Mis - Jbs513 Lecture 1

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Introduction

Management Information System

(JBS513)

Tapas Kumar Sen

Lecture 1

19 November, 2009


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An information system can be defined as a group of

interrelated components that collect, process, store anddistribute information to support decision making,

controlling and executing activities in an organisation.

Management Information System (MIS) can becategorised as type of information systems that support

management activities.

Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term givento the discipline focused on the integration of computer

systems with the aims and objectives on an organisation.

Definition of MIS


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To enable the organisation to meet the strategic business

challenge: how can the organisation use informationtechnology and systems to be more competitive and

effective?

To help the organisation to understand and leverage

globalisation challenges: how can the organisationunderstand and leverage challenges arising out of

globalisation

To provide and store secured, reliable and consistent

information in a cost-effective manner To eliminate manual and labour intensive data processing

thus reducing costs and vastly improving efficiency and

speed

MIS - Objectives


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Generate reports that allow analysis and decision making

Answer questions such as what, when, where and how at

managerial level

MIS Objectives (contd.)


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Scope

Business Strategy

Roles

Procedures

Software

Hardware

Databases

Network

Information SystemsOrganisation


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Scope (contd.)

Strategic Level Systems

Management Level Systems

Knowledge Level Systems

Operational Level Systems

ESS

MIS

DSS

KWS

Office

Systems

TPS


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Examples of types of systems

ESS Long range product planning, Long range personnelplanning etc.

MIS Sales management, Inventory control, Annual budgeting

etc.

DSS Sales region analysis, Production scheduling, cost

analysis etc.

KWS Engineering workstation, Graphics workstation etc.

Office Systems Office suite, Email, Imaging

TPS Payroll, Accounts payables, Accounts Receivables,

Order tracking, Order processing, Materials movement controletc.


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Concept of MIS

Processing Logic

Computers

Human Beings

Database

Data

Data

Data

intelligence Tools Choice

Information

Judgement/Intuition / Skill / Experience / External Environment

Performance

Decision Making

Decision

Decision Implementation

Monitoring/Feedback

MIS


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Transformation of the Enterprise Flattening

Decentralisation

Flexibility

Location independence

Low transaction and collaboration costs Empowerment

Collaborative work and team work

Emergence of the Digital Firm Digitally enabled relationship with customers, suppliers and employees

Core business processes accomplished via digital networks

Digital management of key corporate assets

Rapid sensing and responding to environmental changes

The Changing Contemporary Business

Environment (contd.)


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS ENABLE BUSINESS TOADAPT TO, COPE WITH AND COMPETE IN TODAYS CHALLENGING

ENVIRONMENT.

The Changing Contemporary Business

Environment (contd.)


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Information and Business Value Chain

Data

Collection &

Storage

DisseminationTransform-

ation for

businesssystems

Supply Chain

Management

Enterprise

Management

Customer

Management

Knowledge

Management

PlanningCoordinating Controlling Modelling &

Decision making

Profitability &

Strategic

Position


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No single theory or concept constitutes MIS. It is amultidisciplinary field.

Disciplines contributing to MIS:

Computer Science

Management Science

Cognitive Science

Accounting

Sociology

Management and behavioural theories

Systems Theory

Characteristics of MIS


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Technical Approach:

Comprises of fields such as Computer Science, Management Science

and Operations Research

Emphasises on prescriptive solutions to organisational and businesschallenges

Ignores cultural and behavioural issues.

Characteristics of MIS (contd.)


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Behavioural Approach:

Driven by sociology, economics, behavioural studies

Focuses on impact of technology and systems on people and

organisation

The truth is that no single approach can completely explain the field of

MIS.



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Socio-technical Approach:

A fusion of the Technical and the Behavioural approaches

Recognises contributions of all relevant disciplines

Seeks a balance between technically optimal solution and

organisational culture/goals.



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Implementing systems that are competitive and efficient

Understanding the systems requirements of a global business

environment

Creating an information architecture and technology infrastructure tosupport organisational goals

Determining the business value of MIS

Designing systems that people can control, understand and use in a

socially and ethically responsible manner

Major Management Challenges to building and using MIS


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Application Software

Robust

Maintainable

Re-usable

Performant

Portable

Infrastructure

Server capacity (CPU, RAM, Disk Space)

Network bandwidth

Backup/recovery

Technical Design of MIS - Components


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User Interface User Friendly

Access control

Navigation

Database Tables and Fields

Keys and relationships

Locking, referential integrity

Performance (access path, indexing)

Technical Design of MIS - Components


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Ensure MIS is in synch with organisational culture and goals

Ensure stakeholder holder participation in planning, requirements

gathering, development, testing and deployment

Ensure MIS can be supported and enhanced cost effectively

Ensure compatibility with the information architecture of the

organisation

Ensure quality, reliability, usability, availability and maintainability of

MIS

Steps involved in setting up MIS


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Implement proper access control for data security, confidentiality and

integrity

Provide up-to-date and complete technical and user documentation

Train end users, technical staff and documenters

Provide Help facility

Organise handover from the development team to the maintenance

team

Obtain feedback

Steps involved in setting up MIS (contd.)


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Wrong underlying requirements will harm the organisation

in terms of high costs, reduced quality, loss of business,problems with regulatory bodies

Design and implementation of new business processes

should go hand in hand with implementation of MISDonot build on Yesterdays processes.

Performance, scalability, availability, usability can be

critical issues

Insufficient involvement of all the stakeholders may lead to

rejection of the system

Problems involved in installing and operating MIS


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Improper user training and documentation may also leadto early termination of the system

Inadequately tested systems will generate a lot of bugs

resulting in high maintenance costs and userdissatisfaction

Improperly architected systems will make future

enhancements very difficult

Lack of portability to new versions of software and

hardware will kill the system

Problems involved in installing and operating MIS

(contd.)


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Coders

Designers

Hardware Engineers

Modellers

Database Administrators

MIS Personnel


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System Administrators

Trainers and Documenters

End users

Business Managers/SMEs

Chief Information Officer

MIS Personnel (contd.)


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Benefits of MIS

Mis - Jbs513 Lecture 1

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