liko ar qo tira w`~ bw`~ramaor/

Pqatr pqa fa nqtiol ;Fiotr~qdriko iora~mioitr~iaffa bq >0 m`i >778aod`b~a faxw~imaor`riko ba f` mixir tdkf`i~a&bira nqtiol& `q taio bat dkmmqoat ukfkor`i~at&wkq~ y dkor~inqa~ fl`fir bat dh`odat /Fa bitwktirie dkotitra bwf`da~ bat df`ttatba dkq~t mkyao b`ot bat dkmmqoat k atrknta~ua qoa `ntaoda ba mixir tkdi`fa b`otqoa kq wfqtiaq~t ba faq~t dkfat / Faxw~imao-r`riko ta~` mita ao qu~a tq~ r~kit `ot w`~ri~ba f` ~aor~a >778/ Affa dkoda~oa~` qoadiopq`or`ioa bdkfat tirqat tq~ bat ra~~irki~at

ba f` wkfiripqa ba f` uiffa& `q oiua`q bat DM0 ar+kq DM>/ F` fitra bat tirat ~araoqt bau`ir r~a`~~ra fa 05 jqio/ Fa lkqua~oamaor w~ditapqa darra axw~imaor`riko oa waqr dkobqi~a qoa kw~`riko ba d`~ra tdkf`i~a b`ot `qdqoabat dkfat dkoda~oat / Fat dkrt lo~t w`~faxw~imaor`riko ta~kor dkffo`odt w`~ fAr`rar fat dkffadriuirt/ Qoa w~ami~a u`fq`riko ta~`maoa ao jqio >779 (hrrw:++i/uiffa/lkqu/e~+biunin+bkd+Di~d[Nqtiol/wbe)/

Pqaf atr fa ukfar bqd`riebat DQDT ;Qoa di~dqf`i~a bq 00 bdamn~a >775 bffoir ar w~dita

f` mita ao qu~a bq ukfar bqd`rie bat Dqdt/ Fa okq-ua`q dkor~`r bkir marr~a ao dkh~aoda fat wkfiripqatbqd`riuat axitr`orat dkmma fa dkor~`r bqd`riefkd`f (DAF)& fdkfa kqua~ra& fa dkor~`r fkd`f b`ddkm-w`loamaor f` tdkf`~ir (DF@T)& fa w~kl~`mma uiffa&uia& u`d`odat (UUU)& fa w~kl~`mma ba ~qttira bqd`-riua (W^A)/ Da ba~oia~ atr batrio f` w~ita ao dh`~la&hk~t ramwt tdkf`i~a& bat jaqoat w~taor`or bat bieff-dqfrt tkdi`fat kq tdkf`i~at/

@RRAORIKO

Qoa iotr~qdriko bq 08 m`~t >778 ~`wwaffa pqa fat w~eartbkiuaor w`~ridiwa~ `driuamaor `qx w~kjart fkd`qx ao~`eff~m`or fat w~ik~irt ba fAr`r& okr`mmaor ao e`uaq~

bat `ttkdi`rikot buafkww`or bat `driuirt w~itdkf`i~atb`ddkmw`loamaor bqd`rie& f`rraoriko bat 00-01 `ot (hrrw:++i/uiffa/lkqu/e~+biunin+bkd+Di~dJTm`~t>778/wbe)/

Pqaffat tkor fat w~iodiw`fatmatq~at ao e`uaq~ba f` ~qttira bqd`riua ;F`ddkmw`loamaor bqd`rie ta~` lo~`fit 1 477 dkfat w~im`i~at ba fbqd`riko w~ik~ir`i~a& ~`itko ba baqx haq~at pqkribiaooat& pq`r~a jkq~tw`~ tam`ioa& bt kdrkn~a >778/Fa lkqua~oamaor tkqh`ira w~kwkta~ `q wfqt uira0 277 wf`dat tqwwfmaor`i~at bt f` ~aor~a w~k-dh`ioa b`ot fat iora~o`rt ba ~qttira bqd`riua wkq~bat dkffliaot ar fydaot ba fbqd`riko w~ik~ir`i~a /

Fknjadrie atr b`~~iua~ 2 777 wf`dat f`naffitat iora~-o`r baxdaffaoda b`ot 1 ot/ FAr`r ffo`oda~` darramkora ao dh`~la& ~`itko ba > 777 aq~kt w`~ wf`da/Qoa okra bq >4 m`i >778 bat mioitr~at ba fAbqd`-riko o`riko`fa ar ba f` Uiffa br`iffa fa bitwktirieba dat iora~o`rt/ R~aora wfat baxdaffaoda ta~korkqua~rt f` ~aor~a >778 b`ot 47 fydat bat pq`~ria~tbieffdifat/ Dh`dqo ba dat fydat w~kwkta~` qoa fffi~abaxdaffaoda : tadriko iora~o`riko`fa& fffi~a baxdaf-faoda `~ritripqa ar dqfrq~affa& kq aotailoamaorw~keattikooaf baxdaffaoda b`ot fa d`b~a bqoa f`naf-fit`riko fyda bat mria~t /

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^qttirabqd`riua

F`~ridfa 020 baf` fki ba ffo`odatwkq~ >778 w~ukirpqa fa lkqua~oa-maor r~`otmarra`q W`~famaor& `u`orfa >< jqio >778&qo ~`wwk~r tq~fa nif`o ba f` mitaao qu~a bq bitwk-tirie ba ~qttirabqd`riua ar t`wkq~tqira `q-bafbq 40 bdamn~a>779/

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XIU Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778

BA 4> 17 FAT UKFART KW^@RIKOOAFT

Pqatr-da pqa fa bitwktirieuiffa uia u`d`odat (UUU) ;Da bitwktirie& dkoq `q bnqr bat `ooat pq`r~a-

uiolr& wa~mar `qx jaqoat fat wfqt ao bieffdqfrba noffdia~ bqo `ddt `qx `driuirt dqfrq~affat&twk~riuat ar ba fkiti~t bq~`or faq~ ramwtba u`d`odat tdkf`i~at/ Fa w~kl~`mma uiffa uiau`d`odat (UUU) ` w~kl~attiuamaor ukfq ua~tf` mita ao qu~a ba w~kjart ukd`riko bqd`riuaar w~uaoriua/ Araobq& bawqit >777& faotamnfabat bw`~ramaort& UUU mknifita rkqra f`ooafaotamnfa bat w`~rao`i~at tq~ f` n`ta ba w~kjartar b`driuirt bqd`riuat/ Darra `driko dkor~inqal`famaor `qx wkfiripqat biota~riko tkdi`fabat jaqoat ar f` w~uaoriko bat axdfqtikot/

Pqaft tkor fat knjadrietw~ik~ir`i~atao m`ri~a ba w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda ;F` di~dqf`i~a bq >0 eu~ia~ >778 ~af`riua`qx k~iaor`rikot bq ekobt iora~mioitr~iafba w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda (EIWB)wkq~ >778 iobipqa pqa fat k~iaor`rikotbq ekobt tkor okr`mmaor f` uibkw~kradriko m`it `qtti fat `drikot raob`or w~uaoi~fat uikfaodat iora~e`mifi`fat& fat uikfaodate`irat `qx eammat kq aodk~a f` bfiopq`odabat mioaq~t& tkqraoi~ fat `drikotba mbi`riko& fat `drikot uit`or e`uk~ita~f` w~taoda biora~uao`ort tkdi`qx b`otfat dkmmitt`~i`rt ar n~il`bat ba laob`~ma~iakq buafkwwa~ fat wktrat ba dkk~bkoo`raq~tbat dkor~`rt fkd`qx ba tdq~ir/

Pqatr da pqqo `rafia~t`or uiffa (@TU) ;F` bm`~dha& ioiria w`~ fa dkmir iora~mioitr~iaf

bat uiffat bq 02 bdamn~a 0999& dkotitra ~`ww~kdha~fat `draq~t ba f` t`or ar daqx ba f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa `q oiua`q ~liko`f& bw`~ramaor`f ar fkd`f/Fa ~fa bat `rafia~t t`or uiffa ` r w~dit w`~f` di~dqf`i~a bq 2 tawramn~a >775/ Fat @TU bua-fkwwaor bat w~kl~`mmat dkffadriet ba t`or wqnfipqa/Knjadriet : ibaoriffa~ `q oiua`q fkd`f fat natkiottwdiffpqat bat wqnfidt ao tirq`riko ba uqfo~`nifirar fat bra~mio`ort ba fr`r ba t`or fit `qxdkobirikot ba uia 3 dkk~bkooa~ fat biee~aort `draq~tao ~aoek~`or fat ~ta`qx mbidk-tkdi`qx ba w~kxi-mir 3 ~aob~a aeeadrie f`ddt `qx ta~uidat t`oir`i~atar tkdi`qx ba b~kir dkmmqo 3 e`uk~ita~ f` w`~ridi-

w`riko `driua ba f` wkwqf`riko rkqrat fat wh`tatbat w~kl~`mmat& `ioti pqa f` dkoda~r`riko `uadfat w~keattikooaft ar fat iotrirqrikot iora~uao`ortb`ot da bkm`ioa/ Fat d~birt tkor `rr~inqt `qx @TU`q r~`ua~t bat l~kqwamaort ~liko`qx ba t`orwqnfipqa (L^TW)/

Pqi wifkra fat @TU ;Bawqit j`ouia~ >77778& Nk~ba`qx& qo tmio`i~a tq~ fat @TU `ffo br`nfi~`uad fat fqt fkd`qx ar faq~t w`~rao`i~at qo nif`obq bitwktirie/

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Fa Dkq~~ia~ bat m`i~at O >02->01Jqio-Jqiffar >778 XU

BA 4> 17 FAT UKFART KW^@RIKOOAFT

Pqa tkor fat qoirtra~~irk~i`fat ba pq`~ria~ ;Fa wf`o atwki~ n`ofiaqat ` w~uq fa bwfkiamaor

ba 2 777 wkfidia~t bidi r~kit `ot b`ot fatpq`~ria~t/ Dat wkfidia~t ta~kor `eeadrt& w`~bat ~abwfkiamaort ba wktrat axitr`ort& b`ot>77 qoirt ra~~irk~i`fat ba pq`~ria~ (QRAP)ar b`ot bat dkmw`loiat ba tdq~it`rikotwdi`fitat dkor~a fat uikfaodat q~n`ioat(f` w~ami~a ta~` d~a bidi jqio >778 ao Taioa-T`ior-Baoit)/ Ao `u~if >778& fat diopq`orawkfidia~t bat w~ami~at QRAP kor r iotr`fftb`ot bat pq`~ria~t ba f` Dkq~oaqua& ba T`ior-Baoit ar ba Dfidhy-Mkorea~maif/

Pqaffat tkor fat `ibatwkq~ amn`qdha~bat `bqfrat-~af`it ;Bawqit fa 0a~ j`ouia~ >77778/Ao >77778& ba ~aoek~da~ faq~ w~keattiko-o`fitma ar ba w~aooita~ faq~ amwfki/Fat amwfkyaq~t wqnfidt (dkffadriuirt ra~~irk~i`fatar r`nfittamaort wqnfidt)& faxdawriko batr`nfittamaort wqnfidt d`~`dr~a iobqtr~iafar dkmma~di`f& `y`or tilo qoa dkouaoriko `uadfa w~ear ao `wwfid`riko ba f`~ridfa F/0>-07-0bq Dkba bq r~`u`if& oa waquaor ~ad~qra~ bat`bqfrat-~af`it pqa b`ot fa d`b~a bqo dkor~`rba r~`u`if bq~a bra~mioa (DBB) ba r~kit `otm`ximqm& ~aokquaf`nfa qoa ekit/

Pqaf atr fa ~fa bq DFTWBar bq dkor~`r

fkd`f ba tdq~ir (DFT) ;Tilo w`~ fa w~ear& fa w~kdq~aq~ ba f` ^wqnfipqa&fa m`i~a& fa w~tibaor bq dkotaif lo~`f ar fiot-wadraq~ b`d`bmia& fa dkotaif fkd`f ba tdq~irar ba w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda (DFTWB) k~l`oitafa w`~rao`~i`r fkd`f ao m`ri~a ba w~uaorikoba f` bfiopq`oda ar fa r~`otd~ir& tq~ f` n`ta bqobi`loktrid fkd`f ba tdq~ir& b`ot qo wf`o b`driko&fa dkor~`r fkd`f ba tdq~ir (DFT)& pqi atr fkqrifkw~`rikooaf/

@RRAORIKO

Fa DFTWB dkotrirqa qoa iotr`oda ba dkoda~r`rikofkd`fa wkq~ fqrra~ dkor~a fiotdq~ir/ T` d~`riko

` r ~aobqa knfil`rki~a b`ot fat dkmmqoat kq AWDIba wfqt ba 07 777 h`nir`ort ar daffat dkmw~ao`orqoa zkoa q~n`ioa taotinfa (ZQT) w`~ f` fki bq 1 m`~t>77< ~af`riua f` w~uaoriko ba f` bfiopq`oda/ D~w`~ qo bd~ar bq 0< jqiffar >77>& fa DFTWB ` uq tkoekodrikooamaor `ffl w`~ fa bd~ar bq >1 jqiffar >77775 ` ~aoek~d da w~kl~`mma w`~ fa bkqnfamaorbat wktrat bt >775/ Wkq~ `ttq~a~ dat ekodrikotba mbi`riko& fat `ttkdi`rikot& fat dkffadriuirtra~~irk~i`fat& fat n`iffaq~t tkdi`qx& fat dkfat kqfat tkdirt ba r~`otwk~r waquaor ~ad~qra~ ao dkor~`rt`ibt bat h`nir`ort bat ZQT kq& rir~a b~kl`rki~a&bqo `qr~a ra~~irki~a w~ik~ir`i~a ba f` wkfiripqaba f` uiffa ibaoriff b`ot fat dkor~`rt q~n`iotba dkhtiko tkdi`fa (DQDT) & lt ba wfqt ba 47 `ot/

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dkmwfra~ ar ~aoukya~ `q Dkq~~ia~ bat M`i~at ar bat Afqt Fkd`qx`ta 4> 0< ~qa bQzt

KQI&ja m`nkooa 0 `o `q Dkq~~ia~bat m`i~at ar bat fqt fkd`qx

Ja dhkitit f`nkooamaor rir~a w~keattikooaf(tkqtd~irw`~ m` dkffadriuir kq aor~aw~ita) `q r`~ie ba 00> g`q fiaq ba 024 g (w~ix ba uaora ok~m`f)& tkir wfqt ba>7! ba ~amita/

Ja dhkitit f`nkooamaor rir~a wa~tkooaf (tkqtd~ir ar~lf w`~ mki-mma) `q r`~ie ba +>778/ Ar~`ola~ ar BKM+RKM& okqt dkotqfra~/

ek~mmaor f` flitf`riko ao uilqaq~ ukqt bitwktaz bqo b~kir b`ddt ar ba ~adriffd`riko wkq~ fat

Ja ~lfa w`~ :m`ob`r `bmioitr~`rie ~dawriko ba e`drq~adhpqa n`od`i~a kq wktr`f fk~b~a bq Dkq~~ia~ bat M`i~at ar bat Afqt Fkd`qxD`~ra n`od`i~a o

B`ra baxwi~`riko :D~ywrkl~`mma Aoukyaz-mki qoa e`drq~a jqtriffd`riua/

Tilo`rq~a kq d`dhar knfil`rki~amkit `ooa (iotd~iuaz fat 4 ba~oia~t dhiee~at bq oqm~k

fflq~`or `q bkt ba ukr~a d`~ra tq~ f` n`obaba tilo`rq~a)

Mma Mfa M/Okm W~okmr`nfittamaor+DkffadriuirTa~~uida+Ekodriko@b~atta

Dkba wktr`f UiffaRf/

F`nkooamaor dkmw~aob 00 oqm~kt bq Dkq~~ia~& f`Oa|tfarra~ hanbkm`b`i~a*& f`ddt iffimir ar wa~m`oa rkqt fat ta~uidat bq tira |||/dkq~~ia~batm`i~at/e~

W^

NQFFARIO B@NKOOAMAOR

FA DKQ^^IA^ BAT M@I^AT

UKQT @DDKMW@LOA@Q ^YRHMA BA UKR^A M@OB@R

@NKOOAZ

UKQT

w`~ri~ ba