est prsentation 2

8/9/2019 est prsentation 2

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wondergirl The effect drug of human body.


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N or azeyati porisin Erma sekilah junik

N ur syafinah Jamirin Cristina peter

Christerina samuin


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What is drug??D rugs are substances that alter the body'sactions and natural chemical environment.

They include medications and narcotics.They are often taken by sports people togain an unfair advantage over competitors.

D rugs taken to prevent or cure a disease, or to alleviate a body disorder are referred to asmedicines


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Factors Affecting Absorption/Metabolism

kids and teens try drugs to fit in with agroup of friends.Phy sical FactorsEmotional Factors

Drug-Related Factors


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EliminationDrugs are eliminated from the body primarilythrough the liver. The liver and kidneys act as

a body's filter to filter out and excrete drugsfrom the body. The liver metabolizes ninetypercent of alcohol in the body, while tenpercent is excreted through the lungs andsweat. Also, the liver metabolizes drugs in afairly consistent manner.


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Can I Tell If Someone Is Using

Drugs? I f someone is using drugs, you might notice changes inhow the person looks or acts. But it's important toremember that depression or another problem could be

causing these changes. A person using drugs may:-

lose interest in schoolchange friends (to hang out with kids who use drugs)become moody, negative, cranky, or worried all the

timeask to be left alone a lot


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have trouble concentratingsleep a lot (maybe even in class)get in fightshave red or puffy eyeslose or gain weight

cough a lothave a runny nose all of the time


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SPECI F IC E FF ECTS ON THE CE N T RAL N E RVOU S

SYSTEM

Drugs affect the various areas of the brain and changenormal brain activity. It is important to know what specificfunctions are located in each of the major brain areas, tobetter understand the effects of drugs and alcohol onbehavior and function.H y pot h alamus

MedullaCerebral Cortex

Cerebellum


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H y pot h alamus

The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis,the body's system for keeping itself balanced.

This includes: sleep and wake cycles,hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, bloodpressure, and temperature. Also, the hypothalamus determines whatparts of the body are affected by analgesicsand regulates hormonal impulses andemotions.


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MedullaThe medulla is responsible for headbalance, movement, and assisting thehypothalamus in regulating automaticbody functions.


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Cerebral Cortex The cerebral cortex contains half of thenervous system's cells, which regulatesthe speed and vomiting reflexes.It is also responsible for language,

abstract thinking, personality, and

interpretation of emotion and sensoryinformation, including judgment


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CerebellumThe cerebellum is responsible for coordination of muscles, maintenanceof balance, and specific memory andlearning system functions that are not toone part of the brain.


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Why do peo ple tak e drugs?To feel goodTo feel betterTo do better.Curiosity and"because others aredoing it."


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If taking drugs makes people feel good or

better, what's the problem?

At first, people may perceive what seem to be positiveeffects with drug use. They also may believe that theycan control their use;

however, drugs can quickly take over their lives.Consider how a social drinker can become intoxicated,put himself behind a wheel and quickly turn apleasurable activity into a tragedy for him and others.Over time, if drug use continues, pleasurable activitiesbecome less pleasurable, and drug abuse becomes

necessary for abusers to simply feel "normal.Some individuals may start to feel the need to takehigher or more frequent doses, even in the early stagesof their drug use.


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W hat Can I Do to Help?

I f you think someone is using drugs, the bestthing to do is to tell an adult that you trust.

This could be a parent, other relative, teacher,coach, or school counselor. The person mightneed professional help to stop using drugs. Agrown-up can help the person find thetreatment he or she needs to stop usingdrugs. Another way kids can help kids is bychoosing not to try or use drugs. I t's a goodway for friends to stick together.


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DRUG CATE

GORI ES Marijuana

Cocaine

Sedative H y pnotics (Barbiturates,Benzodiazepines)O piates (Morphine, Heroin, Codeine,

Opium)Amp h etaminesP ol y- drug U se


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MarijuanaO ne joint affects the body for a period of two to four hours.Short-term Effects :-

Increases in heart rate, body temperature, andappetite.Drowsiness.

Dryness of the mouth and throat. Reddening of the eyes and reduction in ocular pressure


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L ong-term Effects Can cause the following medical conditions:respiratory problems, lung damage, and cancer.

Memory and concentration impairments. P ossible motivational syndrome


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CocaineC ocaine enters the body in one of three ways: injection, smoking, or snorting.Its effects can last anywhere from 20minutes to several hours, depending

on the content, purity, administration,and dosage of the drug.


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Short-term Effects May cause extreme anxiety and restlessness.

May experience the following medical conditions:twitches, tremors, spasms, coordination problems,chest pain, nausea, seizures, respiratory arrest,and cardiac arrest

L ong-term Effects May cause extreme alertness, watchfulness,impaired judgment, impulsiveness, andcompulsively repeated acts.

May cause stuffiness, runny nose, tissuedeterioration inside the nose, and perforation of thenasal septum


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Sedative H y pnotics

(Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines)Sedative Hypnotics are absorbed through ingestion.

Their effect can last anywhere from two to ten

hours.Short-term Effects

Short-term effects can occur with low to moderate use. May experience moderate relief of anxiety and a sense of

well-being.. There may be temporary memory impairment, confusion,and impaired thinking.

A person could be in a stupor, and have altered perceptionand slurred speech


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L ong-term Effects May include over-sedation, decreased motivation,

apathy, and lack of interest in surroundings. A person may experience headaches, dizziness,sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and tremors.There may be an increase in appetite and

impairment of thinking, memory, and judgment.


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O piates ( M orphine, H eroin, C odeine,

Opiu )Short-term Effects;-

Include drowsiness, dizziness, mental confusion, constriction of pupils, and euphoria.

Some opiate drugs, such as C odeine, Demerol, and Darvon,also have stimulating effects.Stimulating effects include: central nervous system excitation,increased blood, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate,tremors, and seizures

L ong-term Effect:- May include impaired vision, pulmonary complications,and menstrual irregularity.

A person may experience nightmares, hallucinations,and mood swings


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Amp h etaminesShort-term Effects:-

a. A person may experience a loss of appetite, increasedalertness, and a feeling of well-being.

A person's physical condition may be altered by anincrease in breathing and heart rate, elevation in bloodpressure, and dilation of pupils

L ong-term Effects Anxiety and agitation.Sleeplessness.Higher blood pressure and irregular heart beat.Increased susceptibility to disease


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P ol y- drug U

se Additive Effects:- Additive effects occur when drug combinations produce aneffect that is like simple addition, such as the equation: 1 + 1= 2.

Synergistic Effects:-Synergistic effects occur when drug combinations produce aneffect that is greater than the sum of the effects of the twodrugs, such as the equation: 1 + 1 = 3.

Antagonistic Effects:- Antagonistic effects occur when a drug combination producesan effect that is less than the sum of the effects of the drugs

acting alone, such as the equation: 1 + 1 = 1 or 1 + 1 = 0. .


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W hich biological factors

increase risk of addiction? Scientists estimate that genetic factorsaccount for between 40 and 60 percent

of a person's vulnerability to addiction,including the effects of environment ongene expression and function.Adolescents and individuals with mentaldisorders are at greater risk of drugabuse and addiction than the generalpopulation.


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TASK 1COMPREHE N TIO N CHECK

1. What is drug?

D rugs are substances that alter the body's actions and naturalchemical environment .

2. Give me three effect of central nervous system.HYPOTHALAMUSCEREBELLUM

ME D ULLA3. What the factor someone using the drug?

Phy sical Factors Emotional Factors

Drug-Related Factors


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TASK 2DETERMINE THE QUESTION (FALSE) OR (TRUE).

The opiates is a categories of drug?

People using the drug make the body strong.

D rug cannot give we cancer,but give our life enjoy.

true

false

false


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Task 3

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