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n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg:cgGt/fd e08f/L, 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn

;/f]h nfld5fg], 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn

k'g/fjnf]sg:8f= s[i0f k|;fb cfrfo{, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, s0ff{nL k|b]z

8f= /fh]Gb| s]=;L=, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

8f= a'l¢;fu/ kf}8]n, /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|

lbks 1jfnL, l8lehg jg sfof{no, bfË, 3f]/fxL

o1d"lt{ vgfn, /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|

lzj/fh e§, 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn

zDe' bËfn, l/skm\6 g]kfn

ls/0f ltdlN;gf, u|Lg uegf{G; g]kfn

;jf{lwsf/: © 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn, @)@) - lj=;+=@)&^_ o; k'l:tsfsf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs efusf] k'g?Tkfbg ul/Pdf zLif{s pNn]v ul/g'kg]{ 5

/ dfly pNn]lvt k|sfzsnfO{ ;jf{lwsf/sf] >]o lbOg'kg]{ 5 .

k|s.zg:8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn

kf]:6 aS; g+ &^^)

afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}F, g]kfn

kmf]gM (&& -$$#$*@)

Od]nM info@wwfnepal.org j]a;fO6M www.wwfnepal.org

lrq0f:8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn÷k|lbk s].;L

k|fSsyg

ljZjAofkL tLj| ?kdf jg ljgf; eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg ljut b'O{ bzsdf g]kfndf jgIf]q

j[l¢ eO{ b]zsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] $$=&$ k|ltzt sfod ePsf] 5 . /fhg}lts cl:y/tf tyf a9\bf]

zx/Ls/0fsf ljr klg g]kfnn] jg ;+/If0fdf k|fKt u/]sf] pknlAw k|z+;gLo /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L

lgsfosf] pRr dgf]jn Pjd\ ;jn g]t[Tj, :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;s[o Pjd\ lg0ff{os e"ldsf,

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjo tyf ;+/If0f ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]un] ubf{ g]kfnn] of] pknlAw k|fKt

ug{ ;kmn ePsf] xf] . t/ klg hg;+Vof j[l¢, pRr ljsf; cfjZostf / a9\bf] zx/Ls/0fn]

ubf{ jg If]qnfO{ xfnsf] cj:yfdf sfod /fVg' r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 . ;fy} ljsf; cfjZostf k"lt{sf

nflu lgdf{0f ul/g] ef}lts k'jf{wf/x?nfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg ;s]df dfq h}ljs ljljwtf

tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'Ug'sf ;fy} k'jf{wf/x?sf] lbuf]kgf ;'lglZrt x'G5 . csf]{tkm{

jg;|f]tsf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy} jgsf] pTkfbsTj tyf jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] pTkfbg tyf kfl/l:yltsLo

;]jfx?sf] j[l¢ ub}{ To;sf] lbuf] pkof]u dfkm{t :yfgLo hLljsf]kfh{g, /f]huf/L tyf cy{tGqdf

;3fp k'¥ofpg] u/L jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu

jg tyf e"–;+/If0f ljefusf] k|of;nfO{ 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfnn] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lbuf]

jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xsfo{ ug{ cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / jg tyf

e"–;+/If0f ljefuk|lt xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' .

g]kfndf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] cefjnfO{ sd ug{ ljz]ifu/L jg

pkef]Qmfx? tyf jg If]qdf sfo{/t :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx?sf nflu of] k'l:tsf ;xof]uL x'g]5 .

;fy} jg Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t jg k|fljlwsx? Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf nflu ;d]t of] k'l:tsf

pkof]uL x'g]5 eGg]df dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 .

k'l:tsf tof/ ug{ vl6g'x'g] 8An'8An'Pkmsf cgGt/fd e08f/L, ;/f]h nfld5fg] /

lzj/fh e§ tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cd'No ;'emfj lbg'x'g] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf

jftfj/0f dGqfno, s0ff{nL k|b]zsf 8f= s[i0f k|;fb cfrfo{, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf

8f= /fh]Gb| s]=;L=, /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|sf 8f= a'l¢;fu/ kf}8]n / o1d"lt{ vgfn, l8lehg jg sfof{no,

bfË, 3f]/fxLsf lbks 1jfnL, l/skm\6sf zDe' b+ufn / u|Lg uegf{G;sf ls/0f ltdlN;gfnfO{

xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . ;fy} k'l:tsf n]vg tyf k|sfzgsf nflu k|ToIf ck|ToIf ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg] ;Dk"0f{ JolQm, ;d'bfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? k|lt s[t1 5' .

8f= 3gZofd u'?Ë /fli6«o k|ltlglw

8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn

ldlt M @)&^÷!@÷)%

;Gb]z

jgsf] pTkfbsTj tyf jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] pTkfbg tyf kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfx?sf] j[l¢ ub}{ To;sf] lbuf]

pkof]u dfkm{t :yfgLo hLljsf]kfh{g, /f]huf/L tyf cy{tGqdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] u/L jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg

ug'{ cfjZos 5 . To;sf/0f g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f ljefun] lbuf]

jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . jg If]qsf] /0fgLlt @)&@ n] lj=;+= @)*! ;Dd t/fO{

tyf leqL dw]zsf] %) k|ltzt / dWo kxf8L If]qsf] @% k|ltzt jg If]qsf] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg ug{] nIo

/fv]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu jgdf cfl>t :yfgLo ;d'bfo, jg

pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?, ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / ;+/If0f ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xeflutf, ;dGjo / ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

kRrL; aif{sf] bL3{sflng ;f]r …;d[¢ g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÚ ;lxt tof/ ul/Psf] kGw|fF} of]hgf @)&^÷&&–@)*)÷*!

n] jg If]qnfO{{ pTkfbglzn cfly{s If]qsf] ?kdf klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg

d'Vo cfwf/ :tDe xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] b"/b[li6 …;d[l¢sf nflu jgÚ nfO{

d"t{ ?k lbgsf nflu ;d]t lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /xG5 . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] ;kmn

sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / jg k|fljlwsx?sf] ;dfg a'emfO TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lbuf] jg

Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfx?sf] 1fg lkmN8df sfo{/t jg k|fljlwsx?, jg If]qdf ;+nUg :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx?

/ jg pkef]Qmf :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg of] k'l:tsf ;xof]uL x'g]5 . k'l:tsf tof/ ug]{ lj1 ;d"x / k|sfzg ug]{

8An'8An'Pkm k|lt xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ub{5' .

dg axfb'/ v8\sf

dxflgb]{zs

kl/R5]b ! M jg Joj:yfkg (Forest Management) .................................................................... !

!=! k[i7e"ld (Background) ...........................................................................................................................!

!=@ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg (Sustainable Forest Management) ........................................................................#

kl/R5]b @ M jg ;+j4{g (Silviculture) ...........................................................................................%

@=! jg ;+j4{g sfo{x? (Silvicultural Operations) ....................................................................................... %

@=@ jg ;+j4{g k|0ffnL (Silvicultural System) ..............................................................................................*

@=# afnLrqm pd]/ (Rotation Age) .............................................................................................................!&

kl/R5]b # M jg sfo{of]hgf (Forest Operational Plan) ...........................................................!*

#=! sfo{of]hgfsf] ljifoj:t' tyf k|lqmof (Content and Process of Operational Plan) .................................. !*

#=@ jg;|f]t dfkg (Forest Resource Measurement) ..................................................................................@!

#=# cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg (Monitoring and Evaluation) ...........................................................................@%

kl/R5]b $ M jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff (Environmental and Social Safeguard) .@^

$=! jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff (Environmental Safeguard) ....................................................................................@^

$=@ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff (Social Safeguard) ......................................................................................................@^

kl/R5]b % M jg k|df0fLs/0f (Forest Certification) ..................................................................@&

%=! cjwf/0ff (Concept) .............................................................................................................................@&

%=@ g]kfndf jg k|df0fLs/0f (Forest Certification in Nepal) ......................................................................@&

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L (References) ........................................................................................................................#)

ljifo;"rL

zAb ;+lIfKt cy{

Afforestation jgLs/0fklxn] jg gePsf] 7fpFdf jgsf] :yfkgf ug'{ .

Annual allowable cut jflif{s :jLsfo{ s6fg

jgjfnLsf] :jf:YonfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L jflif{s ?kdf s6fg ug{ ;lsg] ?vx¿sf] cfotg .

Biomass h}ljs lk08 af]6 ;fdfu|Lsf] s'n ;'Vvf tf}n .

Diameter of tree ?vsf] Jof;hldgsf] ;txaf6 !=# ld6/ prfO{df dfkg ul/Psf] ?vsf] Jof; .

Ecosystem kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLh}ljs hut / ef}lts jftfj/0f ljrsf] cGt/ ;DjlGwt k|0ffnL .

Even-aged forest ;dfg pd]/sf] jg

nueu ;dfg pd]/sf ?v la¿jf ePsf] jg . k|fs[lts jgsf] xsdf slDtdf &%% ;dfg pd]/sf ?v la¿jf ePsf] jg .

Felling diameter s6fg Jof;kl/kSj cj:yfdf k'u]sf ?vsf] s6fgsf nflu lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] Jof; .

Forest jg

kfFr ld6/ jf ;f] eGbf cUnf ?vx?n] !) k|ltzt eGbf a9L 5q ;lxt cf]u6]sf] slDtdf cfwf x]S6/ If]qkmn ePsf] e"–efu .

Growing stock j[l4 df}Hbft jgdf ePsf ;a} ?vx¿sf] cfotg .

Increment j[l4lglZrt cjlwdf x'g] ?v jf jgafnLsf] j[l4 .

Mixed forest ldl>t jgb'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L k|hflt ePsf] jg .

Mother tree dfp ?vaLp, 5fof, h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kof{j/0fsf nflu /flvPsf] pRr u'0f:t/sf] ?v .

Forest operational plan jg sfo{of]hgflglZrt cjlwsf] nflu jg Joj:yfkg ug{ :jLs[t ul/Psf] ;du| of]hgf .

Pole kf]n÷jNnfjNnL!) b]lv @(=( ;]lG6ld6/ ;Dd Jof; ePsf] af]6 .

zAbfjnL

zAb ;+lIfKt cy{

Pruning nVofpg]?vaf6 hLljt jf ;'s]sf xfFufx¿ x6fpg] sfo{ .

Pure forest Psn jgsDtLdf *) k|ltzt Pp6} k|hflt ePsf] jg .

Reforestation k'gMjgLs/0flglZrt p2]Zosf nflu klxn] jg ePsf] jf sd;n jg If]qdf jgsf] k'gM :yfkgf .

Regeneration k'g?TkfbgjgafnLsf] k|fs[lts jf s[lqd dfWodaf6 ul/g] gjLs/0f k|ls|of .

Regeneration felling k'g?Tkfbg s6fgk'g?Tkfbg ;'lglZrt ug{ dfp ?v 5f]8L cGo ?vx?nfO{ of]hgfj4 ul/g] s6fg .

Regeneration period k'g?Tkfbg cjlwla¿jf pTkfbg / jg :yfkgf aLrsf] ;dofjlw .

Rotation age afnLrqm pd]/k'g?Tkfbg / clGtd s6fg aLrsf] ;dofjlw .

Sapling Nffy|fPs ld6/ eGbf a9L prfO{{ / !) ;]lG6ld6/ eGbf sd Jof; ePsf] af]6 .

Seedling la¿jfPs ld6/ eGbf sd prfO{{ ePsf] af]6 .

Silviculture jg ;+j¢{g jgafnL nufpg] tyf x'sf{pg] lj1fg .

Silvicultural operation jg ;+j¢{g sfo{jgafnL nufpg tyf x'sf{pg Jojl:yt ?kdf ul/g] sfo{ .

Silvicultural system jg ;+j¢{g k|0ffnL

jgafnL nufpg, x'sf{pg tyf pTkfbg lgodg ug{ cjnDag ul/g] jg ;+a¢{g sfo{sf] l;nl;n]jf/ Pjd\ ;dli6ut sfo{k2lt .

Thinning kTNofpg]Nffy|f, kf]n jf ?vx?sf] afSnf] pkl:yltnfO{ kftnf] agfpg] sfo{ .

Tree ?v#) ;]lG6ld6/ eGbf a9L Jof; ePsf] af]6 .

Uneven-aged forest c;dfg pd]/sf] jgleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf ?v la¿jf ePsf] jg .

Volume table cfotg tflnsf?vsf] prfO{{ / Jof;sf] cfwf/df cg'dflgt cfotg dfkg tflnsf .

Yield pkhjflif{s jf cfjlws ¿kdf s6fg ug{ ;lsg] ?vx¿sf] cfotg .

s|=;= jgsf] lsl;d

! ;fn jg

@ l;;f}–vo/ jg

# c;gf÷;fh jg

$ pi0f ktem/ gbLt6Lo jg

% pi0f ;bfjxf/ jg

^ pkf]i0f ;bfjxf/ jg

& pkf]i0f ktem/ kxf8L jg

* lrnfpg]–s6'; jg

( pkf]i0f cw{;bfjxf/ kxf8L jg

!) Vff]+6];Nnf jg

!! ss{; OGsfgf – s. nfg'lugf];f jg

!@ ss{; l8nf6f jg

!# ss{; ;]ldsflk{kmf]lnof jg

!$ ss{; nfd]nf];f jg

!%Sof:6fgf]lK;; l6«a'NjfOO\; Sof. lxl:6«S; jg

!^ lnyf]sfk{; jg

!& cf]v/ ldl>t jg

!* lztf]i0f ldl>t rf}8fkft] jg

!( pRr lztf]i0f ldl>t rf}8fkft] jg

@) u'/fF; jg

@! lkl;of l:dlyofgf jg

@@ Pljh :k]S6fljln; jg

@# Pljh lk08«f] jg

@$ kfOg; PS;]N;f jg

@% ;'uf 8'df];f jg

@^ Eff]hkq jg

@& s'k|];; jg

@* b]jbf/ jg

@( Nofl/S; jg

#) plQ; jg

#! nx/]lkkn jg

#@ lxKkf]kfP jg

## cf]l;nf] cNkfOg emf8L jg

#$ ;'Vvf cNkfOg emf8L jg

#% h'lgk/ jg

!=! k[i7e"ld (Background)

;fdfGotof ?vla¿jfx?n] cf]u6]sf] e"–efunfO{

jg elgG5 . k|rlnt kl/efiff cg';f/ % ld6/

jf ;f] eGbf cUnf ?vx?n] !) k|ltzt eGbf a9L

5q ;lxt cf]u6]sf] slDtdf cfwf x]S6/ If]qkmn

ePsf] e"–efu jg xf] . g]kfndf jgn] ^^,^!,)))

x]S6/ If]qkmn ;lxt s'n e"–efusf] $$=&$ k|ltzt

e"–efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k|fs[lts cj:yfdf

/x]sf !!* lsl;dsf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLx?

dWo] !!@ j6f -(%Ü_ kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLx?

jgdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . ;fy}, g]kfndf /x]sf !#,)^&

k|hfltsf jg:klt / !&,)(& k|hfltsf hLjhGt'

u/L #),!^& eGbf a9L k|hfltsf hLljt hutnfO{

jgn] k|ToIf jf k/f]If ?kdf cf>o k|bfg u/]sf]

5 . :6]06g -;g\ !(&@_ sf cg';f/ g]kfndf #%

lsl;dsf k|fs[lts jgx? /x]sf 5g\ -tflnsf !_ .

tflnsf !: g]kfndf kfOg] jgsf lsl;d

kl/R5]b ! M

jg Joj:yfkg (Forest Management)

!

g]kfndf lj=;+= !(() eGbf klxnf jg Joj:yfkgnfO{

vf;} dxTj lbPsf]] kfOFb}g . lj=;+= !(() sf]

bzsdf t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zsf] jgnfO{ k"j{

tyf klZrd lbzfdf ljefhg u/]/ cAan bhf{sf

;fnsf ?vx? s6fg u/L /]nj] l;lnk/sf nflu

ef/tdf sf7 lgof{t u/]sf] kfOG5 . pQm ;dodf

/fHon] t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zsf] jgnfO{ /fhZj

;+sngsf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf pkof]u u/]sf]] b]lvG5 .

;fy}, lj=;+= @))& eGbf klxnf jghËnnfO{ ljleGg

hfthfltsf :yfgLo ;d'bfox?n] lsk6, u'7L h:tf

;fd'lxs ;DklQsf ?kdf pkof]u ug{] / csf]{

tkm{ tTsflng lgofdsx?n] O{R5fOPsf JolQm jf

kl/jf/x?nfO{ ljtf{ jf hflu/sf ?kdf jghËnsf]

:jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ug{] k|rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . jg

;|f]tnfO{ /fHosf] ;DklQsf] ?kdf dgg\ u/L lj=;+=

@)!# df ;a} k|sf/sf jgx? /fli6«os/0f u/L

jgsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ lj=;+= @)!* df jg

;+/If0f P]g nfu' ul/Psf] lyof] . jgsf] /fli6«os/0f

kZrft\ :yfgLo ;d'bfox?df jgk|ltsf] ckgTjdf

sdL x'Fb} uPkl5 jgsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf j[l4 ug{ lj=;+= @)#% df

k+rfotL jg / k+rfot ;+/If0f jg nfu' ul/P;Fu}

;fd'bflos jgsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 .

jg If]qsf] /0fgLlt @)&@ tyf jg P]g @)&^ nfO{

cfwf/ dfGbf Joj:yfksLo b[li6sf]0fn] g]kfnsf]

jGfnfO{ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg / ;d'bfoåf/f

Jojl:yt jg u/L b'O{ efudf ljefhg ug{

;lsG5 . ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg cGtu{t ;+/lIft

If]qsf jg, rfSnf jg÷cGt/kf| b]lzs jg / jg

;+/If0f If]q /x]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfoåf/f Jojl:yt jg

cGtu{t ;fd'bflos jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, wfld{s

jg, sa'lnotL jg -ljkGgd'lv / Jofj;flos_ /

;+/If0f÷dWojtL{ If]qsf] jg /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf

;fy} ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] jg / zx/L jgsf] ?kdf

;fj{hlgs :yn / gu/ If]qx?df jg If]q Joj:yfkg

ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf jgsf] Joj:yfksLo :j?k

lrq ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

;a} lsl;dsf jgx?sf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy} plrt

Joj:yfkg ub}{ jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] pTkfbg tyf

kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfx?sf]] lbuf] pkof]u ug'{ ckl/xfo{

5 . h;sf nflu lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg cfjZos 5 .

o; k'l:tsfdf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff,

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] cfwf/ :tDesf] ?kdf /x]sf]

jg ;+j4{g k|0ffnL, jg sfo{of]hgf, jftfj/0fLo

tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / jg k|df0fLs/0f h:tf

ljifoa:t'x? ;d]l6Psf] 5 . jg Joj:yfkgdf

;+nUg jg pkef]Qmfx? tyf :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx?,

jg Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t jg k|fljlwsx? Pjd\

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf nflu of] k'l:tsf pkof]uL x'g]5 .

lrq ! M g]kfndf jgsf] Joj:yfksLo :j?k

/fli6«o jg

;/sf/4f/f Jojl:yt jg

;+/lIft If]qsf] jg

rfSnf jg ÷cGt/k|fb]lzs jg

jg ;+/If0f If]q

;fd'bflos jg

;fem]bf/L jg

wfld{s jg

ljkGgd'lv sa'lnotL jg

Jofj;flos sa'lnotL jg

;+/If0f÷dWojtL{ If]qsf] jg

;d'bfo4f/f Jojl:yt jg

lghL jg

@

!=@ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg (Sustainable Forest Management)

!=@=! cjwf/0ff (Concept)

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o

;+3;:yfx?n] kl/eflift u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3Lo jg kmf]/dsf cg';f/ jt{dfg / efjL

k':tfsf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf jgsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs

/ jftfj/0fLo d"No–dfGotf sfod tyf a9fjf ug'{

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg xf] . To;}u/L, cGt/f{li6«o 6«lksn

l6Da/ ;+u7gsf cg';f/ lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKtsf

nflu jgsf] jt{dfg cj:yf tyf pTkfbsTj Pjd\

;fdflhs jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj gkg{] u/L

jg k}bfjf/ tyf ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/ cfk"lt{ ug{ cg'z/0f

ul/g] k4lt lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg xf] .

;du|df, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo

b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm / jgn] k|bfg ug{] pkh

tyf ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf jf j[l4 x'g] u/L ul/g]

jg Joj:yfkg g} lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg xf] . jg

;+j4{g k|0ffnL / o; ;+u ;DjlGwt lj1fg lbuf]

jg Joj:yfkgsf] d'Vo cfwf/ :tDe xf] h;n] jgn]

k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] pkh tyf ;]jfnfO{ lgodg ub{5 .

d'Vot, lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgn] M ● jgsf] pTkfbsTj Ifdtf cg';f/ clwstd jg pkh / kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jf k|bfg u5{ .

● jg pkh / kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfsf] pTkfbgnfO{ jt{dfg / eljiodf ;d]t lg/Gt/ k|bfg u5{ .

● jgsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ eO{ eljiodf klg efjL k':tfsf nflu jg /lx/xg] s'/fsf] ;'lgZrttf k|bfg u5{ .

● jftfj/0fLo, cfly{s / ;fdflhs d'NodfGotfsf] ;'/Iff tyf hu{]gf u5{ .

● :yfgLo /f]huf/L, cfDbfgL / /fhZjdf j[l4 ub{} cy{tGqdf ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 .

!=@=@ Gf]kfndf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg (Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal)

g]kfndf klxnf] k6s lj=;+= @)## df hf/L ul/Psf]

/fli6«o jg of]hgfn] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] kl/sNkgf

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . jg ljsf; u'?of]hgf @)$% n]

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZostfnfO{ phfu/ u/]

sf] 5 . jg P]g @)$( n] jgsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/

u/L :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd jg Joj:yfkg ug{

Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . jg gLlt @)%& n] t/fO{ tyf

leqL dw]zsf rfSnf jgx?sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgnfO{

k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . kfrfF} /fli6«o ;fd'bflos jg

uf]i7Lsf] 3f]if0ffkq @)^% n] jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf]

gLltut Joj:yf u/L sfo{fGjog ub}{ hfg] pNn]v

u/]sf] 5 . afx|f}F of]hgf @)^&÷^*–@)^(÷&) n]

jg ;Dkbfsf] j}1flgs, ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns

Joj:yfkg 4f/f kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfsf] k|j4{g ub}{

jgsf] pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug{ ;j} k|sf/sf jgx?nfO{

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg k2lt cg'?k Joj:yfkg ug{]

nIo /fv]sf] 5 . jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf]

b"/b[li6–@)#) …;d[l4sf nflu jgÚ df lbuf] jg

Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf lnOPsf]

5 . t]x|f}F of]hgf @)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&# df lbuf]

jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] 5 . ;fem]bf/L

jgsf] k|yd /fli6«o uf]i7L @)&! sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf

j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{] s'/f

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf jg clws[tx?sf] kfrf}F

/fli6«o uf]i7L @)&! n] ;j} k|sf/sf pTkfbglzn

jg If]qnfO{ b"/b[li6 ;lxtsf] jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf

tof/ u/L jg ;+j¢{g k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t lbuf] jg

Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|fyldstfsf ;fy lj:tf/ ug{

k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .

jg If]qsf] /0fgLlt @)&@ df lj=;+= @)*! ;Dd

t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zsf] %) k|ltzt / dWo kxf8L

If]qsf] @% k|ltzt jg If]qsf] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg

ug{] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . k|yd /fli6«o jg ;+j¢{g

uf]i7L @)&# n] ;j} k|sf/sf jgdf jg ;+j¢{g

k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg ug{] lgZsif{

lgsfn]sf] 5 . rf}wf+}F of]hgf @)&#÷&$–@)&%÷&^

n] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgåf/f jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj /

jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug{] p2]Zo tyf jgsf]

;xefuLtfd"ns lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{] /0fgLlt lnPsf]

5 . jg gLlt @)&% n] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg4f/f

jg If]qsf] pTkfbsTj / jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg

j[l4 ug{] nIo lnPsf] 5 . kGw|fF} of]hgf @)&^÷

&& – @)*)÷*! n] jg If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg /

pBdlzntfaf6 ;d[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] bL3{sflng

;f]r lnO{ jg If]qsf] k"0f{ Ifdtfsf] pkof]u x'g]

u/L lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{] /0fgLlt lnPsf] 5 .

#

g]kfndf t/fO{ / leqL dw]zsf ljleGg jgx?sf]

sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / gd'gf :j?k sfof{Gogsf nflu

lj=;+= @)%) s} bzsdf k|of;x? ul/Psf] ePtf

klg lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu lj=;+= @)^&÷^*

b]lv dfq slknj:t' / ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf ;fem]bf/L

jg / ;fd'bflos jgx?df j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] kfOG5 . lbuf] jg

Joj:yfkgsf nflu xfn j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg

sfo{ljlw @)&! Nffu' eO{ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf]

5 . jg tyf e"–;+/If0f ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/

xfn;Dd %@ lhNnfsf ^)& j6f ;fd'bflos

jg, #! j6f ;fem]bf/L jg / & j6f ;/sf/åf/f

Jojl:yt rfSnf jgdf u/L hDdf !,@!,*%@ x]S6/

jgIf]qdf j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd sfofGjog

eO/x]sf] 5 . oBlk, jg ;|f]t ;j{]If0f @)&! nfO{

cfwf/ dfGbf r'/] tyf t/fO{df sl/j *,*),)))

x]S6/ / dWo kxf8L If]qdf sl/j @,(^,))) x]S6/

u/L hDdf sl/j !!,&^,))) x]S6/ jgIf]q j}1flgs

jg Joj:yfkg ug{ of]Uo b]lvG5 . j}1flgs jg

Joj:yfkg sfof{Gjog ubf{ jg ;+j¢{gsf cltl/Qm

;fdflhs, cfly{s Pjd\ jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{

;d]t Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L 5 h;af6 lbuf] jg

Joj:yfkgsf] ;'lglZrttf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

g]kfndf jg Joj:yfkgsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ lrq @

df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

lrq @ M g]kfndf jg Joj:yfkgsf] ljsf;qmd

@)#)

@)$%

@)%)

@)^%

@)&)

@)&!

@)&@

@)&#

@)&$

@)&%

@)&^

/fli6«o jg of]hgf @)##

jg ljsf; u'?of]hgf @)$%

jg P]g@)$(

j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{s|d z'?jft

@)^&÷^*

jg If]qsf] /0fgLlt@)&@

jg gLlt@)&%

jg P]g@)&^

lhNnf jg clws[tx?sf] kfrFf} /fli6«o uf]i7L

@)&!

j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw

@)&!

jg tyf e"–;+/If0fdGqfnosf] b"/b[li6

jg gLlt@)%&

kfrfF} /fli6«o ;fd'bflos jg uf]i7L]

@)^%

afx|f}F of]hgf @)^&÷^*–@)^(÷&)

t]x|f}F of]hgf @)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&#

k|yd /fli6«o jg ;+j¢{g uf]i7L

@)&#

rf}wf+} of]hgf @)&#÷&$–@)&%÷&^

kGwfF} of]hgf @)&^÷&&–@)*)÷*!

;fem]bf/L jgsf] k|yd /fli6«o uf]i7L

@)&!

$

@=! jg ;+j4{g sfo{x?(Silvicultural Operations)

@=!=! la¿jf /f]k0f (Plantation)

jgafnL Joj:yfkgdf jgLs/0f tyf k'gMjgLs/0fsf

nflu la¿jf /f]k0f Ps z'?jftL r/0f xf] . aLp

5/]/ jf j[Iff/f]k0f u/]/ jf k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbgsf]

plrt ;+/If0faf6 jgafnL Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .

;kmn j[Iff/f]k0f lgDg s'/fx?df lge{/ /xG5 : ● k|hflt M p2]Zo;Fu d]n vfg], /f]Kg] :yfg ;'xfpFbf], pRr d'Nojfg tyf ahf/df dfu /x]sf] .

● la¿jf M :j:y / /fd|f];Fu x'ls{;s]sf] . ● vf8n M ;fdfGotof $% ;]lG6ld6/ ulx/f], j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{eGbf slDtdf b'O{ dlxgf cl3 tof/ ul/Psf] -lrq #_ .

● /f]k0f M jiff{t\sf] z'?jftL ;do jf pko'Qm kfgL tyf lr:ofgsf] Joj:yf ePsf] .

@=!=@ uf]8d]n / ;kmfO{{ (Weeding and Cleaning)

rfxgf ul/Psf jf O{R5fOPsf la¿jfx¿sf] j[l4df

gsf/fTds c;/ k'¥ofpg] cGo la¿jf tyf

emf/3fF;x¿ x6fpg] sfo{ uf]8d]n xf] . uf]8d]nn] k|sfz

/ kf]if0fsf] nflu x'g] k|lt:kwf{nfO{ sd u/L O{R5fOPsf

la¿jf jf nfy|fsf] j[l4nfO{ d2t ub{5 . ;fdfGotof

la¿jf cj:yfb]lv ;fgf] nfy|f cj:yf;Dd uf]8d]n

ul/G5 . j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] jgdf z'?sf jif{x?df

jif{sf] b'O{ k6s ;DDf / kl5NNff jif{x?df jif{sf]

Ps k6s uf]8d]n ug'{ kb{5 .

rfxgf ul/Psf jf O{R5fOPsf nfy|fx?sf] u'0f:t/

j[l4 ug{ /f]uL jf ljs[t nfy|fx¿ x6fpg] tyf

nx/f jf j[l4sf nflu afws emf/3fF; / j:t'x?

x6fpg] sfo{ ;kmfO{{ xf] . ;kmfO{n] k|sfz / kf]ifs

tTjx¿sf] nflu h/fsf] k|lt:kwf{ 36fP/ :j:y

afnLsf] ljsf;sf] nflu kof{Kt 7fpF k|bfg ub{5

. ;fdfGotof nfy|f cj:yfsf] jgdf ;kmfO{ sfo{

ul/G5 . ;kmfO{n] nfy|fx?sf] ;dfg j[l4df klg

d2t ub{5 .

@=!=# nVofpg] (Pruning)

sf7sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu ?vaf6 hLljt jf

;'s]sf xfFufx¿ x6fpg' nVofpg] sfo{ xf] . :j:y /

ufF7fu'F7L /lxt sf7 pTkfbg ug{sf nflu nVofpg]

sfo{ ul/G5 . nVofpg] sfo{ ¿vsf] 3gTjdf lge{/

ub{5 . afSnf] ?v jf kf]nsf] pkl:ylt ePsf]

cj:yfdf nVofpg] sfo{ ug'{ pko'Qm dflgb}g .

k|hfltsf] lx;fan] ;NNff k|hfltsf ?vx?df nVofpg]

sfo{ a9L ul/G5 eg] rf}8fkft] k|hfltdf sd}

dfqfdf ug]{ k|rng 5 . ;fdfGotof nfy|f cj:yfdf

nVofpg] sfo{ ubf{ ¿vsf] s'n prfO{{sf] Ps ltxfO

prfO{{;Dd, kf]n cj:yfdf s'n prfO{{sf] cfwf efu

;Dd / ?v cj:yfdf s'n prfO{{sf] b'O{ ltxfO{

efu;Dd nVofpg] sfo{ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 -lrq$_ .

t/ cTolws xfFuf s6fO{n] k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmof

l;ldt u/L ?vsf] j[l4df c;/ kg{ ;S5 .

kl/R5]b @ M

jg ;+j4{g (Silviculture)

$% ;] ld

j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g] vf8n

j[Iff/f]k0f

nVofpg' cl3 nVofP kl5

lrq $ M nVofpg] tl/sf

lrq # M j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ ljlw

%

@=!=$ kTNofpg] (Thinning)

Ps} :yfgdf ;dfg pd]/sf] afSnf] ?kdf af]6

la¿jfx?sf] pkl:ylt ePdf 3gTj sd u/L afFsL

/xg] ?vx?sf] j[l4 ljsf;nfO{ a9fjf lbgsf nflu

kTNofpg] sfo{ ul/G5 . ljz]ifu/L] jgdf kl/kSj

nfy|f eO;s]kl5 kTNofpg] sfo{ z'? ul/G5 . o;/L

g} kf]n cj:yf, slnnf] ?vsf] cj:yf / ?vsf] dWo

pd]/sf] cj:yfdf x'b} kl/kSj ?v gx'Gh]n ;Dd

k6s–k6s kTNofpg] sfo{ ul/G5 . jgdf kTNofpg]

sfo{ ugf{n] afFsL /xg] af]6la¿jfsf nflu k|sfzsf]

plrt Joj:yf eO{ j[l4 ljsf;nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

kTNofpg] sfo{n] d'Vo ?kdf ?vsf] Jof;sf] j[l¢nfO{

k|f]T;fxg ub{5 . j[Iff/f]k0f / k|fs[lts b'j} lsl;dsf]

jgdf kTNofpg] sfo{ ug'{kb{5 . kTNofpg] ljlw lrq

% df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

af]6la¿jf s'g pd]/sf] x'Fbf slt ;+Vofdf /fVg'

kb{5 eGGf] s'/f k|hfltsf] afnLrqm pd]/df e/ kb{5

. afnLrqm pd]/sf] lx;fan] b'O{ ltxfO{ pd]/ k'u]

kl5 pQm jgdf kTNofpg] sfo{ /f]Sg'kb{5 . d;nf

nufotsf 5f]6f] afnLrqm pd]/ ePsf k|hfltsf]

xsdf a9Ldf @ k6s ;DDf kTNofpg] sfo{ ug{'kb{5 .

;fn nufotsf nfdf] afnLrqm ePsf k|hfltsf]

xsdf % k6s jf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;f] eGbf

a9L kTNofpg] sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . ljleGg cWoog,

cg'ej tyf lj1x?sf] /fonfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf ;fn

k|hfltsf] k|fs[lts jgsf] kTNofpg] pd]/ cg';f/

sfod ug{ ;lsg] ?vsf] ;+VofnfO{ tflnsf @ df

k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

pd]/ ;d"x cfwf/ pd]/k|lt x]S6/ If]qkmndf sfod /xg] ?vla¿jf ;+Vof

!)—@) jif{ !% jif{ !^))

@)—#) jif{ @% jif{ !@))

#)—$) jif{ #% jif{ *))

$)—%) jif{ $% jif{ $))

%)—^) jif{ %% jif{ @%)

kTNofpg] sfo{ b'O{ tl/sfaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 :!= cUnf] ?v jf kf]nx? x6fpg] @=cUnf] ?v jf kf]nx? /fVg] .

tflnsf @ M ;fn jgsf] kTNofpg] pd]/ / sfod /xg]] ?vsf] ;+Vof

kTNofpg' cl3 kTNofO;s] kl5

lrq % M kTNofpg] ljlw

^

Felling Cut Notch

!=cUnf] ?v jf kf]nx? x6fpg](High Thinning or Crown Thinning)

o; sfo{ cGtu{t cUnf ?v jf kf]nx? x6fOG5

h;n] tNnf] pd]/ ;d"xsf ?vx?sf] j[l4df ;xof]u

k'¥ofpF5 . ax';+Vos la¿jfx? tNnf] pd]/ ;d"xdf

kb{5g / lgs} sd dfqfdf cUnf] ?v jf kf]n ePdf

of] ljlw cjnDjg ul/G5 .

@=cUnf] ?v jf kf]nx? /fVg](Low Thinning)

o; sfo{ cGtu{t cUnf] ?v jf kf]nx? /fvL

bdgdf k/]sf, prfO{{ xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf, ljs[t

/ /f]uL ?vx? x6fOG5 . o;af6 O{R5fOPsf] ?v

jf kf]nx?sf] j[l4nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 . k|sfz rfxg]

k|hfltx?df k|fou/L x'ls{;s]sf] la¿jfnfO{ gx6fO{g]

x'Fbf of] ljlw cjnDag ul/G5 .

@=!=% s6fg (Felling)

lglZrt ;dodf nIo cg'?k ?v sf6\g] sfo{ s6fg

xf] . s6fg ubf{ lgDg s'/fx?df Wofg lbg'kb{5 . ● j/Lk/L /x]sf afnLgfnL Pjd\ k'g?Tkfbgdf sd gf]S;fg x'g]u/L s6fg ug'{kb{5 .

● s6fg xfjf nfu]sf] ;dodf ug{'x'Fb}g . ● s6fg ubf{ ;s];Dd cf/faf6 ug{'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ sfl6g] ?vdf sd Iflt x'G5 -lrq ^_ .

● s6fg ug{'k"j{ s6fgdf ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/x?nfO{ ;'/Iffsf af/]df ;fjwfgL Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;fdfu|Lsf] k|aGw ldnfpg'kb{5 .

● s6fg ul/;s]kl5 s6fg ul/Psf uf]lnof

Pjd\ afFsL pTkfbgx?sf] ;dod} ;DalGwt 7fpFdf 9'jfgL ug{'kb{5 / hldg vfnL ug{'k5{ h;n] ubf{ ;'Svf df};ddf cfunfuL x'gaf6 hf]ufpFb5 .

● s6fg k"j{ sfl6g] ?vx?nfO{ 5kfg ug{'k5{ . 5kfg ubf{ ¿vx¿sf] ljj/0f -¿vsf] 5kfg gDa/, k|hflt, uf]nfO{, prfO{{{, ju{÷bhf{, lh=lk=P;= cjl:ylt, cflb_ v'Ng] u/L 5kfg /lhi6/ sfod ug{'kb{5 . 5kfg /lhi6/ ;DalGwt jg sfof{noaf6 cfjZos r]shfFr kZrft\ :jLs[t u/fpg' kb{5 .

● s6fgsf] ;Dk"0f{ tYofÍx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .

● s6fg kZrft sfl6Psf ?vx?sf] b'?:t clen]v /fVg uf]lnofsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f -k|hflt, 5kfg gDa/, uf]lnof gDa/, uf]nfO{, nDafO{, s'n cfotg, wf]+b ;fOh, v'b cfotg, g]6 cfotg, u|]8, cflb_ s6fg /lh:6/df /fVg'k5{ .

s6fg ug{ / uf]lnof agfpg k|of]u x'g] cf}hf/x?

wg'; cf/f (Bow Saw) wg'; cf/f ¿v sf6\g, alsË ug{ / 7"nf xfFuf sf6\gsf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .

nVofpg] cf/f (Pruning Saw) nVofpg] cf/f ¿vsf xfFuf tyf ;–;fgf af]6 sf6\gsf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .

qm;s6 cf/f (Cross Cut Saw) qm;s6 cf/f ?v sf6\g tyf uf]lnof agfpg k|of]u ul/G5 .

kfj/ r]g cf/f (Power Chain Saw) kfj/ r]g cf/f ?v sf6\g, ¿vsf xfFuf sf6\g tyf uf]lnof agfpg k|of]u ul/G5 . s6fgsf nflu of] ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L cf}hf/ xf] .

lrq ^ M s6fg ug]{ tl/sf

&

@=@ jg ;+j4{g k|0ffnL (Silvicultural System)

jg pkh / ;]jfx?sf] lg/Gt/ k|flKtnfO{ lgodg

ug{ jg ;+j4{g k|0ffnL cg'z/0f ul/G5 . jg ;+j4{g

k|0ffnLn] O{R5fOPsf] k|hflt, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj

j[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . jgsf] lsl;d, k|hflt

afx'Notf, jgsf] cj:yf, O{R5fOPsf] k|hflt, ;fO6sf]

u'0f:t/, jgafnL k'g?Tkfbgsf] ;DefJotf, s6fg

tLa|tf, ef}uflns cj:yf, e"–Ifosf] ;+j]bglzntf,

h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, hgzlQm

tyf ;|f]t;fwgsf] pknAwtfsf ;fy} jftfj/0fLo,

;fdflhs / cfly{s kIfx?sf] cfwf/df jg ;+j¢{g

k|0ffnLsf] 5gf]6 ul/G5 . xfn k|rlnt d'Vo jg

;+j4{g k|0ffnLx?df 5gf]6 k|0ffnL, 5q k|0ffnL,

;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnL / d'gf k|0ffnL /x]sf 5g\ .

@=@=! 5gf]6 k|0ffnL (Selection System)

5gf]6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t s6fg >[[+vnfnfO{ s6fg

rqmsf] cfwf/df jflif{s sfo{ If]q jf jg v08df

ljefhg ul/G5 . x/]s sfo{ If]q -jg v08_ jf s'n

jgIf]qdf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf ?vx? /xG5g . 5gf]6

k|0ffnLdf df}Hbft ?vx?sf] Jof; ju{ cg';f/sf]

cg'kftdf slt ;dosf] cGt/fndf k'gM ;f]xL

:yfgdf s6fg of]Uo ?v pknJw x'g ;S5g\ egL

k|If]k0f u/] cg';f/ s6fg rqm cyf{t k'gM s6fg

ug]{;do lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . s6fg rqm hlt cjlwsf]

sfod x'G5 s'n jgIf]qnfO{ Tolt g} sfo{If]q jf

jg v08df ljefhg ul/G5 . o;/L x/]s Pp6f jg

v08df Ps jif{ tf]lsPsf] Jof; -s6fg Jof;_ /

;f] eGbf 7"nf] ;fO{hsf] ?v s6fg ul/G5 . 5gf]6

k|0ffnLdf ul/g] s6fg lrq & df k|:t't ul/Psf]

5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu afnLrqm *) jif{ / s6fg

rqm !) jif{ sfod ul/Psf] jgdf 5gf]6 k|0ffnL

cGtu{t jgnfO{ sfo{If]qdf ljefhg u/L ul/g]

s6fgsf] ljj/0f tflnsf # df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

afnLrqm s6fg rqms6fg sfo{If]q -jg v08_

s6fg ul/g] jif{

*) jif{ !) jif{

sfo{If]q ! klxnf], P3f/f}+, PSsfO;f}+, Pslt;f}+, Psrfln;f}+, PsfpGgf}+, Ps;l7of}+, PsxQ/f}+

sfo{If]q @ bf];|f], Affx|f}+, afO;f}+, alQ;f}+, aofln;f}+, afpGgf}+, a};l7of}+, axQ/f}+

sfo{If]q # t];|f], t]x|f}+, t]O;f}+, t]lQ;f}+, lqrfln;f}+, lqkGgf}+, lq;l7of}+, lqxQ/f}+

sfo{If]q $ rf}yf], rf}wf}+, rf}la;f}+, rf}+lt;f}+, rf}jfln;f}+, rf}jGgf}+, rf};l7of}+, rf}xQ/f}+

sfo{If]q % kfFrf+}, kGw|f}+, klRr;f}+, k}lt;f}+, k}tfln;f}+, krkGgf}, k};l7of}+, krxQ/f}+

sfo{If]q ^ 5}7f}+, ;f]x|f}+, 5lAa;f}+, 5lQ;f}+, 5ofln;f}+, 5kGgf}+, 5};l7of}+, 5oQ/f}+

sfo{If]q & ;ftf}+, ;qf}+, ;QfO;f}+, ;}+lt;f}+, ;Trfln;f}+, ;GtfpGgf}+, ;t\;l7of}+, ;txQ/f}+

sfo{If]q * cf7f}+, c7f/f}+, cÝfO;f}+, c7lt;f}+, c7rfln;f}, c07fpGgf}+, c7;l7of}+, c7xQ/f}+

sfo{If]q ( gjf}+, pGgfO;f}+, plGt;f}+, pgfGrfln;f}+, pgfGrf;f}+, pgfG;lÝof}+, pgfG;Ql/of}+, pgfGcl;of}+

sfo{If]q !) bzf}+, aL;f}+, tL;f}+, rfln;f}+, krf;f}+, ;fl7of}+, ;Ql/of}+, cl;of}+

tflnsf # M 5gf]6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] s6fgsf] ljj/0f

*

5gf]6 k|0ffnL lgDg cj:yfdf pko'Qm x'G5 : ● ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf ?vla¿jfsf] plrt cg'kft ePsf] ldl>t jg .

● e"–;+j]bglzn, kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qsf] jg . ● !( l8u|LeGbf al9 le/fnf]kgf ePsf] jg . ● h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/l:yltsLo dxTjsf] jg .

5gf]6 k|0ffnLdf pTkfbg lgodg

5gf]6 k|0ffnLdf pTkfbg lgodg ubf{ pTkfbgsf]

nflu kl/kSj cj:yfdf k'u]sf -s6fg Jof; eGbf

dflysf_ ?vx? s6fg ul/G5 . s6fg Jof; lgwf{/0f

ubf{ afnLrqm pd]/ / cf};t jflif{s j[l4nfO{ cfwf/

dflgG5 . o;sf ;fy} ;'s]sf, ;'Sg nfu]sf, /f]usL/f

nfu]sf jf ljs[t cfsf/sf ?vx? / cGo ?vnfO{

afwf k'¥ofPsf ?vx? ;d]t s6fg ul/G5 .

s6fg k"j{

s6fg kZrft

lrq & M 5gf]6 k|0ffnLdf ul/g] s6fg

(

s6fg k"j{

s6fg kZrft

@=@=@ 5q k|0ffnL (Shelterwood System)

5q k|0ffnL cGtu{t afnLrqm pd]/ / k'g?Tkfbg

cjlwsf]] cfwf/df jgnfO{ ljleGg cfjlws v08df

ljefhg ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, afnLrqm pd]/

*) jif{ / k'g?Tkfbg cjlw !) jif{ ePdf jgnfO{

;se/ a/fa/ If]qkmn kg]{ u/L cf7j6f cfjlws

v08df ljefhg ul/G5 . ;dfg pd]/ ePsf ?vnfO{

;se/ Pp6} v08df kg]{ u/L cfjlws v08df

ljefhg ug'{ k5{ . ;a} eGbf kl/kSj pd]/ ePsf]

cfjlws v08nfO{ klxnf] cfjlws v08 tyf kmf6km'6

dfq ?v ePsf] t/ la¿jf / nfy|fsf] afx'Notf

ePsf] v08nfO{ cf7f}+ cfjlws v08 dflgG5 .

cGo cfjlws v08x?sf] gfdfs/0f dflysf] cfwf/

df /flvG5 .

k l xn f ] c fj lws v08d f /x ]s f ;j }

?vx?sf] gS;fÍg -l:6d Doflkª_ ul/;s]

kl5 O{R5fOPsf] k|hfltsf] k'g?TkfbgnfO{ k|j¢{g

ug{] p2]Zon] aLpsf nflu tyf jgafnLnfO{ k|lts'n

cj:yfaf6 hf]ufpgsf nflu lglZrt ;+Vofdf

-jgsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf / aLp pTkfbg Ifdtfsf]

cfwf/df_ dfp ?vx? /flvG5 / aFfsL ?vx?nfO{

x6fOG5 . o;nfO{ k'g?Tkfbg s6fg elgG5 .

5q k|0ffnLdf ul/g] k'g?Tkfbg s6fg lrq * df

k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ubf{

cfjlws v08nfO{ jflif{s pkv08df ljefhg

u/L k|To]s aif{ Pp6f pkv08df s6fg ul/G5 .

pbfx/0fsf nflu k'g?Tkfbg cjlw !) jif{ ePdf

cfjlws v08nfO{ !) a6f jflif{s pkv08df

ljefhg ul/G5 . v08 pkv08 ljefhg ubf{

cfjZostf cg';f/ clUg /]vf lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

O{R5fOPsf] k|hfltsf] :j:y, pRr u'0f:t/sf] aLp

pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf] / 5q k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]

?vnfO{ dfp ?vsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/G5 .

O{R5fOPsf] k|hfltsf] ;fy} h}ljs ljljwtfsf

b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f { ?v klg cfjZostf

cg';f/ ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 . k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ubf{

O{R5fOPsf] k|hfltsf] /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] nfy|f /

kf]nx?nfO{ ;d]t s6fg gu/L eljiosf] afnLsf]

?kdf /flvG5 .

s6fg ul/;s]kl5 k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg jf aLp

jf j[Iff/f]k0f dfkm{t jgafnL x'sf{OG5 . afnLrqm

pd]/ *) jif{ / k'g?Tkfbg cjlw !) jif{ ePdf 5q

k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] k'g?Tkfbg s6fgsf] ljj/0f

tflnsf $ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

lrq * M 5q k|0ffnLdf ul/g] k'g?Tkfbg s6fg

!)

!

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg

!

jgafnLsf] pd]/

cfjlws v08 pkv08

k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ul/g] jif{

&!–*)cfjlws v08 !

pkv08 !.! klxnf]pkv08 !.@ bf];|f]pkv08 !.# t];|f]pkv08 !.$ rf}yf]pkv08 !.% kfFrf+}pkv08 !.^ 5}7f}+pkv08 !.& ;ftf}+pkv08 !.* cf7f}+pkv08 !.( gjf}+pkv08 !.!) bzf}+

^!–&)cfjlws v08 @

pkv08 @.! P3f/f}+

pkv08 @.@ Affx|f}+

pkv08 @.# t]x|f}+

pkv08 @.$ rf}wf}+

pkv08 @.% kGw|f}+

pkv08 @.^ ;f]x|f}+

pkv08 @.& ;qf}+

pkv08 @.* c7f/f}+

pkv08 @.( pGgfO;f}+

pkv08 @.!) aL;f}+

%!–^)cfjlws v08 #

pkv08 #.! PSsfO;f}+

pkv08 #.@ afO;f}+

pkv08 #.# t]O;f}+

pkv08 #.$ rf}la;f}+

pkv08 #.% klRr;f}+

pkv08 #.^ 5lAa;f}+

pkv08 #.& ;QfO;f}+

pkv08 #.* cÝfO;f}+

pkv08 #.( plGt;f}+

pkv08 #.!) tL;f}+

$!–%)cfjlws v08 $

pkv08 $.! Pslt;f}+

pkv08 $.@ alQ;f}+

pkv08 $.# t]lQ;f}+

pkv08 $.$ rf}+lt;f}+

pkv08 $.% k}lt;f}+

pkv08 $. ^ 5lQ;f}+

pkv08 $.& ;}+lt;f}+

pkv08 $.* c7lt;f}+

pkv08 $. ( pgfGrfln;f}+

pkv08 $.!) rfln;f}+

tflnsf $ M 5q k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] k'g?Tkfbg s6fgsf] ljj/0f

jgafnLsf] pd]/

cfjlws v08 pkv08

k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ul/g] jif{

#!–$)cfjlws v08 %

pkv08 %.! Psrfln;f}+pkv08 %.@ aofln;f}+pkv08 %.# lqrfln;f}+pkv08 %.$ Rff}jfln;f}+pkv08 %.% k}tfln;f}+pkv08 %.^ 5ofln;f}+pkv08 %.& ;t\rfln;f}+pkv08 %.* c7rfln;f}pkv08 %.( pgfGrf;f}+pkv08 %.!) krf;f}+

@!–#)cfjlws v08 ^

pkv08 ^.! PsfpGgf}+

pkv08 ^.@ afpGgf}+

pkv08 ^.# lqkGgf}+

pkv08 ^.$ rf}jGgf}+

pkv08 ^.% krkGgf}+

pkv08 ^.^ 5kGgf}+

pkv08 ^.& ;GtfpGgf}+

pkv08 ^.* c07fpGgf}+

pkv08 ^.( pgfG;flÝof}+

pkv08 ^.!) ;fl7of}+

!!–@)cfjlws v08 &

pkv08 &.! Ps;l7of}+

pkv08 &.@ a};l7of}+

pkv08 &.# lq;l7of}+

pkv08 &.$ rf};l7of}+

pkv08 &.% k};l7of}+

pkv08 &.^ 5};l7of}+

pkv08 &.& ;t\;l7of}+

pkv08 &.* c7;l7of}+

pkv08 &.( pgfG;Ql/of}+

pkv08 &.!) ;Ql/of}+

!–!)cfjlwsv08 *

pkv08 *.! PsxQ/f}+

pkv08 *.@ axQ/f}+

pkv08 *.# lqxQ/f}+

pkv08 *.$ rf}xQ/f}+

pkv08 *.% krxQ/f}+

pkv08 *.^ 5xQ/f}+

pkv08 *.& ;txQ/f}+

pkv08 *.* c7xQ/f}+

pkv08 *.( pgfGcl;of}+

pkv08 *.!) cl;of}+

!#

5q k|0ffnLdf jgafnL ;'wf/sf nflu k'g?Tkfbg

s6fgsf cltl/Qm k'g?Tkfbg tof/L s6fg, ;'wf/

s6fg / kTNofpg] sfo{x? ul/G5 . csf]{ r/0fdf

k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ul/g] cfjlws v08df s]xL

xb ;DDf 5q v'Nnf u/L la¿jf pTkfbgsf] nflu

cg's'n jftfj/0f agfO/fVgsf nflu k'g?Tkfbg

tof/L s6fg ul/G5 . ?vx?sf] j[l¢nfO{ a9fjf

lbO{ jgafnLsf] u'0f:t/ a9fpgsf nflu cGo

cfjlws Ansx?df ;'wf/ s6fg tyf kTNofpg]

sfo{ ul/G5 . o;/L x/]s sfo{of]hgfsf] cjlw

-!) jif{_ e/df k'/} jg If]qdf s'g} g s'g} jg

;+j4{g sfo{ ;~rfng u/L jgnfO{ j[l¢ pGd'v

agfpg k|of; ul/G5 . afnLrqm pd]/ *) jif{ /

k'g?Tkfbg cjlw !) jif{ ePdf 5q k|0ffnL cGtu{t

sfo{of]hgf cjlw -!) jif{_ df ul/g] jg ;+j4{g

sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf % df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

cfjlws v08 ul/g] jg ;+j4{g sfo{

cfjlws v08 ! k'g?Tkfbg s6fg

cfjlws v08 @ k'g?Tkfbg tof/L s6fg

cfjlws v08 # ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

cfjlws v08 $ ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

cfjlws v08 % ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

cfjlws v08 ^ ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

cfjlws v08 & ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

cfjlws v08 * ;'wf/ s6fg÷kTNofpg]

tflnsf % M 5q k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] jg ;+j4{g sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f

5q k|0ffnLdf pTkfbg lgodg

5q k|0ffnLdf pTkfbg lgodg b'O{ lsl;daf6 ug{ ;lsG5 M cfotgdf cfwfl/t ljlw / If]qkmndf cfwfl/t ljlw : ● cfoftgdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg lgodg ubf{ k'g?Tkfbg s6fg ug{] ;Dk"0f{ ?vx?sf] ;+VofnfO{ k'g?Tkfbg cjlwn] efu u/L jflif{s s6fg ug{] ?vsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . klxnf] jif{ s6fg ubf{ ;a}eGbf kl/kSj ?vx? ePsf] :yfgaf6 ;'? u/L qmdzM cufl8 a9g'kb{5 .

● If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df pTkfbg lgodg ubf{ ;dfg If]qkmn x'g]u/L jflif{s pkv08 lgwf{/0f kZrft x/]s jif{ pQm jif{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] pkv08df dfq s6fg ul/G5 .

5q k|0ffnL lgDg cj:yfdf pko'Qm x'G5 : ● t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zsf] ;fn jg, ldl>t rf}8fkft] jg .

● kxf8L If]qsf] vf]6];Nnfsf] jg . ● sd le/fnf]kgf ePsf] jg . ● k'g?Tkfbgsf] nflu pRr u'0f:t/o'Qm aLp pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] jg .

● nfy|f / kf]n kof{Kt gePsf]] jgdf Psgf;] 5q k|0ffnL .

● nfy|f / kf]n kof{Kt ePsf] jgdf leGgtfo'St 5q k|0ffnL .

!$

@=@=# ;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnL (Clear Felling System)

;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnL cGtu{t s6fg >[+vnfnfO{

afnLrqm pd]/sf] cfwf/df jflif{s s6fg If]qdf

ljefhg ul/G5 . lgwf{l/t s6fg If]qdf /x]sf

;Dk"0f{ ?vx? x6fOG5 . k|To]s jif{ Ps–Ps j6f

s6fg If]qaf6 ?vx? x6fOG5 . ;/k6 s6fg ubf{

s6fg If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ ?vx? jf l:6«k ljefhg

u/L l:6«k leqsf ?vx? s6fg ul/G5 . ;/k6

s6fg k|0ffnL cGt/ut ul/g] l:6«k ;/k6 s6fg

lrq ( df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . s6fg ul/;s]

kl5 j[Iff/f]k0f jf k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg dfkm{t

jgafnL x'sf{OG5 . k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg dfkm{t

jgafnL x'sf{pg] cj:yfdf s]xL ;+Vofdf ?vx?

/flvG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu jfnLrqm pd]/ !)

jif{ / s6fg cjlw !) jif{ ePdf ;/k6 s6fg

k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] s6fgsf] ljj/0f tflnsf

^ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnL lgDg cj:yfdf pko'St x'G5 : ● k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg ;Defjgf gePsf] jg . ● x}l;ot lalu|Psf] jg . ● jftfj/0fLo hf]lvd sd ePsf] jg . ● nfy|f / kf]n sd dfqfdf ePsf] jg . ● ;fO6sf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] ePsf] ;dtn e"–efudf km}lnPsf] jg .

s6fg k'j{

s6fg kZrft

lrq ( M ;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnLdf ul/g] l:6«k ;/k6 s6fg

!%

afnLrqm s6fg cjlw s6fg If]q s6fg ul/g] jif{

!) jif{ !) jif{

jflif{s s6fg If]q ! klxnf]

jflif{s s6fg If]q @ bf];|f]

jflif{s s6fg If]q # t];|f]

jflif{s s6fg If]q $ rf}yf]

jflif{s s6fg If]q % kfFrf}

jflif{s s6fg If]q ^ 5}7f}+

jflif{s s6fg If]q & ;ftf}+

jflif{s s6fg If]q * cf7f}+

jflif{s s6fg If]q ( gjf}+

jflif{s s6fg If]q !) bzf}+

tflnsf ^ M ;/k6 s6fg k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] s6fgsf] ljj/0f

@=@=$ d'gf k|0ffnL (Coppice System)

d'gf k|0ffnL cGtu{t afnLrqm pd]/sf cfwf/df jgnfO{

jflif{s s6fg If]qdf ljefhg ul/G5 . lgwf{l/t s6fg

If]qdf /x]sf ?vx? x6fOG5 . s6fg ul/;s]kl5

cfPsf d'gfx?af6 jgafnL x'sf{OG5 . l/he{ slk;

pk–k|0ffnLdf d'gfaf6 cfPsf ?vx? cfjZostf

cg';f/ /flvG5 . d'gf k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g]

d'gf Joj:yfkg lrq !) df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

:6\ofG88{ slk; pk k|0ffnLdf aLpaf6 pTkflbt

la¿jf tyf ?vx?nfO{ ;d]t cfjZostf cg';f/

/flvG5 .

d'gf k|0ffnL lgDg cj:yfdf pko'St x'G5 : ● /fd|f] d'gf cfpg] k|hfltsf] jg . ● ;dtn hldgdf ePsf] jg . ● kf]n pTkfbgsf] nflu pko'Qm jg .

d'gf Joj:yfkg k'j{

d'gf Joj:yfkg kZrft

lrq !) M d'gf k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g] d'gf Joj:yfkg

!^

tflnsf & M s]xL k|hfltx?sf] afnLrqm pd]/@=# afnLrqm pd]/ (Rotation Age)

afnLrqm pd]/n] k'g?Tkfbg / clGtd s6fg larsf]

;dofjlwnfO{ hgfpF5 . afnLrqm pd]/ k|hflt, jg

Joj:yfkgsf] p2]Zo / ;fO6sf] u'0f:t/df lge{/

u5{ . ;fdfGotof afnLrqm pd]/ jgafnLaf6

cToflws pTkfbg k|fKt ug{] pd]/ xf] . ljleGg

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf s]xL ?v

k|hfltx?sf] afnLrqm pd]/ tflnsf & df k|:t't

ul/Psf] 5 .

qm=;+ k|hflt afnLrqm pd]/ -jif{_

! ;fn *)–!))

@ l;;f}F #)–$)

# vo/ @%–#%

$ d;nf !)–!%

% l6s $%–%%

^ vf]+6] ;Nnf %%–^%

& Kofr'nf ;Nnf #)–$)

g]kfnsf] jg If]qaf/] s]xL hfgsf/L -jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefu ;g\ @)!% cg';f/_

jg If]q / ljt/0f ● g]kfndf jg If]qn] ^^ nfv !) xhf/ x]S6/ e"–efu cf]u6]sf] 5, h'g g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] $$=&$Ü x'g cfpF5 . h;dWo] %( nfv ^@ xhf/ x]S6/ jg / ^ nfv $* xhf/ x]S6/ cGo sfi7 tyf a'6\ofg If]q (Other Wooded Land) kb{5 .

● s'n jg If]qkmndWo] ;+/lIft If]qeGbf aflx/sf] efudf $( nfv @( xhf/ x]S6/ -*@=^*Ü_ / ;+/lIft If]qdf !) nfv ## xhf/ x]S6/ -!&=#@ Ü_ jg /x]sf] 5 . ;+/lIft If]qsf] leqL efu -Core Area_ df & nfv (# xhf/ x]S6/ / dWojtL{ If]q -Buffer Zone_ df @ nfv $) xhf/ x]S6/ jg /x]sf] 5 .

?vsf] ;+Vof / j[l¢ df}Hbft ● g]kfnsf] jg If]qdf !) ;]=ld= eGbf al9 Jof; ePsf ?vsf] ;+Vof @ ca{ %^ s/f]8 ## nfv -$@(=(# k|lt x]S6/_ /x]sf] 5 .

● !) ;]=ld= eGbf al9 Jof; ePsf ?vsf] s'n sf08 cfotg (* s/f]8 @# nfv #@ xhf/ 3g ld6/ -!^$=&^ 3g ld6/ k|lt x]S6/_ /x]sf] 5 .

h}ljs lk08 / sfj{g ;+lrlt ● g]kfnsf] jg If]qdf ?vsf] s'n h}ljs lk08 -air-dried biomass_ ! ca{ !% s/f]8 (& nfv 6g -!($=%! 6g k|lt x]S6/_ /x]sf] 5 .

● g]kfnsf] jg If]qdf s'n sfj{g ;+lrlt ! ca{ % s/f]8 %) nfv 6g -!&^=(% 6g k|lt x]S6/_ /x]sf] 5 h;dWo] ^!=%#Ü efu ?vdf -lhljt, ;'v8 v8f, 9nfk8f / ;tx d'lgsf] efu ;d]t_, #&=*)Ü df6f]df / )=^&Ü kftklt+u/ -litter and debris_ df /x]sf] 5 .

!&

#=! sfo{of]hgfsf] ljifoj:t' tyf k|lqmof (Content and Process of Operational Plan)

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu jg sfo{of]hgf

Ps dfu{bz{s tyf j}wflgs b:tfj]h xf] .

jgsf] Joj:yfkg ubf{ lglZrt cjlwsf nflu

-;fdfGotof !) aif{_ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L

;f]xLcg'?k sfof{Gjog ul/G5 . jg Joj:yfkgsf

nflu tof/ ul/g] sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g] d'Vo

ljifoj:t' tflnsf * df / k|lqmof lrq !! df

k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b # M

jg sfo{of]hgf (Forest Operational Plan)

ljifoj:t' cfwf/÷ljj/0f

;fdflhs cfly{s kIf

pkef]Qmf tyf ;d"x klxrfg ◦ k/Dk/fut ef]urng ◦ kfos kg{] 3/w'/L ◦ jgdf cfl>t 3/w'/L

;fdflhs cfly{s tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f

◦ 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f -3/w'/L, lzIff, k]zf, hfthflt, kz'wgsf] tYofÍ_ ◦ ;d"x Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn ◦ jg k}bfj/sf] dfusf] ;+sng / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf ◦ jg pBd tyf ahf/sf] cj:yf ◦ cflbjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf ju{ / ljkGg 3/w'/Lsf] klxrfg

ljQLo ljZn]if0f

◦ k|ToIf k|fKt x'g] nfex? ◦ ck|ToIf k|fKt x'g] nfex? ◦ k|ToIf nfut ◦ Nffe–nfut cg'kft

k|fljlws kIf

jgsf] klxrfg ◦ l8lehg jg sfof{nosf] kGrjifL{o jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf ◦ jg ;d"xsf] rfxgf / Ifdtf ◦ ef}uf]lns cj:yf / kxF'r

jg l;dfgf /]vfÍg ◦ l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ◦ l;dfgf ;j{]If0f ◦ ;xeflutfd"ns ;|f]t gS;f

jgsf] cj:yf olsg ◦ k/Dk/fut ef]urng ◦ kfos kg{] 3/w'/L ◦ jgdf cfl>t 3/w'/L

tflnsf * M sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g] d'Vo ljifoj:t'

!*

ljifoj:t' cfwf/÷ljj/0f

k|fljlws kIf

jg ;|f]t ;j{]If0f Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ◦ gd'gf Kn6 lgdf{0f ◦ ;|f]t dfkg -Jof;, prfO{{{, k'g?Tkfbg_ ◦ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfsf] cf+sng ◦ pTkfbgzLn / hf]lvd If]qsf] klxrfg -89]nf], af9L, klx/f], e"–Ifo_ ◦ Dff}Hbft ljZn]if0f -;+Vof, cfotg_ ◦ jfof]df;, sfj{g ;+lrlt

jg Joj:yfkgsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo lgwf{/0f

◦ jgsf] cj:yf ◦ jgsf] pTkfbsTj Ifdtf ◦ cfly{s ;fdflhs ljZn]if0f

jg ;+j¢{g k|0ffnLsf] 5gf]6 ◦ jgsf] lsl;d, cj:yf tyf O{R5fOPsf] k|hflt ◦ afnLrqm pd]/ ◦ ;fO6sf] u'0f:t/, ef}uf]lns cj:yf tyf e"–Ifosf] ;+j]bglzntf ◦ h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL ◦ hgzlQm tyf ;|f]t;fwgsf] pknJwtf ◦ cGo jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs / cfly{s kIfx?

v08 / pkv08 ljefhg ◦ jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu nfu" ul/g] jg ;+j¢{g k|0ffnL

Jfgsf] gS;f tof/ ◦ jgsf] l;dfgf ◦ v08 tyf pkv08sf] ljj/0f -l;dfgf, If]qkmn, jflif{s s6fg If]q_

Jfg Joj:yfkg sfo{tflnsf ◦ jg ;+j¢{g sfo{ -/f]k0f, uf]8d]n, ;kmfO{, 56fg, kTNofpg], s6fg, cflb_ ◦ Jfg ;+/If0fsf sfo{ -89]nf] lgoGq0f, rl/r/0f Joj:yfkg, rf]/Llgsf;L tyf cltqmd0f lgoGq0f, h}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/:yltsLo k|0ffNfL ;+/If0f, l;d;f/ ;+/If0f, /f]usL/f lgoGq0f, e"–;+/If0f, hnjfo' k|efj cg's'ng, cflb_

◦ u}/sfi7 jgk}bfjf/sf] Joj:yfkg ◦ jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng tyf ;b'kof]u -;Íng, 9'jfgL, 3f6u4L, ljt/0f, laqmL, cflb_

sf]if Joj:yfkg ◦ jflif{s cfDbfgL÷vr{sf] ljj/0f ◦ nfesf] ljt/0f -ljkGg, cflbjf;L hghflt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf ju{, cflb_

;fdflhs tyf ;+:yfut ljsf; ◦ jg pkef]Qmfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ◦ ;:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4 ◦ ;fd'bflos ljsf;

cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg ◦ Jfflif{s lqmofsnfk ◦ sfg'gL tyf cfly{s ;'zf;g

tflnsf * M sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g] d'Vo ljifoj:t'

!(

pkef]Qmf ;d"x klxrfg u/L ;d"xdf 5nkmn / lg0f{o

jgsf] klxrfg / l;dfgf /]vfÍg u/L

gS;f tof/

jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg sfo{sf]

lgSof}{n

sfo{of]hgfsf] clGtd d:of}bf ;d"xsf] cfd e]nfaf6 cg'df]bg

cg'udg tyf d'Nofs+g

pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ sfo{of]hgfsf] k|fljlws tyf ;fdflhs–cfly{s kIfsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L

jg ;|f]t ;j{]If0f tyf tYofÍ ljZn]if0f

jg sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/

sfo{of]hgf :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DjlGwt jg sfof{nodf k]z

;fdflhs tyf cfly{s tYofÍ ;Íng tyf

ljZn]if0f

v08 pkv08 ljefhg

jg sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn

;DjlGwt jg sfo {fnoaf6

sfo{of]hgf :jLs[t

;fdflhs ;|f]t gS;f tof/

jg ;+j¢{g sfo{sf nflu v08 pkv08

klxrfg

;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 k|fKt ;Nnfx ;'emfj ;d]6L sfo{of]hgfsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/

:jLs[t sfo{of]hgsf] sfof{Gjog

lrq !! M jg sfo{of]hgf tof/L k|lqmof

k|b]z hDdf If]qkmn -x]S6/_

jgn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn -x]S6/_

jgn] cf]u6]sf] k|ltzt -k|b]zsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df_

jgn] cf]u6]sf] k|ltzt -g]kfnsf] s'n jg If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df_

k|b]z ! @%,(),%)) !!,#$,@%) $#=*Ü !&=@ Ü

k|b]z @ (,^^,!)) @,^#,^#) @&=# Ü $=) Ü

afudtL k|b]z @),#),))) !),(),**) %#=& Ü !^=% Ü

u08sL k|b]z @!,%),$)) *,!&,@() #*=) Ü !@=$ Ü

k|b]z % @@,@*,*)) (,&$,#*) $#=& Ü !$=& Ü

s0ff{nL k|b]z @&,(*,$)) !!,*#,$)) $@=# Ü !&=( Ü

;'b"/klZrd k|b]z !(,%#,()) !!,$^,!!) %*=& Ü !&=# Ü

g]kfndf k|b]z cg';f/ jg If]qsf] ljt/0f -jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;g\ @)!& cg';f/_

@)

#=@ jg;|f]t dfkg (Forest Resource Measurement)

#=@=! gd'gf Kn6 lgwf{/0f (Sampling)

jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu gd'gf Kn6 dfkm{t jg ;|f]tsf]

;j{]If0f u/L ;du| jgsf] cj:yf olsg ug{ ;lsG5 .

gd'gf ;j]{If0f ubf{ s'n jgIf]q tyf ;a} v08 tyf

pkv08x?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L gd'gf Kn6x¿

:yfkgf ul/G5 . gd'gf Kn6x?sf] l8hfOg ubf{ jgnfO{

ljleGg tx / :t/df -;dfg jg cj:yf / k|sf/_

ljeflht ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof s'n If]qkmnsf] )=%

k|ltzt gd'gfsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . oBlk gd'gf jg

Joj:yfkgsf] p2]Zo / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] txdf lge{/

ub{5 . lrq !@ df k|:t't ul/P h:t} gd'gf Kn6

uf]nfsf/ jf cfotsf/÷juf{sf/ agfpg ;lsG5 .

uf]nfsf/ Kn6x¿sf] k|of]u clws ?kdf ul/G5 . ;fgf]

Kn6nfO{ 7"nf] Kn6leq kg]{ u/L lnOG5 . ;fd'bflos

jg ;|f]t ;j]{If0f dfu{bz{g -@)^!_ sf cg';f/

uf]nfsf/, juf{sf/ / cfotfsf/ Kn6sf] lgwf{/0f

tflnsf ( df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

lrq !@ M uf]nfsf/ tyf juf{sf/÷cfotfsf/ Kn6sf] :j?k

la¿jf

nfy|f

kf]n

?v

kf]n

?v

nfy|f

la¿jf

ju{ Gfd'gf Kn6sf]

If]qkmn -ju{

ld6/_

Uf]fnfsf/ Kn6sf]

nflu rflxg]

cw{Jof; -ld6/_

cfotfsf/ Kn6sf]

nflu rflxg]

nDafO{ / rf}8fO{

-ld6/_

Jfuf{sf/ Kn6sf]

nflu rflxg]

nDafO{ -ld6/_

?v %)) !@=^! @%×@) @@=#^×@@=#^

$)) !!=@* @)×@)

#)) (=&& @)×!% !&=#@×!&=#@

@)) &=(& @)×!) !$=!$×!$=!$

kf]n !)) %=^$ !)×!)

nfy|f @% @=*@ %×%

la¿jf !) !=&* %×@ #=!^×#=!^

tflnsf ( M uf]nfsf/, juf{sf/ / cfotfsf/ Kn6sf] lgwf{/0f

@!

!=# ld

!=# ld

!=# ld !=# ld

!=# ld !=# ld

!=# ld !=# ld

Jof; dfkgJof; dfkg

Jof; dfkg

Jof; dfkg Jof; dfkg

Jof; dfkgJof; dfkg

Jof; dfkg

lrq !# M Jof; dfkg

#=@=@ dfkg (Measurement)

Jof;

?vsf] Jof; eGgfn] 5ftLsf] prfO{sf] af]qmf

;lxtsf] Jof;nfO{ hgfpF5 . ?vsf] Jof; 5ftLsf]

prfO{ { {df dfkg ug] { x'gfn] o;nfO{ l8laPr

(Diameter at Breast Height) klg elgG5 . t/ 5ftLsf]

prfO{{{ JolQm cg';f/ km/s kg]{ x'gfn] ?vsf] Jof;nfO{

hldgsf] ;txaf6 !=# ld6/ prfO{{{df gflkG5 . Jof;

dfkg ubf{ Diameter Tape jf Vernier Caliper k|of]u

ul/G5 . Vernier Caliper sf] k|of]u ubf{ b'j} tkm{sf]

Jof; dfkg u/L cf};t lnOG5 . ;fdfGo 6]ksf]

;xfotfn] uf]nfO{ dfkg u/L Jof; lgwf{/0f ug{

;d]t ;lsG5 . Jof; dfkg ljlw lrq !# df k|:t't

ul/Psf] 5 .

@@

prfO{{{

?vsf] prfO{{{ eg]sf] hldg ;txb]lv ?vsf] 6'Kkf]

;Ddsf] l;wf /]vfsf] nDafO xf] . prfO{{{nfO{ d'Vo

¿kdf s'n cfotg, Jofkf/ of]Uo cfotg / h}ljs

lk08af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ pkof]u ul/G5 .

;fy}, prfO{{{nfO{ jg If]qsf] u'0f:t/sf] ;"rssf]

?kdf klg lng ;lsG5 . prfO{{{ dfkg ubf{ Sunto

Clinometer jf Range Finder k|of]u ul/G5 . prfO{

dfkg ljlw lrq !$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

prfO{{{

prfO{{{ prfO{{{prfO{{{

rq !$ M prfO{ dfkg

@#

?vsf] bhf{ ljj/0f

klxnf] /fd|f] / ;f]emf] sf08 ePsf] ?v h;af6 ^ lkm6 nDafO{sf tLg jf ;f]eGbf a9L

uf]lnof sf7 k|fKt x'g ;Sb5 .

bf];|f] l7s} sf08 ePsf] ?v h;af6 ^ lkm6 nDafO{sf @ j6f ;Dd uf]lnof sf7 k|fKt x'g

;Sb5 .

t];|f] AffËf]l6Ëf] sf08 ePsf] ?v, ;f]emf] sf08 ePtf klg wf]b|f] jf ufF7f–u'F7L ePsfn] uf]lnof

k|fKt ug{ g;lsg] / ;a} bfp/f dfq x'g] ?v .

tflnsf !) M uf]lnofsf] cfwf/df ?vsf] bhf{

Rf§f

bfp/fsf] Joj:yfkg / ltgLx?sf] dfkg ug{sf nflu

bfp/fnfO{ Rf§f agfP/ /flvG5 . Ps k"0f{ Rf§fsf] ;fOh

@) lkm6 nDafO{, % lkm6 prfO{{{ / % lkm6 rf}8fO{sf]

x'G5 . k|To]s r§fdf r§f gDa/ k|:6 b]lvg] u/L n]vL

jf 6\ofu nufO{ /fVg' k5{ . r§f agfpFbf k|hflt cg';f/

5'§f5'§} agfpg'k5{ . k"0f{ r§f agfpg ck'u ePdf

jf ;fgf] PsfO{ agfO{ bfp/f afF8kmfF8 ug'{kbf{ !) lkm6

nDafO{, % lkm6 prfO{{{ / % lkm6 rf}8fO{sf] cw{r§f

jf % lkm6 nDafO{, % lkm6 prfO{{ / % lkm6 rf}8fO{sf]

Ps rf}yfO{ Rf§f ;d]t lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

l8kf]÷3f6u4L

3f6u4L jf l8kf]df uf]lnof sf7x¿ k|hflt cg';f/ rfª

agfP/ /flvG5 . ;fdfGotof 7"nf / nfdf cfsf/sf

uf]lnofx¿ tn /flvG5 / ;fgf] tyf 5f]6f] cfsf/

sf uf]lnofx¿ dflykl§ /fVg'k5{ . k|To]s rfªdf

/x]sf uf]lnof sf7sf] af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f 3f6u4L

/lhi6/df /flvG5 . 3f6u4L /lh:6/df k|To]s

rfª cg';f/sf] uf]lnof sf7sf] nut ljj/0f

/fvL lzif{ :yfg jf k'5f/df k|To]s rfªsf] ;f/f+z

-k|hflt / u| ]8 cg';f/sf] uf]lnof ;+Vof /

cfotg_ /fVg' plrt x'G5 . rfªdf uf]lnofx¿sf]

s'n ;+Vof pNn]v u/L ;xh klxrfgsf nflu k|To]s

rfªdf gDa/ nufpg'' kb{5 .

l8kf]÷3f6u4L df 9'jfgL ul/Psf] bfp/f r§f agfP/

/fVg'k5{ . l8kf]÷3f6u4Ldf /x]sf] k|To]s r§f;Dd

;jf/L ;fwg hfg ;Sg] u/L ldnfP/ /fVg'

kb{5, h;n] ubf{ h'g;'s} r§fsf] sf7 bfp/f

laqmL kZrft\ ;xh ?kdf 9'jfgL u/L n}hfg ;lsG5 .

w]/} sf7 bfp/f x'g] 3f6u4Ldf 3f6u4L If]qsf] gS;f

agfO{ s'g–s'g r§f stf /x]sf] 5, ;f] ;d]t v'Ng] u/L

gS;f jf ;"rgf ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf 6fF; ug'{ pko'Qm

x'G5 h;n] ;xh ?kdf rfx]sf] r§fsf] sf7 bfp/f

lgl/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . 3f6u4L If]q ;se/ jg If]q

eGbf aflx/ agfpg'k5{ ;fy} cfunfuL, rf]/L cflbaf6

arfpg ;'/Iffsf] e/kbf]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . jg

k}bfjf/ s6fg If]qaf6 3f6u4Ldf tyf 3f6u4Laf6

cGoq 9'jfgL jf cf];f/kf];f/ ubf{ ;DjlGwt jg

sfof{noaf6 rnfgL k'hL{ lng'kb{5 .

#=@=# tYofÍ Joj:yfkg (Data Management)

jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t tyf k|efjsf/L jgfpg dfkg

tyf ;+sng ul/Psf tYofÍx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .

ljz]ifu/L tYofÍ Joj:yfkg ubf{ jgsf] jflif{s pTkfbg,

jflif{s s6fg, /fhZj ;Íng, sf7 ljt/0f tyf laqmL,

/f]huf/L l;h{gf, k'g?Tkfbgsf] dfqf, ;do tflnsf,

;d"x jf ;ldltsf] a}7s k'l:tsfsf] Joj:yfkg nufot

kIfx?df Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

uf]lnof

?v s6fg ul/;s]kl5 ?vsf] sf08sf] lglZrt

nDafO{ ePsf]] efu uf]lnof xf] . uf]lnof cg';f/

?vsf] u'0f:t/ 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotof

uf]lnofsf] nDafO ̂ lkm6 /flvG5 t/ nIo cg';f/

uf]lnofsf] ;fOh lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ljz]ifu/L sf7sf]

uf]lnofsf] cfwf/df ?vnfO{ klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] u/L

tLg bhf{df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 -tflnsf !)_ .

@$

jg Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQm

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . :yfgLo ;|f]t

JolQmx?n] jg sfo{of]hgfsf] tof/L ug{ tyf sfo{Gjogsf nflu jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf jg k|fljlwsnfO{

lgDg s'/fdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\ : ● pkef]Qmf klxrfg ug{ ● ;fdflhs cfly{s tYofÍ ;+sng ug{ ● jgsf] ;xeflutfd'ns ;|f]t gS;f tof/ ug{ ● ;Ldf ;j]{If0f ug{ ● ?vsf] prfO{ tyf Jof; dfkg ug{ ● k|hfltx¿sf] :yfgLo gfd / pkof]uaf/] ;"rgf ;Íng ug{ ● jg leq hf]lvd If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug{ -89]nf], af9L, klx/f], e"–Ifo, cflb_ ● :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn cfof]hgf ug{ ● jg sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgdf ;xhLs/0f ug{

#=# cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg (Monitoring and Evaluation)

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu jg Joj:yfkg

sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]lvt p2]Zo cg'?ksf] sfo{x?

sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;fy} ;f] cg'?ksf p2]Zo k|flKtsf]

nflu s;/L sfo{x? eO{/x]sf] 5, eljiodf cjnDag ug'{kg{]

sfo{x?sf] n]vfhf]vf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . h;sf nflu

;d'bfo4f/f Jojl:yt jgsf] xsdf ;d"xn] :jMcg'udg

ug'{kb{5 . ;fy}, ;d"x / ;DjlGwt jg sfof{nosf k|ltlglw

;d]tsf] 6f]nL agfO{ lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug{'kb{5 .

cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;d"xsf] j}7s tyf ;fwf/0f ;efdf

k|:t't ug'{ kb{5 . ;d"xn] cfjlws ?kdf jf cfjZostf

cg';f/ ;DjlGwt jg sfof{nonfO{ ljj/0f pknJw

u/fpg' kb{5 .

jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf cg'?ksf sfo{ k|ultx?

jflif{s ?kdf d'NofÍg ul/G5 . d'NofÍg ubf{

sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]lvt nIodf ePsf pknlAw,

jg ;+j4{g lqmofsnfk, jg ljsf;sf] If]qdf

nIo cg';f/ ePsf k|ult, ;d"x ;~rfngdf

ePsf k|ult, ;+:yfut ljsf;, pkef]Qmfx?sf]

cfly{s, ;fdflhs cj:yfdf jgn] kf/]sf] k|efj,

b08;hfo tyf k'/:sf/sf] ljj/0f / k|efjsfl/tf,

jg k}bfjf/sf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL / o;sf] k|efjsfl/tf,

sf]ifsf] kl/rfng nfufotsf ljifoj:t'df Wofg

lbg'kb{5 .

@%

kl/R5]b $M

jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff (Environmental and Social Safeguard)$=! jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff (Environmental Safeguard)

$=!=! Hf}ljs ljljwtf tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL ;+/If0f (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation)

jg ;+j4{gsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf / sfof{Gjog

ug]{ qmddf h}ljs ljljwtf Pj+ kfl/l:yltsLo

k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0fdf ljif]z Wofg lbg'kb{5 . jg

Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ b'n{e tyf

;+s6fkGg k|hfltx?sf] klxrfg u/L ljz]if ;+/If0fdf

Wofg lbg''k5{ . jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg vf;u/L

3fF;]d}bfg, l;d;f/ If]q tyf kfgLsf d'xfgx?sf]

;+/If0fnfO{ jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf

sfof{Gjog ubf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . h}ljs

ljljwtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ ?vla¿jf tyf

hËnsf] KofrnfO{ s6fg gu/L k|fs[lts cj:yfd}

/fVg'k5{ .

jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng / 9'jfgL ubf{ jg If]qsf ;fy}

jl/kl/sf] h}ljs-ef}lts jftfj/0fdf ;se/ sd

k|efj x'g'kb{5 . ljif]zu/L e"–Ifosf] vt/f ePsf

If]qx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf klxrfg ug{' cfjZos 5 .

le/fnf] If]qdf s6fgnfO{ ;+odtfk"j{s ug'kb{5

;fy} $% l8u|L eGbf a9L le/fnf] ePsf] If]qdf s'g}

s6fg ul/g' x'b}g . df6f]sf] Iflt /f]Sg / hldgsf]

cl:y/tf Go"gLs/0f ug{ jiff{t\sf] ;dodf ?v

sf6\g] sfo{x¿ ul/g' x'Fb}g . ;fy} s6fgsf] ;dodf

x'g;Sg] Wjlg Pj+ jfo' k|b'if0f Go'gLs/0fsf nflu

ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

$=!=@ pTkfbg ;'/Iff (Product Safety)

jgafnL s6fg jf cGo jg ;+j4{g lqmofsnfk ubf{

s6fg ul/g] pTkfbgdf ;s];Dd sd v]/ hfg] u/L

;fjwfgL ckgfO{ sfd ug'{kb{5 . ?v s6fg ubf{

;se/ hldg ;txsf] glhsaf6 sf6\g' kb{5 .

;fy} j/k/sf ?vla¿jfdf sd Iflt x'g] u/L s6fg

ug'{kb{5 . s6fg kZrft plrt e08f/0fsf] Joj:yf

u/L pTkfbgsf] ;'/Iff ug'{kb{5 .

$=@ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff (Social Safeguard)

$=@=! sfdbf/sf] :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff(Workers' Health and Safety)

jg Joj:yfkgsf lqmofsnfkx?df ;+nUg x'g]

sfdbf/x?sf] ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg'kb{5, h;sf nflu

lgDgfg';f/ sfo{x? cfjZos /xG5 : ● s6fg sfo{ ;'? x'g' cufl8 s6fg pks/0f / JolQmut ;'/Iffsf] af/]df cfjZos tflndsf] Joj:yf .

● s6fg sfo{df cfj4 x'g] sfdbf/x?n] cfjZos ;'/IffTds ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u .

● s6fg sfo{sf a]nf cfktsfnLg k|fylds pkrf/ ls6x¿sf] Joj:yf .

● s6fg sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ glhssf 6f]nL ;b:ox¿nfO{ hfgsf/L tyf ;fjwfgL .

● s6fg sfo{sf nflu cfjZos pks/0fx?sf] ;'/lIft k|of]u tyf s6fg kZrft plrt Joj:yfkg .

● s6fgdf ;+nUg sfdbf/x?nfO{ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd kfl/>lds tyf ;'/Iff ljdfsf k|aGw .

$=@=@ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf(People's Participation)

jg ;+j¢{gsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ jgdf

cfl>t cflbjf;L hghflt tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf]

;xeflutfnfO{ hf]8 lbg'k5{ . ljz]ifu/L cflbjf;L

hghflt Pjd\ :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fusf] ;xsfo{ Pjd\

;dGjo dfkm{t ;|f]tdf kx'Fr / pkof]u clwsf/

sf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos k|aGw ldnfpg' kb{5 .

To;sf ;fy} k/Dk/fut 1fg, l;k, af}l4s ;DklQsf]

klxrfgsf ;fy} ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s

d"NodfGotfx?sf] klxrfg Pjd\ hu]gf{ ug'kb{5 .

;fy} jg Joj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] /f]huf/Ldf

;Dej eP;Dd cflbjf;L hghflt tyf :yfgLo

;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 .

@^

%=! cjwf/0ff (Concept)

jgsf] Joj:yfkg lbuf] ?kdf ePsf] 5 jf 5}g To;sf]

;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu t];|f] kIfaf6 k|df0fLt ug]{

sfo{ jg k|df0fLs/0f xf] . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgnfO{

;'lglZrt ug{ jg k|df0fLs/0f ug{] k|rng ljZjJofkL

?kdf /x]sf] 5 . jg k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu km/]i6

:6]jf8{l;k sfplG;n4f/f k|ltkflbt l;4fGt, dfkb08

/ ;"rsx? w]/}h;f] /fi6«x?n] k|of]udf NofPsf] kfOG5 .

qm=;= dfkb08?

! l;4fGt ! M sfg"gsf] kfngf (Compliance with Laws)

!=! sfg"gL ?kdf btf{ eO{ j}wflgs cfwf/ ePsf] ;+:yf .

!=@ :ki6 jg l;dfgf / k|of]u ug{] clwsf/ :ki6 pNn]lvt Joj:yfkg of]hgf .

!=# ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ .

!=$ u}/sfg'gL sfo{ lgoGq0f ug{] clwsf/ jf ;dGjo ug{] ;oGq .

!=% jg k}bfj/ 9'jfgL tyf Jofkf/ ;DalGw k|rlnt sfg'g tyf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] cg'z/0f .

!=^ :ki6 / lnlvt ;xeflutfk"0f{ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{] ;+oGq / cEof; .

!=& sf]ifsf] b'?kof]usf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg eljtJo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / :ki6 ;+oGq .

!=* pNn]lvt l;4fGt / dfkb08 kl/kfngsf] k|ltj4tf .

@ l;4fGt @ M sfdbf/x¿sf] clwsf/ / /f]huf/ cj;/ (Worker’s Rights and Employment Conditions)

@=! sfdbf/x¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf nflu plrt :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff cEof;x¿sf] sfof{Gjog .

@=@ n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] a9fjf .

@=# sfdbf/x¿sf] plrt :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff cEof;x¿sf] sfof{Gjog .

@=$ k|rlnt dfkb08 cg';f/ Go"gtd Hofnfsf] lgwf{/0f / e'QmfgL .

@=% Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ ;'/lIft / k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ >ldsx¿nfO{ sfo{ k|lzIf0f / ;'kl/j]If0f .

@=^ :yflkt ph'/L ;+oGq / b'3{6gfsf] plrt Ifltk'lt{sf] k|fjwfg .

# l;4fGt # M cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/ (Indigenous People’s Rights)

#=! cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] ;|f]tdf kx'Fr, pkof]u clwsf/sf] klxrfg .

#=@ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf] dfGotf .

#=# cflbjf;L hghflt;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo

#=$ cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/, d'NodfGotf / ;F:s[ltsf] klxrfg

#=% cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] ;+nUgtf dfkm{t ljz]if ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / cfWoflTds d"No / kfl/l:ylts dfGotfsf] klxrfg

#=^ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k/Dk/fut 1fg / af}l4s ;DklQsf] klxrfg ug{ ;dy{g .

tflnsf !! M lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o dfkb08

kl/R5]b %M

jg k|df0fLs/0f (Forest Certification)

%=@ g]kfndf jg k|df0fLs/0f (Forest Certification in Nepal)

jg k|df0fLs/0f g]kfnsf nflu gofF cEof; xf] .

g]kfndf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu

km/]i6 :6]jf8{l;k sfplG;n dfkm{t !) j6f l;4fGtx?

/ &) j6f dfkb08x? ;lxtsf] /fli6«o dfkb08

(National Standards) tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . lbuf]

jg Joj:yfkg k|df0fLs/0fsf /fli6«o dfkb08x?

tflnsf !! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

@&

$ l;4fGt $ M ;fd'bflos ;DaGw (Community Relations)

$=! :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿, jg ;|f]tx¿ / kof{j/0fLo ;]jfx¿sf] kx'Fr / k|of]usf] clwsf/ klxrfg .

$=@ jg Joj:yfkgsf] nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] sfg"gL / k/Dk/fut clwsf/sf] klxrfg / ;dy{g .

$=# :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ /f]huf/, k|lzIf0f / cGo ;]jfx¿sf] nflu plrt cj;/ k|bfg .

$=$ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg .

$=% Joj:yfkgaf6 :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] Go"lgs/0f .

$=^ :yflkt ph'/L ;+oGq / b'3{6gfsf] plrt Ifltk'lt{sf] k|fjwfg .

$=& ljz]if ;f+:s[lts, kof{j/0fLo, cfly{s, wfld{s jf cfWoflTds dxTjsf If]qx?sf] klxrfg / dfGotf .

$=* :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg / af}l4s ;DklQsf] klxrfg / ;dy{g .

% l;4fGt % M jgaf6 nfe (Benefits from Forests)

%=! jg Joj:yfkg OsfO{df cjl:yt jg ;|f]t / kof{j/0fLo ;]jfx¿sf] nfe jf pTkfbgx¿sf] pTkfbg klxrfg .

%=@ Joj:yfkg OsfO{af6 pTkfbg / ;]jfx¿ lbuf] ¿kdf k|fKt x'g]u/L pkof]u .

%=# Joj:yfkg sfo{x?sf] ;sf/fTds / gs/fTds kIfx? Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf ;dfj]z .

%=$ pknJw eP;Dd :yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg / dfGotfx?sf] k|of]u .

%=% of]hgf / vr{ cg'kft dfkg / bL3{sfnLg cfly{s Jojxfo{tfsf] nflu k|lta4tf .

^ l;4fGt ^ M jftfj/0fLo d'NodfGotf / k|efjx¿ (Environmental Values and Impacts)

^=! Joj:yfkg OsfO{df jftfj/0fLo d"NodfGotf / Joj:yfkg ultljlwx¿åf/f k|efljt x'g] afx\o kIfx?sf] klxrfg .

^=@ Jfftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx?sf] klxrfg .

^=# Joj:yfkg ultljlwx¿4f/f jftfj/0fLo d'NodfGotfx¿df gsf/fTds k|efjx¿ /f]Sg k|efjL sfo{x¿ klxrfg / sfof{Gjog .

^=$ Joj:yfkg OsfO{df b'n{e / ;+s6fkGg k|hfltx¿ / ltgLx¿sf] jf;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f .

^=% Dff}lns kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f / k|fs[lts cj:yfdf k'g{:yfkg .

^=^ /}yfg] k|hflt, hLgf]6fOk / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f .

^=& kfgLsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ / pknJwtfsf] ;'/Iff .

^=* E"f–kl/lw / o;sf ljljw kIfx?sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg .

^=( jg If]qnfO{ cGo e"–pkof]udf ?kfGt/0f gug{] .

^=!) ljz]if cj:yfdf afx]s k|fs[lts jgnfO{ j[Iff/f]k0f jgdf ?kfGt/0f gug{] .

& l;4fGt & M Joj:yfksLo of]hgf (Management Planning)

&=! gLlt -b[li6 / d"No_ / jftfj/0fLo ¿kn] /fd|f], ;fdflhs nfebfos / cfly{s ¿kdf Jojxfo{ ePsf Joj:yfkg p2]Zox¿ ePsf] .

&=@ gLlt tyf p2]Zo cg'¿k Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog .

&=# k|ult dfkgsf nflu Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf lglZrt nIox? ;dfj]z ePsf] .

&=$ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg

&=% Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ;f/f+z ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf lgz'Ns pknAw u/fpg] .

&=^ k|efjsf/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ o;sf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf / cg'udg k|lqmofdf ;lqmo / kf/bzL{ ?kdf ;+nUg u/fpg] .

qm=;= dfkb08?

@*

* l;4fGt * M cg'udg / d"Nof+sg (Monitoring and Assessment)

*=! Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] lgoldt cg'udg .

*=@ Joj:yfkg OsfO{df ul/Psf jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs ultljlwx¿sf] k|efjx¿ cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug{' .

*=# cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg kl/0ffdx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{' / glthfnfO{ of]hgf agfpg] k|lqmofdf k|of]u .

*=$ lgz'Ns cg'udgsf] kl/0ffdx¿sf] ;f/f+z, ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pknAwtf .

*=% Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] nflu cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg of]hgf .

( l;4fGt ( M ljz]if ;+/If0f dfGotf (High Conservation Values)

(=! ;dfj]zL k/fdz{ k|lqmof dfkm{t ljz]if ;+/If0f dfGotfsf] pkl:ylt / l:ylt d"Nof+sg / clen]v .

(=@ ljz]if ;+/If0f dfGotfsf nflu k|efjsf/L /0fgLltx¿sf] ljsf; .

(=# ljz]if ;+/If0f dfGotfsf nflu k|efjsf/L /0fgLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjog .

(=$ ljz]if ;+/If0f dfGotfsf /0flgtL sfof{Gjogsf] cfjlws cg'udg .

!) l;4fGt !) M Joj:yfkg ultljlwx¿sf] sfof{Gjog (Implementation of Management Activities)

!)=! jgafnL s6fg kZrft k|fs[lts jf s[lqd ljlwåf/f k'g?Tkfbgsf] ;'lglZrttf .

!)=@ k'g?Tkfbgsf nflu :yflgo / kfl/l:ylts dxTjsf k|hfltsf] pkof]u .

!)=# cfofltt k|hfltx?sf] k|of]udf gug{] jf sd k|of]u .

!)=$ Joj:yfkg PsfO{df cfg'j+lzs ¿kdf kl/dflh{t hLjx¿ k|of]udf /f]s .

!)=% pko'St jg ;+j¢{g k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u .

!)=^ dnsf] k|of]udf sdL jf /f]s .

!)=& /;folgs sL6gfzs cf}iflwx?sf] k|of]udf /f]s .

!)=* cGt/fl{\i6«o :jLs[t j}1flgs k|f]6f]snsf] cg';f/ h}ljs lgoGq0f Ph]G6sf] k|of]udf Go"gtf, cg'udg / lgoGq0f .

!)=( hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg / hf]lvd Go'lgs/0fsf pkfosf] sfof{Gjog .

!)=!) kfgLsf] ;|f]t, b'n{e tyf ;s+6fkGg k|hfltx¿, jf;:yfg, kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL / e"–kl/lwdf gsf/fTds c;/ gkg{] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; .

!)=!! jgafnL s6fg ubf{ jftfj/0fLo d"Nox¿sf] ;+/If0f / cGo pTkfbgsf] Iflt Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] cjnDjg .

!)=!@ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] jftfj/0fd}qL plrt Joj:yfkg

qm=;= dfkb08?

@(

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Chaturbedi, A.N., & Khanna, L.S. (1982). Forest mensuration. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India.

DFRS (2015). States of Nepal's forests. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) Nepal, Department of Forest Research

and Survey (DFRS), Kathmandu, Nepal.

DoF (1995). Community forestry guidelines. Department of Forests, Kathmandu, Nepal

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DoF (2014). Fifth DFO conference. Department of Forests, Kathmandu, Nepal

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DoF (2015). First national workshop on collaborative forest 2015 (2071). Department of Forests, Kathmandu, Nepal

DoF (2017). Silviculture for forest management: Proceedings of the first national silviculture workshop, 19-21

February 2017. Department of Forests, Kathmandu, Nepal.

DoFSC (2019). Hamro Ban: Annual report. Department of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

FSC (2018). The FSC national forest steward standard of the federal demographic republic of Nepal. Forest

Stewardship Council.

GoN (2019). Forest act 2019 (2076). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Nepal.

GoN/MoFE (2019). National forest policy. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Kathmandu,

Nepal.

GoN/MoFSC (2016). Forestry sector strategy (2016-2025). Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil

Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

HMGN (1957). Private forest nationalization act 1957 (2013). Ministry of Law and Justice, His Majesty’s Government

of Nepal.

HMGN (1962). Forest act 1962 (2018). Ministry of Law and Justice, His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.

HMGN (1973). Panchayat protected forest regulation 1973. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal

HMGN (1976). National forestry plan 1976 (2033). Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation.

HMGN (1993). Forest act 1993 (2049). Ministry of Law and Justice, His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.

HMGN (1995). Forest rules 1995 (2051). Ministry of Law and Justice, His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.

HMGN (1998). Master plan for the forestry sector Nepal. His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests

and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L (References)

#)

HMGN/MoFSC (2000). Forest policy 2000. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal.

ITTO (2019). Tropical forest update. International Tropical Timber Organization.

Jackson, J. K. (1994). Manual of afforestation in Nepal. Forest Research and Survey Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.

KC, R. (2019). Scientific forest management of Nepal: A review. In Hamro Ban 2074/75. Department of Forests and

Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.

Khanna, L.S. (1993). Principles and practice of silviculture. Khanna Bandhu, Dehradun, India

MoFSC (2013). Forestry for prosperity. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal

MoFSC (2017). Forest and watershed profile of local level structure, Nepal. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation,

Kathmandu.

NPC (2011). Twelfth Plan 2011-2013. National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, Nepal

NPC (2014). Thirteenth Plan 2014-2016. National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, Nepal

NPC (2017). Fourteenth Plan 2017-2019. National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, Nepal

NPC (2020). Fifteenth Plan 2020-2024. National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, Nepal

Prakash, R. & Khanna L. S. (1991). Theory and practice of silvicultural system. International Book Distributers

Dehradun, India.

Prakash, R. (1986). Forest management. International Book Distributers, Dehradun, India.

Smith, D.M. (1989). The practice of silviculture. EDB Education Pvt. Ltd, Dehradun, India.

Stainton, J.D.A. (1972). Forests of Nepal. John Murray. London.

Subedi, V.R., Bhatta, K.D., Poudel, I.P., & Bhattarai. P. (2018). Application of silvicultural system, yield regulation

and thinning practices in natural forests: Case study from Western Terai. Banko Jankari, Special Issue No. 4

UNFF (2009). Sustainable forest management at the multilateral level. United Nations Forum on Forests.

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