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Pesticides in Nursery Runoff and Mitigation€¦ · Flow Rate Observations ¾Flumes + sensors ideal...
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Pesticides in Nursery Runoff Pesticides in Nursery Runoff and Mitigation and Mitigation (A 319h grant) (A 319h grant) 1 1 J. Gan, W.J. Lao, F. Ernst, L. Wu J. Gan, W.J. Lao, F. Ernst, L. Wu 2 2 D. Haver, J. Kabashima D. Haver, J. Kabashima 3 3 K. Gilbert, J. Newman, B. Faber K. Gilbert, J. Newman, B. Faber 1 1 UC Riverside UC Riverside 2 2 UCCE Orange County UCCE Orange County 3 3 UCCE Ventura County UCCE Ventura County
Transcript of Pesticides in Nursery Runoff and Mitigation€¦ · Flow Rate Observations ¾Flumes + sensors ideal...
Pesticides in Nursery Runoff Pesticides in Nursery Runoff and Mitigationand Mitigation
(A 319h grant)(A 319h grant)
11J. Gan, W.J. Lao, F. Ernst, L. Wu J. Gan, W.J. Lao, F. Ernst, L. Wu 22D. Haver, J. KabashimaD. Haver, J. Kabashima
33K. Gilbert, J. Newman, B. FaberK. Gilbert, J. Newman, B. Faber
11UC RiversideUC Riverside22UCCE Orange CountyUCCE Orange County33UCCE Ventura CountyUCCE Ventura County
OutlineOutline
Dry weather runoffDry weather runoffStormwater runoffStormwater runoffMitigation practicesMitigation practices
A MultiA Multi--billion Industrybillion Industry
Source: H. Carmen, 2005
A Large Commercial NurseryA Large Commercial Nursery
Dry Weather RunoffDry Weather Runoff
Inflow Rate MeasurementInflow Rate Measurement
Outflow Rate MeasurementOutflow Rate Measurement
Daily Inflow and Outflow RatesDaily Inflow and Outflow Rates(Gallons/day)(Gallons/day)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
5/28/2005
6/17/2005
7/7/2005
7/27/2005
8/16/2005
9/5/2005
9/25/2005
10/15/2005
11/4/2005
11/24/2005
12/14/2005
1/3/2006
1/23/2006
2/12/2006
3/4/2006
3/24/2006
4/13/2006
5/3/2006
Date
Gal
lons
/day
InflowDischarge
Flow Rate ObservationsFlow Rate ObservationsFlumes + sensors ideal for dry weather runoff monitoringFlumes + sensors ideal for dry weather runoff monitoringDaily inflow rate > outflow rateDaily inflow rate > outflow rateJuly 8, 2005 July 8, 2005 -- Mar. 28, 2006Mar. 28, 2006
2.93 million gallons outflow volume2.93 million gallons outflow volume4.47 million gallons inflow volume4.47 million gallons inflow volumeOutput = 65% inputOutput = 65% inputThe nursery served as a sink under dry weather conditionsThe nursery served as a sink under dry weather conditions
Reduced runoffReduced runoffImproved irrigation practicesImproved irrigation practicesOnOn--site retentionsite retention
•• Reuse of retained waterReuse of retained water•• PercolationPercolation•• EvaporationEvaporation
Water Retention and ReuseWater Retention and Reuse
Bifenthrin Concentrations in RunoffBifenthrin Concentrations in Runoff(ppb, (ppb, µµg/Lg/L))
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
6/23/2
005
6/23/2
005
7/7/20
057/7
/2005
7/14/2
005
7/14/2
005
7/20/2
005
8/3/20
058/1
1/200
58/1
9/200
58/2
4/200
59/2
/2005
9/9/20
059/1
9/200
59/2
3/200
59/2
9/200
510
/7/20
05
10/13
/2005
10/24
/2005
11/4/
2005
11/10
/2005
11/18
/2005
11/23
/2005
12/2/
2005
12/7/
2005
12/15
/2005
12/22
/2005
12/30
/2005
1/4/20
061/1
2/200
61/2
0/200
61/2
6/200
62/2
/2006
2/9/20
062/1
7/200
62/2
3/200
63/2
/2006
3/10/2
006
3/15/2
006
3/23/2
006
3/29/2
006
4/6/20
06
Date
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L
)
InflowDischarge
Weekly Dry Weather Bifenthrin RunoffWeekly Dry Weather Bifenthrin Runoff(mg)(mg)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
7/19/2
005
8/2/20
058/1
0/200
58/1
8/200
58/2
4/200
59/1
/2005
9/8/20
059/1
8/200
59/1
2/200
59/2
8/200
510
/6/20
0510
/13/20
0510
/18/20
0510
/24/20
0511
/4/20
0511
/10/20
0511
/18/20
0511
/23/20
0512
/2/20
0512
/7/20
05
Date
mg
InflowDischarge
Pesticide Loads ObservationPesticide Loads Observation
No OP was detectedNo OP was detectedPyrethroids were frequently detectedPyrethroids were frequently detected
Bifenthrin always detectedBifenthrin always detectedFenpropathrin, Fenpropathrin, cyhalothrincyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and , cyfluthrin, and deltamethrin sometimes detecteddeltamethrin sometimes detected
Bifenthrin concentrations higher in outflow than Bifenthrin concentrations higher in outflow than in inflowin inflow
The nursery is a net exporter of bifenthrinThe nursery is a net exporter of bifenthrinBifenthrin is used for RIFA controlBifenthrin is used for RIFA controlBifenthrin is always present in potting mix Bifenthrin is always present in potting mix
Pesticide Loads ObservationPesticide Loads Observation
Bifenthrin concentrations decreased substantially Bifenthrin concentrations decreased substantially during the projectduring the projectDaily bifenthrin load reduction: 98.7%Daily bifenthrin load reduction: 98.7%
Daily bifenthrin load with mitigation = 2.06 mg/dayDaily bifenthrin load with mitigation = 2.06 mg/dayDaily bifenthrin load without mitigation = 163.4 mg/day Daily bifenthrin load without mitigation = 163.4 mg/day
Causes for reduction:Causes for reduction:Reduction in outflow rateReduction in outflow rateReduction in pesticide concentrationReduction in pesticide concentration
•• OnOn--site retentionsite retentionSettling of loose particlesSettling of loose particlesAdsorption to sedimentAdsorption to sedimentInIn--situ degradation
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Raw Retained
RawRetained
situ degradation
Stormwater RunoffStormwater Runoff
Stormwater Runoff OutflowStormwater Runoff Outflow
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
9000000
10000000
5/28/2005
6/17/2005
7/7/2005
7/27/2005
8/16/2005
9/5/2005
9/25/2005
10/15/2005
11/4/2005
11/24/2005
12/14/2005
1/3/2006
1/23/2006
2/12/2006
3/4/2006
3/24/2006
4/13/2006
5/3/2006
Date
Gal
lons
/day
InflowDischarge
Flow Rate ObservationsFlow Rate ObservationsLarge flumes needed for storm flow monitoringLarge flumes needed for storm flow monitoringStorm runoff overwhelms dry weather runoffStorm runoff overwhelms dry weather runoffJuly 8July 8--March 31:March 31:
Dry weather total output: Dry weather total output: 4.1 million gallons4.1 million gallonsStorm total output: Storm total output: 41.4 million gallons41.4 million gallonsStorm runoff: Storm runoff: 90.9% of total output90.9% of total outputDry weather runoff: Dry weather runoff: 9.1% of total output9.1% of total output
Bifenthrin in RunoffBifenthrin in Runoff(ppb, (ppb, µµg/L)g/L)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
6/23/2
005
6/23/2
005
7/7/20
057/7
/2005
7/14/2
005
7/14/2
005
7/20/2
005
8/3/20
058/1
1/200
58/1
9/200
58/2
4/200
59/2
/2005
9/9/20
059/1
9/200
59/2
3/200
59/2
9/200
510
/7/20
05
10/13
/2005
10/24
/2005
11/4/
2005
11/10
/2005
11/18
/2005
11/23
/2005
12/2/
2005
12/7/
2005
12/15
/2005
12/22
/2005
12/30
/2005
1/4/20
061/1
2/200
61/2
0/200
61/2
6/200
62/2
/2006
2/9/20
062/1
7/200
62/2
3/200
63/2
/2006
3/10/2
006
3/15/2
006
3/23/2
006
3/29/2
006
4/6/20
06
Date
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L
)
InflowDischarge
Weakly Bifenthrin Runoff at Outlet 2 Weakly Bifenthrin Runoff at Outlet 2 (mg)(mg)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
7/19/2
005
8/2/20
058/1
0/200
58/1
8/200
58/2
4/200
59/1
/2005
9/8/20
059/1
8/200
59/1
2/200
59/2
8/200
510
/6/20
0510
/13/20
0510
/18/20
0510
/24/20
0511
/4/20
0511
/10/20
0511
/18/20
0511
/23/20
0512
/2/20
0512
/7/20
0512
/15/20
0512
/22/20
0512
/30/20
051/4
/2006
1/12/2
006
1/20/2
006
1/26/2
006
2/2/20
062/9
/2006
2/17/2
006
2/23/2
006
3/2/20
063/1
0/200
63/1
5/200
63/2
3/200
63/2
9/200
64/6
/2006
Date
mg
InflowDischarge
Pesticide Loads ObservationPesticide Loads Observation
Bifenthrin concentrations in storm runoff were higher Bifenthrin concentrations in storm runoff were higher than in dry weather runoffthan in dry weather runoffBifenthrin loads in storm runoff overwhelms dry Bifenthrin loads in storm runoff overwhelms dry weather runoffweather runoffJuly 8July 8--March 31:March 31:
Total dry weather export: Total dry weather export: 2,104 mg2,104 mgTotal storm export: Total storm export: 67,029 mg67,029 mgStorm runoff loads: Storm runoff loads: 97% of total export97% of total export
Storm runoff features:Storm runoff features:High initial concentrationsHigh initial concentrations
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0min 40min 7h
Mitigation PracticesMitigation PracticesIrrigation RunoffIrrigation Runoff
Easy to manageEasy to manageEfficient irrigation practicesEfficient irrigation practicesRetentionRetention
Retention of particles and organic matterRetention of particles and organic matterPercolationPercolationEvaporationEvaporationNatural degradationNatural degradationReuse of retained waterReuse of retained water
Loose potting mix managementLoose potting mix managementVegetative filters in ditchesVegetative filters in ditchesCoir filters?Coir filters?
Mitigation PracticesMitigation PracticesStorm RunoffStorm Runoff
(Extremely) difficult to manage(Extremely) difficult to manageCatch and retain runoff from small stormsCatch and retain runoff from small storms
““First flushFirst flush””
PrePre--storm preparation:storm preparation:Loose potting mix managementLoose potting mix managementContainers away from ditches?Containers away from ditches?Clean up ditchesClean up ditchesMinimize pesticide use in winter monthsMinimize pesticide use in winter monthsAlternative pesticides in winter monthsAlternative pesticides in winter months
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0min 40min 7h
AcknowledgementAcknowledgementThe noThe no--name nurseryname nurseryEPA 319(h) programEPA 319(h) programSanta Ana RWQCB Santa Ana RWQCB
(Doug (Doug ShibberuShibberu))
CA Department of Pesticide RegulationCA Department of Pesticide Regulation(PUR databases)(PUR databases)
