20m 28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(1)

A-15

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(2)

A-16

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(3)

A-17

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(4)

A-18

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(5)

A-19

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(6)

A-20

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(7)

A-21

20m

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(8)

A-22

28m

20m

28

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(9)

A-23

28m

Pro

je T

aim

ani R

oad

(10)

A-24

R=700

60m

S=1:2,000

(1)A-25

R=700

60m

R=700

R=700

S=1:2,000

(2)A-26

R=1500

60m

S=1:2,000

(3)A-27

60m

R=1500

S=1:2,000

(4)A-28

R=1000

60m

S=1:2,000

(5)A-29

60m

R=1000

S=1:2,000

(6)A-30

60m S=1:2,000

(7)A-31

A-32

A-33

A-34

A-35

Reta

inin

gW

all

L=82

m

Brid

geL=

225m

Reta

inin

gW

all

L=15

0m

S=1:

2,50

0

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (B

ridge

)

A-36

i=5%

i=5%

4.70

5@45

.00=

225

Ret

aini

ng W

all

82m

Leng

th o

f Brid

ge22

5mR

etai

ning

Wal

l15

0m

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (B

ridge

)

A-37

A-38

Rw(U

type

)L=

155m

Rw(U

type

)L=

305m

Unde

r Box

L=12

5m

S=1:

2,50

0

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (U

nder

Box

Cul

vert

+ U

Sha

ped

Rta

inin

g W

all)

A-39

Rw

(U ty

pe)

L=30

5mU

nder

Box

L=12

5m

i=5%

i=1.

7%i=

5%

Rw

(U ty

pe)

L=15

5m

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (U

nder

Box

Cul

vert

+ U

Sha

ped

Rta

inin

g W

all)

A-40

C-Bo

xL=

77m

RwRw

(Uty

pe)

L=15

5m

Rw(U

type

)L=

305m

L=10

m

C-Bo

xL=

38m

Unde

r Box

L=12

5m

S=1:

2,50

0

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (U

nder

Box

Cul

vert

+ U

Sha

ped

Rta

inin

g W

all)

A-41

Rw

(U ty

pe)

L=30

5mU

nder

Box

L=12

5m

i=5%

i=1.

7%i=

5%

C-B

oxL=

77m

Rw

L=10

mC

-Box

L=38

m

Rw

(U ty

pe)

L=15

5m

Sar

ay S

ham

ali I

nter

sect

ion

Gra

de S

epar

atio

n (U

nder

Box

Cul

vert

+ U

Sha

ped

Rta

inin

g W

all)

A-42

Disaster Prevention System at Saray Shamali Grade Separation (Underpass (Based on Japanese Standards)

1. Disaster Prevention Classes

There are five disaster prevention classes ranging from Class AA to Class D. The total length and maximum traffic volume at the Saray Shamali Intersection underpass are shown below.

Length of box culvert : 125 m Traffic volume : 20,000 vehicles/day (traffic capacity for four lane underpass)

When these values are inserted to a disaster prevention class judgement chart, the underpass in question falls in Class C.

Figure 1.1 Disaster Prevention Class Judgement Chart

2. Disaster Prevention Systems

Table 1-1 lists the disaster prevention systems required for each class. When an accident occurs inside the underpass, people evacuate the underpass on foot. Because of the short length of the underpass of 125 m and in consideration of the telecommunications and power supply conditions in Afghanistan, no special disaster prevention systems are believed to be necessary.

(vehcles/day)

Class D Class C Class B Class A

Class AA

Tunnel Length (m)

A-43

Table 1.1 Disaster Prevention Systems required for each class

Emergency System Tunnel Class Remarks AA A B C D Reporting/ alarm system

Emergency telephone

O O O O

Push button alarm system

O O O O

Fire detector O In principle, fire detectors are installed in a tunnel equipped with a water spray system. It is desirable for fire detectors to be installed in a tunnel equipped with a ventilation system.

Emergency alarm system

O O O O

Fire extinguisher system

Fire extinguisher O O O Fire hydrant O O

Evacuation/ guiding system

Guiding board O O O Smoke control system or evacuation passage

O The installation of either a smoke control system or evacuation passages depends on the length, existence of a ventilation system, traffic system and other factors of the tunnel in question. The installation of evacuation passages is preferable for a two way traffic tunnel with busy traffic and a vertical flow ventilation system covering a length of 3,000 m or more. It is desirable for inspection corridors, pedestrian tunnels, access shafts and ventilation shafts to be used as evacuation passages.

Other systems Water plug O It is desirable for water plugs to be installed in a tunnel equipped with fire hydrants.

Auxiliary radio communication system

O The installation of this system should be considered taking the activities of not only the road administrator but also fire fighters, traffic volume and tunnel length into consideration.

Radio rebroadcasting system or public announcement system

O The installation of a radio rebroadcasting system should be considered taking the traffic volume, tunnel length and prospect of its efficient use as an emergency system into consideration. The installation of a public announcement system should be considered for a tunnel which is equipped with a radio rebroadcasting system and which has a branching out section(s), junction(s) and pavement(s).

Water spray system

O The installation of a water spray system for a 3,000 m long or longer tunnel with a heavy traffic volume should be considered depending on the tunnel conditions (traffic system, existence/non-existence of evacuation passages as well as ceiling boards and others).

Monitoring system

O A monitoring system should be installed in a tunnel equipped with a water spray system.

Note: O indicates that the system should, in principle, be installed while indicates that the system should be installed as appropriate. Japan Road Association, “Emergency System Installation Standard for Road Tunnels and Explanations”, October, 2001, p. 14.

A-44

Ventilation at Saray Shamali Grade Separation Intersection (Underpass)

1. Limitations of Natural Ventilation

The “Technical Standards for Road Tunnels (Ventilation) and Explanations” (October, 2008) stipulate that natural ventilation may be feasible for a two way traffic or one way traffic tunnel based on data from existing tunnels when the multiplication value is equal to or below the value listed below.

Two way traffic tunnel L x N = 1,000 One way traffic tunnel L x N = 3,000

Where, L = tunnel length (km) N = number of vehicles per hour

2. Traffic Volumes of Saray Shamali Road and Charikar Road

The traffic census at these roads produced the following figures.

Saray Shamali Road Charikar Road : 10,141 vehicles/12 hours Charikar Road Saray Shamali Road : 7,735 vehicles/12 hours

Based on the above figures, the number of lanes in the underpass is set at four (two lanes in each direction). The two lanes in each direction are separated by a series of columns erected on the central island.

3. Judgement on Natural Ventilation

The peak time traffic volume is one-tenth of the observed traffic volume in the 12 hour period and whether or not sufficient ventilation can be achieved by the moving traffic alone is judged in the following manner. It is also judged if natural ventilation is enough when the traffic volume increases to the traffic capacity of two single way lanes. The conclusion is that the estimated ventilation capacity of the moving traffic is sufficient to meet the required ventilation volume in both cases. However, a further careful survey is required because of the fact that the emission volume of each vehicle travelling in Kabul is quite different from the emission volume of vehicles in Japan.

Feasibility of natural ventilation based on the current traffic volume 0.125 x 1,014 = 127 < 3,000

Feasibility of natural ventilation based on the traffic capacity of the underpass 0.125 x (20,000 x 0.12) = 300 < 3,000

A-45

Figure Guidelines for Natural Ventilation (One Way Tunnel) Source: Japan Road Association, “Technical Standards for Road Tunnels (Ventilation) and

Explanations”, Revised Edition, October, 2008, p. 36

Maximum Traffic Volume

Current Traffic Volume

Natural Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation

L*N=3000

Tunnel Length (km)

Hou

rly T

raffi

c V

olum

e (v

ehic

les/h

our)

A-46

A-47

Sou

then

Par

t of P

roje

Tai

man

i Roa

d

S=1:

3,00

0

A-48

6.0%

3.5x

2=7.

02.

03.

51.

03.

5x2=

7.0

2.0

3.5

1.0

5.0

32.0

10.0

10.0

Fron

tage

Roa

dFr

onta

ge R

oad

Sou

then

Par

t of P

roje

Tai

man

i Roa

d

A-49

Photographs for Each Improvement Project

A-50

(1) Qala-e-Zaman Khan Road

Eastward view from the western end intersection

View towards the western end intersection from the east

Eastward view from the west Eastward view from the west

Eastward view from the west View of the Ahmad Shah Baba Road construction site for the eastern end intersection

A-51

(2) Makroyan Bridge

Full view of the existing bridge Road surface of the existing bridge

Upstream side of the existing bridge Downstream side of the existing bridge

A-52

(3) Awali May Road

Westward view of the eastern end intersection

Westward view from the east

Westward view from the east Westward view from the east

Westward view from the east Eastward view from the western end intersection

A-53

(4) Guzargah Bridge

Full view of the bridge from the downstream side

Full view of the bridge from the upstream side

Road surface of the existing bridge Planned new bridge location on the downstream side

North-westward view from the existing bridge

Two lane road under improvement by the Kabul Municipality

A-54

(5) Proje Taimani Road

North-eastward view from the southern end North-eastward view from the southwest side

North-eastward view from the southwest side South end of the missing link section

Earth road in the missing link section Point of connection to Airport North Road

A-55

(6) Hisai si Road ~ Market Road

Intersection with Airport North Road Southward view from the north

Southward view from the north South-westward view from the northeast

South-westward view from the northeast View towards the southern end intersection from the northeast

A-56

(7) Kapisa Wat Road

North-westward view from the southern end intersection

North-westward view from the southeast

North-westward view from the southeast North-westward view from the southeast

Northward view from the south View towards the northern end intersection from the south

A-57

(8) District 11 Collector Road

Currently unpaved Currently unpaved

A-58

(9) Saray Shamali Roundabout

Eastward view from the roundabout South-eastward view from the roundabout

Southward view from the roundabout Northward view from the roundabout

North-eastward view from the roundabout Full view of the roundabout from a hill top in the northeast

A-59

(10) U-Turn Road on Charikar Road

Full view of the candidate U-turn road from a hill top in the southeast

Farm run by the Municipal Parks and Greens Division

Public toilets on the farm

Greenhouse on the farm Existing U-turn road on the west side

A-60

(11) Dispitury Intersection

Eastward view from the intersection Eastward view from the intersection

Westward view from the intersection Westward view from the intersection

Northward view from the intersection View of the intersection from the north

A-61