LECTURE NO: 01(8th April, 2013)

Engr.Abdur Rafaiabdurrafai29@gmail.com

0333-8171950May 1, 2023 1

Teaching MethodologyLecture--------Two days a week

Quiz will be approximately in each class. Topics covered in previous lecture will be coming in Quiz.

Grading criteriaQuizes -------------- 10% Assignments-------------- 10%Mid Term -------------- 20%End Term -------------- 40%Project -------------- 20%

May 1, 2023 2

Course OutlineBasic Concepts: The system, control

volume, working substance, heat and work.State and properties, thermodynamic process

and cycleFirst law of thermodynamics: first law of

thermodynamics for a cycle,first law of thermodynamics for state change.

Internal energy, enthalpy, specific heats. Ideal gas laws, equations of state.

May 1, 2023 3

Course OutlineProperties of pure substances. Phase

diagram, use of steam tables.Thermodynamic processes relationship:

Constant volume,Constant pressure, constant temperature, constant enthalpy and general law processes.

Steady state and steady flow process, uniform state and uniform flow processes. Steady flow energy equation and steady flow devices.

May 1, 2023 4

Course OutlineSecond law of thermodynamics: definitions,

its applications.Reversible and irreversible processesCarnot cycle and thermodynamic temperature

scale.Concept of entropy and its application to flow

and non-flow processes.Enthalpy-entropy diagrams of working fluids.Thermodynamic cycles, efficiencies, and their

applications.May 1, 2023 5

Course OutlineThermodynamic cycles, efficiencies, and their

applications.Idealized P-V and T – S diagrams of cycles.Rankine cycle and its application.Difference between direct and reversed

cycles.Concept of open and closed cycles. Complete Course Overview

May 1, 2023 6

Books Recommended1. Fundamentals of Engineering

Thermodynamics,5th Edition By M.J. Moran and H.O. Shapiro2.Thermodynamics, An Engineering

Approach, 7th EditionBy Yunus A. Cengel,Michael A. Boles

McGraw-Hill

May 1, 2023 7

DefinitionThermodynamics is derived from two words:

‘Thermo’ which means ‘Heat energy’ and ‘Dynamics’ which means ‘conversion’ or ‘transformation’

Concisely, thermodynamics is a division of science that deals with conversion of energy from one form to another

The main forms of energy of interest in engineering thermodynamics are heat and work

May 1, 2023 8

Definition contd.Work is the form of energy useful in

displacement of a body

Heat is the form of energy transferred due to temperature gradient between two bodies

May 1, 2023 9

(Joules) difference eTemperaturSpecificMass Heat

(Joules) Distance ForceWork

Applications of Engineering ThermodynamicsEngineering application of thermodynamic

principles is the design of various systems using fluid properties to cause energy transformation

Applications in design of heat engines, refrigeration machines, air conditioning systems

May 1, 2023 10

QuizAn apple “weighs” .0o8 kg and has a volume of

100 cm3 in a refrigerator at 80C. What is the apple density?

May 1, 2023 11