Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings · national policy, industry and industry associations,...

Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings IEA SHC Task 40 / EBC Annex 52

Josef Ayoub Operating Agent

Seminario: Riqualificazione di edifici esistenti con elevati standard energetici: metodi e tecnologie

ENEA, Rome, Italy

12 giugno 2013

Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52

Achieving a Sustainable Energy Future in Buildings

Energy use in buildings worldwide accounts for over 40% of primary energy use and 24% of greenhouse gas emissions (Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments, IEA, Paris. 2008)

Simply increasing energy supply will not solve the current energy supply and security situation and associated environmental problems.

Given the challenges related to climate change and resource shortages, making residential and non-residential buildings more energy- and resource-efficient while maintaining thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness represents and enormous opportunity to save money and reduce pollution

Radical improvements in the energy performance and use of renewables in buildings are required

All three imperatives

are simultaneously

addressed

Source: NREL, 2011


Context

Currently, a prominent vision proposes so called “net zero energy” (USA), “net zero carbon” (UK) or “EQuilibrium” buildings (Canada)

A maze of definitions

Although these terms have different meaning and are poorly understood, several IEA countries have adopted this vision as a long-term goal of their building energy policies

1. Low energy house

2. High performance buildings

3. Energy saving house

4. Ultra low energy house

5. Zero energy house

6. Zero energy buildings

7. Passive house

8. Zero heating energy house

9. Plus energy house

10. Zero carbon house

11. Emission free house

12. Carbon free house

13. Energy self sufficient

14. BREEAM building

15. EQuilibrium house

16. Green building

17. Very low energy house

18. Climatic active house


Annex 52/Task 40 Overview

Objective: To provide a clear definition and international agreement on the measures of building performance that could inform “zero energy” building policies, programs and industry adoption

Scope: Residential, non-residential, clusters, different climates.

Means:

Subtask A: Definitions and Implications

Subtask B: Design Processes and tools

Subtask C: Solution Sets (Adv. Design, Eng., Tech.)

Subtask D: Dissemination and Outreach

Period: Oct. 2008 – Sept 2013


Between 55 – 60 experts + 15 or so regular participants and contributors

90% universities/academia (professors, PhD students)

National labs (NREL, CanmetENERGY, EURAC, AEE)

Industry (Samsung, GROCON, others)

New member China expressed interest in joining… but granted them observer status for last 2 meetings

USA Status is uncertain - they have not officially withdrawn but have not participated in last 3 group meetings

Participation – Excellent!


R&D work program


Planned Outputs/Deliverables

Source book (s) targeting specific groups such as

national policy, industry and industry associations,

utilities, academia, funding programs Vol. 1 - Definition and Methodologies (STA – DEU/ITA)

Vol. 2 - Design Tools and Processes (STB – Canada/US)

Vol. 3 - Case Studies (France, New Zealand)

Databases of over 50+ case studies from 19

countries and different climatic conditions

Stand-alone technical reports, conference papers A

PhD education network (professional development

courses, training material) Website (“NZEB

Knowledge Centre”)


+

=

METRIC final energy

primary energy, n. r.

primary energy, total

carbon emission

exergy

costs

BALANCE PERIOD operation year

total period of utilization

life cycle

BALANCE BOUNDARY HVAC, DHW & lighting

+ appliances & central services

+ electro mobility

+ embodied energy

Input

Output

energy needs

feed-in credits

needs exceed credits

Framework

Subtask A: Definitions & Implications


•energy

•demand

•feed-in / generation credits

•on-site

•generation

• load

•reference

•building

• delivered energy

• self-

consumption

•energy efficiency

•exported energy

Net ZEB Energy Balance Check •Reference: Energy & Buildings paper

Planning: Generation/Load

Independent calculation of on-site energy generation (PV, CHP,...) and building total energy demand

Operation: Export/Delivered

monitoring of net energy flow at the point of grid interaction considering internal load match.

Mixed : “Virtual” Load Match

Independent calculation of on-site energy generation and demand plus monthly based balance.

•load

•monthly net

•generation

•monthly net

•virtual monthly self-consumption

Subtask A: Definitions & Implications


Defining the Share of Renewables?

European Parliament on Zero Energy Building Regulation


Journal Publications


Net ZEB Evaluation Tool (Lead by EURAC ,Bolzano, Italy)

An excel-based tool that enables energy balance, operating cost and load match index calculation for predefined selected definitions.

It aims at evaluating solutions adopted in building design with respect to different Net ZEB definitions (for building designers), assessing the balance in monitored buildings (for energy managers), and assisting the upcoming implementation process of Net ZEBs within the national normative framework (for decision makers).


Source Book Vol.1

2000+ copies sold worldwide


Subtask B: Design Tools & Processes

Three major activities

1. Document processes & tools currently being used or under development to design NZEBs

2. Select design tools and evaluate with in-depth case studies.

3. Develop model-based tools guide, in-depth worked examples of projects to support industry adoption.

Volume 2 of the source book to be published by Wiley & Sons


Design methodologies versus optimization approach - issues

Passive solar design

Active solar and PV (add-on)

Building-integrated technologies: BIPV, BIPV/T, thermal storage

Control strategies, peak loads.

Cost (total? Relative?)

Early stage design – biggest impact

NZE goal modeling

How many energy/HVAC configurations?

Building shapes (e.g. L)

How is comfort included?

Controls?

BEOpt

Design approach Optimization


Subtask B: Design Process & Tools Matrix

What is the appropriate model resolution for each stage of the design?

What is the role of simple spreadsheet-based tools (e.g., RETScreen and PHPP) versus more advanced detailed simulation?

What other tool capabilities are needed to model new technologies such as building fabric-integrated storage (PCMs), BIPV/T?

Access to data on technologies and design methodology to give better models


17

Optimal combination of solar, CHP and energy efficiency technologies and techniques provides different pathways to reach net-zero

Solar energy: electricity + daylight + heat

Integrated approach to energy efficiency and passive design

Integrated design & operation: smart

Solar optimization: requires optimal design of form

Smart NetZEB concept

Why smart? NZEBs must be comfortable and optimally interact with a smart grid

BIPV/T


Key features of EcoTerra House

Passive Solar Heating

Large south-facing windows (RSI 1)

Passive Charge Concrete Slab & Brick Wall

Motorized Blinds

BIPV/T PV panel Cooling

Drying Clothes

DWH heating

Ventilated Concrete Slab heating

Geothermal HP Forced-Air Space heating/cooling

DWH heating

Ventilation Fan

Return Air

Exhaust Air Interior

Brick Wall

Well Water

Outdoor

Air Inlet

BIPV/T System

A/W Heat

ExchangerGeothermal Heatpump

(source is

well water)

Ventilated Slab

Supply Air

DHW

Preheat

Tank

DHW

Tank

Electrical Heater

Potable Water

Non-potable Water

Desuper-

heater from Heatpump

Circulator

Air Flow

Direction

Water Flow

DirectionWell Water

HRV

Fresh Air

Exhaust Air

Exhaust

Dryer

Passive Charge Slab

(direct solar gain)

Drain Water Heat Recovery

Variable

Speed Fan

Damper


NetZEB Detailed Case Studies

1) EcoTerra House, Eastman (near Montreal), Canada

3) NREL Research Support Facilities (RSF), Golden,

USA

2)EnerPos , Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France

4) Leaf House, Angeli di Rosara, Italy

1. Document the following

the design process

which modeling tools were used and how

notable features of each building

gaps of existing tools in designing NetZEB

building energy use and comfort

2. Study accuracy of modeling tools and use calibrated energy models to analyze building performance

3. Re-design case studies


Vol. 2: NetZEB Model Resolution and Design

Appropriate model resolution for NetZEBs

Model resolution by design stage

Coupling/decoupling models

Geometry and thermal zoning

Lighting/Daylighting

Renewable energy systems

HVAC

Planning and programming

Cost to change design

Opportunity for influence

Schematic design

Design development

Construction douments

ConstructionSimulation-supported design techniques for NetZEBs

Climate analysis/site assessment

Solar design days

Parametric/sensitivity analysis


Demand Reduction and Export to Grid: Example summer day for residential building in Canada

• Peak demand outside of generating hours;

• House supplies energy to grid during daytime


0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

0 6 12 18 24Time (hrs)

kW

BIPV GenerationHouse Load

-8.0

-4.0

0.0

4.0

8.0

0 6 12 18 24

Time (hrs)

kW

-8

-4

0

4

8

MW

Energy Exported to Grid

Aggregated Grid Load

Figure 1. Load matching (left) refers to the relationship between a buildings own generation and load. Grid interaction (right) alludes to the relationship between the energy exported/imported to the grid and the load conditions of the grid itself.

Relevance of LMGI issues (peak demand, relationship with smart grid, predictive controls and energy storage technologies).

Load Matching and Grid Interaction in NetZEBs (chapter in volume 2)


NetZEBs Source Books: Volume 2


Path to NetZEB

Integrate passive solar design

Improve building envelope

Reduce interior

Demand loads

Heat

Power

Ph

ase

2D

isp

lace

fo

ssils

w

ith

on

-sit

e ge

ner

atio

n f

rom

ren

ewab

les

Ph

ase

1D

eman

d a

bat

emen

t &

imp

rove

d

Ener

gy p

rod

uct

ivit

y

Pogharian/Ayoub

The value of good design

Invest in doing it right!

Dispelling the cost myth – “whole building” approach

Deliver efficiency W/O inconvenience

An energy education

Reduce energy use through conservation

Emerging green energy technologies

First consideration before design, efficiency, and conservation have been optimised


Vol.3 NetZEB Solution Sets (Provide solutions sets to aid industry uptake)

“solutions” by Climate

Technology (active / passive)

Building type (residential / non-residential)

Monitored vs designed data


Example of information in Vol.3


Detailed Project Factsheets (Technical report #DC.TR1)

30 detailed case studies in PDF format

Approximately 120 pages

Information compilation is completed

Factsheet development in progress (feedback from country/case study champions)

Expected completion Q2, 2013


Leaf House - Italy


Casa Zero Energy - Italy


Laion Solar Active House – S. Italy


Schiestl Schutzhutte Hochschwab - CH


Marché International - Switzerland


EFH Riehen Housing - Switzerland


Kraftwerk - Switzerland


Plus Energy Houses - Germany


Plus Energy Settlement Freiburg – Germany


Plus Energy School Hohen Neuendorf - Germany


KLEE Hause - Germany


Pantin Primary School - France


Kyoto High School - France


Le Charpark, Institut d'Études Scientifiques de Cargèse - Corsica


EnerPos Building, Université de la Réunion, France


L’Ilet de Centre Saint-Pierre (centre-ville) – Reunion Island


Green Office- France


Energy Flex Homes - Denmark


Solar XXI - Portugal


CIRCE Building – Zaragosa, Spain


Lima House - Spain


Meridian – New Zealand


Pixel - Australia


Riverdale EQuilibrium House - Canada


EcoTerra EQuilibrium House - Canada


http://www.enob.info/en/net-zero-energy-buildings/map/

Now established platform of STA/STC and officially linked from task web page

World Wide Net ZEB Map









PhD Workshop on NetZEBs (Solution sets based on worked case studies)

Venue: IESC, Scientific

Research Institute of

Cargese, Corsica (France)

Date: September 24-28,

2012

Participants: 18 PhD-level

students from 7 countries; 2

subtask C leaders; lecturers

from academia, government

and industry


http://www.iea-shc.org/task40/events/Montreal-PhD/index.html


Italy vs. World, A Friendly, Naples, May 2012


Subtask D: Dissemination & Outreach

• Task website: http://task40.iea-shc.org • Task flyers / info brochures • Technical Reports • Work/conference papers(30 posted)

http://task40.iea-shc.org/




Zero Energy Building

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building

Different kind of balancing





Dissemination/influencing policy


7th Experts Meeting, Naples, May 2012


Exchange of ideas and information.

Disseminate the Task 40 activities outputs.

Transfer of know-how.

To establish co-operation (RES and energy efficiency).


Experts Group Meetings

10th EG Meeting, Canada

End

1st EG Meeting, Montréal, Canada

2nd EG Meeting, Wupperta, Germany

Sept. 2013

May 2009

Oct. 2009

May 2010

3rd EG Meeting, Réunion, France

Sept. 2010

April 4 -6, 2011

Oct.5 -7 2011

May 2012

Oct. 1-3, 2012

April 30 - May 2, 2013

4th EG Meeting, Graz, Austria

6th EG Meeting, Basel, Switzerland

8th EG Meeting, Barcelona, Spain

5th EG Meeting. Golden, USA

7th EG Meeting, Naples, Italy

9th EG Copenhagen, Denmark

PhD

PhD


For more information

Josef Ayoub CanmetENERGY/Natural Resources Canada

P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Québec

CANADA J3X 1S6

Phone:+ (1) 450-652-1981

Fax: + (1) 450- 652-5177

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca

mailto:[email protected]

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