\ Y r '

cx -r g"la;; l.s 2. :ts,rJ 6to,.r;-rl-; 12a22 JS.; 2,l, i" ,gla.lrl-; d k .r"_l.rj ua;^b l) J;l 6ta,;r:rLl ta:i

..$.r _,lJ aa ;_>.-:..(. ;: .;; J3l a5

,f.i l.r 1.r lr 0 J Y, Y rl*- ? . : -to ):21 3.rJ .gb.;r;rL; r( |

; :A= { y , y ,0 } f - xsC dKrU . . . !B ! A t - r e r l t r r i r na r . , ! ,X i1 ,A'ar-r,-,", J.AtS""0J y,y 6Lo.r.r1l .(-, l +r,+-1,: l : rfS;; asr4,tas,-oryo;r1l

n(6): f .,.>*l *;zs Y,glll.r A 'as3

".. uy7"og-l ,: tg--S,l

n(B) : A .J.,ln B \2 ,1i 3 .to-,-9..ac_9 :., s.(_ !))r,o4.11 ?. ;*Jr. 6b.l1L: l";; r,ii.

cl-l ir;l: -* + ,6t i -r r"-lr J-!l A: aS ?..r.rc.gtaoJrL; J"|;;r9.,". iii

n(C) : | . r+ , , . r -k l - , r i . r , r r t : C , .11 asr : , - ^p + to2 z", ;r;l:.p, jJ.; 1.1 ?. oj.p:.9t0..r;rk.- .f,t* D tJ.r* ;ii

rd , , y t " l * - )n (D) - - / ! r ; t :.tel .u; JLtJ lr ? " ;to gD;irLJ f J.U ar,.r". b.r; a.lr; r,"-l e brrl @ a

, * { t \ '21 'o le l r ta ; i .g to - ly - l *k . } ,1 { t , \ " , \ y } :c - : te ; l . } - ) r {1 ,? , \ .1 , . J ; . )'.;! t.(- ) L,,.;e:+t: rf

f .5,;-,1.'+-l a*.; ',b-,rk @

- ( (

,;*,|*2$ird :Ur)Cl, .s A d_;;"*

a4*l+ li-r** 4r.aet .',-.66ta.* r.--,J,bac.e -..,.,-k.,. G) o ---^,,;5-6lar;crlf !;*ga:r-;aiiL6 tsb3.-*,,aca,"-....(_,5b Y

t' i,Z

' {f ,f } r*"-r.r {Y,l,f } 6La,g,-lyl: l:r;;.eL 6l-.r- Lc-e.*, LAsra,-. /tL

*L6;!^ zL-,-l -t .,Ytl n:Y <-- @rF,*l;:-LrC^-r) UXC/Aer.2L.. ) o_eJ ,u-r.r:L o-tr.5lr;t!U,-t"r;; ,l"L t ir)t-,.,(!lit-

;lrt(:;;31l ,rr.r:.u;oKil,j:rle..)lr6-:;D;lo4J,g--Sed:J[:.,sl:r"5,r..,:Lir,,I

gti l j l gla:-l uati -, Ot* gl l ,-*L-t ) ' teJ.t 'r-arl [ d JLrr ,f- l ,r-t u4;Ll)

Ytl

' *Str .rU:1 I !u.' tr<,.rrtl ;r! J (.r-, ti,}f, )L 6 * 3"q- 2 tF I ol I ugat) o;;t ;a

t'Vn "p*tg {$!a'rzt, Q, t b p; 6 VA A' )^-') t* ut

^4,g,,, ,frt-* n? . t * O ) t l 6 V & =

{ r , Y , ? , l o , l l , Y o , r " , ' " }

(-:,tvD(ztr,!: (=^tt-v ) ?* 6lt, (.r\- n1"-"g),t -'ti't U'

( , r rv , V -YYY ) ( ' - : - " t r t7 'G' - - t : ; t ' /U l f / '

elrrt ,b6;rnli tc*t ult -;, €t'n

{r,r, ,} = Lr,,,4-- {r ' ' ' ' }--[r ' t"] = l t ' r '*]--{t '* ' t}, .t ,, ,;"rr6t #,-ts

?ts Us t

P-PA )tu/t)6a/fy2)I --

IA xVx| / x 7

-*I

./- ,/

O-t t- ,A \d,a,b\ ,,t .u;-rLti' ,nle CJt^-;* A-* t ( 6*'

ir.: i to,b] U,.l UD

Note: fi Sel, does not change if one or more eLements of th.

set aru reVeatel' For exumpLe' the sets n=\tn'l\

and o=lz,Z,7 J,3] c^Ye 'e1uaL ' | ince eerch etemtnt

oJ a ir in B ond vrce-YeYss'-fhot is wh1 we 6enera!1

do not re7eal ot1 tlement in Jescrt:btng qpet'

Yrf

. r+r .,"i,_k | ; j; 4 y b 3.t,lc-. I acr *..,-(,, tS ua>* ; rgborLo ; I .i_,, 1.6 _\

X \ Y ; I ;&y' g I .,.rc a., (6X ;t 1.t S";rt1; (v /e, S. r,r*! 6la:.rc (-iJ Ic-4u Qr'l <--,'l*j

# -t I, Jl,- g t,4 t te e.tz....(,_ 6 tn9"ac,-rr:r ;b L r \ + t \ _l,) A <-u Cl,F;" A = {*L, $, J, i} r,.-,.r: r,-ti A = { \,y,\,f ,O},ct"t (.n t

B=l dtar$e)3pa l.,1.3iB = {0,t,0,V} .,, A JJc sr1 6rlr<! "l);

*.(1L J , ' ' - ' r v '

. r * , - i , r

orlr r,Li.; 611 g-$.,!r, A = {a,b,o,V} ;::-p\ l) A.ae= r, t@t*,1 A 3^bsat €lr€ ta e A .l,.l-i,l c*,1 Abr,e., ;l ,9r,zs. aaS,;,-l

.rr;-"=j A 3"bsln trlrg sl e l, f*,-trl,d*+ A ,"bol )re Jr> r

lr Alr.f 1.1 ,.s2"^. :6j 2lt9nj jl oll.i."*l U tlc1.a, uri-tj'ast r,. JV rlrr r, l:b.r-L; *-r i:-.fu 6ta-L;. t to.r-.-,l o.rl;-*l

1l o-rLc.*l l "i-L;

6 rror.r .r-Li u\s.t Jtse* l, A = {\,y,y,f }- , .

V.ydta7Yam C)2t'/. l - * { l , ! | ! l J & a )

f)B t A'at2,*, 2:6,1 aS ,0t .t l t* 1 4"i ! -\

qS *;a6t i-tt.,;s ! lt B r A.gbaoj^-.. ,c*l o.u;

s A + Llt "a*; o;-.,1: ao la.:.rc

,,1..6 ..gl: u-_f .r, ,lrr- 5 L l2 ao-9--., 9r

!l;b .19-9 B i:-" "-.*..u> aerc'. ,f_l ..i.rt i B l, 6\ e +*,-Jt lr Jll C, ! dt st 6b:.r icj.-., _l

E={ } (:rir,,;*))/b),-e}." !.,;1.,t )

r

, r d

.*2e

- ! = { a , b , c , s , f , k } , 8 = t s , f , R , n , n }: .r-r5.r.E;;r l, B = {0,f ,V,A} ., A = {\,Y,Y,f ,0,t}

'a.ce ",-, 2: _l

,Li Lr

J A 6

,,t bp.-r/^,2;+e l@ l, l"] G6tl, (6pn-ul( set L <mrtLt set

t "*,N,l ,i br-,- lr;i,.uL a:;l.r .r;-y ,grt 6tlio, ," Jl,,{.} \- {A} br*r,,|aoj*:r. y"l 6 ,:-,+i ((.ra!rcr,. n-L; {} l-A

.i-d,F ,.u;-.,.r ';c c.(- 6l2l.r ,,1.r5

lr lr .rr .sloo_,1*.;e t.uL .r.O ior,"*., !.ur: eLi,; ,.1151 a5 .g-_; o,Lc a- _\

Y'rt ,g .+5 u*,-ti. ,r,; .gtr.r*X4 .tlootyO+) . -r;!,as-,.K- l Lrt 6,l ac 2*,., ;sS ur;*l 1l.6rl a5 +-,-31 olt c a* _y

\l /94 (..rib.r. ,9 s,zs,K-61-o ac.e -.. l2 4[.oacy.',u.ai* x &)r ti l-, 4. t { &y, Lt rS 6, u.;-, 1.2 6,lao3 r*ai ata orlrc _y

, Y,l "sf

.(#,J;r.,1+5

/ { t :t g:il. }l* Ct:,*:.rca*(,.., . XJI*ri :.r;Q-- (-dl

/Yf , r '6to..r- ,Lr(- X,r lJr l r"6^ia* t" / t . ; l j+6Jj l .gbr.r(6

/ r r r ,h , *6 l .o r . r (2 1Jr ; . r . rco(e' +5

"l,K.r;r; .r::[ _f

f a= { - i l l , e r , e . , , . . . , g f }

f g = 1 f , A , \ y , . . . ]

Hc, t. r y "x,5*.b

e6rsbr.o.,@s=1r,r,0,v1

MC,f r.r9b 3 ai jr-'a4^".. -l .r -y cr*r g*,a d;t6r.rc ior,.r,.. (y

Eo= 101 | vpr"*t.sbr.ro 'aey*,(l

En={ } , ;r . i -rJjr,5b:.rro3,"-. ,(olN p'= 1y,f ,i,A) o : h : J::t 6tu:*

.*3"2, (?

.r.rU .EttoJ I d .J- ;eJ,.",,. (\

{r,f,0,t,v,A,t} (Y

{l,a,b}(V

{ t,f ,Y,A} (A

r

1 t! (sz (J 6q& u r; . -, I i6r, rUu,!;'|,a ;t,i -rttu .,* r* -.--,L.^ ts*rl

{ " }

t- l t=)e,y(2*)rr UGI;r l ]o..P -Y

t- '] ,-b, -Y;t.i-fin'd >|a*t; / . ,

-\> *rb 6/ UV& V ,(4rt ;--'Li ,l*./, (,1u, a5*s

2

,tCv y r \

, l l , 1 f l , . . . f' )

r f { N YY I Y , Y , Y , Y

y l, Y ,

{ o , q q , r ' }

(c--

@( ,

(-a

&rc) -.n17; ) *rt, c)", r5, "fir,,), r* 6*16 v is,btfiLc ltk t"[-}"t c]Vct$, (->3;rut4,-*.=-,

':4ili -* CJG+;. (' *

&-_-b;te,1b d+.d" 6,t-=-t* ctr? --24 ef (:sr -r

{r, t,z J ---t* ca-l ,cS

ttr* ,Nry'r\ i ,\ Y ,rv,ro ] ____l* .__ -.,t pS

Y r-* " " 3l'f':,

u-n-,-\ u,'",1 L.,''"pt =

t l ,Y r \ " r \ t , / ,A , t r , y t j

;/'/ 1,.-->-rl.)"U'--st2:*d lJor!'r> sUt "P OE C-;4 fj (l

a) ti*;u-t (i

{ vL v

6 r v

o lY ' Y r

vl

: +fr lLjii JJ Jl)J,o; ! td*l erJ.rr.. S,-exS ua;*;4;bo.rLo rl.S.,-lht_O

R: I r , r ,Y ,

. - - , \ o ]

r " ) l - J : c ' : aco ' ' " z6 l t r u ( ' a l /

c- t,,Y,Y, f,a,?] -" -5 j!-r:'J,:11 ::2,B

o={-qa} vx+l=\ a"ru;-r- i , /

lJ -24reS oT-;e> o342tg (-r X+,8 -21ref af i3>03_,. t$6X 7

A=l I S.-;t;3rr.2ult 6vtsg {

*

;l.u; j ,u--9i o_,t* &- ,aer.tr. f t, rtt s *:*.i_ ,ort r ,l ! rtLr _f

,/Z , 7' +S g*- l2 +;a+, jc6y;o

n(A)= X, !;t l4)- 1* r lulL.-sL A= {\,A,yv,tr,\y0} (;tr

s = {r, v, 1, .-., r r r } J"t,?]lk t;','

f #',{ :i ;= .1, : ;6"6tt=I l o;,;4-f rr ;t ;321 u*su,,oICt"U4.)=t ].:.lb zlri v r f cx aS u!-' g.-. 6to-:.r (-o

(96#= t ) .u,|\,>r'z' 8'*-,r,$l6ta:.rc(e

./ ..r.-iL d.*;.,,&Lort* b+J,J,tt,s.t-b tt JEdtlL_y

dd rf;,* l, acr.-r,....f,- rru[ a-::1.r, lri y " J \ O- 6,r+ :.rc 0r,irLc (.-r.l I

.;-l yzs. -4.* 6l;l.r {y,l,f ,. . .,1} ;r.r,.-.. (.,

.c--,1 ,"zo gS 4;l2l.rA= {.,A}'aep-(Cd€ A*.o;t, rk [ [-.--,, I A r^* 6 : pl l.r I A = {f ,0,V,1,\ \ } ir.r,.,,., a, a-; [ (:

Y" rtU6-rl)rJ6: -V

{ v , , r \ r I . tA

,..-1Q) )*l 6f/ -Y ,lrtrt t ur; -t

r 6 ' l

Y'*c 66of 6*; -r

7r ' / f i

- l o

? r rlA

L* S {5,-l."ti 6 t * 1 : zt \s.t 3",,.a,g t-o r.r J3.r- - \

,.0 e,.*l ;[-K- B , A't.'r,*, r, uu$if^-rj &--)t d -,rLrt^o'te

J^o- 3.> t'.s 3,e g;l 2: l;*l A jl 6 rz.,B * ? s B ;l 6 r,>o,A ;

. A = B f* , - t ,g, t ; l r l rB, A

l.[ I ..:- | y V J lJ t+i C"? &V aS 6 rL a, ;*l ! lr.. .3! _,.rc a- rf,L: A icr,... _l: ,.;lr,ly A I s,il Jf i :: $ uS ua;_:u l, .4[_oacy*, ..t"*._ : ,, *,_r,i ,id[a,;g I l, A

^= l^ ' l ' t ' f a= tv,l ,rJ i" ,? nrJ.sr,,.r ' ; ' t- ' ,knr x ,C= tA,111.!

\r;t; .(-y' rv,t;3rirJ.eta.,.rc .*.., ' .y(r, r,//

o= {n,1, \ . } ' ->* l ) r ,1 l . , td id"( t* 6 J l*ux.Lrs,upye. /

6t ;_lar,:s i..o lr-; :;4 "1"

{V,A,t } ac_p*. [ {A,1,\ . } icy:t". ..r,_.r,-.r d.r:LrLo

.,*-f uL$-')ttJ-lrr .-L; A ,2. aS x;\;B 2.> r3,9-2s! r-l; B r:6.ru! A ,: r; *;zr. f t

@.A+B,.*,-r;.r. J4 JIJB ! A aeJ,.",..

1 ]i:: ':,:1':] '11,l

: .rr.l!.,,17 [aac_e,"-.. ^S +5.t 6th i6laacy^.;.r l; lLi ,Jlol" _\

|7 | f I f i ' * .p " , - , * r r . , ; t y r , l r ; iF

j : , t * j , fu j4 ;y4 ;6 ,s

I -'

I tn | -' I '- '.r...!At-,i:is4.-y

lrJ:.ra1,r,2L*a;to,.ro__

-r__r____J A: \?,f ,Y i _>n(r)=fr t 5i 6ttt;s. oKto, r J-lr- 6:i "u - J,Laf +-_rr JL? lr B .aor ^, 695l

i)2,P," fr$ e = [ tt, e., {+nE)=tr., t, i,* +B e A s9l.oao.e*,,.. r | .(-rr ..u! : r-t

gi r'r \,.;l A t& )e, 2: B 3.;as g l-'i:' B'ae r.^,rr A je ,l L i

{. -* *',i}={;' #, r:,J,0} r,-.'{6=d : $=v, #=

- ! I =r

GYI* qf. W /- (*7+ | Y+ li= \'7t * ' - - ; - +

f f r t = \ Y ,L-eE

- r - td

, r rCGr) ,-.!i,ff't-"ti#'*,)

y , / ? ? / 7

(-,?G2,6ffir,tfif;n)r'l *Y t --^'llo

/ - \ ^

, ( - t . , - f , Y )

ll, +'*"1o(UtJt

,\ll--tr= l Y= l Y\IYtYIYIY

i,tt1ti."_> = l,\

= l A

= lA

lh ",nl A

lAI

l a t \Y

Y- f l v-)

- f ,, -rj l ,

l " - lo IY

v r r- f lA -r

rl

l d

l" l \

6 ,/ vI r

-r

l o -r l f

v v b

I l a rll

ffi€9'Q:9@:fl=:i{' * 'A +'r 'r"o}=i+ ; -'o'*

.a5a*,_[L;l.ll..-.,3, tr lr rr-g*! .+5CJt yl.iJ|j*:i:L ByA.gb,,L1

^ ( r=. 'fl vY '.tW 1 f:( F,,l-A=

,V - ' ]r"

ac2 *-t gs -l

\are1)

6,1^ rbe o* r*t! D lr JE.' Jt i "Je.u

6l.or.rc asy -..

. ,V.l:,.B 3 45 ua-* a:-,..r:.i.(_ L;*l_r-r.crar y.r1 aS l, Obr;. ,yL zbj ;;.r

Ur't tc ,"; D ;l 6:.zs.,B j.;zo gt i .r*,_r \8.a4,,3,.,C = {v,

lY iA} y' :o = c t-i ra.l,r c t.' ,)i I r*s e;".;12 6e1 .5b.,.rc ,D be ".. 2t1l 6 3.Zs- ,B ),2e ,! .,.L- t,-, ' O r, .r(n B'Arr-,-, a;to ;s , Ju_.I,,-.r d,buLo

. B c D f*,-tA 9 C-.1 D '*_r*1;B'aer*,-,

J.sp rS-12.r 1,**l Dfibts O 1l 6r;*e C ,*r^eq, , rJ \,:.-tDbr .>,r-;c aor.,.. U_i ,/

,j';3;'to3 z, 1-3 ,ttr4r.. j aS rl*l g>1, ,+r.-._r..1 .j',"1 t a:-r tf

.AcA : g;b ,.u[ olf:6lacj.r.. aJt ,r;*- rc--n

.n E A y--i A 2, -, ; t',, 14. r-;B 6Jgr, -r^lU Ar, 6 6fo e rr,$b:

/*> lriru A .r:t,rlljJr 'as.9 --, 2; rS c,,,t 6._2" u$ ac9"_...1.r [-i

/ r t

.AgA:u/*- rc*lA uL ,lyl. l ,9las2 *, j ' tsrarr-, 4.^sr,_,

Y

O,-lJ,-, lL; l-uli r-p 6br.r.]i6ta3;c aS r+S ,r.tt lzD ;l 6lo2 z.1-;6;5l

6 p) a"*, # -p:- ct t " "+! r,- rc* | { r, /r,- J rJ" ;' ;,"'

l o - l o

1 f Y .

YJ '-

' /rr = VIYN

| 4-y l.t\St,tS -tl;f .p l.sD'as-2 2.

.d.*l or.! oa;; f-j.tb&l-, ,r*2r .[J_r : Jtu.-*ly d,,** acj.r,...,1r 6 d*r d,.--,'.",.;eJ.r* rr l.r,-; I {a,bd} Z! {ah,c,e} (.eJl

'c*;'as2.^,

;l 15 r-. *-- r-*,,'as j* :-* ?l-tJ I {-\ ,",\ ,Y} c {f ,1,",\ ,-\ ,Y } (ff

.,;*.,1 c*1, c-"^.,A rg6r>s i"r ly-, :c*l c-.,.r A c B

"|,ti. JS- t +; ! (6

,.,lr"f Y .$L B 1.r 6 j,zs- 12; td*l d*,.r B Z A3 .rrl.r ,l.rj B ,.r

..r1l.r; s9-j A 1r a5 ;i!-

J-J db.))k (frrb [-,r:*1.r "pr

.rf,b rl-r-r; 1 +"i l,t _\

c E ^ / ,^ c s / ,

\ l / :45 ua^.u|,B c A X , A g C X

e e c / , a - t /

. \ Y ., 1 O. "*L

cttorr" b),c,, (JlR = { t " ,

t t }

l l.rlgba.cjqrr.t Lj

A

lr r,-2 6laorLs ,prrti ! ui*ts tty :.t-f" j;r, lJ C J B, A 6Loac.,^:.-. _y

Atl ;y/ , UJ.,J: ti)45u2;;,A = { \ , f , t , f } , B = { 0 , \ , f } , C = { Y , 0 , \ , y , i }

B g A / , Y c B N , A c B X , B c c / , A g c , / , y e A X

{ \ , f } e A X , ? e A X , { 6 , ? } e c / , 0 e c , / , " c A X: &-l oJ.-i Ut U).r A = {a,b,c} 6,6*j ^y-1a.1 : Jtl"

A, {a} ,{b} ,{c},{a,b} ;{a,c} ,{b,c} ,{a,b,c}

: {*,-'1 l.s ,,p 6,luas9 r..;1.("f 61u,ro9 t-1-11t, ,# Jt- St -P

g: {a,b,cd} (,,,

\ t &.,,05.r.,rU* | ; 1L; 6 | 1br.r a- I ; I l a l,.u Lli.r*l .9br.ic L a;j(.gb JL 2r

qfr 6tF/)c o(FC"'41'qtLfi

6ffg a

C rrh/,(U,c-,tC6,'SdLt, o rj; Cf fr /

lt 2)'$tg>t A 6&a 6r *A B e.A x

fiL,s A g.C 04 c-",.'lCrltl.)-l> n /,; n {Cx

)hLcg A eo ct c4 BrW 3$ A ),/ n ge/

A.L6 r 'ec do. , , lC)yU, B/ , - t gec/

',,t}[.r trts SG cs5lttt ,ti 6F G? Q qA

)b r*s c 6Pl/ 3ar' +SUWI

c24P;1"4

' L

*L1gr"S3-,ar' Y9BX ,

b 4a clr '>ee l/-1 B+A'/

*!c:>.p,v c f t ' ' , ' 'uo'ru e ec' / \4b Gt.r". l 'o : : i :

(-t l l) 66?rtY'"t Y e A x aicfd'c+iaPf 69 n {c'{

A tst/.;.t,, n ) 6, r1 J: )/l' sPs A 66/' t> ---w co G rS c.b:r \r 'r\ ea X

O-;

l*,r1 nr/ *\uA F? ,u 7+At-o

g;A *. l*ltts CP t>:* de}/

Q , \ r ] , { t l , \ r " ' t r l

d , \ * ] ' t ' ] ' \ t ] ' \a \

i^,0"1,1",.1, l*,J), lt,.), lt,{}, tt, '}

{o,u,c} , {a"ro"tJ ' { "" 'JJ ' lu 'e 'J}

l a , b r " , d 1

, (Pff Y)o t l t I, = I '

- t efr)e -- l" ,b,c,A\ -:-:-z'

Arl

:6r,ar. n r5 4r...*. (S- 15lA G..+. ,j )l.rrt

. r *4t i b A={u, b,c } .g<"e-7" .6b <c. .+.2 j pL; :J tLrfrDfiJ)roaJlfrJ]r.FfidrJ]rDfraJ'*JraJlaJ]rDaIJaJ]*oJ]aJ'J)

Orgr-1 gl; ,o-r-2fr c^Jl> 9t ^ hc, g 6|2,p_ Jtln U .r.,tl? (e..+. ,j .r) t jlg ,r. A <c..+. .g|;c'l jl plrs ,r.

f x(f xI)=A : ! rlt212 <c..+. gal 6b <ce4.2; rf5

hgr + 11 r ay r ty 1,.- I 81 lt+> 'l 212 69,bsk 6 <s.-+.,51 ,5la <cro.*e 2j rl)rt:{+.J

. l , J J Jla diJtr -+ f x Y x I x ... x f =lk

.rf! ,,r. P* 212 69.bt,K 6 <c,.9.3. c$- 66 <l,a.ey,a 2-irlrrr :{i5j

lllr g5,Ac 9-r jg <c r+, r),1A = {a,b,c,d,e} ,S -9.a",.ttl"

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.e-.# e ,B :olt p )s Jtri gl1;.9.S_:rca b cl t 0* Y - \

" <t 'A

r=={(rxr)\.<:

:gA 29 r1L to> <5 r2l:

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a

b

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ab

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n x ( n - t )--- :li c-|212 6o;c 0 g <c9.;",,5.,_ g9,,ic 9: gtl <c..o.*,o.r,-j rl).rr:{ifj

trTf:69ic <.r g <c,.',s 2) r€ A = { a,b,c,d,e} 19 {e..ir.: !,tL

FAII.l} J}AJII} **FJ}J}J'J}J]J'FEJIJ,

fraJ'.EJIfra'JJ]aDJ]J]J:'JDJ]JIoJ'aafrfrJ)J]DDDJ]

gfi JIIJJJJAAfiAAJIT JtAJtJl JtAJ]AAAJIJTJ] Jutaafi rrJt JtJtJlJrg

t .o{* ,45}- ! tA6<se.a. j t ot9,J:62, t s , . . * ' r*srr) .S-B={tr , t r , t r } sc. . .+. #u. , Ha r____=-____-_

€ f, afp,ifr;al 'rrrr.,'rik><5:lrr!B

S

fi [-[-[al r"rrt'ros" ciJbo <1e prrri.,:,-:er'*'so L 1)etav st2s v 6t2+

E

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tfr

f l " l t l " I .r,rl{s"os..c.Jl^,F<rt-6,,-rg:2s2..srr,--p+rrr,!.i.jpcr.ur,.,: EJ:l | - | - | - I .r"tl{,r" OS.. c.Jl^, F 4jl, O,,-lO)r, rrlr rJ_, f$r,rt.p H 7lt <;t} 2> j5

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{ .r.!t?,r" OS." c.rUol <- Ieii p9_ .fr

tfr 'usl'r.,-t"?L' 6 oJ-l qqi lt Jge$ nos....,:Jb axFxr=t. 4, r.r <;t {- oJ-r eJri u. e'q..r):r.,g{.* *€ ,J.-,, { a , b , c } = { a , c , b } = { b , a , c } = { b , c , a } = { c , a , u } = { c , b , a } ,,-r,- :2tr.: ,s;rr ra <"e.a.2, fiJ J

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E ox (a - r ) x (o - r )_ox rx r_ r . , vJ , g. J ? r J lO '':-.aos-.(fxfxt=l=f!) ersd,r-tfsS, L os..<;tr {-, p..12.> o.c ab.a ..i! {- t{ urlr:{,sj E€ t - - - t . . t ' - - - _ f - , 7 u , . . . _ _ i i

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g boJbufs: txr -+ nx(n-r)x(n-r) O'Jj oJbrr2t.,;S;:tui -+ txyxf A

a DE

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€ n t r x r x r x r

g

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fr€ .cj.9.1:aal9.>x,gta !1,7:f l , l l r . l r .rc,Lf lrn!=lxyxfx.. .xn i t€

r r - _ ' - r l x (n - r ) l

v ) - ) - . '1> ' - | |

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D€

o!=t : t : r t j ,p+9f fJl ri

.,rl C fts a ?vaaD

d

e

a

D

c

d

b

c

d

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t #5=#=o::{=ro *il;=#=ii,\d='dJ J l r r lD

€J]J'AJ'O J]J]AJ]A J]J]J]J] J'J]J]J]ADJ'J'DJ]J]DJ]AAJ]J] J]J]AJ]DIJJJ.r Jlg

fr.r t ibol.r:eJrstra u!t i6:2t: atca:+a2)r+A={a,b,c,d,e} sarr.+.,, , i l . i . g

fr b*r -)

; : ; i : :21: riJb .s- aii r*" rrf b <ce..1" t-) pLr 1: q\d e'bc +tte7

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E / . . . . - , - . . . \ . , . . t€

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g 2: ,i1 6l-acl ilQ t tua aar.ela ,-) )t ()1 6t b,,l )lV p 6 ,g9.;c n 6 4E.r.,.an5.,- 6to <r5-3. 2-i )lr.sr. :{S:i €

O Pn-(P+q).uc-, t . r , r2. , ,**t-z-2; f lJ l ag ' r r l ; , ! t6L12AeY: l rc l !e r - t t , f e t , , f . t !<S. : .1 t r<ce-4 . t )4A={1 ,y , f , . . . , t . } .5<ee.a . : j tL €il ,--ly',\ €jt rl

'-(f+r) = f 6 = Ft' : 11 c.-l 21,4 t^ as.e..,a ,-))t:,.r :,,1., {D . ' JO

Oi.;-*,gt-o ar.+?. 'rj D a:9.es )* ,)q<1 <-9-1"lS- 6b <r.o-.*o.,7,r. j.5 <o-o:.ri.n 6b ar..rr.o rj g

DJl

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Ej r €J r €E I JJ r oJ r oD €], IJTJ J)a €J J €D J ]€ BJ'J] J]

€ g€ i ]0 J lJ]€ g€ F€ E€ EO J t€ j to j t€ E.r IJ€ AtY J)o - - _ _ EJ]DJ]TJ]J'JTDADJ] J]J]J]JJJJJ]J]DJ'JJJ]JJDA J]J'J]ATJ J]D J]J]J' J]AE

' tr*lv,t t) ss-*\ 1.2 ;l.e a"rr.r. ,i-U N \lt ,* 6b.r.rc icr.r."

N - { \ ,Y,r ,Y,a, . . }. r . t I

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C, *.gla.r.r-s '*-r*,

Jk-. Alrl :c-l o-L-rLtL6rt^j;l o:Lc*l L-oloe.^.

,1-" : : 28 u! ;*,-aoY + j --y l 6br;c 4 l' e . t_.5. -b )r l2 E = { y,f ,p, A,. . . }a5;*|"rl"[j rl,U Ykole.a1 ,*96l*td_41:,r. ulj,Ie;*l ,\ ,_.,r,h,UiF-a- {v t l t <ex }

crrL-Jgln:k ! l , acy-, )4. t) . t : . t t$ 6,yLl; lrJFj. , .oi lF(l)rc-)cEicj.*,1r.d*l

O = {rt-rlt e N}, 4,rJ 6la.r.rc 1er"-.. (JJl

A - { ' e N l r < x < \ \ } u - a = { x e N l v < r < \ . } a = { v , A , r , \ . } ( *

{rtlt e N} ,,-*l J.to,,u.y J ;k 6i 6to,zoai N ;l 6ta4,e-1)(6.

: ).5 oa;*b.,i-ta ;c ! l, A _ {On + f ln e X} arr"_.., JU"

..4r ; f 0n +Y.,1r,rJ s.r..(_ n6t?* rl-y, tr : +5 .bS l r r; trr.t2 .2 |t;:. g-l 61 1.

rA6(l) + rb(\) + l" d(r) +r d( r )+r Y f

w

N q W

A = { 4 , \ f , \ A , Y f , Y A , f f , f A , . . . } : , s l . r e i - r r e

W = { ",\,Y,f ,. . .} : .ua;,r, ".!ti

W ! lr s,l^..- 6b:.r acr.--.

J.s3-otet drL-J ctLr.rlj ! Olr-.f lJ .,-,L.- 6Lo:.lr '^_rJ-',.-

z

I

z - 1.. , -Y,-Y, - \ , . , \ , Y, r , . . . )N c W c/,: ua,tJ",,.traZ 2,2s,g.L,,-9.ra!g;b.r.rcl.o

talarl t tat1lr] tvf vTttr l l t !-r t f , t"r!

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Q' : ( e,al ) .-lS :lrsl g; g;;,.7" iR :.$b >lrcl 6 <s5,o.4" p : !91 :lrcl ,rac9.4.

I i r , , €d, €g ..r,9.16.,rs q ( Counting Numbers ) sr2tJ 612 <s r:r..o 6rtrcl,rr;r:lrcl:.rrJ :trct o <cr+"

f,f

E ,ruatUrat NUmberS ..*,;s:l o)lt )lt1 )l r..i2: g,,-l .r.a:or ,ri.,-l., N l,- N )Lj t? l, ,/J :lrcl <c9.4. .cr[ir,, ,, {

f, ,Oor',,u. integers)c.+e*,.-,: lrcl .rqprlrcl<1.N={1,I,r,r,...} .c-,1 or-,<ri25.ur*}: lrcl

:*: E-FJ 'Y'f 'r:A EJJ

, "--'"'-

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F ''"-f 'r'+ Jl

i t €f! ;.O ,tr"t .rlrcl gr-l <1 .c-,1 orf dul\i'i q,.r P <5 !r..o ur*b:lrcl OLa 6L,o:lrsl :,r41,,,r:lrcl6 <s9.a" aJ]

E oo-rnrr,4t,,.r:lrcl14r={..r,r,r,.'.} il:;l orl* 'rrt...':lrcl <c9.4r ':5,l, .,' cis;'; (Whole Numbersl J)

E -

'-u'rli'r'(non-negativeintegers)ci"u $J]

E . . r . . F . t - . . t . r . - - r o . . L r t u t . a n c " * : > c i . O

JE ',ql:,r" ufu'Li E )W\ Ve' neJ:lrcl 6 <e9'oqt':69i 'er.iD:lrcl 6 rc'"+"

J?,F' J'' f i

"=tr , r . t , . . . )={r6 l€.x } {J?JJ

'fipr,,' ui"'LJO ':tJ 11 ! 12! ''+!:lrcl 6 <'c,na"::'ri t'rJ:lrcl g; {3'"* t!

-F JlE o=t r , r ,0 ,Y, . . . )={ rF. - r l [ .x ] €-F' J'

fi .r--f l S!,f 'rJ:lrcl 6 cr-25 t P 1*:lrrl,,t'Lr g;l <c9'a" ' 6*'a rlsl C; <eo'r''o :6r"a:lsl 6 tt'"o" Ji

E .r.a:6r.rt$(o*l : lrsl ;r.q .r iJ' lcltt i26zahlenc'5., l ' , . l ) Z u-Z9te's'4'-" ' t '*, 'n

f l

f i z={. . . , - r , - r , - r , . , r , r , r , . . . } €{ .rt- ot rr.,, q,r--1 ,r cs,{ G',.)}4 r: p';r J'ab jl <s r'u"'a 62J:lrcl ' .,-f :l:sl :[f :trcl s **

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g .={#1a,6.2,6+'} '-' '-u'r tti t

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g .,.*.U .,".13:rc !5.,- L c-lr d.,.4 g.-- :rc,..s.,- gT 6lu 9 ct22.o 6 $ *" ff

-F ,r Jlj t a ' = { ' l x e R . x e Q }

d; } J

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:t|t I'r

'fi l6*,e 6 4-,,t44 tiE )-^.13 2-o,.g95 B 6AEt '.s.6l',t 41 2-;l2A 15l'la- l Subsetl <"9.a" 2-; 'l{

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B - - {

- - . , - v , - f , - l , y ra rn , . - } B= {yk + \ l kev , l e

\3, x ;tr ;t 1 3 -'t, eL--$ r.ic d/; I u, * p, n j-f; a ! rr U.l,_s ro,ro -rql

Q . = N r - f r - l r l r r r 6 r . . . ]

4 li.r"-r.gbaca *..;l .(-,lJ .x-f,1 );rt l, l - {-Y,-\ , " ,\ ,Y } irJ.,... -\

lyl ^4 tt:"-,1,1l = { x l x e A , x ' < Y } , C = { x l x e A , - \ < x < \ } , D = { x l x e A , x r = \ }

aar: 6l ; O L_i .n c C e A c B I e t-b+r.i-"J,i't C, B, A .t;L aca..,, & _y

I ' l l ,g ^+ rAcccoJlyl &

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A 3 = { Y x l x = " , Y , Y } ( . , A = {" I x e N,yx+\ = r} (.;tt

Z I N ,W.Qcfbrcj -r'..,-=+..h.1 ,2.sl"322ls2i-l;

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R = l - Y , ' l , o , t , t ]

u- i - \xeA, r (Y<Y ] = t - " " ' t l

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c = \ x l x e f f r - l ( ^ < t ) = t - l ' " ' i )

- Y < - l : ) - Y 4 c , Y ) l : . > t { C

p = t t l x e f r ' x ( ; ) : )O= { - r '

r }

n*=, :-) x=tf, =;n=tl L- G'f= tv

R = t ' \ , u = i " t ] ' c = l " t ' r J : { 1 j E

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ele;Ut*r rGg,)7t; (oec\'<--'t::!+'r'C6Fl' tB 6Pl t5t;*l 1G2

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3n- r t yp ; r ' l - , r B={x eZ l - \<x<y } , A - {xeN lx< r } i ' r , . * . r r - i

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.(rrnr"r ,;Li AOB sU L 3,*.1.r. B ., A JlFl l; &.r*r,.. i,,l)-r) ;*r B ) A'at ye,.y.r ; |,ri 2.r $ l-r- 6 .gb.r.ic ic-9 -. = {_y, _ | e o r.^, | \

. (r.nr.r 6Li a U n .rL; L e,*.l;.r. B 3 A Lt"+ I | 2 o 3,,-, ;r.l)

ul["J. 6lrs'2 -.,B I A 'as3n4.

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il

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r f i s ( - - r ' - - ' " ' - - " t

,{ -- \/,-r'

qlbt'' c 9}'€ "*''bJ

das C

B = {ob, ,6lut-u)1 , € ,r}, ctz ,c)L/ , oD4

t ' t ( b ) = l o r n ( A ) ' Y , n ( V ) = f , n ( e ) = l

c,rLt-

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Y, : t ^e ,v \ n <v ] : t " t ' v ' r ' a ' r !

o = \ x e z l - * a ' n . * ] : { - r ' - l ' o 2 l ' . , , t }

A A B = { r , r , r } t / l t ) t ) = { - r ' - l r o r ' " ' r }

l l T l

l i l t B I A,gbaor.:." l . l lr,-2;l:; + qy ! ,Jk

: a.r-',r, J5*i lr A U B J An B o* s y-j,.s,;b-l,rr;c

A = { t ,v,r , r ,o,zr} r B = {r , r ,o,r ,v}

AnB = { r , r ,o } , AUe = { r ,v , r " , r ,o , , r , r , v }

; l;r* l;l-r ; l . "..& -b :r1.., A 0 B = {n, e} I A U e = {a, b, c, d, e} icj-_., e., _\

.li-L; u9 2l.rl [ 11 B g A .gbac gev io2e, ar g_l a, a-3; L 6 C*l ,.r.:: c-,lr; ,.X ..(_

| *.4 1s 1.> l.,,oX;,,"1rr"1.;;brtX--g*[ ..ur.r

c.a 6lryiu;1, O,-l d*ti ,ri.2rL L- ur*_,r 6rbr (sJl

.l_-,.r1*r #, t4i ,r;;r[; L_ ,r:*.,r: ,Sls. s $

AoB= {a, l , r }

t2 t2, , ,1<- i / /L t i lL9

*Lc/G....._,*p"*(-,

*)*Pt t3L6 A na - 1r, ,1 J,re,,

fli. ! lr ,r- g*tr !+n+ Jl-i* ;r;l o;6f"-t d*.1: ul.e,- +l-r.r r.A L- t_i (ii

F-V= [ ̂ +' e)- '"6 .4]

V-F = tr- '

c lgtt t , ,o +i ' C*-]

\V I .{ .+5.-"-[i..r-,n6ta,r*)54

.$u 6 l acr a. Jt+y r JU l:,,r -r.r cr lrt5Jjr: e r*1: r,- l cJLi C; l t o:y tr -y,sj! JUl.r pr r, !ri) -ut,J JLit F ;* Jr ,-! JUt.9 ro e Ji.;c 1 a5 4r.:

lYft & t fpr. /ui-L":V-FrkLer-L.r .uF.skiVrr l . ,aca,. .dr- l . ( r ,5

V _ F = { ) F - v = {

l r

X lr.;c-tr

o@.berdl.-2)l nnT=lbre I p_t,,+t ̂' 'o jl

, z 1 2 ; , ) ,f_, xzp -)f" -

L- !,ryot,rt y\ic f6le(

o i ., ) itr'*Y

(:-o(Y*txY= n') ;,' a'uql' Tt'

": (il!r'

49u't6y';j)s7| F <s*itsu-A fi)/;t ' F-V Ur; uleet dlO't

&q(vnr ) ce-fuF - v - l

v- F = { o r,..-i, 11(,-t,,, }t, cf 'fir1= lclv't'c|'u'*i'

e}

cfuu"rt7; Y

\Y7l

: ; t .p.eg- l r . r B={c,d,k, f ,s , t } , A={a,b,c,d,e,k} J l : JLtA - B = { a , b , e } r B - A = { r , s , t }

,:"-;.rti ;1'6 2 t)..2t,o2Lc pl-f ,j rlrr. 1 1", i, -\

!;"1

- , ) t )e ,c .c / - )sc .cJ )cc (AUB)t ( A U B ) e c / - r ) Y e ( A U B ) x ; f € ( A n B );)A U B =A x c)0 c (A UB)/t)f € (A u B)

B lr \ A t* uJ 6bo.i;1Lu bya. , A 1.2 \ Y :.rc s,+rL dtr,.$rLi 'Ar.r-r,,,

_\

\Vl ^7 , .ron, g*tr.*j o)l;- a, ,J".0- J Jl:-fu; lr B J A l+l .r..1.

. J..ib \ Y iirk Jr J*iL \ A iirL*; ,6i 2,zs g $ *a.r j5; ,y llor.-*. (_iJ I

. u! \ A ;.r;rL; 4 r \ Y i.r;rL; ro,;i 6br;. oJ .i"l., .tJb g9; lacy3, (.,

\V/ l ^e4 .J+!rJS^l ; l r (w- N)r(N -2,) ,Q, - N)6bacj .* . -y

.n(A)= | o.y,z;r;lr-r A = {f,r,r, y\ Jl'\,

xx

l r

e@D{ r , Y , r , r , 9 , t r }

t t , t , * t 7 ' 1 ' l A

I

f f=

B - - 1, \A] (.r-t

] _ yt,l

I r ,

B - A =

n n B - - Y r f I

l--- ,-"-t '-""]---J -f

.* . - r , - r , - l 2o1t . , . l tJ - [ t ' r ' r '

l = 9 , w - N - t ' lz -N =

N-L - \

\Y1 I

j; e t2 C= {r, v, r, r ., \ \} r B = {r, o, v, r, r} ., A = {y, y, r, ̂ , 1} 6traoj^:., _\: r+S oz;^r ;t,ilar"ac L lr r; 6bacr.-* _,1 ..(,-f u*, n-A

- i J l ) A U B v ) B U c d A U c ' r ) A O B

- o ) A - B . r ) C - e ;XA-c) U (B-c ) 6XnUn) -s\q I .* ! )eoe 6) A)a J)B,B 0 c u a

u.ai.* x I l, ;*rrL a6,.tl5 s / \ l:.:*;.r 6bo;Lc ,l) :lr* 1 q, Lt _y

: ,r*rr rlJ Jf;.rt^l- -t: ls J)r- ,rl, ,gf.oaca,"--. ., o[^K -f

1t;l(r B ( t'tote.rr-;

(f

A ( Y

. (AuB)(0.-.,,lac.e--.. r, Ob

tFL'a4,,--, ,-; AeJ 2,-.rs JlFl (,-lJl

.c*.1 6UB 'as_9,,,^.2_;B

, A'ael&,9.r 1l.i-re (.-,

. c* l B .9 A acr,.:..., " 1 5.- 4U*j-Sy B,, A'ae J -.9: J lr; l (n

.c*l A '**"ro3"-1-;A-Bic.e

-..(-r

.c*14;et*. - .fi--i"o,.l1 (AnB) I F - A) 'to3.-., 2:1t :+l (_,

.#i rrtn t, Ar! +f i6t"Jil;t .i-31., . f

<^,_ctuc--fr UC

A - c = @ n f t r

I

c =We )'P

r, , RUB = l , ,

Y,r, f , d ,T , l ,n , t ] => n(ouB ) - 1 U;&

,-,) au c = -)h (auc) =nl- dr;'

) ) n n B - : } n (en tJ )= |

L) nna =

r ' ] - > n (auc ) : 1, 1 r t . r t t l

1 A 1 1 1 l r '

{ r r r ' a

I r , r , rd Auc --t { , 1 '

t ' l , V

[ . ]

{ v ,

l r ' r ' rJ=) (A-D)u (ano) =

6 ) A n l = \

!1 aua = I t,a' ,v, v'1 ]

d )c ud = l t ' n ' n ' t " r r l

I r Y r ltu {v, r,al

, n (B- l+ )= |

, Y r f ,16 l = - At

a) (A-n)u@-n) = { " t , t l u { r ' v

I t Y r c l ,,t rY

2},0 p=B= d /->,t h-B=B-A Or+rt (b

z ) n ( R - A ) = Y

\ f7)

no-d;d_

A -B)u(A

= ) n @ - s ) + n ( B - f t )

:1-$ ortc-,l ; ) :*t )l J.l".d,l Jk-l i-,.,t - 61, *:S S!...,,., JLr,SlacJL :l.u

.ut; ..( ;,:[ i ,. lL-'.-l=--'- --

L- r..r / |.'5rr gitAuJb 4..t J l.t,J

dr3r> b ,b62U5-r["; 2io^se"-*, a, c*.; b d;L.; J "*bi

* o:_, l,r Or5l.r.,*rlSt t t j) \ JyS o-l 6l;4 g;-,11

Jk-lJ A l.2.,.eIL 6bJL;"l J.k:rJ"r,.. ,S l1;,(- 6la-Jvi.o J,Ubp,, Jl- 1A ' r '.'rC u'J1i P(A) = ffiL

rxe\\\.t-r*,r ,a.^rr,JL:; P(A)rk L l; A.ukx erl: p

: *-291 r*.,.iJA

.:.:'tlt\l; 7-; 6b.rt;a ;l .i_ f JLd-l .r,_jlr+ lJ s*ti Jl : Jtir

..l.i:U Y e. P o.lu;9;.r.r (uiJl

.r-l'i Jjl oJd 32 .rrc (er

. ; , ; l .g311?; l ox2zss(6

A={r , r } , S= { , \ ,y , r , r ,o , r } ; n(A) = y, n(S) _t

P(^)=;E=;=+B : $l .r.rc ;..r,,; e, .r.LL .B = {f,f,O} ; n(B) = y

P(B)=8=;=+C : ? 11 13.2ir.ro,j.r^.i e.1 !L& ; C = A _+ n(A) _ "

(v

Q

D : V;lri5 .r.lc g-r..19.,y .irLi, ,

P(D) =P(s) =gP=i='n (J/ f

;D={ r , r , r , r ,o , r }=S

:> qLp'afiit2r6*r

I A

E

t;li;4 *.jo 6 l) O<.. 6bcJL Ln ,.Lti. is,t { A"-t tt -\r+r ui-Li ,it".*:" lr l-, S ..io.Lr S ;eJ,"r,,. i.u.r ,,.b_L; | 6.r.ro _9 t*,,-r,

F= tl "r ri ]:)n(d)-- P , r*n, A-\fisbJt;-r.r

r +5 -t-l ,.1-L,.(- ,rL+ 6 Ot* | as2"^^ 26! lr; ;ut (-lJl

A={r,\} (.r*,-tr,-p r-u' 6 *f) !(-r--.! f t \ ;,:-U cs.t.t a.f)B = {\,Y} - r:.+*Xr,;4/rt,sta;y, rFC ={Y,Y} t: il dgtilser,,;," D = {y}

.*5 o-,-f';b_la,r*X4 g*li l.i lJ rr f!g_l ,l ,-5,-rl rl.r;, JL:-l .f.Lcr. sirLat !f* l.r S 6treo3.r,..r,_;.11 ..(-rl (-

g*ti t' l, ,r; ,91"g*[, lc*l ;b-r b.r.U.: o,-1,;l :l-r.d r- .r,-rri;-ra, l, tr.uk .

\Y/ | ,4 .+5a*,-tj';tr-b,r*X.o

.aar r!K.;;,- 1.2 S 6laaca.3,r,,; ia (r

o.rtl ,-i- CtV , r.!r.r r1.,, ,91a.,- r[l: lJ \ " b \ sgbo.,;LJ tr ;t-K- ort5 \ "i'f)tt5f ot-rl,

v)* 1,-l r 1.,1A .uLal ..:*"lS={t,t,...,r "}o!, dtrJL L.b ;rr +.. (*iJl

Jb I .r au rfJ*i \ A b J^,,,,. tr.r.lL ;.5 0 .2 | .u 6.rl- .rtl5 ca 2 2 : *n $ r;S 4 j-r;

. *--2el &-s* lr 6l .uka rl*1r -

.r-,lr r .

,rLq Jl 6rls 3 JL:-l +S 45 .i_t; ,3*k* L- acJ,"*. (_

9B6beo3.:... ,x:\e)r.lcrrJd61t .ul .,1 C j$I .r.rc1.tr-i6tL; J,l".rB J|(Ctl.r- lc*|;b4 C e B 6b.r,.t l,* U-i .*S u*l^. l,.(-rr .rls, JL*- Ie.qr.r rt$ l.1 C

B= { t ' r%arn} - tn ,u;z L - ; . P@)-+.=: t?

C, l v t ( , ' t tA , l , ] = -2p(CJ '6 =2p(C)=+ = it ,

(:--,i@),=t,J =>nte;=l ->p(e)=f .;-,1 ! tJrr,/uTi'U:t -t

D= {, } -}rr (o)--r :>p{oF { e\ lcJv'/u(-W,-'

F= t r l=- tn(F)= I +-P(n)=$- ;41 YUv' 1 ' (Ut ' - '

a= fr,rl --; n(B)--Y =apto)= f )2\' l p(//frq'-'

/= {,, r} :>n (fr\.Y:-;p1e;- I ,\r*V tSl*t5et f- /rild-^ - a

c= {v,r} +n(c)=Y--^ 'p1t) =+ 'c- /L 'dt t ' t^ot <-rr t+P -7

G- [,, rrrl ,=>n (o) =Y->p(o) - -L=l i-)-ttr! r ! t 11'''/of't]'' -v

H= { } =/ : } t1(Q)'" ; - 'L r t /5u"!{ iut-n

, r r n 4 : O

-> D( H) = -=-- .

| ' | - pG),_t

P @) ' , ?(0 ) - '

6=P(Y):4Ik;1,1 ,\'1 ,\v1, \ ' , t l, \ ' , tJ

A = {\,Y, f i *J : tn(e )= t

--.;. p(e )= t - -o

e.". { Yrr, drv | -- nrgF F

- | l ( $= * : tE- tt, r,o, ?| : ' f f iFt 'r, ' t

n (s)-- l ' (r,' Ct{,,rU

"^-ba;rr -r(age,,,* (v

,^iu v ,t--,i ,n1//* 7L,u

F - t ' , r , r , f r o , ? | n = \ V ' f ' f I

B -- lr, ,l :- V,rr-| = F '--j

C :

- t- Y

P ( c ) =J'v"PG)= Y

[ ' l : ]l

L?

: .r.21: JL;l-,.r-c; .rr-jl.q t, ,r-U.r(t _tb .u\ t3 -,-r,\ )l : e)oJ..i j.2 :Jo (u.r n .u\ Cio.r*:e; r.r (-iJl

D .u!F\"110. . r . ;e2r. rc( . r C . r , ; t r J : : l :e)ot i 2.1 :s(6.4r, ,f5; l, ;,(. 6l.o."JL

'o*;tr,-.,<l.rt,-u! .sjy a...9I;b .g l.rl;L; r(l_f

9-l r;lr Jt^;l ,rt Lb . (.r+. "*k

(a,:,:) uzjet, JV ,-b+ l2 aca ".. g;l '.2s S)

\V7 | ;rf :-u[ (;r.er"irp-r.r:--);-r3.r6t;l.rorl;[ i

j . rL; l ; , * \ -S| . rz l . r : .p3i* i 'v6 to izryf _t tSi* \ " .9 la, , . - ; . r_y

v+ r = _ r "!: fr ,, (. _r{l}'f_**,:;"=; st a f - o l f d r " ^ ' " v * r " o - I - y - , : - r v L t - \T l *T= i?

< - - ' r 4 \ r . eu - t eSozS t i \ (

: .rl 1.: JL"= l rrg, (,c) t+t e l lr'-ll r .5r l r-b jr L-) d; h:..i -,li r, l-, 6*U J l _l

\Yl *a (n(s)= y2 ,p.,tr S lr;.il..sb-JL '^,.u.'^rr*, jD<--' B .-;! e J-,0.r^i3;.r-rca: (s.., ft .rF t-,$l r.ro,2[ -er,l (-iJl __.,

a- D ..r^.lL V ,.r.lc9.r fr*

(r C ..t;ly -,r,2. roJ..ig2 rJe s:(r _2

,l (6la:*.r l") ezS ;lr;.c,* lr-r.*. rl ,,*l-r..slovK )l A-te.t,

2 : L 2 ALjd Jt,r^+b ;u:[,c*l bou; ++;; r1$ 29 * 3^.-. f._,.1..-k"r ,F jl ii l-, l+iJr,"_21.1 ,ra;: .i,_J.; t+idl.,, 6 ,a-.ua

= Lr

IFI1

I7I7

I Y

n ( s ) = Y x Y x Y = A/ , 1 \

.-.lybr( H\*'

s = t ( y, Y''1 l' (v' Y' i' ( Y"' ?l' (Y' >' >) r ( l' ?' Y)' 1" 7 "11'i': r rffi(urt iLr) srlt se2-)G L alr; t ;t Sl/,-1e Y

4\P,

ft- l t ) t r ) r ( > , Y , ) ) , ( > " '')"I- ) h(A)=f

\rP(A).

Jr) v(&

./) ?Co)= + :=2'"J't)'4 t - V @ ) = t -

p(o ) : + *+ -T='L_,:

J"J i'r2dG''c) Pt l ) "v6-,! t;rs,Jc't

s+ n(B)=F :) ?@)+-- +g -t7n(s)-- ! 'PYa\=lY ' /

'! dti-

r =J4\Y l r7@') -

YI

A

h(s )Y Y

d,[yr f,uc: ? x ' ' / :-T .t.

C.ib q>l\>

-=>n(4 )= 1

P(A):+ =

f t , , , ) , 1 ' r , r ) , ( t r r ) , ( f2 r ) ' (o,o) ' ( r 'V) ) : t n (B) =7

-a)

+)B=

)

C, ( t ,Y ) l : t n1c ;= F

r ( ? , 1 )

v, 7),1v,r )

, r ) , (Y , f ) ,[ t* ,

r

{ t r ' t )I

a

, t ) =

\Y

) , (

' ( Y

Gc i r ' , ! ^ ;= - l ' j - : 1 -( v , r , c ) ( Y , f r 6 ) I

?.? -

= - 'vlpto)

':>ito1= fr=L

7( r , r ) , (o , r )

P@i--h=+

تهیه کننده : سعید جعفری صرمی

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