Tien Forum 2-18-07
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Transcript of Tien Forum 2-18-07
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1
Cell Phones Impact and
Its 4GByDr. William C.Y. Lee
Chairman, Treyspan Inc,Formerly VP and Chief Scientist
Vodafone AirTouch PLC
Chancellor Tien Forum
At ITRI- USA
Feb. 8, 2007
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Mobile Communications Had
An Uneasy and Shaky Past
Caused By Congress Caused By FCC
Caused By Industry
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Why Mobile communications
Research Started in 1964 at Bell
Labs.
Congress took away the satellitecommunications Business from AT&T
New research for Mobiletelecommunications was needed
Picture Phone market could not be takenoff
IC technology for car phones was possible
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The Policy of The USA Congress
Afraid of Monopoly 1% of AT&T annual revenue to support Bell Labs,
created IPR used by the industry without pay
1974: Asked AT&T to open bid its car phone
manufacturing to the industry 1974 OKI won the bid for the first 200 car
phones
1975 OKI, Motorola, E.F.Johnson won the1800 car phones
1981: Judge Harold Green was in chargedivesting AT&T
1983: AT&Ts 22 operating companies became 7
baby Bellcompanies and were divested 1983 Mobile phone business went to Baby Bells
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FCCs Counteractive Rule-Making on
Spectrum for Mobile Communications
Before 1974: Allocated 82 channels, 6MHz/ch., in UHF Band to TV Industry.
Thus 10 GHz band was only possible formobile communication
After 1974: Allocated 70MHzx2 spectrumin 800MHz band. Among them, 40 MHz wasput in use and 30 MHz was reserved
1983: Within 40 MHz allocation, 20 MHzwent to telephone companies and 20 MHzwent to non-telephone companies.
1983: First USA cellular system operated
in Chicago.
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The Factors of Delay
Deploying Until 1983
Complained by RCC (RadioCommon Carriers), an industrygroup of dispatching and paging
Tried to avoid to be divested
Took time to negotiate amongthe industry.
A resale policy was created
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The Key Factor of Making 1G
Successful
Requirement Quality No bottleneck as a market product Handoff feature High capacity
Successful Factors Took a large scale trial at Chicago in 1977-1978 Excellent quality User Friendly, like landline phones
Drawbacks Needed rooftop antennas Transceivers were in the car trunks
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GSMs Story
An European digital mobile systemdeveloped in 1983 and deployed in 1991
Was threatened by UKs CT-2
Not designed for a high capacity system atthe time
No licensed fee to pay for themanufacturers in European Community
Accepted by China and fully deployed in1995
Becomes almost a global system
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Fate of NA-TDMA
1987 CTIA formed a sub-committee toselect a 2G system, a high capacity system(10x AMPS) for Northern America
FDMA was first tentatively chosen
Decided TDMA because of GSMs influence
A poor designed system for high capacity
CDMAs superiority Finally TDMA converted to GSM systems
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Why CDMA
MILESTONE
Qualcomm visited Pactel and asked astudy contract for using CDMA in Cellularsystem in Feb. 1989 but lack of a power
control scheme In April 1989, Qualcomm returned to
Pactel with a new created power controlscheme
Pactel knew the NA-TDMA would befailed, challenged Qualcomm to make ademo in six months and funded themone million dollars.
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Why CDMA (cont.)MILESTONE (cont.)
August 1989 Pactel funded another onemillions dollars
Nov.3, 1989, a demo was taken placein San Diego; two sites and one carphone. Pactel provided technicalassistance and the spectrum for them
The 1989 demo was made verysuccessfully and shocked world
Nov.1990 Korea bought CDMAtechniques from Qualcomm through
Pactels introduction
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WHY CDMA (Cont.)
REVIEW THE HISTORY Because of having a new high
capacity system as quick as possible,
only allowed one company to developthe system
Pactel asked FCC to approve a requestto buy Qualcomm but was rejected
Before CDMA became a standard,Qualcomm wrote a CAI (common airinterface). Most big venders boughtit
Pactel deployed CDMA in Jan.1995 in
LA with a poor performance
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Why CDMA (Cont. )
REVIEW THE HISTORY ( cont.)
In 1992 Korea named CDMA its
national standard system Jan. 1996 Korean deployed its CDMA
Sept. 1996 Korean reached 1Mcustomers
Korea made CDMA work and savedCDMA
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3G WAS BORN in 1997
In 1997 Ericsson and DoCoMo startedpromote 3G
In 1998, ITU received 12 Proposed systems.OHG suggested to reduce to 3 WCDMA: European version, Adapted CDMA
with a bandwidth of 5MHz using FDD
CDMA 2000, North America version, usedCDMA with 3x 1.25 MHz bandwidth UsingFDD
UTRA-TDD/TD-SCDMA: adapted CDMA witha bandwidth of 5 MHz or 1.6MHz using TDD
Three standard groups were formed
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3G System
REVIEW THE HISTORY Too hurry to choose the technology
CDMA is a powerful technology forvoice communications but not for
high speed data Standard body could not finish a spec.
earlier due to the dispute caused bythe protection of each companysown interest
Multimedia applications demanded bythe users started from 2002
WiMax s OFDM can meet the highspeed data requirement
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3Gs Current Situation
India decides to go directly to 4G
China are evaluating its TD-SCDMA
In high speed data transmission, CDMA cannot compete with OFDM
Use of CDMA needs to pay a high IPR fee
TD-SCDMAs performance is not as good asthe other two 3Gs due to its started behind
A 4G forum was formed by Samsung in 2003
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B3G (Beyond 3G)
WiFi and WiMAX are the B3G systems
Using OFDM technology
Intel announced WiMAX chip will beimbedded in PC in 2007 and inhandset in 2008
WiBro, Korean version of WiMAX has
been deployed in Korea Sprint-Nextel announced to trial
WiMAX in 2007 and deploy in 2008
WiMAX may be an interim system of a
4G system
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Changing the Paradigm
Technology Centric
Operators
A system design
Static applications
Limited coverage
Protected system(walled garden)
Service centric
Users
A common platformdesign
Dynamic applications
Ubiquitous
Open architecture
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4G - The Future Technology
Requirement based on ITU 1 Gbps data speed when stationary
100 Mbps data speed when moving
Search for 4G technology Meeting the requirement with minimum
bandwidth will be the winner
Users Expectation Multimedia application
Operating with long hours
Become a personal mobile office if possible
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Conclusion Handsets development went thru an
uneasy and shaky past AT&T did not receive any IPR fee by
developing car phones but Motoroladid
TDMA was the first digital system. Itcan not compete with CDMA for voicecapacity nor compete with OFDM forhigh speed data transmission
3G may not be a worldwide system.It has lost its timing
B3G will be the interim system for 4G
4G may satisfy the users as apersonal mobile office