Langue : Français

Original : Anglais

GROUPE DE LA BANQUE AFRICAINE DE DÉVELOPPMENT

PROJET : Projet d’Alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en

milieu rural

PAYS : Gambie

RAPPORT D’ÉVALUATION DE PROJET

Date : Octobre 2011

Équipe d’évaluation

Chef d’équipe : Rees Mwasambili – Ingénieur eau et assainissement sup. –

OWAS.1

Membres de l’équipe :

Ahmed Attout –Analyste financier supérieur, OWAS.1

Kelello P. Ntoempe, Environnementaliste principal, ONEC.3

Mahecor Ndiaye – Ingénieur Eau et assainissement,

OWAS.1/SNFO

Gregory Osubor - Spécialiste du développement social,

OSHD/NGFO

Mustapha Diallo - Spécialiste des achats, ORPF.1/SNFO

Directeur sectoriel : Sering Jallow

Pairs évaluateurs

Issakaku Budali – Spécialiste de la protection sociale, OSHD/KEFO

Christopher Mutasa – Analyste financier, OWAS.2

Ashraf H. Ayad – Spécialiste des achats, ORPF.1

Eskinder Almesged – Ingénieur eau et assainissement, OWAS.2

Tom. R. Mugoya – Ingénieur eau et assainissement, OWAS.1

TABLE DES MATIÈRES

I – AXE STRATÉGIQUE ET JUSTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 LIENS ENTRE LE PROJET, LA STRATÉGIE ET LES OBJECTIFS DU PAYS .......................................................... 1 1.2 JUSTIFICATION DE LA PARTICIPATION DE LA BANQUE ............................................................................... 2 1.3 COORDINATION DES BAILLEURS DE FONDS................................................................................................ 3

II –DESCRIPTION DU PROJET ....................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 COMPOSANTES DU PROJET ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 SOLUTION TECHNIQUE RETENUE ET AUTRES ALTERNATIVES EXPLORÉES .................................................. 4 2.3 TYPE DE PROJET ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.4 COÛT DU PROJET ET MODALITÉS DE FINANCEMENT ................................................................................... 6 2.5 DOMAINE D’INTERVENTION ET BÉNÉFICIAIRES DU PROJET ....................................................................... 7 2.6 PROCESSUS PARTICIPATIF MIS EN ŒUVRE POUR L’IDENTIFICATION, LA CONCEPTION ET L’EXÉCUTION DU

PROJET ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.7 EXPÉRIENCES DU GROUPE DE LA BANQUE, ENSEIGNEMENTS PRIS EN COMPTE DANS LA CONCEPTION DU

PROJET ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.8 INDICATEURS CLÉS DE PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 10

III – FAISABILITÉ DU PROJET .................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 PERFORMANCE ÉCONOMIQUE ET FINANCIÈRE ......................................................................................... 10 3.2 IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL .................................................................................................. 11

IV – MISE EN ŒUVRE ..................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 MODALITÉS DE MISE EN ŒUVRE .............................................................................................................. 12 4.2 SUIVI ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 GOUVERNANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 14 4.4 VIABILITÉ ............................................................................................................................................... 15 4.5 GESTION DES RISQUES ............................................................................................................................. 15 4.6 DÉVELOPPEMENT DES CONNAISSANCES .................................................................................................. 16

V –INSTRUMENTS JURIDIQUES ET POUVOIRS ..................................................................................... 17

5.1 INSTRUMENT JURIDIQUE .......................................................................................................................... 17 5.2 CONDITIONS LIÉES À L’INTERVENTION DE LA BANQUE........................................................................... 17 5.3 CONFORMITÉ AUX POLITIQUES DE LA BANQUE ....................................................................................... 17

VI – RECOMMANDATION ............................................................................................................................. 18

ANNEXE I : INDICATEURS SOCIOÉCONOMIQUES COMPARATIFS ANNEXE II : TABLEAU DU PORTEFEUILLE DE LA BAD DANS LE PAYS ANNEXE III : PRINCIPAUX PROJETS PERTINENTS FINANCÉS PAR LA BANQUE ET D’AUTRES PARTENAIRES

AU DÉVELOPPEMENT DANS LE PAYS ANNEXE IV : CARTE DE L'EMPLACEMENT DU PROJET

i

Équivalences monétaires Août 2011

1 UC = 46,91 dalasis gambiens (GMD)

1 USD = 29,34 GMD

1 UC = 1,60 USD

1 UC = 1,12 euro

1 Euro = 41,84 GMD

Exercice budgétaire

[Janvier - Décembre]

Poids et mesures

1 tonne = 2 204 livres (lbs)

1 kilogramme (kg) = 2,200 livres

1 mètre (m) = 3,28 pieds (ft)

1 millimètre (mm) = 0,03937 pouces

1 kilomètre (km) = 0,62 mile

1 hectare (ha) = 2,471 acres

ii

Sigles et abréviations

ABG : Appui budgétaire général

AEAR : Alimentation en eau et assainissement en milieu rural

AOI : Appel d’offre international

AON : Appel d’offres national

BAD : Banque africaine de développement

BADEA : Banque arabe pour le développement économique en Afrique

BID : Banque islamique de développement

BM : Banque mondiale

CCT : Comité consultatif technique

CE : Commission européenne

CGP : Cellule de gestion du projet

CNP : Comité national de pilotage

DCD : Département du développement communautaire

DfID : Département britannique du développement international

DSP : Document de stratégie-pays

DSRP : Document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté

DWR : Département des ressources en eau

FAD : Fonds africain de développement

FAE : Facilité africaine de l’eau

FED : Fonds européen de développement

GIRE : Gestion intégrée des ressources en eau

GoTG : Gouvernement gambien

GPPA : Administration chargée de la passation des marchés de Gambie

IAEAR : Initiative pour l’alimentation en eau et l’assainissement en milieu rural

IFRS : Normes internationales d’information financière

ISA : Normes internationales d’audit

ISC : Indicateurs sectoriels clés

JICA : Agence japonaise de coopération internationale

MIC : Rapport d’enquêtes en grappes à indicateurs multiples

MoFEA : Ministère des Affaires financières et économiques

MoFWRNAM : Ministère de la Pêche, des Ressources en eau et des Questions relatives à l’Assemblée nationale

MoLGL : Ministère des Administrations locales et territoriales

NAWEC : Société nationale de l’eau et d’électricité

NWP : Politique nationale de l’eau

OE : Organe d’exécution

OMD : Objectif du Millénaire pour le développement

ONG : Organisation non gouvernementale

OWAS : Département de l’eau et de l’assainissement

PAGE : Plan d’accélération de la croissance et de l’emploi

PGES : Plan de gestion environnementale et sociale

RNB : Revenu national brut

RSC : Revue sectorielle conjointe

RWSSP : Projet d’alimentation eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural

S&E : Suivi et évaluation

SAC : Stratégie d’aide commune

SDF : Fonds saoudien de développement

SMP : Stratégie à mi-parcours

TANGO : Association des organisations non gouvernementales

TRE : Taux de rentabilité économique

TRF : Taux de rentabilité financière

UC : Unité de compte

UE : Union européenne

UNDESA : Département des affaires économiques et sociales/Nations Unies

USD : Dollar des États-Unis

VDC : Comité de développement des villages

VWC : Comité villageois de l’eau

WRIS : Système d’information sur les ressources en eau

iii

Informations sur le prêt

Informations sur le client

EMPRUNTEUR : République de Gambie

ORGANE D’EXÉCUTION : Ministère de la Pêche, des Ressources en eau et

des Questions relatives à l’Assemblée nationale

Plan de financement

Source Montant (en millions d’UC)

Instrument

FAD

1,11

Don

Fonds spécial IAEAR 3,58 Don

GoTG 0,15 Contrepartie

Communautés bénéficiaires 0,11 Contributions

COÛT TOTAL 4,95

Principales informations sur le financement de la Banque

Monnaie du don

(monnaie)

Type d’intérêt* s.o.

Différentiel de taux d’intérêt* s.o.

Commission d’engagement* s.o.

Autres frais* s.o.

Durée (mois)

Différé d’amortissement (mois)

TRF, VAN (scénario de référence) 2,34 millions d’USD

TRE (scénario de référence) 21 %

* le cas échéant

Chronogramme - Étapes clés (prévisionnelles)

Approbation de la note conceptuelle Juillet 2011

Approbation du projet Janvier 2012

Entrée en vigueur Juin 2012

Dernier décaissement Décembre 2015

Achèvement Décembre 2015

Dernier remboursement s.o.

iv

Résumé du projet

1. Aperçu du projet : Le projet d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu

rural en Gambie (RWSSP) couvre cinq régions rurales du pays. Il vise à améliorer l’accès à

l’alimentation en eau potable et à l’assainissement dans les zones rurales, portant d’ici 2015

le taux de couverture d’environ 70 % à 72 % en ce qui concerne l’alimentation en eau, et de

40 % à 44 % pour l’assainissement. Les principaux produits attendus du projet sont les

suivants : i) installation de nouveaux réseaux d’alimentation en eau multi-villages à énergie

solaire ; ii) réhabilitation et transformation des structures simples d’alimentation en eau en

réseaux multi-villages à énergie solaire ; iii) amélioration des installations d’assainissement

des écoles, des centres de santé ruraux et des lieux publics ; iv) renforcement institutionnel

des ministères concernés par le projet ; iv) éducation communautaire en matière

d’assainissement et d’hygiène personnelle.

Le RWSSP sera mis en œuvre sur une période de quatre ans, de 2012 à 2015, et permettra à

65 000 nouvelles personnes dans les zones rurales de Gambie d’accéder à ces services. Le

coût total du projet est de 4,95 millions d’UC, qui seront financés grâce à : un don FAD de

1,11 million d’UC (22 %), un don du Fonds fiduciaire de l’Initiative pour l’alimentation en

eau et l’assainissement en milieu rural (IAEAR) de 4 millions d’euros (3,58 millions d’UC)

(73 %), une contribution de l’État gambien de 0,15 million d’UC (3 %) et des contributions

des communautés bénéficiaires chiffrées à 0,11 million d’UC (2 %).

2. Évaluation des besoins : Conformément au deuxième Document de stratégie pour la

réduction de la pauvreté en Gambie (DSRP II), le principal défi du secteur de l’eau est

d’assurer un développement et une gestion durables des ressources en eau pour permettre de

satisfaire la forte demande d’eau et de services d’assainissement pour les besoins

domestiques et autres usages, face à l’accroissement des prélèvements, au changement et à la

variabilité climatiques, ainsi qu’à l’urbanisation. Pour relever ce défi, le secteur privilégie,

entre autres : i) la mise en œuvre de la Politique nationale de l’eau ; ii) le renforcement des

capacités humaines et des infrastructures des institutions du secteur, pour leur permettre

d’accomplir leurs missions ; et iii) l’autonomisation des communautés afin d’assurer leur

participation effective à la gestion de l’eau.

En Gambie, 20 % des décès des moins de cinq ans sont liés au manque d’eau salubre et de

services d’assainissement. Selon les estimations, le taux de mortalité des moins de cinq ans

en milieu rural est de 36 % plus élevé que dans les zones urbaines. Dans les zones rurales,

200 000 personnes environ n’ont pas accès à l’eau potable, et près du double de ce nombre

n’utilise pas d’installations d’assainissement améliorées. En outre, du fait des mauvaises

pratiques d’hygiène en général, l’eau est fortement contaminée (à 79 % selon les estimations)

durant la manipulation et le stockage, d’où l’importance de l’amélioration des sources d’eau

envisagée par le projet.

Dans le contexte actuel, le but de la participation de la Banque est d’aider la Gambie à

développer les capacités requises pour assurer un alimentation en eau potable durable et pour

s’attaquer spécifiquement aux pratiques non hygiéniques de manipulation de l’eau potable,

ainsi que d’hygiène personnelle et d’assainissement.

v

3. Valeur ajoutée de la Banque : La Banque a déjà financé dans d’autres pays membres

régionaux des opérations similaires d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural et

possède par conséquent une vaste expérience à cet égard. La valeur ajoutée de la Banque

résidera dès lors dans la promotion et l’application, en Gambie, des meilleures pratiques et des

enseignements tirés. Le financement du projet proposé consolidera la participation et le soutien

continus de la Banque au secteur social en Gambie.

4. Gestion des connaissances : Les connaissances qui seront générées durant la mise en

œuvre du projet seront consignées dans les différents rapports du projet, notamment les

rapports d’activité trimestriels, les rapports techniques et d’audit financier, de revue à mi-

parcours et d’achèvement. Dans le cadre de l’appui au projet, la Banque soutiendra la

redynamisation du Groupe de travail sur l’eau et l’assainissement (WSWG) et l’introduction

de revues annuelles conjointes du secteur de l’eau, qui constitueront une plateforme

alternative de production et de gestion de connaissances. Les connaissances acquises

enrichiront le processus d’apprentissage continu de la Banque, et son soutien aux pays

membres régionaux.

vi

Pays et titre du projet : Gambie : Projet d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural

But du projet : Accroître l’accès à l’eau potable et améliorer les pratiques d’assainissement et d’hygiène dans les zones rurales

CHAINE DES RÉSULTATS

INDICATEURS DE PERFORMANCE MOYENS DE

VÉRIFICATION

RISQUES/MESURES

D’ATTÉNUATION Indicateurs (y compris ISC)

Données de

référence Bénéficiaires

IMP

AC

T

Impact : gestion efficace et durable des ressources en

eau et amélioration de la gestion du risque climatique

en vue de soutenir le développement socioéconomique et la protection environnementale en Gambie.

Pourcentage de personnes ayant accès

à une meilleure alimentation en eau

(%). Pourcentage de personnes ayant accès

à un assainissement amélioré (%)

70 % (2009)

40 % (2009)

100 % (2020)

90 % (2020)

Rapport d’enquêtes en

grappes à indicateurs

multiples (MICS)

Risque: Absence de mise en œuvre des réformes

WSS

Atténuation: Dialogue continu entre le

gouvernement et les donateurs en vue

d’encourager les réformes

RÉ

AL

ISA

TIO

NS

Réalisation 1 : Augmentation du nombre de personnes ayant accès à l’alimentation en eau et à

l’assainissement

Accès à une alimentation en eau potable (ISC);

Accès à un assainissement amélioré

(% pop.) (ISC)

70 % (2009)

40 % (2009)

72 % (2015)

44 % (2015)

Système d’information sur les ressources en

eau (WRIS)

Rapport MIC

Risque 1 : Absence de coordination et

parcellisation du secteur de l’eau et de

l’assainissement

Atténuation 1: Soutien technique pour la

relance du Groupe de travail Eau et Assainissement et introduction des revues

sectorielles conjointes

Risque 2: Échec des systèmes E&E actuels du

fait d’une absence de stratégie /plan

Atténuation 2 : Appui technique pour l’élaboration d’une stratégie/un plan E&E

Réalisation 2 : Augmentation du nombre de personnes ayant de meilleurs comportements en matière

d’hygiène.

Taux de baisse des maladies diarrhéiques

20 % (2006)

10 % by 2015

PR

OD

UIT

S

Composante 1: Structures d’alimentation en eau et

d’assainissement Résultat 1.1: Nouveaux points d’eau

Produit 1.2: Points d’eau améliorés/réhabilités

Produit 1.3: Latrines pour institutions et ménages

1.1: Nb. de nouveaux points d’eau

installés 1.2: Nb. de points d’eau

améliorés/réhabilités

1.3: Population supplémentaire disposant de latrines améliorées

1.1 :18 Nouveaux systèmes

d’adduction d’eau multi-

villages (2015)

1.2 : 4 systèmes réhabilités et modernisés pour utiliser

l’énergie solaire; (2014)

1.3 : 20 000 (2015)

1. WRIS

2. Rapports d’activité

annuels et

trimestriels

Composante 2 : Renforcement institutionnel et

renforcement des capacités/formation

Produit 2.1: Groupe de travail WSS redynamisé Produit 2.2; Revues sectorielles conjointes

Produit 2.3: Stratégie/plan de financement national(e)

harmonisé(e) d’exploitation et entretien (E&E) Produit 2.4 : VDC et VWC constitués

2.1 Création d’un groupe de travail

efficace

2.2: Mise en place de mécanismes conjoints de revue sectorielle

2.3 Disponibilité d’une stratégie/d’un

plan de financement E&E 2.4: Nb. de nouveaux VWC constitués

et formés (% de femmes) ISC

2.1: Première réunion du

Groupe de travail WS d’ici

décembre 2012.

2.2 Première RSC en 2013

2.3: Plan national E&E en

place (2014)

2.4 60 (2014/15) (50 % de femmes)

Rapports d’activité

trimestriels et annuels

Rapports RSC Audits annuels

Composante 3 : Promotion et éducation à l’hygiène

Produit 3.1 Ateliers de formation à l’hygiène Produit 3.2 latrines et installations de lavage des mains

Produit 3.3 Production de matériels IEC sur l’hygiène

et l’assainissement Produit 3.4 Promotion de l’approche CLTS

Produit 3.5 Mise à jour de l’étude de référence sur

l’assainissement

3.1 Nb. de personnes formées (% de

femmes) 3.2 Nb. d’installations de

démonstration mises en place

3.3 Matériels IEC revus et choisis 3.4 Nb. de communautés ayant adopté

l’approche CLTS

3.5. Mise à jour de l’étude de référence

3.1 : 2000 (50 % de femmes)

(2012-13)

3.2 :22 (2014)

3.3 : Reproduction de

matériels IEC (2013/2014) 3.4 : 30 (2015)

3.5 : 1 (2014)

SH-IMS

Rapports d’activité

trimestriels et annuels

Risque: Lente réponse des communautés aux

messages sur le changement de comportement en matière d’hygiène

Atténuation: Le projet offrira des services de

promotion de l’hygiène (lavage approprié des

mains, utilisation appropriée des latrines améliorées, etc.). Un programme d’éducation

continue sera également financé par le

gouvernement à l’achèvement du projet.

vii

Composante 4 : Gestion du projet

Produit 4.1: Plans de travail pluriannuels détaillés

Produit 4.2 Audits financiers et techniques annuels

Produit 4.3: Rapports d’activité trimestriels

4.1 Plan de travail et de passation des

marchés

4.2 Nb. d’audits annuels soumis à temps

4.3 Nb. de rapports d’activité par an

4.1 : 4 (2015)

4.2 : 4 (2015) 4.3 : 16 (2015)

Audits techniques et financiers annuels

Audits

Rapports d’activité du

projet

Risque : Faiblesse des capacités institutionnelles

de l’OE pour la mise en œuvre du projet

Atténuation : Utilisation d’une CGP pour la mise en œuvre

Risque: Passation des marchés et mauvaise

gestion des ressources du projet

Atténuation: Formation aux règles en vigueur

de la Banque, conformité au plan de passation

des marchés

AC

TIV

ITÉ

S

CL

ÉS

COMPOSANTES

CONTRIBUTIONS

Composante 1 : Infrastructures d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural

Composante 2 : Soutien au renforcement institutionnel et aux réformes, et renforcement des capacités/Formation

Composante 3 : Promotion et sensibilisation à l’hygiène

Composante 4 : Gestion du projet

Composante 1 : 3,15 millions d’UC

Composante 2 : 0,67 million d’UC

Composante 3 : 0,48 million d’UC

Composante 4 : 0,65 million d’UC

viii

Activité 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Traitement du don Négociation du don Approbation du don Signature des protocoles d’accord Lancement du projet Structures d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement Alimentation en eau

Étude et conception

Passation des marchés Travaux et supervision Assainissement Passation des marchés Travaux/réhabilitation et supervision Appui institutionnel : Formation/renf.

Institutions échelle nationale (DWR,DCD,DoH) Conseils régionaux Watsan et VDC Élaboration d’un plan E&E Redynamisation du Groupe de travail WSS Promotion et éducation à l’hygiène Étude de référence assainissement Mobilisation, sensibilisation, formation à l’hygiène Mobilisation et formation à l’approche CLTS

Gestion de projet Recrutement de 3 agents supplémentaires (CGP) Gestion et supervision du projet Suivi et évaluation Audits techniques et financiers annuels Mission de supervision

Rapport d’achèvement de projet

T3 2015 T2 2013 T1 2013 T4 2013 T3 2013

GAMBIE – PROJET D’ALIMENTATION EN EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT EN MILIEU RURAL 2012 - 2015

CALENDRIER DE MISE EN ŒUVRE DU PROGRAMME

T2 2014 T1 2014 T4 2011 T3 2011 T2 2012 T1 2012 T4 2012 T3 2012 T4 2014 T3 2014 T2 2015 T1 2015 T4 2015

1

RAPPORT ET RECOMMANDATION DE LA DIRECTION DU GROUPE DE LA

BANQUE AUX CONSEILS D’ADMINISTRATION CONCERNANT UNE PROPOSITION

D’OCTROI D’UN DON À LA GAMBIE POUR FINANCER LE PROJET

D’ALIMENTATION EN EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT EN MILIEU RURAL

La Direction soumet le rapport et la recommandation ci-après concernant une

proposition d’octroi au Gouvernement gambien d’un don FAD de 1,11 million d’UC et d’un

don du Fonds fiduciaire IAEAR de 3,58 millions d’UC aux conditions du FAD, pour le

financement du Projet d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural (RWSSP).

La proposition de financement du RWSSP par le Groupe de la Banque répond à une demande

officielle que le gouvernement gambien a adressée le 30 mars 2011 à la Banque, l’invitant à

soutenir les efforts qu’il déploie pour assurer de manière durable une alimentation en eau

potable et des installations d’assainissement aux populations rurales. Le projet s’inscrit dans

le prolongement de l’appui qu’apporte la Banque au pays. Il a été préparé en mars 2011 et

évalué en août 2011.

I. AXE STRATÉGIQUE ET JUSTIFICATION

1.1 Liens entre le projet, la stratégie et les objectifs du pays

1.1.1 Le deuxième Document de stratégie pour la réduction de la pauvreté (DSRP II), qui

porte sur la période 2007-2011, sert de cadre de réduction de la pauvreté et de promotion de

la croissance économique en Gambie. Le DSRP couvre cinq grands domaines thématiques

(piliers), dont le troisième, qui porte sur l’amélioration des services de base (santé, éducation,

eau et assainissement), est considéré comme faisant partie des priorités en matière de

réduction de la pauvreté. Le gouvernement prépare actuellement, pour la période 2012-2015,

le Programme pour une croissance accélérée et pour l’emploi (PAGE), qui succédera au

DSRP II. Le PAGE, qui devrait être approuvé par le cabinet vers la fin 2011, s’articulera

autour du principal axe du DSRP II, la gouvernance, mais portera aussi davantage d’intérêt au

financement des infrastructures, notamment celles de l’eau et de l’assainissement.

1.1.2 L’appui de la Banque au DSRP II est basé sur la Stratégie d’aide commune Banque

africaine de développement/Banque mondiale (SAC/2008-11). Dans le cadre du Pilier (iii) de

la SAC, qui porte sur la prestation des services publics dans les domaines de l’éducation, la

santé, l’eau et l’assainissement, et l’électrification rurale, la Banque a prévu de soutenir

l’alimentation en eau et l’assainissement dans le Grand Banjul et ce, au titre des 11e et 12

e

FAD. Le montant des fonds requis pour le projet devait être déterminé ultérieurement. En

2010, le gouvernement gambien a adressé à la Banque un courrier dans lequel il a souligné sa

préférence pour le financement du projet d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement dans les

zones rurales plutôt que dans le Grand Banjul, qui est une zone urbaine. Ledit courrier a été

suivi d’un autre daté de mars 2011, confirmant cette intention de passer de l’alimentation en

eau en zone urbaine à la zone rurale. Le présent projet est donc basé sur cette requête. La

stratégie d’aide commune en cours arrive à terme en décembre 2011 et une mission conjointe

BAD/Banque mondiale se rendra en Gambie au cours du quatrième trimestre 2011 pour des

consultations en vue de la deuxième SAC.

2

1.1.3 Le RWSSP soutient essentiellement le pilier III du deuxième DSRP et le pilier I de

la SAC (point ii), qui visent à améliorer la couverture en services sociaux de base (eau et

assainissement notamment) et les besoins en protection sociale des personnes démunies et

vulnérables. Le projet permettra de réaliser les objectifs de ce pilier et d’accroître le nombre

de personnes ayant accès à l’eau potable et aux services d’assainissement dans les zones

rurales, et de répondre ainsi aux besoins humains fondamentaux de la population. Il

contribuera en outre à la réduction de la pauvreté. Le projet est donc conforme à la SAC.

1.2 Justification de la participation de la Banque

1.2.1 Plus de 60 %1 de la population gambienne est pauvre. Cette proportion comprend

63 % de femmes qui souffrent plus que les autres de la pauvreté. Sur les décès des moins de

cinq ans, 20 % sont liés au manque d’eau et d’assainissement. Selon les estimations, le taux

de mortalité des moins de cinq ans en milieu rural est de 36 % plus élevé que dans les zones

urbaines. Les personnes vivant dans les zones cibles du projet sont pour la plupart tributaires

de puits peu profonds et sources non améliorés et généralement contaminés. Dans certaines

zones, l’eau a une forte teneur en fer et en manganèse. En outre, du fait des mauvaises

pratiques d’hygiène, l’eau se contamine énormément (à 79 % selon les estimations) durant la

manipulation et le stockage, d’où l’importance du projet d’amélioration de la source d’eau.

1.2.2 Les principales contraintes en ce qui concerne le secteur de l’eau sont, entre autres,

la nécessité d’assurer un développement et une gestion durables des ressources en eau pour

permettre de satisfaire les fortes demandes d’eau et services d’assainissement pour les

besoins domestiques et autres usages, face à l’accroissement des prélèvements, au

changement et à la variabilité climatiques, ainsi qu’à l’urbanisation. Pour relever ce défi, le

secteur met essentiellement l’accent sur : i) la mise en œuvre de la Politique nationale de

l’eau ; ii) le renforcement des capacités humaines et des infrastructures des institutions du

secteur, pour leur permettre d’accomplir leurs missions ; et iii) l’autonomisation des

communautés afin d’assurer leur participation effective à la gestion de l’eau. Les réformes

actuellement en cours dans le secteur de l’eau en Gambie s’articulent autour de ces priorités,

et la participation de la Banque à ce stade vise à aider le gouvernement à faire face à ces

problèmes.

1.2.3 En outre, l’intervention de la Banque dans le secteur de l’eau et de l’assainissement

en milieu rural en Gambie est fondée sur la riche expérience qu’elle a acquise sur des projets

similaires financés dans la région dans le cadre de l’IAEAR. La Banque fait partie des

principaux bailleurs de fonds de l’AEAR en Afrique et le projet proposé renforcera et

consolidera davantage les acquis de projets similaires antérieurs et en cours dans la région.

1.2.4 L’objectif du projet proposé est conforme aux stratégies pertinentes de la Banque

qui suivent : la Stratégie à moyen terme (SMT) (centrée sur l’infrastructure et la

gouvernance), la Stratégie d’aide commune pour la Gambie (2008-2011) et la Politique de

gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE). Enfin, il est conforme à l’IAEAR et participe

à l’engagement de la Banque d’aider les États membres à atteindre les OMD concernant

l’alimentation en eau et l’assainissement. Le projet figure également dans la SAC parmi les

opérations qu’il est prévu de bénéficier dans le cadre du cycle de prêts en cours (12e FAD).

1 Rapport MIC (2006)

3

1.3 Coordination des bailleurs de fonds

Observations sur la coordination des bailleurs de fonds :

1.3.1 Les bailleurs de fonds susmentionnés ont soutenu la Gambie au cours des dix

dernières années. Il n’existe pour le moment aucun mécanisme formel de coordination des

bailleurs de fonds dans le secteur de l’eau et les donateurs, tout comme le gouvernement, se

contentent d’une coordination informelle, généralement ponctuelle, et par conséquent faible.

Par le passé, l’UNICEF a aidé le DWR a mettre sur pied un Groupe de travail sur l’eau et

l’assainissement (WSWG) qui servait de plateforme pour le partage et la coordination des

informations. Le Groupe de travail n’est plus opérationnel depuis six ans environ. Bien qu’il

n’ait pas été constitué dans le cadre de la politique de coordination de l’aide au pays, le

WSWG a joué un rôle capital dans la gestion de la coordination du secteur. Le MoFEA a

maintenant créé une cellule de coordination de l’aide qui aidera les ministères sectoriels,

notamment celui de l’eau, à établir des mécanismes de coordination de l’aide. Le présent

projet financera la redynamisation du groupe de travail WSS, ce qui constituera un premier

pas vers une coordination formelle du secteur. Le Département des ressources en eau sera

chargé de la coordination du secteur mais elle ne dispose pas pour l’heure de capacités

suffisantes pour entreprendre ce travail. Le projet devra donc aider au renforcement de

capacités, requis pour assumer cette fonction.

II. DESCRIPTION DU PROJET

2.1. Composantes du projet

Le développement du secteur de l’eau vise, en général, à assurer une « gestion efficace et

durable des ressources en eau et à améliorer la gestion du risque climatique, afin de soutenir

le développement socioéconomique et la protection environnementale en Gambie ».

Secteur ou sous-

secteur* Taille

PIB Exportations Main d’œuvre

Eau et assainissement s.o. s.o. s.o.

Acteurs – Dépenses publiques annuelles (2002-2012)**

Gouvernement Donateurs

Mill d’UC 1,5 32,2

% 4 % 96 %

Niveau de coordination des bailleurs de fonds

Existence de groupes de travail thématiques N

Existence de SWAP ou approches sectorielles intégrées N

Participation de la BAD à la coordination des bailleurs de fonds*** Néant

* du mieux possible ** Années [A1 à A2] *** pour ce secteur ou sous-secteur

**** L: Chef, M: membre mais pas chef, Néant : non participation

JICA 37 %

BID 11 %

BAD 9 %

CE 23 %

Fonds saoudien 16 %

UNDESA 3 %

Autres 1 %

4

L’objectif du projet est d’accroître l’accès à l’eau potable et à un assainissement amélioré

dans les zones rurales du pays, portant le taux d’accès à l’eau d’environ 70 % actuellement à

72 %, et à l’assainissement, de 40 % à 44 %, d’ici à 2015. Ainsi, dans les zones rurales,

65 000 personnes supplémentaires auront accès à l’eau potable et à un assainissement

amélioré.

Tableau 2.1

Composantes du projet

N° Titre de la composante

Coût estimatif

(millions d’UC)

Description de la composante

1. Structures

d’alimentation en eau et

d’assainissement

3,15

Structures d’alimentation

en eau - Travaux

18 nouveaux forages manuels (6-8 pouces de diamètre),

permettant de fournir de l’eau courante à plusieurs villages et

communautés par le biais d’unités de pompage à énergie solaire

autonomes, de réservoirs surélevés, de réseaux de distribution

simples et de bornes fontaines publiques ;

Réhabilitation et modernisation de quatre installations

d’alimentation en eau par conversion en unités de pompage à

énergie solaire munies de réservoirs surélevés, réseaux de

distribution et bornes fontaines publiques.

Structures

d’assainissement -

Travaux

Installations d’assainissement dans les écoles, les centres de

santé ruraux, les marchés ;

Construction par les communautés de latrines selon l’approche

d’assainissement total piloté par la communauté (CLTS) ».

2. Renforcement

institutionnel et

renforcement des

capacités/formation

0,67

Services

Redynamisation et renforcement de la coordination en matière

d’AEAR et introduction de revues sectorielles conjointes. Ceci

servira de base à l’élaboration d’un programme national pour le

secteur de l’eau,

Élaboration de plans d’exploitation et d’entretien

Développement des capacités et formation (DWR, DCD,

régions, communautés), mobilisation.

Biens Fourniture d’un appui logistique et de matériels.

3. Promotion et éducation

à l’hygiène 0,48

Services

Sensibilisation aux questions de santé publique et promotion de

l’hygiène ;

Promotion de l’hygiène et sensibilisation dans les écoles ;

Promotion de l’approche CLTS

État des lieux de l’assainissement dans les zones rurales.

Équipement

Biens

Reproduction des documents sur l’assainissement et éducation à

l’hygiène ;

4 Gestion du projet 0,65

Frais de fonctionnement

personnel CGP, frais de fonctionnement et logistiques

E&E

Audits

2.2 Solution technique retenue et autres alternatives explorées

2.2.1 Le projet a examiné quelques options, en tenant compte des ressources en eau

disponibles, de diverses technologies, des investissements requis et des coûts d’exploitation

et d’entretien, de la disponibilité de pièces de rechange, ainsi que des besoins en personnel.

En ce qui concerne le projet, le travail sera centré sur les sources d’eau potable et

5

l’assainissement. Les solutions techniques retenues visent donc à s’assurer que le projet

parvienne aux résultats prévus dans l’étude conceptuelle initiale réalisée par le GoTG. La

solution technologique découle également de l’expérience du pays concernant celle-ci, de

l’acceptabilité de la technologie par les utilisateurs et de leur capacité à l’acquérir et, enfin,

du coût de la solution ainsi que des pratiques en termes d’exploitation et d’entretien.

2.2.2 Pour l’alimentation en eau, les solutions techniques retenues sont basées sur des

options testées et fonctionnelles pour les sources d’alimentation en eau potable : systèmes

multi-villages à énergie solaire, forages, réseau de stockage et de distribution, etc., qui sont

courants en Gambie. Il s’agit des systèmes de puits manuels (de 6 à 8 pouces de diamètre) qui

fournissent de l’eau courante aux grandes communautés (1 000 à 5 000 personnes) ou à plus

d’un village (système multi-villages). L’autre option explorée a été la réalisation de forages et

de puits munis de pompes à main simples, mais elle a été abandonnée pour deux raisons :

i) elle n’est pas économiquement faisable dans de nombreuses régions du pays étant donné

que l'eau souterraine est très profonde et que son niveau fluctue énormément, et ii) dans les

zones qui s’y prêtaient, cette technologie a été utilisée pour les sources d’eau dans le cadre

d’un projet financé par la Banque islamique de développement.

2.2.3 La composante Assainissement mettra l’accent sur l’approche d’assainissement total

piloté par la communauté (CLTS), le marketing social de l’assainissement, la promotion du

lavage des mains dans les écoles et les communautés, et l’évaluation des impacts. Le CLTS

est une approche communautaire dont l’objectif sera de faire cesser les défécations dans la

nature en recourant à la pression sociale/par les pairs et à l’éducation ; une action

communautaire collective qui permettra d’aider les personnes vulnérables et de protéger les

installations publiques. L’on encouragera l’utilisation dans les écoles et les lieux publics des

latrines VIP qui sont sûres et hygiéniques.

Tableau 2.2

Autres options considérées et raison de leur rejet

Intitulé de l’option

alternative Brève description Raisons du rejet

Systèmes de pompage à

hydrocarbure

Forages dotés de systèmes de

pompage au diesel

Option à la fois très coûteuse et nuisible à

l’environnement.

Pompes à main Puits forés ou creusés à la main

munis de pompes à main

Ne convient pas aux grandes collectivités qui sont

les cibles du présent projet. Faibles taux de

recharge et problèmes concernant la qualité de

l’eau.

2.3 Type de projet

La présente proposition d’appui à l’AEAR en Gambie est une opération autonome conçue

pour aider le Gouvernement gambien à atteindre ses objectifs pour le secteur. Le GoTG

prévoit d’adopter à l’avenir une approche-programme pour la mise en place de services

d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement dans toutes les zones urbaines et rurales du pays.

Ceci devrait se faire au terme des réformes actuellement en cours dans le secteur de l’eau,

soutenues par la Banque au travers de la Facilité africaine de l’eau (FAE).

6

2.4 Coût du projet et modalités de financement

2.4.1 Le coût total du projet est estimé à 4,95 millions d’UC, taxes et droits non compris,

dont 3,55 millions d’UC (72 %) en devises et 1,4 million d’UC (28 %) en monnaie locale. Le

tableau 2.3 ci-après présente un résumé du coût du projet par composante. Les estimations de

coûts sont tirées du document actualisé de l’Étude de base réalisée par le gouvernement,

tandis que les taux unitaires ont été obtenus auprès des fournisseurs et des entrepreneurs,

mais elles découlent également de l’expérience acquise ces dernières années sur des projets

similaires en cours dans le pays et dans la région. Les estimations comprennent une provision

de 5 % pour les aléas d’exécution et de 2 % par an pour la hausse des prix.

Tableau 2.3

Coûts estimatifs du projet par composante [montants équivalents en UC]

Composantes UC

N° Devises Monnaie

locale Coût total % devises % de base

1 Structures d’alimentation en eau

et d’assainissement 2 310 000 577 500 2 887 500 80 % 58 %

2 Renforcement institutionnel et

renforcement des

capacités/formation 484 890 121 222 606 113 80 % 12 %

3 Promotion et éducation à

l’hygiène 322 500 80 625 403 125 80 % 8 %

4 Gestion du projet 82 255 486 709 568 964 14 % 11 %

Total coût de base 3 199 645 1 266 056 4 465 701

Aléas d’exécution (5 %) 177 332.10 70 167 247 500 72 % 5 %

Hausse des prix (2 %) 169 665 67 134 236 799 72 % 5 %

Total coût du projet 3 546 642 1 403 358 4 950 000 72 % 100 %

N.B. : Les taux de change sont indiqués dans la partie introductive du présent rapport (page (i)).

2.4.2 La Banque financera les coûts d’investissement du projet, tandis que le

gouvernement et les communautés prendront en charge les coûts administratifs, de

construction, d’exploitation et d’entretien des installations. La répartition indicative des fonds

alloués au projet est présentée dans le tableau 2.4 ci-après.

Tableau 2.4

Plan de financement du projet [équivalents en milliers d’UC]

Milliers d’UC

% du

total

Source Devise Monnaie locale Total 1. FAD 820 290 1 110 22,43 2. Fonds fiduciaire

IAEAR 2 725 855 3 580 72,32

3. GoTG - 150 150 3,03

4. Communautés - 110 110 2,22

Total 3 545 1 405 4 950 100

7

Le coût du projet par catégorie de dépenses est présenté dans le tableau 2.5 ci-dessous.

Tableau 2.5

Coût du projet par catégorie de dépenses [équivalents en milliers d’UC]

Catégories de dépenses En milliers d’UC

Devise Monnaie

locale Total coûts % Devise

A. Travaux 1 528 359 1 887 81 B. Biens 838 114 952 88 C. Services 471 575 1 046 45 D. Divers 134 447 581 23

Total coût de base 2 971 1 495 4 466

Aléas d’exécution 177 70 247 72

Hausse des prix 170 67 237 72

Total coût du

projet 3 318 1 632 4 950 67

Le calendrier des dépenses par composante est présenté au tableau 2.6 ci-dessous.

Tableau 2.6

Calendrier des dépenses par composante [équivalents en UC]

UC

Composantes 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total

1 Infrastructures d’alimentation en

eau et d’assainissement 57 750 1 155 000 1 010 625 664 125 2 887 500

2 Renforcement institutionnel et

renforcement des

capacités/formation

181 834 212 139 121 223 90 917 606 113

3 Promotion et éducation à l’hygiène 60 469 141 094 120 938 80 625 403 125

4 Cadre de gestion du projet 113 793 170 689 170 689 113 793 568 964

Total coût de base 413 845 1 678 922 1 423 474 949 460 4 465 701

Aléas d’exécution (5 %) 22 936 93 050 78 892 52 621 247 500

Hausse des prix (2 %) 89 314 81 037 47 459 18 989 236 799

Total coût du projet 526 096 1 853 009 1 549 825 1 021 070 4 950 000

2.5 Domaine d’intervention et bénéficiaires du projet

Le projet sera mis en œuvre dans l’ensemble des régions rurales du pays, à savoir : North

Bank, Central River, Western Central, Upper River et Lower River Division. Il touchera,

selon les estimations, 65 000 personnes dans 22 villages qui souffrent actuellement d’un

déficit de services. Bien que le projet soit très étalé géographiquement, la Gambie reste un

petit pays et la gestion de la supervision ne devrait pas poser problème. La liste des villages

visés par le projet a été fournie par le Département des ressources en eau. Les agences

gouvernementales au niveau central et régional, le secteur privé et la société civile, qui

participeront à la mise en œuvre, bénéficieront indirectement du projet. Le personnel des

agences gouvernementales recevra une formation dans des domaines pertinents de la gestion

8

d’un projet ; le secteur privé participera à la construction et assurera la fourniture de biens et

services, tandis que société civile et ONG offriront des services liés, entre autres, à la

formation et à la mobilisation. Le projet permettra au gouvernement d’atteindre son objectif

concernant la réalisation des buts des OMD relatifs à l’alimentation en eau et à

l’assainissement, et induira une baisse significative des maladies d’origine hydrique ; il

améliorera l’assiduité scolaire et le maintien à l’école (des filles principalement), et accroîtra

le temps productif de la population cible (celui des femmes notamment) du fait de l’économie

qui sera réalisée sur le temps consacré à aller chercher de l’eau. La liste des villages choisis

est présentée à l’annexe technique C).

2.6 Processus participatif mis en œuvre pour l’identification, la

conception et l’exécution du projet

Les missions d’identification/de préparation et d’évaluation de la Banque ont largement

échangé avec les parties prenantes, du gouvernement central jusqu’aux communautés. Ont été

consultés : les décideurs dans certaines agences gouvernementales, des fonctionnaires locaux

et de la santé, les groupes communautaires bénéficiaires, les comités de l’eau des villages et

des ONG. Le processus consultatif était important pour permettre aux parties prenantes de

donner leur avis sur le projet, et aussi de prendre en compte leurs points de vue dans la

conception. Dans le cadre de ce processus, la mission a entrepris des visites en vue de valider

les données et les informations recueilles au niveau du gouvernement central, et d’évaluer le

degré de participation des bénéficiaires potentiels. Il a été souligné, et confirmé par les

communautés, que la sélection des sites s’est effectuée de manière participative, toutes les

parties prenantes y ayant pris part, et que les villages et les sites ont été choisis sur la base de

critères très clairs, définis par le gouvernement, qui sont : i) communautés de plus de 1 000

membres ; ii) entretien satisfaisant d’autres infrastructures publiques par le passé ;

iii) capacité des villageois à effectuer avant le démarrage du forage, le dépôt d’une somme de

25 000 dalasis au moins (soit 853 USD) au titre du fonds d’entretien ; iv) disponibilité des

villageois à fournir des terres pour le forage, le panneau solaire et les réservoirs ; v) les

villages séparés par une distance n’excédant pas 1,5 km sont regroupés et alimentés par un

même système.

Le processus consultatif a également permis de recueillir les points de vue suivants, qui ont

été pris en compte dans la conception du projet : i) prévoir des installations d’assainissement

là où se tiennent les « loomos2; ii) mettre en œuvre des composantes spécifiques du projet par

le biais des ministères pertinents ; ainsi, les composantes Assainissement et Promotion et

éducation à l’hygiène seront mises par le biais du ministère de la Santé et de celui du

Développement communautaire, respectivement, iii) redynamiser le Groupe de travail eau et

assainissement, plutôt que d’entamer un nouveau processus de développement et

d’amélioration de la coordination dans le secteur. La mission d’évaluation comprenait un

atelier des parties prenantes de l’AEAR de deux jours pendant lesquels les conclusions et les

recommandations de la mission ont été présentées pour validation.

2.7 Expériences du Groupe de la Banque, enseignements pris en compte dans

la conception du projet

2.7.1 Le portefeuille du Groupe de la Banque en Gambie compte à ce jour 63 opérations

approuvées, pour un engagement total net d’environ 236,98 millions d’UC. L’engagement en

2 Loomos : marchés hebdomadaires qui attirent les habitants d’un certain nombre de villages.

9

ce qui concerne les opérations en cours se chiffre à 42,6 millions d’UC au total (hors

opérations multinationales) avec un taux de décaissement de 50,4 % au 1er

mars 2011.

2.7.2 Le secteur de l’eau de Gambie a bénéficié ces dix dernières années du soutien d’un

certain nombre de bailleurs de fonds dont la BID, l’UE, la JICA, la BAD et le Fonds

saoudien. Les leçons tirées des projets mis en œuvre par ces bailleurs de fonds (indiqués entre

parenthèses à la fin de chaque leçon) et des projets de la Banque déjà achevés, sont les

suivantes :

(i) Soutien aux politiques et aux réformes : La Gambie met actuellement en

œuvre dans le secteur de l’eau, des réformes visant à assurer « une gestion

efficace et durable des ressources en eau afin de soutenir le développement

socioéconomique et la protection environnementale en Gambie ». Ces

réformes, basées sur la Politique nationale de l’eau (2006), sont mises en

œuvre par le biais du « Projet national de réforme du secteur de l’eau » financé

par la Banque et approuvé en 2010. Les conditions préalables au premier

décaissement dudit projet étaient à peine satisfaites quand a été effectuée

l’évaluation du présent projet (septembre 2011). Les réalisations attendues du

projet sont : i) l’amélioration de la gestion des ressources en eau sur la base du

système GIRE adopté par le pays ; et ii) le renforcement de la capacité de la

Gambie à assurer la gestion des ressources en eau de la nation (BAD - 2011).

(ii) Le Projet ISPEEG financé par la Banque (2006-2010) a fait ressortir que les

différents soutiens au renforcement institutionnel et des capacités ne peuvent

être viables que s’ils s’inscrivent dans les réformes politiques du

gouvernement. Le projet proposé soutient la Politique nationale de l’eau

(2006) et les Réformes du secteur de l’eau, en centrant la mise en œuvre dans

des structures définies et en décentralisant la planification et la mise en œuvre

(Projet ISPEEG de la BAD - 2010).

(iii) Réduction du nombre d’indicateurs utilisés : Promouvoir l’utilisation

d’indicateurs essentiels en réduisant au mieux leur nombre, étant donné la

faiblesse des capacités existantes et les inefficacités opérationnelles (BAD -

2009).

(iv) Viabilité des infrastructures : Il est important de disposer d’une stratégie et

d’un plan clairs en ce qui concerne l’exploitation et l’entretien des

infrastructures d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural.

L’introduction de frais d’utilisation (s’agissant de l’eau potable et des latrines

publiques) basés sur le coût total d’exploitation et d’entretien des installations,

ainsi que la nécessité de disposer de plans d’E&E sont essentiels pour assurer

une viabilité durable des infrastructures. Le projet apportera un appui à

l’élaboration de plans E&E, qui comprendront également des modalités de

gestion des frais d’utilisation qui seront imposés pour ces installations (BDI-

2008).

(v) Utilisation des avantages comparatifs institutionnels : L’on s’est aperçu que le

moyen le plus judicieux et le plus efficace pour atteindre les buts définis en

matière de couverture en eau est de classer les besoins en eau dans les zones

rurales par ordre de priorité dans l’hypothèse d’une institution décentralisée

(planification décentralisée) et une mise en œuvre par le DWR (mise en œuvre

centralisée). Cette approche combine les avantages comparatifs d’une prise de

décision décentralisée et la force technique du DWR (Projet UE - 2010).

10

(vi) Intégration de la promotion de l’assainissement et de l’hygiène aux projets

d’alimentation en eau. La composante Promotion de l’alimentation en eau, de

l’assainissement et de l’hygiène, qui constitue l’élément clé du projet, sera

mise en œuvre en tant que composante distincte. Toutes les installations

d’assainissement seront fournies, accompagnées d’installations d’alimentation

en eau et de lavage des mains (Projet UE - 2010)

(vii) Simplification des conditions préalables au premier décaissement afin

d’accélérer le démarrage du projet (BAD).

2.8 Indicateurs clés de performance

2.8.1 Les indicateurs clés de performance du projet sont présentés dans le cadre logique

axé sur les résultats. Les progrès dans la mise en œuvre seront mesurés régulièrement par

divers moyens, notamment les missions de supervision semestrielles de la Banque, les

rapports d’activité trimestriels et les rapports d’audit technique et financier. La CGP sera

chargée de recueillir et d’analyser les informations sur le projet afin d’en suivre la

performance.

2.8.2 Les principaux indicateurs définis pour le suivi de l’impact du projet ont été

élaborés conjointement avec le Gouvernement gambien et validé au cours d’un atelier d’un

jour des parties prenantes de l’AEAR, qui s’est tenu le 12 août 2011. Ces indicateurs

prennent également en compte les indicateurs sectoriels clés (ISC) de la Banque, qui

comprennent : l’accès à l’alimentation en eau et à l’assainissement ; la fonctionnalité des

installations et les institutions de gestion au niveau communautaire ; la qualité de l’eau ; la

représentation féminine ; et le nombre de personnes formées aux bonnes pratiques d’hygiène

(ventilées par genre).

III. FAISABILITÉ DU PROJET

3.1 Performance économique et financière

Tableau C.1 : Données économiques et financières clés

TRE 21,48 % 2,34 millions d’USD

NB : Les calculs détaillés sont présentés à l’annexe B7

3.1.1 Le projet est économiquement viable ainsi qu’il ressort des indicateurs

susmentionnés. Les hypothèses qui ont servi de base au calcul du TRE sont présentées à

l’annexe B7. La principale hypothèse est basée sur le coût de l’investissement, de

l’exploitation et de l’entretien, ainsi que du réinvestissement durant la vie du projet. Les

retombées économiques du projet comprennent la bonne santé qui résultera de la baisse des

maladies d’origine hydrique, l’économie de temps, l’amélioration générale des conditions de

santé, et l’augmentation de la productivité.

3.1.2 Le projet comporte d’autres avantages économiques substantiels, notamment des

avantages environnementaux et sociaux qui n’ont pu être quantifiés par manque de données.

La plupart des installations du projet devraient tenir jusqu’au terme de leur vie économique.

Les valeurs résiduelles seront par conséquent insignifiantes et n’auront pas d’impact sur

l’évaluation du TRE du projet. Ainsi, par prudence, aucune valeur résiduelle n’a été retenue

dans le calcul du TRE au terme de la durée de vie du projet.

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3.2 Impact environnemental et social

3.2.1 Environnement

Le projet a été classé en catégorie 2 conformément à l’ESAP, et il a été validé par ORQR 3

en avril 2011. Les infrastructures du projet comprennent : i) la réalisation de forages qui

seront équipés de pompes à énergie solaire ; ii) la réhabilitation/modernisation des systèmes

existants en vue de leur conversion à l’énergie solaire ; et iii) la construction de latrines. Ces

installations sont construites sur une multitude de sites dont aucun ne se trouve dans des

zones protégées ou vulnérables. Le projet ne comporte pas d’impacts négatifs et la plupart

des impacts identifiés seront temporaires et de courte durée durant la construction (émissions

de particules atmosphériques, pollution par le bruit, etc.). En outre, tous les impacts, y

compris ceux permanents (l’installation des infrastructures du réservoir d’eau ) seront

atténués par la mise en œuvre du PGES relatif à chaque site.

En Gambie, la législation n’impose aucune autorisation mais un PGES a été élaboré

conformément à la politique de la Banque. Celui-ci sera disponible d’ici la présentation du

projet au Conseil d’administration. L’Agence environnementale nationale gambienne

assurera le suivi de la mise en œuvre du projet. Le PGES sera donc finalisé conjointement

avec elle. Il sera validé par la Banque et transmis à ORQR pour validation avant sa

publication.

3.2.2 Changement climatique

Le projet peut être positif au plan du changement climatique par l’adaptation des initiatives à

la variabilité du changement climatique. Le projet atténuera les effets du changement

climatique n’utilisant que la technologie de l’énergie solaire dans les systèmes de pompage

de l’eau. Si possible, le projet n’utilisera que des engins (véhicules compris) à faible émission

atmosphérique. L’utilisation de l’énergie solaire pour le pompage de l’eau et l’association de

plantes vertes aux infrastructures devraient neutraliser l’infime participation du projet au

changement climatique. Les effets pervers de la hausse des températures et de la baisse des

précipitations (recharge des nappes phréatiques), et l’accroissement des déficits en

évapotranspiration peuvent affecter le projet. L’impact éventuel du projet sur le climat peut

être supprimé par l’utilisation, à titre pilote, de latrines écologiques.

3.2.3 Genre

Le projet veillera à ce que les questions de genre soient prises en compte dans l’ensemble de

ses activités. Ceci se traduira par un souci d’équilibre dans la représentation des hommes et

des femmes dans les activités du projet, et dans la fourniture d’installations d’alimentation en

eau et d’assainissement spécifiquement adaptées aux femmes et aux filles. En Gambie,

comme dans la plupart des pays membres régionaux, le poids du déficit en structures

d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement repose de manière disproportionnée et plus

lourdement sur les femmes et les filles, à qui incombe traditionnellement la corvée de l’eau

pour les besoins du ménage. Elles sont également moins représentées au sein des instances de

prise de décision des différents secteurs. Durant la mobilisation et la formation

communautaires, le projet veillera à ce que la participation et la représentation féminines

soient de 50 % au moins. Le projet organisera également des formations à l’intention des

femmes pour leur permettre de participer effectivement aux activités des comités de

développement des villages (VDC), et notamment d’occuper des postes de responsabilité.

Leur sécurité, intimité, dignité et santé devraient s’améliorer avec la fourniture d’installations

d’eau et d’assainissement ergonomiques dans les écoles, les marchés et les ménages. La

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disponibilité de facilités adéquates contribuera à l’amélioration de l’assiduité scolaire et à

l’augmentation des revenus. Tout ceci conduira à l’autonomisation socioéconomique des

femmes, améliorant ainsi leurs conditions de vie.

3.2.4 Questions sociales

Le déficit en installations d’eau et d’assainissement est à l’origine de plus de 20 % des décès

d’enfants de moins de 5 ans dans les zones rurales du pays. Si le présent projet est mis en

œuvre avec succès, l’on devrait enregistrer une hausse des taux de survie des enfants aux

maladies d’origine hydrique telles que la diarrhée, la dysenterie, le choléra et autres.

L’incidence du paludisme et des diarrhées chez les moins de 5 ans devrait reculer de 50 %

d’ici à 2015, et ce, par rapport aux niveaux actuels qui sont de 21 % et 24 % respectivement.

Le projet peut également agir sur l’impact du VIH/sida en réduisant les risques d’infections

opportunistes liées à l’eau et, aussi, au travers des campagnes de sensibilisation aux questions

de santé publique qui seront organisées dans le cadre de la promotion de l’assainissement et

de l’hygiène.

Le projet aura un impact positif sur l’éducation en ce sens qu’il : i) améliorera l’assiduité des

filles à l’école et leur maintien dans le système scolaire jusqu’à la 12ème

année (le taux

d’abandon est actuellement de 60 % à la 9ème

année et de 26 % à la 12ème

année), en les

dégageant de la corvée de l’eau pour les besoins domestiques, une responsabilité qui leur

incombe traditionnellement ; et permettra de disposer d’installations d’assainissement dans

les écoles ; ii) attirera les enseignants vers les communautés rurales du fait de la disponibilité

d’installations d’eau potable et d’assainissement, ce qui améliorera les résultats scolaires ; et

iii) permettra d’avoir des élèves en meilleure santé pour les études.

Le projet offrira des possibilités d’emploi aux ouvriers et artisans non qualifiés dans les

communautés d’autant plus qu’il s’est engagé à utiliser la main-d’œuvre communautaire

locale pour la construction des installations d’eau et d’assainissement et ce, en accord avec

les entrepreneurs. Le renforcement des capacités d’environ 120 volontaires communautaires

en construction de toilettes permettra à ceci d’être formés. La formation en gestion et en

comptabilité financière prévue pour les VDC et les membres des comités de l’eau dans le

cadre du projet améliorera les capacités des communautés à gérer les installations de

développement communautaire.

3.2.5 Réinstallation involontaire

Les activités du projet ne devraient pas entraîner de réinstallation involontaire.

IV. MISE EN ŒUVRE

4.1 Modalités de mise en œuvre

4.1.1 Modalités de mise en œuvre – Le projet utilisera pour sa mise en œuvre les

structures gouvernementales existantes et prendra en compte les leçons et l’expérience

acquise dans le cadre d’opérations similaires réalisées en Gambie et dans la région. Le don

FAD et le don du Fonds fiduciaire IAEAR seront accordés au GoTG, tandis que l’exécution

du projet sera assurée par le ministère de la Pêche, des Ressources en eau et des Questions

concernant l’Assemblée nationale (MofWRNAM). La mise en œuvre incombera au

Département des ressources en eau (DWR) du MofWRNAM. Il déléguera ce rôle à la cellule

de gestion de projet existante, financée par la BDI. Trois autres fonctionnaires (un ingénieur

en adduction d’eau en milieu rural, un spécialiste des questions sociales et d’assainissement,

et un spécialiste du suivi-évaluation) viendront s’ajouter aux quatre fonctionnaires qui

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composent actuellement la CGP. Tous les membres de la cellule seront engagés

individuellement en qualité de consultants locaux, conformément aux règles de la Banque. Le

projet utilisera un comité de pilotage de projet qui assure actuellement la supervision du

projet financé par la BDI, et qui sera reconverti en Comité national de pilotage (CNP). Celui-

ci assurera la coordination des politiques durant la mise en œuvre du projet, et ses membres

émaneront des institutions suivantes : MoFWRNAM, DWR, ministère des Affaires

financières et économiques, bureau du Président, ministère des Administrations locales et des

Terres, Agence nationale de l’environnement, Bureau des femmes, ministère de la Santé et du

Bien-être social, et l’Association des organisations non gouvernementales (TANGO). Le

CNP se réunira trimestriellement. Il sera créé un Comité consultatif technique (CCT) dont le

rôle consistera à fournir des orientations techniques à la CGP et à assurer la qualité.

4.1.2 Au niveau régional et communautaire, le projet sera mis en œuvre par le biais des

structures décentralisées des administrations locales (conseils régionaux), des comités de

développement des quartiers et des villages. Les conseils régionaux sont chargés de la

planification, de la mobilisation des ressources, de la création de la demande, de la prestation

des services ; du soutien aux communautés et aux ménages. Ils devront également élaborer et

faire appliquer les ordonnances et autres lois pertinentes. Ils bénéficieront dans ce sens, du

soutien du comité technique de district. Au niveau des quartiers, l’appui technique est assuré

par une équipe de facilitateurs pluridisciplinaire (MDTF) et les comités WATSAN.

4.1.3 Gestion financière – La CGP sera chargée de la tenue des livres et des comptes du

projet, qui feront ressortir tous les détails financiers requis, notamment les dépenses par

composante et par catégorie/activité. Elle devra également, durant la mise en œuvre, établir et

soumettre des rapports financiers trimestriels intérimaires non vérifiés (IUFR), en fonction

des besoins. Le ministère (organe d’exécution) sera chargé de préparer et de soumettre les

demandes de retrait auprès de la Banque. Un vérificateur des comptes externe indépendant,

acceptable pour le Fonds, réalisera les audits financiers et techniques annuels du projet, une

prestation prévue dans le coût du projet.

4.1.4 Acquisition des biens, travaux et services – Toute acquisition de biens, travaux et

services financée par le Fonds se fera conformément aux règles et procédures du Fonds pour

l’acquisition des biens et des travaux (édition de mai 2008) ou, selon le cas, à ses règles et

procédures pour l’utilisation des consultants (édition de mai 2008), en utilisant les

documents-types d’appel d’offres appropriés de la Banque. L’acquisition des biens, travaux,

services de consultants, formation, coûts de fonctionnement et divers incombera à la cellule

de gestion du projet (CGP). Une évaluation de la capacité de la CGP à assurer la passation

des marchés dans le cadre de l’intervention du FAD a été réalisée. Il en est ressorti que la

cellule a besoin d’être renforcée. Pour combler cette lacune, un chargé de la passation des

marchés expérimenté sera recruté pour une courte durée par le biais d’un processus

compétitif, assorti de termes de référence acceptables pour le FAD, en vue de mettre en

œuvre pour le compte de la cellule, toutes les activités liées à l’acquisition des biens, travaux

et services. L’annexe technique B5 fournit des détails concernant la liste des acquisitions à

effectuer, les règles et procédures pour l’acquisition des biens, des services de consultants, et

de la formation, ainsi que les procédures de revue en vigueur de la Banque.

4.1.5 Décaissement – Il est envisagé de décaisser le don combiné FAD et Fonds fiduciaire

IAEAR sur les quatre ans que durera le projet, soit de janvier 2012 à décembre 2015.

L’organe d’exécution devra ouvrir auprès d’une banque acceptable pour le FAD, un compte

spécial sur lequel seront déposés les produits du don. L’ouverture du compte spécial est une

condition préalable au premier décaissement. Toute demande de décaissement sera

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obligatoirement accompagnée d’un calendrier des activités pour les 12 prochains mois, ainsi

que des justificatifs des dépenses effectuées sur les précédents décaissements. En ce qui

concerne les marchés AOI et AON groupés, et les services de consultants, les fonds seront

versés directement aux fournisseurs et à l’entrepreneur. Les autres paiements, concernant

notamment la mobilisation communautaire, la promotion et la sensibilisation à l’hygiène, et

ceux liés aux frais de fonctionnement, seront effectués par le biais du compte spécial.

4.2 Suivi

4.2.1 Le suivi du projet sera assuré par la cellule de gestion du projet, en se basant sur les

indicateurs du cadre logique axé sur les résultats du projet, et en utilisant les données et le

soutien fournis par le DWR, l’ONG qui met en œuvre la composante Promotion et

sensibilisation à l’hygiène, et d’autres entrepreneurs. Pour le suivi, l’on utilisera les

indicateurs et les sources de vérification connexes mentionnés dans le cadre logique. Ces

indicateurs seront revus au terme de chaque année. La CGP sera chargée du suivi et de

l’établissement des rapports sur la performance du projet, et elle rendra régulièrement compte

au CNP et à la Banque. La Banque assurera le suivi de la mise en œuvre à travers des

missions de supervision organisées conjointement avec le gouvernement. Le suivi se fera

également au travers des rapports d’activité trimestriels et des audits techniques et financiers

annuels. Un chargé du suivi et de l’évaluation sera nommé au sein de la CGP. Le projet a

prévu un budget pour cette activité. Les étapes clés du suivi sont présentées ci-après.

Échéancier Étape Processus de suivi / boucle de rétroaction

01/2012 Approbation du prêt Approbation du FAD/Lettre de la Banque au GoTG

06/2012 Entrée en vigueur du prêt Banque/GoTG – Lettre de la Banque au GoTG

04/2012 Mission de lancement du

projet Banque/GoTG

09/2012 Premier décaissement Banque/GoTG : Satisfaction des conditions par le

GoTG 04/2014 Revue à mi-parcours Banque/GoTG

2012-2015 Missions de supervision Banque

12/2015 Rapport d’achèvement de

projet GoTG/Banque

4.3 Gouvernance

La mise en place d’un dispositif de gestion de l’eau en Gambie est toujours en cours et il y a

lieu de le renforcer. La Politique nationale de l’eau (2006), sur laquelle reposent les réformes

en cours dans le secteur de l’eau, vise à renforcer le dispositif institutionnel et organisationnel

du secteur. L’actuel cadre juridique et de politique a beaucoup trop centralisé la prise de

décision au niveau des institutions de niveau national (DWR et NAWEC). Cependant, le

programme de décentralisation déléguera certaines fonctions de prise de décision à des

institutions de niveau inférieur et élargira la participation) à la planification et à la mise en

œuvre (au niveau communautaire et des administrations locales). Les risques pourraient

découler des décisions liées à la passation des marchés, de l’utilisation des actifs du projet, et

de la sélection du personnel à former. Ces risques seront atténués par le respect des plans de

passation des marchés détaillés qui ont été élaborés et qui seront mis à jour trimestriellement,

et l’application des règles et directives standard de la Banque. Les actifs seront utilisés

conformément aux règles appropriées de la Banque et du gouvernement. La Banque

entreprendra également la formation du personnel de la CGP dès la mission de lancement du

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projet, pour s’assurer qu’ils aient une parfaite connaissance de tous les règlements et

exigences pertinents de la Banque. Des audits financiers et techniques indépendants seront

effectués annuellement. La conformité à ces contrôles sera examinée durant les missions de

supervision.

4.4 Viabilité

4.4.1 La viabilité est essentielle à la réussite de ce projet. Le gouvernement gambien a

démontré son engagement à l’égard du secteur en général, et du projet en particulier. Les

moyens mis en œuvre pour assurer la viabilité du projet sont indiqués ci-après.

L’engagement du gouvernement à l’égard du projet est démontré dans le DSRP et dans la

vision 2020, qui tous deux considèrent l’alimentation en eau comme une priorité, et

envisagent une couverture de 100 % d’ici à 2020. Si cet engagement est tenu, les résultats du

projet seront sûrement viables.

4.4.2 La mise en œuvre sera basée sur une approche de réponse à la demande. Les parties

prenantes, notamment les collectivités, participeront aux activités du cycle du projet afin de

promouvoir un sens d’appropriation et un engagement vis-à-vis du projet. Celui-ci utilisera

une approche intégrée WASH – qui combine alimentation en eau et assainissement,

sensibilisation et mobilisation des communautés, et promeut la participation des collectivités

à l’identification et à la mise en place des installations dans leurs zones – améliore la viabilité

des services qu’offrira le programme.

4.4.3 Pour assurer la viabilité financière, il faudra veiller à ce que les communautés choisies

pour le projet contribuent aux coûts de fonctionnement des systèmes d’alimentation en eau

dans leurs zones respectives. Les travaux ne débuteront dans une zone considérée que sur

preuve de cette contribution qu’il est proposé de fixer à 25 000 GMD (soit 853 USD) en

espèces, et d’autres contributions en nature indiquées ci-après. Les communautés

bénéficiaires prendront en charge la totalité des coûts d’exploitation et d’entretien, ainsi que

la gestion des services par le biais des comités d’eau de village. Elles fourniront par ailleurs

le terrain requis pour la construction des installations ainsi que la main-d’œuvre pour le

déblai et le remblai des canalisations. Le projet aidera à l’élaboration d’une stratégie et/ou

d’un plan national d’exploitation et d’entretien.

4.4.4 La viabilité technique sera assurée par l’utilisation de technologies que le pays

maîtrise techniquement. Des systèmes d’alimentation en eau à énergie solaire ont été mis en

œuvre en Gambie ces 15 dernières années et durant cette période, le pays a entrepris des

renforcements de systèmes et de capacités tant dans le secteur public que privé. Le secteur

privé de Gambie fournit les composants solaires et assure également l’entretien des systèmes

pendant une durée de cinq ans après l’installation. Il est aussi prévu une formation des VDC

et des VWC communautaires, et des prestataires de services locaux en exploitation et

entretien des options technologiques choisies.

4.4.5 Pour assurer la viabilité environnementale, il faudrait mettre le PGES en œuvre

conformément au programme établi et associer l’Agence environnementale nationale de

Gambie au suivi.

4.5 Gestion des risques

4.5.1 Le projet suppose que i) des efforts continueront d’être déployés pour le

renforcement des capacités institutionnelles dans le secteur public gambien ; ii) le

gouvernement continuera d’apporter son appui au processus de décentralisation et à la mise

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en œuvre des réformes du secteur de l’eau ; iii) le DWR fera office d’organe d’exécution du

projet et que celui-ci trouvera un écho favorable auprès des communautés. Au nombre des

risques actuels figurent ceux qui sont répertoriés ci-après.

4.5.2 Faiblesse de capacités institutionnelles : Le risque majeur que constitue la faiblesse

des capacités institutionnelles et de mise en œuvre est atténué, premièrement, par l’utilisation

d’une cellule de gestion de projet composée de consultants individuels, qui aidera l’OE à

mettre en œuvre et à gérer le projet et, deuxièmement, par le soutien apporté à la formation à

différents niveaux de la mise en œuvre.

4.5.3 Retards dans la réforme du secteur de l’eau : Les retards et le manque d’exécution

complète des réformes pérenniseront la faiblesse de capacités institutionnelles, ce qui

compromettra la gestion du secteur et la viabilité des résultats du projet. Pour atténuer ce

risque, le projet apportera un soutien aux activités de renforcement institutionnel, de

renforcement de la gestion et des capacités qui seront organisées à différents niveaux de la

mise en œuvre.

4.5.4 Manque de coordination dans le secteur de l’eau : Cette situation empêche le

gouvernement d’assurer la bonne gestion du secteur et de mobiliser des ressources. A titre de

mesure d’atténuation, le projet aidera le gouvernement à redynamiser et à formaliser le

groupe de travail du secteur de l’eau et introduira des revues sectorielles annuelles conjointes

en vue de renforcer le développement et la coordination dans le secteur.

4.5.5 Système d’exploitation et d’entretien : L’inexistence d’une stratégie et/ou d’un plan

cadre E&E défini par le gouvernement compromet gravement l’exploitation et l’entretien des

installations d’alimentation en eau et d’assainissement dans les zones rurales. Différents

projets ont mis en place leurs propres systèmes d’exploitation et d’entretien, et il y a lieu de

les harmoniser. Pour renforcer la viabilité, le gouvernement devra soutenir le secteur privé en

améliorant l’accès du secteur aux pièces de rechange et à l’expertise technique. En guise de

mesure d’atténuation de ce risque, le projet apportera un soutien à l’élaboration d’une

stratégie et/ou d’un plan E&E qui harmonisera l’ensemble des systèmes existants, ce qui

permettra par ailleurs au secteur privé de mieux jouer son rôle dans l’exécution des tâches qui

lui incombent.

4.5.6 Résistance de la communauté à l’adoption de bonnes pratiques d’hygiène : L’on

pourrait enregistrer une certaine lenteur dans la réponse aux efforts de promotion d’une

hygiène améliorée. Pour atténuer ce risque, le projet offrira des services de promotion de

l’hygiène (lavage approprié des mains, utilisation appropriée des latrines améliorées, etc.) qui

permettent de changer durablement les comportements. En outre, il financera et encouragera

le financement par le gouvernement d’une stratégie d’éducation continue une fois le projet

achevé.

4.6 Développement des connaissances

4.6.1 Les connaissances acquises dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du présent projet

renforceront le DWR et d’autres institutions participantes à divers égards, dont les suivants :

coopération dans la mise en œuvre de projets multi-institutionnels, partage des connaissances

entre institutions participantes, capacité à gérer des processus de planification ascendante,

promotion d’une utilisation durable des installations. Les institutions de niveau inférieur des

conseils régionaux et communautaires (VDC) acquerront des connaissances et des

compétences grâce à diverses formations en planification et budgétisation participatives, et en

suivi et supervision, qui seront organisées.

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4.6.2 Les missions de lancement et de supervision de la Banque, les rapports d’activité

trimestriels et annuels, le rapport de la revue à mi-parcours, les rapports d’audits financiers et

techniques, et le rapport d’achèvement fourniront également des informations sur différents

aspects du projet, ce qui permettra d’approfondir le diagnostic. Les connaissances acquises

seront partagées au sein de la Banque et avec d’autres partenaires au développement, ainsi

qu’avec les PMR.

V. INSTRUMENTS JURIDIQUES ET POUVOIRS

5.1 Instrument juridique

5.1.1 Protocole d’accord de don : Le projet sera financé par un don FAD (1,11 million

d’UC) et un don du Fonds fiduciaire IAEAR de 4 millions d’euros (3,58 millions d’UC).

5.2 Conditions liées à l’intervention de la Banque

5.2.1 Conditions d’entrée en vigueur

L’accord de don entrera en vigueur à la date de sa signature par le gouvernement gambien et

la Banque africaine de développement.

5.2.2 Conditions préalables au premier décaissement des dons – L’obligation du Fonds

d’effectuer le premier décaissement des dons sera subordonnée à l’entrée en vigueur de cet

accord et à la preuve, jugée satisfaisante par le Fonds, que le bénéficiaire a rempli les

conditions suivantes :

(a) ouverture d’un compte spécial en devises auprès d’une banque acceptable pour le

Fonds, sur lequel seront déposés les ressources du don ; et

(b) approbation, par l’Agence environnementale nationale, du plan de gestion

environnementale et sociale (PGES) de la mise en œuvre du projet.

5.2.3 Engagements – En vertu de l’accord, le bénéficiaire s’engage à :

(a) s’assurer que le Comité national de pilotage tienne des réunions trimestrielles

et rende compte des conclusions de ces réunions dans les rapports d’activité

trimestriels soumis au Fonds ;

(b) mettre en œuvre le plan de gestion environnementale et sociale et en rendre

trimestriellement compte sous une forme acceptable pour le Fonds.

5.3 Conformité aux politiques de la Banque

(X) Le présent projet est conforme à l’ensemble des politiques en vigueur de la

Banque.

( ) Il est recommandé d’approuver les dérogations ci-après aux politiques de la

Banque. Le projet est conforme à toutes les autres politiques en vigueur de la

Banque.

Conditions non usuelles (le cas échéant) : aucune.

18

VI. RECOMMANDATION

La Direction recommande aux Conseils d’administration d’approuver la proposition d’octroi

d’un don de 4,69 millions d’UC au gouvernement gambien, aux conditions stipulées dans le

présent rapport.

Annexe I

Indicateurs socioéconomiques comparatifs

Année Gambie Afrique

Pays en

Dévelop-

pement

Pays

Déve-

loppésIndicateurs de Base Superficie ('000 Km²) 11 30 323 80 976 54 658Population totale (millions) 2011 1. 8 1 044 5 732 1 123Population urbaine (% of Total) 2010 58.9 39.9 45.1 77.3Densité de la population (au Km²) 2011 157.2 34.0 59.9 33.2Rev enu national brut (RNB) par Habitant ($ EU) 2010 456 1 565 3 304 38 657Participation de la Population Activ e - Total (%) 2011 45.7 40.1 65.6 60.7Participation de la Population Activ e - Femmes (%) 2011 46.3 41.0 51.7 52.2Valeur de l'Indice sex ospécifique de dév elop. humain 2007 0.452 0.433 0.694 0.911Indice de dév eloppement humain (rang sur 187 pay s) 2011 168 n.a n.a n.aPopulation v iv ant en dessous de $ 1 par Jour (%) 2007-09 … 42.3 25.2 …

Indicateurs Démographiques

Taux d'accroissement de la population totale (%) 2011 2.7 2.3 1.3 0.6Taux d'accroissement de la population urbaine (%) 2010 4.0 3.4 2.4 1.0Population âgée de moins de 15 ans (%) 2011 43.7 40.3 29.0 17.5Population âée de 65 ans et plus (%) 2011 2.2 3.8 6.0 15.4Taux de dépendance (%) 2010 81.6 77.6 55.4 49.2Rapport de Masculinité (hommes pour 100 femmes) 2011 97.5 99.5 93.5 94.8Population féminine de 15 à 49 ans (%) 2011 25.1 24.4 49.4 50.6Espérance de v ie à la naissance - ensemble (ans) 2011 56.9 56.0 67.1 79.8Espérance de v ie à la naissance - femmes (ans) 2011 55.7 57.1 69.1 82.7Taux brut de natalité (pour 1000) 2011 35.3 34.2 21.4 11.8Taux brut de mortalité (pour 1000) 2011 10.6 12.6 8.2 8.4Taux de mortalité infantile (pour 1000) 2011 73.1 78.6 46.9 5.8Taux de mortalité des moins de 5 ans (pour 1000) 2011 109.9 127.2 66.5 6.9Indice sy nthétique de fécondité (par femme) 2011 4.8 4.4 2.7 1.7Taux de mortalité maternelle (pour 100000) 2008 400.0 530.2 290.0 15.2Femmes utilisant des méthodes contraceptiv es (%) 2007-09 … … 61.0 …

Indicateurs de Santé et de Nutrition

Nombre de médecins (pour 100000 habitants) 2008 4.0 58.3 109.5 286.0Nombre d'infirmières (pour 100000 habitants) 2008 44.6 113.3 204.0 786.5Naissances assistées par un personnel de santé qualifié (%)2007-09 56.8 50.2 64.1 …Accès à l'eau salubre (% de la population) 2008 92.0 64.5 84.3 99.6Accès aux serv ices de santé (% de la population) 2007-09 … 65.4 80.0 100.0Accès aux serv ices sanitaires (% de la population) 2008 67.0 41.0 53.6 99.5Pourcent. d'adultes de 15-49 ans v iv ant av ec le VIH/SIDA 2007 0.9 4.9 0.9 0.3Incidence de la tuberculose (pour 100000) 2010 273.0 294.9 161.0 14.0Enfants v accinés contre la tuberculose (%) 2010 95.0 85.3 81.0 95.1Enfants v accinés contre la rougeole (%) 2010 97.0 77.9 80.7 93.0Insuffisance pondérale des moins de 5 ans (%) 2007-09 15.8 30.9 22.4 …Apport journalier en calorie par habitant 2007 2 385 2 465 2 675 3 285Dépenses publiques de santé (en % du PIB) 2008 5.3 5.7 2.9 7.4

Indicateurs d'Education

Taux brut de scolarisation au (%)

Primaire - Total 2010 82.6 100.4 107.2 101.3 Primaire - Filles 2010 83.5 90.0 109.2 101.1 Secondaire - Total 2010 54.1 37.7 62.9 100.1 Secondaire - Filles 2010 52.6 33.7 61.3 99.6Personnel enseignant féminin au primaire (% du total) 2008 33.4 41.4 60.5 81.4Alphabétisme des adultes - Total (%) 2009 46.5 65.1 80.3 98.4Alphabétisme des adultes - Hommes (%) 2009 57.6 74.3 86.0 98.7Alphabétisme des adultes - Femmes (%) 2009 35.8 56.2 74.8 98.1Dépenses d'éducation en % du PIB 2007-09 2.0 4.7 3.8 5.0

Indicateurs d'Environnement

Terres arables en % de la superficie totale 2008 39.0 7.8 10.6 10.9Taux annuel de déforestation (%) 2007-09 … 0.7 0.4 -0.2Taux annuel de reboisement (%) 2007-09 … 10.9 … …Emissions du CO2 par habitant (tonnes métriques) 2009 0.3 1.1 2.9 12.5

Source : Base des données du Département des Statistiques de la BAD; dernière mise à jour: octobre 2011

Banque Mondiale WDI; ONUSIDA; UNSD; OMS, UNICEF, WRI, PNUD, Rapports nationaux.

Notes: n.a. Non Applicable ; … : Données non disponibles.

INDICATEURS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES COMPARATIFS

Gambie

65

70

75

80

85

90

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Taux de mortalité infantile(Pour 1000 )

Gambie Afrique

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

RNB par Habitant $EU

Gambie Afr ique

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

200

3

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

201

0

201

1

Taux de croissance démographique (%)

Gambie Afrique

111213141516171

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Espérance de vie à la naissance (ans)

Gambie Afrique

Annexe II

Tableau du portefeuille de la BAD dans le pays

Liste des projets actifs (prêts et dons) par secteur :

Dernière

mission

Dernière

fin PE OD

Agriculture Don FAD Développement de l'élevage et de l 'horticulture P-GM-AA0-012 En cours 26/12/2008 09/01/2009 31/12/2014 4 020 000,00 1 053 742,14 26,21 08/03/2011 22/03/2011 2,29 2,50

Agriculture ADF Loan Diffusion du riz NERICA P-Z1-AA0-069 En cours 26/09/2003 03/11/2003 30/12/2011 1 560 000,00 1 264 010,63 81,03 12/06/2011 19/06/2011 2,07 2,75

Agriculture FSN Développement de la pêche artisanale (suppl.) P-GM-AAF-005 En cours 22/06/2009 13/07/2009 30/12/2012 5 000 000,00 2 338 759,94 46,78 27/06/2011 08/07/2011 2,64 2,75

Agriculture FEM Gestion durable des terres P-GM-AZ0-001 En cours 26/10/2010 17/12/2010 30/06/2014 2 774 449,84 227 000,44 8,18 0,00 0,00

Total Agriculture 13 354 449,84 4 883 513,15 36,57

Alimentation en eau FF FAE Appui aux réformes nationales du secteur de l'eau P-GM-EAZ-001 En cours 07/04/2010 23/07/2010 30/04/2013 1 755 596,75 353 135,40 20,11 NE NE

Total Alimentation en eau 1 755 596,75 353 135,40 20,11

Multisecteur

(Appui institutionnel) Don FAD

Appui institutionnel à la gouvernance économique

et financière P-GM-KF0-001 APVD 30/09/2011 12/10/2011 30/06/2015 2 000 000,00 0,00 0,00 NE NE

Total Multisecteur 2 000 000,00 0,00 0,00

Social (réduction de la

pauvreté et microfinance) Don FAD Promotion de l'entreprenariat et microfinance P-GM-IE0-003 En cours 15/11/2006 20/12/2006 31/12/2012 8 000 000,00 3 380 562,60 42,26 07/08/2011 16/08/2011 2,69 3,00

Total Secteur social 8 000 000,00 3 380 562,60 42,26

Total général 25 110 046,59 8 617 211,15 34,32

Secteur

État du portefeuille de la Banque en Gambie au 2 novembre 2011

Date de

signature

Date

d'approbationÉtatCode SAPOpérations

Source de

financement

Dernière mission NoteTaux

de

décais.

Montant

décaissé

Montant

approuvé

Date de

clôture

Annexe III

Principaux projets pertinents financés par la Banque et d’autres partenaires au développement dans le pays

Source de

financement Titre du projet Montant Description Période

Fonds saoudien Programme sahélo-saoudien –

Phase 4 8 millions d’USD Alimentation en eau et assainissement pour

100 000 paysans 2006-2009

Banque islamique de

développement Projet d’alimentation en eau et

d’assainissement 5,48 millions

d’USD 100 points d’eau dans 4 divisions 2009-2012

CE/FED-9 Programme d’appui au secteur de

l’eau en milieu rural 6,8 millions

d’euros Alimentation en eau et assainissement en

milieu rural (puits, forages et systèmes

solaires)

2006-2010

CE / FED-8 Programme solaire régional - phase II 2,08 millions

d’euros Alimentation en eau en milieu rural (forages à

système solaire) 2002-2009

JICA Projet intégré d’utilisation de l’eau -

Phase 2 7,256 millions

d’USD 20 nouveaux systèmes d’alimentation en eau à

énergie solaire et conversion à l’énergie solaire

de 9 systèmes fonctionnant au diesel

2005-2008

JICA Projet intégré d’utilisation de l’eau -

Phase 3 11,5 millions

d’USD 15 nouveaux systèmes d’alimentation en eau à

énergie solaire et conversion à l’énergie solaire

de 3 systèmes fonctionnant au diesel

2009-2012

UNDESA Services de gestion de l’eau et de

l’énergie en vue de l’élimination de

la pauvreté dans les zones rurales de

Gambie

2 millions d’USD Expansion et extension des réseaux

d’alimentation en eau en milieu rural pour

permettre la mise en œuvre d’activités

horticoles dans 5 villages

2004-2008

BAD Étude sur l’adduction d’eau et

l’assainissement en Gambie 1,2 million d’USD Plan directeur pour l’adduction d’eau et

l’assainissement dans les principales zones

rurales et conception détaillée en ce qui

concerne les zones prioritaires

2006-2008

Annexe IV

Carte de l'emplacement du projet

Résultat des Négociations

Les négociations des accords de Dons FAD et du Fonds RWSSI pour le projet d’alimentation en

eau et d’assainissement en milieu rural pour la période 2012-2015, ont eu lieu les 8 et 9

décembre 2011 à l'Agence Temporaire de la Banque à Tunis, entre une délégation de la Gambie

et des représentants de la Banque.

Tous les termes et conditions des Dons, tels que définis dans le Rapport d'évaluation, ont été

négociés et acceptés par la délégation représentant le Gouvernement de la Gambie.

Language: English

Original: English

PROJECT: Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project

COUNTRY: The Gambia

PROJECT APPRAISAL REPORT – TECHNICAL ANNEXES

Date: August 2011

Appraisal Team

Team Leader: Rees Mwasambili – Sr. Water and Sanitation Engineer – OWAS.1

Team Members: Ahmed Attout – Sr. Financial Analyst, OWAS.1

Kelello P. Ntoempe , Pr. Environmentalist, ONEC.3

Mahecor Ndiaye - Water and Sanitation Engineer, OWAS.1/SNFO

Gregory Osubor - Social Development Specialist, OSHD/NGFO

Mustapha Diallo - (Procurement Expert, ORPF.1/SNFO

Sector Director: Sering B. Jallow

Regional Director: N. Matondo-Fundani (OIC)

Peer Reviewers

Issakaku Budali, - Social Protection Specialist, OSHD/KEFO

Christopher Mutasa – Financial Analyst – OWAS.2

Ashraf H. Ayad – Procurement Specialist, ORPF.1

Eskinder Almesged – Water and Sanitation Engineer, OWS.2

Tom. R. Mugoya – Water and Sanitation Engineer, OWAS.1

LIST OF TECHNICAL ANNEXES

A. Country Development Agenda, Sector Brief and Donor’s Support

A1. Country Development Agenda

A2. Donor support to the Water Sector

B. Support of Key Arguments of the Report

B1. Lessons Learned

B2. Project Costs

B3. Implementation Arrangements

B4. Financial Management, Disbursement Arrangements and Audit Arrangements

B5. Procurement Arrangements

B6. Audit Arrangements

B7. Economic and Financial Analysis

B8. Environmental and Social Analysis

Environmental Analysis

Stakeholders

Gender Analysis

Social Analysis

B9. Project Preparation and supervision

C. Additional Annexes

C1. Monitoring

C2. RWSSI Quarterly Progress Reporting

C3. General Terms of Reference for the PMU

C4. Terms of Reference for the National Steering Committee

C5. Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National

Assembly Matters

C6. List of Project Villages

TECHNICAL ANNEXES

A. Country Development Agenda sector brief and donor’s support

A1. DEVELOPMENT AGENDA AND SECTOR CONTECT

1.1 The Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP II), for the period 2007–2011, is

Gambia’s framework for reducing poverty and promoting economic growth. The PRSP priorities

are articulated and implemented through sector plans, and financed through allocations from the

annual budget, complemented by substantial donor contributions. PRSP II covers five broad

thematic areas as follows: (i) creating enabling policy environment to promote growth and

poverty reduction; (ii) enhancing capacity and output of the productive sectors; (iii) improving

coverage of the basic social services and social protection needs of the poor and vulnerable; (iv)

enhancing governance systems and build the capacity of local communities and civil society

organizations to play and active role in economic growth and poverty reduction; and (v)

mainstreaming cross-cutting issues into the development process. Pillar (iii) of the PRSP aiming

at improving basic services (health, education, water and sanitation) and is one of the key priority

areas for poverty reduction.

1.2 The Government is currently preparing a new program, “Program for Accelerated

Growth and Employment (PAGE)”, for the period 2012-2015, as the successor to the PRSP II.

PAGE is expected to be approved by the Cabinet toward the end of 2011, and will build on the

main thrust of PSPP II, with the main focus on governance but will also include greater focus on

infrastructure investments, including water and sanitation.

1.3 In 2008 the Government of The Gambia, through the Ministry of Fisheries, Water

Resources and National Assembly Matters (MoFWRNAM), began to reform the water sector

through implementation of the new National Water Policy adopted in 2007. The objective of the

Reforms is to establish integrated water resources management (IWRM) in The Gambia in line

with the National Water Policy and the IWRM Roadmap. This will facilitate efficient, effective

and equitable water resources management throughout the country and support economic growth

and improve livelihoods so as to reduce poverty. The framework consists of a water law in

harmony with the policy; well-structured sector institutions with adequately qualified staff; and

sound water resources management tools, data and knowledge base for effective management of

water resources in the country. The Bank is financing the reforms through the African Water

Facility (AWF).

1.4 The water sector is presently organized on the basis of the National Water Resources

Council Act of 1979. The Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters

through its Department of Water Resources (DWR), is responsible for water resources

management and the provision of water supply to the rural areas. Other key institutions related to

water resources are the National Environment Agency (NEA) (responsible for management of the

environment); National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) (a service provider for water

supply and sewerage services to urban centers); the Public Utilities and Regulatory Authority

2

(PURA) (regulator for provision of electricity, water supply and sanitation services); Department

of Physical Planning and Housing (DPPH) (statutory duties and powers in relation to

conservation and protection of water resources), Department of Community Development (DCD)

(community mobilization and training) in the Ministry of Local Government and Lands; and

Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in all regions in the country

1.5 Despite the abundant water resources in the country, uneven distribution of fresh sources

and constraints in water resources development and management of safe drinking water makes

access difficult for many segments of the population, especially those in the rural areas. The

Government estimates water supply coverage to have progressed from a national coverage of

58% in 1990 (50% rural and 74% urban) to 75% coverage in 2010 (70% rural and 85% urban),

but the quality of coverage data is highly variable and does not necessarily imply that the systems

are working. Access in rural areas is substantially lower. Many rely on shallow wells, ponds, and

streams, which are often both biologically and chemically contaminated. The burdens associated

with shortage of water are borne disproportionately by women and children. According to PRSP

II, the key water sector challenge is to provide for sustainable development and management of

water resources to meet higher demands for domestic water supply and sanitation.

A2. DONOR SUPPORT TO THE WATER SECTOR

1.6 At least eight donors have provided development assistance to The Gambia during the last

10 years. Appendix III of the PAR gives a list of the current similar donor supported operations

in the water sector. The major donors are the European Union (EU) (under EDF financing

cycles), the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), the Japanese International Cooperative Agency

(JICA), the Saudi Fund, UNICEF and the AfDB. These interventions are mainly focused on

provision of water supply, with only UNICEF and the AfDB supporting sanitation infrastructure

as well. This support from the donors has had elements of capacity building. But there has been

hardly any major support for water resources management and institutional reform except now

when UNEP is currently supporting a regional project “Improving Water Management and

Governance in Western African Countries through support in the development of IWRM Plans”

covering seven ECOWAS countries including The Gambia. In the Gambia the UNEP project

supported the development of the IWRM Roadmap that was concluded in May 2009. No

commitments have been made by donors for the implementation of the roadmap. However, the

joint assistance strategy (JAS) of the World Bank and the African Development Bank for the

period 2008-2011 supports two of the five pillars of The Gambia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy

Paper (PRSP) II (2007-2011); the focus of support includes (a) improving the enabling policy

environment, (b) improving coverage of the basic social services (education, health, water and

sanitation) and social protection needs of the poor and vulnerable, and (c) enhancing governance.

1.7 The graphical representation below summarizes the main elements of the development

context.

3

The Gambia’s Development Agenda and Donor Support

Challenges & Contraints

The Gambia’s Development Agenda

Donor Support

By Sector

By Aid Modality

- Economic Mgt

- Public service

delivery

- Accelerating

growth and

competitiveness

- Public Financial

Management

DBS + SBS %

Agriculture Sector

Water and

Sanitation

Transport Sector

Communications

and IT

Project Support %

Social Sector %

Short/medium term

Others %

Donor Support = % of National Budget

Long

term

Poverty Reduction and

Attainment of MDGs

Improve Investment, PSD,

Business Environment and

Gambia's overall Productivity

Decrease Aid

Dependency

• High poverty levels, standing at

58% (68% rural) (2008)

•High Un- and underemployment

• Transitional effects of redirecting

public expenditure to poverty

reduction programmes

• Weak Institutional capacity

across the public service

Economy undiversified and

limited

Inadequate/poor infrastructure

Deficiencies in the business

climate

Water and Sanitation –

Insufficient resources to address

infrastructure bottlenecks

• Limited higher and tertiary education

opportunities

PSRP II 2007-2011

• Growth and poverty reduction

• Five Pillars (thematic areas)

(i) Creating enabling policy environment to

promote growth and poverty reduction;

(ii) Enhancing capacity and output of the

productive sectors;

(iii) Improving coverage of the basic social

services and social protection needs of the

poor and vulnerable;

(iv) Enhancing governance systems and build

the capacity of local communities and civil

society organizations to play and active role

in economic growth and poverty reduction

(v) Mainstreaming cross-cutting issues into

the development process

Accelerated Growth and Employment; reduction in

Poverty under PAGE (2012 – 2015)

4

B. Support of Key Arguments of the Report

B1 - Lessons Learned: List of projects that have been taken into account

Project Title Date and

Amount

Intervention Areas Rating Lessons i

Rural water

supply and

sanitation

programme

(RWSSP) -

Uganda

2005-/09

UA 40

million

ADB

-Point water source development

and rehabilitation

-piped GFS and rural growth

centre

- sanitation facilities

-Rain water harvesting (domestic

and communal)

Institution support

Country wide

xxx sector budget support within SWAP and common monitoring frameworks

through joint sector reviews

decentralized approach promotes private sector participation and growth as

well as capacity building for local governments and communities

relies on local Govt absorption capacity and limited funds spread widely

and thin with limited local impact

Decentralized approach promotes bottom up planning and increased sense

of ownership.

Central

Province Rural

Water Supply

and Sanitation

Project -

Zambia

2000 – 2007

UA 10.87 m

- Water Supply Development

- Sanitation Support

- Health Education

- Catchments Protection

- Community Mobilization and

Training

- Institutional Support /Project

Management

*** Use of independent engineering consultant to supervise drilling and civil

works;

More time should be given to capacity development (in basic finance,

technical and organization skills) and sensitization of community

beneficiaries;

Preparation and set-up/updating of baseline data at project design;

Consideration of use of monitoring and evaluation consultant during

project implementation to monitor impact both during and after project

completion.

-

The Gambia:

The Capacity

Building Project

1998-2004 1) Project management

capacity building,

2) Aid and debt management

capacity building,

3) RIFT training program

*ii

Grounding of capacity building and institutional support operations

should within the country’s policy and institutional reform programs.

The mid-term review of projects should have clearly defined and

quantifiable benchmarks related to the implementation of the policy

reform agenda. These benchmarks should be used in deciding whether

the outputs of the project are sustainable or otherwise. In case it is not

sustainable the project should either be cancelled or suspended until the

reform benchmarks have been attained.

5

National Rural

Water Supply

and Sanitation

Program

2006 - 2010

UA 15m

Water Infrastructure

Development

Sanitation and Hygiene

Education

Institutional Support and

Capacity Building

Program Management

Improve quality at entry by streamlining conditions precedent to

effectiveness;

Use integrated approach to water and sanitation implementation.

Central

Province Eight

Centres Water

Supply and

Sanitation

Project -

Zambia

2003 - 2010

UA 22.03m

Water Supply Rehabs. and

Extension

Sanitation

Building Works

Institutional Support

Project Management

***

Provide regular training in Bank’s procurement rules and procedures

Integrated approach, addressing water supply, sanitation and institutional

support in an integrated manner

6

B2. Project Costs and Description

B2.1 The Gambia RWSS Project

The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RWSSP) for The Gambia, developed as project

grant under JAS/ADF XII and the Government of The Gambia’s PRSP II focus, will provide

rural water supply and sanitation facilities and services to improve community health in the five

rural regions of the country. It will also facilitate building the capacity of local authority

institutions (regional area councils), village development committee (VDCs)), reflecting the

Government’s commitment to decentralized decision making by focusing implementation at the

district level. With its strong community-based approach, the Project will help extend reach to

RWSS service provision to the North Bank, Central River, Lower River, Western and South

Bank Regions..

While recent interventions in rural water supply have provided new drinking water facilities,

very little work has been done to address the poor sanitation. This Project will address both, and

will adopt an integrated water and sanitation approach in implementation.

The design of water and sanitation facilities is aimed at providing a satisfactory service using the

most appropriate technology to achieve the Project objectives at minimum capital, operation and

maintenance costs, energy consumption, imported materials and highly skilled expertise

requirements. The designs also conform to the Gambian national design standards regarding such

factors as minimum ground water yields, minimum and maximum pressures, safe disposal of

human faecal matter well as for various categories of consumers and users.

B.2.2 Project Description

The Project will (i) strengthen beneficiary communities’ capacities and capabilities to plan,

implement, manage, operate, and maintain improved water supply and sanitation facilities; (ii)

increase the participation of women and the youth in water management, and of men in

sanitation activities especially; (iii) increase hygiene education through awareness campaigns;

(iv) develop the capacity and capability of a wide range of sectoral support organizations, such as

nongovernment organizations (NGOs) /community-based organizations (CBOs), to provide

efficient and cost-effective support to communities and local government authorities so as to

improve RWSS service delivery. The Project will in the process support the implementation of

the National Water Sector Policy (2006) and the Sanitation Policy (2011); and strengthen the

Government’s decentralization efforts by focusing project activities and decision making at the

area council and community levels.

Development Objectives and Project Objectives

The overall Water Sector Development Goal is “effective and sustainable management of water

resources and improved climate risk management to support socio-economic development and

environmental sustainability in The Gambia”. The objective of the RWSSI Project is to increase

access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in the rural areas of Gambia from the

current level of about 70% to 72% for water supply, and from 40% to 44% for sanitation by

7

2015. This will lead to an additional 65,000 people gaining access to safe drinking water, and

improved sanitation and hygiene practices. The Project has the following four components:

Component I – Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure

The project will apply a demand responsive approach in implementing this component that

consists of a comprehensive package including software, construction and installation, baseline

survey (for sanitation undertaken in collaboration with Component 3), mobilization, community-

based planning and monitoring, hygiene and sanitation education, Community Lead Total

Sanitation (CLTS), gender awareness and, capacity building at user level required for effective

use and sustainable operation. This component comprises; (i) provision of new boreholes

installed with solar powered water supply systems, and rehabilitation and upgrading of existing

water supply facilities and, (ii) provision of improved sanitation facilities1 in the project areas.

The Project includes community mobilization and capacity building to ensure sustainability of

the installed facilities. The Water Supply Infrastructure will be implemented by DWR, while

DCD will lead the implementation of sanitation infrastructure. Sanitation infrastructure will be

implemented as an integrated activity with Component 3 as described in detail in Component 3

below.

A. Water Supply Infrastructure:

i. Provision of 18 new drilled boreholes (6-8-inch diameter), supplying piped water to

medium- large size rural communities (with greater than 1000 people) and installation of

stand-alone solar powered pumping units, elevated water tanks, distribution network and

public stand-taps;

ii. Rehabilitation and Upgrading of 4 water supply facilities to solar powered pumping units,

elevated water tanks, a distribution network and public stand-taps.

Selection of sites for the new water schemes and those to be rehabilitated and upgraded were

undertaken by the local government authorities, in consultations with the communities, and done

on the basis of technical and socio-economic guidelines provided by DWR. The main criteria

used for selection of villages were as follows:

The selection of villages to benefit from new facilities:

i) Population > 1000 people;

ii) Previously installed water supply systems well maintained;

iii) Ability of villagers to deposit at least D25000.00 as part of the maintenance fund

iv) Willingness of villagers to provide land for the borehole, solar panel and tank area

v) Villages that are not more than 1.5 km apart are clustered and supplied from one

system.

Villages to benefit from upgrading be based on:

1 Improved sanitation facilities defined as “types of technology and levels of services that are likely to be sanitary than unimproved technologies.

Improved sanitation includes connection to a public sewers, connection to septic systems, pour-flush latrines, simple pit latrines and ventilated

improved pit latrines. Not considered as improved sanitation are service or bucket latrines 9where excreta is removed manually), public latrines and open latrines”. The Gambia National Policy for Sanitation and Hygiene, Ministry of Health (2011)

8

i) Communities that experienced rapid population growth, since the systems were

installed and the systems can no longer meet the water demands of the population.

ii) Poor water quality due to high presence of iron or manganese

iii) Deep water table that limits the ability of the hand pumps to lift water

The drilling contract for tube wells, borehole materials, pipes and fittings, solar systems and

tanks will be procured through international tenders, done at an early stage of implementation.

Surveys and site-specific designs will be done by local consultants and the project respectively.

Pipe laying will preferably be done by free-labour contributions of the beneficiaries.

Solar systems are very successful in the Gambia, and have become the preferred technological

option of the Government. They are also reliable and cost effective. But given their high capital

cost, they can only be justified for villages with a population above 1,000 people. The demand

for these solar systems by far exceeds the supply, and DWR has had to set criteria to select

villages that qualify for a solar system to ensure maximum social and economic benefit from the

available financial resources. All recent donor projects, financed by the EU, IDB, Saudi Fund

and JICA have partly implemented their project using solar system technology.

B. Sanitation Infrastructure:

(i) Provide 50 Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIP) in public institutions - schools (separate

for boys and girls) and rural health centres- and public places (markets), and;

(ii) Promote Community Led-Total Sanitation (CLTS) to lead to provision of 1,000 latrines at

household level.

The Department of Community Development will lead implementation of this sub-component.

Construction of institutional latrines will be procured through national competitive bidding while

household latrines will be services through other accepted methods that include community-

based procurement.

Component II: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building/Training

This component will seek to strengthen national, local government and community level

institutions with a dealing in water and sanitation services provision.. The DWR at central and

regional levels will be strengthened to provide sustainable water supply services; and the

Department of Health together with the Department of Community Development to deliver

sanitation, hygiene promotion and education activities. Community level structures will be

strengthened in planning and implementation, operation and maintenance and monitoring. The

Project has a number of institutional development activities to facilitate successful

implementation of the Project and long term sector sustainability. These activities will lead to

DWR, DoH, DCD and the area councils to have sufficient capacity to facilitate and deliver

RWSS services more effectively. These include:

9

(i) Institutional support at national level institutions (DWR, DoH, DCD)

This will include; (i) support to short-term training of staff to strengthen the water supply and

sanitation management functions; and (ii) provision of office equipment and operational

vehicles.

(ii) Institutional support for local authority council areas

This will involve training and provision of equipment and tools necessary for effective planning

and implementation of RWSS activities by staff at this level, with the full involvement of

communities. The Village Water Committee members will be trained in water and sanitation

planning, community development and facilitation, health and hygiene promotion, principles of

CLTS and, project management. In addition, office equipment and transport (motor cycles and

bicycles – for VWCs) will be provided to facilitate implementation of project activities. There

will be a focal person (WATSAN Chairperson) in councils to be in charge of RWSS activities.

Formation and training of Village Water Committees and Their Role Village Water Committees will be set up in each target village and trained in operation and maintenance

of water facilities, collection of fees and other related fields. The training will be conducted by regional

staff of DWR. The committee consisting of members elected among the user communities, and

participation of women included, will be placed under the Village Development Committee

(VDC) that coordinates development issues and activities as a whole in the village.

The roles and responsibilities of the VWC include: (i) Preparation of action plans and facilitation

of implementation of the plan for improvement of water and sanitation in the village (ii)

Coordination in daily operation and maintenance activities, and facilitation of allocation of

resources (iii) Provision of instructions for proper use of the water facilities and preparation of rules

on water use (iv) Conflict resolution related to use of water supply facilities, (v) Assuring access to the

support services for operation and maintenance to be provided by the public and private sectors

(iii) Reactivation and strengthening of the Water and Sanitation Working Group at national

level to promote sector coordination and in initiation of Joint Government-Donor Sector

Reviews.

The Government and some donors have in the past instituted some committees or special

councils to coordinate sector activities at national level. The most prominent include the National

Water Resources Council and the National Water Resource Committee, and the Water and

Sanitation Committees (WATSAN) established under a UNICEF initiative centred on the DWR.

However, they were all informal in some ways, and few met regularly which reduced the ability

of these entities to successfully coordinate their respective programmes. The support will go

towards reactivating coordination mechanisms that once existed and was financed by UNICEF

(see box below).

10

This activity will therefore support government plans to revive this working group. However, in

line with the ongoing aid coordination processes in the Ministry of Finance and Economic

Affairs, the re-constituted group will be required to be formal. The project will finance a short

consultancy that will elaborate the coordination mechanisms including drawing terms of

reference for the group, and defining, if so needed, a secretariat to coordinate the activities of the

group. The consultancy will also define start-up steps and framework for introduction of Joint

sector Reviews. Part of the funds will support the initial activities of the working group

(meetings, production of minutes, communications etc.).

The Joint Sector Reviews (JSR) is a forum for performance assessment, budget and policy

guidance, allowing a broad spectrum of stakeholders to get an insight into, discuss and influence

sector developments. Held annually, JSR draws conclusions and makes recommendations on

overall developments in the sector but is not a decision-making body. Any binding decisions

during JSRs such as formal undertakings/actions for the following year are to be taken by an

appropriate government defined and appointed group. These reviews are usually held in an

agreed month of the year. JSR are supported by inputs of Joint Technical Reviews (JTR) that are

held usually six months after the JSR, to assess the progress made with regards to the sector's

half year performance and to prepare the ground for the JSR for the sector. Further JTRs

recommends actions which will lead to improved sector performance, and assess any other

pertinent issues affecting the sector. It must be a specific objective every year to review the

progress in implementation of agreed actions for the sector.

(iv) Develop an O&M strategy and plan based on existing experiences gained from O&M

systems existing in the sector..

To improve access to potable water in rural as well as peri-urban villages, the Department of

Water Resources (DWR) has adopted four technical approaches in the Gambia:

Hand-Dug wells (1.60 m ID) equipped with one or two hand-pumps, to provide clean

drinking water in the smaller rural settlements in areas with shallow water tables (<25 m);

Drilled wells (4 ½ -inch ID) equipped with a hand-pump for small rural settlements with

deeper water tables (>25m), or where dug wells are not suitable for other reasons (eg, low

recharge rates, water quality etc.);

In 1992 the Government in collaboration with UNICEF launched a pilot Rural Environmental Project

which had water supply and sanitation components. The project also instituted a coordinating

mechanism called the Water and Sanitation Working Group (WSWG) which included UNICEF,

representatives of all the key Government agencies and NGOs involved in the implementation of

UNICEF funded programmes in WSS. As a coordinating mechanism WATSAN proved successful

because it provided an opportunity for collaboration and enabled stakeholders to be part of the decision-

making process. A major drawback, however, was that the whole process was single donor (UNICEF)

driven and without the participation of other donors active in the sector. Coordination related mainly to

UNICEF’s intervention in WSS with the collaborating Government institutions and NGOs. The lessons

of WATSAN clearly show the importance of such a mechanism for the WSS sector and the need for the

Government to be seen to take the lead to demonstrate ownership and ensure the participation of all the

stakeholders. CSO Report (June 2010)

11

Drilled boreholes supplying piped water to medium to larger size rural communities by

means of a stand-alone solar powered pumping unit, elevated water tank, a simple

distribution network and public tap stands;

In collaboration with the National Water and Electricity Corporation (NAWEC), extend

existing urban water supply grids to adjacent settlements.

The above first two hand pump-based water supply systems are accompanied by a community

based cost-recovery and maintenance system for hand-pumps, including a network of trained

area mechanics, well-established countrywide since the early 1990’s. DWR adopted a standard

handpump (the PB Mark II) for which basic spare parts were sold in distributor shops throughout

this small country, thus considerably facilitating maintenance and repair in the rural

environment. Most of these distributor shops no longer deal in these spare parts due to a

breakdown in the supply chain.

This activity will analyze the hand-pump based system above and other existing systems from

donor funded projects, with the aim of harmonizing these various systems into one national

strategy and plan. The Department of Water Resources will lead the implementation of this

component.

Component III: Hygiene Promotion2 and Education

This component will aim to improve the hygiene and sanitation conditions in the project areas

by focusing on promotion of better hygiene behavior and improving on the communities’ safe

sanitation practices. It shall involve revising existing and development of new communication

materials to promote improved sanitation and hygiene education in the communities covered by

the project. These materials shall supplement hygiene promotion and education materials used by

the Ministry of Health. The materials shall include details for training of trainers, visual aids

including fliers, radio shows and programmes. The materials to be developed shall be gender and

culturally sensitive and shall cover such topics as personal hygiene, cleanliness within the

household, prevention of HIV/AIDS, disposal of solid waste, proper use of toilet facilities and

hand washing, household water storage as well as handling of food. Preventive measures against

water borne diseases including diarrhea, typhoid, cholera and malaria shall also be addressed and

included as part of the Project.

Health and hygiene education are important sub-sector components associated with the

abstraction, distribution, use and storage of potable water. At national level they are the

responsibility of the Department of Health and the Department of Education, and at Regional

level the responsibility of Area Councils. While the DWR has no explicit responsibility for

health and hygiene education, it shall maintain contact with the entities that do and coordinate

water and sanitation service delivery.

Sanitation, Health and Hygiene education: Country context

Like most regional member countries, the Gambia has made significant efforts in the provision

of safe drinking water towards meeting both the national and MDG goals. However, like most

2 The word hygiene means cleanliness relating to health. Good hygiene is a practice of keeping oneself and one’s surrounding clean, especially in order to prevent illness or the spread of disease. Hygiene promotion means encouraging people towards behaviors that embody these practices

and are the basis of cleanliness and good health. National Strategy for Sanitation and Hygiene (2011-2016)

12

member countries, much more remained to be done in the field of basic sanitation and hygiene.

In addition, until this year (2011), the Gambia had no one coherent national sanitation policy,

and therefore lacked appropriate policy tools with which to respond to the various sanitation

challenges. Besides the Water and Sanitation Project implemented by the Department of Water

Resources, with the aim of introducing hygienic means of excreta disposal in the entire country,

there has not been much coordinated policy response to basic sanitation issues in the country.

Another weakness in the policy response to basic sanitation issues has been the lack of a clear-

cut institutional home for sanitation. Sanitation issues could be found in various policies and

programmes of several sectors such as the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Department of

Water Resources, National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC), Department of

Community Development, the National Environment Agency and the Local Government

Authorities and Municipalities.

Unsurprisingly, improved sanitation and hygiene lags behind the provision of safe drinking water

in service delivery. National Safe water coverage has rapidly increased from 23.1% in 1983 to

50.4% in 1993 and from 76% in 2003 to 86% in 2006(UNICEF/WHO JMP Report, 2010).

National coverage for sanitation slightly rose from 23% in 1990 to 67% in 2008(UNICEF/WHO

JMP Report, 2010). In urban areas, while the access rate to safe sanitation was as high as 68%

(UNICEF/WHO JMP Report, 2010), the rural areas averaged 40%, but with some regions,

particularly CRR-South at 31 % (MICS 2005/2006).

For the past four years, the country has also introduced a nationwide monthly cleansing exercise

for ensuring proper environmental sanitation. In 2008, an Anti-littering Bill was developed to

ensure proper environmental hygiene practices. Waste management which is largely the role of

Local Government Authorities has been revived and there are periodic waste collection exercises

in the two urban municipalities of Banjul and Kanifing Municipal Council.

National Policy for Sanitation and Hygiene (2011) and National Strategy for Sanitation and

Hygiene (2011 – 2016)

The Gambia has developed a draft National Policy for Sanitation and Hygiene (2011), and an

accompanying implementation Strategy for 2011–2016. Developed through a wide consultative

process, the Policy and Strategy were validated by stakeholders at workshops held in March

2011.The draft Policy is currently (August 2011) awaiting Cabinet approval.

National Policy for Sanitation and Hygiene: The stated aim of the draft Policy is to create the

enabling environment that will make it possible for all households in The Gambia “to be made

aware of and well-informed of the importance of safe sanitary practices and proper modes of

hygiene behavior for improved health”.

The Policy identifies seven measures that are required to reach the desired objective;

i. Capacity building and infrastructure development;

ii. Sanitation Marketing and Hygiene Promotion;

iii. Delivery of Sanitation and Hygiene Services;

iv. Research and Development of Sanitation Technologies;

v. Public-Private Sector Partnerships;

13

vi. Inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration;

vii. Community Consultation and involvement

The above will be achieved through implementation of a series of strategic actions that include

the following;

A National awareness-creation and sensitization campaign that is gender and culture-

sensitive, to promote safe sanitary practices and proper hygiene behavior;

Involvement of the private sector in sanitation marketing of affordable and appropriate

low-cost technologies;

Development of knowledge and skills base of a wide range of personnel to be associated

with the implementation of the Policy;

Carry out institutional audit to determine gaps and overlaps in institutional roles and

responsibilities, with a view of effecting the required institutional harmonization to

implement sector-wide programming

Develop enabling business environment in sanitation products to attract the private

sector;

Creation of a high-level coordination framework at three levels:

o Inter-ministerial Steering Committee that will supervise the implementation of the

Policy;

o The National Agency for Sanitation and Hygiene to be the lead agency to ensure

inter-sectoral and inter-agency coordination and collaboration;

o National Working Group on Sanitation and Hygiene to serve as a technical back-up

team for the operationalization of the policy and strategy on sanitation and Hygiene.

Creation of a National Sanitation and Hygiene Trust Fund to coordinate resources

mobilization. Donors, NGOs, local government authorities and the private sectors will be

encouraged to contribute.

National Strategy for Sanitation and Hygiene (2011 – 2016): The objective of the Strategy is

“to operationalize the National Sanitation and Hygiene Policy” (2009 – 2014). The Strategy has

identified eight Strategic Priority Areas around which its responses and activities recommended

in the strategy revolve:

i) Policy and Legislation

ii) Institutional Responsibilities and coordination Framework

iii) Sanitation Services;

iv) Capacity Building and Infrastructure Development;

v) Sanitation Marketing;

vi) Monitoring and Evaluation;

vii) Research and Development

viii) Financing Framework

Implementation of the Project component:

Institutional responsibilities for sanitation in the Gambia are split at three levels as shown in the

table below.

14

Level Roles and Responsibilities

National Level (Led by MoHSW): Policy formulation; regulation; monitoring; coordination;

quality assurance; and capacity development

District Local Government Level Planning; resource levels mobilization; demand creation;

service delivery; support to community and households;

making and enforcing ordinances and related laws Communities/households/private

sector/NGOs

Demand for services; contribute to O&M of Public

Facilities; Construction of toilet facilities at household level

NGOs or other locally based organizations shall be recruited as consultants to undertake the

sanitation, and hygiene promotion and education. The NGO shall work closely with the units

responsible for public health (DoH) and community welfare (DCD). Potential trainers including

a teacher from each of the schools and a representative from each of the health centres covered

by the project shall be identified to undergo training. These will be trained on the best

approaches, and methods of educating and communicating with the public and proper hygiene

and sanitation. The trainers will take care to conduct separate sessions for both males and

females whenever sensitivity calls. They should also be able to handle and work with the young

people, especially those of school going age.

After the training, the programme shall be rolled out starting with general sensitization for all the

general public on the importance and implication of keeping their communities clean. The local

leaders including politicians, mosque and church leaders and community elders shall be used to

reach the people. The programme shall then concentrate on the identified and deserving schools,

health centres as well as the communities to be covered by the programme. The promotional and

training programme shall be staged in such a way that there will be repeat sessions at various

times during the project’s implementation period.

In addition, the training programme will be closely followed by the construction of sanitation

facilities (to be done under separate contracts) including toilet blocks for schools and health

centres with separate facilities for women and men, and should also be able to cater for the

disabled. Hand washing facilities shall be provided with each of these facilities. Different types

of household latrines shall also be built as demonstration units, at sites selected by the respective

communities themselves. These units shall include improved pit latrines, eco-san and compost

latrines, etc., following the Gambian norms. Characteristic of each model unit including

convenience, ease of maintenance and cleanliness, cost of construction, maintenance details and

any limitations due to environmental constraints shall be clearly elaborated for the intended

users. The households shall be encouraged to put up own sanitation facilities depending on their

preference. The NGOs shall use government, and if not available, develop some criteria of

identifying the poor households which would need to be supported under the programme and the

level of such assistance towards meeting part of the cost of the on-site sanitation facilities.

The Project will use Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS3) concept to mobilize and engage

the communities. The challenge of this concept is to mobilize communities to enable the

3 Community-led total sanitation approaches is an integrated approach to achieving and sustaining open defecation free (OD) status in which the

use of PRA methods enables local communities to analyse their sanitation conditions and collectively internalise the terrible impact of OD on public health and on the entire neighbourhood environment. National Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy (2009-2014)

15

majority of rural households to move from unimproved to improved sanitation. Figure below

illustrates these needs on a simplified sanitation ladder, which is used by sanitation organizations

to map coverage and options in terms of quality and costs.

Figure 1: Simplified Sanitation Ladder

Throughout the implementation of the Hygiene Promotion and education component, the

consultant NGOs shall keep and maintain clear records and data, to facilitate measurement of the

inputs and outputs as well as impacts and outcomes from the intervention. And finally under this

component, support is provided to undertake a rapid rural sanitation survey to establish a

baseline. This will be outsourced to an NGO or local consulting firm.

Overall, the project will support provision of sanitation facilities in 100 public places (schools,

health centres, public places). It will also support 1,000 households in the promotion of improved

household sanitation, including eco-san.

Component IV: Project Management

This Component will finance activities to be undertaken by the executing agent for timely

delivery of the proposed project outputs within budget, based on detailed work and procurement

plans.. It includes support to the Project Management Unit, and all associated activities (technical

and financial audits, monitoring and evaluation) and logistical costs (operational vehicles and

office equipment). The PMU will be responsible for all day to day activities, record keeping and

progress reporting of the project. It will be staffed by locally recruited individual consultants, and

shall be headed by a Project Coordinator, a person with adequate experience in management of

development projects, assisted by a Rural Water Supply Engineer, (experienced in

procurement/contract management), a Social Development Specialist (with experience in

sanitation and gender issues, and engagement with civil societies), a Monitoring and Evaluation

Expert and an Accountant. In addition, a Procurement Specialist will be engaged for 18months to

assist the PMU with the procurement process. The Unit will be supported by a driver and

secretary/administrator..

16

Duties of the PMU

The role and responsibilities of the PMU will include amongst others, the following:

Responsible for the day to day management of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Project;

Take direct and overall responsibility for the planning, organizing, implementation, and

management of the project, including the technical, administrative, financial, procurement

disbursement quality control, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting tasks and activities.

Prepare detail work plans for the execution of the project;

Manage, direct, supervise monitor and evaluate the work of consultants recruited for the

various activities including (i) surveys (ii) community mobilization and training, (iii)

Hygiene training (iii) supervision of civil works etc.

Procure consultants, contractors and suppliers to provide works, goods and services

required by the project.

Advise DWR on ways of improving Project implementation

Prepare monthly and quarterly performance reports, to be submitted to the DWR, NSC and

the Bank;

Ensure that annual financial and technical audits are undertaken;

Participate in the regular review and evaluation of overall progress of the project

17

Project Total Costs: Detailed Project costs.

18

B3. Detailed Implementation arrangement

The implementation of the Project will use existing structures from central to community levels,

incorporating lessons and experience gained with the other similar operations. The Project

Management Unit will be at the center of this implementation. The PMU will be responsible for

delivering the project outputs within the agreed timeframe. The PMU will coordinate and supervise

the implementation of the all Project components, maintain the Project accounts and financial

records, process disbursement requests, and reports in accordance with the requirements of GoTG

and ADF.

The overall coordination of the Project and reporting obligations to the Bank will be the

responsibility of MFWRNAM. An MOU shall be signed among DWR, MoH and DCD defining

the roles, responsibilities and procedures to implement the components. Conclusion of this MoU

will be a condition precedent to first disbursement

National Level

The GoTG shall be the recipient of the ADF Grant while MFWRNAM will be the Executing

Agency (EA) of the project. The Department of Water Resources in MFWRNAM will be

responsible for implementation, and shall delegate this role to an existing Project Management

Unit currently implementing an IDB funded RWS Project.

The Ministry will establish a National Steering Committee (NSC) which will provide policy

coordination in the implementation of the Project. The NSC will draw membership from the

following institutions: MoFWRNAM, DWR, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, Office of

the President, Ministry of Local Government and Lands, National Environment Agency,

Women’s Bureau, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and The Association of Non-

Governmental Organizations (TANGO).

The existing IDB-funded PMU will form the core of the PMU that will implement the RWSSI

Project. An assessment undertaken by the Appraisal Mission on the IDB project showed that,

with additional strengthening in staff levels and basic equipment, the IDB-financed PMU has the

necessary core skills and experience to implement the RWSSI Project. The IDB financed PMU

has the following staff; Project Coordinator, Accountant and two support staff (secretary and

driver), and it is supported by an engineering consulting firm. Additional staff required to be

added to the existing PMU to effectively implement the Bank supported RWSSI Project are a

rural water supply engineer, a social/sanitation specialist and a Monitoring and evaluation

specialist.

A Project Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) will also be set-up to provide technical support

to the PMU. The TRC will be composed of members from the key project participants; DWR,

DOH, MoE, NEA and DCD.

Regional/Local Government Level

In the rural areas the Area Councils are responsible for drinking water supply, and in accordance

with the obligations described in the Local Government Act, they shall ‘promote the rational use

of water’ and ‘regulate the use and management of wells and water reticulation systems’.

Therefore at the regional level, the project will be implemented through the area councils, which

will be the decision making body acting on development plans from the communities (VDCs).

19

The area councils, works through and is supported technically by the WATSAN committee,

which is a mixed-skills teams of professionals (in social, technical, financial, local government

administration) drawn from different ministries at districts levels. The DWR will anchor the

technical support with staff to support project implementation.

Sub-district/Community Level

At the community level, the project will use community structures, the village water committees.

In the Gambia, rural water assets installed through Government financing are owned by the

Government. They are operated and managed by the beneficiaries themselves through water

user groups, known as the Village Water Committees (VWCs). VWCs are a sub-committee of

the Village Development Committees, which are responsible for planning for village

developments.

Village water committees who are elected by the community members and are gender balanced,

with at least half of the membership being women. They are accountable to their communities.

The key responsibility of VWCs is operation and maintenance of the village water supply and

Sanitation facilities. They also set the water tariff, place contracts with external service providers

to undertake major repairs and maintain and operate the assets directly. They can also mobilize

resources for promoting improved drinking water and sanitation facilities. VDCs are supported

technically by Multi-displinary Facilitating Team (MDFT), made up of government extension

staff at WARD level. MDFT assist the VDC in planning, mobilization and training in different

skills.

The following diagram gives the overall implementation arrangements for the Project.

20

GAMBIA – RWSS Project Implementation Arrangements

National

Steering

Committee

Functional

Responsibilities MFWRNAM

Executing Agency AfDB

Department of Water

Resources

(Implementing Agency)

TAC

DoH, MoE,

DWR, DCD PMU

National Level

Planning

Policy and legal

Liaison and

supervision

Management

Development

Regulatory

Cost Recovery and

sustainability

Regional/Local

Government

Level

Planning

Management

Development

Identification

Regulatory

Implementation

Supervision

Operation and

Maintenance

Regional

DWR Motivators

Regional Local

Government Authorities

(Area councils)

MDFT

Community

Level

Plan

Operate

Maintain

Manage

Implement

CBOs (Ward and

Village Dev.

Committee)

District WATSAN

Committees

Private

sector

NGOs

Consultants

Supplier

Latrine

artisans

Area

mechanic

Target Communities

21

B4. Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangement

Executive Summary

The financial management (FM) assessment was carried out in accordance with the Guidelines

for Financial Management and Financial Analysis of Programme (January 2007). The

assessment has also benefitted from previous assessments by the Bank and other donors in the

Water Sector. The conclusion of the assessment is that financial management arrangements meet

the Bank’s minimum requirements. The overall risk rating is assessed as moderate once the

mitigation measures are implemented.

Implementation Arrangement: The implementation mechanisms will be as described in B3

above.

Disbursement of the ADF resources will be made by direct disbursement to suppliers of works

and goods for all ICB, International Shopping and NCB packages, and for consultancy services.

Payments for operating costs for project implementation, for sanitation, hygiene education and

environmental awareness creation, gender mainstreaming, audit, and for supply of office

equipment and IT software will be made through the Special Account method. Other Bank

disbursement methods could also be used if necessary in financing the project.

Financial Management: Proper financial management system shall be maintained by a

qualified accountant during implementation. The Executing Agency shall establish a Special

Account for ADF funds to expedite disbursement of small expenditures of the project activities.

Before any payments are made, all project expenditures shall be prepared by the PMU, reviewed

and authorized by the Ministry and the Department of Water.

Audit: Proper financial records shall be maintained by a qualified accountant at the PMU level

during implementation. The accounts shall be audited annually by an independent reputable firm

according to International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and International Financial Reporting

Standards (IFRSs). The audit reports shall be submitted to the Bank not later than six months

after closure of the fiscal year.

Country Assessment: Issues

The 2010 Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) concluded that the enactment

of the Government Budget Management and Accountability (GBMA) Act and the issuance of

revised Financial Instructions in 2004 have strengthened the institutional and legislative

framework that govern public expenditures, and revenue management as well as public

procurement management. However, the CFAA notes that gaps still remain and has suggested

several recommendations including, the need to improve the capacity in the areas of internal

audit, external audit and external scrutiny of government financial management. These areas

were noted as keystone activities of any future PFM reform and would require adequate capacity

building.

The inherent risk of the public financial management system in the Gambia is still high due to

many weaknesses that should be addressed in a sustained manner. There has not been much

significant achievement since the 2003 CFAA report in the area of internal audit except for the

creation of the internal audit unit within the MOFEA. The unit lacks adequate resources and

capacity to carry out its role effectively. Despite progress made in addressing the backlog of

22

audit reports, the Auditor General’s office lack sufficient capacity to produce high quality reports

in a timely manner. The National Audit Office (NAO) has begun the process of transforming

itself into a modern Supreme Audit Institution and has finalized its strategy towards achieving

this objective. However, issues pertaining to its lack of independence, scope and quality of audit

reports and responsiveness of the executive to audit recommendations still need to be addressed.

The 2010 and 2011 IMF reports and the 2010 Public Expenditure Review (PER) update also

noted, among its recommendations, a need to re-focus and prioritize areas of the PFM reform

strategy. More specifically, they noted the need to improve budget planning and execution

processes; strengthen institutions responsible for budget compliance and evaluation and

improving revenue administration.

Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters - EA

MoFWRNAM

The inherited risks of the PFM system in the Gambia are also affecting the MoFWRNAM.

However the project FM is strengthened by the following features:-

MoFWRNAM has succeeded in executing or still executing projects and studies financed

by several international donors (EU, IsDB, JICA, Saudi Fund, AWF & AfDB).

The accounting personnel within the MoFWRNAM are experienced.

The project being under the MoFWRNAM will use the Treasury Accounting Instructions.

The project will benefit from the ongoing financial management reforms.

Budgeting arrangements are adequate;

External auditing arrangements are adequate;

Internal Audit arrangements are currently being reinforced

Funds flow arrangements are adequate.

FM ACTION PLAN Action Responsibility Timeframe

Agree on external auditor and audit TORs GoG/Bank On going

Step up recruitment and training of FM GoG/ Bank On going

Resolve systematic problem on Reporting and training on the same GoG/Bank On going

Step up use of Internal Audit at MoFWRNAM GoG/Bank On Going

Project Risk Assessment and Mitigation

The objectives of the project's financial management system are to:

ensure that funds are used only for their intended purposes, in an efficient and economical

manner;

ensure that funds are properly managed and flow smoothly, adequately, regularly, and

predictably in order to meet the objectives of the project;

enable the preparation of accurate and timely financial reports;

enable project management to monitor the efficient implementation of the project; and

Safeguard the project's assets and resources.

23

The table below summarizes the risks, as identified during the financial management assessment,

which may hinder the achievement of project objectives, along with recommendations for

mitigating those risks.

Risk Rating Summary Table Type of Risk Risk

Rating Risk Mitigation Measure

/Remarks

Condition for

Negotiation or

Effectiveness

(Yes/No)

Residual

Risk

Rating

Inherent Risk

Country Level

Weaknesses in public financial

management by state institutions, including

issues of accountability and transparency

H

Strengthening the role of public institutions in

FM capacity building through ongoing reforms in

the public financial management system.

No

S

Entity Level

There could be FM capacity problem that

may result in poor implementation of

project activities. In addition to interference

in project management and mismanagement

of project assets and deviation in the use of

funds, leading to a failure in complying

with Bank's fiduciary safeguards

S

Use of a Project Management Unit (PMU)

staffed with competent personnel including a

qualified accounting to assist in project

management & implementation will help

mitigate those risks.

Moreover, the Project Management Unit (PMU)

will have the overall FM responsibility under

strict oversight of the following:

- MoFWRNAM (Ministry of Fisheries, Water

Resources and National Assembly Matters) - EA

- Department of Water (Implementing Agency)

- Steering Committee (Advisory and monitoring

role)

No

M

Project Level

a) Lack of experience and coordination risk

(one of the reasons that we are using this

PMU is because we think it has gained

experience from IDB).

b) Accounting system and Procedures

Manual are not current and up to date.

S

The PMU is currently implementing an IsDB

project, it will be further strengthened by

qualified personnel to handle day to day project

management

The PMU would be assisted to document its

existing systems into Accounts Procedures

Manual. Further FM training and support would

be provided by a Bank’s FM Specialist to the PT

to ensure correct application of the FM

procedures.

No

M

Overall IR

S

M

Control Risk

Budgeting

Delays in preparing detailed budget

estimates and Annual Work Plans.

M

The Project Operations Manual will provide clear

guidelines on budget cycle and procedures to

ensure timeliness and completeness of budgets.

The first year budget and Annual Work Plan, to

be largely based on the agreed Procurement Plan,

will be ready before effectiveness.

Yes

M

Accounting

Accounting staff do not have much

experience in Bank disbursement and FM

procedures.

Weak technical skills of accounting staff.

S

A qualified project accountant with the similar

previous experience as part of the PMU staff will

provide leadership and sustainability.

Regular review of staff capacities during

Missions and additional support to be provided

by the Bank will enhance the FM capacity.

No

M

Internal

Controls/Internal Auditing

Risk of non compliance with internal

control procedures.

S

Project Operations Manual, developed and

agreed by negotiations, will provide guidelines

on policies and procedures; manual will be

reviewed and updated regularly.

Yes

S

24

Type of Risk Risk

Rating Risk Mitigation Measure

/Remarks

Condition for

Negotiation or

Effectiveness

(Yes/No)

Residual

Risk

Rating

Weak Internal Audit capacity within the

MoFWRNAM

Internal controls will be in line with

Government's operational policies. The Internal

Audit function will be monitored for its

effectiveness during supervision, and necessary

remedial action will be taken during project

implementation.

Funds Flow

Delays in processing replenishment

requests could result in fund shortage and

affect project implementation.

Delays in counterpart funding

M

Strengthening the planning capacity of existing

PMU and training in Bank disbursement rules

will help minimize this problem.

GoTG will make in-kind contribution to

operational costs of the PMU in form of offices

and salaries of Gov. staff who will work with the

project.

No

M

Financial Reporting

Quality and timeliness in submitting

interim unaudited financial reports (IUFRs)

and other reports.

S

Facilitate training of PMU Accountant to ensure

quality and timeliness of reporting.

PMU staff will be trained in the preparation of

IUFRs and other reports.

The IUFR formats will be agreed during project

negotiations and agreed upon with accounting

staff to ensure that s/he can report on project

expenditures.(did you check on the existing

formats used?

Yes

M

Auditing

Delays in the submission of audit reports,

and the timeliness of management follow-

up on audit issues

S

To ensure timeliness of audit compliance, an

external auditor acceptable to the Bank will be

engaged 6 months after effectiveness.

Supervision missions will follow up on

compliance with audit recommendations; the

National Audit Office (NAO) will oversight the

recruitment of the external auditor.

No

M

Overall Risk Rating S M H - High S – Substantial M – Moderate L - Low

In order for the Bank to obtain reasonable assurance on the use of funds, the following features

of a financial management system should be in place:

The PMU should have an adequate number and mix of skilled and experienced staff;

The internal control system should ensure the conduct of an orderly and efficient payment

and procurement process, and proper recording and safeguarding of assets and project

resources;

The accounting system should support the project's requests for funding and meet its

reporting obligations to the Bank and the Government;

An independent, qualified external auditor should be appointed to review the Project's

financial statements and internal controls.

25

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Financial Management System

Strengths: The oversight responsibility of the MoFWNAM will enhance internal auditing and

will also help to strengthen fiduciary compliance. The Ministry has previous experience in

executing donor financed projects such as the EU, JICA and IDB. The provision of funding to

recruit additional qualified staff for the PMU will further strengthen the capacity and help

mitigate the identified fiduciary risks.

Weaknesses: The major weakness is that the current staff in MoFWRNAM has no previous

experience in implementing projects under AfDB rules and procedures. This limitation can lead

to delays, errors, and non-compliance with eligibility criteria and other financial convents. In

mitigation, the Project launch mission will orient project staff in all the relevant Bank rules and

procedures, and these will be coupled with periodic training.

Budgeting Arrangements

The budgeting process for the project is driven by the Annual Work Plans and fully integrated

into the planning process of the PMU. The budget will be reviewed and approved by the TAC

and the NSC. Planned activities in the budget contain details of objectives, expected outcomes,

and performance indicators. The first year budget and work plan for this project was finalized

prior to effectiveness.

Accounting Arrangements

The Project Accountant will be responsible for overall financial management and the day- to-

day processing of financial data of the project. S/he will also be in charge of liaising the financial

reporting to the Bank and the Ministry. Currently, the Accountant of the existing PMU relies on

mostly a combination of manual records and Excel spread sheets to capture and record

transactions. A review of the existing system revealed that accounting software which was

procured for use by the unit has been abandoned due to lack of periodic maintenance

Under the project, the PMU will be purchasing an accounting software package, which will both

serve the project's financial management and accounting needs, and be adopted by the PMU for

its regular operations. The system will be made operational within six months after project

effectiveness, and in the interim, the PMU will use Excel spreadsheets to record transactions.

Internal Audit: The MoFWRNAM Internal Audit Department in collaboration with the National

Audit Office (NAO) will ensure compliance with government procedures. The duties of internal

audits include reviewing the internal control systems of the EA, and conducting special

investigations. Project implementation will benefit from the Audit Unit's responsibility to

conduct regular reviews of operations and financial transactions for the entire Bank’s funded

activities.

External Auditing: The National Audit Office (NAO) of The Gambia has primary responsibility

for auditing of all government projects. Yet, donor funded projects do not fall under the mandate

of the NAO, and their requirements for audit services are contracted to private firms after

authorization from the NAO. Under the project, this arrangement will be followed in line with

Bank's procurement guidelines. The appointment of the Auditor should be finalized within six

26

months of effectiveness in order to comply with audit covenants and ensure timely audit of

project expenditures. A copy of the Bank’s new Terms of Reference (TOR) for Audit would be

made available to the project during negotiation.

Disbursement Arrangements

The Project’s expected cost is UA 4.95 million, which will be disbursed over a 4-year period.

Disbursements and payments will be managed by the PMU.. All approvals and payments will be

processed at the PMU level. The Ministry (EA) will be responsible for the preparation and

submission of withdrawal applications to the Bank.

A Special Account (SA) in foreign currency will be opened at the Central Bank of The Gambia

on terms and conditions acceptable to the Bank, for the purpose of receiving the grant proceeds.

Upon fulfillment of conditions precedent to first disbursement, the SA will receive an initial

deposit equivalent to six (6) months’ expenditure forecast. Subsequent releases into the SA will

be made against replenishment requests approved and supported by appropriate documents as

specified in the Disbursement Letter. Invoices and supporting documents will be submitted

directly to the PMU for payments.

Disbursement will be made by direct payment &/or payment orders to the suppliers and

contractors for the ICB and NCB packages and for consultancy services in line with the

thresholds as stated in the Disbursement Letter. Other payments, including community

mobilization, hygiene promotion and education, as well as related operational costs will be paid

using the Special Account method. Other Bank disbursement procedures could also be used if

necessary. All supporting documentation related to various proceeds disbursed will be retained

by the PMU for review by Bank supervision missions and external auditors. The Bank's FM

team will periodically assess the adequacy of the FM systems, and these assessments will form

the basis of any change in disbursement methods.

Supervision Plan

The project will be supervised twice a year. FM will be an integral part of those supervisions.

There will also be desk reviews of the quarterly IFRs and the annual audited Financial

Statements.

Financial Reporting Arrangements

The PMU will be responsible for generating quality and timely quarterly Interim Unaudited

Financial Reports and any other financial reports as may be required during implementation.

These reports should clearly show, at a minimum: sources and uses of funds use of funds by

project activity/component, expenditure summary by category code, and cash flow forecast, as

well as bank statements showing the activities of the Special Account. Financial reporting under

the project will be based on transactions; therefore, proper record keeping is essential for

generating accurate Statement of Expenditure returns. Accurate IFRs will be prepared for each

quarter depicting the budgeted or planned expenditures against the actual expenditures as

indicated above. The IUFRs will be submitted to the Bank within thirty (30) days after the end of

each quarter. The Formats of the various periodic financial monitoring reports will be discussed

and agreed during negotiations.

27

The financial management system of MFWRNAM is sustainable with the support to be provided

by the project to the PMU. The PMU will maintain accounts for the Project showing all the

required Project financial details, including expenditures by component, category and financing

source. The Ministry (EA) will be responsible for the preparation and submission of withdrawal

applications. Tables 4.1 below give the expenditure schedule of the project by component.

Table 4.1: Expenditure schedule by component [UA equivalents]

UA

Components 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total

1 Water supply and Sanitation

Infrastructure

57,750 1,155,000 1,010,625 664,125 2,887,500

2 Support to Institutional Strengthening

and Capacity building/training

181,834 212,139 121,223 90,917 606,113

3 Hygiene Promotion and Education 60,469 141,094 120,938 80,625 403,125

4 Project Management Framework 113,793 170,689 170,689 113,793 568,964

Total base cost 413,845 1,678,922 1,423,474 949,460 4,465,701

Physical contingency (5%) 22,936 93,050 78,892 52,621 247,500

Price Contingency (2%) 89,314 81,037 47,459 18,989 236,799

Total Project Cost 526,096 1,853,009 1,549,825 1,021,070 4,950,000

Table 4.2: Sources of financing (‘000 UA)

UA'000 %Total

Source Foreign Local Currency Total

1. ADF 888 222 1,110 22.43

2. RWSSTF 2,864 716 3,580 72.32

3. GoTG - 150 150 3.03

4. Communities - 110 110 2.22

Total 3,752 1,198 4, 950 100

The cost of the project organized by category of expenditure is presented in table below

Table 4.3: Project cost by category of expenditure [‘000 UA equivalents]

Categories of expenditure UA ‘000

Foreign Local Total Costs % foreign

A. Works 1,528 359 1,887 81

B. Goods 838 114 952 88

C. Services 471 575 1,046 45

D. Miscellaneous 134 447 581 23

Total base cost 2,971 1,495 4,466

Physical contingency 177 70 247 72

Price Contingency 170 67 237 72

Total project cost 3,318 1,632 4,950 67

28

B5. Procurement Arrangements

All procurement of goods and works and acquisition of consulting services financed by the Bank

will be in accordance with the Bank's Rules of Procedure for Procurement of Goods and Works or,

as appropriate, Rules of Procedure for the Use of Consultants, using the relevant Bank Standard

Bidding Documents. The PMU will be responsible for the procurement of goods, works, services

and miscellaneous items as detailed in Table B5.1 below.

29

Table 5.1 Summary of Procurement Arrangements (figures in millions)

* “Other” may be LIB, Shopping, and Procurement under Community-Based Investment or Direct Contracting.

30

Scope of Procurement on the Project

Civil Works

5.1 Procurement of civil works for rehabilitation of boreholes including installation of

elevated water tanks construction, totaling UA 715,000, and piped networks and reticulation

system, totaling UA 708,000, will be carried out under International Competitive Bidding (ICB)

procedures. The scope and value of these works are likely to attract foreign competition.

Procurement of civil works for new drilled boreholes and surface works totaling UA 206,000 will

be carried out under National Competitive Bidding (NCB). Procurement of Ventilated Improved Pit

Latrines (VIP) in public institutions (schools and rural health centers) and public places (markets,

bus stations) totaling UA 138,000 will be carried out under NCB. The contract values are small and

works are scattered geographically.

5.2 Procurement of VIP latrines for households totaling UA 325,000 and valued at less than UA

50,000 per contract will be carried out through Bank’s guidelines for Procurement under

Community-Based Investment Project. For this purpose, the Project provides skilled labor (artisans,

masons and carpenters) and materials such as cement, rods, wheel barrows and fencing material.

The Community provides land on which the toilet is constructed; labor to dig the pit, water during

the construction and sand. The local artisans (masons and carpenters) will receive training from

DCD for constructing the household VIP latrines. The acquisition of materials (cement, rods, wheel

barrows and fencing material) for constructing household VIP will be carried out through NCB. The

Manual of procedures of the PMU will determine the administrative, accounting and financial terms

of the Community-Based Investment.

Goods 5.3 The acquisition and installation of solar systems comprising solar panels and solar pumps

valued in total at UA 756,000 will be awarded under one contract through ICB procedures. The

value of goods is likely to attract foreign competition. The acquisition of IT and office equipment

valued at UA 69,000 will be carried out under NCB. The nature and value of the goods may not

attract foreign competition and there is adequate number of qualified local suppliers available in the

country to guarantee large competition. The vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles valued at UA

211,000 and training and awareness materials valued at UA 19,000 will be procured through

shopping. The goods are readily available off-the-shelf goods for small value.

Consulting Services 5.4 The acquisition of consultancy services shall be carried out through Short-Listing and the

method of selection shall be as follows. QCBS for the recruitment of consulting firms for design

(sites survey, network design and studies) and works supervision, valued at UA 76,000; the selection

of consulting firms for sanitation baseline survey, valued at UA 27,500; and the selection of

Consulting firm for implementation of hygiene education, valued at UA 295,000. This last

assignment emphasizes participation and considerable local knowledge; the short list may comprise

entirely NGOs.

5.5 LCS for the recruitment of Audit firm, valued at UA 37,500. The recruitment of PMU

individual consultants valued at UA 288, 000 will be carried out accordingly with Bank’s rules for

selection of individual Consultants.

31

5.6 The PMU staff (Coordinator, RWS Engineer, SS Specialist, M&E Expert, Accountant,

Secretary and driver) through contract(s) will be recruited through press advertisement opened to

Gambian nationals only. The annual renewal of contracts of the PMU staff will be based on

performance contract subject to Bank’s no objection. However, for other individual consultants like

Procurement specialist, the selection method shall be through the Bank’s procedures for the

selection of individual consultants.

5.7 For contract amounts valued at less than UA200,000 for Firms and UA50,000 for

individuals, the Borrower may limit advertisement of the procurement to national or regional

newspapers. However, all eligible consultants, who wish to provide the required services, may

express their interest to be short-listed. For contract valued at more than UA200,000 for Firms and

UA 50,000 for individuals, advertisement of the procurement must be placed on the UNDB online

and the Bank’s website.

Training

5.8 The Community training, totaling UA 106,000 and support to Water and sanitation

working Group, totaling UA 279,000 will be acquired by Short List and the selection method is

QCBS. The promotion of Community Led-Total Sanitation (CLTS) at household level will be on

the responsibility of DCD. DCD will ensure the training of local artisans (masons and

carpenters) for constructing the household VIP latrines.

Miscellaneous/Operational logistics

5.9 Procurement of miscellaneous items during the operation of the project (operating

expenses), totaling UA 568,000 will be procured through shopping. Contracts for Staff training,

valued at UA 56,000 and support to DWR and DCD, valued at UA 20,000 will be acquired

through direct negotiation because the vendor public Institutions have the needed experience

and knowledge in training communities and have been assessed to be the most qualified

institution to oversee the implementation of the trainings. DWR will sign a Memoranda of

Understanding (MOU) with DCD, which would have prior approval of the Bank.

General Procurement Notice

5.10 The text of a General Procurement Notice (GPN) will been agreed with PMU and it will

be issued for publication in UN Development Business online and on the Bank’s web site, upon

approval by the Board of Directors of the Grant Proposal.

Review Procedures 5.11 The following documents are subject to review and approval by the Bank before

promulgation: General Procurement Notice, Specific Procurement Notices, Tender

Documents or Requests for Proposals from Consultants, Tender Evaluation Reports, including

recommendations for Contract Award (goods/works), or Reports on Evaluation of Consultants'

Proposals, Draft contracts (goods/works), if these have been amended and differ from the

drafts included in the tender documents, Reports on Evaluation of Consultants' Financial

Proposals, including recommendations for Contract award, minutes of negotiations and duly

initialed contracts documents.

32

Post Review 5.12 Contracts for goods and works valued up to UA 15,000 shall be approved by the

Executing Agencies, and will be subject to post review by the Bank. Procurement documents,

including solicitations of price quotations, evaluation sheets and contract awards will be kept by

the EAs for periodic review by Bank supervision missions. The procurement post review audits

to review the correctness of the procurement activities will be carried out during the first

supervision mission after the procurement activities are completed. However, the Bank reserves

the right to conduct its procurement audit at any time during the project implementation.

National Law and Regulations 5.13 The national procurement Laws and Regulation of The Gambia have been reviewed

during a Country Procurement Issues Paper (CPIP) in 2005 undertaken by the World Bank. The

Legal and Regulatory Framework is governed by the Public Procurement Act which came into

force in July 2003. The action plan emphasizes the need to strengthen capacity, in order to

improve accountability, integrity and transparency of public procurement and reduce the scope

for waste of resources and corruption. It focuses on fundamental issues which are to be

addressed: (i) Revision of Public Procurement Act to remove conflicting functions of GPPA (ex

ante approval, ex post review and appeal responsibility) and to enable Community Driven

Development (CDD), (ii) Revision of Regulations to clarify domestic preference and small

enterprises preference, (iii) Improve the Institutional Capacity, (iv) Streamline Procurement

Procedures and Market Performance, and (v) Improve the Integrity of the Public Procurement

System. As the recommendations have not been fully implemented by the Government of the

Gambia, procurement under Bank financing will be in accordance with the Bank’s rules and

procedures.

5.14 The Project Management Unit (PMU) will be responsible for the procurement of goods,

works, consulting services, training and operating cost items. The PMU will be formed around

an existing Islamic Development Bank (IDB) financed PMU currently implementing a RWS

Project. An assessment undertaken by the Appraisal Mission on the IDB project revealed that,

with additional strengthening in staff levels, the IDB PMU has the core skills and experience

which the Bank could use in implementing the RWSSI Project. The requirements for the PMU to

effectively implement the RWSSI Project include a Procurement Specialist (part-time) to

undertake all procurement related activities on behalf of the Unit. The Procurement officer will

be recruited through a competitive process accordingly with Bank’s rules and procedures for

selection of individual consultants.

Procurement Plan

5.15 The Bank shall review the procurement arrangements proposed by the Borrower in the

Procurement Plan for its conformity with the Loan Agreement and its Rules. The Procurement

Plan shall cover an initial period of at least 18 months. The Borrower shall update the

Procurement Plan on an annual basis or as needed always covering the next 18 months period of

project implementation. Any revisions proposed to the Procurement Plan shall be furnished to

the Bank for its prior approval.

B6. Audit Arrangements

The PMU will maintain accounts for the Project showing all the required Project financial

details, including expenditures by component, category and financing source. MoFWRMA, will

be responsible for the preparation and submission of withdrawal applications. The internal audit

33

procedures of the executing agency shall be adhered to ensure compliance with policies,

procedures, laws and regulations as well as to appraise the economy and efficiency of the project

funds. An external auditing firm, acceptable to the Fund, will undertake annual audit of the

Project. Certified copies of audited accounts will be submitted to the Bank by the EA within six

months after the end of each financial year. The cost of auditing services will be met from the

project funding.

Internal Audit: The MoFWRNAM Internal Audit Department in collaboration with the National

Audit Office (NAO) will be involved in internal audits to ensure compliance with government

procedures. The duties of the Internal Audit will involve reviewing the internal control systems

of the EA, and conducting special investigations. Project implementation will benefit from the

Audit Unit's responsibility to conduct regular reviews of operations and financial transactions for

the entire Bank’s funded activities.

External Audit: The National Audit Office (NAO) of The Gambia has primary responsibility for

auditing of all government projects. However, audits of donor-funded projects are contracted to

private firms after NAO authorization. Under the project, this arrangement will be followed. The

PMU will be responsible for recruiting the audit firm in accordance with the Bank rules and

NAO regulations. The appointment of external auditors will be appointed within six months of

the Project’s effectiveness. This will be to ensure compliance with audit covenants and ensure

timely audit of project expenditures. A copy of the Bank’s new Terms of Reference (TOR) for

Audit will be given to the project during negotiation for their adoption and use.

The External Auditor will be appointed for a period of up to three years duration, subject to

satisfactory performance. The auditor will be recruited through short-listing. All audits will cover

both financial and technical sides of the projects.

Payments: The External Auditor will be paid directly from the project funds.

Circulation of Audit Reports: The audit report will be circulated to the Bank Group by the EA

within six months from financial year end.

34

B7. Economic and financial analysis

GAMBIA: RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

PROJECT (RWSSP)

ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION (ECONOMIC RATE OF

RETURN)

Currency : The analysis has been done in US Dollars.

Exchange Rates : 1 USD is equivalent to Gambian Dalasi GMD 30.

Project Life : 25 years life span is assumed.

Beneficiaries : A total population of approximately 65,000 in 2012 projected to

reach approximately 123,105 in 2040.

I - Economical Analysis

Cost: Project cost is estimated at UA 4.95 million (USD 7.92 million) of which 72 % will be in

foreign currency and the remaining 28% in local currency. All costs exclude physical, price

contingencies.

Investment Cost: The financial cost of the project has been converted into economic cost by

calculating their border price equivalents. Since the Gambia economy is partially open, there is

therefore need for shadow pricing of costs and benefits. A standard Conversion Factor of 0.80

has been applied on all local costs of the project.

Operation and Maintenance Costs: These are the incremental costs of treatments labour,

energy, spare parts, and other necessary maintenance inputs. These are estimated at 5% of the

initial investment value.

II - Economic Benefits4

Reduction of time in search for water-Time savings will be made through reduction in the time

spent in fetching water from sources outside homes. Currently, engaged population with water

fetching in the targeted areas spend 1 hour a day-each in fetching water. When the project is

realized time devoted to fetching water will be reduced by 40% as households will no longer be

fetching water from remote sources. The time savings will be approximately 2.9 million man

hours per year. Assuming an hour rate based on monthly minimum wages of 60 Dollars (USD

0.34/hour), the time savings will be approximately USD 0.796 million, considered in local

benefits.

Increase in productivity- The benefit is the result of the increase in productivity resulting from

reduction of absenteeism from work due to water-borne diseases such as Malaria, diarrheal,

dysentery, and skin disorder. Time savings resulting from reduction in absenteeism are assumed

4 Figures for this assumption are based on the Integrated Household Surveys 2003/04, and the MoFWRNAM

reports.

35

to be 4 days for Malaria, and 3 days for both diarrheal and dysentery. The number of cases

reduced for these decease is reduced by 40,860 cases a year and the cost of treatment per case is

DL 300 (USD 10).

Health Benefits: The assumption of the health related benefits are as follows: (i) the potential

incidence of water borne diseases, projected according to population living in the targeted areas

with no adequate water supply and sanitation services; (ii) an estimated 30%5 reduction in

disease incidence (i.e. Malaria, diarrheal, dysentery, and skin disorder) accrue from improved

water supply and sanitation services by virtue of increased quality, quantity, and regularity of

water supply and sanitation services. These benefits reflect containing the cases of water and

sanitation borne diseases and the savings in medical treatment costs.

Salvage Value: Most of the project facilities (pumps, solar power units, distribution system,

tanks etc., except civil works) would have almost reached the end of their economic live, such

that the salvage values would be negligible and would not make an impact on the evaluation of

the project EIRR. Hence, and as a conservative measure for the computation of the EIRR, no

residual value has been considered at the end of the project’s life span.

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity analysis carried out indicated that the economic aspect of the project is moderately

sensitive to increases in project costs and reduction in benefits. Sensitivity analysis conducted show

that an increase of 15% in project investment cost leads to a drop of the EIRR to 18.73%, while a

15% reduction in benefits would cause the EIRR drop to 18.30%. A combination of both these

factors will cause EIRR to decline to 15.74%. In all cases, the EIRR remains greater or equal to the

opportunity cost of capital in The Gambia

5 This figure is based on the 1991 WHO report “Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis,

diarrhea, hookworm infections, schhistosomisais and trachoma”

36

Calculation of the Economical Rate of Return

37

B8. Environmental and Social Analysis

B 8.1 Environmental Analysis: Background

The DWR under the Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters was

formed under the National Water Resources Act of 1979. The National Environmental

Management Act (NEMA, 1994) is the umbrella legislation establishing the National

Environment Agency (NEA) as a semi-autonomous agency under the Office of the President and

a major stakeholder in the development of the water sector. The legislation gives the NEA vested

powers to enforce environmental regulations.

Environmental review, key findings and recommendations

The ESMP is currently being compiled by a local consultant and will be finalized by the end of

August. The project is classified as having no significant impact and requires no approval from

the NEA. However NEA has indicated that they must be consulted with regard to the finalization

of the ESMP because they are charged with monitoring compliance. NEA will also have to

review the construction of public sanitation facilities in markets and make a decision as to

whether any authorization is required.

Impacts

The main environmental and social impacts resulting from the rural water and sanitation project

will include; creation and expansion of burrow pits: excavations to source building material and

to build foundations will result in burrow pits; dust; soil erosion of the excavated topsoil; noise

pollution which is inevitable during construction of boreholes; loss of vegetation and

encroachment of alien invasive species; air pollution, water (aquifer pollution from the pit

latrines; disruption of water supply where upgrading is being done; water pollution and poor

management of water around water points; increased subsistence farming which could in turn

lead to use of fertilizer and also increased sedimentation; visual intrusion which will arise from

the erection of service reservoir tanks on hills and with regard to abstraction points in the

upstream areas; lowering of the underground water table and possibility of affecting other users

by reducing their borehole yield; over-abstraction and groundwater depletion leading to salt

water intrusion.

Mitigation

Mitigation of negative impacts listed above will include among others limiting the amount of

bare soil to avoid erosion and silt transport during high intensity rainfall events. Where practical,

the excavated topsoil will be stored for reuse. In order to retain the natural vegetation cover,

individual trees of conservation importance that are within the proposed project area will be

marked and avoided during vegetation clearing. Clearing of old mature trees will be avoided and

re-vegetation will be done to ensure indigenous species are not dominated by alien species.

Construction areas will be cordoned off to ensure safety of the passer-by; noise pollution will be

controlled by working during working hours only and using appropriately maintained machinery

with emissions below 85 decibels. Disruption of water supply during upgrading will be managed

through communication and giving adequate prior notice. Visual impacts will be minimized by

careful siting, landscaping and planting of vegetation around the developments. Aquifer

management and protection will be ensured through detailed pumping tests analysis. Aquifer

38

contamination will be prevented by siting the sanitation facilities away from shallow aquifers.

The cost of mitigation is being finalized as part of the ESMP.

Benefits

The project has some benefit as well in that, provision of adequate and safe water within

reasonable distance from homes will free up time for girls and women and result in increased

girls attendance in schools and women will use their time for income generating activities.

Availability of water as envisaged in this project will be coupled with hygiene awareness and

training and this will result in minimization of water borne illnesses. The project will also create

jobs and this will inject money into the local economy for the duration of the construction. Due

to the use of solar panels, there will be permanent Security jobs and all in all the socio-economic

development in the community will be enhanced. The project through its awareness and training

will incorporate other aspects that will empower village development committees and their

subcommittees to think out of the box in terms of devising subprojects that will ensure income

generation for the communities and hence reliable and adequate funds for the maintenance of the

facilities.

Legal and Other requirements

The national legislation in The Gambia does not differ from the Bank’s policies and procedures

on environment and social issues. This will ensure harmonization of monitoring and reporting

requirements. The Gambia’s legislative requirements for this project do not require any form of

authorization while the Bank’s procedures require preparation of an ESMP. However, this is not

necessarily a difference because discussions with the NEA have shown that they would want to

be part of the ESMP finalization so as to ensure adequate monitoring. Some of the legal

instruments relevant to environmental and social aspects of this project are given below.

The government of The Gambia subscribes to regional and international declarations such as:

The eThekwini Declaration: which sets the global bar for progressive and ambitious political

commitment on sanitation to aid Africa to meet the sanitation MDGs.

Sharm-el-Sheick Declaration(2008): which seeks to increase efforts to implement past

declarations on water and sanitation (WatSan); raise the profile of sanitation by addressing the

gaps in eThekwini Ministerial Declaration on sanitation; create conducive environment to

enhance the effective engagement of Local Authorities, Private sector and CSOs; build

institutional and human resources capacity at all levels and mobilize increased donor and other

financing for the water and sanitation initiatives

The Abuja Declaration (2009): which was designed to review progress made on national action

plans towards achieving the eThekwini Action Plan and ministerial commitments, commitments

made at the African Union Summit held in Egypt in 2008, how support can be provided for

realizing both commitments, and to identify the challenges, constraints and steps to be taken to

address them.

Furthermore the Government of The Gambia has the following national requirements pertaining

to water and sanitation.

The National Health Policy Statement (2008) has as its main mission “to promote and protect

the health of the population”; “enhance commitment to the reduction of the burden of disease in

39

the population through …. further advocacy for increased access to safe water for the population

to reduce incidences due to water-borne diseases and poor sanitation”

The Draft Pubic Health Act (2008) was revised to improve on the 1990 Act. It has given

substantive consideration for public and environmental health and other related matters. The Act

empowers the Minister of Health to make regulations relating to the collection, removal and

sanitary disposal of rubbish, night soil and other offending matter. The Act also mandates the

Director of Health Services, who heads the Department of Public Health (DPH), inter alia, to

abate nuisances and to remove or correct any condition that may be injurious to public health.

The Draft Pubic Health Act 2008 covers many relevant sanitation issues such as: food hygiene,

prevention and control of infectious diseases, occupational health and safety, slaughter houses,

control of animals and adherence to international health regulations. It is a strong public health

inspection tool, but with inadequate provision on sanitation issues. It states that ‘It should be a

national objective for all levels of Government to take all necessary steps and measures to

promote safe, reliable and adequate water management systems for all citizens.

The Occupational Health and Safety Policy (2007) aims at integrating occupational health and

safety into national health policies and strategies, through partnership with other sectors. It seeks

to promote healthy and safe workplaces in both the formal and informal sectors, develop and

strengthen occupational health and safety institutions, and strengthen inter-sectoral collaboration

and coordination between stakeholders, with the health sector taking the lead role.

The Gambia Utilities Act (1972) establishes the National Water and Electricity Company

(NAWEC) as a private enterprise with the responsibility to provide potable water and electricity.

NAWEC is also given responsibility for the evacuation of the wastewater/sewage which results

from the use of potable water by the population. No distinction is however made between urban

and rural service provision, though NAWEC’s area of activity is largely limited to the Greater

Banjul Area and the 10 provincial growth centers.

The National Water Policy provides the legal, institutional and strategic framework for water

resources management and development in the Gambia. All aspects of water resources are given

attention. The accent is on the development of capacities to meet increasing demand in all areas,

not only for drinking water supply. The criteria for potable water quality, which are defined in

the ‘Water Quality Standards for Surface Fresh Waters and Groundwater’ attached to the

Environmental Quality Standards Regulations (1999), are based on the World Health

Organization (WHO) Conventions on water quality.

The National Water Policy has however made insufficient provision for sanitation issues. The

provisions of the policy also create a conflicting situation on the issue of institutional

responsibility for sanitation issues, in having to identify NAWEC(the National Water and

Electricity Company), which is a public enterprise with a commercial and profit-making

mandate, to serve as a lead agency for an issue like sanitation which has a largely non-profit

social responsibility.

The National Environment Management Act (1994) is a conglomeration of laws and

regulations applicable to environmental protection in the Gambia. The laws and regulations

concern public health and pollution control as well as natural resource management. The

40

National Environment Agency (NEA) was set up in 1994 by the National Environment

Management Act (NEMA). The Act empowers the Agency, inter alia, to identify and classify

materials, processes and wastes that are dangerous to human or animal health and the

environment.

NEMA has not however made adequate provision for basic sanitation and hygiene services

supply and enforcement.

The Draft Waste Management Bill (2007) is designed to complement the National

Environment Management Act (NEMA), by filling the enforcement gaps in the existing

environmental legislation in the area of waste management, and thereby ensuring that NEMA

environmental protection principles are complied with in respect of international principles and

standards on waste management.

The Anti-Littering Regulation (2008) considers indiscriminate littering as a public offence. It

also introduced a nationwide monthly cleansing exercise, locally known as “Set-Setal”, to

promote proper environmental sanitation and hygienic practices among the population.

The Gambia Public Utilities Regulatory Act(2008) establishes the Public Utilities Regulatory

Agency (PURA) as a regulator for public utilities such as electricity, telecommunications,

drinking water supplies, wastewater and waste management. PURA’s institutional mandate also

permits it to recommend and administer a licensing system for public utilities, the periodic

assessment of tariffs imposed on customers and the efficiency of service delivery. The agency

has established a National Consumer Parliament to provide a platform for consumer-supplier

interaction in evaluating service delivery, responding to consumer complaints and so on.

The National Education policy (2004-2015) elaborates on the expansion of the number of

schools, the required number of classrooms, and related school facilities such as sanitary and

water facilities. The National Education Policy makes no provision for hygiene and sanitation in

the school system, yet the issue is considered critical to the proper and total quality management

of the schools. The Policy failed to set basic principles, guidelines and standards for the

provision and use of water and sanitary facilities in schools. Notwithstanding this omission in the

policy document, the sector has made significant steps in ensuring the provision of basic sanitary

facilities and services in the school environment.

National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC), Company’s Act, 1995 established

NAWEC, which assumed the role and responsibility conferred to the private sector utilities

company set up under The Gambia Utilities Act, 1972. The Memorandum of Association makes

it accountable for the provision of water supply, power generation and sanitation services across

the country. The National Utilities Company (Water Supply) Regulations describe the

mechanisms for tariff setting – private connections, public buildings, industries and agriculture –

with payment methods. The regulations also outline the penalties for misuse and damage of

water installations.

Forestry Act, 1998 covers the protection, exploitation and development of the country’s forestry

resources. In the Act the Declaration of Water and Wind Erosion Areas and Protection Forests

states that:

41

1. Part IX (77) - The Secretary of State may, by Notice published in the Gazette, declare any

lands to be water or wind erosion areas; and,

2. Part IX (79) - In relation to lands so declared, the Secretary of State may make

regulations for the purpose of preventing water and wind erosion.

Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticide Control and Management Act, 1999 sets norms and

establishes licensing procedures in these areas. It contains no water-related or water-specific

issues; and thus, there is no legislation regarding chemical contamination of either ground or

surface water sources, through either chemical spillage or the residues of pesticide or chemical

fertilizers from agricultural activities.

Waste Management Act, 1999 covers ‘the safe management of waste’, and waste management

licensing. The Act delegates the NEA as the Waste Regulation Authority with the responsibility

for waste collection and waste disposal being vested with designated authorities.

Environmental Quality Standards Regulations, 1999 prescribes water (fresh, ground, and

saline water), and air quality standards. The DWR is represented on Environmental Quality

Standards Board. Section 5 (1) states ‘The environmental quality standards set out in Schedule 1

shall apply in respect of ambient air, saline waters, surface fresh waters and groundwater’. The

NEA shall ensure that standards set out in Schedule 1 are maintained.

Environmental Discharge Permit Regulations, 2001 deals with the discharge of ‘dangerous

material’ into the air, water and onto land. It establishes standards and prescribes procedures

whereby discharge permits are assessed, approved and in the case of violation, withdrawn.

The Local Government Act (2002) defines the role of local government institutions ― such as

Area Councils, District Authorities, Ward Development Committees (WDCs), Village

Development Committees (VDCs), public health institutions, schools, and agricultural

infrastructures in local governance. The Local Government Act defines the responsibility of

Local Government Authorities in ensuring general hygiene and sanitation, as well as the

provision of public services such as portable water, wastewater and waste management. A

drawback in the implementation of the Local Government Act (2002) is that it entrusts the

Minister of Health responsible for the administration of the Public Health Act (2008) to delegate

service provision to local governments. The delay however, in delegating basic services like

sanitation and general hygiene to local governments is a major contributor to the low sanitation

situation in the country. This situation justifies the development of a comprehensive framework

for ensuring the effective and efficient coordination of institutional mandates and responsibilities

on sanitation.

National Water Resources Bill, 2004 (draft) describes the previous approach to water

resources management and while partially in line with this Policy many of the international best

practices related to IWRM are absent and it will require major revision. Once it has been

brought into line with the Policy, it will provide the enabling framework for implementing the

Policy. The main elements of the 2004 Water Bill include:

1. Section 8 – reaffirming the role of NWR Council whose functions include the

‘formulation of an overall water resources policy, approve funds, undertake engineering

works and implement management systems’;

42

2. Section 14 – recognizing the DWR as the line body whose functions include the

‘initiation of a system of water rights and regulate the development and use of water

resources, monitor and safeguard the quality of water resources, manage the hydro-

meteorological system, undertake investigations and planning and develop and

implement cost recover mechanisms’; and,

3. Section 16 – reaffirming the NWR Committee as the executive arm of the Council whose

functions include ‘coordination and approval of projects, promotion of sector basin and

master plans, establishment of a licensing system for users of water, promote a review of

existing legislation, and provide the Council with technical support’.

Draft Fisheries Act, 2006 is administered by the Department of Fisheries and Water Resources

and is concerned with the regulation, protection and exploitation of the country’s fresh and sea-

water fisheries. The Act defines ‘fisheries waters to mean inland waters, the territorial sea and

the marine waters of the Gambia’, and in:

1. Part VI – Aquaculture (32) - encourages the promotion and development of aquaculture

in The Gambia; and,

2. Part VI – Aquaculture (33) - provides for the allocation, by the appropriate Department of

State or Ministry, of lands for aquaculture development.

B8.2 Stakeholder Consultations

Consultation meetings and workshops were undertaken with the following stakeholders whose

responsibilities in terms of national law are also provided.

STAKEHOLDER RESPONSIBILITIES Ministry of Health

and Social Welfare The lead Ministry with responsibility for overall coordination, creating an enabling

environment for sanitation interventions of all stakeholders in the different sectors

and regions and monitoring sanitation standards in households, schools and public

facilities. □ Enforce health policies and legislations to promote improved sanitation and proper

hygiene practices Promote sanitation social marketing approaches to promote good hygiene and

prevention of sanitation related diseases Ensure a comprehensive health services deliveries Prosecute offenders of the Public Health Act and Regulations Provide technical backstopping through posting of PHO to the LGAs for improving

the sanitation service deliveries Network and collaborate with development partners to improve service deliveries.

Ministry of Local

Government and

Lands

Enforce legal regulations on land administration and use Enforce physical planning regulations and housing developments Provide the technical backstopping to the lined departments under the Ministry Network and collaborate with development partners to improve service deliveries.

Department of

Water Resources In partnership with the Ministry , develop and implement policies for the national

water resources management In partnership with the development partners, implement programs to provide

potable water supply systems and improve sanitation in the rural communities Assist village communities in the management of their water supply systems Conduct water quality monitoring country wide

43

Manage and run the water quality laboratory in Abuko Provide technical advice and guidance for groundwater extraction in the Gambia Focal point for the World Metrological Organization (WMO).

National Water

and Electricity

Company

(NAWEC)

Supply water, electricity and sewerage in urban and peri-urban areas of the Gambia Establish and implement policies and systems to manage sewerage in the Tourist

Development Area (TDA) and Banjul city (collection and disposal) . electricityde

National

Environment

Agency (NEA)

Enforce the National Environmental Management act Implement policies and legislations on environmental management and standards Develop thorough regulatory instruments and enforce legal standards for effluent

disposals Implement environmental education & conservation programmes Monitor, identify and control the importation and use of toxic and hazardous

materials to the public and the environment Department of

Basic and

Secondary

Education

(DoBSE)

Implement policies and programs for basic and secondary education Ensure that basic standards are adhered to by all schools Establish and conduct systematic monitoring of basic and secondary schools Provide the human and the material support to public basic and secondary schools,

including the provision of sanitary facilities Provide training of teachers and ancillary staff on sanitation

Department of

Community

Development

(DCD)

Support the formation and strengthening of community institutions for better

management and sustainability of development interventions Work as partner with the communities to identify problems and develop/apply

possible solutions Establish and implement an Appropriate Technology and Research Unit to build

and strengthen the community skills Conduct community sensitization for effective participation to enhance ownership

and sustainability Training of community artisans on low-cost latrine construction

UNICEF Support Governments efforts to improve health and to reduce morbidity among the

poor and vulnerable population.

Consultations outcomes

The following issues came out of the consultations;

i. Women vegetable gardens were seen as a crucial component to be serviced in terms of

latrines;

ii. The Gambia already has a Water and Sanitation Working Group but is currently dormant

and needs to be revitalized at National, and Regional levels to ensure smooth

implementation of the project by all the responsible parties. In addition it was seen as

necessary to ensure VDC’s exist in all communities involved in the project and then

strengthen their capacity and that of relevant subcommittees through training courses.

The issue that such VDC’s may become dormant after the implementation of the project

was raised, it was therefore recommended that the project should also introduce

complimentary initiatives that will ensure income generation for the long term

sustainability of the project and maintenance;

44

iii. It was recommended that there should be short training courses for key staff of DCD on

new sanitation technologies and Ministry of Health on new technologies for hygiene

promotion and education;

iv. There was a recommendation to train the DCD technical department for the construction

of latrines so that costs can be reduced. This pertains to community toilets not ones

requiring super structures such as the ones planned for public places;

v. The teams raised the fact that there is a risk of the toilets not being used if the education

and awareness is not done adequately.

B8.3 Social and Gender Analysis

General Background Context:

As at the last national census in 2003, Gambia had a population of 1.4 million with an urban-

rural differential of 62% and 38% respectively. With a growth rate of 2.8%, it is estimated that

the population would grow to 2.04 million by 2015, MGDs target date. In an effort to

proactively check the population trend which was not in tandem with sustainable socio-economic

growth, the government in 2006 adopted a new population policy (2007 - 2015) that amongst

others seek to reduce the growth rate and as well address some of the socio-economic indices.

HEALTH

The health outcomes in the country though worrisome show a progressive move towards the

MDGs with infant mortality rate of 75 per 1000 live births, under-5 mortality rate of 93 per 1000

live births and maternal mortality ratio of 566 per 100,000 live births (as at 2006). These poor

health indicators have been attributed to many factors including the inadequate access to water

and sanitation facilities particularly in the rural parts of the country. The incidence of diarrhea,

malaria, typhoid, cholera and other water-related diseases which are major causes of child

morbidity and mortality in the country are directly related to the insufficient access to water and

sanitation services. Reports in the Gambia have shown reduction in deaths arising from diarrhea,

malaria, and cholera in some communities following water and sanitation interventions.

Childhood Illnesses: Communicable diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality

among children under five years, especially those living in poor conditions. Children who

succumb to illness miss out on school, damaging their future prospects as well as the future

economic health of their societies. Poor families are forced to spend a large proportion of their

income on treating their children which damages the family’s ability to improve their economic

status. Malaria, respiratory tract infections, and diarrhea have been implicated as the major

causes of child deaths (about 60%) in The Gambia as depicted in the graph below.

45

Distribution of Causes of Death in Children Under Five in The Gambia.

Source: WHO, 2008

Malaria

Malaria has been identified as the leading cause of death in children under five in The Gambia.

Studies have revealed that malaria is responsible for about 39% of clinic visits by under-5

children in The Gambia. A malaria indicator survey also shown that 21.1% of children below 5

years had fever (malaria) 2 weeks before the survey.

In the World Malaria Report 2008, an estimated 247 million cases of malaria, (2006 WHO

figures) led to almost 881,000 deaths worldwide, with over 75 percent of these deaths among

African children under five years of age.

Diarrhea

In The Gambia, there has been conflicting figures on diarrhea prevalence rate but The Gambian

baseline survey on WASH puts it at 24% among children under five. Diarrhea has also been

implicated in about 1.7 million child deaths each year worldwide.

Causes

Diarrheal diseases are caused by ingestion of contaminated water and food or by poor hygiene

and sanitation practices. They are most prevalent in areas where people struggle to find clean

water for drinking, cooking and sanitation. Untreated diarrheal episodes can cause severe

dehydration and electrolyte imbalance (loss of essential minerals from the body) resulting in

death.

In addition to the inadequate safe water and sanitary facilities, only 9 percent of Gambians use

soap and water during hand washing, which would be an obvious cause for the spread of

diarrheal diseases.

POVERTY

Approximately 60% of Gambians are classified as poor with a large rural-urban disparity of

67.8% to 39.6% respectively in poverty rates. However with regards to gender, 48% of males

and 63% of females are considered poor, with 15.1% of females and 8.5% of males classified as

extremely poor. An Integrated Household Survey conducted some years ago indicated that while

poverty is found in all parts of the country, extreme poverty can be found more in rural areas

Distribution of Causes of Death in Children Under

(2008)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Malaria Pneumonia Other Diarrhoea Pre maturity Birth Asphyxia Neonatal

sepsis

Injuries Congenital

abnormalities

Measles

%

46

than in urban areas, and that poverty affects women on a greater scale than men6. Women and

children are placed at greater risk to abuse and exploitation as they seek ways to earn needed

income. Children from poor households may be kept out of school in order to contribute to

family income or tend children while parents work or are engaged in farming and heath can be

negatively affected if needed medications are not affordable or provided by health facilities

To address this general poverty and the gender dimension, the government introduced several

policies and programmes for poverty alleviation including PRSP ii (2007 – 2011) which has

gender mainstreaming as pillar 5, Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (PRGS), National

Gender Policy 2010 - 2020 as well as several credit schemes.

WASH

Access to water is 75% while to sanitation services is put at 48% with significant urban/rural

disparities in both cases (80% : 70% for water and 55% : 40% for sanitation) which are

improvements following the interventions by the government and development partners in the

sector in recent years. However, the successes so far obtained fall short of MDG expectations

and face the possibility of reversal due to the current dysfunctional state of some of the

infrastructure and the increasing population and need for the services.

The GOTG has developed policies and strategies including those for water (2006) and Sanitation

& Hygiene (2009 – 2014) with the objective of meeting the challenges brought about by their

poor access to the citizens.

WASH in Schools: In the Gambia, the WASH situation in schools is particularly dire and the

sanitation situation varies greatly between private and public schools, urban and rural schools.

An assessment of 32 schools from all the 6 regions and 2 municipalities throughout the country

revealed that 72.7% of schools get drinking water from taps, while 23% get water exclusively

from wells, and 35% of the taps and 32% of the wells were not functional at the time of the

study. For schools where students had access to portable water, the median pupil: water ratio was

at an abysmally low rate of 630:1. In terms of toilet availability, the median pupil: toilet ratio

was 97:1. The figures were worse in rural public schools compared to urban areas for example, at

one private and urban school, the median pupil: latrine ratio was 20:1 while a rural public school

had a median pupil: latrine ratio of 514:1

WASH in Health Facilities: An institutional assessment conducted in 2009 showed that provision

of toilet infrastructure is appalling. 10% of the centers assessed do not have any form of toilet

facility for outpatients. The median patient: toilet ratio was 43:1, while in a third of the centers,

toilets are not separated by male/female. Generally, WASH conditions in the facilities are often

in appallingly unsatisfactory conditions

WASH in Public Places: In a study, a total of 14 conventional markets and 14 traditional markets

or “Loomos”, where over 100,000 people interact weekly, were assessed throughout the country

in respect to their sanitary conditions. When assessed for access to portable drinking water, such

services were found to be generally poor in mass interaction areas. 9 markets (i.e. 64.3%) were

dotted with at least one tap while only 6 Loomos (46%) had at least one tap but majority of these

taps were however not functional. The availability of toilets on the other hand was found to be

grossly inadequate considering the number of people interacting in such places and the

6 Situation Analysis of Children & Women in The Gambia Draft Report 2010

47

environment was unhygienic and generally unacceptable. Squat toilets were found in 57% of the

conventional markets and 64% of the traditional markets (Loomo).The assessed facilities were

equipped with an average of 2 to 4 toilets without specific gender considerations.

B8.4 Gender Analysis

The target population for project is communities in the 5 rural regions in The Gambia. The

selection process was demand driven with no specific gender criteria but since more women

dwell in the rural regions compared to their male counterparts who often migrate to the cities

(urban centres) in search of jobs, it stands to believe that the project impact will be more on

women. Also, the female gender is more disproportionately affected by the lack of or inadequate

water supply and sanitation facilities. It is the women and girls that are traditionally responsible

for fetching water used for cooking, washing, cleaning and drinking in the household. Often,

they go long distances getting water for the home which affects the time available for other

activities like school attendance, income generating activities etc. The often absence or

unconducive sanitary facilities in schools and other public places affect the dignity of the woman

folk and so reduce their interest in services provided in such places.

Project Effect on Gender Dimensions:

The project is expected to impact positively on female gender in several ways – income, health,

education and politically.

Increased Income: About 90% and 70% of economically active women and men respectively are

involved in rural agriculture in The Gambia. With the safe water provided under the project,

majority of these women will have ‘freed time’ from the fetching of water and attending to sick

children (due to water related diseases) for use in their farms and or other economic activities.

Some of the women will also serve as laborers and petty food vendors during the constructions

and borehole drillings thus improving their income.

Political Empowerment: Given the commitment of the project to promoting gender equality and

women empowerment, it is anticipated that women would become more politically empowered

and relevant in the communities through active participation in VDCs activities including

decision making pertaining to development planning and management in the communities. The

current situation where there are only 8 female councilors (10%) of the total 80 elected in the 5

rural councils of the country will likely witness improvement.

Health: The high maternal mortality ratio of 556 per 100,000 live births in the country has been

linked to poverty (>60%), illiteracy (in rural areas only 30% of women are literate) and poor

quality of health services. The project is expected to improve on this through reduction in

malaria, diarrhea and other water-related diseases incidence as well as freeing of the health

burden on women attending to their sick children and family members in hospitals. Increased

female literacy rates arising from improved school attendance and survival rates will bring about

a decrease in earlier pregnancies and better self-care before, during and after childbirths.

Education: For the girl-child, school attendance is expected to increase as the project will ensure

provision of separate toilet facilities for boys and girls in schools. The availability of water in

households through the project will eliminate the burden of spending hours fetching water

therefore freeing time for the girl-child school attendance.

48

In general, women confidence and dignity is expected to be maintained or restored through the

improved sanitary facilities in schools, public places and households.

Risks

The likely gender risks under the project include;

1. The possibility of the rural female headed households (about 12.8%) not benefiting from the

facilities due to inability to pay, and

2. Alienation of the female gender in decision making at the community level.

Mitigation Measures:

* The communities have a mechanism for identification and payment exemption for the very

poor or indigent persons or households. This exemption mechanism shall be strengthened and

enforced under the project.

* The local government act 2002 provides for women involvement in decision making at

community level by stipulating and identifying women as mandatory members of village

development committees (VDCs). The VDCs have the constitutional responsibility for all

development planning at the village level and serve as the local entry point for all development

assistance to the villages. The project shall through gender mainstreaming and women

empowerment training and sensitization campaigns/programmes to key decision makings ensure

implementation of the act.

Though the project has the general objective to improve access to sustainable water supply and

safe sanitation in the rural areas, it has a gender dimension in that women and girls are the

greater beneficiaries as already explained.

The country gender profile as well as the gender assessment conducted prior to this time brought

out important issues that informed the project design.

B8.5 Social Specific Issues

Social Benefits:

The project is expected to contribute to the efforts of the government towards meeting the MDGs

and to the general wellbeing of the people in the benefiting communities. Access to safe and

sustainable water supply and improved sanitation facilities brings about improved health

resulting in reduced time in hospital attendance, reduced cost on medicines, and more time and

energy for economic or income earning activities. The envisaged socio-economic impact of the

project is enormous.

Impact on Health:

* Reduce incidence of water- related diseases like diarrhea, malaria, trachoma, cholera, typhoid

etc. thereby contributing to reduction in child mortality which is currently put at 93 per 1000 live

births.

* Reduce or mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS by reducing the chances for opportunistic water

related infections. HIV prevalence rate is low (1.4%) but women are more affected (75%).

Impact on Education:

The project will assist in moving the country towards meeting MDG 2 i.e. “Achieve universal

primary education” by contributing to improvement in the school attendance and survival figures

49

particularly of the girl-child. It is anticipated that survival shall improve from the present 60%

for grade 9 and 26% for grade 12 to 70% and 30% respectively. The provision of access to safe

water supply and improved sanitation has been demonstrated to result in positive impact on basic

education through several means. First is the relief from the traditional role of water fetching

from long distances for the girls thus providing time for school attendance and retention.

Secondly, the provision of separate sanitation facilities (toilets) at the schools also encourages

school attendance for both sexes.

The access to water and sanitation made possible by the project will attract teachers to these rural

communities which is expected to impact positively on the leaning and education outcomes of

children in the schools. Chronic early childhood diarrhea often due to poor water supply and

sanitation/hygiene practices may cause impaired brain development with the resultant negative

impact on a child’s learning achievements. With this project, these water-related diseases that

may affect child development will be significantly reduced thereby allowing for full learning

achievements.

Community Empowerment:

* Capacity building for the VDCs under the project will improve their ability to manage

themselves and general services including water and sanitation in the community.

* Department of Community Development is expected to train about 150 community volunteers

on construction of household toilets and sanitation facilities thereby equipping them for future

job prospects.

* The project will provide job opportunities for about 500 unskilled laborers and artisans in the

communities as it is committed to using some of these groups of people in the construction of the

sanitation facilities and drilling of boreholes in the project sites.

* The construction period will offer opportunities for some form of petty trading to women in the

communities.

Risks

* None use of the facilities (water and toilets): This will arise is the siting is bad and

unacceptable to the end users.

* Thief: The borehole pumps and other infrastructure are liable to been stolen by unscrupulous

members of the society.

Mitigation Measures:

* Sites for the water points and public toilets shall be jointly identified by the end users with

strong women involvement and the government operatives.

* The communities will recruit guards whose responsibility it is to secure the water

infrastructure. Theses shall be paid from the monthly contributions made by beneficiaries as the

operations and maintenance costs for the installed facilities.

Stakeholders Participation:

At every stage of this project formulation (identification, preparation, design and appraisal), key

stakeholders including the direct beneficiaries/communities, public sector, NGOs development

partners were consulted and their views used in finalizing the project document. Some of the

agencies and institutions dialogued with and the summary outcomes of the discussions at

appraisal are listed under the environmental analysis section above.

50

The major stakeholders shall be involved at all levels of the project circle – implementation,

monitoring, reviews and evaluation. Depending on their areas of expertise and or legal

responsibilities, ministries/agencies shall take lead in specific activities under the project. For

example, the ministry of health shall take the lead in the sanitation and hygiene promotion while

the Department for Community Development (DCD) shall lead others in the processes leading to

the eventual construction of the sanitary facilities. The Department of Water Resources (DWR)

shall take responsibility as lead agency in the provision of boreholes while the women’s bureau

shall lead gender mainstreaming activities including gender training.

B 8.6 Monitoring & Evaluation

To ensure that the project is managed efficiently and that project benefits are maximized and

reach target groups, M&E will be a key activity during implementation. Monitoring activities

will be conducted periodically to gather information from multiple sources to determine whether

inputs have rendered expected benefits to the target population. The M& E process will also seek

to detect any deficiencies and discrepancies between the plan and execution of the Project so that

timely corrections can be made to improve resource efficiency, benefits, outcomes, and impacts.

Indicators to be monitored have been formulated and agreed upon with the Executing Agency,

and presented in the log frame. Selected indicators, which include the Bank’s Core Sector

Indicators, pertain to physical progress, project impact with disaggregated data to demonstrate

benefits with targets for gender, capacity-building activities, and institutional reform activities.

The PMU will update the baseline physical and socioeconomic data in each of the five project

regions, submit a detailed implementation plan for monitoring performance, and prepare

benchmark information for the Bank’s review and concurrence 3 months after work begins in a

particular Region

The implementation and monitoring processes are planned to be participatory in nature and shall

involve all key stakeholders including the beneficiaries’ themselves. At the national level the

DWR through the PMU in collaboration other partners shall conduct monitoring site visits

routinely just as the MDFTs in collaboration with the local councils conduct theirs and report to

the national coordinating team. At the ward and community levels, the DWCs, VDCs and VWCs

with assistance from MDFTs will be responsible for monitoring at those levels.

Social & Gender Related Indicators:

- Number of artisans trained by sex

- Number of gender-segregated public and school sanitary facilities constructed

- Village water committees membership by sex

- % of female heads of household benefiting from the project

- Number of training on gender mainstreaming or gender related issues conducted for key

project stakeholders

- Under-5 Mortality Rate

- Infant Mortality Rate

- Number of female and male teachers trained in hygiene and sanitation promotion.

51

B9. Project preparation and supervision

The following is a schedule of the key milestones during the preparation of this project.

Activity Date

1. Identification/Preparation March 2011

2. PCN to OPSCOM July 2011

3. Appraisal August 2011

4. Presentation to Senior Management September 2011

5. Negotiations December r 2011

6. Board Approval January 2012

7. Planned Date of Effectiveness June 2012

8. Planned Date of Mid-Term Review March 2014

9. Planned Closing Date December 2015

C1 Monitoring

Indicator Definition

Water Access % of people within 0.5 km of an improved water source

Sanitation access % of people with access to improved sanitation

Hand washing % of people with access to hand-washing facilities

Gender % of water user committees with women holding key positions

Water Quality % of water samples taken at point of water collection (stand

tap)complying with national standards

Management % of water points with actively functioning village water committees

C2. RWSSI Progress Reporting

The project will also be required to report to the Bank on the basis of the attached format (F1)

below.

52

Report Date:

Board Approval date:

Bank Closing Date:

1 Rural Water Coverage(%) 2 Rural Sanitation Coverage(%)

Baseline: as of Baseline: as of

Target: by Target: by

3 Cumulative Additional Population Served (million)

Target:

(1) Water Supply

(2) Sanitation

4 Cumulative New Water Points Constructed

Target:

(1) Hand Dug Wells

(2) Boreholes

(3) Springs

(4) Roof Water Harvesting

(5) Piped Systems (water points)

(6) Others

5 Cumulative Water Points Rehabilitated ##

Target:

(1) Hand Dug Wells

(2) Boreholes

(3) Springs

(4) Roof Water Harvesting

(5) Piped Systems (water points)

(6) Others

6 % of Water Points Functioning

7 Cumulative Sanitation Infrastructure Constructed

Target:

Total Latrines (A+B)

A. Household Latrines

B. Total Public Latrines ((1)+(2)+(3)+(4))

(1) School Latrines

(2) Health Post Latrines

(3) Market Place Latrines

(4) Others

31/12/09 31/12/10 30/06/11

31/12/09 31/12/10 30/06/11

31/12/09 31/12/10 30/06/11

Total Rehabilitated

((1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5)+(6))

31/12/09 31/12/10 30/06/11

Total Constructed

((1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5)+(6))

31/12/09 31/12/10 30/06/11

Country:

- Cumulative Achievement Report -

53

C3. Generic Terms of Reference for the Project Management Unit

Under the overall direction of the Director of the Department of Water Resources, and being

responsible for the day to day management of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project,

the PMU will have the following duties and responsibilities:

Take direct and overall responsibility for the planning, organizing, implementation, and

management of the project, including the technical, administrative, financial, procurement

disbursement quality control, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting tasks and activities.

Prepare detail wok plan, organize and staff the unit for the execution of the project;

Manage, direct, supervise monitor and evaluate the work of consultant to be recruited for

the refining and updating of the components and scope of the works, detail cost estimates,

and supervision of works.

Provide project management services.

Engage Private Sector, contractors, and suppliers to provide works, goods and services

required by the project.

Supervision and evaluation of staff

Advise DWR on ways of improving Project implementation

Prepare monthly and quarterly performance reports, to be submitted to the NSC and the

Bank (quarterly reports);

Participate in the regular review and evaluation of overall progress of the project

Provide on the job training for local staff

MFWRNAM will develop Job Descriptions for each staff that will be hired on the PMU

C4 Terms of Reference for the National Steering Committee

Purpose and Functions

The purpose of the NSC is to provide policy and technical guidance in the implementation of the

project. The key functions of the NSC

1. Review and approve annual work plans and budget within the framework of the financing

agreement and the Project Appraisal Report.

2. Review and approve project outputs – study reports, strategies, draft water bill, etc, and

provide feedback to the consultants and/or the Project Management Unit.

3. Review and approve progress reports and financial reports.

4. Facilitate contacts with national institutions, stakeholders and/or individuals for access to

data and information needed for carrying out the studies.

5. Ensure participation of national institutions and individuals in project activities.

6. Serve as platform for disseminating and sharing information.

7. Resolve conflicts or obstacles to implementation of the project through expeditious

consultations with relevant institutions and stakeholders.

54

Membership

The members of the PSC will consist of senior representatives of the following organizations:

(1) Ministry of Finance and Economy

(2) Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters

(3) Office of the President

(4) Ministry of Local Government and Land/ Department of Community Development

(5) National Environmental Agency

(6) Ministry of Health and Social Welfare /Department of Health

(7) Department of Water Resources

(8) Women’s Bureau

(9) The Association of Non-Governmental Organisations (TANGO

Meetings

The NSC will meet quarterly; but the Chairperson may call an extraordinary meeting to consider

any legitimate matters brought to the NSC’s attention.

55

C5 Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National

Assembly Matters

56

S/N Region/District Village Pop.

2011

Pop.

2020

D/ W/Demand

2020 (m3)

Esti.Max.

Pumping Head

(m)

BH Size

(mm)

Est.Size

Solar (Wp)

Tank size

(m3)

REMARKS

NBR

1 Upper Niumi Maka Bala Manneh, Madina,

Kerr Ngata

971 1160 58 40 150 2500 40 Complete new system

2 Jokadu Touba Angalleh 1063 1270 64 40 150 2600 40 Complete new system

3 Upper Niumi Bantanding Wollof 1095 1309 65 40 100 2600 40 Already has B/H

4 Jokadu Tambana 1072 1281 46 40 100 2200 30 Complete new system

5 Sabach Sanjal Ballo Ebra 1,152 1377 69 40 150 2800 40 Complete new system

CRR

6 Nianija Conteh & Sare Alpha 1,154 1379 69 40 150 2800 40 Complete new system

7 Nianija Sinchu Tafsirr, Buduk,

Sinchu Batch, Sare Janko &

Sare Sidi

1,870 2235 112 40 150 4200 80 Complete new system

8 Niani Wassu & Lamin Kanteh 2,355 2814 141 40 150 5200 80 Complete new system

9 Fulladu West Madina Tunjang 1,117 1335 67 40 100 2800 40 Already has B/H

10 Fulladu West Faraba, Nema & Konko Fula 1,106 1322 66 40 150 2800 40 Complete new system

11 Fulladu West Tabanani 1,091 1304 65 40 100 2800 40 Already has B/H

12 Fulladu West Taifa, Sare Futa & Sinchu

Dambelli

1,987 2375 119 40 150 4800 80 Complete new system

URR

13 Kantora Song Kunda 1,346 1609 80 40 100 3000 40 Already has B/H

14 Jimara Gambissara Lamoi 1,574 1881 94 40 150 4300 60 Complete new system

15 Jimara Gamara, Sare Baga, Madina

Mbayen, Sambou, Likassi &

Ghaltten

1,938 2316 116 40 150 4900 80 Complete new system

LRR

16 Kiang Central Sibito 776 927 46 40 100 2200 30 Complete new system

17 Jarra West Si Kunda 1,234 1475 74 40 150 3000 40 Complete new system

WCR

18 Foni Jarrol Sintet and Sintet Fula Kunda 1,417 1693 85 40 150 3500 60 Upgrading

19 Foni Kansala Kangfenda and Burrock 1,226 1465 73 40 150 3000 40 Complete new system

20 Foni Bintang Sibanorr Upgrading 4,013 4796 240 40 200 (2) 40 Kva Gen 100 Upgrading

21 Foni Brefet Ndemban Upgrading 2,196 2625 131 40 150 3000 - Upgrading

22 Foni Brefet Bullock Upgrading 3,326 3975 199 40 150 (2) 5300 - Upgrading

C6. Project Villages

TECHNICAL DATASOCIAL DATA

FONDS AFRICAIN DE DEVELOPPEMENT

CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION

Résolution N° F/GM/2012/07

Adoptée par le Conseil d’administration selon la procédure de non-objection, le 13 février 2012

Octroi d’un don à la République de Gambie en vue de financer une partie des coûts en devises

et une partie des coûts en monnaie locale du

Projet d’alimentation en eau et assainissement en milieu rural

LE CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION,

VU les articles 1, 2, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 et 26 de l'Accord portant création du Fonds africain de

développement (le "Fonds"), les directives de financement du FAD-12 telles que prévues dans le Rapport

sur la Douzième reconstitution générale des ressources du Fonds, l’Allocation des ressources du FAD-

12 par pays actuellement applicable et la proposition de don contenue dans le document

ADB/BD/WP/2012/06/Approbation - ADF/BD/WP/2012/04/Approbation (le "Rapport d'évaluation") ;

NOTANT la disponibilité de ressources suffisantes pour permettre au Fonds d’engager le montant du

don ;

DECIDE ce qui suit :

1. de consentir à la République de Gambie, sur les ressources du Fonds, un don d'un montant

maximum équivalant à un million cent dix mille unités de compte (1 110 000 UC) en vue de

financer une partie des coûts en devises et une partie des coûts en monnaie locale du Projet

d’alimentation en eau et assainissement en milieu rural ;

2. d’autoriser le Président du Fonds à conclure un protocole d'accord entre le Fonds et la

République de Gambie, selon les modalités et conditions définies dans les Conditions générales

applicables aux Protocoles d’accord du Fonds et dans le Rapport d’évaluation ;

3. le Président peut annuler le don si le protocole d’accord n’est pas signé dans un délai de cent quatre-

vingts (180) jours à compter de la date d’approbation du don ; et

4. la présente résolution entre en vigueur à la date susmentionnée.

BANQUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT FONDS AFRICAIN DE DEVELOPPEMENT

CONSEILS D’ADMINISTRATION

Résolution N° B/GM/2012/05 – F/GM]/2012/08

Adoptée par les Conseils d’administration de la Banque et du Fonds

selon la procédure de non-objection, le 13 février 2012

Octroi d'un don à la République de Gambie sur les ressources du Mécanisme de don multi

donateurs relatif à l’Initiative pour l’alimentation en eau et l’assainissement en milieu rural en

vue de financer une partie des coûts en devises et une partie des coûts en monnaie locale du

Projet d’alimentation en eau et assainissement en milieu rural

LES CONSEILS D’ADMINISTRATION,

VU (i) l’Accord portant création de la Banque africaine de développement (la "Banque"), en particulier les

articles 1, 2, 32 et 50 ; (ii) l'Accord portant création du Fonds africain de développement (le "Fonds"), en

particulier, les articles 2, 8, 26 et 42 ; (iii) l’Accord de don multi donateurs relatif à l’Initiative pour

l’alimentation en eau et l’assainissement en milieu rural (IAEAR), signé par la Banque et le Fonds et certains

donateurs ; et (iv) le rapport d’évaluation contenu dans le document ADB/BD/WP/2012/06/Approbation -

ADF/BD/WP/2012/04/Approbation (le "Rapport d’évaluation") ;

RAPPELANT les résolutions B/BD/2006/02 et F/BD/2006/01 adoptées par chacun des Conseils

d’administration de la Banque et du Fonds, tel qu’applicable, approuvant le texte de l’accord relatif au

Mécanisme de don multi donateurs IAEAR en vertu duquel la Banque et le Fonds gèrent les ressources du

Mécanisme de don multi-donateurs ;

DECIDENT ce qui suit :

1. de consentir à la République de Gambie sur les ressources du Mécanisme de don multidonateurs

IAEAR, un don d'un montant maximum équivalant à quatre millions d’euros (4 000 000 EUR) en

vue de financer une partie des coûts en devises et une partie des coûts en monnaie locale du Projet

d’alimentation en eau et assainissement en milieu rural ;

2. d’autoriser le Président à conclure un protocole d’accord entre la Banque et le Fonds, d’une part, et la

République de Gambie, d’autre part, selon les modalités et conditions définies dans les Conditions

générales applicables aux Protocoles d’accord du Fonds et dans le Rapport d’évaluation ;

3. le Président peut annuler le don si le protocole d’accord n’est pas signé dans un délai de cent quatre-

vingts (180) jours à compter de la date d’approbation du don ; et

4. la présente résolution entre en vigueur à la date susmentionnée.