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GIO N VI SINH VT

TRNG H KHOA HC

KHOA KHOA HC S SNG

GV: Trnh Ngc Hong

Thi Nguyn - 2011

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BI 7. VIRUS

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MTS BNH DO VIRUS

CM

DI

VIMGAN

SI

AIDS UMA

QUAIB

VIMMNGNO

VIMNONB

BILIT

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Lcsnghincu virus

Hnhthi,cutrcca virus

Ccphngthc sinh sn virus

Ccnhm virus chnh4

1

2

3

Ni dung

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I. LC S NGHIN CU VIRUS

Ch c vacine phngdi t no ch

L. Pasteur1882

Phthin ra virus vi khun: phage

W. Twort1915

Ivanowsky

1892

-1918

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I. LCS

Pht hin ra virus vim no Nht bn

-

1934-38

Tmra virus cm H2N2

-1954

Stanley

1935

-1958

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Virus Ebola c m t ln u

-

1976

Bngpht dch Sar: vim ng h hp cp

-2003

-

1983

-2004

I. LCS

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NHNGHA

Virus lmt sinh vt phi tbo, siuhin vi, chcha 1 loiaxit nucleic. Chngk{ sinh btbuc trong tbosng, davoshiptrcahthng trao ichtcavtchmsao chp axit nucleic, tng hp cc thnh phn nhprotein sau tinhnh lpni sinh sn; trong iukinngoicthchngcthtntiluditrngthii phn t ha hc khng sng v c trng thi truynnhim

GS. Chu cKhnhHPhcn, Trung Quc

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- Chaccutotbo

CIM

- Vtcht di truynl DNA/ RNA

- Kchthccckznhb - lt qua mnglc vi khun(ch quan stcdi KHV int )

- Virus bt buc phi sng k{ sinh trong t bo sng, lyu t gy nhim bt buc trong t bo ch , (khng

c c quan to nng lng (ATP), khng c tt ccc loi enim t nhn ln duy tr chu kz sng)

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II. HNH THI V CU TRC

CA VIRUS

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- Rtnhb, lt qua mnglc vi khun

1. KCH THC

Loi virus Kchthc trung bnh (nm)Virus ARN 20 - 300

Virus ADN 18 - 300

Phage 10 - 150

- Ch quan stcdi KHV int (c nm)

+ Virus umackchthclnnht (250nm ???) vvirus nhnhtl virus thuch Picornaviridae, ckchthckhong 10-20nm.

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1. KCH THC

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- Virus hon chnh (virion) = (RNA/DNA) + v protein(capside)

2. HNH THI

- Hnhthica virus do v capside hocvngoiquytnh

+ Mtsloi virus cthmvngoi

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Khi

Que

cbit

Cu

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Virus gybnh cho thcvtnh (virus

mthuc , khoai ty) Hnh que di

2. HNH THI

i xng xon

Gn ging hnh cu Phn ln l virus ng vt.

Virus ca vi khun (phage)

Kch thc 10 150 nmi xng phc tp

i xng 20 mt

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Mt s dng hnh thi ca virus

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- Capsid ccutotccnvhnhthi(VHT)gilcapsome

3. CU TRC V CAPSID

- Capsid ckhnngchunhit, pH vccyutngoi

cnhnnnhmbovli axit nucleic.

- Trn mt capsid cha cc gai glycoprotein hoc

lipoprotein lccththchiugip cho virusbmvo

ccththchiutrnbmttbovtch.

- Cutrcinhnhcu virus: ixng

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3.1 Cutrcixngxon

- Sdvirus ccu trcdngny do cc capsome spxp theo chiuxonca axit nucleic.

- Cutrcxon lm cho virut thngcdnghnh quehay hnhsi. inhnhlcc virut mthucl (TMV),

di (rhabdo), quai b, si (paramyxo), cm (orthomyxo)

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TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)

+ TMV cdnghnhngrngngknh 15nm, di 300nm do ccutrci xng xon tr. Trong 95% lProtein, 5% l ARN xonc.

+ Thnhng bao gm 2600 VHTcutotmtloi protein duy nhthnhchicgiy,cha 158 axit amin, ghpixngvi nhau thnhnhiuvngxon, gn thnh hnhng di. Tonbngc 162 vngxon.

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+ Trong 6000 nucleic trnphnt ARN ca TMV chc474 nucleic lmho cho qutrnhtov capsit can.

+ Axit nucleic ca TMV lmtsi ARN 1 mchchim5% trng lnght,un theo chiuxonca capsid,gnvo 2/3 chiudibn trong ca capsid.

TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)

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TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)

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TMV.

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Cu tophng to ca virus TMV lmbnlintngtihnhnhg ???

Cuhi ?

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TMV chng ?

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3.2 Cutrcixngkhi

- Nhiuloi virut nhn qua cdnghnhcu nh: Adeno,Polio, Picorna, Herpesnhng quan st di KHV int cho thyv protein capsid cachngccutrchnhkhi a din, thng l cc hnh khi 20 mt u(Icosahedron).

- Cutrc Icosahedron lmthnhkhiadin 20 mttam gicu: 5 mtnh, 5 mty, 10 mtgia,cc tam gicu nhau vixng,cthspxp theobtkzhngno. Icosahedron phctpcvbc baongoivicc gai nhtrnbmt.

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Icosahedron

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Adenovirus

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- cc VR ksinh trn VK (phage), chngchnhnngnc

vi hai kiuixngphctp. Trong cc phage ksinh trnE.coli th phage T2 v T4 cnghincutmnht.

3.3 Cutrcphctp

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Hai kiu i xng ca phage T2 l g ?

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- T2 hnh nng nc, u di 100nm, u bng ui,uhnhlclngngknh 65nm, bn trong l DNA2 mchcunlithnhbi.

- ui c cu trc phc tp di 120nm, ng knh

25nm, bn trong ltruihnhngngknh 15nm,cngnh kim tim,dngphvtboca VK ch.Bnngoitrui l protein ccutrcixngxontr nh TMV, ckhnng co dn,ccutot 24vngxon bao quanh trc ui,mi vngxon cha 6

VHTcutot 144 phnt protein cng 1loi.

Phage T2

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4. V NGOI (ENVELOPE)

- Cu trc xon, khi, phc tp ca VR c th dngtrnhocclpmng bao bcbnngoi capsid

- Vngoicngungctmng sinh cht (HIV) hocmng nhn (Herpes), hoc t Golgi (Pox virus) ca tbochc virus cun theo khi nychi.

+ lipoprotein v cc gai nh ca n xuyn ra t lp

protein qua lpmng lipopotein

- Bn cht ca v ngoi

+ glicoprotein cha cc th th hoc enzim ca ccvirus ,va lkhngnguyn,bov li axit nucleicca virus v gip chng bm vo mng t bo ch

(thnggp VR V).

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- Ditcdngcamtsyut nh dung mihotan lipit, enzimvngoibbintnhv virus c thkhngcnkhnnglynhim.

- V ngoi c tc dng lmn nh cu trc ca htvirus.

V NGOI

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- Axit nucleic ca virus cthlsi DNA/ RNA

5. CU TRC AXIT NUCLEIC

- Sin (ss) hockp (ds)

- Mchthnghocvng,cutrclintchoctthnhnhiuonringr.

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DNA strand

*) Chuin - ss DNA+) sithng ss DNA

+) vng ss DNA

Vd: Parvoviridae

Vd: phage X 174, M13 caE. coli

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*) Chuikp - ds DNA+) si ds DNA

+) vng ds DNA

Vd: Adenovirus, Herpes virus

Vd: phage caE. coli,Papovaviridae

Pox virus

DNA strand

- Thngckchthclnnht trong cc virus

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RNA strand

*) Chuin - ss RNA

*) Chuikp - ds RNA

Vd: Reoviridae

Vd: Picornaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae,

rhabdoviridae, Retroviridae, TMV

- Chim hu ht cc h virus chnh

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III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN CA VIRUS

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III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN

Vt ch ca virus

- ng vt

- Thc vt

- Vi khun

- Khc: nm, VNS

*) Vi cc vt ch khc nhau, virus c phng thcsinh snkhc nhau

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Virus chcthnhnln trong tbocmth(tbobvirus xm nhp), nh hot ng ca t bo m virusthchinstnghpccthnhphntothnhcchtvirus mi.

III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN

Tonbqutrnhnhn lnca virus chia ra lm 5 giaion

Qutrnhnhnlnbtutlc virus hpphlnbmtcatbo cho nlc virus trngthnh chui rakhitbo.

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5 giai on:

1. Hpph 2. Xmnhp 3. Sao chp 4. Thnhthc 5. Phngthch

- Sao chp axit nucleic + tnghp protein VirionSinh snca virus:

III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN

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Phage cycle

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- Viias virus: Cctbomc ra chngi baovy ly virus, ri khp li, a virus vo bn trong tbo theo kiuampbtmi,ngi ta gihin tng

nylmbo. Sau khi virus votbo, virus khngtlt v c m phi nh t bo tit ra enzymdecapsidae cibv capsit ca virus v axit nucleicca virus cgiiphngkhi virus.

Giaion 2. Giaionxmnhp

Virus xmnhpvotbo theo 2 cch:

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- i vi thc khun th. Vi phage T (ca vi khunE.coli) sau khi uica phage hpthlnbmtcatbo,chngtit ra cht lyzozim lm tan mngtbo vikhun, sau di tc dng ca adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP) ui phage co li v tr chc

thng mng nguyn sinh cht ca t bo, axit nucleicc bm vo trong t bo theo trng, cn phnprotein vbcthnmbnngoimngtbovkhngtham gia voqutrnhtitoht virus mi.

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Ngay sau khi virus xmnhpvo trong tbovtch,stnghp protein, ADN hoc ARN ctrngcatbo,ngay lptcb virus nhchgnnhhonton,v thay

vo lqutrnh sinh tnghpccthnhphnringca virus, do virus iuhactinhnh. y l giaion phc tp nht ca qu trnh nhn ln ca virus,phthucvoloi axit nucleic ca virus vktqucuicngltnghpc axit nucleic vccthnhphn

protein cutrckhc nhau ca virus.

Giaion 3. Giaiontnghpccthnhphnca virus

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RNA ca virus ng thi l mRNA tnghp nn RNApolymerase v ARN mica virus.

- Virus c axit nucleic l DNA ds

+ T khun mu DNA ca virus tng hp nn mRNAphcv cho vic tnghpnn enzim DNA polymerasevnguynliu DNA mi.+ T DNA mictnghp, mRNA ctnghptonn protein capsit vcc thnhphncu trckhc

ca virus.

- Virus c axit nucleic l RNA mtsidng

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Enzyme sao chp ngc l DNA polymerase phthuc vo ARN hay cn gi l reverse transcriptase

(RT).T RNA ca virus tnghpnn DNA trung gian, DNAnytchhpvo NST catbovtch. DNA trunggian lkhunmutnghpnn ARN virus vy

cng l mRNA tng hp nn cc thnhphn cutrckhcca virus.

- Virus c axit nucleic l RNA nhngc enzim sao chp

ngc

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Giai onlprpccthnhphn virus nythngxy ragnmngtbo, axit nucleic v protein ctnghpccnikhc nhau trong tbo,chngcchuyndchli gn nhau v kt hp vi nhau to thnh virus honchnh.Nh enzyme cu trc ca virus hoc enzim ca t bocmthgip cho ccthnhphncutrcmica virusc lp rp theo khun mu ca virus gy bnh tothnhnhng virus mi.

Giaion 4. Giaionlprpccthnhphn virus

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Vi virus dngtrn(c axit nucleic v capsit): ccphntprotein va chm vi nhau to thnh mt vng cungprotein capsit bao quanh axit nucleic. Cng mt lc chngtrm,hngngn,hngvn virus c lprp theokiuny.

Vi virus dngv(c axit nucleic, capsit vvngoi): cnglp rp ging nh trn, nhng v ngoi ca virus khngphi do sinh tng hp to thnh m l do mng t bocht ca vt ch b virus bin i to thnh v ca

virus.

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Giaion 5. Giaiongiiphng virus ra khitbo

Sau khi clprphonchnh,hocccthnhphncbn, virus chunbgiiphngkhitbo. C 3 cchgiiphng virus

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Tbonhim virus bn tung v virus cgiiphng

t vi s lng ln, sau tip tc gy nhim t bolnh. Cch:+ Virus cthphvvchtbo sau vigi cho tivingy,ty theo chu kznhnlncatngloi virus gii

phng hng lot virus ra khi t bo gy nhim vtiptcmt chu kznhnlnmi trong tbocmth.

Cchgiiphngt

+ Ditcdngca enzim, vchtbobphv,b tanr hon ton v cc virus t cng lc chui ra khi t

botiptcxmnhpvotbolnh.+ Sau qu trnh nhn ln s lng virus sn sinh ranhiu gy p lc ln vch t bo, v do phi chu mtsctiquln,nnvchtbobphvv virus ng

lot chui ra khitbo.

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M hnh c ch xm nhim v nhn ln ca virus cm A t bo ch

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Thngxy ra ivimts virus cvbcngoicng.Trong tbonhim,ccthnhphnca virus mitnghp c chuyn v gn mng tbo v lp rp li dngtrnnhngchacvbc. Mngtbotinib virus cmngbini,cbitcgn ccthnh

phn protein v ca virus vo. Mng t bo li ra vvirus c bc vo, cui cng ton b virus b dt rakhibmttbov virus cgiiphng.

Cchgiiphngtt theo linychi

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Mtsloi virus cncthtruynttbonhim sangtbo lnhmkhngcn chui ra mitrngbnngoi.Giatbobnhimvtbolnhxuthinnhngcuninguyn sinh cht,ccht virus cthtruyn qua cccuninynhchy trongngdnmkhng chui ra khi

tbo.

Cchgiiphng qua cunitbotbo

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IV. CC NHM VIRUS GY BNH CHNH

PHN LOI1. Theo vtchca virus

2. Theo genom

3. Theo mcgybnhvtnhchtgybnh

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Vt ch virus

ng vt

Vi khun

Thc vt

Nm

1. Phnloi heo vtchca virus

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2. Phnloi virus theo theo genom

.

Nhm idin GenomeNhm 1 Herpesvirus, Poxvirus, Adenovirus, Papovavirus DNA Nhm 2 Parvovirus DNA+Nhm 3 Reovirus RNA Nhm 4 Picornavirus, Togavirus RNA+Nhm 5 Rabdovirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus,

Arenavirus RNA -Nhm 6 Retrovirus RNA+

(*)

(*) Nh enzyme phinmngcchuyn RNA+ thnh DNA

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3. Phnloi virus theo mcvtnhchtgybnh

Gm 6 nhm1). Poxvirus

2). Herpesvirus

3). Adenovirus

4). Myxovirus

5). Arbovirus

6). Picornavirus/ Nanivirus

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1) Poxvirus

*) cim

- Kchthcln 300 nm 400nm

- Xmnhpvocth qua tuynncbt- Gy tn thng cc vng dida

*) idin: virus umaVariola maiorvVariola minor

- Genome l ds DNA

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2) Herpesvirus

*) cim

- Kchthc 150 250nm

- Gynhngbnhmnrp quanh ming

- Genome l ds DNA

- Cutrcixng 20 mt

*) idin: Herpes simplex (Herpes hominis),H. varicellacea

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3) Adenovirus

*) cim

- Vtch: ngi,kh,b,g

- Genome l ss DNA xon

- Khng ete

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4) Myxovirus

*) cim

- Kchthc: 80 150 nm

- Genome l RNA

- mncmvi ete*) i din: Myxovirus newcastb; Myxovirus influenza(H1N1, H2N2), Paramyxovirus, Rhabdovirus

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5) Arbovirus (Arthropod born virus)

*) cim

- Kchthc: 15 40 nm

- Ly sang ngitcntrng

- Bnhthnggp: vimnoNhtBn,vimnonga

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6) Picornavirus (Nanivirus)

*) cim

- Kchthc: 15 30 nm

- Khngmncmvi ete*) idin: Poliovirus hominis gybilittr em

- Genome: RNA

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MT S VIRUS GY BNH THNG GP KHC

- Hepatitis B virus

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Chu trnhnhnlnca Hepatitis virus

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- HIV

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Cutoca HIV

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Chu kznhnlnca HIV

Chu kznhnlnca HIV

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*) Virus v ung th

*) Viroid v Prion

CC VN C LIN QUAN N VIRUS

*) IFN

*) Ccloithucchng virus