Le Systeme Local en Hongrie en Anglais

7/31/2019 Le Systeme Local en Hongrie en Anglais

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Local Self-

Government

in Hungary


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Republic of Hungary

Capital-city: Budapest

Government: parliamentary republic

Neighbouring countries: Slovakia,Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia,Slovenia, Austria

Area: 93 030 km2

Population: 10 million inhabitants


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Local Government System

A two-tier system:

3 152 Communes

19 Counties

+ the capital-city with aspecial status

Major acts of parliament dedicated to local government:

1949 Constitution (article 20)

1990 Act on Local Self-Government


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Local authoritiesLevel of LocalGovernment

Organ Description

Communes 22 Cities with county status 19 county-towns and 3 other cities

Manage tasks of both commune and county

Entitled to create districts within their area

Own deliberative assembly

3231 towns and villages The deliberative assembly is elected for a 4-year

termThe mayor is directly elected for a 4-year term

(S)he adopts deliberations on local governmentmanagement, local government organization andlocal administration structure for the communes

City of Budapest (special status)

Counties 19 counties The County Assembly (deliberative body) isdirectly elected for a 4-year term under aproportional representation system.

The President (executive) is elected by theCounty Assembly for a 4-year term


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The capital-city of Budapest

A special legal status with a two-tier system:

23 districts each one follows the municipal model

The Deliberative Power:- a general assembly 88 members are directly elected

for a 4-year term

The Executive Power:

- the General Mayor is directly elected for a 4-year term


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Internal political structure

Local Council

the deliberative organ issuesdecrees Committees delegated tasks from the local

assembly; they prepare decisions, organize andoversee implementation

Mayor the political and administrative headof local government office; he/she represents theassembly; is responsible for implementing localpolicies

Vice-mayor(s) perform their duties under themayors control Local Councillors assess the discharge of self-

government duties that are determined by the

local assembly


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Internal political structure

+ The Mayor and the Chief Executive:

both manage local government departments themayor runs them in accordance with decisions made bythe council, whilst the chief executive heads local

government staff The mayor represents the political side of local

government, whilst the chief executive representsproficiency and permanence in public administration

The chief executive is appointed by the local council foran undetermined period; candidates must have thequalifications that are required by law


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Local authorities responsibilities

Mandatory responsibilitiesFirst category: Defined by 1990 Act on

Local Government Same in each commune e.g. drinking water purification,

health care and welfare system,public lightning

Second category:

Can only be enacted if anyspecific law determines andguarantees the needed financialmeans

Optional responsibilities Implemented upon the local

councils decision or a localreferendum

Based on the localcommunitys requirementsand depend on financialmeans

e.g. public safety, employmentincentives, support for

scientific, artistic and sportactivities

I. Communes:


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Local authorities responsibilitiesII) Counties:

Either mandatory or optional responsibilities

Counties enact responsibilities that municipal councilsare not obliged to implement; these responsibilities are

not determined by governmental statutes A less important role the main duty is to maintain

bodies that provide public services

III) The Capital-city:

District councils fulfil the duties of municipal authorities

The council of the capital-city enacts responsibilities thatdeal with the whole city or more than one district


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Financial means Local revenues

Four categories:

1. Own revenues: local taxes are determined andimposed by municipal councils

2. Shared revenues: a portion of national taxes isannuallydetermined by Parliament anddevolvedto local authorities

3. Mandatory grants from the national budget:

are determined by Parliament in proportion todemographic characteristics of each commune4. Capital investment financing: targeted grants,

deficit financing


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Financial means Local expenditure

They are exceptionally high due to thenumber of local responsibilities especiallyin the social policy sector

Local expenditure include:

1. Staff expenditures

2. Employers contributions

3. Material expenditures

Le Systeme Local en Hongrie en Anglais

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