313Fe2(MoO4)3*7H2O .see () As2S3As4S3FeAs2AsAsSFe3(AsO4)2*H2OFeAsO4*2H2OCu3AsS4N03- S s203 " . N03 " - S . - .N03 " - . . N3- s203 . N03- .N03 - .I- .I- ; N3- . N03- .Na ' ()NaAlSi3O8Na(AlSi2O6)*H2ONa3(MgFe)4(FeAl)(Si4O11)2/(OHFe)2NaCINa6Ca(AlSiO4)6(SO4)Na2Ca(SO4)2Na2(MgFe)3Al2(Si4O11)2(OHF)2(CaNa2K2)Al2Si6O166H2ONaAL(Si2O6)Na2SO4*10H2ONaNO3Na2(Al2Si3O10)*2H2ONa2CO3*10H2ONa8(AlSiO4)6Cl2Na2SO4NaFe(SiO3)2 .l- . . .l- b2S .l- . . . . l-. . .l- . . l . l- . . .SnSnO2Cu2FeSnS4 . () ()- .N03- S .HgHg2Cl2HgSHgTeHgSb4S7 - . . 2S N2S . . .PbTePbSO4Pb5Sb4S11 .N03- . 25%- Nl (5 /) Fe13- 25%- N1 (60 /) . 20%- - N 20%- 1- (). 1- . N03 ' N1 F13, .CuPbSnS3PbSPb4FeSb6S14PbSeCuCrO4Pb5(AsO4)3ClPb5(PO4)3ClPbWO4PbCO3N03- . 1 N3- . 2S04, F13 F13 25%- N1 (6/) .1- 2S 12- . N03- ; 2S04- . 1- .2S04- S04- ,N03, 1 - . . 2W04 . N03 , 1 10%- 3- .SePbSeAg2Se . .AgAg2SAg2TeAg3SbAgCl(CuAg)AsSAgBiS2Ag2SeAg3SbS3Ag3AsS3Ag16Sb2S11AgAg5SbS4Ag2SeCu2Se . . Sb203- . .N03-.N3- . . . N03- . . .N03- . . .SrSrCO3SrSO4 . S04- .Sb Sb2S3Sb2O32Sb2S3Sb2O3 2S .N03- . S203 .1- 2S .Ti1TiO2TiO2FeTi3CaTiO3TiO2CaTiSiO5 N203- N03- . . 2S04, S04- . . S04- . 1- ; 2S04- S04- .CaO*2UO2*P2O5*8H2OCuU2S3O16*4H2O . .UK2U2(V04)204-3H20Cu(U02)2(P04)2-8H20Ca(U02)2(P04)2-8H20Cu(U02)2(P04)2-12H20Ca(U02)2(V04)2-8H20 l- . . . . .U03Ca0-2U03-As205-8H20 (UO2)6(SO4)(OH)10-12H2O Ca2(U02)(C03)3-10H20 Ba(U02)2(P04)2-8H20 Cu(U02)2(As04)2- 12H20 . . . . . .(Mg,Fe)5(AI,Cr)(AISi8O10)(OH)8PbCr04Ca3Cr(Si04)3FeCr04 . 1- 12 . ( ) . ( ) .sCs(Be2Li)AI2(Si6018)Cs(AISi206) . .Zn4 ZnAI204(Zn,Fe)C03ZnC03ZnS(Zn,Mn)Fe204ZnO . . .2S04 1- S . . .ZrZrSi04 . .SrSrC03 .SiSi02F- SIF4 . . . C . N03 .Hg1HgCIHgSHgTeHgSb4S7 "- . . 2S N2S . . . 4. 200-500 / [25]. . 0.1-0.05 /, . : . (=2.8-3.5) () . . Fe(CN)46 F()2 . 02- . NaOCI, Ca(OCI)2, CaOCI2- . CNO - :CN + OCI = CNO + Cl;2Cu(CN)23 + 70CI+ 20H+ H20 = 6CNO+ 7CI+ 2Cu(OH)2CNS+ 4CIO-+ 20H'= CNO + S02-4 + 4CI+ H20 :CNO + 2H20 = NH+4 + C02-3 . :CN + Cl2 = Cl + CICN4.1.- . . . , . . 400-1000 / 0.5-2 . ( 2NaAu(CN)2 + 2NaOH + H202(4.2) :2 - 1 4 ; ( 2 - 1 H202 ).H202 . 02 . :2Au + 4NaCN + H202 2NaAu(CN)2 + 2NaOH(4.3) . H202 . - - . - : CN- + H202 CNO' + H20. H202 4.1 - . , , NaCN + O,NaCN + H,0,ug1055-101530-90180 . , . (4.3- )4.3-. [, 1983 ]. :CN + H20 - HCN + OH(4.4) :N , %0.010.02 0.050.100.150.20 10.16 10.3110.4010.51 10.66 10.81 . . , uu 202 :2Au+ 2HCN + 02 - 2AuCN + H202(4.5) . :CN + H20 - HCN + OH,(4.6) :CN + H2C03 - HCN + HC03 (4.7)4'.4- . [, 1959] . (4.4- ). =11-13 - . . ! , ; ^ . . 85 .(4.5- ). , ,- 2-5 /- . .4.5- . NN 24 0 [ , 1953 ]4.6- . - 25% - [ , 1921 ] . (4.5- ) . . . 4.7- . . (4.7- )4.7- . [, 1966 ] : :O, + 2H20 + 2e H202 + 20H (4.9) : - , /; DCN D02 , 2 -1; [N] [02] - N /; [N]n [2]n - N- /; 1 2 - , 2; - , . : , ,[O2]=O a [CN']n=0*) d(O2)/dt = DO2/ A1[O2] D(CN')/dt = DCN'/ A2[CN](4.11) , 2 2 , = (4.12) (4.13) 1 2 := (4.14) 2- = (4.15)*) : [02] [02] ['] [1]. ' 02 ( ), . (4.6- ). 2- 1- , : = , . (3.23) : Dcn.[CN] = 4D02[02], [CN']/[02] = D02/DCN .02 [02], 3 /[]. 103 /[ ]/[02] ( )1.000.211.001.000.211.280.271.101.280.276.01.35.18.81.74.684.854.626.806.30 , 8.2 / ( 0.27 103 /) 6x0.27x103 / 6 0.01% . ( , ) , ; . , . . . 6 . . (, , , , , .)- . , , , , . , , . . (4.7- ). , , .30 (03)2, /4.8- . 1% ^ [ , 1950] . : . 02 , 02- , . , : + 20' - ()2 + 2-(4.16)()2 ()3 :2()2 + 3 02 + 20 - 2()3.(4.17) - : : . , , :25 + 4->[2(1\1)4]2- + 32'; . - . - :52' + ' + 3 02 + 20 -> + 20';. , , . . ^ . :). - 0.5 / 4.9- . ; . .) > 11.5 . - . (4,10- ).4.10- . : - [, 1934]; - , 1953]; 1 - ()% 2 - ; 3 - .1_1 . , , . : . (, , )- - . - ; - . , . , . . . . , 120 . : ) ; ) . . , (1%) (8%) . . . ? . 2- 8 ( 10 ) 2 [37]. . :: , ;' ; " 2 . ; ; ( , ; - ); . , , , , , . ()- . , , -- . 4.12- . "2564. 12- . [ - (), 2003] , . (3.18- ). - 6 ( < 2 / ) 81.7 [40]. : 90% ; . . - . 4% , 2% . 0.3 /3 . . ( , , ..)- . . (, , - ..) . (10%-) . . , . ( , , ) . .70- . . 0', + . . . : : - 803;- - 032; 0.5-3 / , - , 2, , 5, , 5 , . (10% ) - . , (, ) , . . - . , (0.2) (0.4 - 1.0 ) - . . , . 60-90% . -7 - 30 , - . . 0.2 / - . ( , , , )- . () . . - 6.3- 6.4- ..4- . -: 1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5- ; 6-; 7- ; 8, 9- (); 10, 11- ; () 12- ; 13- ; 14- ; 15- ( ) ; 16- ; 17- (); 18- , 19- ; 20- ; 21, 22, 23- , .