cours 7B

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    qLdqdG HqdGShQ

    qdG c

    SSCG qdG e HqdG qdG ed

    : IM H qfiHqd qY e

    : qdDG

    : qG

    LZGdG WdG cG

    : NN jdG Y qhCG qe

    : qdG qgR qfi qhCG qe

    : dG dG Yqe

    : LGN Y qhCG qe

    : Gb aMfK J PSCG

    : j#dG qfifK J PSCG

    qfqdG qjQGHdG IQGRh

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    LZGdG WdG cd Xfi G L C

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 3

    eqeqdG LdqdG G a Y qG IYe H qLdqdG HqdG IqOe SqQoJ

    .YLGh ObG qdG qqdG SG qqgCG GQOEGh a j

    cG Y JY SSCG qdG e HqdG GqdG eJ EG qLoj dCqdG GgGgC j .H ShQqdG OGYEG aGe EG ej dc gh IG GQGh GQdG.qSqdG I qOG qFZh

    : e dCqdG Gg qjShQqdG c -

    qqdG fCG SGqc -: j c dSG .IWh HGJ bY KdG H JfCG c e (SG f) e H SQ

    qdG CGj -

    ShQqdG c e SQO S qQG j qK -.fCG c e jQH j -

    SGQOh H Y VH e qG EG qaSG fCG JeG cJ EG iNCG fCG Jh .dG EG AG b qG H j G e

    .ShQG d SG jOe cGh QH bY d J Y qqdH: J a fl QOe e eG Y dG EG qG fCG qac YJ

    1OYH JGQeh aQe j a .JGqdG qqdG e qG N e gG AH -: b G e e Y

    Jf qe qqdG FXdG cG -OHCG qKqdG S qdG SQ -

    .REG qJ H EG VqqdG -2IjG gG SJ -3.IG GQG GQdG qG q ie e qd G J

    : e qG q qfCG M Ic qqgCG qJGh eG Ldd dG Gg YCG c

    qFHdGh qdBG Sqdh XdG qd qG qdG SG -.gZh qbqdG FKdG h ffG eG Y dG -

    NOEG e qf qM JMe fh G qac AVH dG Gg j CG qf.eRqdG qdG

    qdDG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c4

    QGSQqdG

    Iqe IQU

    EG J DhJ T OGbSQ

    qdG AGLCG

    SQqdG GY

    SG qdG.SQqdG REG b dG QN qdG H j

    SQqdG ifiqeCJh DhJ -VJh Q -

    SG -fCG SGqc Y J qJ jQ -

    UGqSSCG gGh QG LSQqdG e G

    ? J gVe IjL ee EG IQTEGaG qM qqdG V qJ SQqdG

    .dG IOjRh

    ? Hc SCG c

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 5

    LdqdG

    1

    QG

    LdqdG G

    ? LdqdG g e

    ? LdqdG G g e

    OY SQdG1

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    SQdG - ShQdG c6

    GQ qJ h Y qJ J qdG FSheG bQCG J ag Gc.fEd

    .1GFqdG

    .2MqdG

    .3GQqdG

    .4aG

    .5jQqdG LG qQdG

    .6GQdG

    .7NGdG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2.dqdG QqdG N e LdqdG gqaJ qdG eG H cCG

    dG

    jY eH qj de fEG

    .je IM e q qdG ILCG.1LqdG.2G GhOCG Z dBG.3qdG Z dBG.4 qdG RL.5qFHdG G.6RqdG

    qdG gaqdG

    OY SQdG1LdqdG G

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)(

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 7

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    G Y LdqdG KCJ MfGhOCG aH JUNG qUN Y qJh qbH aCG

    : dqdG G.1qdG.2qqdG.3YqdG.4 qdG.5AdG cG.6MdG.7SG

    G

    Ge G FSdG qCG MfLdqdG Q qqdH dc qKCJ qdG

    .1dG

    .2IQqdG

    .3qjfl G

    .4qeYEG G

    .5VdG ILCG

    .6JG

    .7aCGh SGqdG

    qdG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c8

    LdqdG qqdG MfqjAGdG SH qJGh AdG

    IdH qdG qYqdG QbCGh.qVQCG.1VQCd qFa IQU.2YU b.3Fa e.4.qdGh Sd FGg

    AdG

    qS GKCJ LdqdG qqdG RaCGOGG a OLH dG YFShh eG GRZh qSdG.gZh qjhqdG GqdG jfh qdGqjQhqdG WMG PqJG EG iqOCG q

    :e qdG dG Y adG G J @dG SQ @

    qG AGdG qJ @dG Y ad fGb qS @

    dG

    GqdH jCG qKCJ qFGdG OGfEG eEH UCa Ld qdGLfEG qc h AGdG qYf qNqdG- N) IaGh qH h dG qc

    (... SCG - - Z

    jqdG

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 9

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    qdG e jGH fCG SGqH qdG fCG CG)7.(

    - 3qdG fCG

    J e fEG LdqdG qe

    qdGh eqdG eCJ e qFGdG OGG.SGe Z gaJh(...J - J - J - J)

    qFGdG YqdG

    e IQhV gh ,aGh d dG qdG g Ld

    qdG

    fl eJh jG G dEG dG GQhVqG h qdG jd dEG Ieh ae e kIe G

    .eGh fEG dSCG dh

    UG

    qCGJ Y GYj GY a qdGh LdqdG aeSe LdqdG UCG dd .qYLGh qjObG gQgORGh OdG

    .qdG qd

    ? J g

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 11

    LdqdG

    SG SG

    1

    QG

    f qe qgCG g e

    ? SG RLf qe FXh g e

    ? SG RL

    OY SQdG2

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    SQdG - ShQdG c12

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    - 1SG dG

    - 2SG RL J- CGSG RL

    SG SG

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)12(

    dG bdGqjcG IMdG 1

    TqdG 2qdG qe 3HdG 4

    eG Md 5IQCdG 6GOG 7

    OY SQdG2

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    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 13

    : qjcG IMdG -

    .gQXEGh eG GNEG UY -

    fG UGbCG Qb

    qjQqdG UGbCG Qb

    qdG rQR

    1

    2

    qjcG IMdG

    TqdG

    '' fCGTqdGeG qc fCG 'IcGH IOLG eGdH qUGUfh QU) .qjcG IMdG

    (...aCGh fHh

    '' fCGqjcG IMdGdG qeCG EG 'qaH bY h Sd qG

    .FGLCG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c14

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    4

    5

    6

    qdG qe

    HqdG

    eG Md

    IQCdG

    fCGqdG qeGUCG qc SoCG :jdG FGTh eGd MG

    fCGHqdGQqdG hCG UqdG WCG :TqdG Y IQG

    fCGeG MdHd HUCH ee Y qdG feEH ..qjcG IMdG EG qLoj eH J e qc . eGhCG AYE hCG UqdG

    fCGIQCdGJoe qJ H cqoJ eY .qc j hCG j e qeCG .TqdG Y

    .TqdG Y IOLG UdG

    eG NOEG UY- O

    3

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    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c2 15

    7

    fCGGOG

    qeoCG .JdG qHh qjcG IMdH Je EGeG HCG . iNCG ILCH qJG e SGffEG e ,JdG qN jW Y gqJCG hCG

    .fhdEG SGGh

    GOG

    - 3: qqdG `fCGU e jGH fCG SGqH G dG CG)13(

    ee gh FHdG QqdH j RL g SGgJ hCG Y qWG h eG c H qoJ IcGP H ,eG

    .IQCdGh eG Mdh TqdG e qLQG f qG jW Y

    UG

    :Iq MGe HQCG EG SGG Q qJ SoG qbY GM CGH dG h qhCG G SGM -951.

    .fqG eGdGh qFG qUCG J G Ic SGM e dCJqM qSG h G jf CGH dGh qdG G SGM -

    .qdG qjQSfqdG GQG qdH fSGh qdG FGhCGGQGdG qJh dG FGhCG fG dGh ddG G SGM -

    .GqjroU SGH Jh HGdG G M SGG dG q -

    .IcGqd GPGLh qjoU e J qdG e...eG G Me g G MG -

    ? J g

    : LGNEGh eG NOEG Y - `g

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 17

    LdqdG

    ? noe IM IQhO EG qJCG c

    ne IM IQhO

    1

    QG

    OY SQdG3

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    - 1: SG qdG

    OY SQdG3

    SQdG - ShQdG c318

    noe IM IQhO

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    - 2: dqdG gG qeCJCG

    - 3: SCG

    qdH SG qdG fCG SGqH CG)20(

    .L J fEG Y qj dG G EG aCG eg nG: nG j CG

    ... dG c :jOe T -...dG J : eN hCG -

    :Fb CG CS -MGh qd qde e eCH YCG

    ? aU q a ,e

    - qa bqG EG gP...G d oeqbh T

    qe T UCG.Lh

    -

    ! dWCS Hc H jTG fCG

    -Y G e q e qc ! M ! Mdg PEG H Qhe fCG ,a Zj dG AqdG

    .dG c e

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    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c3 19

    - 4: noe IM IQhO.IQ qG qdG g N e noe IM MGe cCG - CG

    ...ICah aqdG qaM Y eO e Vh

    ...Ia dH N

    .HG I qCG qJ

    d... gEG j ...CG...CG...CG.eO K qJ

    pJY OGSG Y fCG.pT EG

    g...qSDG j e...Y aqdG qeg MGe

    g CG qXCG ...BGe!!!

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    SQdG - ShQdG c320

    ...eqdG LM e qH : qhCG

    qdG hqdG feEH :dK...JCG dG SqdG Y Ie

    qdG g e qG.aCG

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG...SH nnG Q qJ e qH : fK

    ?...cCG J d S GPe dh

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    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c3 21

    : AJCG -

    ? e e g e @? e f GPe , CG M @? f dG MG ge @

    ? GqL qeg MG g GP @

    .eqdG Sb e Aj noG CG -.eqd qG SdG -

    .QqdG -G q J fC -

    .hG J

    ...GDS qdGL

    ? IQqdG g e J GPe @

    fH SQ Q qd SG J -

    qe qJH hG Q qJh .nod.bO

    ... e g

    .qdG noG H qe qdG MGG cPCG @

    - 5: nod qJG IQhqdG MGe EG qqdG

    : Me.a fCG g nG IM IQhO J .e noe I edG IQhqdG EG qf j a

    fEG qdG QqqdG LG IdG

    IdG

    LG : qhCG qdGqe M LG Y qdG g dG

    .qSSCGA1

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    SQdG - ShQdG c322

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    REG qfeEG SGQO :qdG qdGeRqdG hqdG OqoJ LGQGbEG HhqdG SGqc OGYEH nG R

    .XdG

    jqdG : HGqdGG qdG

    b e qe j G J HGWCG qac H Tf qfi hG.qSDG de

    ..nG p nppd qfH SH dP nj nh

    Q qqdG : dqdG qdGj XdG hqdG SG qc e bfGqdGh qd qhCG OGGh f qG j

    .hG b e q qj e gh

    A2

    A3

    A4

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    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c3 23

    qdG : eG qdG

    jH f jqdG qe e bfGBGh dG GhOCGh REG MGejH qj e gh P REGh

    .YqdG qG

    Y bOG : SOqdG qdGFN e qqdH dG qJ

    .H G UGd ah noGqSQ de GTEH dP jhqGh UGd edG G[ : e

    .]qYqdG

    fEG : HqdG qdG,noG U g qdG Gg e dGJh qqdG h IOG qqdG e

    .dd IOqG LBG G

    A5

    A6

    A7

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    SQdG - ShQdG c324

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    noG JEG : TdG qdGH noH qj NCG qdG GgeJ qdG G Y dGh dSG

    .e qqd

    noG SG : SqdG qdG: Y qdG Gg Jj

    .O qhG -.G -

    j ,IjL GSCG bGh d.Iqe H dG H G He

    jqdG : edG qdGJ Y dG j ,noG pREG H.jhJ d dPh dG d djEGh

    A8

    A9

    A10

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    SQdG - ShQdG c3 25

    : qdG jrdG.nG IM IQhO e Sj eQ hCG qdG SG qdG e cCG

    fG ............... LG ...............Q qqdG .............. .

    jqdG .............. . Y bOG ............ ...SG ...............

    .............................. A6 JEG ...............qdG ............. ..

    RCG qfeEG SGQO ............... .............................. A8.............................. A1

    - 6: qqdG fCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG)23(

    - 7

    : qJ jQ: dqdG jqdG SG qH CG: qhCG jqdG

    .nG IM IQhO MGe e Me qd SG eqdG SG fG VCG

    ( MGe hCG )fCG IY e qJ noe c IM IQhO qCG f:qdG qH eqf

    UG

    `````````````````Ld````````````````dG

    qdGA5

    jdGA4

    QdGA3

    qfeEGRfEGA2

    LGA1

    qeqSSCG

    qd qhCG qOGe

    SQ

    N hCG eJ

    JEGA10

    SGA9

    jqdG

    A8

    fEG

    A7

    bOGYA6

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    LG Y qdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 27

    2

    QG

    LG Y qdG

    ? LG Y qYCG c? LG Y qdG IGOCG SCG c

    OY SQdG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c28

    ``````````LGY``````````dG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2: qeCJCGEGh MCG H QGG QGO

    ? G g GU GP dh f : EG.qe L fCG G g : MCG

    ? G g LCG e fCG qdG LG YCG c : EG

    LG J Y GJ jSh KdG SCG g Y LCG : MCG

    ? G g EG LG BG aY g : MCGRGqdG Y aG e qjqdG bCG eJ q G g ! f

    .SGQqdG: EG

    G geN qJ ? : qhCG GDqdG.qjqdG bCG ed eN qJ G g : HLEG

    G gqKDJ GPe Y? : qdG GDqdGqKDJ GSGQqdG RGd YGhOCG h SGqc h c e : HLEG

    dG e? KCqdG Gg e : dqdG GDqdGSGQqdG RGd Y aG e G AKCG : HLEG

    .SQG EG M

    OY SQdGLG Y qdG

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)30(

    : MCGL fCG PEG.iNCG fi EG

    : EG h IU fiRGd qc H VCG CGH MCG dd SGQqdG

    .j

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    ``````````LG

    Y``````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 29

    .1nG SG.2 qhCG GDqdG.3qdG GDqdG.4dqdG GDqdG.5

    qhCG GDqdG Y HLEG .6qdG GDqdG Y HLEG.7HLEGdqdG GDqdG Y

    - 3SCG

    - 4LG Y qdG IGOCG: IGOCG J - CG

    f LG Y qdIGOCGqfLG Y qdG IGOCG: j c

    cH nG Gg e f e Y bOh S H qdG Lh LG AKCG.SGQO OhM h ag

    : qFQ SCG KK Y 1? eN qj () jf dG nG -2? dSG Y qKDS (e) GPe Y nG Gg -3? KCqdG Gg j VZ qC hCG g qC -

    2? eN qj ()

    4? g qC7

    ........................................................................................................................

    ........................................................................................................................

    3? qKDj (e)GPe Y

    56..........................................................................................

    .............................................

    .............................................

    ..................

    ..................

    1G

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    SQdG - ShQdG c30

    ``````````LG

    Y``````````dG

    IGOCG Xh - Ia REH LG Y FqdG qdG Y YJ LG Y qdG IGOCG

    .KqdG HLEG a qoJ

    : qhCG G.dG EG LG Y qYCG

    ? eN qj ()

    ? g qC

    dG f (M)N Y dG qT e G nJ

    qojG dG eqTdG.qdG N Y

    GdG

    dG

    : G EG LG Y qdG UN

    ? qKDj (e)GPe Y

    GdGqKCG noG

    qdG GDqdG Y HLEG dqdG GDqdG Y HLEG qhCG GDqdG Y HLEG

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    ``````````LG

    Y``````````dG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 31

    ? eN qj ()

    ? g qC

    nJGSQ eNYQdG

    .q

    q

    dG q

    UG H aVEG : `Me

    qojG UUdG beN SQYQdGdH fi

    dQdG

    UUqdG b

    : UUqdG b EG LG Y qdG UN

    ? qKDj (e)GPe Y

    GdGqKCGH aVEGHG qUG

    : qdG GUUqdG b EG LG Y qYCG

    G

    qhCG GDqdG Y HLEGdqdG GDqdG Y HLEGqdG GDqdG Y HLEG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c32

    ``````````LG

    Y``````````dG

    - 5qJ fCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG)31(

    6: SGqc Y SQCG.qSdG GhOCGh UUqdG b SH ec LG Y qdG IGOCG

    .SGQO OhMh nG g Y qbH qdG g LG Y qdG: SCG KK Y HLEH dP qj CG

    : n

    G? eN qj

    ? qKDj GPe Yg qC?

    ? fCG e

    @) f J1943 - 1856( . dG JGhc ceCG FHc SeOqOe QqJ GP qfi qhCG AfEG QGhqdG G d cG S

    S GM1888.H OqOG QqdG f qS qfCG M ic qgCG cG Gd c

    .jW ae EGq

    G Qq

    dG e

    UG

    (NICOLA TESLA)

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 33

    eG FXh

    3`XdG qdG

    OY SQdGQG

    ? XdG g e? FXdG UCG g e

    ? FXdG ZH f c

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    SQdG - ShQdG c34

    ```````````e

    G```````````FXh

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2: qeCJCG

    OY SQdGXdG dG

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)38(

    ? IGG L oh GP

    .IQGG qaod Lh ,f

    . .qdG qd IGG L oh

    : MCG @.''IQGG qa noJ'' IGa d qdH -

    .''qdG qc'' eg Xh qJ IGa qd qdH qeCG -f G gh ''eN Xh'' qJ ,d eN d IGG Loh PEG

    .Gh qdGh nG H bY Y: g IGH bY d qdG UdG @

    ...dG ,qdG ,FHdG QqdG ,AG ,G ,dh qdGnG Hh H bdG qJh IGd LQG G UdG g qoJ

    .''eG FXh''`H

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    ```````````e

    G```````````FXh

    SQdG - ShQdG c 35

    - 3eG FXh j: dqdG MGG CG eGG FXh jd

    .dSG fi nG VCG - CG

    : nH G UdG qSCGUYgh ,qLQN: IGd dH

    QqdGh Gh AGh qdG...dGh dhqdGh FHdG

    AG

    qdGGIGG

    dG

    QqdG

    FHdG dhqdG

    qFdG XdG OqMCG -

    : AJCGG H IOLG bdG Y

    .G UdGh IGGh1e G qoJ IGG qCG g -

    ? ''FHdG QqqdG'' qc2e G q IGG CG g -

    ? ''dhqdG'' qc3e G q IGG CG g -

    ? ''dG''qc

    4e G q IGG CG g -? ''dG'' qc

    5e G q IGG CG g -? ''AG'' qc

    qFqdG XdG q HG qdG HLEG.IGd

    AG

    qdGGIGG

    dG

    Qh

    QqdGFHdG

    dhqdG

    : SCG(Qh) qFqdG XdGhCG jY H HJ qdG bdG Y f

    .nG Y SG fi e cCGzqdG{ qH HQCG bdG J Sd

    .zIGG{ Y zG{h

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    SQdG - ShQdG c36

    ```````````e

    G```````````F

    Xh

    iNCG eG FXh OqMCG -

    : AJCGIGGh dhqdG H bdG CG g?a IOLe

    Y dhdG Y IGG Vd ! f.SG

    .qJ Xh bdG g q

    ''XdG qdG IGOCG'' f eG FXh jd - O

    AG

    h2

    h3h4

    h1

    qdGG

    IGG

    dGQqdG

    FHdGdhqdG

    SCG:fi e MGh H nG HJ qdG bdG Y f (h) qqdG XdG.SG

    h) IGH dhqdG qH HQCG bdG J Sd4.(.iNoCG qqdG FXdG jd IGH dc UdG qH HQCG c

    Me:.qJ FXh qoJ qFqdG Z FXdG qc

    Qh

    AG

    h2

    h3h4

    h1

    qdGG

    IGG

    dGQqdG

    FHdGdhqdG

    Qh

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    ```````````e

    G```````````FXh

    SQdG - ShQdG c 37

    eG FXh ZU `gXdG f XdG eqdG

    qFQ Xh dG

    qc e G IGG qoJ Qh

    qJ Xh .FHdG QqdH J CG IGd roj h1qJ Xh .SG Y IGG NGO AG Vh oj h2qJ Xh .GqL e GP IGG J h3qJ Xh .SG Y dh qdG Y IGG Vh oj h4

    : Me

    .nG eN EG qLQG UdG MCG aVEG qODJ @.eN Xh Ga EG qLQG UdG MCG gEG qODj @

    - 4: qqdG fCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG oCG)39.(

    - 5

    : qJ jQ qhCG jqdG @

    qFHdG WG dBG e IG eG FXh d - CGU XdG qdG IGOCH dP e hG EGh jH bCG)38(

    qFHc WN dBG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c38

    ```````````e

    G```````````F

    Xh

    G

    7

    23

    4

    5TdGdhqdG

    WG dBG

    dGFHdG QqdGWqG

    1

    XdG eQ EG e SG fG qdCGh SGqc Y fCGXdG eQ qJ Xh qFQ Xh XdG

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

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    ```````````e

    G```````````FXh

    SQdG - ShQdG c 39

    qYCGh SGqc Y fCGXdG eqdG

    Qh1Qh2h1h2h3h4

    h5

    .WG dBG e IG eG FXh ZH bCG -

    : qdG jqdG @1-''FHc Y qe''`d XdG qdG IGOCG SQ SG qc Y fCG

    :g SG Y nH G UdG qCG Y ,qCG qK.dG ;FHdG QqdG ; (IQGG ,HWqdG) qdG eGdG ; dG ; G

    2

    CG -.nG e IG eG FXh ZH b

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    SQdG - ShQdG c6 41

    OGG

    4G rOGG

    ? G qOGG g e? qOGG qUN EG qJCG c

    ? G qOGG qUN qgCG g e

    OY SQdG6QG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c42

    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    OY SQdG6G rOGG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2: AJCG? qKCJ GPh ? LJ c ? I qOG g e

    .fEH j e qc g IOG @.gZh Gh dG e qFja FH IOG qJ @

    : fl M K IOG LJ CG @...SdGh Gh jG e U -...HhGh jdGh AG e FS -... cCGh AGdG e RZ hCG QH -

    :jQe M IOG dM qJ @.IQGG LQO -.qdG LQO -

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)50(

    - 3: qeCJCG.U G OGG EG qJCGh dqdG QqdH nG qeCJCG

    1- 3.AGg YqH jJ Ge

    IOG SEG bqdGedCG FN e G 1

    T SH aCG dG drfCG 2T SH OdG dG dfCG 3

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 43

    2- 3Ge

    3- 3 qdG GhCG HdG W fBG : qhCG G

    IqOG SEG bqdGgqdG IcqdG 1

    PdG aGqdG GQ qdG 2(UCG SqdG) SqdG FN GG qc 3

    PdG IHEG 4

    IOG SEG bqdG IOG SEG bqdG

    (SH) cH SdG e 4 edCG QdG 1edCG AdG 5 (SH) cH QdG e 2

    (SH) cH AdG e 6 edCG Sc 3

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    SQdG - ShQdG c44

    OG`````````````````````````

    GIOG SEG bqdG IOG SEG bqdGQqH AdG 3 qe edCG QdG 1

    (SH) cH AdG e 4 (SH) cH QdG e 2

    .Qb : qdG G

    4- 3G GhOCG H

    IOG SEG bqdG IqOG SEG bqdGN e Pa qS 5 hdH e Pa b IGOCG 1

    SH ae 6 edCG N qdG aQ IGOCG 2

    QqH SCc 7 cjEG ITah e 3N qdG e 4

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 45

    IOG SEG bqdG IOG SEG bqdGhdH e Pa JG 4 Pa G 1

    SqdG N de d 5 SqdG N G Ve 2e Pa ZGH 6 SqdG N MqdG 3

    IOG SEG bqdG IqOG SEG bqdGSf HfCG Uh b 5 e Pa ZGH 1

    SqdG N qM 6 e Pa qdG W 2SqdG N Uh f qe 7 Pah SH HGQ 3

    e VM IOGS 4

    5- 3b

    6- 3rqdG qdG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c46

    7- 3qFHdG GhOCG H

    8- 3qeY GhOCG

    IOG SEG bqdG IOG SEG bqdGFN e SH

    SqdGe

    FHc 4 SHY 1

    FN e SHS

    qdG

    fqFHc 5

    FN e SHS

    qdG

    HQ IGOCGFHc 2

    FN e SHSqdG

    FM oZ 6 SH + Sf SCG 3

    OG`````````````````````````

    G

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 47

    IOG SEG bqdG IqOG SEG bqdG

    Pah N Y GhOCG 4 SH AYh 1SH HfCG 5 Pa qjhj f HY 2

    e HdG Y 3

    - 3: SG

    - 4: G OGG J 1- 4qpfpe Zh qpfpe : EG qOGG qUCG

    .G Zh G e fl qOGe e f qe IQ qdG UY qCG : MCG

    : AJCG (CG? qpfpe Zh qpfpe EG OGG qUCG cqdH fCG SGH qhCG qdG qdG CG)51(

    : IQq qdGG qeCJCG

    .OGG e Ic YGfCG G U f: g G qOGG qgCG

    1PdG -2gqdG -3

    FNh SqdG - 4FNh edCG -5SdG -6G -7QqdG -

    .qJ FXh EG d nG G qOGG NG

    : SG.FHdG Qqd bf OGe g qpfpG OGG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c48

    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    2 - 4qjjM Zh qjjM qOGe EG qfG qOGG qUCG

    3- 4.Pah gR EG qjjG qOGG qUCG

    qjjG qOGG GSG qc

    eh jM g e e fl qfe qOGe e f qe GG UY qCG : MCG.jM Z g e

    : GG qeCJCG

    : SG.qjjM qOGe g G HL dG OGGdHdG e SG b qjjM Z iNCG qOGG H g : Me

    .G e dc YJ qdGh

    : AJCG (CG? qjjM Z qOGeh qjjM qOGe EG qpfpG OGG qUCG cqdH fCG SGqH qdG qdG qdG CG)52(

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 49

    : AJCG (CG? qjjG OGG qUCG cqdH fCG SGqH dqdG qdG qdG CG)54(

    qCG : MCG.fl fGdCGh qjjM Z qOGe e f qG g

    .jJ LQG qdG f dh IcCe dG S qCG : MCG

    : qjjG dG g qeCJCG

    : dG g qeCJCG

    .OeQ fd qjjM IqOe PdGcGO OeQ fd qjjM IqOe gqdG

    UG

    4- 4.qjjG Z OG qUCG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c50

    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    ? qjjG Z qOGG EG qJCG cqdH fCG SGqH HG qdG qdG qdG CG)56(

    : `Me.qe qOG JQUSqdG e j qe IqOe edCG e j qe IqOe

    SqdGqH MCG fd jM Z e g :SqdG FNUCG fd qjjM Z Oe g :

    edCGqa HCG fd jM Z e g :edCG FN.cGO qa fd qjjM Z Oe g :

    UG

    .qdG fBG qeCJCG

    - 5: qOGd qjQGG qbqdG

    : MCGhCG SCG ,fl qOGe e oU bh XdG H eJ fBG(cjEG I qOe) fqdG SCGh (edCG I qOe)

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 51

    AJCG (CG? IQGd OG qbf YS qJCG cqdH fCG SGqH eG qdG qdG CG)57(

    : SG.NBG EG e e J IQGG qbf.PdG qK SqdG FNh edCG j IQGG d dY IQb d SqdG

    - 6: qqdG fCG1- 6: qH ae f

    .SG fG (*) edG VH qdG hG J CG

    6-) qdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG58(

    - 7: qdG jqdG SGqH CGSG qUH qOGG HQCG.d

    GdCGiNCG

    OeQcGO

    UCG HCG OeQ a HCG H MCGdG

    * PdG* edCG

    * S qdG* gqdG

    * SdG

    IqOG

    qUG

    FHdG Qqqd RY

    qH MCG fd

    jM ZG e Yj

    G e Yj

    OGG

    edCG

    SqdG

    PdGQqdG

    G

    .dGG qdH hG fCG

    UG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c52

    SG qdGLQO

    QfG

    (qjJ)

    ZqjjM

    qjjMZ

    qfe

    qfefqGqFqdG

    OGG

    K dBG ,GeBG cg....qfe

    OeQcGO

    e1150EG1350

    * *f + jM

    e bHdG

    gqdG

    SG ccg

    h GQqdG

    qjjG qdG

    OeQ 1400 * *f + jMe GqL b

    HdGPdG

    qdG qdGqdGh

    ...FHdGqH MCG 1080 * * e SdG

    FGdG qdGFHdGh

    qdG FShh...IQqdGh

    HCGqa

    660 * * e edCG

    SG cc

    YqdG

    HCGqTfl

    GdCG

    SdGOdG

    120

    jJ

    *qFc OGee Le

    hdG

    SdGGfCG)(Ic

    AdG IQKCG YUh

    ...G

    eUCGqdG EG

    j * QTCG G

    GhOCG YUGhCG ,HG

    ...aGqdGh qdG

    kIOYqT

    700 * JQGdG eQ QqdG

    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    UG

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    OG`````````````````````````

    G

    SQdG - ShQdG c 53

    qCG -e fEG aY qdyG OG qhCG g SqdG4000b S .jJ OGdqdG JG JCj gh GQfG OG cCG g edCG qCG -

    H qVQCG Id f qG UdG e7,6.H HGqdG JG JCj qVQCG IdG jG QfG qCG -

    H edCG7,4

    qdG IG SG OG cCG gh .K NQCGhe f CG H qd qHb OG cCG g gqdG qCG -1

    M bQh gqdG e c1.qHe ec

    ? J g

    %

    %

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    SQdG - ShQdG c 55

    qqdG FXdG

    J RL qqdG

    ? qqdG Xh EG qJCG c

    ? qqdG UY EG qJCG c? qFHdG FG EG qJCG c

    OY SQdG7 5

    QG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c56

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2qFHdG ILCG g qeCJCG.qJ qdG GhOCG qJCG - CG

    Z dBG

    OY SQdG7J RL qqdG

    qdH SG qdG fCG SGqH CG)64(

    cY Qe

    e IQS

    K dBG

    : SCG1.qqdG H qjh ,qdH qUG qQqdG Y qdG Y ILCG g J -2.NBG EG RL e q

    qdG UY J -

    RJ

    H Y q RL

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 57

    - 3MCGh qLCG.dqdG qFHdG GQG qdG CG @

    MCG

    . HdGG g G AVCG -AJCG

    . ? G J qqdG SCG g -

    : hCG HqdG

    : dqdG HqdG : fdG HqdGqdG Y qdG Y

    qjQH

    FHc e

    : SCG(dqdGh fqdG) HqdG fl qqdG GY -

    .qFHdG IQG qdG qqdG fhO e SSCG Y g qqdG Y -

    4,5 V

    : MCG - CG

    qd GY hCG Hqd VCG -.''YqdG qQdG'' qj

    : AJCG -

    f ? IQGqdG qqdG SCG g.qQdG Y dG Y G oj -qdG GfG Y G j -

    .Y

    : MCG - CG

    qd GY hCG Hqd VCG -.WdG qj

    : AJCG -

    .f ? IQGqdG qqdG SCG g.WdG TCG eY G oj -

    .WdG dM J Y G j -

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    SQdG - ShQdG c58

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 4qqdG Xh jJQqqdG Qh qdG CG ,a hCG qFHdG IQGqdG Z g qqdG Y Xh

    .Qhe Y hCG FHdG

    - 5: H q UY

    IQd WbFM WbqfhdEG Md Wb

    S Wb

    FM Wb

    FM Wb

    qfhdEG Md Wb

    S Wb

    FM qQR

    QGQRCG e P H

    WGdG e P H

    qfhdEG Md qQR

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 59

    - 6: qqdG UY ReQ: ReqdG d eCG

    qG eQ qG SEG qG IQU

    WdG

    ZqdG qQqdG

    : SCGSqdG qqdG j qY Y qe IqMe qJ d g ReqdG

    .qG qfdG

    - 7: qFHdG FG: qeCJCG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c60

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    : MCG -

    .ebQCG q Y g qc Y iQCG -.qFHdG FG Y bQCG g qJ -

    : e -

    qqdG d qFHdG FGOY1)U59) : g (V250A;3.(: q

    V250Rh j h (qJqdG) SG L :3A:IqT.dSG Y qqdG Y qj qdyG idG QqqqdG

    - 8: qJ `fCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG)65(

    - 9: qJ jQ: qhCG jqdG

    .qSdG GhOCG e SGqc Y ZqdG qQqdG eQh WdG eQ SQ YCG

    : qdG jqdG: ( hCG f) `H qCGh SGqc Y jqdG Hc YCG

    (.........................) .G Aj qFHc IQGO Me WdG j eY -.qFHdG IQG qdG qj WdG -(.........................)

    (.........................) .e WdG j eY FHdG QqqdG q -

    ZqdG qRdG eQ WdG eQ

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 61

    - 10: q Ud SG e eCG

    FHc qN qjhj WGN dBG

    LG qY eK dBG IdG W dBG

    FGqdG qN

    Xh qFHdG IQGqdG UY e SSCG Y g qqdG Y -.IQGqdG g a hCG Z qqdG

    .qFHc FN q Y qd -...ZqdG qQqdGh WdG H e qqdG UY e GfCG IY g -

    .NBG EG RL e qqdG UY J -

    UG

    ,IQGG LQO q hCG jJ Y IGG f qe H e qCGGqM IQGG LQO J eY qFJ FHdG QqqdG b e qoj

    .q

    e j bh q

    e

    ? J g

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    qqdG FXdG

    qFHdG jqdG

    J RL ? jqdG Xh EG qJCG c

    ? qFHdG FG EG qJCG c

    b RL SCG c

    ? qJqdG hCG FHdG G

    ? qFHdG jqdG QOe g e

    OY SQdG8 5

    QG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 63

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    SQdG - ShQdG c64

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 1SG dG

    - 2qeCJCG

    qdH fCG H SG qdG CG)72(

    OY SQdG8J RL qFHdG jqdG

    qqdG H

    Sh g g? iNCG

    ,e Aj d.NBG RL ej LqGQO

    fH qcj U qde aVEHMG j Xh dG

    .eRdG qFHdG b qdH

    ? dP c

    qjQH f CG ,f.MG J

    LGqQqdG fe EG qJG

    AJ LGqQO GP ej qdGFGMG e Z qdH AJ

    .IAVEG e Y

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 65

    : SCGjqdG Qe) qjQ qH hCG qd dU rne fc GPEG qEG MG J

    .(qFHdG

    - 3: jqdG Xh.qjQhqdG b qdH IQG qdG O qhJ a qFHdG IQG qdG SSCGh qg Y jqdG

    - 4OY qdG qdG CGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH)3(- 5: jqdG QOe

    : I qG jqdG - CG: qG OdG - qj qFc IO fi Hc b qSj e AYh e qe G OdGa dqdG dG eCG G Od LG dG gh SqdG e AZ RQdG aW

    .AYdGb (qJJ) FHc L d OdG G OdG qEG,.

    J LGqQqd qFHdG IQGqdG PEG.jrdG

    L OY5,1.dG G e

    (R 6)

    qT qN(Cellule solaire)

    ... f

    L OY5,1.SG G e

    (R 14)

    V

    VVfl jN Y

    TCGh MCG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c66

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    : IO qOG jqdG - : FHdG qdG

    .H dUG IYCG e Y a qjQd qdH qeCG

    4,5 v

    (3 R 12)

    qjQH9 v(6 F 22)

    qjQHfi Jg qjQH12 v(M 10)

    qjQH

    : SCG.dS bh Le b d IqG jqdG QOe qc -.qFHc bW EG qFdG b qdG q -

    .M M iNCG EG jQqH e qdG J -.H dUG IYCG OY M qjQ qdG (qJqdG hCG) L j -

    e qFHdG ILCG qJ e Mh SG M qjQ qdG QNG j -

    .bqd SG

    : jQdG -

    FGg q

    FHc bW qde qjOY LGqQd FHc qde

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 67

    qFHc bW dJ q qde 6-: ReqdG: ReqdG hL - CG

    qdH (fqdG) HqdH qUG qFHdG IQGqdG SGqH SQCG : J -)57(.ShQqdG c e

    7-: qFHdG FG.dSG M jqdG R qFHdG FG J

    dd e qe (qJH) hCG H Rd H Y qdG RL j :eOY : e IYCG Y hCG) qdG G e L OH JR6.(qL

    Y J Lh dd .qFHdG b qd cCG cSG qa jOGqdG eCGe: e) G

    qSe qaL IYCG6.( f e qaL IYCG

    IQqdG(eCG)

    eqdG

    qL OYqjQ qHqde

    R14

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    SQdG - ShQdG c68

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    8-: (qJqdG) hCG G b RL.''ddG'' : (qJqdG) hCG FHdG G b RL qj -

    '' ddG'' : (qJqdG) hCG FHdG G IMh -'' '' : (qJqdG) hCG FHdG G IMh eQ -

    ' : `H qfdG SqdG d neoj -

    : HEG ddG RL - CG

    (Volt)

    V

    V

    G qSe qaL IYCG

    G IU qaL IYCG

    (E) qqdG(IHEG hCG) qTDG

    (C) GQdG(qG QqqdG SG Y)

    H Y q RLjOGQ RL

    R14

    R6

    qG

    (C) GQdG

    (OqOG QqqdG SG Y)

    (IHEG dEG J qdG jQqdG OY)

    AZ

    (L) IAGdG

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 69

    L M QdG QNG jFHdG QqqdG(qJqdG) hCGH

    qG hCG jqdG Qe W.IQGqdH

    FHdG G b jd(qJqdG) hCG: dqdG IYdG qWCG G W H

    ? HEG ddG SCG c -

    gQWEG NGO IHEG qJ dSG Y (qJqdG) hCG FHdG G d RL.SG dG e Se qQe qS eCGh

    : j c HEG ddG RL J J

    SG dG e cCG QY QNG -(30V).(-) dqdG dGh (+)LG dG SG -.(e hCG O qOe) G SH FHdG QqdG qUN QNG -

    .dG IAGb qS QNG -

    : bqdG G -

    C

    U = x L

    E

    (C)

    GQdG(OqOG QqqdG SG Y)(C)

    (V)

    GQdG(qG QqqdG SG Y)

    qG

    TqdG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c70

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    ? FHdG G b bqdG G SCG c -O

    : j c FHdG G b dS b qdG G J jH XdG QNG -

    QY eCG qG(V)SG QdG QNG -e)20(.

    LG dG SG -(V)dqdG dGh(COM).

    FHdG G IAGb -

    ITe.TqdG Y e )11^82.(

    : SCG.jqdG Qe e hCG qG e RGqdH HEG hCG bqdG ddG qcoj

    9-: SG,jOGqdG : e b qdH dG qFHdG ILCG H jhd jQ qdG J -

    .qFHc SCG Ta ,qfhdG dCG ,qJqdG qjQdG UGbCG QbJ a qfhdG qjhdG YqdGh IqdG qfhdG GhOCd qdH qeCG

    .qFqdG jQ qdG e d jQ qdG e NBG Yf

    qFHc SCG Ta q

    Jq

    dG q

    jQqdG UGbCG Qb q

    Jq

    dG WTCG q

    e h jOGQ

    V

    V

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    ```````````dG```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 71

    qjhdG YdG J dG qaG jG e IMGh qN qCG.S N W VQCG e qe e jd ac

    .jG g N dG jM LJ

    ? J g

    : e bqdH qdG qFHdG ILCG jhd IOqOG qFHdG GqdG J -

    : LGqQd qFHc IQGO f qe -1-FHc qde2-eeCG Sfa3-N Sfa4-GqFHc SC5-qdG HQ UY

    - 10:qJ fCGCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG)75(.

    qFHc Z dBGe IQqSRJ

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    SQdG - ShQdG c72

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    . b qdH qFHdG IQG qdG jqdG RL O qhoj -:b jJ RL d -

    .(dS bh Le b) :G Qqd qdH.jJ RL hH FHc RL J -

    UG

    bh eM fd e H qFHc qN U oj qfCG.qe fR h Sf

    .NGH IQdG LC fqdG Y VCG -CG hO fqdG b JYe fqdGh SqdG b SZCG -

    .NGH qSJH N NH TCSh H dG CG -Y qfG dG H qdoj dG QqdG

    .d

    ? J g

    11-:qJ jjd. HG e iNCGh jQqdG e Y

    : qUh d j GPe @

    GP Me - CG6vGP jQqH12v? GP Me - 6vGP jQqH4,5v?GP Me - 6vGP jQqH6v?

    @? J f MC jW aCG g e@? SCG GPe

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    qqdG FXdG

    J RL jG

    ? jG Y Xh EG qJCG c

    ? qFHdG FG EG qJCG c? jG UY GfCG EG qJCG c

    qFHdG IqqdG b RL SCG c

    OY SQdG9 5

    QG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 73

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    74/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c74

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2MCGh qeCJCG

    OY SQdG9J RL jG

    qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG)82(

    : MCG

    .IqdG g q H Jj qdG qFHdG IQG qdG j dG dG dG

    j dG dG dG Gg g e? J

    ...CG qJG qFHdG IQGqdGh RG J H

    J CG j.AHdG qfl

    q J bG fc H...TG Y qj H PEG qdGGg qj GP QOCG d

    ? RG

    H Jj qdG qFHdG IQGqdG -.qe qdG q RL

    f qe MCG jJ qj CG j -.dG UE IQGqdG

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    75/168

    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 75

    - 3: IqdG Xh LCGQqqdG IqT Q qdG fQG Y gQfH qFHdG IQGqdG IqdG

    .FHdG

    : Y f dP j CG oj.bdG f qFHdG qG e jdG SG -

    qdG fCG SGqH CGqdH)3((qdGh qG L DhJ Y hCG) G Qd Le JQG -

    qdG fCG SGqH CGqdH)4(.IQe IQGO hM -

    qdG fCG SGqH CGqdH)5.(- 4: eqdG

    eQ - CGIqdG

    IqdG

    IqdG eM

    dGjM R qG eQ

    J j - fC.jGY GQOEG e IQGqdG SQ qCGh SGqc Y

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    SQdG - ShQdG c76

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 5qFHdG FGqeCJCG

    bQ : IdG1

    : G: IqqdG380 v

    bQ : IdG315A - 65 V

    bQ : IdG42A - 250 V

    bQ : IdG51A - 250 V

    20 A

    bQ : IdG2: G: IqqdG

    380 v

    32 A

    : MCG

    : gh IOqfi qFHc FN jM Y qdGSG L(qJqdG) hCG:.IqdG SG dM Rh j qdG g

    SG QqJ I qT:.IqdG qJ dG idG IqqdG gh

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 77

    .IQGqdG G RG M IqdG QNG qj -- 7: GqdG d UGe

    . UGe M

    SCd OCG GqG

    Qqqd idG IdGFHdG

    OHCG GSG L

    dG qdG1,5 6 6,3 23

    1,5 10 8,6 23

    2,5 16 10,3 25,8

    2,5 20 8,5 31,5

    4 25 10,3 31,5

    6 32 10,3 38

    (mm)

    250V

    (A)

    (NF)

    (mm2)(V)

    - 6SG.dG e gZh qdG qFHdG ILCGh qFHdG qdG j IqdG J -

    .SG H M q

    e e qdG S

    qdG q -

    bGdG WdGOGqdG

    Iqe GH

    qfi

    qde

    qFHc ILCG

    IQGqdG e a qd FHdG Qqqd idG IqqdG M

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    SQdG - ShQdG c78

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    NBG H jCG qfi qFHdG IQGqdG qCG

    qfqdG cqdG qaJ qdG bGdG WdG gh.OGqdG e RdGh AHd

    ? J g

    - 8: FHdG QqqdG IqT b RL

    bQ e RL

    .IQGqdH FHdG QqqdG I qT M QdG QNG j

    HEG eeCG SCG c @:) FHdG QqqdG I qT d RL g HEG eeCGI.(

    Se qQe qS eCG (Rd qeeCG LGdG) QWEG NGO IHEG qJ dSG Y.SG dG e

    .e eCH qFHdG IqqdG b RL qj -''eCG'' FHdG IqqdG IMh -qFHdG IqdG IMh eQ -

    HEG eeCG RL

    ) IAGdGL(

    ) qdGE(IHEG

    SG dG

    bGdG WdG

    "A"

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 79

    GQY IqY IqqdG b RL -S IqYh

    ) O qOe hCG (-) qe QqJ I qT d oj CG eeCd -~.(

    : `H qfdG SqdG eeCG R eoj -

    .qFHdG IQG qdG UY e qdH eeCG qcoj -

    : dqdG IYdG J j SG IqqdG b jd -

    (1A ; 3 A ; 300mA ; 100 mA ; 10 mA)

    (...100 ; 30)

    A

    I = x LC

    E

    qFHdG FG RG SEG bqdG6V - 2A jJ IMh 1

    250V - 0,3A (IqdG) jM Y 2C = 300mA (eeCG) qFHdG IqdG b RL 3250V - 3A Wb 46V - 0,15A FHc e 5

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    80/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c80

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    ? bqdG eeCG SCG c @ @

    : e) RG TT Y QqqdG IqT b ITe CGbCG @A0,2(.

    TqdG

    qG

    LG dG

    dqdG dG

    (A)

    (COM)

    GQdG(C)(qG QqqdG SG Y)

    GQdG(C)

    (OqOG QqqdG SG Y)

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 81

    - 9: qJ fCGqdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG)86(

    - 10

    : J j.SGqc Y qCGh qFHdG IQG qdG qeCJCG - CG

    qFHdG FG RG SCG b qdG

    4,5V qjQH 1

    HEG eeCG qFHdG IqqdG b RL 2

    4,5V -0,15A FHc e 3

    250V - 2A FHc Wb 4

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    82/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c82

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    Zh QW JQG Y gQfH qFHdG IQGqdG IqdG .FHdG QqqdG IqT Nh OY.IQGqdG FHdGG QqdG IqT M IqdG QNG qj

    .qFHdG FN jM RL qd.eeCG RH qFHc IQGO QqdG IqT SJ

    .qFHdG IQG qdG UY e qdH eeCG qcj

    UG

    ? eeCG RL QWEG j qS e c - ........................................................................................................................................

    .LqQJ e eeCG qTDe dEG j e qqdG Y CGbCG -

    qS Y hCG IAGdG @100

    ........................... jQJ qS Y fqdG IAGdG @30........................... jQJ...................................................... ? G QdG g e - O

    ? eeCG RL b HQ YCG d j GPe - `g........................................................................................................................................

    ? IQGqdG g FHdG QqqdG I qT b g e - h........................................................................................................................................

    ? qfi IQG qdG g g - Q........................................................................................................................................

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c 83

    e? fCG

    Qe jQfCG eCG Jac TG fa ah Fjah VjQ Y

    .qedGh qFHdG ejqdG

    (1836 - 1775) (AMPERE ANDRE MARIE)

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    85/168

    qqdG FXdG

    J RL qG

    OY SQdG10 5

    QG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 85

    Xh EG qJCG c? qG

    EG qJCG c

    ? qG GfCGEG qJCG c

    ? qFHdG FGb RL SCG c

    ? qG ehe

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    86/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c086

    ```````````dG```````````F

    XdG

    - 1SG qdG

    - 2qFHdG ILCG g qeCJCGqJCG - CG

    OY SQdG10J RL qG

    q

    dH q

    q

    dG fCG SGq

    H SG q

    dG CG)92(

    : MCG - .iNCG bW EG d qh FHdG bdG ILCG g JILCG g

    qJ.H

    : Y d qFHdG ILCG d FHdG QqqdG j RGeG cG IQfEG IQGG

    *

    *

    * *

    *

    FHc e

    aJ RL

    T q

    RJ

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    87/168

    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 87

    3qG Xh -. G a Zj iNCG bW EG qFHdG b qdG qG qj

    :e: qFHdG HG - CG.IQfEG EG qFHdG bdG

    H e HG e GfCG I qY g:

    qdG fCG SGH CG1qdH)93.(:

    qFHdG ehG -ehG

    qUH

    qJ

    qfhdEG hCG

    qFHc f

    qe g

    .FHdG Qqd: GfCG I q``Y EG qFHdG ehG J

    f e ObG e Ldg e . qgJ e

    LG M Iqe ehe qfHc ehe (S) HK ehe

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    88/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c088

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    : qfHdG ehG @.IQGdG L hCG FHdG QqdG Iqd qe b Y G g e dG -

    H hG ehe EG Qj -.cg Y g qdG eMCG GdCG M ehG g b O qoJ -

    c fj M , geQh hCG g qFHdG ehG IMh -:Yeh AGLCG IMd -:dhGG hCG AGLCG /CG

    hCG G @

    hCG hG @

    :dhGG hCG Ye /hCG dG @

    hCG G @

    (R)

    (Omga) (OHM)

    1 m = 0,001 = 10-3

    1 = 10-6

    1 k = 1000 = 103

    1 M = 1000000 = 106

    FHc W RL aJ RL

    : dG ehG @.qjQGM bW EG qFHdG b qdG j g e dG -

    .gOqoJ dG IQdGh ,SGQqJ L : qFHdG FN -

    ...fqdGh aqdG ILCG J -

    220V - 1200 W220V - 1500 W

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 89

    qhCG GG qdG GG dqdG GG HGqdG GG

    (GdCG ReQ h fyG)

    HGqdG GGddG GG(dG eY)

    qdG GG qhCG GG qdG

    1 0 0 OSCG1 % 10 1 1 H2 % 1000 2 2 MCG

    1000 3 3 JH

    10000 4 4 UCG

    100000 5 5 NCG

    1000000 6 6 QRCG

    10000000 7 7 H

    8 8 OeQ

    9 9 HCG

    5% 0,1 gP

    10 % 0,01 ad H

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    90/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c090

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    IqG ehG @

    qdG fCG SGqH CG -2) qdH96(

    FHdG QqdG IqT d ehG b j CG G qG hG uoj -.FHc IQGO L hCG

    : J -e e) jG g IqG ehG e IOqe GfCG g...HG hCG (dG J

    25 W 2 W 1 W 0,5 W 0,25 W IQdG

    IQqdG

    hdG SG cCG g ehG e qdG Gg qEG

    (fl) qe he (j) qe he

    .M M hG gOqj qdG IQdG QGe ae

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 91

    .FHdG QqdG IT qd Gqe ehe SCG

    qdG fCG SGqH CG3) dH96(.IQfEG EG qFHdG bdG j ( FdG fG FK ) qG qdG -

    .qjdG IQTEd J VDEL

    qe eY

    OfcOfCG

    QRCG NCG UCG MCG e Ub)5(

    qqdG IQU

    : SG L: QqdG IqT

    : SG L: QqdG IqT

    : SG L: QqdG IqT

    : SG L: QqdG IqT

    qFHdG FGqd

    1,6V

    10mA

    2,1V

    20mA

    2,1V

    20mA

    4,5V

    30mA

    qfiFHc

    fl qe heqjQ qH

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    92/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c092

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    : FHdG G -O.qfe bW EG qFHdG b qdG j.gqaj qdG IQdGh SG QqJ L : g qFHdG FN -

    qdG fCG SGH CG5qdH)98.(

    .fd M qG qd qFHdG FG J -.e FHc qe qG qdG -

    .OJdG Y G edG qJ -

    .qG qdG j IQGdG bGh ehe Uoj -

    MCG

    qdG fCG SGH CG4) qdH98.(edG GfCG H: G

    WCG d FHc fi(e QqJ)

    K dB FHc fi(OOe QqJ)

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    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 93

    - 4:ReqdG

    - 5: FHdG G ehe b RLhCG SCG c?bdG

    qe he e U qfi he e SEG

    IQqdG

    eqdG

    TqdG

    GQdGqG

    LG dGdqdG dG(COM)

    (C)

    : j c hCG Rc dS bqdG G RL J j

    GQY eCG qG H (hCG) XdG QNCG -e) SG QdG QNCG ,GQY IqY hCG RL -2. (dqdG dGh LG dG SG -: `H fdG SdG hCG R enj -

    ()

    K

    ()

    (COM)

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    94/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c094

    ```````````

    dG```````````F

    XdG

    : e) RG TT Y ehG b ITe CGbCG @0^820(

    6:qJ fCG -) qdG e jGH fCG SGqH qqdG fCG CG99(

    -7:J jQ:

    qhCG j

    qdG

    .qSdG GhOCG e SGqc Y hG SQ YCG - CG.SG GdCH eMCG dCG ,hG ehe b Y GOYG -

    : qdG jqdG @@. f qG bCGh qSdG GhOCG e SGqc Y hG SQ YCG - CGGdCG ReQ hH e Sj CG - :

    K

    qdCG hG ehe b

    47 K 5%

    -.j c hCG RL b H FHdG QqdG Y a H qG ncoj

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    95/168

    ```````````dG

    ```````````FXdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c0 95

    .iNCG bW EG qFHdG b qdG jd qG oJ.qG e GfCG I qY g.qFHdG FN qe d

    .hCG RH qG ehe b SoJ.qFHdG QqdGh IQG qdG Y a H qG W H hCG qcoj

    UG

    ? J g

    qgJ e ObG e UdG100W 20w G IQdGG

    1 1 OY15000YS 15000YS TG Iqe

    1500KWh 300KWh TG Iqe GW SG: MCGgqdG e e qbCG qFHdG bdG iObG G j

    .ObG H oS Gd .Ge H

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    96/168

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    97/168

    qG SqdH UGqdG

    OY SQdG 6

    Q

    G

    97SQdG - ShQdG c

    OY SQdG11

    qdG SqdG

    ? qdG SqdG g e

    ? SqdG GfCG g e

    ? OHCG KK fH SQ CG c

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    98/168

    98

    ``````

    G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    OY SQdG11qdG SqdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    -1: SG qdG

    ) qdH fCG SGqH SG qdG CG08(-2: qdG SqdG jJCGqdG1) qdH fCG SGqH10(

    :jqdGcqdG hCG BGh GqGh dG TCG Y H J g qdG SqdGY qe qSSCG YGb Y Jj gh ; Xd FGOCG qc dch YU qcheG IAGd H

    qdG H ej

    qM d

    qJ YGdG g ,

    qY

    .SqdG SGH Y qdG hCG SqdG e G-3:SqdG GfCG- 1dGqdG d OHCG qKqdG S qdG

    .dG GJ e M nG hCG dG M J e OHCG KqdG S qdG q

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    99/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 99

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    - 2dGdG d qG SqdG

    RGHEG H OHCG KK SH IYeh qJe G b J e qG S qdG q.FGLCG cJh dTG qc

    - 3) d jdG SqdG2dGqdG dG e (

    bO H SdGh qdG a Rjh IMGh d be IqY Y jqdG SqdG j.dG H

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    100/168

    100

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 4dGqdG d eqdG S qdG

    dG a qbJ ,SG qVh gh b eH nG eqdG SqdG qj.f qh oJh

  • 7/30/2019 cours 7B

    101/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 101

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    - 4: qSSCG YGdG H-1: SG

    Y qeh I

    qMe Se EG j

    qdG S

    qdG Y f dG QdG Se

    :JBc

    CGqdG2) qdH fCG SGqH11(- 2

    GqdG CG3) qdH fCG SGqH11(

    SdG SG

    840 X 1188 A0

    594 X 840 A1

    420 X 594 A2

    297 X 420 A3

    210 X 297 A4

    840

    420

    210

    A1

    A2

    A3

    A4

    A0

    297

    594

    1188

    Me SqdG G SG

    qe S qN

    qe bQ qN

    qe bQ qN

    fl bQ qN

    Jqe hj qdG qG S

    bqdG G S

    = qG W2jJ = qG H dG1jJ

    = jdG qG W10.j =qG H dG1jJ

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    102/168

    102

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 3qdGqdG CG4) qdH fCG SGqH112(

    :qqdG SqdG oroJ

    *= qS e) G Sd jhe S qdG Sb j eY M qH1:1(*= qS e) G SdG e cCG SqdG Sb j eY J qH2:1(*= qS e) G SdG e UCG SqdG Sb j eY J qH1: 5(

    = IQqdG SQ qS120 :1200)SqdG Sb[120)G SdG Y (1200](1 :10=12 :120

    IY Y MGh CGbCGh SqdG fH hL cCG- 4: SqdG jW eQh fdG hL

    nGh SqdG FN H H sVoJ mfH hH aojh QWEG NGO SqdG ooj) qdH dG qdG d eqdG S qdG : e) Sf dG100.((

    = qS1 : 10

    bQdG W

    SqdG qS G SG

    SqdG jW eQ

    dGqdG dG

    SqdG QWEG G f qe

    fqh

    G

    fd

    GhL

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    103/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 103

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    (lQe) OHCG KK lSQ qaGZJa IQU

    E F

    A B

    D C

    G

    - 5: OHCG KqdG S qdG.SCGh MCG qK OHCG KqdG S qdGh IQqdG qeCJCG

    1(QTe T) jdG Y -

    : MCGOHCG KdG SqdG Rj3.dG e Lh

    : eeCG LdG.qjOYh qaCG qG SdH npSoQ dG LdG: qG S oQh G SdH jOdG qG npSoQjhGR f qe G dG e UCG H FG45.qaCG G e LQO

    dG LdG: qG SQh G SdH aCG qG SQFGjhGR f qe G dG e UCG H45.qaCG G e LQO

    (ABCD)

    (BFGC)

    (EFBA)

    16

    53

    37

    45

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    104/168

    104

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    2(GSCG T) qdGe -

    MCG) qG dG Lh OHCG KdG SqdG Rj :1) GSCG ofLh (2,() eeCG LdG(.qG SdH SoQ :) fG: (.aCG qG e qe jhGR f qe G qdG e UCG H SoQ

    3: SCG -

    :j j OHCG KdG SqdG jH MCG SdCG-(XqdG e)qdG Ge j CG j M dG a RJ SQ RE :

    dP qoa jOY SCG EG hCG YCG EGh aCG Ij hCG SdG Y LQN XqdG:qdG hG eqf f gqJG HQCG

    (lQe) OHCG KK lSQ qaGZJa IQU

    2

    1

    fGSCG G RGe eqdG qdG G

    dG dG

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    SQdG - ShQdG c11 105

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    fGSCG G RGe eqdG qdG G

    qdG dG

    dG QdG

    qdG QdG

    -: eeCG LdGSqdG H CGf dG LdG g -

    .G H Sjh JSb qJ --: IYG LhCG: dG fGL qJ dG LhCG gh

    . qG JSH SJ qjOdG VCG qc -.jRGe H Sjh qj dG VCG RGJ -

    .qG SdG e qbCG SH jRGe FG G SoJ -

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    106/168

    106

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    : f YGdG g GM:G GrprSG jhGR - fL Ld FG G c qfJ dG jhGdG gh

    IOY J).SqdG030hCG045hCG060(aCG qG e

    G GSG eY -dG OdG gh : (FG G GWCG J eY hCG)f H) SqdG FG G Sb Y d VCG OHCG HfjJ G dG rKh. (0,7 > K > 0,5)

    (K)

    : e: qe qdG Y SQV c W9.He

    1Gh eeCG LdG -(ABCD)h(EFGH)

    .qJ qM JSb2-fG LhCG

    (BFGC - AEFB)

    (AEHD - DHGC)

    SQ a FG G.qG OHCG e UCG GWCH

    e qbCG)9(qHe

    AB

    CD

    G

    FE

    H

    Ye fL Lh

    Fe qN

    G GSG jhGR

    L eeCG Lh

    aCG yN

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    SQdG - ShQdG c11 107

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    :MedqdG dG iMEG qf CG SQh FG G jGhR jdf -.jGhdG eqf -.qdG qHe

    f -Sch IG)060(

    f -Sch IG)045(

    4-oCGqdG5h) qdH fCG SGqH12h13(

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    108

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 6.bGGh dG GhOCG1-LqQG IG

    .qG H hCG qH LqQe qjOY b IGOCG IG

    HEG Yj CG .SdG j Y

    qdG cT qL qJG.qdG Y dG hCG

    2-dGdG dG

    (CGdGdG dG J

    .(dP e qbO cCHh e qG oH )qbH GWCG d IGOCG g dGqdG dG

    qdG ZH e

    qfQhLqQeIe

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    SQdG - ShQdG c11 109

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c11

    SG jW (qfQdG rpUh IG rpU H SdG CGfh qdG H b jf dG dG toJ

    ? dGqdG dH bCG GPe (b e NGqdG eh ; qdG b e QG e OHCG b e q dGqdG odG

    .qdG b b hCG dG(G b) qdG b IG Y b

    (qdG b) NGO b

    dG

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    110/168

    110

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    qfQdG (O.qG e qbCH LqQe a qfQdG qeCG qH LqQe dGdG dG Ie

    ? SdG CGbCG c:e

    : IG Y qfQdG U b CGbCG -3qe

    j dG qG qfQdG Y qJCG -.IG N iMEH

    H fQdG Y LQdG OY MCG -: IG qH j dG qGh dG

    4LQO: SdG CGbCG -3Ua4) 4^3(

    ?SdG qU e qcCJCG cqfQdG qN j -(d)

    IG qH(b)

    -H(a)h(b)= W7.qe H -)(c))h(d)4: dG (LQO

    -= SdG j(ab) - (cd)

    -= jdG H dG4^3qe

    0,9 x 4 = 3,6 mm

    7 - 3,6 = 3,4 mm

    qfQh10/1qfQdG W9EG qe qe10e AL qc W a je AGLCG

    10/9)qe9^0(qe

    Ie

    fQh

    ba

    c d

    m

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    111/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 111

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    : qdY qbH dGR b (`gfQH dGR b50/1

    :bQ dGR b

    qdG CG (h7qdH fCG SGqH)115(3-jGhqdG e(CG.MCG qe H jGh qdG d IGOCG g jGhqdG e : J

    Qe IFGO f

    dG ZHIe

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    112

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    jGhqdG GNBG Yf

    SG qc (

    1 2

    ) qdG H jGh qdG1h (dG)2(=45LQO

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    113/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 113

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    iG IqG G RGe

    dG FG qdG qdG

    - 7qjQTG TCd OHCG KqdG SqdG1-:dG qjQTG TCG H

    2-qdG CGqdH fCG SGqH)116(.3i qG QdG K -

    .bQdG Y qdG e G Sf -.dH Y fh qdG e IG f -

    f K bQdG e qG fG qf -

    .IG fL e d Y

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    114/168

    114

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    4-G RG OHCG KqdG SqdG REG MGe

    A

    B

    C

    D

    G

    F

    E

    H

    = dG55qe= VdG40qe= qdG20qe

    = `dGAD= V`dGAB= ````qdGAE

    .G Sb YCG 1

    SqdG GhOCGh dG OdG

    G e QNCGeeCG LdG

    : OHCG KdG Sqd(S aCG j CG Y)

    2

    eeCG LdG SQCGABCD

    =W55=VY40GhOCGbh IG :

    UUqdG

    3

    A

    B C

    D

    A

    B C

    D

    AD

    ABCD

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    SQdG - ShQdG c11 115

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    SqdG GhOCGh dG OdG

    GdG G QNC

    dG QdGeYh jhGHGSG

    : FG G SQCGAE - BF - CGqN H

    .qdG qHe e jb

    :GhOCGbh Ie.qdG Heh UUqdG

    FG G SQCG hCGqSdG GhOCG SH

    :GhOCGIeSch45LQO

    .UqUdG bh

    5

    G GWCG HQCGqjOYh qaCG

    EF - FG:GhOCGbh Ie

    .UUkdGOHCG KdG SqdG fG

    6

    0,7 x 20 = 14 mm

    K = 0,7

    45

    A

    B C

    D

    GF

    E

    A

    B C

    D

    GF

    E

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    116

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    J j

    Qe IQU qfKK SQ qdG Y CGUH QG Gd OHCG

    :ddG: Sqd eeCG LdG -

    .qdG GdG qJG -

    -= SqdG qS -

    SqdG REG MGe-1-

    SdH dG M SH CGf -: LQG

    (qdG) * (G OHCG) = SqdG OHCGRGee

    eeCG LdG SQCG -= W40

    = JQG60

    FG G SQCG -: W7,0*80=56= dG56

    : SCG -Sch IG

    . FG G GWCG HQCG -

    K = 0,71:10

    450

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    117/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 117

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG -2-

    : jdG H SQCG -MC aMCS dG AG

    IqM Y:FG G

    dh = cg = bf = ae

    = G W

    -3-IFGqdG G MCG -

    dG AG jL e SQCG -fK IqM Y MC aMCS

    :FG G = W

    20 = (od)

    17,5

    25 x 0,7 = 17,5

    17,5

    20 = (hm)

    0

    h

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    118/168

    118

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    -4-IFGdG G MCG -jdG jCGG jL e SQCG -

    T Y MC aMCS

    :FG G

    = W7

    -5-IFGdG G MCG -

    KdG SqdG Y MCG -Qd FdG OHCG

    S H SQ YCG -

    dt = av = 10 x 0,7 = 7

    5 = (au) = (sd)

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    119/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 119

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    4-fCG CG12 - 11 - 10 - 9) qdG e jGH fCG SGqH122(

    qdG AqdG fGSCG

    QfG hG qdG

    - 8qfGSCG TCd OHCG KdG SqdG1-:dG qfGSCG TCG oH

    2qdG CG13qdH fCG SGqH)137(3.fGSCd OHCG KdG SqdG REG MGe

    ```W

    ````b

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    120/168

    120

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    SqdG GhOCGh dG bdG

    = dG30qe

    = dG60qe:qdc SdG YCG 1

    Lc fGSCG Lh QNCG.OHCG KdG Sqd eeCG

    2

    G:eeCG LdG SQC= H IFGO15

    QcdG :GhOCGUUqdG bh

    3

    jhGH (dG dG)030hK = 0,7. jhGRh FG G qJG QNCG:GSEG eYh GSG 4

    fGSCG Qfi SQCG

    bfGce e jhGH IFGqdG30HhUCG qdG K hj

    5( O1 O2 )

    40 = ( 2/3 ) X 60O1

    O2

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    121/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 121

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG :GhOCG

    Ie -QcH -UUqdG b -

    Sc -060

    6

    G LdG SQCGbQ qH fGSCd

    H IFGO)15(:GhOCGQcH

    UUqdG bh

    7

    fGSCG fL SQCGSe qH

    .JFGdG e:SdG f

    bhIe :GhOCGSch UUqdG060

    8

    ( ) (ab)( ) (cd)

    O1

    O2

    O1

    O2

    O1 O2O1 O2

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    122

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    e FG AG SQCGS qHfGSCG

    GAG fiCGh qe. qe bQ H SQCG hCG

    :GhOCG-

    QcH -.UUqdG b -

    SqdG fGOHCG KdG

    9

    J jH M IQU qf

    KK SQ dG Y CGUH G d OHCG

    :ddG:Sqd eeCG LdG -

    .qdG G

    dG qJG -0

    60

    -= SqdG qS -2:1.

    SqdG REG MGe- 1 -

    SdH fGSCG SQCG -

    .d LQG= SqdG OHCG(qdG) * (G OHCG)

    eeCG LdG -= b40

    ``H Fe :fGSCG Qfi -060W

    K = 0,7

    O1 O2 = 40 x 0,7 = 28

    28 = (O1 O2)

    O2

    O1

    60

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    123/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 123

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    - 2 -

    e S dG AG SQCG -Y qhCG T gh fGSCG

    Sqd eeCG LdG qdG

    qdH qKCJ jhGqdG`H T SQCGc IFGO - = b

    c fK IFGO -

    b40

    -3-H IFGdG G MCG qhCG qdG SQ

    Y dG qdG SQCG -:d G LdG

    c IFGO -= b30

    c fK IFGO -b40

    (450 x 10)

    30

    10 x (1 : 2) = 5

    450 x 5

    (O1 O3) = 5 X 0,7 = 3,5

    3,5 = (O4 O2)

    (O4 O2) = 5 x 0,7 = 3,5

    (O4)

    O2

    O3O1

    O2

    (O2)

    O4

    O1

    O3

    3,5 = (O1 O2)

    O3

    O1

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    124

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 4 -

    H IFGdG G MCGqdG dG SQ

    VCG Sf CG )(qe H qG

    dG NCG AG SQCGK : dG e S

    SQCG e qdG SQCG

    ( )h( )H fGSCG

    - 5 -

    IFGdG G MCG.qdG SQ H

    :FdG OHCG KdG SqdGRGHEG hH OHCG KK SQ

    .qG VCG

    4-fCG CG16 - 15 - 14) qdG e jGH fCG SGqH139(

    O2

    O4

    O1

    O1

    O3

    O2

    O1

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    125/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 125

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG QG

    : e QG j1-dG2-OGqG3-G4-(IqdG)QG

    g Y IqdG cJ Y

    qLe fSCG J QG.eCG EG

    dG qYHdG eH dG qJ -

    .dG Ie Y

    dG dH G eCG -idG dH dG eCG -EG Le QG SCG -

    .eCGOqG H QG VCG -

    .dqbfG cH dG qj -

    QG aO H e.dG Y qLh.a eCG EG aO Y b QG Y VCG -

    1

    3

    2

    4

    - 9hdG QH dG

    OG d QGIG ee

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    126/168

    126

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 10.``````````qdG1-```````````````````G :dG IGOCG

    hM i

    jqdGG

    G SCGQH G L qj

    fhG jqGG L

    Wb qM

    hM i

    SCGdG

    OG e

    fSG e

    G e

    2G GfCG -

  • 7/30/2019 cours 7B

    127/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 127

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    3.qdG ````````````dBG -

    qfi

    b

    IcQ

    e

    e

    ee

    H dBG Y G GQhO YS qJ.JdG Y qdG qVh

    IH

    S

    G

    G

    Gh G

    eG

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    128/168

    128

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    dG qdG dBG G IdG qdG dBG eM G IdG qdG dBG

    5-: qdG qYqdG REG MGe

    1dG (

    CG-SdG) qdG e jA

    ( .qdG cTh IG SH(SH qdG e ( qhCG N) SQ

    .qdG cTh SdG(dH dG e SQ EG

    .jdG H dG e dG fd

    dG cT

    LqQe Ie

    AZ hP Sc

  • 7/30/2019 cours 7B

    129/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 129

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    2dG (SG G G Vh (CG

    .dG S e Gee

    bH G V (3.eH dG J (4M SG G QNG (

    dG qdG bh dG IOe.S

    5.H G J (6

    .HdG J (7.SG G qdG REG (G fGQhO AKCG G jj -

    H eqJ Hh b IFGO .e HK dG qJ

    dG cM -(Mc)cM qgG H j qfGQhO

    qjdG cM -(Ma)cM g.G qJ

    e

    be

    6-:jG YGb

    e qc fh dG c eRdG GhOCG qf -.QGH eh dBG GN j CG

    .H e OLh Y e qdG -.d qG qdG e qcCdG -.d qG qdG e qcCdG -

    .qdG AKCG dH G -

    .VdG HG AGJQG qf -.dG HQ AGJQG qf -

    .je hH jdG dG qf -

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    130

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 11.OGG e jbdGh jG FSh H

    1jdG j :GRdG -2SCGqdG j :IPoN -

    3dG j :GQqf -4dG RL j :J Ie -

    5GWCGh G j:dG Ac -6jG FSh SG :e -

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    131/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 131

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    ve fU ZH

    be IcQ lnrpe

    - 12.fl TC OHCG KdG SqdG1-.fGSCGh jQTe H qcG TCG H

    - 13.J jQbQ jdG1

    fe d IQU qfKK SQ dG Y CG

    UH dG d OHCG

    :ddGG :Sqd eeCG LdG -.qdG

    dG qJG -060--= SqdG qS1:1.

    K = 0,7

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    132

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    -1-

    G RGe SQCG -

    d qLQG SdHeeCG LdG SQCG -= W80

    = JQG40FG G SQCG -

    : W= dG14

    :SCG -Sch IG060

    G GWCG HQCG -FG

    -2-jCG fG Y IqG SQCG

    20 x 0,7 = 14

    SqdG REG MGe

    60

  • 7/30/2019 cours 7B

    133/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 133

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    - 3 -

    H IFGqdG G MCG -hCG I qG SQ

    Y fdG IqG SQCGCG fG

    -4-H IFGqdG G MCG -

    fqdG I qG SQIFGqdG ce OqMCG -( )

    G( )

    ``H Fe0

    60

    = W14IFGqdG ce OqMCG -( )

    -JFGqdG SQCGO2

    O2O1

    O1

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    134

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    - 5 -e G AG MCG -

    dGfG Y qdG SQCG -

    jCG

    10 = (ma1)

    -6-H IFGqdG G MCG -

    qhCG qdG SQfG Y qdG SQCG -

    qdG Sb H CG qhCG

    10 = (ma2)

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    135/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 135

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG - 7 -

    H IFGqdG G MCG -qdG qdG SQ

    fG Y G SQCG -:qdG

    )15fL qc e

    (XdG dH

    30 = (uv)

    -8-IFGqdG G MCG -

    .S H SqdG YCG -

    .d FqdG SqdG

    (vg) = (ug)g

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    136

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    bQ jdG2fGSCG d IQU qf

    SQ dG Y CGdG d OHCG KKUH fGSCG

    :ddG:Sqd eeCG LdG -

    .qdG G

    dG qJG -0

    45

    --= SqdG qS1:1.

    -1-SdH fGSCG SQCG

    :d LQGW -

    `H Fe045= JFGqdG b -30

    K = 0,7

    (O1O2)

    80 X 0,7 = 56

    56 = (O1O2)

    45

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    137/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 137

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    - 2 -

    IFGqdG G MCG - qhCG SqdH

    :AdG SQCG -W

    c -

    H IFG30H fK IFGO20

    c -(O2)H IFGO20

    e Se qN -H JFGqdG20

    -3-

    eeCG LdG Y iG SQCG:fGSCd``H GYeh jRGe N -5

    IFGqdG e Wj(ab)h(dc)qjOY SCG eh YCG e

    ``d dHcG(O4)iG H Lj qdG

    e bfG FG G SQCG -

    ahbhchd-H IFGqdG SQCG30c

    FG H IFGqdG WJG SQCG -(ef)b qJCGh.SqdG Y iG

    (O1O2)

    (O1O4)

    15 X 0,7 = 10,5

    10,5 = (O1O3)

    5 X 0,7 = 3,5

    3,5 = (O1O4)

    03

    2,5

    O1

    O4

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    138

    ``````G`````SdH``````U

    GdG

    SQdG - ShQdG c1

    -4-IFGqdG G MCG -

    S H SqdG YEG -

    -5-d OHCG KqdG S qdG

    2-fCG CG17h18h19h20) qdG e jGH fCG SGqH147(

  • 7/30/2019 cours 7B

    139/168

    SQdG - ShQdG c11 139

    ``````G`````SdH``````UGdG

    qe YGb EG J dG H UGJ Sh g dG SqdG

    .Y Y:qdG SqdG GfCG qgCG e.OHCG KdG SqdG -

    qG SqdG -eqdG SqdG -

    .jqdG SqdG -

    dG e (LhCG KK) fGL KK OHCG KdG SqdG qj. f gG HQCH XqdG e M

    dG dG -qdG dG -dG QdG -

    qdG QdG -.qM SH SJ a qG LdG: Me

    J qH OjEG e SG SH Q qqdG f qe.Yf c e qdBG SqdH

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    : G dG.qSdG GhOCG e SGqc Y qG dG SqdG CG

    ( K )

    ( S )

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    159/168

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    167/168

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    1

    9 - 8 - 7

    1986

    1986

    108901 - 108801 - 108701

    P.SERRE et J.J.SCHMIDT

    EDITION ROUDIL

    LA DEMARCHE DE PROJET INDUSTRIEL, par I. RAK et C.TEIXIDO. Edition

    FOUCHER.

    - Technologie niveau2 : un projet technique: un minuteur. Edition FOUCHER.

    - Cours de dessin industriel par R.MACHERET Tome2. Edition DUNOD.

    - GUIDE INTERACTIF des sciences et technologie industrielles, par Jean-louis FANCHON - NATAN/HER 1999

    - Fabrications mcaniques (Technologie2, par R.BUTIN et M.PINOT). Edition FOUCHER - 1981

    - Guide de dessinateur. Par A. Chevalier

    - Catalogue PIERRON.

    - Catalogue JEULIN.

    - Livre Dessin Technique (Electricit).

    -: FKdGh dGLGGh QOG

    : dG - 2

    : ffG T Y bGG - 3

    - Encarta 2006 Encyclopdie- LOGICIEL Corel Draw.12 Fr

    - Logiciel CLIPARTS

    - Logiciel Fecl 3

    - Logiciel COREL PRINT HOUSE (CD)

    - http://www.fr.bestgraph.com- http://www.crocodileclip.com

    - http://www.nooraelectronic.com

    - http://www.nowah.net

    - http://www.ar.wikipedia.org

    - http://www.perso.wanadoo.fr/nvogl/dossiers/index.htm

    - http://www.mathsgeo.net

    - http://www.galiana.free.fr

    - http://www.valenciennes.fr

    - http://www.wikipedia.org

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    SdGqdG GdG QG IqG GgCG

    eqGSGqc SCG c1-LdqdG G -1-

    LdqdG

    G Y qdGLdqdG

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    4-LG Y rdG-2-

    LG Y qdG ne EG LG Y qdG

    eG FXh j5G -XdG qd -3

    -eG FXh

    6-G OGG-4-

    G OGG G OGG EG qqdG

    7-J RL qqdG qqdG Xh EG qqdG

    3

    4

    5

    11

    17

    27

    33

    41

    55


PET Пищевая Жесткая пленка - Luigi Bandera › wp-content › uploads › pure_rs.pdf5 4 7A 8 9 11 7B 4 Bandera HVTSE® L/D 52 PET флекс на Входе Bandera

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Baies et vitrages Liste des entreprises titulaires du ... · fr-13014 marseille 4664-105-101 6/11-1959*01add 6/11-1959 105-101 tramontane - mistral f, pf a*3 e*7b v*a2 a*3 e*7b v*a3

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