Le libre accs aux publications scientifiques Le point sur la situation

Le libre accs aux publications savantes

Pierre Mounier (EHESS/Clo)

Congrs SAES 2013 - Dijon

O en sommes-nous ?

Ltat du dbat en France

La zizanie : comment tout a commenc

France : une position en 7 points

1) Dvelopper l'Open Access Green en engageant, dans le cadre de BSN, une concertation sur les dures d'embargos. Ces embargos ont vocation tre diffrencis selon les disciplines. Oui au principe d'une dure d'embargo sur toutes les publications scientifiques finances sur fonds publics, mais avec deux prcisions. La premire c'est qu'elle doit concerner les textes scientifiques au sens strict, et ne pas dborder sur ceux qui nourrissent le dbat d'ides auprs d'un public plus large. La seconde, c'est que ces dures soient adaptes aux spcificits des disciplines et de leur conomie ditoriale. Cette concertation sera ouverte sans dlai avec les diteurs sur ce sujet.

2) Accompagner l'volution de l'Open Access Gold pour les communauts qui font ce choix, par la ngociation des licences et le contrle des cots. La mutation vers ce nouveau modle suppose une cohsion et une dtermination nationale des tablissements. Cette voie doit galement s'accompagner d'une part plus importante du gold institutionnel.

3) Promouvoir le dveloppement d'une troisime voie innovante et durable, qu'on appellera la Platinum Road. Cette voie consiste dvelopper une dition en libre accs qui permette aux auteurs et aux lecteurs d'accder la publication scientifique sans paiement. Il s'agit de promouvoir une alliance forte entre tous les acteurs de l'dition scientifique, chercheurs, diteurs, bibliothques, plateformes, sur la base de modles conomiques hybrides, alliant investissements publics sur des infrastructures et commercialisation de services haute valeur ajoute. C'est la voie la moins contraignante pour les auteurs et les lecteurs.

4) Optimiser la plateforme HAL, comme je l'ai dit, en incitant plus fortement les chercheurs dposer les publications dans l'archive ouverte nationale, en lien avec les archives ouvertes institutionnelles.

5) Proposer aux chercheurs-auteurs un modle national de contrat de publication conforme au respect du droit d'auteur.

6) Engager une rflexion sur la place des productions scientifiques dans les modes d'valuation de la recherche. Je souhaite m'appuyer, pour mener cette rflexion, sur le rapport que l'Acadmie des sciences a consacr la bibliomtrie. Cela permettra de rendre plus crdibles les publications, et de rnover le lien entre sciences et socit.

7) Initier un travail en commun avec les diteurs nationaux pour soutenir leurs actions l'international, je pense notamment l'aide la traduction des co-ditions, et prserver un minimum de diversit ditoriale.

Mise en contexte

Open access : un mouvement composite

Le commencementPaul Ginsparg et ArXiv (1991)

La virulence du dbat qui opposa Einstein et Lorentz autour de la relativit et de la thorie quantique se trahit dans la correspondance que les deux physiciens changrent. Einstein s'y s'acharne, en termes inusits dans ses textes publics, dtruire la thorie quantique. La forme d'un dbat pistolaire n'est pas sans clairer son contenu et la radicalit de certaines positions scientifiques, philosophiques ou esthtiques, s'clairent des conditions d'opposition dans lesquelles celles-ci sont nes

ChristopheProchasson, Les correspondances: sources et lieux de mmoire de l'histoire intellectuelle,Les Cahiers du Centre de Recherches Historiques, 8| 1991, [En ligne], mis en ligne le 18 mars 2009. URL: http://ccrh.revues.org/index2824.html. Consult le 08 septembre 2009.

Source : Registry or Open Access Repositories (U. Southampton)

Un Nobel entre dans la bataileHarold Varmus et Plos (2001)

Year

Annual Submissions

Annual Publications

% of Annual PubMed

2007

2,497

1,231

0.16%

2008

4,401

2,723

0.34%

2009

6,734

4,310

0.52%

2010

13,567

6,784

0.7%

2011

>22,000*

>12,000*

~1.5%*

Source : PLoS ONE and the rise of the Open Access Mega Journal Peter Binfield

Engagements collectifs :Dclarations de Budapest (2002), Bethesda (2003) et Berlin (2003)

Dclaration de Budapest : 6000 signataires

Dclaration de Berlin: 344 institutions signataires Dont lUniversit de Provence en 2009

Dclaration de Bethesda

Le/les auteur(s) ainsi que les titulaires du droit dauteur accordent tous les utilisateurs un droit daccs gratuit, irrvocable, mondial et perptuel et leur concdent une licence leur permettant de copier, utiliser, distribuer, transmettre et visualiser publiquement luvre et dutiliser cette uvre pour la ralisation et la distribution duvres drives, sous quelque format lectronique que ce soit et dans un but raisonnable, et ce condition den indiquer correctement lauteur

Dclaration de Budapest

Une tradition ancienne et une technologie nouvelle ont converg pour rendre possible un bienfait public sans prcdent. La tradition ancienne est la volont des scientifiques et universitaires de publier sans rtribution les fruits de leur recherche dans des revues savantes, pour lamour de la recherche et de la connaissance. La nouvelle technologie est lInternet. Le bienfait public quelles rendent possible est la diffusion lectronique lchelle mondiale de la littrature des revues comit de lecture avec accs compltement gratuit et sans restriction tous les scientifiques, savants, enseignants, tudiants et autres esprits curieux. Supprimer les obstacles restreignant laccs cette littrature va acclrer la recherche enrichir lenseignement, partager le savoir des riches avec les pauvres et le savoir des pauvres avec les riches, rendre cette littrature son potentiel dutilit, et jeter les fondements de lunification de lhumanit travers un dialogue intellectuel, et une qute du savoir communs.

Une tradition ancienne et une technologie nouvelle

Steward Brand

On the one hand information wants to be expensive, because it's so valuable. The right information in the right place just changes your life. On the other hand, information wants to be free, because the cost of getting it out is getting lower and lower all the time. So you have these two fighting against each other.

Ratio : de 1,28 5,47.Laccs restreint bnficie de textes beaucoup plus rcents.

Revues de SHS francophones

Vers une politique de libre accs

Projet de loi allemand

Even if copyright was transferred exclusively to the publisher, the author of a scientific contribution, which stems from at least half publicly funded research and teaching activities and published in a periodical which is at least published twice yearly, has the right to make the accepted manuscript version of the contribution publicly available (internet) after the expiration of twelve months after the first publication, provided this serves no commercial purpose and the source of the original publication is indicated. A deviating agreement to the disadvantage of the author is invalid

Taking all these factors into account, our best estimate is that achieving a significant and sustainable increase in access, making best use of all three mechanisms, would require an additional 50-60m a year in expenditure from the HE sector: 38m on publishing in open access journals, 10m on extensions to licences for the HE and health sectors and 3-5m on repositories, plus one-off transition costs of 5m. [] Indeed, we believe meeting the costs of transition is essential in order to manage in an ordered way the move from a research communications system which is becoming increasingly unsustainable as a result of the economic, technological and social changes we have highlighted. While any estimates of the benefits that will accrue to the UK economy and society are similarly subject to much uncertainty, it is clear that the benefits will be real and substantial. In short, we believe that the investments necessary to improve the current research communications system will yield significant returns in improving the efficiency of research, and in enhancing its impact for the benefit of everyone in the UK.

Un business model ?

Conclusion : faut-il comment publier en libre accs?

Merci !pierre.mounier@openedition.org

52

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ONE with an IF

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Sheet419622097333236875108.554818068.511104.515056.51907123006.527923.532544.53731242691.547969.554232601876684773307808308875996527.5104734

19622097333236875108.554818068.511104.515056.51907123006.527923.532544.53731242691.547969.554232601876684773307808308875996527.5104734

Publications per Quarter in OA Megajournals

ONE with an IF

YearAnnual SubmissionsAnnual Publications% of Annual PubMed20072,4971,2310.1620084,4012,7230.3420096,7344,3100.52201013,5676,784201126,00013,000508800

0.52%**4310**6619**2009**0.34%2723440120080.16%1231249720070.02%1384732006*% of Annual PubMedAnnual PublicationsAnnual SubmissionsYear