Polsci Lec 1

7/28/2019 Polsci Lec 1

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PolSci

Lecture 1:

The study of

Political Science


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Political Science

Systematic study of state and government

PoliticalGreek wordpolisCity or sovereign state

ScienceLatin word scire

to know


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Scope of Political Science

Political Theory

Entire body of doctrinerelating to the origin, form, behaviourand purpose of the state


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Public Law

Organization of government limitation of government authority powers and duties ofgovernment offices and officers

obligation of one state to another


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Public AdministrationMethods & techniques

used in the

actual management of state affairsby the different

branches of government


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Why should a student study Political Science

Education for citizenship

Teaching g the studentstheir obligation as a citizens of the

country

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Essential partof liberal education

eternal vigilance is the price ofliberty

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Knowledge & understandingofgovernment

A good citizen mustknow the answer to the following:

how the government operates;

interest & forces behind policies;result of the policies; rights & obligation

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Concepts of

State and Government


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State

A community ofpersons more or less numerous

permanently occupyinga definite portion of territory


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People

Elements of State

Mass of population living within the state

No requirement as to the numbernot be too small or too large

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Territory

Land jurisdiction of the State

Territorial domain Aerial domain

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rule or to govern

Refers to the agency through whichthe will of the state is formulated,

expresses and carried out.

Government3


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Supreme power of the state

to command and enforce obediencefrom people within jurisdiction

Sovereignty4


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2 manifestation: Internal: within its territory External: without subject to or

control by other state

(independence)


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Origin of State

State is a divine creation

Rulers is obtained by Godto govern the people

Divine Right Theory


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State is created through force

Great warriors imposing into the weak

Necessity or force theory


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Enlargement of the familywhich remained under the authority

of the father or mother

Paternalistic


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family clan

tribenation

State


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State is formed bydeliberate & voluntary compact

among people to form asociety and organize government

for their common good

Social Contract Theory


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StatePolitical concept

NationGroup of people bound together

by characteristic (people)

vs.


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State

Subject to externalcontrol

NationMay or may not be independentof external control

vs.


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State

May consist of 1 or more nation

NationMade up of several State

vs.


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Statecannot exist

withouta government

butit is possible to have a government

withoutState


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Agovernment may change (form)but the state as long as its

essential elements

are present, remains the same


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Purpose & necessity of government

It should exist & continue to existfor the benefit of the people

governed.

Advancement of the

public welfare

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Without an organized structurethere would be anarchy & disorder.

Feeling of fear & insecurity

Progress & development will not bepossible

Consequence of absence2


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Forms of government

As to number of person exercisingsovereign powers


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Supreme & final authority is in thehands of a single person

Absolute: ruler rules by divine right

Limited: ruler rules in accordance

with a constitution

Monarchy


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Political powers is exercised by

a few privileged class

Aristocracy


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Political power is exercised by

majority of the people Direct or pure

Indirect, representative or

republican

Democracy


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Forms of governmentAs to extent of powers

exercised by thecentral or national government


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Control of the national & local affairs

is exercised bythe central or national government

Unitary government


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The powers of government are dividedbetween two sets of organs

National affairs and Local affairs

Federal government


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Forms of governmentAs to the relationship

between theexecutive & legislative branches

of government


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The state confers uponlegislature the power to terminate

the tenure of office of the real executive.

Parliamentary government


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The state makes theexecutive constitutionally

independent

Presidential government


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PhilippinesRepresentative democracy ,

Unitary & presidential government

with separations of power

Some aspects of pure democracy:initiative and referendum

Polsci Lec 1

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