20m 28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(1)
A-15
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(2)
A-16
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(3)
A-17
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(4)
A-18
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(5)
A-19
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(6)
A-20
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(7)
A-21
20m
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(8)
A-22
28m
20m
28
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(9)
A-23
28m
Pro
je T
aim
ani R
oad
(10)
A-24
R=700
60m
S=1:2,000
(1)A-25
R=700
60m
R=700
R=700
S=1:2,000
(2)A-26
R=1500
60m
S=1:2,000
(3)A-27
60m
R=1500
S=1:2,000
(4)A-28
R=1000
60m
S=1:2,000
(5)A-29
60m
R=1000
S=1:2,000
(6)A-30
60m S=1:2,000
(7)A-31
A-32
A-33
A-34
A-35
Reta
inin
gW
all
L=82
m
Brid
geL=
225m
Reta
inin
gW
all
L=15
0m
S=1:
2,50
0
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (B
ridge
)
A-36
i=5%
i=5%
4.70
5@45
.00=
225
Ret
aini
ng W
all
82m
Leng
th o
f Brid
ge22
5mR
etai
ning
Wal
l15
0m
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (B
ridge
)
A-37
A-38
Rw(U
type
)L=
155m
Rw(U
type
)L=
305m
Unde
r Box
L=12
5m
S=1:
2,50
0
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (U
nder
Box
Cul
vert
+ U
Sha
ped
Rta
inin
g W
all)
A-39
Rw
(U ty
pe)
L=30
5mU
nder
Box
L=12
5m
i=5%
i=1.
7%i=
5%
Rw
(U ty
pe)
L=15
5m
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (U
nder
Box
Cul
vert
+ U
Sha
ped
Rta
inin
g W
all)
A-40
C-Bo
xL=
77m
RwRw
(Uty
pe)
L=15
5m
Rw(U
type
)L=
305m
L=10
m
C-Bo
xL=
38m
Unde
r Box
L=12
5m
S=1:
2,50
0
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (U
nder
Box
Cul
vert
+ U
Sha
ped
Rta
inin
g W
all)
A-41
Rw
(U ty
pe)
L=30
5mU
nder
Box
L=12
5m
i=5%
i=1.
7%i=
5%
C-B
oxL=
77m
Rw
L=10
mC
-Box
L=38
m
Rw
(U ty
pe)
L=15
5m
Sar
ay S
ham
ali I
nter
sect
ion
Gra
de S
epar
atio
n (U
nder
Box
Cul
vert
+ U
Sha
ped
Rta
inin
g W
all)
A-42
Disaster Prevention System at Saray Shamali Grade Separation (Underpass (Based on Japanese Standards)
1. Disaster Prevention Classes
There are five disaster prevention classes ranging from Class AA to Class D. The total length and maximum traffic volume at the Saray Shamali Intersection underpass are shown below.
Length of box culvert : 125 m Traffic volume : 20,000 vehicles/day (traffic capacity for four lane underpass)
When these values are inserted to a disaster prevention class judgement chart, the underpass in question falls in Class C.
Figure 1.1 Disaster Prevention Class Judgement Chart
2. Disaster Prevention Systems
Table 1-1 lists the disaster prevention systems required for each class. When an accident occurs inside the underpass, people evacuate the underpass on foot. Because of the short length of the underpass of 125 m and in consideration of the telecommunications and power supply conditions in Afghanistan, no special disaster prevention systems are believed to be necessary.
(vehcles/day)
Class D Class C Class B Class A
Class AA
Tunnel Length (m)
A-43
Table 1.1 Disaster Prevention Systems required for each class
Emergency System Tunnel Class Remarks AA A B C D Reporting/ alarm system
Emergency telephone
O O O O
Push button alarm system
O O O O
Fire detector O In principle, fire detectors are installed in a tunnel equipped with a water spray system. It is desirable for fire detectors to be installed in a tunnel equipped with a ventilation system.
Emergency alarm system
O O O O
Fire extinguisher system
Fire extinguisher O O O Fire hydrant O O
Evacuation/ guiding system
Guiding board O O O Smoke control system or evacuation passage
O The installation of either a smoke control system or evacuation passages depends on the length, existence of a ventilation system, traffic system and other factors of the tunnel in question. The installation of evacuation passages is preferable for a two way traffic tunnel with busy traffic and a vertical flow ventilation system covering a length of 3,000 m or more. It is desirable for inspection corridors, pedestrian tunnels, access shafts and ventilation shafts to be used as evacuation passages.
Other systems Water plug O It is desirable for water plugs to be installed in a tunnel equipped with fire hydrants.
Auxiliary radio communication system
O The installation of this system should be considered taking the activities of not only the road administrator but also fire fighters, traffic volume and tunnel length into consideration.
Radio rebroadcasting system or public announcement system
O The installation of a radio rebroadcasting system should be considered taking the traffic volume, tunnel length and prospect of its efficient use as an emergency system into consideration. The installation of a public announcement system should be considered for a tunnel which is equipped with a radio rebroadcasting system and which has a branching out section(s), junction(s) and pavement(s).
Water spray system
O The installation of a water spray system for a 3,000 m long or longer tunnel with a heavy traffic volume should be considered depending on the tunnel conditions (traffic system, existence/non-existence of evacuation passages as well as ceiling boards and others).
Monitoring system
O A monitoring system should be installed in a tunnel equipped with a water spray system.
Note: O indicates that the system should, in principle, be installed while indicates that the system should be installed as appropriate. Japan Road Association, “Emergency System Installation Standard for Road Tunnels and Explanations”, October, 2001, p. 14.
A-44
Ventilation at Saray Shamali Grade Separation Intersection (Underpass)
1. Limitations of Natural Ventilation
The “Technical Standards for Road Tunnels (Ventilation) and Explanations” (October, 2008) stipulate that natural ventilation may be feasible for a two way traffic or one way traffic tunnel based on data from existing tunnels when the multiplication value is equal to or below the value listed below.
Two way traffic tunnel L x N = 1,000 One way traffic tunnel L x N = 3,000
Where, L = tunnel length (km) N = number of vehicles per hour
2. Traffic Volumes of Saray Shamali Road and Charikar Road
The traffic census at these roads produced the following figures.
Saray Shamali Road Charikar Road : 10,141 vehicles/12 hours Charikar Road Saray Shamali Road : 7,735 vehicles/12 hours
Based on the above figures, the number of lanes in the underpass is set at four (two lanes in each direction). The two lanes in each direction are separated by a series of columns erected on the central island.
3. Judgement on Natural Ventilation
The peak time traffic volume is one-tenth of the observed traffic volume in the 12 hour period and whether or not sufficient ventilation can be achieved by the moving traffic alone is judged in the following manner. It is also judged if natural ventilation is enough when the traffic volume increases to the traffic capacity of two single way lanes. The conclusion is that the estimated ventilation capacity of the moving traffic is sufficient to meet the required ventilation volume in both cases. However, a further careful survey is required because of the fact that the emission volume of each vehicle travelling in Kabul is quite different from the emission volume of vehicles in Japan.
Feasibility of natural ventilation based on the current traffic volume 0.125 x 1,014 = 127 < 3,000
Feasibility of natural ventilation based on the traffic capacity of the underpass 0.125 x (20,000 x 0.12) = 300 < 3,000
A-45
Figure Guidelines for Natural Ventilation (One Way Tunnel) Source: Japan Road Association, “Technical Standards for Road Tunnels (Ventilation) and
Explanations”, Revised Edition, October, 2008, p. 36
Maximum Traffic Volume
Current Traffic Volume
Natural Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation
L*N=3000
Tunnel Length (km)
Hou
rly T
raffi
c V
olum
e (v
ehic
les/h
our)
A-46
A-47
Sou
then
Par
t of P
roje
Tai
man
i Roa
d
S=1:
3,00
0
A-48
6.0%
3.5x
2=7.
02.
03.
51.
03.
5x2=
7.0
2.0
3.5
1.0
5.0
32.0
10.0
10.0
Fron
tage
Roa
dFr
onta
ge R
oad
Sou
then
Par
t of P
roje
Tai
man
i Roa
d
A-49
Photographs for Each Improvement Project
A-50
(1) Qala-e-Zaman Khan Road
Eastward view from the western end intersection
View towards the western end intersection from the east
Eastward view from the west Eastward view from the west
Eastward view from the west View of the Ahmad Shah Baba Road construction site for the eastern end intersection
A-51
(2) Makroyan Bridge
Full view of the existing bridge Road surface of the existing bridge
Upstream side of the existing bridge Downstream side of the existing bridge
A-52
(3) Awali May Road
Westward view of the eastern end intersection
Westward view from the east
Westward view from the east Westward view from the east
Westward view from the east Eastward view from the western end intersection
A-53
(4) Guzargah Bridge
Full view of the bridge from the downstream side
Full view of the bridge from the upstream side
Road surface of the existing bridge Planned new bridge location on the downstream side
North-westward view from the existing bridge
Two lane road under improvement by the Kabul Municipality
A-54
(5) Proje Taimani Road
North-eastward view from the southern end North-eastward view from the southwest side
North-eastward view from the southwest side South end of the missing link section
Earth road in the missing link section Point of connection to Airport North Road
A-55
(6) Hisai si Road ~ Market Road
Intersection with Airport North Road Southward view from the north
Southward view from the north South-westward view from the northeast
South-westward view from the northeast View towards the southern end intersection from the northeast
A-56
(7) Kapisa Wat Road
North-westward view from the southern end intersection
North-westward view from the southeast
North-westward view from the southeast North-westward view from the southeast
Northward view from the south View towards the northern end intersection from the south
A-57
(8) District 11 Collector Road
Currently unpaved Currently unpaved
A-58
(9) Saray Shamali Roundabout
Eastward view from the roundabout South-eastward view from the roundabout
Southward view from the roundabout Northward view from the roundabout
North-eastward view from the roundabout Full view of the roundabout from a hill top in the northeast
A-59
(10) U-Turn Road on Charikar Road
Full view of the candidate U-turn road from a hill top in the southeast
Farm run by the Municipal Parks and Greens Division
Public toilets on the farm
Greenhouse on the farm Existing U-turn road on the west side
A-60
(11) Dispitury Intersection
Eastward view from the intersection Eastward view from the intersection
Westward view from the intersection Westward view from the intersection
Northward view from the intersection View of the intersection from the north
A-61
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