Post on 19-Feb-2021
Nos. 17-1618, 17-1623, 18-107 ================================================================
--------------------------------- --------------------------------- GERALD LYNN BOSTOCK,
Petitioner, v.
CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA, Respondent.
--------------------------------- --------------------------------- ALTITUDE EXPRESS, INC., and RAY MAYNARD,
Petitioners, v.
MELISSA ZARDA AS EXECUTOR OF THE ESTATE OF DONALD ZARDA, et al.,
Respondents. --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
R.G. & G.R. HARRIS FUNERAL HOMES, INC., Petitioner,
v.
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, et al.,
Respondents. --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
On Writs Of Certiorari To The United States Courts Of Appeals For The
Eleventh, Second, And Sixth Circuits --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
BRIEF FOR AMICI CURIAE THE PRESIDING BISHOP AND PRESIDENT OF THE HOUSE OF
DEPUTIES OF THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH; UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF CONSERVATIVE
JUDAISM; GENERAL SYNOD OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST; THE CENTRAL
CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS; MORE THAN 700 INDIVIDUAL FAITH LEADERS, ET AL.
IN SUPPORT OF EMPLOYEE LITIGANTS
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
JEFFREY S. TRACHTMAN
KRAMER LEVIN NAFTALIS & FRANKEL LLP
1177 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10036
(212) 715-9100
jtrachtman@kramerlevin.com
================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964
WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM
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INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE-
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INTRODUCTION AND
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
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ARGUMENT
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I. Consistent With Fundamental Constitu-
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Yddgo"Zmkaf]kk"gof]jk"Yf\"gl`]j"Y[lgjk"af"l`]"][gfgeq"
Yf\"af"kg[a]lq"lg"\]fq"hjgl][l]\"h]jkgfk"]imYd"Y[[]kk"
lg" _gg\k" Yf\" k]jna[]k"mf\]j" Y"f]mljYd" Yf\" _]f]jYddq"
Yhhda[YZd]"hmZda["Y[[geeg\Ylagfk"dYo*u'*"L]da_agmk"]p)
]j[ak]" Yf\" j]da_agmk" k]fkaZadalq" Yj]" kaehdq" \a^^]j]fl"
l`af_k("Yf\"Y^^jgfl"lg"l`]"dYll]j"ak"fgl"YmlgeYla[Yddq"Yf"
af^jaf_]e]fl"gf"l`]"^gje]j*"?ehdgq]jk"Yf\"[g)ogjc]jk"
j]da_agmkdq"g^^]f\]\"Zq"Yf"FA
//"
B. Affirming The Second And Sixth Cir-
cuits’ Rulings Below Will Not Imper-
missibly Burden Religious Individuals’
Or Entities’ Freedoms With Respect To
Their Public Or Business Affairs
" N`]"]ehdgq]j"dala_Yflk"Yf\"[]jlYaf"g^"l`]aj"NZVPV!
km__]kl"l`Yl"j]kgdnaf_"l`]k]"eYll]jk"lg"hjgl][l"FA
/0"
NZVPV!kmhhgjlaf_"l`]"]ehdgq]j"dala_Yflk"afngc]"hjgl][l"
l`]" jgm_`"Yf\" lmeZd]" g^" [gf!a[laf_" na]ok*"N`]"@ajkl"
;e]f\e]fl" ak" afl]f\]\" tlg" hj]k]jn]" Yf" mfaf`aZal]\"
eYjc]lhdY[]" g^" a\]Yk" af" o`a[`" ljml`" oadd" mdlaeYl]dq"
hj]nYad*u"CRQ!=V\[!3_\NQ(!4\(! c(!7(4(4((" /51"O*M*"/23("
/5," &-525'*"N`ak"e]Yfk" tl`Yl" gf]" g^" l`]" [gklk" g^" l`]"
@ajkl";e]f\e]fl"ak"l`Yl"al"hjgl][lk"l`]"kh]][`"o]"\])
l]kl"Yk"o]dd"Yk"l`]"kh]][`"o]"]eZjY[]*u"F[VaRQ!DaNaR`!
c(!2YcN_Rg("-/."M*"=l*".1/3(".11-"&.,-.'7"`RR!NY`\"D[fQR_!
c(!AURY]`("12."O*M*"00/("004("010("014)15"&.,--'"&`gd\af_"
@ajkl";e]f\e]fl"hjgl][l]\"ha[c]laf_"Yl"=Yl`gda[" ^m)
f]jYd" g^" kgd\a]j"cadd]\" af" CjYi("Yf\" ka_fk"]eZdYrgf]\"
oal`"e]kkY_]k" km[`"Yk" tJgh]" af"B]dd(u"tJja]klk"LYh]"
/1"
taf_]klUagf" g^ V" h]qgl]" ^gj" kY[jYe]flYd" hmjhgk]k" Yl" Y"
[]j]egfq"g^"l`]"HYlan]";e]ja[Yf"=`mj[`(u"VQ("Yl"430"s"
[gmd\" d]_Yddq" Z]" hjg`aZal]\" Zq" Yf" gl`]joak]" dYo^md"
klYlml]" j]_mdYlaf_" [gfljgdd]\" kmZklYf[]k*" N`]" =gmjl"
]phj]kkdq"j]b][l]\"l`]"_akl"g^"BYjjak"Bge]kw"Yj_me]fl"
`]j]"s"l`Yl"to`]f"gl`]joak]"hjg`aZalYZd]"[gf\m[l"ak"Y[)
[gehYfa]\"Zq"j]da_agmk"[gfna[lagfk("fgl"gfdq" l`]"[gf)
na[lagf" Zml" l`]" [gf\m[l" alk]d^" emkl" Z]" ^j]]" ^jge"
_gn]jfe]fl"j]_mdYlagf*u":Q("Yl"44.*"
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[jaeafYlagf"dYok("km[`"Yk"^gj"[d]j_q("emkl"Z]"fYjjgodq"
t[gf f]\u"Yf\"t[gfkljYaf]\u"lg"Ynga\"gh]faf_"l`]"\ggj"
lg"Y"t[geemfalq)oa\]"kla_eY"UY_Yafkl"FA
/2"
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/3"
^Yal`k"oal`gml"\ak[jaeafYlagf"gj"hj]^]j]f[]*"tU;Vddg[Y)
lagfUkV"g^"hgdala[Yd"hgo]j"gf"Y"j]da_agmk"[jal]jagfu"nag)
dYl]" l`]" ?klYZdak`e]fl" =dYmk](" hYjla[mdYjdq" o`]j]"
tj]da_agmkdq"_jgmf\]\"hj]^]j]f[]ku"`gd\"koYq"gn]j"l`]"
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k]fl]\" Zq" j]da_agmk"NZVPV" gf" Zgl`" ka\]k" g^" l`ak" [Yk]'"
l]Y[`]k" l`Yl" tUlV`]j]" ak"f]al`]j"D]o"fgj"A]flad]("f]a)
l`]j"kdYn]"fgj" ^j]]("[\_! V`! aUR_R!ZNYR!N[Q!SRZNYR(" ^gj"
qgm"Yj]"Ydd"gf]"af"=`jakl"D]kmk*u"AYdYlaYfk"/6.4"&H]o"
Cfl]jfYlagfYd"P]jkagf'" &]eh`Ykak" Y\\]\'*"Bgo" ak" l`]"
=gmjl"lg"j][gf[ad]"l`ak"hj][]hl"oal`"l`]"hjghgkalagf"g^"
[]jlYaf"gl`]j"NZVPV!l`Yl"tY"h]jkgfwk"k]p"ak"Yf"aeemlY)
Zd]"Ag\)_an]f"_a^l"Yf\"l`Yl"h]ghd]"k`gmd\"fgl"\]fq"gj"
Yll]ehl"lg"[`Yf_]"l`]aj"k]p9u13"N`ak"=gmjl"k`gmd\"fgl"
oY\]"aflg"km[`"l`]gdg_a[Yd"l`a[c]lk("fgj"_an]"o]a_`l"lg"
j]da_agmk"na]ok"af"Ykk]kkaf_"Gk*"Ml]h`]fkw"Yf\"G]kkjk*"
TYj\Y"Yf\"
/5"
kYe]"j]da_agmk"Z]da]^k"Yk"`ak"kmh]jnakgjku'*"Cf"hYjla[m)
dYj("af"ER_cRR_!c(!3VYYV[Ta\[("/0"@*"Mmhh*"/\"-,,"&>*>*=*"
.,-0'(" l`]" [gmjl" fgl]\" l`Yl"eYfq" [gmjlk" `Yn]" j][g_)
far]\"Nald]"PCC" j]da_agmk" \ak[jaeafYlagf" [dYaek"o`]f"
t]ehdgq]jk" `Yn]" j]\" gj" gl`]joak]" hmfak`]\"Yf" ]e)
hdgq]]" Z][Ymk]" l`]" ]ehdgq]]wk" h]jkgfYd" Y[lanala]k" gj"
klYlmk"*"*"*"^Yad]\"lg"[gf^gje"lg"l`]"]ehdgq]jwk"j]da_agmk"
Z]da]^k(u"/0"@*"Mmhh*"/\"Yl"--3("Yf\"al"Yhhda]\"l`Yl"hjaf)
[ahd]"lg"l`]"[dYae"g^"Y"_Yq"eYf"Ykk]jlaf_"`]"^Y[]\"\ak)
[jaeafYlagf"af"nagdYlagf"g^"Nald]"PCCwk"ZYf"gf"j]da_agmk"
\ak[jaeafYlagf*"
"
0,"
f]al`]j"^Yngjk"fgj"\ak^Yngjk"j]da_agf"af"_]f]jYd"gj"Yfq"
hYjla[mdYj"j]da_agmk"na]ohgafl*"
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"")))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))"
"
CONCLUSION
" @gj"l`]"^gj]_gaf_"j]Ykgfk("2ZVPV"j]kh][l^mddq"kmZ)
eal"l`Yl"l`]"=gmjl"k`gmd\"Y^ je"l`]"bm\_e]flk"Z]dgo"
g^"l`]"M][gf\"Yf\"Mapl`"=aj[malk"Yf\"j]n]jk]"l`]"bm\_)
e]fl"Z]dgo"g^"l`]"?d]n]fl`"=aj[mal*"
L]kh][l^mddq"kmZeall]\("
D?@@L?S"M*"NL;=BNG;H"4\b[`RY!\S!CRP\_Q"
HILG;H"=*"MCGIH"D;MIH"G*"GI@@";FFCMIH"Q*"J;LL"?GCFS"G*"Q;D?LN"EL;G?L"F?PCH"H;@N;FCM"$"@L;HE?F"FFJ"
--33";n]fm]"g^"l`]";e]ja[Yk"H]o"Sgjc("HS"-,,/2"bljY[`leYf:cjYe]jd]naf*[ge"4\b[`RY!S\_!2ZVPV!4b_VNR!
Dmdq"/(".,-5"
9dd+"."
APPENDIX A:
STATEMENTS OF INTEREST
OF AMICI CURIAE
" Amicus curiae"h\Y"Ecgh"JYj+"E]W\UY`":fiWY";iffm"
]g"h\Y"/4h\"HfYg]X]b[":]g\cd"cZ"L\Y"=d]gWcdU`";\ifW\)"
U" \]YfUfW\]WU`" fY`][]cig" XYbca]bUh]cb" ]b" h\Y" Mb]hYX"
KhUhYg"UbX".4"ch\Yf"Wcibhf]Yg+"MbXYf"h\Y";\ifW\rg"dc`*
]hm)"\Y"]g"h\Y";\]YZ"HUghcf"UbX"Hf]aUhY"cZ"h\Y";\ifW\"
UbX" ]g" W\Uf[YX" k]h\" fYgdcbg]V]`]hm" Zcf" pgdYU_S]b[T"
?cXrg"kcfXg"hc"h\Y";\ifW\"UbX"hc"h\Y"kcf`X)"Ug"h\Y"fYd*
fYgYbhUh]jY"cZ"Sh\YT";\ifW\+"+"+"+"q":]g\cd";iffm"gYfjYg"
Ug" h\Y" ;\U]f" cZ" h\Y" =d]gWcdU`" ;\ifW\rg" =lYWih]jY"
;cibW]`)" k\]W\" cjYfgYYg" h\Y" dfc[fUa" UbX" dc`]W]Yg"
UXcdhYX"Vm"h\Y"?YbYfU`";cbjYbh]cb"VYhkYYb"]hg"hf]Yb*
b]U`"aYYh]b[g+"
" Amicus curiae"h\Y"JYj+"?Um";`Uf_"BYbb]b[g"]g"h\Y"
HfYg]XYbh" cZ" h\Y"@cigY" cZ"
9dd+"/"
WcbX]h]cbg" Zcf" U"dckYfZi`"UbX"j]VfUbh" BYk]g\" `]ZY" Zcf"
h\Y"]bX]j]XiU`"aYaVYfg"cZ"]hg"gUWfYX"Wcaaib]h]Yg+"
" Amicus curiae" ?YbYfU`" KmbcX" cZ" h\Y" Mb]hYX"
;\ifW\" cZ" ;\f]gh" ]g" h\Y" fYdfYgYbhUh]jY" VcXm" cZ" h\]g"
HfchYghUbh"XYbca]bUh]cb"cZ"acfY"h\Ub"6--)---"aYa*
VYfg"UbX"acfY"h\Ub"2---"W\ifW\Yg+"
" Amicus curiae"L\Y";YbhfU`";cbZYfYbWY"cZ"9aYf]*
WUb" JUVV]g)" k\cgY" aYaVYfg\]d" ]bW`iXYg" acfY" h\Ub"
/)---" JYZcfa" fUVV]g)" WcaYg" hc" h\Y" ]ggiY" cih" cZ" XYYd"
Wcaa]haYbh"hc"Ybgif]b["YeiU`]hm"Zcf"U``"cZ"?cXrg"W\]`*
XfYb+";;9J"cddcgYg"X]gWf]a]bUh]cb"U[U]bgh"U``"]bX]j]X*
iU`g"UbX"UfY"Wcaa]hhYX"hc"h\Y"Zi``"YeiU`]hm)"]bW`ig]cb)"
UbX"dfchYWh]cb"cZ"dYcd`Y"cZ"U``"[YbXYf"]XYbh]h]Yg)"[YbXYf"
YldfYgg]cbg)"UbX"gYliU`"cf]YbhUh]cbg)"Zcf"h\Y"ghUad"cZ"
h\Y"
9dd+"0"
" Amicus curiae"Mb]hUf]Ub"Mb]jYfgU`]gh"9ggcW]Uh]cb"
kUg" ZcibXYX" ]b".63."UbX"\Ug"bifhifYX"U"\Yf]hU[Y"cZ"
dfcj]X]b["U"ghfcb["jc]WY" Zcf"gcW]U`" ^igh]WY"UbX" `]VYfU`"
fY`][]cb+" Mb]hUf]Ub" Mb]jYfgU`]ga" ]g" U" WUf]b[)" cdYb*
a]bXYX"ZU]h\"Wcaaib]hm"h\Uh"hfUWYg"]hg"fcchg"]b"Fcfh\"
9aYf]WU"VUW_"hc"h\Y"H]`[f]ag"UbX"h\Y"Hif]hUbg+"
" Amicus curiae"Mb]cb"L\Yc`c[]WU`"KYa]bUfm"]b"h\Y"
;]hm"cZ"FYk"Qcf_"`]jYg"cih"U"ZcfaUh]jY"WU``"hc"gYfj]WY"
Vm"hfU]b]b["dYcd`Y"cZ"U``"ZU]h\g"UbX"bcbY"k\c"UfY"WU``YX"
hc"h\Y"kcf_"cZ"gcW]U`"^igh]WY"]b"h\Y"kcf`X+"Ab".503)"b]bY"
HfYgVmhYf]Ub"a]b]ghYfg" ZYY`]b[" pXYYd`m" ]adfYggYX" Vm"
h\Y"W`U]ag"cZ"h\Y"kcf`X"idcb"h\Y"W\ifW\)q"YghUV`]g\YX"
Mb]cb" ]b" h\Y"a]Xgh" cZ" k\Uh" h\Ym" fYWc[b]nYX" Ug" ph\Y"
[fYUhYgh" UbX" acgh" [fck]b[" Wcaaib]hm" ]b"9aYf]WU+q"
O]h\" fcchg" h\Uh" UfY" fa`m"d`UbhYX" ]b" h\Y"HfchYghUbh"
hfUX]h]cb)"Mb]cb"UWh]jY`m"fYZcfag"]hgY`Z"]b"fYgdcbgY"hc"
h\Y"W\Ub[]b["bYYXg"cZ"h\Y"kcf`X"UbX"Ub"Yjc`j]b["ib*
XYfghUbX]b["cZ"k\Uh"]h"aYUbg"hc"VY"ZU]h\Zi`+"
" Amicus curiae"9iVifb"L\Yc`c[]WU`"KYa]bUfm"kUg"
ZcibXYX"/--"mYUfg"U[c"Ug"U"HfYgVmhYf]Ub"gYa]bUfm+"Lc*
XUm)"9iVifb"]g"h\Y"WcbjYb]b["WYbhYf"cZ"h\Y"ai`h]*ZU]h\"
acjYaYbh" Zcf" ^igh]WY+" >fca" `cWU`" hc" [`cVU`)" 9iVifb"
Yei]dg"`YUXYfg"cZ"ZU]h\"UbX"acfU`"WcifU[Y"UbX"Vf]b[g"
hc[Yh\Yf" ib`]_Y`m" dUfhbYfg" hc" UXXfYgg" dfYgYbh*XUm"
W\U``Yb[Yg+"
" Amicus curiae" :fUjY";caacbg" gYY_g" hc" Y`YjUhY"
h\Y"jc]WYg"cZ"D?:LI("ghiXYbhg"kcf_]b["k]h\]b"UbX"VY*
mcbX";\f]gh]Ub"ib]jYfg]h]Yg"]b"h\Y"Mb]hYX"KhUhYg+"
" Amicus curiae" ;\]WU[c" L\Yc`c[]WU`" KYa]bUfm)" U"
gYa]bUfm"UZ `]UhYX"k]h\"h\Y"Mb]hYX";\ifW\"cZ";\f]gh)"
9dd+"1"
gYfjYg"?cX)";\f]ghrg";\ifW\)"ai`h]d`Y"ZU]h\"Wcaaib]*
h]Yg)"UbX"h\Y"`Uf[Yf"kcf`X"Vm"YXiWUh]b["dYfgcbg"h\Yc*
`c[]WU``m"UbX"Wi`h]jUh]b["h\Y"]bhY``YWhiU`)"dUghcfU`)"UbX"
gd]f]hiU`"WUdUW]h]Yg"cZ"`Um"UbX"cfXU]bYX"fY`][]cig"`YUX*
Yfg)" gW\c`Ufg)" UbX" UWh]j]ghg"k\c" Wcbhf]VihY" hc" h\Y" ]b*
WfYUgY"cZ"^igh]WY"UbX"aYfWm+"
" Amicus curiae" ;cjYbUbh" FYhkcf_" cZ" HfYgVmhYf]*
Ubg)" U" bUh]cbU`" [fcid" cZ" a]b]ghYfg" UbX" `Um" `YUXYfg)"
gYY_g"hc"giddcfh"h\Y"a]gg]cb"UbX"ib]hm"cZ"h\Y"HfYgVm*
hYf]Ub" ;\ifW\" &M+K+9+'8" Ufh]Wi`UhY" UbX" UWh" cb" h\Y"
W\ifW\rg"\]ghcf]W)" dfc[fYgg]jY" j]g]cb8"kcf_" Zcf" U" Zi``m"
]bW`ig]jY"W\ifW\"UbX"gcW]Yhm8"UbX" bX"kUmg"hc"YaVcXm"
h\Y"[fUWY"UbX"\cgd]hU`]hm"cZ"h\Y"[cgdY`+"
" Amicus curiae" f]YbXg"
&IiU_Yfg'+">D?:LI;"XYYd`m"\cbcfg)"UZ fag)"UbX"id*
\c`Xg"h\Uh"cZ"?cX"]b"U``"dYcd`Y+"OY"gYY_"hc"_bck"h\Uh"cZ"
?cX"k]h\]b"cifgY`jYg"UbX"ch\Yfg+"OY"gYY_" hc"YldfYgg"
?cXrg" hfih\" ]b" h\Y" IiU_Yf" UbX" ]b" h\Y" `YgV]Ub,[Um,"
V]gYliU`,hfUbggYliU`,hfUbg[YbXYf"Wcaaib]h]Yg)"Ug"]h"]g"
aUXY"_bckb"hc"ig+"
9dd+"2"
" Amicus curiae"AbhYfZU]h\"9``]UbWY">cibXUh]cb"]g"U"
bUh]cbU`"bcb*dfc h"cf[Ub]nUh]cb"Wcaa]hhYX"hc"dfcach*
]b[" hfiY" fY`][]cig" ZfYYXca" UbX" ghfYb[h\Yb]b[" h\Y"
gYdUfUh]cb" VYhkYYb" fY`][]cb" UbX" [cjYfbaYbh+" O]h\"
aYaVYfg"Zfca"cjYf"42"hfUX]h]cbg"UbX"cZ"bc"ZU]h\)"AbhYf*
ZU]h\"9``]UbWY"dfcachYg"dc`]W]Yg"h\Uh"dfchYWh"dYfgcbU`"
VY`]YZ)"WcaVUh"YlhfYa]ga)"UbX"YbgifY"h\Uh"U``"9aYf]*
WUbg"UfY"hfYUhYX"YeiU``m"ibXYf"`Uk+"
" Amicus curiae"EYb"cZ"JYZcfa"BiXU]ga"WcaYg" hc"
h\Y"]ggiY"cih"cZ"XYYd"Wcaa]haYbh"hc"Ybgif]b["YeiU`]hm"
Zcf"U``"cZ"?cXrg"W\]`XfYb+"EJB"cddcgYg"X]gWf]a]bUh]cb"
U[U]bgh"U``" ]bX]j]XiU`g"UbX"UfY"Wcaa]hhYX"hc"h\Y" Zi``"
YeiU`]hm)"]bW`ig]cb)"UbX"dfchYWh]cb"cZ"dYcd`Y"cZ"U``"[Yb*
XYf"]XYbh]h]Yg)"[YbXYf"YldfYgg]cbg)"UbX"gYliU`"cf]YbhU*
h]cbg)"Zcf"h\Y"ghUad"cZ"h\Y"YXYfUh]cb"Zcf"KcW]U`"9W*
h]cb" acV]`]nYg" W`Yf[m" UbX" `U]hm" k]h\]b" L\Y" Mb]hYX"
EYh\cX]gh" ;\ifW\" hc" hU_Y" UWh]cb" cb" ]ggiYg" cZ" dYUWY)"
dcjYfhm)"UbX"dYcd`Yrg"f][\hg"k]h\]b"h\Y"W\ifW\)"h\Y"bU*
h]cb)"UbX"h\Y"kcf`X+"
" Amicus curiae" EcfY" D][\h" HfYgVmhYf]Ubg" fYdfY*
gYbhg"`YgV]Ub)"[Um)"V]gYliU`)"UbX"hfUbg[YbXYf"dYcd`Y"]b"
h\Y" `]Zh)" a]b]ghfm)" UbX" k]hbYgg" cZ" h\Y" HfYgVmhYf]Ub"
;\ifW\"&M+K+9+'"UbX"]b"gcW]Yhm+"
" Amicus curiae"Eig`]ag"Zcf"Hfc[fYgg]jY"NU`iYg"]g"
[i]XYX"Vm"h\Y"Zc``ck]b["hYb"df]bW]d`Yg)"YUW\"cZ"k\]W\"]g"
fcchYX"]b"Ag`Ua7"Wc``YWh]jY"]XYbh]hm)"YeiU`]hm)"gYdUfUh]cb"
cZ" fY`][]cig"UbX" ghUhY" Uih\cf]h]Yg)" ZfYYXca"cZ" gdYYW\)"
ib]jYfgU`" \iaUb" f][\hg)" [YbXYf" YeiU`]hm)" D?:LI"
9dd+"3"
]bW`ig]cb)"Wf]h]WU`"UbU`mg]g"UbX"]bhYfdfYhUh]cb)"WcadUg*
g]cb)"UbX"X]jYfg]hm+"
" Amicus curiae"L\Y"GdYb"UbX"9Z fa]b[";cU`]h]cb"
cZ"h\Y"Mb]hYX";\ifW\"cZ";\f]gh" ]g"U"bYhkcf_"cZ".)1--"
;\f]gh]Ub" Wcb[fY[Uh]cbg" h\Uh" kY`WcaY" UbX" UXjcWUhY"
Zcf"h\Y]f"`YgV]Ub)"[Um)"V]gYliU`"UbX"hfUbg[YbXYf"bY][\*
Vcfg+"
" Amicus curiae" JYWcbW]`]b[" E]b]ghf]Yg" FYhkcf_"
gYfjYg"`YgV]Ub)"[Um"V]gYliU`)"UbX"hfUbg[YbXYf"Mb]hYX"
EYh\cX]ghg" UbX" h\Y]f" U``]Yg" hc" hfUbgZcfa" h\Y]f"kcf`X"
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