fpwp];jpaYk; ,ul;rpg;gpaYk; - Apocalypse-Bible

Christology.Soteriology.engl.6.2019 © Roland Kleger 0

fpwp];jpaYk; ,ul;rpg;gpaYk;

kPl;gUk; kPl;Gk; rk;ge;jkhd Ntjhfkj;jpd; Nghjid

Ehyhrprpau; Nuhyd;l; f;Nsfu;

(Roland Kleger)

Kreuzlingen, June 2019

Copyright © Roland Kleger, Doctor of Theology, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen (Switzerland)


1. mwpKfk; fpwp];JtpayhdJ ,ul;rfuhfpa fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;j Ntjhfk Nghjid MFk;. ,ul;rpg;gpayhdJ ,ul;rpg;ig (kPl;ig) Fwpj;Jk;> mjid jdpg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; chpj;jhf;FtJkhd Nghjid.1 Kjyhtjhf kPl;G Vd; mtrpak;? vd;w Nfs;tpia ehk; ek;;ik Nehf;fp tpdht Ntz;bAs;sJ. kPl;gH vd;w xUtH ,Ug;ghuhdhy; kPl;ig Ntz;b epw;Fk; ahNuh xUtH epr;rakhf mq;Nf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ntjhfk khdpltpayhdJ Mjhk; VthSila tPo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J kDFykhdJ Kw;wpYkhf NfL nfl;l epiyapy; (rPHnfl;l>ghtk; epiwe;j) cs;sJ vd;gijg; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ (xg;. Nuhk 3:10>23@ 5:12@ vNg 2:1-3@ rq; 51:7). ghtk; kuzj;jpw;F top elj;JfpwJ (Nuhk 6:23). Njtd; jkJ md;gpd; epkpj;jk; kdpjd; njhiye;J Nghf tpUk;gtpy;iy (vNr 18:23 xg;gpLf). khwhf> mtd; kde;jpUk;gp (2NgJ 3:9) ,ul;rpg;ig fz;lilaNt mtH tpUk;GfpwhH (2jPNkh 2:3-4). kdpj tPo;r;rpapd; tpisTfshf ghtk;> kuzk;> epahaj;jPHg;G Mfpait fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtDf;F kPl;G mtrpakha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gpd;tUk; tiuglk; ,jid njspTg;gLj;JfpwJ:

kdpjDila tPo;r;rpAk; ,ul;rpg;gpd; topAk; gpd;tUk; tiuglj;jpd; %ykhf fhz;gpf;fg;gl KbAk;:

NjtDila rpj;jk; rhj;jhdpd; rpj;jk; ,jpypUe;J ehk;

,jpypUe;J> tPo;r;rp Kjy; RghtkhfNt kdpjd; flTsplkpUe;J gpupe;Jk;> rhj;jhdpw;F mbikg;gl;Lk; thOfpdwhd; vd;w Kbtpw;Nf ehk; tUfpd;Nwhk;. (xg;. rq; 51:7-8@ Vrh 59:2@ vNg 2:1.3).

1 fpwp];Jtpay;: fpNuf;f jiyg;ghd fpwp];Nlh]; vd;gJ fpwp];J mjhtJ mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;ltH (Christ, i.e.

the Anointed One) vd;gjhFk;. “NyhNfh];” (lógos) vd;gJ ,r;re;jHg;gj;jpy; Nghjidia (teaching) Fwpf;fpwJ. ,ul;rpg;gpay; : fpNuf;f thHj;ijahd “Nrhl;lh;” (sōtēr) vd;gjd; mh;j;jk; ,ul;rfH vd;gjhFk;. mjd; ngaHr;

nrhy;yhd “NrhNlhpah” (sōtēría) vd;gjd; mHj;jk; “,ul;rpg;G” vd;gjhFk;. vdNt> fpwp];Jtpaypy; ehk; ,ul;rfiuf; Fwpj;Jk;> kPl;gpaypy; ehk; kPl;Gk; mjid chpj;jhf;FtJk; Fwpj;J ehk; NgRfpNwhk;.

Njtdplj;jpw;F kPz;Lk; elj;jpr; nry;Yk; thry;

rhj;jhdpd; mbikj;jdj;jpy;

NjtDldhd cwtpy; cs;s

kdpjd;

tpLjiyAzu;thy; kdpjd; jd;id Njtdplj;jpypUe;J gphpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;whd;

rhj;jhdpd; rpj;jk; Nghy; thOk; kdpjd;

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpw;$lhf

mbikj; jdj;jpypUe;J kdpjd; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;

,NaRtpd; ghteptHj;jp kuzk;

rpYit


,t;tphpTiuapy; gpd;tUk; %d;W jiyg;Gf;fisf; Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;JNthk;:

1. kPl;gH vDk; egH 2. kPl;ghpd; gzpAk; %tif me;j];Jk; 3. kPl;Gk; mij chpj;jhf;FjYk;

,q;Nf fpwp];Jtpaiyf; Fwpj;Jk; kPl;gpaiyf;Fwpj;Jk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; %d;W Kf;fpa Gjpa Vw;ghl;L trdq;fs; ,Njh:

gpjhthdth; Fkhuid cyful;rfuhf mDg;gpdhnud;W ehq;fs; fz;L rhl;rpapLfpNwhk; (1Nahth 4:14)

mtuhNyad;wp NtnwhUtuhYk; ,ul;rpg;G ,y;iy, ehk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLk;gbf;F thdj;jpd; fPnoq;Fk;> kD\h;fSf;Fs;Ns mtUila ehkNkay;yhky; NtnwhU

ehkk; fl;lisaplg;glTk; ,y;iy. (mg; 4:12)

mjw;F mth;fs;: fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jit tpRthrp> mg;nghOJ ePAk; cd; tPl;lhUk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtPh;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhu;fs;>…(mg; 16:31)


II. NjtDila kPl;gpd; jpl;lk;

A. NjtDila kPl;gpd; jpl;lkhdJ fpwp];Jtpy; nka;g;gpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ (epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ)

ghtj;jpy; tpOe;J Nghd kDf;Fyj;ij kPl;gjw;fhf Njtd; nra;j vy;yhtw;iwAk; “,ul;rpg;G” vd;w thHj;ij cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. cyfNjhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghf Njtd; Vw;gLj;jpa kDf;Fyj;jpw;fhd Nkw;gb jpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd vy;yhtw;iwAk; Njtd; nra;J Kbj;Js;shH vd;gijNa ,t; ,ul;rpg;G my;yJ tpLjiy vd;w gjk; cs;slf;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

epj;jpaKk; rHt QhdpAkhd Njtd; kdpjd; ghtk; nra;thd; vd;gij Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jpUe;jhH. Njtd; mjid mg;gbahf ,Uf;f tpUk;gpdhH vd;Wk;> mjdhy; mtH mjw;F nghWg;ghsp vd;Wk; fUj KbAkh? epr;rakhfNt ,y;iy> rhj;jhDk; mtidg; gpd; njhlh;e;j J}jHfSk; NjtDf;F vjpuhf fyfk; nra;jJ Nghd;Nw kdpjd; ed;ik jPik njupAk; jdJ Rje;jpuj;ij rd;khHf;f RahjPdj;ij jtwhf gad;gLj;jp tpl;lhd;. (xg;.ntsp 12:2-3@ Vrh 14:9ff@ vNr 28:11ff@ 2NgJ 2:4@ A+jh 2). Njtd; jkJ ike;jd; ,NaR fpwp];J%yk; gilj;j ,e;j mfpyj;jpd; kPJ vg;NghJk; ,iwikAld; Ml;rpnra;fpd;whh; ,dpAk; nra;thh; vd;gij mJ xUNghk; khw;wg;Nghtjpy;iy. (xg;. Nahth 1:3ff@ nfhNyh 1:15@ vgp 1:2-3). Njtd; kdpj Fyj;ij ghtj;jpypUe;J kPl;gjw;fhf jd;Dila Fkhuid ,e;j cyfj;jpw;F ehk; mDg;GthH vd;Wk; (1NgJ 1:20)>fpwp];J ,NaRtpy; cs;s fpUigapd; miog;ig ahH Vw;Wf;nfhs;thH vd;Wk; Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jpUe;jhH (xg;.Nuhk 8:29-39@ rq; 139:14-16). NjtDila Kw;Wk; KOikAkhd jpl;lk; cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;djhfNt ,Ue;jJ… mg;gbapy;yhtpby;> Njtd; Njtdhf ,Uf;f KbahJ> my;yJ Ntjhfkk; $Wfpd;w epj;jpakhd rHt ty;yikAs;s> rh;t QhdKs;s Njtdhf ,Uf;f KbahJ.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhd ,e;j ghpG+uzkhd jpl;lk; epr;rakhf:

NjtDf;Fk; kDf;Fyj;jpw;Fkhd If;fpak; rPHnghUe;jg;gz;zg;gLfpwgbahy; NjtDf;F ,J gphpakhAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glj;jf;fjhAk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ghtj;jpd; tpistpdhy; kdpjd; Njtdplj;jpypUe;J gphpf;fg;gl;lgbapdhy; ghtj;ij ghpfhpf;f gyKs;sjha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

NjtDila thHj;ij epr;rakhfNt epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;bAs;sjhy; ghtj;jpw;fhd epahaj;jPHg;ig nraw;gLj;Jtjpy; mJ nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjha; cs;sJ. (xg;. Mjp 2:16-17@ Nuhk 6:23@ vNr 18:4@ vz; 23:19).

ghtj;ij Muk;gpj;J itj;jtdhfTk;> itf;fpwtdhfTk; rhj;jhd; ,Ug;gjpdhy; (xg;.Nahth 8:44@ vgp 2:14-16@ 1Nahth 3:8). nfhiyfhuDk;> gioa ngha;aDkha; ,Uf;fpw mtid ty;yik ,of;fr; nra;a mJ nraw;jpwd; kpffjha; ,Uf;fpwJ.

jdJ #oNyhLk; gpw kdpj cwTfNshLk; jdf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; rkepiy Fog;gkilfpd;wJ vd;W kdpjd; epidf;fpd;whd; vd;gij etPd khDlthjk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. vdNt kdpjd; ,jpypUe;J jd;id tpLtpj;Jf;nfhs;s jpahdk;> cstpay; rpfpr;ir vd;w Kiwfisr; ifahSfpd;whd;. kdpj tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gj;jpd;NghJ kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNd kPl;f KaYk; ,e;j gioa Kaw;rpiaNa epidTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.

Mjp 3:7 mg;nghOJ mth;fs; ,UtUila fz;fSk; jpwf;fg;gl;lJ@ mth;fs; jhq;fs;

eph;thzpfs; vd;W mwpe;J> mj;jpapiyfisj; ijj;J> jq;fSf;F miuf;fr;irfis cz;Lgz;zpdhh;fs;.

NtjhfkkhdJ jd;idj;jhNd kPl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; ve;j Kaw;rpiaAk; epuhfhpf;fpd;wJ:


vNu 13:23 vj;jpNahg;gpad; jd; NjhiyAk;> rptpq;fp jd; Gs;spfisAk; khw;wf;$LNkh? $Lkhdhy;> jPiknra;ag; gofpd ePq;fSk; ed;iknra;af;$Lk;.

rq; 49:7ff xUtdhtJ> jd; rNfhjud; mopitf; fhzhky; ,dp vd;iwf;Fk; capNuhbUf;Fk;gb>vt;tpjj;jpdhyhtJ mtid kPl;Lf;nfhs;sTk;> mtdpkpj;jk; kPl;Fk;nghUis NjtDf;Ff; nfhLf;fTq;$lhNj.

,ul;rpg;gpw;F xNu topjhd; cz;L. mJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; ekf;F mUsg;gl;l xNu topahFk; (xg;. Nahth 14:6@ 1Nahth 5:12-13@ mg; 4:12).

Nuhk 4:5 xUtd; fphpia nra;ahky; ghtpia ePjpkhdhf;Ffpwthplj;jpy; tpRthrk; itf;fpwtdhapUe;jhy;> mtDila tpRthrNk mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gLk;.

vy;yh kjq;fSk; chpikg;ghuhl;bdhYk; ve;jnthU Kaw;rpahYk; kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNd ,ul;rpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ. kdpjd; fpUigapdhy; khj;jpuNk ,ul;rpf;fg;gl KbAk; vd Ntjhfk fpwp];jt tpRthrk; khj;jpuNk giwrhw;WfpwJ. Muha;r;rpapd; ,Wjpapy; ghHg;Nghkhdhy; rhj;jhd; jhd; midj;J kjq;fspd; rpU\;b fh;j;jhtha; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtd; xt;nthU jdp kdpjdpw;Fk; mtHfs; mgpyhi\f;Nfw;w Xu; kjj;ij mUStjd; %yk; ghtk; epiwe;j kdpjHfspd; ,Ujaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ntWikia jdf;F rhjfkhf gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;whd;. vdNt> VioahapDk; nry;te;jdhapDk;> fw;wtuhapDk; fy;yhjtuhapDk; gl;lzj;jhdhapDk; gl;bf;fhl;lhdhapDk; jq;fs; jq;fSf;F rhjfkhd kjj;ijj; Njbf;nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. vy;yh kjq;fSk; cz;ikapNyNa rhj;jhDila XH ngha;ahfNth my;yJ kha;khykhd tQ;rfkhfNth ,Uf;fpwJ.

Nahth 8:44 ….mtd; ngha;aDk; ngha;f;Fg; gpjhTkhapUf;fpwhd;…

kPl;igf; Fwpj;J rpe;jpf;Fk; nghOJ NjtDila thHj;ijf;$lhf mtUila cz;ikahd ntspg;ghl;ilj;jhd; epr;rakhf ek;gKbAk;. ek;g Ntz;Lk;: ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH khk;rj;jpy; ntspg;gl;l “thHj;ij” MthH (fpNuf;f nkhopapy; thh;j;ij vd;gJ “NyhNfh];”(logos) vd;w thHj;ijahy; milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ (xg;. Nahth 1:1>14>18). ehk; Kjyhtjhf kPl;igf; Fwpj;J my;yJ ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;J rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; kPl;gpd; mjpgjpahfpa kPl;giuf; Fwpj;J rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk; (Nahth 4:22>42). fHj;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;j Muha;r;rpahdJ fPo;f;fhl;lg;gLfpwgb %d;W gFjpfshf tpghpf;fg;glyhk;.

1.gilg;gpw;F Kd;dhd fpwp];J 2.khk;rkhd fpwp];J 3. khl;rpikgLj;jg;gl;l fpwp];J rpYitapNy ele;j epfo;thdJ cz;ikapNy cyfj;jpdJk; ,ul;rpg;gpd; tuyhw;wpdJk; ika epfo;thf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; jhd; Mz;ltH Mjhikj; jz;bg;gjw;F Kd;ghf ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhd thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij Vd; nfhLj;jhH vd;gij ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

Mjp 3:15 cdf;Fk; ];jphPf;Fk;> cd; tpj;Jf;Fk; mts; tpj;Jf;Fk; gif cz;lhf;FNtd;@ mth; cd; jiyia eRf;Fthh;> eP mth; Fjpq;fhiy eRf;Ftha;.

1

2

3


NjtDila thf;Fj;jj;jkhdJ ,q;Nf XH “Kd;dhd RtpNr\k;” (Proto-Gospel) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nkhl;L kyu;e;J g+thf my;yJ fdpahf ,Wjpapy; cUntLg;gjw;F ,J xg;gplg;glyhk;. ];jphpapd; “tpj;J” my;yJ “re;jjp” MdJ gprhir (rHg;gj;ij) Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xU re;jjpia Fwpf;fpwJ. Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; Njt Fkhudhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J ,t;thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij epiwNtw;Wtijf; fhzyhk; (xg;. fyh 3:16>19@ 4:4-6). ,f;fUj;Njhl;lkhdJ KO gioa Vw;ghl;Lf;$lhf njhlu;e;J tUtij mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. kPl;Fk; ,t;tpj;jpd; tUif milahs Kd;DUtq;fshfTk;;> jPHf;fjhprdq;fSf;$lhfTk; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Njh kpfg;gpugy;akhd rpy cjhuzq;fs;:

Mjp 49:10 “rkhjhd fh;j;jh; tUksTk; ([Šīloh] = owner ) nrq;Nfhy; a+jhittpl;L

ePq;FtJk; ,y;iy> epahag;gpukhzpf;fd; mtd; ghjq;fis tpl;L xoptJk; ,y;iy@ [dq;fs; mthplj;jpy; NrUthh;fs;.”

ahj; 12 : g];fh Ml;Lf;Fl;b (xg;. Nahth 1:29@ 1nfhhp 5:7) Nytp : gpujhd Mrhhpad; (xg;. vgp 4:14-16@ 8:1FF) vz; 24:17-19: “mtiuf; fhz;Ngd;> ,g;nghOJ my;y@ mtiuj; jhprpg;Ngd;> rkPgkha;

my;y@ xU el;rj;jpuk; ahf;NfhgpypUe;J cjpf;Fk;> xU nrq;Nfhy; ,];uNtypypUe;J vOk;Gk;@ mJ Nkhthgpd; vy;iyfis nehWf;fp> Nrj;Gj;jpuh; vy;yhiuAk; eph;%ykhf;Fk;” (xg;. ntsp 22:16).

cgh 18:15ff: “cd; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; vd;idg;Nghy xU jPh;f;fjhprpia cdf;fhf cd; eLNt cd; rNfhjuhpypUe;J vOk;gg;gz;Zthh;@ mtUf;Fr; nrtpnfhLg;gPh;fshf” (xg;. Nahth 4:25-26@ mg; 3:21ff).

2rhK 7:12-13>27 : “cd; ehl;fs; epiwNtwp> eP cd; gpjhf;fNshNl epj;jpiugz;Zk;NghJ> ehd; cdf;Fg;gpd;G cd; fh;g;gg;gpwg;ghfpa cd; re;jjpia vOk;gg;gz;zp> mtd; uh[;aj;ij epiyg;gLj;JNtd;. mtd; vd; ehkj;Jf;nfd;W xU Myaj;ijf; fl;Lthd;@ mtd; uh[;a ghuj;jpd; rpq;fhrdj;ij vd;iwf;Fk; epiyf;fg;gz;ZNtd;” (xg;. Vrh 11:1.10@ vNu 33:15@ kj; 22:42-44@ Y}f; 1:32-33@ mg; 2:29ff@ Nuhk 1:3-4@ ntsp 5:5).

rq; 22:69 Nghd;wit : mNefkhd rq;fPjq;fs; “Nkrpahitf; Fwpj;j rq;fPjq;fs;” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. Vnddpy; mitfs; fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;j jPu;f;fjuprdq;fis cs;slf;fpaitahFk;.

Vrh 7:14 : “Mjyhy; Mz;lth; jhNk cq;fSf;F xU milahsj;ijf; nfhLg;ghh;@ ,Njh> xU fd;dpif fh;g;gtjpahfp xU Fkhuidg; ngWths;> mtUf;F ,;k;khDNty; vd;W NghpLths;” (kj; 1:23).

Vrh 53: kf;fspd; ghtj;ij Rkf;Fk; jhrd; : (khw; 15:28@ Y}f; 22:37@ Nahth 12:38@ 1NgJ 2:22-24).

jhdp 7:13 “,uhj;jhprdq;fspNy ehd; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> ,Njh> kD\FkhuDila rhayhd xUth; thdj;J Nkfq;fSlNd te;jhh;@ mth; ePz;l MARs;sth; ,lkl;Lk; te;J> mth; rkPgj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lhh;” (kj; 24:30@ ntsp 1:7).

kPfh 5:1-2: “vg;gpuhj;jh vd;dg;gl;l ngj;yNfNk> eP A+NjahtpYs;s Mapuq;fSf;Fs;Ns rpwpajhapUe;Jk;> ,];uNtiy Msg;Nghfpwth; cd;dplj;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L vd;dplj;jpy; tUthh;@ mtUila Gwg;gLjy; mehjpehl;fshfpa G+h;tj;jpDilaJ” (kj; 2:6).

rfhp 9:9@ 12:10: “rPNahd; Fkhuj;jpNa> kpfTk; fsp$U@ vUrNyk; Fkhuj;jpNa> nfk;gPhp@ ,Njh> cd; uh[h cd;dplj;jpy; tUfpwhh;@ mth; ePjpAs;stUk; ,ul;rpf;fpwtUk; jho;ikAs;stUk;> fOijapd;NkYk; fOijf;Fl;bahfpa kwpapd;NkYk; Vwp tUfpwtUkhapUf;fpwhh;….. mg;nghOJ mth;fs; jhq;fs; Fj;jpd vd;id Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;J> xUtd;jd; xNu NgwhdtDf;fhfg; Gyk;GfpwJNghy vdf;fhfg; Gyk;gp> xUtd; jd; jiyr;rd; gps;isf;fhfj; Jf;fpf;fpwJNghy vdf;fhf kdq;fre;J Jf;fpg;ghh;fs;” (xg;. kj; 21:5@ Nahth 19:37@ ntsp 1:7)

nghUk; ghYk; ,e;j Kiwapy;jhd; Mz;ltuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];J jd;Dila capHj;njOjiyj; njhlh;e;J vy;yh Ntj thf;fpaq;fSk; (mt;Ntisapy; gioa Vw;ghL) jd;idf; Fwpj;Nj rhl;rpapLfpwJ vd;gij njspTgLj;jpdhH. (xg;. Y}f; 24:27@ 44-46).

“fhyk; epiwNtwpa NghJ” NjtFkhud; ,t;Tyfj;jpy; ntspg;gl;lhH:


fyh. 4:5 “fhyk; epiwNtwpdNghJ> ];jphPapdplj;jpw; gpwe;jtUk;> epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Ff; fPohdtUkhfpa jk;Kila Fkhuidj; Njtd; mDg;gpdhh;”.

“fhyk; epiwNtwpa nghOJ” vd;w gjkhdJ “fhyj;jpd; Kbitf;” Fwpf;fpd;wJ: 1NgJ 1:20 mth; cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Nd Fwpf;fg;gl;ltuhapUe;J> jkJ %ykha;j; Njtd;Nky; tpRthrkhapUf;fpw cq;fSf;fhf ,e;jf; filrpf; fhyq;fspy; ntspg;gl;lhh;.

vgp 1:2 ,e;jf; filrp ehl;fspy; Fkhud; %ykha; ekf;Fj; jpUTsk;gw;wpdhh;@ ,tiur; rh;tj;Jf;Fk; Rje;juthspahf epakpj;jhh;> ,tiuf;nfhz;L cyfq;fisAk; cz;lhf;fpdhh;… gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fs; vOfpd;wd. Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; ,NaR fpwp];J jhk; Vd; Njhd;wpdhH? Vd; mjw;F Kd;ghf mtH Njhd;wtpy;iy? cjhuzkhf kdpjDila tPo;;r;rpf;F gpd;ghf cldbahf Njhd;wpapUf;fyhNk?

B. NjtDila ,ul;rpg;gpd; jpl;lj;jpd; kyHr;rp

Njtd; kdpjid jd;Dila rhaypy; cUthf;fpdhH. mtid MZk; ngz;Zkhf rpU\;bj;jhH (Mjp 1:26-27). kdpjd; Njtrhaiy cilatdha; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vDk; nghOJ mJ mtDf;Fk; mtDila rpU\;bfUf;Fk; ,ilapy; cwTs;stdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij fhl;LfpwJ. kdpjd; jd;Dila rpU\;bfUld; cwT nfhs;tjw;fhfNt rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lhd;. ,jid Mjp 2-3 mjpfhuq;fspy; ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;: ahNt Njtd; kdpjDld; rk;gh\pj;jhH. kdpjd; NjtDila rhaypy; cUthf;fg;gl;l gbapdhy; mtd; mwk; rhu;e;jtdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. rpU\;bfUf;Fk; mtuJ rpU\;bf;Fk; ,ilNa XH md;gpd; cwT fhzg;gLfpwJ. md;ghdJ RahjPdj;jpw;Fk; nghWg;gpw;Fk; ,ilapNy epw;fpd;w xd;whf epw;fpd;wJ. ahNt VNjd; Njhl;lj;jpNy kdpjidg; gilj;J mtDf;F nfhLfFk; gpd;tUk; fl;lisapNy ,e;j RahjPdj;jpdJk; nghWg;gpdJk; vy;iyfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. “Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; kD\id Nehf;fp: eP Njhl;lj;jpYs;s rfy tpUl;rj;jpd; fdpiaAk; Grpf;fNt Grpf;fyhk;.MdhYk; ed;ikjPik mwpaj;jf;f tpUl;rj;jpd; fdpiag; Grpf;fNtz;lhk;. mij eP Grpf;Fk; ehspy; rhfNt rhtha; vd;W fl;lisapl;lhh;” (Mjp 2:16-17). njhpe;njLf;Fk; RahjPdk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifahdJ ,ae;jpuj;ij Nghd;W my;yJ if nghk;ikiag; Nghd;wnjhd;whf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. Jujph;\;ltrkhf> kdpjd; jd;id rHg;gkhdJ (gprhR) tQ;rpf;f ,lq;nfhLj;Jtpl;lhd;. mtd; “Njtidg; Nghy ,Uf;f” tpUk;gpdhd;. mjhtJ> Njtd; mtidf; Fwpj;J jpl;lkplhj XH fhhpaj;ij mtd; tpUk;gpdhd; (xg;. Mjp 3:5-7). rhj;jhd; vd;d ghtj;ij nra;jhNdh mNj ghtj;jpdhNy kdpjid tPo;j;Jtjpy; ntw;wp fz;lhd; (Vrh 24:11-14@ vNr 28:13-17@ 2NgJ 2:4@ A+jh 6). ,Wjp fhyj;jpd; NghJ NjtDf;F vjpuhf kdpjdpd; fyfk; mNj ghtj;jpy; jhd; epiwtilAk;. me;jpf;fpwp];Jthdtd; jd;idj;jhNd Njtdhf fhz;gpj;J jd;id Muhjpf;Fk;gb fl;lisapLthd; (xg;. 2njr 2:4 kw;Wk; ntsp 13:14ff). 2 Njtd; ghpRj;juha; ,Uf;fpd;whH@ mthplj;jpy; vt;tsNtDk; ,Uspy;iy (xg;. Vrh 6:3@ahf; 1:17@ 1Nahth 1:5). kdpjd; Njtrhaypy; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lgbahy; mtUila ghpRj;jk; mtuhy; gilf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; ghpRj;jj;ij Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. (Nytp 19:1@ 1NgJ 1:16). Njtgpurd;dj;jpy; ghtk; thoKbahJ. mj;Jld; Vd; ghtk; Njtdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J XH gphpit nfhz;L te;jJ vd;gjw;fhd fhuzKk; ,Jjhd; (xg;. Vrh 6:5@ 59:2). MjhKk; VthSk; VNjd; Njhl;lj;jpNy ahNtaplk; ,Ue;J jq;fis kiwj;Jf;nfhs;s tpUk;gpa jUzk; ,jid ,d;Dk; njspthf fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. mtHfSila jz;lid mwptpf;fg;gl;l gpd;G cldbahf gujPrhfpa Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J mtHfs; tpul;babf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mjhtJ ahNtapDila gpurd;dj;jpypUe;J

2 ,e;j ghlj;ijf; Fwpj;j mjpfkhd fhhpaq;fis vd;Dila “Ntjhfk khdpltpay;” vd;w tphpTiuapy; kdpjdpd; tPo;r;rp vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; fhzyhk;.


tpul;babf;fg;gl;lhHfs; (xg;. Mjp 3:22-24 3 ). Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb Njtd; tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; tPo;r;rpf;F gpw;ghL mtH MjhikAk; VthisAk; rhfbj;jpUf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf mtH KO gpugQ;rj;ijAk; ehrk; gz;zp Gjpjhf xd;iw cUthf;fpapUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; mij mtH nra;atpy;iy! Vd; nra;af;$lhJ? Vd; nra;atpy;iy? Vnddpy; mtH kdpjid Nerpj;J jk;Kila rhaypy; cUthf;fpdhH. mtDf;fhd kPl;gpd; jpl;lj;ijAk; mtH Vw;fdNt jahhpj;jpUe;jhH. mtUila Fkhud; ,t;Tyfpw;F khk;rkhfp mtDila ghtj;ij (ghtj;jpd; jz;lidia) jd;dpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;bajhapw;W (Vrh 53@ 1nfhhp 1:30@ 2nfhhp 5:21@ vgp 4:14-16@ 9:24-26). ,g;gbahf> NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT rPHg;nghUe;jg;gz;zg;gLfpwJ (Nuhk 5:1-2@ nfhNyh 1:19-20@ vgp 10:19-22). Mdhy; gpjhthfpa Njtd; kdpjDila tPo;r;rpia njhlh;e;J cldbahf jd;Dila Fkhuid mDg;g jPHkhdpf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> ghtj;ij ehrk; gz;Zk; XH ,ul;rfiu mDg;g mtH thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zpdhH (Mjp 3:15@ 1Nahth 3:8). ,e;j thf;Fj;jj;jk; epiwNtWk; kl;Lk; kdpjd; jd; ghtj;jpd; Jf;ffukhd tpisit czuTk;> jd;Dila ty;yikfspdhYk;> topfspdhYk; jd;Dila ,oe;J Nghd epiyapy; ,Ue;J jd;id tpLtpf;f KbahJ vd;w jdJ ,ayhj jd;ikia kdpjd; czu;tjw;fhfNt.

Mjhk; Vths; jq;fSila ghtkd;dpg;ig ngWk; gbahf vd;d mwpTWj;jiy my;yJ vd;dtpjkhd jPh;TKiwia Njtd; nfhLj;jhH vd;gJk; ekf;Fk; njhpahJ. ehk; MNyhridfisj;jhd; Kd;itf;f KbAk;. “Cfk;” (Speculation) vd;w thHj;ij ,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; ,J xU kiwKfkhd juf;FiwTs;s XH mHj;jj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;. khwhf “$w;WfSf;Fg;gpd;dhy; nghjpe;jpUf;Fk; fUj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;” vdTk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. Mjhk; Vths; ghtk; nra;J Njtd; mtHfs; Nky; epahaj;jPHg;ig toq;fpa gpw;ghL mtH Njhypdhy; cilfis nra;J mtHfis %bdhH vd Mjp 3:21 y; thrpf;fpNwhk;. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; mNef jfty;fs; fhzg;gl KbAk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> KO Ntjhfkj;jpd; ntspr;rj;jpy; rpy fhhpaq;fis ehk; mDkhdpf;f KbAk;. xUtH tpyq;fpd; Njhypdhy; cLj;Jtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhapd; XH tpyq;F epr;rakha; rhf Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikjhd; Njtdhy; $lhj fhhpak; xd;Wkpy;iy. mtH xU tpyq;fpd; Njhiy xd;Wkpy;yhikapy; ,Ue;J cUthf;fpapUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; MjpapypUe;J (Mjhk; Vthspd; Gj;jpudhfpa MNgy; jdJ ke;ijapd; Kjw; gyid gypahf;Ftijf; Fwpj;J mJ NgRfpwJ) ahNtahdtH kdpj Fyj;jpd; Kjw;Njhd;wyhdtHfSf;F (tPo;r;rpapd; gpd; cldbahf ,Ue;jtHfs;) xU tpyq;fpd; gypf;$lhf ghtkd;dpg;ig NjLk; gbahf fl;lisfis toq;fpapUe;jhH. khk;rj;jpd; capH mjd; ,uj;jj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy; (Nytp 17:11) ,uj;jk; rpe;Jjy; ,y;yhky; ghtkd;dpg;G ,y;iy vd vgp 9:22 $WfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk;> kdpjd; jhd; ghtk; nra;j gbapdhy; mjd; tpistpdhy; mtd;jhd; cz;ikapy; khpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghtj;jpd; tpisT (rk;gsk;) kuzk; (Mjp 2:16>17@ Nuhk 6:23). ghtk; nra;fpw Mj;JkhNt rhFk; (vNr 18:20). vgpNuaUf;F vOjpa epUgk; fhis> nts;shl;Lf; flh vd;gitfspd; ,uj;jk; ghtj;ijg; Nghf;fhJ vd;gijg; Nghjpf;fpwJ (vgp 10:4). kdpjdpd; tPo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J tpyq;Ffspd; ,uj;jk; xU cUtf my;yJ milahsg;gLj;Jk; mHj;jkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. mJ khk;rkhfg; NghFk; NjtFkhudpd; ,uj;jj;ij (xU glk; Nghd;W) Rl;bf;fhl;baJ. Mdhy; kdpjdhdtd; Mjhkpd; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf gypnrYj;jp rhl;rpapl;lhd;. (1)jd;Dila ght kd;dpg;gpw;fhd mtrpak; (2) jdf;fhd kPl;gpd; fpuaj;ij (fpUghjhu gypahf) ahNuh xUtH nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W jq;fpapUe;jhd; (xg;. khw; 10:45@ vgp 2:9-11). ghpRj;j NtjhfkkhdJ gioa cld;gbf;ifapd; tpRthrpfshy; nra;ag;gl;l ghtq;fs; NjtDila ePba nghWikapd; epkpj;jk; NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; gb nrYj;jg;gl;l gypfSf;$lhf Muk;gf;fl;lkhf %lg;gl;lJky;yhky; ,ul;rfuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,WjpAk; epj;jpaKkhd gypf;$lhf mg;ghtq;fs; Kw;wpYkhf xNuabahf ePf;fg;gl;LtpLk; vd;w vjph;ghHg;igAk; fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ (vgp 9:15). fpwp];jt tpRthrkhdJ XH jHf;fhPjpahdJ: ghtk; nra;fpw kdpjd; rhfNt rhf Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; tpisthf MjhKk; mtDila ght Rghtj;ij Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhz;l mtDila guk;giuapy; tUk; ahtUk; rhf Ntz;Lk;. vy;NyhUk; ghtk; nra;jgbahy; (rq; 51:7@ 3ntsp 22:1-5 ld; xg;gpLf@ Gjpa rpU\;bg;gpy; kfpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpRthrpfs; jq;fs; Kjy; kdpju;fspd; tPo;r;rpf;$lhf ,oe;J Nghd (xU tpjj;jpy;) gujPir kWgbAk; fz;Lgpbg;ghHfs;. me;ehspy; Njtgps;isfs; KfKfkhf Fkhuid khj;jpuk; my;y gpjhitAk; jhprpg;ghHfs; (xg;. Nahth 1:18@ ahj; 33:20@ 1jPNkh 1:17@ 6:16@ 1Nahth 4:12.20).


Nuhk3:10@ 21-23). jd;Dila Ra ty;yikapdhy; ahtUk; ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd epiyapy; ,Ue;J jg;gpf;f KbahJ. Njtd; khj;jpuNk ,jpypUe;J jg;gpf;f xU topia cz;L gz;zyhk;> cz;Lgz;z KbAk;. Mdhy; ,J gioa jPh;itg; Nghy; ,Uf;fhJ. kdpjd; fPo;g;gbatpy;iyahapd; mtd; rhf Ntz;Lk; vd Njtd; vr;rhpj;Js;shh;. Njtd; ngha;Aiuahjtuhifahy; (vz; 23:19) kdpjd; jd; ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l rpf;fyhd #o;epiyapy; ,Ue;J tpLgl VJk; topAz;lh? xNunahUtH jhd;. mJTk; ghtk; ,y;yhj Njtd; xUtH jhd; kdpjDila ghtf;flid nrYj;j KbAk;. Njtd; kdpjdhf te;J ghtpahd kdpjDila ,lj;jpy; khpj;jhy; khj;jpuNk jPHT rhj;jpakhFk;. epj;jpaKk; rHt QhdKk; cs;s Njtd; mehjpapy; ,Ue;Nj ,jw;fhd toptiffis nra;Js;shH. Njtd; kdpjdhf te;J khpf;fNtz;Lkhapd;> mtH Njtd; vd;w epiyia ,of;f Ntz;Lk; vd ehk; Ml;Nrgpf;f KbAk;. ,y;yhtpbd;> mtH khpj;jpUf;f KbahJ! ,J cz;ikapy; Njtj;Jtj;jpd; gd;ikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd NkYk; xU ep&gdkhf cs;sJ. ,J jphpj;Jtj;ij Nghjpg;gjw;fhf XH Kf;fpakhd tpthjkhfTk; cs;sJ. gpjhthfpa Njtd; Fkhudhfpa Njtid kDf;Fyj;jpd; rhHghf khpf;f mDg;gpdhH (Nahth 3:16). FkhudhdtH gpjhtpw;F fPo;g;gbe;J epj;jpa MtpapdhNy jk;ikj;jhNk gypahf nrYj;jpdhH (vgp 9:15). %d;whk; ehspy; mNj Mtpahdtuhy; gpjhthdtH fpwp];Jit capNuhNl vOg;gpdhH (Nuhk 8:9-11@ xg;. 1NgJ 3:18). ,ul;rpg;gpd; jpl;lk;> tpN\rkhf NjtFkhudpd; khk;rkhFjyhdJ Njt J}jHfs; $l cw;WNehf;Fk; mstpw;F ,ufrpakhfNt cs;sJ (xg; 1jPNkh 3:16). gioa Vw;ghl;L jPHf;fjhprpfs; jq;fspy; cs;s fpwp];Jtpd; Mtp Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; fhyq;fisAk; #o;epiyiaAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kad;whu;fs;. 1NgJ 1:10-12 cq;fSf;F cz;lhd fpUigiaf; Fwpj;Jj; jPh;f;fjhprdQ;nrhd;d

jPh;f;fjhprpfs; ,e;j ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;Jf; fUj;jha; Muha;e;J ghpNrhjidgz;zpdhh;fs;@ jq;fspYs;s fpwp];Jtpd; Mtpahdth; fpwp];JTf;F cz;lhFk; ghLfisAk;> mitfSf;Fg; gpd;tUk; kfpikfisAk; Kd;dwptpj;jNghJ> ,d;dfhyj;ijf; Fwpj;jhnud;gijAk;> me;jf; fhyj;jpd; tpNr\k; ,d;dnjd;gijAk; Muha;e;jhh;fs;. jq;fs; epkpj;jky;y> ekJepkpj;jNk ,itfisj; njhptpj;jhh;fnsd;W mth;fSf;F ntspahf;fg;gl;lJ@ guNyhfj;jpypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;l ghpRj;j MtpapdhNy cq;fSf;Fr; RtpNr\j;ijg; gpurq;fpj;jth;fisf;nfhz;L ,itfs; ,g;nghOJ cq;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ@ ,itfis cw;Wg;ghh;f;fj; NjtJ}jUk; MirahapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

fpwp];JNt ,Wjpahd NjtDila thHj;ij (xg;. vgp 1:2). fpwp];Jitj; njhlHe;J kPl;Gf;fhd Ntnwe;j gypAkpy;iy. fpwp];JNt epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; KbthapUf;fpd;whH. (Nuhk 10:4). mj;Jld; mtUila gypf;$lhf xNu jlitapy; tpRthr ghpG+uzkhf;fg;gLfpd;whH.

vgp 10:10.14 ,NaRfpwp];JtpDila rhPuk; xNujuk; gypaplg;gl;ljpdhNy> me;jr; rpj;jj;jpd;gb ehk; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;…. Vnddpy; ghpRj;jkhf;fg; gLfpwth;fis xNu gypapdhNy ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;.

Njtgf;jp epiwe;j taJKjpu;e;j ghpRj;jthd; rpkpNahdpd; cjhuzk; (Y}f; 2:25-35) NjtDf;F gae;j kdpjHfs; vg;nghOJk; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk;> kPl;ghpd; tUifiaf; Fwpj;j thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij ek;gpf;nfhz;bUe;jdH vd;gijAk; fhl;LfpwJ. “fHj;jhpd; fpwp];Jit” (v.26) fhZk; tiu khpf;fkhl;lhH vd rpkpNahidf; Fwpj;J ghpRj;j MtpahdtH ntspg;gLj;jpapUe;jhH. njhd;Wnjhl;Nl kPl;ghpd; tUifiaf; Fwpj;J tpRthrpj;j kf;fs; ,Ue;J te;Js;sdH. Njtd; jk;Kila thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij epiwNtw;WthH vd;Wk; tpRthrpj;J vjpHfhy (guNyhf efuj;jpw;fhf) tho;tpw;fhf fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j NjtDila kdpjHfSila XH gl;baiy vgp 11k; mjpfhuk; ekf;Fj; jUfpwJ. ,e;j mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s V.13 kpfg;nghUj;jkhf ,ijf; Fwpj;j XH rhuhk;rj;ijj; jUfpwJ.

vgp 11:13 ,th;fnsy;yhUk;> thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zg;gl;litfis milahky;> J}uj;jpNy mitfisf; fz;L> ek;gp mizj;Jf;nfhz;L> g+kpapd;Nky; jq;fis me;epaUk; guNjrpfSk; vd;W mwpf;ifapl;L> tpRthrj;NjhNl khpj;jhh;fs;.


,ul;rpg;gpd; nra;jpahdJ kPl;ghpd; tUifapd; thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpy; Muk;gpg;gjpypUe;J (Mjp 3:15 – Kd;dhd; RtpN\rk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ) NjtFkhud; ,t;Tyfj;jpy; khk;rkhfp ,t;Tyfpy; gpuNtrpj;J mij epiwNtw;Wk; tiuf;Fk; KO Ntjhfkj;jpw;Fs;Sk; kPl;gpd; nra;jp kyHe;J fplf;fpd;wJ. cyf rhpj;jpuj;jpy; ele;j mjp Kf;fpakhd ,e;j rk;gtj;ij Rw;wpNa KO NtjhfkKk; Roy;fpwJ. fpwp];JtpDila tUifiaAk; mtUila kPl;gpd; NtiyiaAk; epiwthf;fpa mjpKf;fpakhd rk;gtq;fisAk; Kd; cjhuzq;fisAk; (cUtfq;fs;) fhy mbg;gil hPjpahf RUf;fpj; je;J NjtDila kPl;gpd; jpl;lj;ij ,q;F ehd; tpsf;fKaw;rpf;fpNwd;.

tPo;r;rpiaj; njhlHe;J (Mjp 3)> cldbahfNt Mjhk; Vthspd; kfdhfpa MNgy; NjtDf;F gae;J mtiug; gphpag;gLj;Jk; gbahf xU gypiaf; nfhz;L te;jij ehk; thrpf;fpd;Nwhk; (Mjp 4). vgp 11 mjpfhuj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l tpRthrpfspd; ePz;l gl;baypy; MNgy; jhd; Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;whu;. (V.4). MNgypd; gypahdJ tug;NghFk; fpwp];Jtpd; ,Wjpg; gypia Rl;bf;fhl;baJ. Jf;ffukhf> kdpj FykhdJ Njtd; Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; epahae;jPHf;Fk; tiuapy; NkYk; NkYk; Njtid tpl;L tpyfpg;NghdJ. NehthTk; mtdJ FLk;gj;jpdH khj;jpuNk NjtDf;F gae;jtHfsha; ,Ue;jhHfs; (Mjp 6-9@ xg;. kj; 24:37ff@ 2NgJ 2:5). [yg;gpusaj;jpw;F gpw;ghL Njtd; kPJ ,Ue;j jd;Dila tpRthrj;ij fhz;gpf;Fk; gb Nehth gypfis nrYj;jpdhd; (Mjp 8:20-21). Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpw;F gpd;G kDf;FykhdJ kpf tpiuthf Njtid tpl;Lg; gphpe;J NghdJ. ,k;Kiw NjtDila fl;lisahfpa “G+kpia epug;Gq;fs;” vd;gij vjpHj;J kf;fs; ghNgy; NfhGuj;ij fl;bajd; %ykhf flTs; mtHfSila ghi\ia jhWkhwhf;fp epahae;jPHj;jhH (Mjp.11).

Jujpu;\;ltrkhf> kDf;Fyk; ,d;Dk; ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;shky; Njtidtpl;Lg; gphpe;J NghdJ. ,ul;rpg;gpd; tuyhw;wpy; ,e;jf; fhyf;fl;lk; ,J xU jpUg;GKidaha; khwpaJ Njtd; me;epa nja;tq;fisNah> tpf;fpufq;fisNah topglhky; xd;whd nka;j;Njtdhfpa jk;kpy; tpRthrk; itf;Fk; jk;ik Nghd;w vy;NyhUf;Fk; jfg;gdhf ,Uf;Fk;gb xU kdpjdhf Mgpufhik mioj;jhH. ,t;Ntisapy;> Njtd; Mgpufhik mioj;j CH vDk; ,lj;jpy; $l tpf;fpuf Muhjid eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ (Mjp 11:27ff@ 15:7@ NahR 24:2-3).

Njtd; Mgpufhik XH nghpa [hjpahf;Ftjhf thf;FWjp mspj;jhH (Mjp 12:1ff). MgpufhKk; mtdJ kf;fSk; vy;yh [hjpfSf;Fk; vy;yh Njrq;fSf;Fk; XH rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhu;. Njtd; Mgpufhkpw;F fhdhd; Njrj;ij thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zpdhH. mJ gpw;ghL Mgpufhkpd; Ngug;gps;isahd ahf;NfhGf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l Gjpa ngauhd ,];uNty; vDk; ngauhy; miof;fg;gl;lJ (Mjp 32:28). vq;Nfnay;yhk; Mgpufhk; nrd;whNdh mq;Nfnay;yhk; gypfis nrYj;Jtjd; %ykhf jd; tpRthrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhd;. mt;tpRthrk; thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zg;gl;l <rhf;if gypapl mtd; tpUk;Gk; mstpw;F NkNyhq;fp epd;wJ. (Mjp. 22). ,g;gypahdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; epj;jpa gypf;F gy tpjq;fspy; Kd; epoyhf mike;jpUe;jJ. “Nkhhpah” [Mōrīyyāh] kiy NkNy thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd; Gj;jpudhfpa <rhf;if gypapl Mgpufhk; Maj;jkhdhd;. ,e;j Nkhhpahtpy; jhd; rhyNkhd; gpw;ghL vUrNyk; Njthyaj;ijf; fl;bdhd; (2ehsh 3:1). ,NjNghd;W gpjhthfpa Njtd; jk;Kila xNuNgwhd Fkhuid (Nahth 3:16@ 1Nahth 4:9-10) vUrNykpy; XH gypahf je;jUspdhH (xg;. Y}f; 13:33). ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpd; Kjw; Gj;jfkhfpa Mjpahfkj;jpy; $l vUrNyik Nehf;fpa efHT my;yJ rpe;jid fhzg;gl;lJ vd;gjid ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ! Mdhy;> Mgpufhkpd; re;jjpahH mjw;F Kd;ghf ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhf cz;lhFk; ,Wjp ,ul;rpg;ig Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tpN\rpj;j (Kd;dilahd) mDgtq;fSf;$lhf fle;J Nghf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Njtd; MgpufhKf;F mtdJ re;jjpapdH 400 tUlq;fs; ,d;DnkhU ehl;by; mbikfsha; [Ptpg;ghHfs; vd;Wk;> gpd;G mtH mtHfis tpLtpj;J vfpg;jpd; Mw;wpy; ,Ue;J Igpuhj;J MWtiu gue;J fhzg;gLk; thf;Fj;jj;jNjrj;ij xUehs; nfhLg;ghH vd;Wk; $wpdhH(Mjp 15:13-21). vfpg;jpy; ,];uNtypd; mbikj;jdKk; mjpypUe;J tpLjiyAk;> tpRthrpfs; ghtj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLjiy mile;J ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;Fs; epj;jpa [Ptid miltjw;F Kd;dilahskhf vz;zg;glyhk;. ,e;j Kd;dilahsk; VNuhJ ,uh[h jq;fs; gps;isia nfhy;Ythd; vd;w gaj;jpdhy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gpwg;gpw;F gpd;G khpahSk;> NahNrg;Gk; vfpg;jpw;F jg;gp XLfpd;w rk;gtj;jpw;$lhf


Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (xg;. kj; 2:13ff). vfpg;jpy; ,Ue;J ,];uNtypd; Gwg;gLjyhdJ ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jk;Kila ngw;NwhUld; ,];uNtYf;F tUtjw;F Kd;dilahskhf mikfpd;wJ.

kj; 2:15 VNuhjpd; kuzghpae;jk; mq;Nf ,Ue;jhd;. vfpg;jpypUe;J vd;Dila Fkhuid tutioj;Njd; vd;W> jPh;f;fjhprpapd; %ykha;f; fh;j;juhy; ciuf;fg;gl;lJ epiwNtWk;gb ,g;gb ele;jJ (xg;. Xrpah 11:1).

fHj;jUila J}jdhdtNu ,];uNtiy vfpg;jpy; ,Ue;J topelj;jpdhH (xg;. ahj; 3:2ff). ,e;j fHj;jhpd; J}jdhdtH khk;rkhjYf;F Kd;dhf NjtFkhuNdhL milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whH (fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhjYf;F Kd;ida epiy). ,ijf; Fwpj;J mLj;j mjpfhuj;jpy; ghHg;Nghk;. mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy; vfpg;jpy; ,Ue;J ,];uNtiy tpLtpj;J tdhe;jpuj;jpy; elj;jpa “me;j fd;kiy fpwp];JNt” vd;gij 1nfhhp 10:1-4 tiuAs;s trdq;fspy; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whH. vfpg;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;l gpw;ghL Njtd; rPdha; tdhe;jpuj;jpw;$lhf jd;Dila [dq;fis topelj;jp NkhNrf;$lhf jd;Dila gpukhzq;fisf; nfhLj;jhH. mjd; epkpj;jk; NkhNrahdtH gioa cld;gbf;ifapd; kj;jpa];juhf te;jJld; Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; kj;jpa];juhfpa fpwp];Jtpw;F khjphpahfTk; ,Ue;jhH (xg;. fyh 3:19ff@ vgp 7:22@ 8:1-11@ 9:15@ 12:24@ 2nfhhp 3:6@ kj; 26:28). Njtd; NkhNriag; Nghd;W XH jPh;f;fjhprpia mDg;GNtd; vdTk; mtUf;F fPo;g;gbahjtHfs; epahae;jPHf;fg;gLthHfs; vdTk; Vw;fdNt NkhNrf;$lhf mwptpj;jpUe;jhH (xg;. cgh 18:15-18). ,e;j jPHf;fjhprdkhdJ fpwp];Jtpd; tUifapy; epiwNtwpaJ vd mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJU cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whH (xg;. mg; 3:22-26). NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; Nehf;fj;ij mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTNy gpujhdkha; tpsf;fp $Wfpd;whH. epahag;gpukhzkhdJ kdpjdpd; ghtKs;s jd;ikiaAk; epahag;gpukhzj;ij epiwNtw;w Kbahj kdpjdpd; ,ayhikiaAk; fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ (xg;. Nuhk 3:19-20@ 7:7@ ahf; 2:10). fpwp];Jtplj;jpy; ek;ik topelj;Jk; XH cghj;jpauhfNt mJ ,Ue;jJ. fyh 3:19.24-25 mg;gbahdhy;> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; Nehf;fnkd;d?

thf;Fj;jj;jj;ijg;ngw;w re;jjp tUksTk; mJ mf;fukq;fspdpkpj;jkhff; $l;lg;gl;L> NjtJ}jiuf;nfhz;L kj;jpa];jd; ifapNy fl;lisaplg;gl;lJ…. ,t;tpjkhf> ehk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gLtjw;F epahag;gpukhzk; ek;ikf; fpwp];Jtpdplj;jpy; topelj;Jfpw cghj;jpaha; ,Ue;jJ.tpRthrk; te;jgpd;G ehk; cghj;jpf;Ff; fPohdth;fsy;yNt.

Njtd; Mrhhpg;G$lhuj;ij fl;Lk;gb NkhNrf;F mwpTWj;jiy toq;fpdhH (ghh;f;f. ahj; 25-40 mjpfhuq;fs;). ,t;thrhhpg;Gf; $lhukhdJ Njtd; jk;Kila [dq;fSf;Fs;Ns cyhTk; XH thr];jykhf ,Ue;jJ:

ahj; 25:8 mth;fs; eLtpNy ehd; thrk;gz;z> vdf;F xU ghpRj;j ];jyj;ij cz;lhf;Fthh;fshf.

,e;j Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; jhNk NkhNr fHj;jUld; KfKfkha; NgrpdhH. ahj; 33:7-11 NkhNr $lhuj;ijg; ngah;j;J> mijg; ghsaj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;Ng J}uj;jpNy

Nghl;L> mjw;F Mrhpg;Gf;$lhuk; vd;W Nghpl;lhd;. fh;j;jihj; NjLk; ahtUk; ghsaj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;Jf;Fg; Nghthh;fs;….xUtd; jd; rpNefpjNdhNl NgRtJNghy> fh;j;jh; NkhNrNahNl KfKfkha;g; Ngrpdhh;@ gpd;G> mtd; ghsaj;Jf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhd;@ E}dpd; Fkhudhfpa NahRth vd;Dk; mtDila gzptpilf;fhudhfpa thypgd; Mrhpg;Gf;$lhuj;ij tpl;Lg;gphpahjpUe;jhd;.

NkhNrNahL KfKfkha; Ngrpa fHj;jH ve;j re;NjfKkpd;wp NjtFkhudhfpa fpwp];JNt. Fkhuidj; jtpu NtnwhUtUk; gpjhit jhprpf;f KbahJ (xg;. Nahth 1:18@ 1jPNkh 6:16@ kw;Wk; ahj; 33:20 MfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;). ehd; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy Gjpa rpU\;bg;gpy; gpjhthfpa Njtid kfpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpRthrpfs; KfKfkha; jhprpg;ghHfs; (ntsp 22:4). Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhukhdJ Njtd; kdpjHfs; kj;jpapy; thrk;gz;Ztij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mq;Nf nfhz;L tug;gl;l


gypfs; (Nytpauhfkj;ij ghHf;fTk;) ghpG+uzuhfpa fpwp];Jtpd; gypiaAk;> mtUf;$lhf cz;lhFk; ,ul;rpg;igAk; Kd;dilahskhf Rl;bf;fhl;baJ. vgpNua epUgk; vOjg;gl;ljpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhdJ ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; NkyhdtH. NjtJ}jHfSf;F NkyhdtH (mjp 1>2)@ NkhNrf;F NkyhdtH (mjp 3)@ NahRthTf;F NkyhdtH (mjp 4)@ MNuhDf;F NkyhdtH (mjp 5-6)@ mj;Jld; fpwp];Jtpd; CopaKk; fphpiaAk; NkhNrAilaJk;> MNuhDilaJk; Copaj;jpw;Fk; NkyhdNj vd;gij ntspg;gLj;jp fhz;gpf;fNt MFk; (mjp 8-10:8). ahj; 12k; mjpfhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; g];fh gz;bifapd; Muk;gkhdJ gQ;rhfkj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gy epfo;TfisAk; rlq;fhr;rhuq;fisAk; Fwpg;ghf Kd;dilahsq;fshf tpahf;fpahdk; gz;Ztij epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Fw;wkpy;yhj xU Ml;Lf;Fl;b nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L mjd; ,uj;jk; Njt fl;lisf;F fPo;g;gbe;J jq;fs; thry; fjTfspYk; epiyfspYk; G+rpatHfis rq;fhu J}jdplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;Fk;. ,Njh> rh;t Nyhfj;jpd; ghtq;fisAk; epth;j;jp nra;fpd;w “Njt Ml;Lf;Fl;b” (xg;. Nahth 1:29@ ntsp 5:6>12)vdTk; ek;Kila “g];fh Ml;Lf;Fl;b” (1nfhhp 5:7) vdTk; ,NaR fpwp];J Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; miof;fg;gLtij ehk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s ,J cjtp nra;fpwJ. Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhuj;ijAk; Njthyaj;ijAk; nghWj;jtiuapy; khdpldhf gpwe;j NjtFkhud; jk;Kila rhPuj;ijNa Njthyak; vd;W $wpdhH (Nahth 2:19-22). ,jdhy; jhd; guNyhfuh[;;[pak; rkPgpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ (kj; 4:17)> Mk;> mtUlNd $l tho;e;j kf;fSf;Fs;NsNa (Vw;fdNt) ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd $wpdhH (Y}f; 17:21@ kj; 12:28). ,ij ehk; vg;gb Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ? mJ kpf ,yFthdJ ,NaR fpwp];J vq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;whNuh mq;Nf guNyhf uh[;aKk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. A+jHfs; mtHfsJ uh[hthfpa Nkrpahit Gwf;fzpj;jgbapdhy; Njtuh[;akhdJ mth;fsplj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;L Gw[hjpfsplj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ (kj; 21:43). “kw;w [hjpfs;” vDk; NghJ ,NaRit mtHfs; fHj;juhfTk; ,ul;rfuhfTk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L ,uh[;aj;ij Rje;jhpf;fpd;w gy Njrq;fspy; cs;s kf;fis Fwpf;fpd;wJ (xg;. 1NgJ 2:9@ ntsp 2:26-28@ 5:10@ 20:4-6). vg;gbapUg;gpDk;> ,t;uh[;akhdJ ,d;Dk; njl;lj;njspthf ntspg;gltpy;iy. mg;. 1:6y; rP\Hfs; fHj;jhplj;jpy; tpdhtpa tpdhit ,g;gbahfj;jhd; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWifapy; NjtDila ,uh[;ak; (KOikahd tpjj;jpy;) mtNuhL $l jq;Fk; gbahf Nghapw;W. mJ kWgbAk; KOikahd tpjj;jpy; fpwp];J tUk; nghOJ ,g;G+kpapy; ];jhgpf;fg;gLk; (xg;. Y}f; 19:11-12@ 1nfhhp 15:23-28@ 2jPNkh 4:1). mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTypd; rpe;jidapd;gb fpwp];J ,t;tho;tpy; (G+kpapy;) ,g;NghJ Ml;rp nra;fpd;whH vd;W xU fpwp];jtd; ek;Gk;nghOJ> mtd; xU khiaapd; fPo; thOfpwhd; (xg;. 1nfhhp 4:8-13).

,g;nghOJ kWgbAk; Mrhhpg;Gf;$lhuj;jpw;Fk; Njthyaj;jpw;Fk; jpUk;GNthk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpw;F gpw;ghL kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;ijAk; cl;gputhfj;ijAk; gphpj;j jpiu ,uz;lhf fpope;jJ (kj; 27:51). xt;nthU nka;ahd tpRthrpAk; md;wpypUe;J kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpDs; gpuNtrpf;f KbAk; vd;gjw;F XH ntspg;gilahd milahskha; ,Ue;jJ (vgp. 10:19ff). mj;Jld; tUlj;jpw;F xU jlit (ght eptHj;jpapd; ehspd; NghJ)> nahk; fpg;G+H (Yom kippur): (xg;. Nytp 16:2>34@ vgp 9:7). gpujhd MrhhpaH kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpw;Fs; ,uj;jj;ij nfhz;L tUk; mtrpaKk; ,y;yhky; Nghfpd;wJ. fpwp];J kWgbAk; tUk; nghOJk; vUrNykpy; ,Ue;;J KO cyifAk; murhSthH (jhdp 2:35@ rf 14:8-9.16-17@ Vrh 24:23). mtNu MrhhpaUk; ,uh[hTkha; ,Ug;ghH. ,jdhy;jhd; vd;dNth vNr 40-48 mjpfhuq;fspy; ,uh[;aj;ijf;Fwpj;J NgRk; NghJ Njthyaj;Jld; kfh gpujhd Mrhhpad; njhlh;Gg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. epj;jpaj;jpy; ehk; gpjhtpdJk; FkhudpdJk; gpurd;dj;jpy; thOk; NghJ Njthyak; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy;> gpjh Fkhud; vd;gtu;fNs Njthyakha; ,Ug;ghHfs; (xg;. ntsp 21:22). ,];uNty; [dq;fs; thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;jpy; FbakHe;j NghJ Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhukhdJ Njthyaj;jpdhy; gjpyPL nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,];uNtyH cz;ikaw;w Kiwapy; ,Ug;ghHfshapd; Njtd; mtHfis me;j Njrj;jpypUe;J Juj;jp tpLthH vd NkhNr mtHfis vr;rhpj;jhH (xg;. Nytp 26@ cgh 28-30). Jujp\;ltrkhf ,];uNty; thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Njrj;ij Rje;jhpj;j gpd;G NjtDf;Fk; mtuJ gpukhzj;jpw;Fk; cz;ikaw;wtHfsha; khwpdhHfs; (NahRth Gj;jfj;ij ghHf;fTk;). ,tHfs; ,g;gb nra;jjpdhy; mtHfs; kWgbAk; kWgbAk; Njtdhy; epahae;jPHf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ (epahahjpgjpfs; Gj;jfj;ij ghHf;fTk;). gpw;ghL rhyNkhd; ,uh[htpd;


JNuhfj;jdKk; tpf;fpuf MuhjidAk;> mtuJ kfdhfpa nuNfhngahkpd; Ml;rpapd; NghJ gphptpidf;F top elj;jpaJ (1,uh[h 12). tluh[;aj;jpd; vy;yh ,uh[hf;fSNk (gj;J Nfhj;jpuKk;) tpRthr JNuhfk; nra;jjpdhy; mNef [dq;fs; me;epa nja;tq;fis topgl mJ toptFj;jJ. (ghfhy;> m];jNuhj;). fphpia elg;gpf;fhky; Ngrpf;nfhz;Nljhd; Njtd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh? Mk;> mtH jk;Kila thh;j;ijf;F cz;ikahapUe;jhH. mtuJ nghWik vy;iyiaj; njhl;lJ. tl uh[;ak; fp.K 721y; rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;L NghdJ (2,uh[h 17). gpd;tUk; trdk; ,e;j epfo;r;rpfis mofhf RUf;fpj; jUfpwJ.

2 ,uh[h 17:7 vfpg;jpd; uh[hthfpa ghh;NthDila ifapd;fPopUe;j jq;fis vfpg;J Njrj;jpypUe;J tug;gz;zpd jq;fs; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jUf;F tpNuhjkhf ,];uNty; Gj;jpuh; ghtQ;nra;J> me;epa Njth;fSf;Fg; gae;J ele;jhu;fs;.

Jujpu;\;ltrkhf> njd;uh[;aj;jpd; (A+jh) mNefkhd ,uh[hf;fs; mjpfkhd [dq;fSld; tluh[;aj;jpy; (vg;gpuhaPk;) cs;s jq;fs; rNfhjuupd; cjhuzj;ijNa gpd;gw;wpdhHfs;. mtHfs; vg;uhaPkpd; Jf;fkhd Kbtpy; ,Ue;J $l ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf> rpy rkaq;fspy; mijtpl Nkhrkha; ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jd; tpisthf> fh;j;jh; NeGfhj;Ner;rhh; vDk; ,uh[hTf;$lhf mtHfis rpiwg;gpbj;Jg;Nghfr; nra;jhu;. (2,uh[h 25). fp.K. 586y; NeGfhj;Ner;rhH vUrNyk; Njthyaj;ij mopj;J kpfg; ngWkjpahd nghUl;fisnay;yhk; ghgpNyhDf;F nfhz;L Nghdhd; (2ehsh 36:7.18-19). ,g;gbahf> NkhNrf;$lhfTk; mtUf;F gpd;te;j jPHf;fjhprpfSf;$lhfTk; (cjhuzkhf vNukpah@ 2ehsh 36:12>21) jug;gl;l vr;rhpg;G epiwNtwpaJ. rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;ltHfs; jq;fis jho;j;jpa NghJ mtHfs; jq;fs; Ra Njrj;jpw;F jpUk;gTk;> Njthyaj;ijf; fl;lTk; $bajha; ,Ue;jJ (xg;. 2ehsh 36:22-23@v];wh 1-7@ rf 4:6-10@ Mfh 1-2). Mdhy;> ghgpNyhDf;F A+jh nfhz;L Nghfg;gl;ljpypUe;J ,d;Wtiuapy; A+jHfs; xU ,uh[h ,y;yhkNy ,Ue;J tUfpd;whHfs; (xg;. Xrp 3:4). mtHfSila cz;ikahd ,uh[h ,NaR fpwp];J te;jNghJ mtHfs; mtiu kWjypj;jhHfs; (Nahth 19:15-21). vdNt vUrNyk; NeGfhj;Ner;rhhpd; fhyj;jpy; mopf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J fpwp];Jtpd; tUif kl;LKs;s fhyk; “Gw[hjpfspd; fhyk;” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Yf; 21:242 Nuhk 11:25). Vnddpy; ,e;j KO rfhg;j;jj;jpd; NghJ (,d;Wtiu) ,];uNty; ,d;Dk; ,uh[h ,y;yhkNy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. fpwp];Jtpd; tUifahdJ ,g; “Gw[hjpfspd; fhyj;jpw;F” XH Kbit nfhz;L tUk;. gpd;G me;ehspy; jhNd ,uh[hjp ,uh[hthfTk;> fHj;jhjp fHj;jUkha; ,Uf;fpd;w mtH ,Wjpapy; vy;yh [hjpfSf;F NkyhfTk; KO G+kpiaAk; murhSthH (jhdp 2:35-36@ rf 14:9ff).

Vrhah Gj;jfj;jpd; fl;likg;igAk; mjd; nra;jpiaAk; gFg;gha;T nra;tjd; %yk; Ntjhfkj;jpDila nra;jpf;F ,NaR fpwp];J vDk; egUk; mthpd; fphpiaAk; jhd; ikakhf cs;sJ vd fhz;gpf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. cz;ikapy; ,e;j nka; nra;jpahdJ Vrhahtpd; Gj;jfj;jpy; khj;jpuky;y gioa Gjpa Vw;ghLfs; KOtJk; njspthff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.4

Vrhahtpd; Gj;jfkhdJ njhiyNehf;Filajhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Muk;gj;jpypUe;J KbT kl;Lk; xU Fwpg;ghd Nehf;fj;JlDk; Fwpf;NfhSlDk; vOjg;gl;lJ: 1tJ gFjp mjpfhuk; 1-39: jhtPjpd; tk;r topahd xUtH vUrNykpy; ,d;Dk; Mz;L nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH. Mdhy; jhtPjpd; tPl;lhUk; kf;fSk; ahNt Njtid tpl;L tpyfpdgbapdhy; (tlf;F ,uh[;aj;jpYs;s mtHfSila rNfhjuHfs; nra;jJ NghyNt) epahaj;jPHg;ghdJ jtph;f;fg;gl Kbatpy;iy. cldbahf vjpHfhyj;jpy; elf;fg; NghFk; rpiwapUg;igf; Fwpj;J mwptpf;Fk;gbahf jPHf;fjhprp fl;lisaplg;gl;Ls;shH: Vrh 5:13@ 6:11-13@ 39:5-7. rpNjf;fpahjhd; vUrNykpd; filrp uh[hthf ,Ue;jhd;. mtDila fyfj;jpd; epkpj;jk; NeGfhj;Ner;rhH mtd; fz;fisg; gpLq;fpdhd;. mNjNtis> NeGfhj;Ner;rhuhy; rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;L ehL 4 For more details see Roland Kleger, Restauratio und Resurrectio in der Jesaja-Apokalypse, Dissertation for his

academic grade of Doctor of Theology at the Evangelical Theological Faculty Heverlee-Leuven (Belgium), 2001, now published (in Germany) with the title Endzeitliche Wiederherstellung Israels und Auferstehung in der Jesaja-Apokalypse (Hamburg: Diplomica, 2008). See also my website <www.Apocalypse-Bible.com.


flj;jg;gl;l Nahahf;fPd; kd;dpf;fg;gl;lhd; (2,uh[h 25@ 2ehsh 36) Mdhy;> mtd; vUrNyKf;Fj; jpUk;gtpy;iy. ehk; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb mjw;Fg; gpd;G ,];uNtypy; ve;j uh[hTk; vOk;gtpy;iy. erNuadhfpa ,NaRitj; jtpu. MdhYk;> mtH jk;Kila nrhe;j [dq;fshNyNa epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lhH. (Nah 1-11@ 18:36@ Y}f; 19:14.27). Vrhah 1-39 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; ,NaRNt jhtPjpd; tPl;lhhpd; fyfj;jpw;F NtWgLj;jpf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwhH. 5 mtHjhd; ,];uNtiy xg;Guthf;fp vUrNykpYs;s rPNahid MSif nra;Ak; et-jhtPJ MthH. 1-39 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; ,U rkhe;jpu rpe;jidfisg; ghHf;fpd;Nwhk;: rk;gtq;fspd; ikaj;jpypUe;J me;Neuj;jpYs;s jhtPjpd; tPL kiwfpwJ (Vrh 39:7). mtUila re;jjpapdupd; ,lj;ij et-jhtPJ ngWfpd;whu;. (Vrh 9:5@ 11:1.10@ 22:22@ xg;. 2rhK 7:12-16>@ vNu 23:5 vNr 34:23-24@ 37:24-27@ Y}f; 1:27:33> Nghd;wit).6

IIk; gFjp 40-55k; mjpfhuq;fs;: jPHf;fjhprpahdtH ,];uNtypd; gps;isfspd; rpiwapUg;ig vjph;ghHf;fpd;whH. 7 ,];uNtyUf;F jPHf;fjhprpfNsh NjthyaNkh ,dpNky; ,y;iy. jhtPjpd; tPL vd;w gjkhdJ ,dpNkYk; vq;FNk Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy. Mdhy; khwpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; 55k; mjpfhuj;jpNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;tjpfhuj;jpy; Gjpa cld;gbf;if mjhtJ “epj;jpa cld;gbf;if… jhtPJf;F thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l vd;Dila cz;ikahd ,uf;fk;” vd mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (Vrhah 55:3@ xg;. 37:35). jPHf;fjhprpapDila fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd;gb ,t;tjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rk;gtq;fs; ,d;Dk; epfoNtz;bajhapUf;fpd;wJ. ,];uNtyhdJ “ahf;Nfhgpd; jhrd;” my;yJ ntWkNd “jhrd;” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1-39 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; cs;sJ Nghd;W tug;NghFk; ,uh[h vUrNykpd; (A+jh) uh[hTld; tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jg;gl;L fhz;gpg;gJ Nghd;W 40-55 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; ghtkpy;yhj Nkrpahthfpa “fHj;jhpd; jhrd;”; ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; rpiwapUg;gpy; cs;s jhrdhfpa ,];uNtypd; kf;fSld; NtWgLj;jp fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (Vrh 53:9@ xg;. 2nfhhp 5:21). 8 ,e;jg; gFjpapYs;s jhrd; vd;Dk; thHj;ijia vg;nghOJNk ,];uNtYld; milahsg;gLj;jpg; ghHg;gJ jtwhd fhhpakhFk;.

5 mtUila Kjy; tUif> mthpd; Fzhjprak;> mthpd; fphpiafs; ahTNk kpd;dy; ntspr;rk; Nghy; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd: xU fd;dpif fHg;gtjpahfp mtiug; ngWths; (Vrh 7:14@ xg;. kj; 1:23@ Mjp 3:15). mtuhy;> nrGNyhd;> eg;jyp ( mjhtJ fypNyah: Vrh 8:23-9:1@ xg;. kj; 4:13-16). xspia fhz;ghHfs;. mJ “mjprakhdtH> MNyhridf; fHj;jH> ty;yikAs;s Njtd;> epj;jpa gpjh> rkhjhdg; gpuG” vd miof;fg;gLtjdhy; me;j Mz; Foe;ijahdJ nja;tPf jd;ikAilajha; ,Uf;Fk;. mtH jhtPjpd; rpq;fhrdj;ij murhSthH (Vrh 9:5-6@ xg;. 2rhK 7:12-17@ Y}f;1-27-35). mtH jhtPjpd; FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUtjpdhy; (Vrh 11:1.10@ 22:22@ xg;. Nuhk 1:3@ 15:12). Vrh 7-11 mjpfhuq;fs; tiuAs;s gFjpfspy;> mtH epahae;jPHf;fg;gLtjw;F Maj;jkha; ,Uf;fpd;w MfhGld; NtWgLj;jp fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whH. 13-23 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; mtH tug;Nghfpd;w Vfhjpgj;jpa epahahjpgjpaha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. vjph;fhyj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; gFjpfspy; Vrhah mtH vUrNykpy; murhStjhf fhZfpwhH xg;. Vrh 24:23:27:13). 6 ,Wjpahf xg;GuthFjy; tug;NghFk; Gjpa jhtPjpw;$lhf khj;jpuNk rhj;jpakhFk; vd fhz;gpg;gjw;F jd;Dila kf;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa Njtgf;jpaw;w A+jhtpd; ,uh[htpw;Fk; tug;NghFk; Gjpa jhtPjpw;Fk; ,ilapy; xU ngUk; tpj;jpahrj;ijf; fhz;gpg;gNj Vrhahtpd; ntspg;gilahd Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. Vrhahtpd; ,e;j Nehf;fkhdJ cz;ikapy; ,uz;L mtjhdq;fshy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (1)13-23 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; (,J [hjpfSf;fhd epahaj;jPHg;igf; Fwpj;J NgRfpwJ) jhtPjpd; ,uh[;aj;ij njhlHe;J murhSgtH ahH vd;w mwptpg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. tpNrlkhf 22k; mjpfhuj;jpy; A+jhtpd; tPl;lhiuf; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gpLtjd; %ykhf fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ (xg;. Vrh 22:22 kw;Wk; ntsp 3:7). ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; KjyhtJ gFjp (1-39 mjpfhuq;fs;) kf;fSila rpiwapUg;ig Fwpj;Jk;> ,uh[;aguk;giuapYs;s kfd;khiuf; Fwpj;Jk; mwptpj;J 39:6-7y; Kbtilfpd;wJ. 7mth; jhNk rpiwapUg;gpy; ,Ug;ghH vd;gJ mjd; mHj;jky;y. tpf;fpuf Muhjidia td;ikahf

fz;bj;jy; ( xg;.Vrh 57:3-12@ 65:3-7.11@ 66:3.17) ghgpNyhdpa rpiwapUg;gpd; gpd;du; cs;s re;ju;g;g #o;epiy (Sitz im Leben) tpf;fpuf topghL fz;ldk; nra;ag;gLtjw;F Kuzhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; rpiwapUg;gpw;F gpw;ghL cs;s fhyj;jpy; A+j kf;fspd; tpf;fpuf Muhjidia fz;bf;fpd;wik mjd; gpd;G Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. kWGwj;jpy; jPHf;fjhprp jhNk rpiwapUg;gpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W my;yJ rpiwapUg;gpy; ,y;yhjJ Nghd;W NgRthuhdhy; jd;Dila kf;fSf;F vjpuhf ahNtapd; xU “Fw;wr;rhl;il” Fwpj;J mtH Vrh 57:16y; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahjpUf;Fk;. Vnddpy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidahdJ kf;fSila kdkhw;wj;jpw;Fg; gpw;ghL Kbe;J tpl;ljhfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; jw;Nghijf;F kf;fs; kde;jpUk;gNt miof;fg;gl;Ls;sdH (Vrh 56:1ff@ 58:1ff@ 59:2ff). 8

Vrhahtpd; Kjw; gFjpapy; cs;s fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; 2k; gFjpapy; cs;s fUj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd xw;WikahdJ mjprakha; fhzg;gLfpwJ. 42k; mjpfhukhdJ 49-55 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; $w;Wf;fSf;F xU ghykhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Vrh 42:7 MdJ Vrh 35:5 I cWjpg;gLj;jp 62:1I Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Vrh 35:4-5k; 61:1Yk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s eguhdtH jhrDld;


,e;j 2k; gFjpapd;; Kf;fpa fUg;nghUshdJ NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l ,ul;rfuhfpa NfhNuir khj;jpuk; Fwpf;fhky; kPl;guhfpa fHj;jhpd; jhridAk; mJ Fwpf;fpwJ. Vrhah 42:1-17 tiuAs;s trdq;fis ftdkhf Muha;Nthk; : fHj;jhpd; MtpahdtH mtH Nky; jq;fpapUf;fpd;whH@ mtH [hjpfSf;F epahaj;ij nfhz;L tuTk;> mtHfSf;F xspahf ,Uf;fTk; miof;fg;gl;Ls;shH. re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp ,J fpwp];Jtpd; 1k; tUifia Fwpf;FNknahopa> ,];uNty; [dj;ij mg;gbNa Fwpg;gjpy;iy (xg;. Vrh 42:1-4 I kj; 12:18-21 cld;). ,q;Nf fHj;jhpd; jhrdhdtH ,];uNtyhf ,Uf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; mtH ,];uNtiy fHj;jhplj;jpy; nfhz;L tu miof;fg;gl;Ls;shH (Vrhah 49:5-6)! 9 ,];uNtyhdJ Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; kj;jpa];juhf ,Ug;gJ kpf fbdkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; (Vrh 42:6@ 49:8) vd;gjhy; ,J mjpfkhf kD\Fkhudhf te;j Njt FkhuDf;Nf nghUe;Jk; (xg;. Gjpa cld;gbf;if: 1jPNkh 2:5@ vgp 9:15@ 12:24 mj;Jld; kj; 26:28@ Y}f; 22:20 I ghh;f;fTk;). mtH [hjpfSf;F xspiaf; nfhz;L tUthH (Vrh 42:6). Nkrpahthfpa fHj;jhpd; jhrdhdtH ghtkpy;yhjtuhf ,Ue;jhH> ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghH (Vrh 53:9-12@ xg;. Nahth 8:46@ 2nfhhp 5:21@ vgp 4:15@ 7:26@ 1NgJ 1:19@ 2:22-25@ 3:18)> mtH jz;lidia Ntz;bepw;Fk; ek;Kila ghtq;fSf;fhf khpj;jhH (xg;. Vrh 5:11: “mtH jhNk mtHfspd; mf;fpukq;fis Rke;J jPHg;ghH” ). 10 Vrh 26:21a ld; ,jid xg;gplTk;: (,e;j G+kpapy; cs;s [dq;fspd; ghtj;jpw;fhf mtuJ tUifAk; jz;lidAk;) kw;Wk; Vrh 27:9 (ahf;Nfhgpd; Fw;wk;). mj;Jld; Vrh 64:9 (ahNt jk;Kila [dq;fspd; ghtq;fis vg;nghOJk; epidT $w khl;lhH). fHj;jhpd; jhrdhdtH ,e;j Fw;wq;fis mfw;wp gpujpaPlhf khpg;gjw;F tUfpwhH. mf;fpukkhdJ kWgbAk; vOk;g Kbahj mstpw;F kpf mjpfkhd ghuj;Jld; ,e;j G+kpapy; tpOe;J fplf;fpd;wJ (Vrh 24:20). mf;fpukf;fhuH epr;rakhfNt khpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vrh 1:2.28@ 50:1@ 66:24)> MdhYk; fHj;jhpd; jhrdhdtH ghtq;fis ePf;fpg;Nghl tUfpwhH (xg;. Vrh 43:1.25@ 44:22)vd;gjpdhy; mtH mg;ghtq;fis jd;dpy; jhNd Rkf;f tUfpwhH vd;gjhFk; (Vrh 53:5>8>12).11

3k; gFjp: 56-66 mjpfhuq;fs;: kde;jpUk;Gfpd;w ahtUNk12 rPNahd; kiyapd; tpUe;jpNy gq;FngWthHfs;. jPh;f;fjhprpahdtH ahNt jd;Dila kf;fSlDk; gy

,zq;fhzg;gl;Ls;shH (xg;.Vrh 42:7@ 49:9). ,tH jhd; ghtj;jpd; Fw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J jk; [dq;fis kPl;Fk; Nkrpah vd vz;zg;gLfpwhH. mj;Jld; Vrh 53:2I 11:1-2.10: ld; xg;gplTk;. ,q;Nf Nkrpah ,sq;fpisf;F my;yJ NtUf;F xg;gpLfpd;whH. 9 See likewise Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. Towards an Old Testament Theology (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing

House, 1978), pp. 215-217. 10[hjpfSf;F xspahf ,Uf;fpd;w> ePjpAs;s xUtuhfpa jhrdhdtH> mf;fpukf;fhuUf;fhf khpf;Fk;

jhrd; jk;Kila nrhe;j mePjpapd; epkpj;jKk;> Fw;wj;jpd; epkpj;jKk; rpiwapUg;gpw;Fg; NghFk; A+j kf;fshk; ,];uNtYld; epr;rakha; milahsq; fhzg;gl KbahJ (xg;. Vrh 5:13@ 6:7-12@ 27:7-9 Nghd;wit). fHj;jhpd; jhrdhdtH khj;jpuNk ghtkpy;yhjtuhf ,Uf;fpd;w gbapdhy; mtH jhNk jk;Kila kf;fSf;fhf gpujpaPlhd XH kuzj;ij kuzpf;f KbAk; (xg;. Vrh 53:9-12@ mj;Jld; ghh;f;f Vrh 59:16@ 63:5). ,];uNtypd; [dq;fisg; Nghd;W epr;rakhfNt ,tH kuzj;ij rk;ghjpj;jjpy;iy. jPHf;fjhprp jhNk Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;bUe;Jk; mtUk; ghtkpy;yhky; ,y;iy (xg;. Vrh 6:5-7). 11,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; epiwNtwpa Vrh 53k; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh Gjpa Vw;ghl;L trdq;fisAk;

gl;bay; gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ kpf mjpfkhd fhhpakhFk;. Y}f; 22:37Ak; khw; 10:45Ak; Fwpg;gpl;L ehd; ,j;Jld; Kbj;Jf; nfhs;;fpNwd;. Vrhah 53y; fhzg;gLk; tptukhd fpwp];Jtpaiyf; fhz;gjw;F Hans Walter Wolff, Jesaja 53 im Urchristentum, 4th edition (reprint of the 3rd edition revised of Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, Berlin, 1952) Giessen: Brunnen-Verlag, 1984 Ak;> Vrh 53 If; Fwpj;J mwpa. Oswalt T. Allis, The Unity of Isaiah: A Study in Prophecy (Philadelphia: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1950), pp. 87ff ,g;Gj;jfj;ij ghHf;fTk; gupe;Jiu nra;fpNwd;. 12

kf;fs; ghpjhgkhd epiyapy; thOfpwhHfs; vdTk; vUrNykpy; cs;s Njthyak; Njtdw;w kf;fshy; kpjpf;fg;gl;L fplg;gjhfTk; (Vrh 63:18) efuk; mopf;fg;gl;Lf; fplf;fpd;wjhfTk; tHzpf;fg;gLfpwJ (Vrh 64:9-10). mjpf fLikahf Ma;T nra;Ak; tpahf;fpahzpfshYk; Ntj tpw;gz;zHfshYk; typAWj;jg;gLfpwgb (,tHfs; %d;W Vrhahf;fis Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;) Vrhah Gj;jfk; %d;W Nguhy; vOjg;gl;lJ vd fUJfpwhHfs;. ,g;gFjpahdJ rpiwapUg;gpw;F gpd;dhf tho;e;j vOj;jhshpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhf fUjg;gl KbahJ. 2k; Njthyak; (rpiwapUg;gpw;F gpd;dhd Myak;) me;jpNahf;f]; vg;gpghd]; (Antiochus Epiphanes 164 BC) vd;gthpdhy; ghpRj;jf; Fiyr;ryhdJ vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy;> mJ mtdhy; Kw;whf vhpj;Jg; Nghlg;gltpy;iy. khwhf fp.gp. 70fspNy mJ Nuhk Nguurpdhy; jhd; Kw;whf Rl;nlhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fhuzj;jpdhy;; jhd; ,t;Ntisapy; ,t;tphpTiuapd; ,g;gFjpapd; Muk;g fhhpakhf Vrh 5:13@ 16:11-12@ 40-48 Kd;itf;fpd;Nwd;. ,q;F jPHf;fjhprpahdtH ghgpNyhdpa rpiwapUg;ig [dq;fspd; tpf;fpuf Muhjidf;Fk; Njtgf;jpaw;w jd;ikf;Fk; fpilj;j jz;lidahf Kd;dwptpf;fpwhH.


Njrq;fspypUe;J jd;dplk; jpUk;gpNahUlDk; Nrh;e;J rPNahd; kiyapy; ,Ug;gjhf fhZfpwhH. ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; 3k; gFjpapy; cs;s vtUld; fHj;juhdtH NtWgLj;jp fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH? Vd; ,g;Gj;jfj;jpy; “,uh[h” my;yJ “,uh[hthf ,Uf;fpd;w” vd;W mHj;jq;nfhs;sg;gLk; “kyhf;” (malak) vDk; NtuhdJ naNfhthtpw;F gpuNahfpf;fg;glhky; [hjpfspd; ,uh[hf;fSf;F khj;jpuNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ? Vd; jhtPjpd; ngaH ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. <rhapd; fpis> NtH> ,k;khDNty;> ahf;Nfhgpd; jhrd; vDk; ,g;gjq;fis Vd; ehk; ,g; gFjpapy; fhzKbtjpy;iy? 13 ,q;Nf kj;jpa];jH vDk; gjk; Fwpf;fg;gLtjdhy; jhrd; vDk; gjk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy (xg;. Vrh 59:15-17@ 63:5-7). mtH fHj;jH vd khj;jpuNk Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;shH. Vd;? ,q;F jPh;f;fjhprpahdtH ,g;gFjpapy; ,Ug;gtH ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtUila ,lj;ij fHj;jH epug;g KbAkhjyhy; (1-39 mjpfhuq;fspy; A+jhtpd; ,uh[h my;yJ ,];uNty;) my;yJ ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; Kjy; ,U gFjpapYk; fhzg;gLk; gpujpaPl;il gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;tjdhy; ahf;Nfhgpd; jhrDf;F gjpyhf fHj;jhpd; jhrd; vd;gij 40-55 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fspy; cs;sJ Nghd;W fHj;jiu ,g;Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s ,U gFjpfspYk; NtnwhU egUld; cld;gLj;j Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ,];uNtypd; ,uh[hitf; Fwpj;j my;yJ A+Njahitf; Fwpj;j xU Fwpg;Gf;fSk; mq;Nf ,y;iy. mj;Jld; ,g; Gj;jfj;jpd; 3k; gFjpapy; fHj;jUf;F $l “,uh[h” vd;w gjk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. NjtDila Ml;rpahdJ (,Wjpapy;) xU ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjpdhy; ,uh[h jd;Dila Ml;rpiaj; njhlq;fp tpl;lhH vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

ahNt ,uh[hTk; gpujhd MrhhpaUkha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. n[g tPlhfpa mtUila tPL mjhtJ Njthyak; mq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mq;Nf MrhhpaHfs; jq;fs; Copaj;ij epiwNtw;Wfpd;whHfs;. vNr 40-48k; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W (,g;gFjpAk; re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp Nkrpahtpd; ,uh[;aj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ) gpujhd MrhhpaH xUtUk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. ,j;Njthyaj;jpy; rpYitapy; miwag;gl;L capHj;njOe;j fpwp];JNt jPHf;fjhprpahfTk;> gpujhd MrhhpauhfTk; ,uh[hthfTk; ,Ug;ghH. jPh;f;fjhprp> Vnddpy; mthplj;jpypUe;J thHj;ijAk;> ePjpAk;> epahag;gpukhzKk; Gwg;gl;Lg; NghFk; (xg;. Vrh 2:3-4@ kPfh 4:2). gpujhd MrhhpaH> Vnddpy; mtUila gypf;$lhf jk;Kila [dq;fSf;fhd fpuaj;ij mth; nrYj;jpAs;shH (Vrh 53)> mtH tUk;nghOJ (Vrh 59:20-21@ xg;. rf 14:3-5)> kdpjHfshy; miwag;gl;l xUtuhf mtH tUthH (Vrh 53:5@ xg;. rf 12:10@ ntsp 1:7). kdpjHfs; mtiu Nehf;fpg; ghHj;j nghOJ mjhtJ mtH rpYitapy; miwag;gl;l nghOJ (Nahth 19:37) mtH XH jhrdpd; epiyia NrHj;Jf;nfhz;lhH. MapDk;> mtH tUifapy; mtiuf; Fj;jpatHfs; mtiu fhZk; nghOJ (ntsp 1:7) mtH ,uh[hjp ,uh[hthfTk;> fHj;jhjp fHj;jhthfTk; vd;w epiyapy; ,Ug;ghH (ntsp 19:16). ,d;DnkhU thHj;ijapy; nrhd;dhy;> mtH jkJ kfpikia tpl;L (Vrh 9:15@ Nahth 17:5)> ,g; g+kpf;F te;J kuzghpae;jk; fPo;g;gbTs;stuhapUe;jhH (Vrh 53:5-12@ gpyp 2:6ff@ 2nfhhp 8:9). mjdhy; gpjh mtiu vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf caHj;jpdhH. FkhudhdtH NkrpahthfTk; (mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;ltH) (xg;. Vrh 52:13@ gpyp 2:9) > mNjNtisapy; fHj;juhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whH (mg; 2:34-36). mtH kdpjHfSf;Fs;Ns epj;jpa fhy KOtJk; (,k;khDNty; vd;gjd; mHj;jk; Njtd; ek;NkhL ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;gjhFk;. mtUf;F epakpj;Js;s ,lj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;s ,Wjpapy; jpUk;g tUthH.

,r;rkhe;jpu rpe;jidfs; Vrhah Gj;jfj;jpd; KOtjpYk; %d;W gFjpfSf;$lhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl KbAk;: kfpikAk; cd;djepiyapypUkpUe;J mbikapd; &gnkLj;jYk; gpw;ghL kWgbAk; caHj;jg;glYk;! kf;fSilaJk; mtHfSila fHj;jUilaJkhd topfs; rkhe;jpukhf nrd;whYk; mq;Nf kpf Kf;fpakhd tpj;jpahrk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,];uNtYk; mtHfsJ ,uh[hTk; (mtHfSld; NrHe;J ,Wjpapy; vy;yh kDf;FyKk;: xg;. Mjp 3:1-6@ 11:1ff@ Nuhk 5:12@ Vrh 24:5-6.20) tpRthr JNuhfk; ,ioj;J tpl;lhHfs;@ mtHfspd; cld;gbf;ifapd; Njtdhfpa fHj;jiu tpl;L jpUk;gp

13

“jhrd;” vDk; xUik gjj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; ,e;jg; gjkhdJ ,g;Gj;jfj;jpy; ,dpNky; Njhw;wkspf;fhJ. khwhf> ahNtf;F cz;ikahdtHfs; vd;W fUjg;gLgtHfSf;Nf ,g;gjk; gd;ikapy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ (Vrh 65:8-15 y; cs;s gFjpapy; ,J VO jlitfs; gadlgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ).


tpl;lhHfs;. Vnddpy; mtHfs; jq;fisj; jhq;fNs caHj;j tpUk;gpdhHfs;. vdNt> mtHfs; KbAkhdhy; czHtile;J> kde;jpUk;gp> jq;fisj; jho;j;Jtjdhy; nanfhth mtHfis kWgbAk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mtHfSld; xg;Guthfj;jf;fjhf mtHfis jho;ikg;gLj;jp rpWikg;gLj;jp rpiwapUg;gpw;F mDg;g Ntz;bajha; ,Ue;jJ. Vrhah Gj;jfj;jpy; kdpjdpd; top ,g;gbahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ:

jk;ikj; jhNk caHj;jy; (1-39) ahNtapdhy; caHj;jg;gly; (56-66)

jho;j;jg;gly; (40-55)

kWgbAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glYk; kdpjDila caHTk; Vrhahtpd; nra;jpapd; gpufhuk;> fHj;jhpd; fphpiafspdhy; rhj;jpakhFk;. ,tH XH ,uh[hPf gps;isahf (Vrh 7:14@9:5@11:2.10) epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J ,t;Tyfj;jpw;F te;J (Vrh 9:5@ xg;. kPfh 5:1 kw;Wk; G.V .: Nahth 1:1@ 17:5.24@ vgp 7:1-3) XH Nrtfidg; Nghy; tho;e;jjd; %yk; ,J rhj;jpakhfpd;wJ. jq;fSila ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; kf;fs; rpiwapy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. jq;fs; KJfpNy mbiag; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhHfs; (Vrh 51:23). jhrdhdth; te;J mth;fis kPl;Fk;gbaha; mth; jhNk KJfpy; mbia ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh; (Vrh 50:6). jk;Kila [dq;fis kPl;Fk; gbahf fHj;jhpd; jhrd; jd;idj; jho;j;jp kDf;Fyj;jpd; ghtj;ij jd;Nky; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L jhd; Fw;wkw;wtuha; ,Ue;Jk; mtHfSf;fhf khpf;f Maj;jKs;stuha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtH kWgbAk; [PtDs;stuha; tUfpwhH. jk;Kila guk;giuiaf; fz;L murhSthH. (Vrh 52:13-15y; cs;s “…mth; cah;j;jg;gl;L> Nkd;ikAk; kfh cd;djKkhapUg;ghh;….” vd;w thHj;ijia Vrh 57:15y; cs;s “epj;jpathrpAk; ghpRj;jh; vd;fpw ehkKs;stUkhfpa kfj;JtKk; cd;djKkhdth; nrhy;Yfpwhh;:” vd;w trdj;jpy; cs;s thHj;ijfSld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk;. ,g;Gj;jfkhdJ gpd;tUk; tpjkhf njspthf fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; Kjw; gFjpapy; (1-39) jkJ thapd; (Vrh 11:4) Nfhypdhy; nfhLikahdtHfis jz;bf;fpd;w tug;NghFk; xU ,uh[hthf Nkrpah rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH. ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; (40-55) jPHf;fjhprpahdtH XH gpujpaPlhf kw;wtHfSila ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; (Vrh 53:5) mtH jhNk jk;ik mbf;fpwtHfSf;F (Vrh 50:6) jk;Kila KJif toq;Ffpd;w fHj;jhpd; jhrdpd; jho;ikg;gLj;jg;gliyAk; rpWikg;gLj;jiyAk; mwptpf;fpd;whH.

Vrhah Gj;jfj;jpy; Nkrpahthfpa NjtFkhudpd; top gpd;tUkhW nry;fpwJ: caHj;jg;gly; (1-39) kWgb cah;j;jg;gly; (56-66) jk;ikj; jho;j;Jjy; (40-55)

gpypg;gpaH 2k; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s gTypd; mwpTWj;jy; ,g;gbahfj;jhd; fpufpj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. vg;gb ,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila vy;yh rYiffisAk; kfpikfisAk; (gpjhNthL $l ,Ue;j) cjwpj;js;sptpl;L jk;ikj; jhNk jho;j;jpajpdhy; gpd;G gpjhtpdhy; mtH caHj;jg;gl;lJ Nghy ehKk; ek;ik ehNk jho;j;Jk;gbahf miof;fg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. Njtd; ngUikiag; Nghd;W vjidANk ntWj;jjpy;iy vd;gij ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; typAWj;jp $WfpwJ. ahf; 4:6 mth; mjpfkhd fpUigia mspf;fpwhNu. Mjyhy; Njtd; ngUikAs;sth;fSf;F vjph;j;J epw;fpwhh;> jho;ikAs;sth;fSf;Nfh fpUig mspf;fpwhnud;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwJ.

1NgJ 5:5-6 …ePq;fnsy;yhUk; xUtUf;nfhUth; fPo;g;gbe;J> kdj;jho;ikia mzpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;@ ngUikAs;sth;fSf;Fj; Njtd; vjph;j;J epw;fpwhh;> jho;ikAs;sth;fSf;Nfh fpUig mspf;fpwhh;. Mifahy;> Vw;wfhyj;jpNy Njtd; cq;fis cah;j;Jk;gbf;F> mtUila gyj;j iff;Fs; mlq;fpapUq;fs;.


III. gilg;gpw;F Kd;dpUe;Nj ,Uf;Fk; ,NaR fpwp];J. ehk; ,NaR fpwp];Jit gpujhdkhf Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; gf;fq;fSf;$lhf mwpfpNwhk;. mtH ekf;fhf “fpwp];k];” md;W gpwe;jhH. ekf;fhf gpwe;j ,tH cz;ikapy; ahuhf ,Uf;f KbAk;?

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Muk;gj;ijf; Fwpj;j mg;Ngh];jydhfpa Nahthdpd; rhl;rpia ehk; ghHf;Fk; nghOJ gpd;tUk; mofhd trdq;fisf; fhzyhk;.

Nahth 1:15 Nahthd; ];ehdfH jd;idf; Fwpj;J ,g;gb nrhy;fpwhH: “vdf;Fg; gpd;tUfpwth; vdf;F Kd;dpUe;jth;> Mifahy; mth; vd;dpYk; Nkd;ikAs;sth; vd;W ehd; nrhy;ypapUe;NjNd> mth; ,th;jhd; vd;W rj;jkpl;Lf; $wpdhd;”.

Mdhy; ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH “Nahthd; ];ehdfDf;F MW khjq;fSf;F gpd;ghf gpwe;jtH. mg;gbahapd; mtH vg;gb “Nahthd; ];ehdfDf;F Kd;ghf ,Uf;f KbAk;?” ,NaR fpwp];J mjw;Fk; Kd;nry;Yk; Xu; fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

Nahth 8:58 mjw;F ,NaR: Mgpufhk; cz;lhfpwjw;F Kd;dNk ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;.

mj;Jld; mtH NkYk; nrhd;dJ:

Nahth 17:5.24 gpjhNt> cyfk; cz;lhfpwjw;FKd;Nd ck;kplj;jpy; vdf;F cz;lhapUe;j kfpikapdhNy ,g;nghOJ ePh; vd;id ck;kplj;jpNy kfpikg;gLj;Jk;. gpjhNt> cyfj;Njhw;wj;Jf;F Kd; ePh; vd;dpy; md;ghapUe;jgbapdhy;> ePh; vdf;Fj; je;j vd;Dila kfpikia ePh; vdf;Fj; je;jth;fs; fhZk;gbahf> ehd; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpNwNdh mq;Nf mth;fSk; vd;DlNd$l ,Uf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.

Nahth 1:1 MjpapNy thh;j;ij ,Ue;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij Njtdplj;jpypUe;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij NjtdhapUe;jJ.

A. fpwp];J vDk; egH NtjhfkkhdJ ,NaR fpwp];J kdpjdhf tUtjw;F Kd;Ng cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj ,Ug;gtu; vd;gijg; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ.

ePjp 8:22-23 fh;j;jh; jkJ fphpiafSf;FKd; G+h;tKjy; vd;idj; jkJ topapd; Mjpahff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. G+kp cz;lhFKd;Dk;> MjpKjw;nfhz;Lk; mehjpaha; ehd; mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;Nld;. 14

(RSV mbf;Fwpg;G)

14 Die Zeugen Jehovas behaupten, diese Passage deute darauf hin, dass Jesus Christus durch Gott den Vater geschaffen wurde.

Dem kann wie folgt entgegnet werden: Das hebräische Verb “qana” (קנה ) kann folgende Bedeutungen haben: gründen,

schaffen, besitzen, sich aneignen, erwerben. Die meisten Bibelübersetzer ziehen hier die Bedeutung „erwerben“ oder „besitzen“

vor. Wie dem auch sei, die Regeln der Hermeneutik zeigen uns, dass, wenn in solchen Texten gewisse Verse auf Christus

gedeutet werden können, dies noch lange nicht für alle Verse bzw. Aussagen gelten muss. Dazu nur ein Beispiel: Die Psalmen

22 und 69 zählen zu den so genannten „messianischen Psalmen“. So wird z. B. Psa 22:2 in Mat 27:46 (Jesu Ausruf am Kreuz

bevor er starb), Psa 22:9 in Mat 27:43 (Verhöhnung Jesu am Kreuz durch Zuschauer) und Psa 22:19 in Mat 27:35 (Verlosung

der Kleider Jesu unter dem Kreuz) zitiert. Psalm 69:10-11.24-26 werden in den Passagen Joh 2:17; Röm 15:3; 11:9-10 und Apg

1:20 zitiert, was aber nicht heissen will, dass alle Aussagen in Psalm 22 und 69 auf Jesus angewendet werden können. In Psa

69:6, zum Beispiel, spricht David von seiner Torheit und Schuld. Dieses Bekenntnis kann nicht auf Jesus angewendet werden, da

er ja ohne Sünde war und ist: vgl. Joh 8:46; 2Ko 5:21; Heb 4:15. Wenngleich man also auch gewisse Aussagen in Spr 8:22ff auf

Jesus anwenden kann, so bedeutet das nicht zwangsläufig, dass alle Details in jener Passage auf Jesus zutreffen müssen. Da

nirgends in der Heiligen Schrift gesagt wird, dass Jesus erschaffen wurde, ist es auch (hermeneutisch) unzulässig, sich auf Spr

8:22ff zu berufen, um dies zu behaupten.


kPfh 5:2 vg;gpuhj;jh vd;dg;gl;l ngj;yNfNk> eP A+NjahtpYs;s Mapuq;fSf;Fs;Ns rpwpajhapUe;Jk;> ,];uNtiy Msg;Nghfpwth; cd;dplj;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L vd;dplj;jpy; tUthh;@ mtUila Gwg;gLjy; mehjpehl;fshfpa G+h;tj;jpDilaJ.

nfhNyh 1:17 mth; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Ke;jpdth;> vy;yhk; mtUf;Fs; epiyepw;fpwJ.

vgp 1:8 Fkhuid Nehf;fp;: NjtNd> ck;Kila rpq;fhrdk; vd;nwd;iwf;FKs;sJ> ck;Kila uh[;aj;jpd; nrq;Nfhy; ePjpAs;s nrq;NfhyhapUf;fpwJ.

mtUila jd;ikiaf; Fwpj;J MuhAk; nghOJ (mtH vg;gbg;gl;ltH vd;d Fzhjpraq;fisf; nfhz;ltH Nghd;w fhhpaq;fs;: ,ijf; Fwpj;J ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,U ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;j ghlj;jpy; ghHg;Nghk;) fpwp];JthdtH gpjhthfpa NjtNdhL xd;whf ,dq;fhzg;gLfpwhH.

Nahth 1:1 MjpapNy thh;j;ij ,Ue;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij Njtdplj;jpypUe;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij NjtdhapUe;jJ. Nahth 10:30 ehDk; gpjhTk; xd;whapUf;fpNwhk;

,jdhy; jhd; Muk;gNk ,y;yhj epj;jpa jd;ikAilatuhf kl;LNk mtH ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtH epj;jpaj;jpypUe;Nj ,Uf;fpwtuha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. gpjhNthLk; gilg;NghLk; mtUf;Fs;s cwT vd;w Nfs;tp ,aw;ifahfNt vLk; xd;whFk;.

1. (gpjhthfpa) NjtNdhL mtUf;Fs;s cwT.

Nahth 1:14 me;j thh;j;ij khk;rkhfp> fpUigapdhYk; rj;jpaj;jpdhYk; epiwe;jtuha;> ekf;Fs;Ns thrk;gz;zpdhh;@ mtUila kfpikiaf; fz;Nlhk;@ mJ gpjhTf;F xNuNgwhdtUila kfpikf;F Vw;w kfpikahfNt ,Ue;jJ.

Nahth 3:16 Njtd;> jk;Kila xNuNgwhd Fkhuid tpRthrpf;fpwtd; vtNdh mtd; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbf;F> mtiuj; je;jUsp> ,t;tstha; cyfj;jpy; md;G$h;e;jhh;.

NjtDf;Fk; fpwp];JTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwthdJ gpjhTf;Fk; FkhuDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT Nghy; ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpy; rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J rhjhuz “,aw;ifahd kdpj cwit” Nghd;wjy;y. khwhf> ,J “ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l cwthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ”.

xU Kd;itg;G: rq; 2:7 I nghWj;jkl;by; gpd;tUk; Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;: “,d;W” vd;W ,g;gFjpapy; $wg;gLk; gjj;jpd; mHj;jk; vd;d? xg;. vgp 1:5@ mg; 13:33@ Nuhk 1:4). “,d;W” vd;w thHj;ijahdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;njOjypd; rk;gtj;Jld; njhlHGgl;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ Nghy; njhpfpd;wJ.

Father

Son

,aw;ifahd cwT ntspg;gLj;jypd; cwT


2. rpU\;bg;Gldhd mtUila (fpwp];Jtpd;) cwT.

rpU\;bg;NghL cs;s cwtpd;NghJ fpwp];JthdtH “Kjw;Ngwhdtu;” vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;whu;. nfhNyh 1:15 mth; mjhprdkhd NjtDila jw;R&gKk;> rh;t rpU\;bf;Fk; Ke;jpd

NgWkhdth;. ,t;thHj;ijahdJ ek;Kila jw;Nghija rpU\;bAld; njhlHGilaJ. mtH Kjw; NgwhdtHjhd;. Vnddpy; mtH vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Kd;Ng ,Uf;fpwtH. vy;NyhUila fz;fSk; mtHNky; Nehf;fkha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ (Kjy; thpirapy; ,Ug;gijg; Nghd;W)! (xg;gpLf. nfhNy 1:16b-17).

nfhNyh 1:18 mtNu rigahfpa rhPuj;jpw;Fj; jiyahdth;@ vy;yhtw;wpYk; Kjy;tuhapUf;Fk;gb> mtNu MjpAk; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOe;j Kjw;NgWkhdth;.

mtHjhd; Kjw; NgwhdtH. Vnddpy; mtHjhd; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J Kjyhtjha; vOe;jtH. mth;jhd; kfpikaile;j rhPuj;NjhL Kjyhtjha; vOe;jtH.

1 nfhhp 15:23 mtdtd; jd;jd; thpirapNy caph;g;gpf;fg;gLthd;> Kjw;gydhdth; fpwp];J@ gpd;G mth; tUifapy; mtUilath;fs; caph;g;gpf;fg;gLthh;fs;.

,jidj; ,e;j G+kpapy; ,Uf;fpd;w ek;Kila Mtpf;Fhpa tho;f;ifAld; njhlHGilajhf ghHf;Fk; nghOJ mtHjhd; Kjw; NgwhdtH:

Nuhk 8:29 jk;Kila Fkhud; mNef rNfhjuUf;Fs;Ns Kjw;NgwhdtuhapUf;Fk; nghUl;L> Njtd; vth;fis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mth;fisj; jkJ FkhuDila rhaYf;F xg;ghapUg;gjw;F Kd;Fwpj;jpUf;fpwhh;@

Muk;gk;> mjpypUe;J Gwg;gLtJ vy;yhNk fpwp];Jtplk; ,Ue;Jjhd; tUfpwJ. vy;yhk; mtUf;Fs; epiy epw;fpd;wJ. mtHjhd; ek;Kila khjphp> ek;Kila rl;lk;> mNjNtis ek;Kila Fwpf;NfhSk; mtHjhd;.!

nfhNyh 1:16 Vndd;why; mtUf;Fs; rfyKk; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ@ guNyhfj;jpYs;sitfSk; g+Nyhfj;jpYs;sitfSkhfpa fhzg;gLfpwitfSk; fhzg;glhjitfSkhd rfy t];Jf;fSk;> rpq;fhrdq;fshdhYk;> fh;j;jj;Jtq;fshdhYk;> mjpfhuq;fshdhYk;> rfyKk; mtiuf;nfhz;Lk;> mtUf;nfd;Wk; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ.


nfhNyh 1:18 mtNu rigahfpa rhPuj;jpw;Fj; jiyahdth;@ vy;yhtw;wpYk; Kjy;tuhapUf;Fk;gb> mtNu MjpAk; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOe;j Kjw;NgWkhdth;.

nfhNyh 1:19 rfy ghpg+uzKk; mtUf;Fs;Ns thrkhapUf;Fk;gb flTs; tpUk;gpdhu;>..

ehk; mthpy; ek;Kila fz;fisg; gjpf;fpNwhkh? ehk; mtUila mbr;RtLfisg; gpd;gw;WfpNwhkh? ehk; cz;ikapy; mtUila rpj;jj;jpd;gb tho;fpNwhkh? (xg;.gpyp 2:5@ 1NgJ 2:21@ 1Nahth 2:6).


B. mtUila fphpia.

jphpj;Jtj;jpw;Fs;Ns kpfTk; ghpG+uzkhd xUikg;ghL cz;L. gpjhthfpa Njtdpd; rpj;jkhdJ mtuJ Fkhudhfpa thHj;ijf;$lhf (NyhNfh]; (logos): Nahth 1:1) epiwNtw;wg;gLfpwJ. FkhudhdtH gpjhtpdplj;jpypUe;Jk; Fkhudplj;jpypUe;Jk; Gwg;gLfpw ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf fphpia nra;fpd;whh; (xg;. yj;jPd; gjkhd “filioque” = Fkhudplj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; $l: Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F Mtpapay; vDk; vdJ tphpTiuiag; ghHf;fTk;). fpwp];J jd;Dila khdpl epiyf;F Kd;ghf gpd;tUk; ,U fphpiafisAk; nra;J Kbj;jhH.

1. rpU\;bfhpd; fphpia.

Nahth 1:3 rfyKk; mth; %ykha; cz;lhapw;W@ cz;lhdnjhd;Wk; mtuhNyay;yhky; cz;lhftpy;iy.

vy;yhNk thHj;ijf;$lhf cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. MfNt ,g; gpugQ;rj;jpd; cz;ikahd rpU\;b fHj;jh fpwp];JthdtNu. mtHjhd; ,e;j rpU\;bg;ig epiwNtw;wpatH> tbtikj;jtH vd nrhy;y KbAk;.

nfhNyh 1:16 Vndd;why; mtUf;Fs; rfyKk; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ@ guNyhfj;jpYs;sitfSk; g+Nyhfj;jpYs;sitfSkhfpa fhzg;gLfpwitfSk; fhzg;glhjitfSkhd rfy t];Jf;fSk;> rpq;fhrdq;fshdhYk;> fh;j;jj;Jtq;fshdhYk;> mjpfhuq;fshdhYk;> rfyKk; mtiuf;nfhz;Lk;> mtUf;nfd;Wk; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;lJ.

MfNt mtH ek;Kila rpU\;bfu; (xg;. Mjp 2:7 “ahNt”) mtHjhd; vd;id cz;lhf;fpatH. vd;d mUikahd rj;jpak;. ek; kPl;gHjhd; ek;ik cz;lhf;fpatH. vdNt ek;kPJ mtUf;F ,ul;bg;ghd chpikAz;L. (xg;. Vrh 43:1).

2. jf;fitg;gtupd; (jhq;Ffpwth;) fphpia


vgp 1:3 ,th; mtUila kfpikapd; gpufhrKk;> mtUila jd;ikapd; nrh&gKkhapUe;J> rh;tj;ijAk; jk;Kila ty;yikAs;s trdj;jpdhNy jhq;Ffpwtuha;> jk;khNyjhNk ek;Kila ghtq;fis ePf;Fk; Rj;jpfhpg;ig cz;Lgz;zp> cd;djj;jpYs;s kfj;JtkhdtUila tyJghhprj;jpNy cl;fhh;e;jhh;.

rpU\;bg;ghdJ jw;nrayhf ele;j xd;wy;y. mJ rpU\;bf;fg;gl;l gpd;G mg;gbNa tpl;Ltplg;gl;l xd;Wky;y. mJ rpU\;bfhpd; fuj;jpypUe;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mJ mg;gbNa epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mNjNghd;W Neuq;fs;> fhyq;fs;> cyf tuyhWfs;> ,ul;rpg;gpd; tuyhW ahTNk mtuJ fuj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ (xg;. jhdp 2:21@ ntsp 5:6-9@ 12:12). ,jw;F rkhe;jpukhf fpwp];J ek;Kila rpU\;bfH kl;Lky;y. mtu; Md;kPf tho;tpijj; jhf;fitg;gtUk; mjw;F cj;juthjKkhdtu;. (xg;. gpyp1:6> vgp. 12:2)

C. mtiuf; Fwpj;J gioa Vw;ghl;bd; rhl;rp.

gioa Vw;ghl;bd; njspthd thrpg;G> ,NaRfpwp];J nka;ahfNt NjtFkhudha; ,Ue;jhH> ,g;nghOJk; ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;w Kbtpw;F ek;ik topelj;JfpwJ. gioa Vw;ghL KOtJNk ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J rhl;rp nfhLf;fpd;wJ vd;gij epr;rakhfNt ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vk;khT+Uf;F NghFk; topapy; rP\HfSf;F ,NaR nrhd;d thHj;ijfs; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.


Y}f; 24:26-27 “fpwp];J ,t;tpjkhfg; ghLglTk;> jkJ kfpikapy; gpuNtrpf;fTk; Ntz;bajpy;iyah vd;W nrhy;yp> NkhNr Kjypa rfy jPh;f;fjhprpfSk; vOjpd Ntjthf;fpaq;fnsy;yhtw;wpYk; jk;ikf;Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;ypaitfis mth;fSf;F tpthpj;Jf; fhz;gpj;jhh;.”

“thHj;ij khk;rkhfpaJ” vd;gjpy; (,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhjiyf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpd;wJ) “thHj;ij” vd;w nrhy;yhdJ fpwp];J mtUila khk;rkhjYf;F Kd;dNk ,Ue;jhH vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjhtJ mtH kdpjdhf tu Kd;Ng ,Ue;jtH.


Nahth 1:14 me;j thh;j;ij khk;rkhfp> fpUigapdhYk; rj;jpaj;jpdhYk; epiwe;jtuha;> ekf;Fs;Ns thrk;gz;zpdhh;@ mtUila kfpikiaf; fz;Nlhk;@ mJ gpjhTf;F xNuNgwhdtUila kfpikf;F Vw;w kfpikahfNt ,Ue;jJ. mNjNtis NjtDila rpy ehkq;fs; $l (naNfhth kw;Wk;> naNfhthTld; Nrh;e;J tUfpd;w $l;Lg; ngaHfSk;) ,NaR fpwp];JitNa Fwpf;fpd;wd.

1. mtUila Njhw;wk; gioa Vw;ghlhdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Njhw;wq;fis mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ (fpwp];Nlh/gdp]; = christophanies). ,J fpwp];Jtpd; khdplg; gpwg;gpw;F Kd;dhd epiyia cWjp nra;fpwJ. cz;ikahfNt ,Uf;fpd;w xUtu;jhd; ,d;ndhUtUf;F fhl;rpaspf;f KbAk;.

Mjp 3:8 gfypy; Fsph;r;rpahd NtisapNy Njhl;lj;jpy; cyhTfpw Njtdhfpa fh;j;jUila rj;jj;ij mth;fs; Nfl;lhh;fs;. mg;nghOJ MjhKk; mtd; kidtpAk; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jUila re;epjpf;F tpyfp> Njhl;lj;jpd; tpUl;rq;fSf;Fs;Ns xspj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

Mjp 18:1 gpd;G fh;j;jh; kk;Nuapd; rkg+kpapNy mtDf;Fj; jhprdkhdhh;. mtd; gfypNy c\;zNtisapy; $lhuthrypNy cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jNghJ>

,q;Nf $wg;gl;Ls;s fHj;jH vd;gtH khdpl gpwg;gpw;F Kd;ghf cs;s fpwp];J jhd; vd Ntjhfk fpwp];jtHfs; nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. Vnddpy; “gpjhit xUtUk; xUf;fhYk; fz;ljpy;iy” (,NaR fpwp];J vDk; kdpjidj; jtpu: xg;. Nahth 1:18@ 1jPNkh 1:16). khdpl gpwg;gpw;F Kd;dhf fpwp];Jthd fHj;jH Mgpufhkpw;F ,U J}jHfSld; jhprdkhdhH (Mjp 18:22). vgpNua Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s Mjp 19:24 “,U fHj;jHfs;” vd njspthf NgRfpwJ. KjyhtJ fHj;jH Mgpufhkpw;F mz;ikapy; Neubahf epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,uz;lhtJ thdj;jpy; ,Ue;j fHj;jH. ,jpYs;s KjyhtJ egH NrhNjhk; nfhkuhtpd; Nky; mf;fpdpiaAk; fe;jfj;ijAk; tug;gz;zpatH. Mgpufhkpw;F gf;fj;jpy; epd;w fHj;jH fpwp];Jit (khdpl gpwg;gpw;F Kd;G) jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy. mNjNtis kw;wtH guNyhfj;jpd; gpjhthdtH.

ahj; 3:4 mtd; ghh;f;Fk;gb fpl;l tUfpwijf; fh;j;jh; fz;lhh;. Kl;nrbapd; eLtpypUe;J Njtd; mtid Nehf;fp: NkhNr> NkhNr vd;W $g;gpl;lhh;. mtd;: ,Njh> mbNad; vd;whd;. ahj; 3:3 y; vhpAk; Kl;nrbapy; NkhNrf;F Njhd;wpa mNj egH fHj;jUila J}jd; vd ,zq;fhzg;gl;Ls;shH. tpiuthf Mfha; 1:13y; cs;s gFjpiaj; jtpu (mq;Nf fHj;jUila J}jdhf jPHf;fjhprpahfpa Mfhia Fwpf;fpwJ) kw;w vy;yh ,lq;fspNyAk; mJ khdpl tbtk; vLf;Fk; Kd;ghf ,Ue;j NjtFkhuidNa Fwpf;Fk;. fHj;jUila J}jd; vd $wg;gLfpd;w rpy gFjpfs; ,Njh:


epah 13:3 fh;j;jUila J}jdhdth; me;j ];jphPf;Fj; (rpk;Nrhdpd; jha;) jhprdkhfp> mtis Nehf;fp: ,Njh> gps;isngwhj kybahd eP fh;g;ge;jhpj;J> xU Fkhuidg; ngWtha;.

rf 1:11 gpd;G mth;fs; kpUJr;nrbfSf;Fs;Ns epd;w fh;j;jUila J}jid Nehf;fp: ehq;fs; G+kpnaq;Fk; Rw;wpg;ghh;j;Njhk;@ ,Njh> G+kp KOtJk; mikjYk; mkhpf;ifAkha; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;whh;fs;. 2. milahsq;fs; fhyk; epiwNtwpa NghJ (fyh 4:4) tu Ntz;batuhf ,Ue;j ,NaR fpwp];J gioa Vw;ghl;by; tutpUf;Fk; “epoyhf” tpghpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH. vq;Nf xU epoy; ,Uf;fpwNjh mq;Nf XH ruPuk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;! ,e;j epoy;fs; XH khjphpfs; my;yJ milahsq;fs; vd mwpag;gLfpd;wJ. milahsq;fs; mtUila Ms;jd;ikiaAk; fphpiaAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ: mjw;F mNef cjhuzq;fs; cz;L. Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l rpy cjhuzq;fis Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

a) mtiuf; Fwpj;J ehd;F Ntjhfk cUtfq;fis ehd; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;: Mjhk; (Nuhk 5:14): mg;gbapUe;Jk;> kuzkhdJ Mjhk;Kjy; NkhNrtiuf;Fk;>

Mjhkpd; kPWjYf;nfhg;gha;g; ghtQ;nra;ahjth;fisAk; Mz;Lnfhz;lJ@ me;j Mjhk; gpd;G te;jtUf;F Kd;dilahskhdtd;.

nky;fprNjf; (vgp 7:3): ,td; jfg;gDk; jhAk; tk;rtuyhWk; ,y;yhjtd;@ ,td;

(nky;fprNjf;) ehl;fspd; Jtf;fKk; [Ptdpd; KbTKilatdhapuhky;> NjtDila FkhuDf;F xg;ghdtdha; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; Mrhhpadhf epiyj;jpUf;fpwhd;.

NkhNr (cgh 18:15): cd; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; vd;idg;Nghy xU jPh;f;fjhprpia

cdf;fhf cd; eLNt cd; rNfhjuhpypUe;J vOk;gg;gz;Zthh;@ mtUf;Fr; nrtpnfhLg;gPh;fshf.

jhtPJ (2rhK 7:12-13): “mtd; vd; ehkj;Jf;nfd;W xU Myaj;ijf; fl;Lthd;@

mtd; uh[;a ghuj;jpd; rpq;fhrdj;ij vd;iwf;Fk; epiyf;fg;gz;ZNtd;. Y}f; 1:31-33 ld; xg;gplTk;: mth; nghpatuhapUg;ghh;> cd;djkhdtUila Fkhud; vd;dg;gLthh;@ fh;j;juhfpa Njtd; mtUila gpjhthfpa jhtPjpd; rpq;fhrdj;ij mtUf;Ff; nfhLg;ghh;”

b) mtUila fphpiafisf; Fwpj;J. ehF mwpag;gl;l ehd;F cjhuzq;fSld; vd;id kl;Lg;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;:

Ml;Lf;Fl;b (ahj; 12:3): ePq;fs; ,];uNty; rigahh; ahtiuAk; Nehf;fp: ,e;j khjk; gj;jhk; Njjpapy; tPl;Lj;jiyth;fs;> tPl;Lf;F xU Ml;Lf;Fl;bahf> xt;nthUtUk; xt;nthU Ml;Lf;Fl;biaj; njhpe;J nfhs;sf;flth;fs; (xg;. Nahth 1:29: “,Njh> cyfj;jpd; ghtj;ijr; Rke;JjPh;f;fpw Njt Ml;Lf;Fl;b. kw;Wk; 1NgJ 1:18-20: Fw;wkpy;yhj khrw;w Ml;Lf;Fl;bahfpa fpwp];Jtpd; tpiyNawg;ngw;w ,uj;jj;jpdhNy kPl;fg;gl;Bh;fnsd;W mwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fNs.”)

gypfs; (Nytp 1-7): xg;. vgp 9:14: “epj;jpa MtpapdhNy jk;ikj;jhNk gOjw;w gypahfj; NjtDf;F xg;Gf;nfhLj;j fpwp];JtpDila ,uj;jk; [PtDs;s NjtDf;F CopaQ;nra;tjw;F cq;fs; kdr;rhl;rpiar; nrj;j fphpiafswr; Rj;jpfhpg;gJ vt;tsT epr;rak;!” vgp 10:14: “Vnddpy; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gLfpwth;fis xNu gypapdhNy ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;.”


Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhuk; (ahj; 25:40): “kiyapNy cdf;Ff; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;l khjphpapd;gbNa mitfisr; nra;a vr;rhpf;ifahapU”. xg;. vgp 8:5: “,th;fs; nra;Ak; Muhjid guNyhfj;jpYs;sitfspd; rhaYf;Fk; epoYf;Fk; xj;jpUf;fpwJ@ mg;gbNa> NkhNr $lhuj;ij cz;Lgz;zg;Nghifapy;: kiyapNy cdf;Ff; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;l khjphpapd;gbNa eP vy;yhtw;iwAk; nra;a vr;rhpf;ifahapU vd;W Njtd; mtDf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhh;.” ntz;fy rHg;gk; (vz; 21:8): “mg;nghOJ fh;j;jh; NkhNria Nehf;fp: eP xU nfhs;sptha;r; rh;g;gj;jpd; cUtj;ijr; nra;J> mij xU fk;gj;jpd;Nky; J}f;fpit> fbf;fg;gl;ltd; vtNdh mtd; mij Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;jhy; gpiog;ghd; vd;whh;.” xg;. Nahth 3:14: “rh;g;gkhdJ NkhNrapdhy; tdhe;juj;jpNy cah;j;jg;gl;lJNghy kD\FkhuDk;>.. cah;j;jg;glNtz;Lk;.”

gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s milahsq;fs; my;yJ epoy;fs; (NkNy fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lgb) “xU rhPuk;” ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk;. ,J NjtDila kPl;gpd; jpl;lkhdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhjYf;F Kd;djhfNt ,Ue;jJ vd;gij epUgpf;fpd;wJ.

3. jPHf;fjhprdq;fs; NjtDila ,ul;rpg;gpd; jpl;lk; vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; gioa Vw;ghlhdJ ,NaR fpwp];JtpDila tUifiaf; Fwpj;j mNef jPHf;fjhprdq;fis cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,it KO gioa Vw;ghl;bw;$lhf rptg;G NfhL Nghy; nry;fpwJ. ehd; Mjpahfk Gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpf gpugy;akhd rpy cjhuzq;fis Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

Mjp 3:15 cdf;Fk; ];jphPf;Fk;> cd; tpj;Jf;Fk; mts; tpj;Jf;Fk; gif cz;lhf;FNtd;@ mth; cd; jiyia eRf;Fthh;> eP mth; Fjpq;fhiy eRf;Ftha; vd;whh;.

Mjp 12:3 cd;id MrPh;tjpf;fpwth;fis MrPh;tjpg;Ngd;> cd;idr; rgpf;fpwtidr; rgpg;Ngd;. g+kpapYs;s tk;rq;fnsy;yhk; cdf;Fs; MrPh;tjpf;fg;gLk; vd;whh;.

Mjp 49:10 rkhjhd fh;j;jh; tUksTk; nrq;Nfhy; a+jhittpl;L ePq;FtJk; ,y;iy> epahag;gpukhzpf;fd; mtd; ghjq;fis tpl;L xoptJk; ,y;iy@ [dq;fs; mthplj;jpy; NrUthh;fs;.

I. ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhFjy;.

xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l ,iwapaypy; ,NaRfpwp];J kdpjdhfpd;w tplakhdJ ika nghUshf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ! ek;Kila kPl;ghdJ epw;gJk; my;yJ tPo;tJk; khk;rkhFjypy; jq;fpAs;sJ. ,NaRfpwp];JthdtH cz;ikapNyNa khdpldhf gpwe;j NjtFkhudhf ,y;yhtpl;lhy; khdpl Fyj;jpw;F kPl;Ng ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ. ,NaRfpwp];J xNu Neuj;jpy; NjtdhfTk; kdpjdhfTk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ekf;F ,ul;rpg;Gk; fpl;bapUf;fhJ.

1 Nahth 4:2 NjtMtpia ePq;fs; vjpdhy; mwpayhnkd;why;: khk;rj;jpy; te;j ,NaRfpwp];Jit mwpf;ifgz;Zfpw ve;j MtpAk; Njtdhy; cz;lhapUf;fpwJ.

1 Nahth 4:3 khk;rj;jpy; te;j ,NaRfpwp];Jit mwpf;ifgz;zhj ve;j MtpAk; Njtdhy; cz;lhdjy;y@ tUnkd;W ePq;fs; Nfs;tpg;gl;l me;jpfpwp];JtpDila Mtp mJNt> mJ ,g;nghOJk; cyfj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.


,e;j trdq;fs; xU $Hikahd gl;lak; Nghy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ghpRj;j NtjhfkkhdJ Kd;dNk ,Ue;jtH kdpjdhdhH vd;gij njspthf $Wfpd;wJ:


NtjhfkkhdJ mNef ,lq;fspy; fpwp];J Vd; khk;rj;jpy; te;jhH mjhtJ Vd; mtH kdpjdhdhH vd ekf;F $WfpwJ.

A. fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhFjypd; mtrpak;.

1. thf;Fj;jj;jq;fs; epiwNtWtjw;F Njtd; gy jlitfs; kWgbAk; kWgbAk; tpj;jpahrkhd fhyq;fspy; mtUila Fkhuid ,g;G+kpf;F mDg;g thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zpdhH. tPo;r;rpf;F gpw;ghL :


fp.K. 8k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; rPhpa-vgpuhaPk; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ :

Vrh 9:6 ekf;F xU ghyfd; gpwe;jhh;@ ekf;F xU Fkhud; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhh;@ fh;j;jj;Jtk; mth; Njhspd;NkypUf;Fk;@ mth; ehkk; mjprakhdth;> MNyhridf;fh;j;jh> ty;yikAs;s Njtd;> epj;jpa gpjh> rkhjhdg;gpuG vd;dg;gLk;.

mNef thf;Fj;jj;jq;fs; mtuJ KjyhtJ tUiff;F khj;jpuk; my;y. mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ tUiff;Fk; nghUe;Jtjha; cs;sJ.

2 nfhhp 1:20 vq;fshy; NjtDf;F kfpikAz;lhFk;gb> NjtDila thf;Fj;jj;jq;fnsy;yhk; ,NaRfpwp];JTf;Fs; “Mk;” vd;Wk;> mtUf;Fs; “Mnkd;” vd;Wk; ,Uf;fpwNj.

Nuhk 15:8 NkYk;> gpjhf;fSf;Fg; gz;zg;gl;l thf;Fj;jj;jq;fis

cWjpahf;Fk;gbf;F> NjtDila rj;jpaj;jpdpkpj;jk; ,NaRfpwp];J tpUj;jNrjdKs;sth;fSf;F Copaf;fhuuhdhu;@

2. gpjhit ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F. gioa Vw;ghlhdhJ Njtid rpU\;b fHj;jhthfTk;> KO G+kpapd; Nky; rHthjpfhuk; cs;s fHj;juhfTk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. NjtFkhudhfpa fpwp];J gpjhit ekf;F ntspg;gLj;j ,g;G+kpf;F te;jhH. ,e;j rj;jpakhdJ tpN\rkhf Nahthd; RtpN\rj;jpy; ekf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nahth 1:18 Njtid xUtDk; xUf;fhYk; fz;ljpy;iy@ gpjhtpd; kbapypUf;fpw xNuNgwhd FkhuNd mtiu ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.

Nahth 14:9 “mjw;F ,NaR: gpypg;GNt> ,t;tsTfhyk; ehd; cq;fSlNd$l ,Ue;Jk; eP vd;id mwpatpy;iyah? vd;idf; fz;ltd; gpjhitf; fz;lhd;@ mg;gbapUf;f> gpjhit vq;fSf;Ff; fhz;gpAk; vd;W eP vg;gbr; nrhy;Yfpwha;?”


fyh 4:6y; ,e;j nja;tPf ntspg;ghlhdhJ vt;tsT Mr;rHakhdJ vd;gJ Nghy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NaRfpwp];JtpYk;> mtUf;$lhfTk; gpjhit “mg;gh> gpjhNt!” vd miof;fyhk;”

3. XH cz;ikAs;s gpujhd Mrhhpauha; ,Ug;gjw;F ghtk; xd;iwj; jtpu… ,e;j cyfj;jpy; xU kdpjd; vtw;iwf; fhz KbANkh my;yJ mDgtpf;f KbANkh ,it ahtw;iwAk; nra;J fhl;l mtH ,e;j G+kpf;F te;jhH.

vgp 4:15 ek;Kila gytPdq;fisf;Fwpj;Jg; ghpjgpf;ff;$lhj gpujhd Mrhhpah; ekf;fpuhky;> vy;yhtpjj;jpYk; ek;ikg;Nghy; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;Lk;> ghtkpy;yhjtuhapUf;fpw gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;fpUf;fpwhh;.

xU gpujhd Mrhhpad; kdpjHfSf;Fs; ,Ue;Jjhd; njhpTnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; (vgp 5:1). mg;gbapUf;Fk; nghOJjhd; mtd; ,uf;fKs;stdhfTk; mwpahikapYk;> jtwpYk;> Jf;fj;jpYk;> NrhjidapYk; thOk; jd;Dila cld; kf;fspd; Nky; fUizAs;stdha; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

vgp 2:17 md;wpAk;> mth; [dj;jpd; ghtq;fis eptph;j;jp nra;tjw;NfJthf> Njtfhhpaq;fisf;Fwpj;J ,uf;fKk; cz;ikAKs;s gpujhd MrhhpauhapUf;Fk;gbf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; jk;Kila rNfhjuUf;F xg;ghfNtz;bajhapUe;jJ.

mth; grpawpe;jhh;> mDjhgj;ijAk; mDjhgkpd;ikiaAk; mDgtpj;jhh;> ,uT KOtJk; tpopj;jpUe;J n[gpj;jhH. fisg;gilAk; kl;Lk; KO ehSk; Ntiy nra;jhH. Nrhjpf;fg;gl;lhH. jtwhf vz;zg;gl;lhH. Jd;gg;gLj;jg;gl;lhH. ,Wjpapy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhH:

4. ghtj;ij xopf;f

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhFjypd; gpujhd fhuzk;> kdpjdpd; ghtq;fis xopf;f ,g; G+kpf;F te;jNjahFk;. ghtj;jpd; rk;gsk; kuzkhf ,Ue;jgbahy; (Nuhk 6:23) mtH khpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Mdhy;> khpf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; mtH kdpjdhf Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mtH khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; Rje;jhpf;f Ntz;Lk; (vgp 2:14)!

vgp 9:26 mg;gbapUe;jjhdhy;> cyfKz;lhdJ Kjw;nfhz;L mth; mNefe;juk; ghLglNtz;bajhapUf;FNk@ mg;gbay;y> mth; jk;ikj;jhNk gypapLfpwjpdhNy ghtq;fis ePf;Fk;nghUl;lhf ,e;jf; filrpf;fhyj;jpy; xNujuk; ntspg;gl;lhh;.

1 Nahth 3:5 mth; ek;Kila ghtq;fisr; Rke;J jPh;f;f ntspg;gl;lhnud;W mwptPh;fs;@ mthplj;jpy; ghtkpy;iy.

khw; 10:45 mg;gbNa> kD\FkhuDk; Copaq;nfhs;Sk;gb tuhky;> CopaQ;nra;aTk;> mNefiu kPl;Fk;nghUshfj; jk;Kila [Ptidf; nfhLf;fTk; te;jhh;.

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH rpYitapy; khpj;jpuhtpl;lhy;> mtuJ tho;Tk; ghLfSk; ve;jnthU Fwpg;ghd mHj;jj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ. mtuJ kuzk;> capHj;njOjYf;fha; ed;wp. Vnddpy; mtUila MrPHthjj;jpy; ,Ue;J ed;ikia mDgtpf;fpd;Nwhk;!

5. gprhrpd; fphpiafis mopf;Fk;gbf;F

gprhrpd; fphpiafs; Nuhk 13:12 kw;Wk; fyh 5:19 Yk; tpsq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fphpia gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.


1 Nahth 3:8 …gprhrpDila fphpiafis mopf;Fk;gbf;Nf NjtDila Fkhud; ntspg;gl;lhh;…

vgp 2:14 Mjyhy;> gps;isfs; khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilath;fshapUf;f> mtUk; mth;fisg;Nghy khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilatuhdhh;@ kuzj;Jf;F mjpfhhpahfpa gprhrhdtidj; jkJ kuzj;jpdhNy mopf;Fk;gb te;jhu;>..

rhj;jhdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J ty;yik vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mtd; Njhw;fbf;fg; gl;Ltpl;lhd;! fpwp];Jtpy; ekf;F ntw;wpAz;L. ,Ug;gpDk; mtd; ek;ik Nrhjpf;fTk;> jhf;fTk;> rpy Neuq;fspy; ek;ik tPo;j;jTk; KbAk;. ftiyf;fplkhf Njtgps;isfs; Nrhjidf;F ,lq;nfhLg;gjhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;l vjphpf;F fdj;ij nfhLf;fpd;whHfs;. ntsp 20:20y; gprhRf;F Nkyhd ,Wjp ntw;wpia fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ,Wjpapy; fe;jfKk; mf;fpdpAkhd flypy; mtd; J}f;fpnawpag;gLthd;.

6. ghpRj;j tho;it ekf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;j

kj; 11:29 ehd; rhe;jKk; kdj;jho;ikAkha; ,Uf;fpNwd;@ vd; Efj;ij cq;fs; Nky; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> vd;dplj;jpy; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;@ mg;nghOJ> cq;fs; Mj;Jkhf;fSf;F ,isg;ghWjy; fpilf;Fk;.

1 NgJ 2:21 ,jw;fhf ePq;fs; miof;fg;gl;LkpUf;fpwPh;fs;@ Vnddpy;> fpwp];JTk; cq;fSf;fhfg; ghLgl;L> ePq;fs; jk;Kila mbr;RtLfisj; njhlh;e;JtUk;gb cq;fSf;F khjphpiag; gpd;itj;Jg;Nghdhh;. ek;Kila tho;tpw;fhd Njtepajpahf ekf;F xU Kd;Djhuzk; Njitg;gLfpwJ. vdNt ekf;F miog;G ,t;thwikfpwJ.

gpyp 2:5 fpwp];J ,NaRtpypUe;j rpe;ijNa cq;fspYk; ,Uf;ff;fltJ…

1Nahth 2:6 mtUf;Fs; epiyj;jpUf;fpNwndd;W nrhy;Yfpwtd;> mth; ele;jgbNa jhDk; elf;fNtz;Lk;. ghpRj;jkhd tho;T tho;tjw;F ek;ik gpujhdkhf J}z;LtJ rl;l jpl;lq;fs; my;y. khwhf> kw;wtHfSila Kd;Djhuzkhd tho;NtahFk;. vdNtjhd;> gpd;tUk; miog;G ek;ik gpd;gw;wp tUfpwJ. vd;id gpd;gw;Wq;fs;! fy;tpapd; mbg;gil gpukhzk; ey;y Kd;khjphpfs; mtrpakhFk; vd;gNjahFk;:

,NaR fpwp];J jk;ikj;jhNk jho;j;jpa cjhuzk; gpyp 2:5-8y; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtH jk;ikj;jhNk ntWikahf;fpdhH. “ntWikahf;fpdhH” vd;gjpdhy; mtH jhk; Njtdha; ,Ug;gij epWj;jptpl;lhH vd;W mHj;jky;y. mtuJ G+Nyhf tho;tpd; NghJ mtuJ xU FzhjpraKk; ,y;yhky; Nghftpy;iy. mtw;iwg; ghtpf;f mtUf;fpUe;j cupikia mtu; cjwpj;js;spdhu;. mtH ve;jf; fl;lj;jpYk; Njtdha; ,Uf;f jtwtpy;iy (mtH jk;ikj;jhNk jho;j;jpa NghJk; ,f; fUj;J nfNdhrp]; (Kenosis) vd;w ,iwapaYf;F vjpuhdJ. ,ijf; Fwpj;J ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,U jd;ikfs; vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; ghHg;Nghk;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Ra-jho;ikahdJ mtH gpjhNthL $l mDgtpj;j kfpikia tpl;L te;jJld; khj;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jptpl KbahJ. Nkyhf> mtuJ jho;ikg;gLj;jy;> rpWikg;gLj;jy; mtUila gpwg;gpypUe;J guNkWk; tiuf;Fk; cs;s ,e;j g+kpapy; tho;e;j KO ehl;fSlDk; njhlHGilajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Nahth 18:4-8>12 tiuAs;s trdq;fspy; ,e;j ajhHj;jk; ntspg;gilaha; njhpfpd;wJ. (mtUila ifJ nra;jiy vjph;g;gij ,NaR fpwp];J nra;ahky; tpl;L tpLfpd;whH).

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Ra-jho;ik vtw;iwnay;yhk; cilajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhd xU rhuhk;;rk;.


cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghf ,Ue;J mtH gpjhTld; nfhz;bUe;j kfpikia mtH js;spitj;jhH (Nahth 17:5).

khk;rkhFjy; (gpyp 2:7). mtUila ty;yik> Fzhjpraq;fis js;spitj;jYk;> ,g;G+kpf;Fhpa tho;tpy;

mjid gad;gLj;jYk; (cjhuzk;. kj; 26:53).

ekf;fhd xU rthy; : ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khdpl gpwg;ghdJ ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;gpw;F Kf;fpakhdJ kl;Lkd;wp> mUl;gzp Ntiyiaf; Fwpj;j mjd; jhw;ghpaq;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpakhdJ.

2 nfhhp 8:9 ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; fpUigia mwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fNs@ mth; IRthpaKs;stuhapUe;Jk;> ePq;fs; mtUila jhpj;jpuj;jpdhNy IRthpathd;fshFk;gbf;F> cq;fs; epkpj;jk; jhpj;jpuuhdhNu.

Nuhk 15:3 fpwp];JTk; jkf;Nf gphpakha; elthky;: “ck;ik epe;jpf;fpwth;fSila epe;ijfs; vd;Nky; tpOe;jJ” vd;W vOjpapUf;fpwgbNa ele;jhh;.

Nahth 20:21 cq;fSf;Fr; rkhjhdKz;lhtjhf@ gpjh vd;id mDg;gpdJNghy ehDk; cq;fis mDg;GfpNwd;.

B. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ehkq;fs;

gioa Vw;ghl;by; NjtDf;F gy ehkq;fs; ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Gjpa Vw;ghl;bYk; NjtFkhuDf;F mNj msT ehkq;fs; ,Ug;gij fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

1. ,NaR

“,iwapaypy;” NjtDila ehkq;fisf; Fwpj;j mjpfhuj;jpy; NjtDila xt;nthU ngaUf;Fk; XH tpN\rpj;j mHj;jk; ,Ug;gij fhzyhk;. ehkkhdJ ahH me;jg; ngaiu cilatuha; ,Uf;fpd;whNuh mtUld; njhlHGgl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. NjtDila FzhjprakhdJ (jd;ik) ehkq;fSf;$lhf my;yJ mtUf;F ,Uf;Fk; gz;GfSf;$lhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy;> NjtFkhudpd; khdpl gpwg;Gld; njhlHGgLj;jp ghHf;Fk; nghOJ ,NaR vDk; ngauhdJ (vgpNua nkhopapy; nahRth [Yehōšoua‘]) ve;jtpj re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ!

ahj; 3:13 mg;nghOJ NkhNr Njtid Nehf;fp: ehd; ,];uNty; Gj;jpuhplj;jpy; Ngha;> cq;fs; gpjhf;fSila Njtd; cq;fsplj;jpy; vd;id mDg;gpdhh; vd;W mth;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ> mtUila ehkk; vd;d? vd;W mth;fs; vd;dplj;jpy; Nfl;lhy;> ehd; mth;fSf;F vd;d nrhy;YNtd; vd;whd;.

ahj; 6:3 rh;tty;yikAs;s Njtd; vd;Dk; ehkj;jpdhy; ehd; MgpufhKf;Fk; <rhf;Ff;Fk; ahf;NfhGf;Fk; jhprdkhNdd;@ MdhYk; NaNfhth vd;Dk; vd; ehkj;jpdhy; ehd; mth;fSf;F mwpag;gltpy;iy.

Vw;fdNt> Fwpg;gpl;lgb gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s “ahNt” vDk; ngauhdJ kpf mjpfkhf cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;dNk ,Ue;j Njt Fkhuidf; Fwpg;gjhf cs;sJ.

ePjp 30:4 thdj;Jf;F Vwpapwq;fpdth; ahh;? fhw;iwj; jkJ ifg;gpbfspy; mlf;fpdth; ahh;? jz;zPh;fis t];jpuj;jpNy fl;bdth; ahh;? G+kpapd; vy;iyfisnay;yhk; ];jhgpj;jth; ahh;? mtUila ehkk; vd;d? mth; FkhuDila ehkk; vd;d? mij mwpthNah?

kj; 1:21 “mts; xU Fkhuidg; ngWths;. mtUf;F ,NaR vd;W NghpLthahf@ Vnddpy; mth; jkJ [dq;fspd; ghtq;fis ePf;fp mth;fis ,ul;rpg;ghh;.”


,NaR vd;gJ NjtDila FkhuDila – khdpldha; gpwe;j NjtFkhuDila ngaHjhd;. ,J vy;yh ehkj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd ehkk; (gpyp 2:9-10). kdpjHfs; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLk; gbf;F thdj;jpd; fPnoq;Fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ehkKk; mJNt!

mg; 4:11-12 tPL fl;Lfpwth;fshfpa cq;fshy; mw;gkha; vz;zg;gl;l mtNu (fpwp];J) %iyf;Fj; jiyf;fy;yhdth;. mtuhNyad;wp NtnwhUtuhYk; ,ul;rpg;G ,y;iy@ ehk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLk;gbf;F thdj;jpd; fPnoq;Fk;> kD\h;fSf;Fs;Ns mtUila ehkNkay;yhky; NtnwhU ehkk; fl;lisaplg;glTk; ,y;iy.

mg; 4k; mjpfhuk; vg;nghOk; ehkj;ijf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpd;wJ (ghHf;f. trdq;fs; 7.10.12.17.18.30). xg;gpLf (mg; 4:17@ 5:20.40). rP\Hfs; mtHfSf;F vd;d tpUg;gNkh ve;j gpur;rpidAk; ,y;yhky; NgRk;gb mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,e;j ehkk; kl;Lk; cr;rhpf;fg;glhjgbf;F vr;rhpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

Nuhk 10:13 Mjyhy; fh;j;jUila ehkj;ijj; njhOJnfhs;Sfpw vtDk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLthd;.

vdNtjhd; rP\HfSf;Fk; J}Jg;gzp miog;G tUfpwJ: kj; 28:19 Mifahy;> ePq;fs; Gwg;gl;Lg;Ngha;> rfy [hjpfisAk; rP\uhf;fp> gpjh

Fkhud; ghpRj;j Mtpapd; ehkj;jpNy mth;fSf;F Qhd];ehdq;nfhLq;fs;> (“ehkj;jpy;” vd;gJ fpNuf;fj;jpy; xUikapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ).

mg;Ngh];jy elgbfspYk;> epUgq;fspYk; Qhd];ehdkhdJ rpy Neuq;fspy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpy; kl;LNk nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;Ngh];jyHfs; mjid tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. cjhuzkhf:

mg; 2:38 NgJU mth;fis Nehf;fp: ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp> xt;nthUtUk; ght kd;dpg;Gf;nfd;W ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ ghpRj;jMtpapd; tuj;ijg; ngWtPh;fs;.

Nuhk 6:3 fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs;shf Qhd];ehdk; ngw;w ehkidtUk; mtUila kuzj;Jf;Fs;shf Qhd];ehdk; ngw;wij mwpahkypUf;fpwPh;fsh?

2. fpwp];J ,NaR vd;gJ khdpldha; gpwe;j (jd;idj;jhd; jho;j;jpa) NjtFkhudpd; ngauhFk;. ,e;j ngauhdJ RtpNr\q;fspy; jhuhskhf tUfpd;wJ. epUgq;fspy; fHj;jhpd; jho;ik vq;nfy;yhk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wNjh mq;nfy;yhk; mJ $wg;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf vgp 2:9: NjtDila fpUigapdhy; xt;nthUtUf;fhfTk;> kuzj;ij Urpghh;f;Fk;gbf;F NjtJ}jhpYk; rw;Wr; rpwpatuhf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,NaR kuzj;ij cj;jhpj;jjpdpkpj;jk; kfpikapdhYk; fdj;jpdhYk; Kb#l;lg;gl;lijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; “fpwp];J” vDk; ehkkhdJ khwhf kfpikapd; ehkk; my;yJ jug;gLk; xU gl;lk;.

Y}f; 2:11 ,d;W fh;j;juhfpa fpwp];J vd;Dk; ,ul;rfh; cq;fSf;Fj; jhtPjpd; ChpNy gpwe;jpUf;fpwhh;.

fpwp];J vd;gJ fpNuf;fj;jpy; fpwp];Nlh]; [Khristós] vd vgpNua thHj;ijahd “Nkrpah” [“Māšīakh”] vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J nkhopngaHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkrpah vd;gjd; mHj;jkhdJ “mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;ltH” vd;gjhFk;.

fpwp];JthdtHjhd; gioa Vw;ghl;by; fhzg;gLfpd;w rfy mgpN\fq;fspd; epiwNtWjyha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. MrhhpaH> jPHf;fjhprpfs;> ,uh[hf;fs;> ahtUNk jq;fs; Copaj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;gbNa fpwp];J vDk;


ngauhdJ fHj;jUila Copaj;ij Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;w XH ngauhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mLj;j mjpfhuj;jpy; mtUila gytpjkhd gjtpepiyfs; tpgukhf tHzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; %d;Wtpjkhd gjtp epiyfs; V).

3. kw;iwa ngaHfs;

NjtFkhuDf;F Vwj;jho 250 ngaHfs; cz;L. ,g;ngaHfs; mtUf;F khj;jpuNk chpj;jhdjhFk;! ,g;ngaHfis cilatuhf ,Ug;gjw;F ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; mUfijapy;iy! ntspg;gLj;jy; Gj;jfj;jpy; ehk; fhZk; rpy cjhuzq;fs; ,Njh: NjtDila rpU\;bg;gpd; Muk;gk; 3:14 my;ghTk; xNkfhTk; (mjhtJ Muk;gKk; KbTk;)15 1:8 KjYk; KbTk; 1:17@ 2:8 NjtDila Fkhud; 2:18 NjtDila fHj;jH 1:8 rHtty;yikAs;stH 1:8 ghpRj;jkhdtH 3:7 rj;jpakhdtH 3:7@ 19:11 “MNkd;” vd;gtH 3:14.

C. ,NaRtpd; ,U jd;ikfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khdpl gpwg;ghdJ XH nghpa ,ufrpak;:

1jPNkh 3:16 md;wpAk;> Njtgf;jpf;Fhpa ,ufrpakhdJ ahtUk; xg;Gf;nfhs;SfpwgbNa kfhNkd;ikAs;sJ. Njtd; khk;rj;jpNy ntspg;gl;lhh;> MtpapNy ePjpAs;stnud;W tpsq;fg;gl;lhh;> NjtJ}jh;fshy; fhzg;gl;lhh;> Gw[hjpfsplj;jpy; gpurq;fpf;fg;gl;lhh;> cyfj;jpNy tpRthrpf;fg;gl;lhh;> kfpikapNy VnwLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhh;. ,NaR fpwp];J kdpjdhf te;jhH. mNjNtisapy; mtH NjtdhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. “nfNehbrk; 16 (“Kenotism”) vd;fpw nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;WgtHfSf;F ,J Kuz;ghlha; ,Uf;Fk;. ,J XH ,ufrpakhfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

kdpj mwpTf;F Ghpa itf;f KbahjJ. tpQ;Qhd Ma;TfSf;F cl;glhjJ. Mdhy;> ek; tpRthrj;jpw;F ngWkjpkpf;f mwpthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ!

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH NjtdhfTk; kdpjdhfTk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhH vd;gij ep&gpg;gJ Kbahj fhhpak;. ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; jhd; mjw;F rhl;rp gfHfpwJ. Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tp vd;dntd;why;> md;W ghpNraH Nfl;l Nfs;tp ,d;Wtiu Nfl;f;fg;gLfpd;w Kf;fpa Nfs;tpaha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kj; 22:42 “fpwp];Jitf;Fwpj;J ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpwPh;fs;> mth; ahUila Fkhud;?”

15

fpNuf;f mbr;Rtl;by; my;gh Kjy; vOj;jhfTk; xNkfh ,Wjp vOj;jhfTk; cs;sJ. 16 ,e;j jpupGf;nfhs;ifia (jtwhd cgNjrk;) gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JgtHfs; gpyp 2:5ff I mbg;gilahf itj;Jf; nfhz;L ,NaRfpwp];J kdpjdhf te;jnghOJ> mtH Njtdhf ,Ug;gij guNkWk; tiuf;Fk; epWj;jptpl;lhH vd;W Nghjpf;fpd;whh;fs;. “nfNdhrp];” (“kenosis”) vDk; thHj;ijahdJ vgpNua nkhopahfpa “nfD” (kenóō) vDk; thHj;ijapy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. gpyp 2:7y; fhzg;gLk; “jd;idj;jhNd ntWikahf;fpdhH” vd;w NjtDila khdplg; gpwg;ig Fwpf;Fk; gjkhdJ ,f;fpNuf;f thHj;ijapy; ,Ue;Jjhd; nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;lJ.


,f;Nfs;tpf;fhd mg;.NgJUtpd; gjpy; kj; 16:15-28y; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,NaR [PtDs;s NjtDila Fkhudhfpa fpwp];J vd;w NgJUtpd; mwpf;ifahdJ fl;lg;gLk; rigf;F XH m];jpghukhf ,Uf;Fk; vd ,NaRtpdhy; mJ mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; jhd; fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpj;j tpRthrk; fpwp];Jtpd; vjphpfshy; njhlHe;J jhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ ek;ik Mr;rh;akila itf;f $lhJ 1Nahth 4:1-3> ,JNt Mtpfis Nrhjpj;jwpAk; ciuf;fy;yhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ: khk;rj;jpy; te;j ,NaRfpwp];Jit mwpf;ifgz;zhj ve;j MtpAk; Njtdhy; cz;lhdjy;y@ tUnkd;W ePq;fs; Nfs;tpg;gl;l me;jpfpwp];JtpDila Mtp mJNt> mJ ,g;nghOJk; cyfj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

1. ,NaR fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;j jtwhd tpsf;fq;fSk; jpupGf; nfhs;iffSk;.

Ntjhfk ntspg;gLj;jypy; ,Ue;J ehk; toptpyfp nry;Nthkhdhy; gpd;tUk; ,U jtWfspy; xd;wpy; tpOe;J tpLNthk;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;jd;ikia kpf mjpfkhf typAWj;JtJ ,J mtUila khdpl jd;ikapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij kWf;fpwJ. my;yJ kWjypf;fpwJ:

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khdplj; jd;ikia kpifg;gLj;jp typAWj;jy;. ,J mthpd; nja;tPf jd;ikia kWjypf;Fk;> my;yJ Fiwf;Fk;.

rig tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gj;jpy; $l ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPf jd;ikia kWjypj;j mNef A+jf;fpwp];jtHfs; fhzg;gl;ldH. cjhuzkhf “vgpNahidl;];” (Ebionites = the poor) $l;lj;jhH (Viofs; vd ,jw;F nghUs;gLk;). mNjNghd;W ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPf jd;ikia kWjypf;Fk; ,d;ndhU nfhs;ifAk; cz;L. ,J “jj;njLg;Gf; nfhs;if” (→Adoptianism) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Mz;ltuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Qhd];ehdj;jpd; NghJ gpjhthdtuhy; mtH RtPfhpf;fg;gl;L jj;njLf;fg;gl;L mtUila gf;jpAs;s jd;ikf;F ghprhf NjtFkhud; vd gpjhtpdhy; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lhH vd $WfpwJ: ,th; vd;Dila NerFkhud;> ,thpy; gphpakhapUf;fpNwd; (kj;3:17). ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ 8k; E}w;whz;by; ,Ue;j ];ghdp]; gp\g;Gfshy; (Spanish bishops) Mjhpf;fg;gl;lJ. 18k; E}w;whz;by; ,Ue;j jhuhs thj nfhs;ifia filg;gpbf;Fk; FOf;fSk; (liberal groups)> Ntjhfkj;ij fLikahf Muha;r;rp nra;Ak; FOf;fspd; gpujpepjpfSk; (representatives of Biblical criticism) ,t; jj;njLg;Gf; nfhs;ifia Vwf;Fiwa Mjhpj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ,NaRit XH jPHf;fjhprpahfNth my;yJ ekf;F Kd;khjphpahf tpsq;ff;$ba ey;ynjhU tho;Tk; Njtgf;jp nfhz;l khHf;f rk;ge;jkhd kdpjdhff; fhz;fpwhHfs;. mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,NaR fpwp];J ew;gz;GfisAila xU kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhNunahopa nja;tPf jd;ik cilatuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ve;jtpj re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;ijf; Fwpj;j Kuz;ghlhdJ Vhpa]; (Arius) vd;gthpd; nfhs;iff;$lhf cr;rf;fl;lj;ij vl;baJ. ,tH vfpg;jpy; cs;s mnyf;];rhe;jphpahtpy; ,Ue;J te;j FUthdtH (fp.K.336y;). Mifahy; jhd; ehk; Vhpa]; Kuz;ghl;ilf; (Arian controversy) Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpd;Nwhk;. Vhpa]; (Arius) Vhpa]; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ghpG+uz nja;tPfj;jd;ikia kWjypj;jhH. tpNr\khf ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; epj;jpa epiyia (tpNrlkhf khdpldhFk; Kd;G ,Ue;j epiyia) xJf;fpj; js;spdhH. mtH ,NaR fpwp];Jit Kjyhtjhf rpU\;bf;fg;gl;l xUtH vdTk;> nja;tPfj; jd;ikiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; fpwp];J gpjhtpw;F xg;ghdtNu (similar = homoiousios) xopa rkkhdtH (equal=homoousios) my;y vdf;$wpdhH.17 mtiug;

17

We speak of the fatal Iota: “homoïousios” (= similar in essence) and not “homoousios” (= identical in essence). Compare in regard to this J.-M. Nicole: Précis d’Histoire de l’Eglise, 5ème édition (Nogent-sur-Marne, France: Edition


nghWj;jtiuapy; “Njtd; cz;lhf;fpa vy;yh rpU\;bapYk; mjprpwe;jJ fpwp];J” vdf; fUjpdhH. Vhpa]; vd;gtH Njtd; gpjhthdtuhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. mtUila fUj;Jg;gb fpwp];Jtpd; rpU\;bg;gpw;$lhfj;jhd; Njtd; gpjhthdhH. NtW thHj;ijapy; nrhd;dhy;> gpjhthdtUf;F ,izahf my;yJ rkkhd jd;ikAilatuhf fpwp];J ,Uf;ftpy;iy! fp.gp. 325y; nfd;];ld;Bd; (Constantine) murd; ierpa rk;Nksdj;ij (council of Nicaea) mtH thOk; efhpy; $l;bdhH. ,J fpwp];Jitf; Fwpj;J vd;d epidf;fpd;wPHfs;? mtH ahUila Fkhud;? vDk; Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; $l;lkha; mike;jJ. mj;jNdrpa]; (fp.gp. 373) mnyf;];rhe;jphpahtpy; XH cjtpj;jpUg;gzpahsuhf ,Ue;j (gpd;G mtH gp\g;ghf te;jhH) me;jNdrpa]; jhd; Vhpair vjpHj;J ,NaR fpwp];J gpjhtpw;F rkkhdtH (,izahdtH) vd cWjpaha; thjpl;lhH. FkhuDk; gpjhitg; NghyNt epj;jpa jd;ikAilatH vd thjpl;lhH. ,f; Fwpg;gpl;l ierpa rk;Nksdj;jpy; Vhparpd; thjk; mbNahL epuhfhpf;fg;gl;L ierpahtpd; milahsk; (symbol of Nicaea) (ierpa nfhs;is [Nicaenum]) vd nrhy;yg;gLk; nfhs;if Vfkdjha; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Fkhudpd; epj;jpa nja;tPf nfhs;ifAk;> mtH cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Ng ,Ue;jtH vd;gJk; ,t;thW cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. “fpwp];J n[dpg;gpf;fg;gl;ltH> cz;lhf;fg;gl;ltH my;y@ gpjhtpw;F rhp rkdhd jd;ikia (homoousios) cilatH.” ,e;j jPu;khdk; mjpf ehl;fs; ePbf;ftpy;iy. Vhpa]; ierpa rk;Nksj;jpd; Kbit Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. “vd;id ahh; vd;W nrhy;fpwPh;fs;” vd;w Nfs;tpiaf;Fwpj;j tpthjk; vOk;g mjpf Neuk; gpbf;ftpy;iy. xU vjpHg;ghd gjpy; rphpahtpy; cs;s yNthjpf;Nfahtpy; tho;e;j mg;gy;Nyhndhp]; (Apollinaris) (Vwj;jhs fp.gp 390) vd;gthpdhy; itf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;gy;Nyhndhp];; Kuz;ghL (apollinarian controversy) vd miof;fg;gLtjdhy; mJ mtiuNa rhUk;. Muk;gj;jpy; mg;gy;Nyhndhp]; mj;jNdrpa]pd; kpj;jpudhf (ez;gdhf) ,Ue;jhH. ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj;jd;ikia mjpfkha; typAWj;j Ngha; fpwp];Jtpd; KO khdplj; jd;ikiaAk; mtH epuhfhpj;Jtpl;lhH. ,NaR fpwp];JthdtUf;F xU khdpl rhPuKk;> khdpl Mj;JkhTk; ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;> Mdhy; nja;tPf thHj;ijahdJ (NyhNfh];) vy;NyhUf;Fk; ,Uf;fpd;w khdpl Mtpia my;yJ czHit vLj;jJ vd;Wk; cWjpahf $wpdhH. mg;gy;Nyhndhp]; gy rk;Nksdq;fshy;> tpNrlkhf fp.gp. 381y; nfd;];ld;bd;Nehgpy; (Constantinople) rk;Nksdj;jpdhy; td;ikahf fbe;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhH. ierPa rk;Nksdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl;l KbTfs; kWgbAk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;L ierPdpa – nfhd;];ld;bNdhnghypl;ld; (Nicaeno-Constantinopolitan) tpRthr gpukhzk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; xU gFjp ,Njh :

fz;Zf;F Gyg;gLfpd;witfisAk;> Gyg;glhjitfisAk; thdj;ijAk; G+kpiaAk; cz;lhf;fpd rpU\;bf; fHj;jhthfpa rHtty;yikAs;s gpjhthfpa xNu Njtid tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwd;. vy;yh Afq;fSf;F Kd;ghfTk; gpjhtpdhy; n[dpg;gpf;fg;gl;l xNu Ngwhd NjtFkhudhfpa ,NaR fpwp];J vDk; fHj;jiu tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwd;. mtH N[hjpapy; N[hjpahdtH> nka;nja;tPfj;jpy; nja;tkhdtH> mtH n[dpg;gpf;fg;gl;ltH> khwhf cz;zlhf;fg;gl;ltH my;y. gpjhtpw;F rkkhdtH. mtUf;$lhf rfyKk; cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. khdpluhfpa ekf;fhfTk;> ek;Kila ghtq;fSf;fhfTk; khdpldha; te;jtH. ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf fd;dpifapd; tapw;wpy; gpwe;jtH. kdpjdhf te;jtH. nghe;jpA gpyhj;Jtpd; fhyj;jpy; khpj;J mlf;fk; gz;zg;gl;L %d;whk; ehspy;

de l’Institut Biblique de Nogent, 1990), pp. 46-49 or Williston Walker, A History of the Christian Church, 4th edition (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986), pp. 131ff or Adolf Martin Ritter Kirchen- und Theoligiegeschichte in Quellen, Band I: Alte Kirche, 6th revised edition (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag 1994), pp. 235ff.


kWgbAk; caph;j;njOe;J Ntjthf;fpaj;jpd;gb guj;jpw;F nrd;W gpjhtpd; tyJ ghhprj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtH khpj;NjhiuAk; capNuhLs;NshiuAk; epahae;jPHf;Fk;gb kWgbAk; tUthH. mtUila ,uh[;aj;jpw;F KbtpuhJ. ekf;F [Ptidf; nfhLf;fpd;w ghpRj;j Mtpahdtiu tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwhk;. mtH gpjhtplj;jpypUe;Jk; Fkhudplj;jpypUe;Jk; Gwg;gLgtH. gpjhTlDk; FkhuDlDk; Nrh;j;J Muhjpf;fg;gLgtH> kfpikg;gLj;jg;gLgtH> jPHf;fjhprpfSf;$lhf NgrpatH…

mjw;F gpd;G cldbahf Gjpa tpthjk; Muk;gkhfpaJ. mJ ne];Nlhhpad; Kuz;ghL (the Nestorian controversy) vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. ne];Nlhhpa]; (fp.gp. 451) nfhd;];ld;bd; Nehgpspy; gp\g;ghf ,Ue;jhH. mtH ,NaR fpwp];J nka;ahd NjtDk; nka;ahd kdpjDk; vd $wpdhH. Mdhy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,t;tpuz;L Rghtq;fSk; gf;fk; gf;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;Wk; ,uz;Lk; NrHe;J XH nka;ahd XH xUikg;ghl;il cUthf;fhky;> ,uz;Lk; ntt;NtW Ms;jd;ikAilajhf ,Ue;jJ vd;w fUj;ij nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,tH vNgrpa rk;Nksdj;jpdhy; (council of Ephesus fp.gp.451y;) Kw;whf epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lhH. mtiug; gpd;gw;wpatHfs; ,uh[;aj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpul;lg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; gpujhdkhf ngh;rpahTf;F jg;gpNahb Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; rPdhtpw;Fk; $l nrd;whHfs;. mq;Nf mtHfs; J}Jg;gzp ahj;jpiuia Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. mjd; gpw;ghL A+l;bf;fpad; Kuz;ghL (Eutychian Controversy) vOe;jJ. A+l;bf;f]; nfd;];ld;bNdhgpypy; cs;s xU gpjhthf (jiyikf; FUthf) ,Ue;jhH. ,tH ne];Nlhhpad; nfhs;ifia vjph;f;fg;Ngha; fpwp];Jtpy; cs;s ,U Rghtq;fSk; xd;Wf;Fs; xd;W fye;Jtpl;ld (ne];Nlhhpa]; $wpaJ Nghd;W xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gphpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd fUjpdhH). mtUf;Fs; ,Ue;j kdpj gz;ghdJ nja;tPf gz;gpw;Fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;lJ. fpwp];Jtpd; khdplj; jd;ikahdJ ekf;Fs;s (kdpj Fyj;ijg; Nghd;W) Rghtj;ijg; Nghd;W mNj jd;ikAilaJ vd;w rpe;jidia epuhfhpj;jhH. 18 1k; Nghg; ypNahdpd; (Pope Leon) ce;JjYf;$lhf (fp.gp.451y;) A+l;bf;fpadprk; (Eutychianism) fy;rpld; rk;Nksdj;jhy; (council of Chalcedon) mbNahL fz;ldk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,r;rq;fkhdJ ne];Nlhhpadprj;ijAk;> A+l;bf;Nfrdprj;ijAk; fz;ldk; nra;j mNjNtis ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; cs;s ,e;j ,U Rghtq;fshtd> xNu Neuj;jpy; KO NjtdhfTk; KO kdpjdhfTk; ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;> xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;fg;gl Kbahjit vd;Wk; (A+l;bf;fRw;F vjpuhf) mNjNtis gphpf;fg;gl Kbahjit vd;Wk; (ne];Nlhhparpw;F vjpuhf) fyg;gpy;yhky;> khw;wkpy;yhky;> gphptpidapy;yhky; gpupT ,y;yhky; nraw;gLfpd;wd vd;Wk; cWjpg;gLj;jpdhHfs;.19 nrhd;dhw;Nghy> Vhpa]; Kuz;ghL ,d;iwf;Fk; Ngrg;gLk; xU fhhpakhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. nja;tPf jphpj;Jtj;jpd; Nghjidf;F vjpuhf Fuy; nfhLf;Fk; ,iwapayhsHfs; ,d;Wk; ,Ue;J nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfs; jphpj;Jt vjph;g;Gf; nfhs;ifahsHfs; (Antitrinitarians) vd;Wk; my;yJ xUikj;Jt nfhs;ifahsHfs; (Unitarians) vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ehd; ,d;Dk; ,U cjhuzq;fisr; nrhy;yp vd;id kl;Lg;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. 1) Nrhrpdpad; ,af;fk; (The Socinian movement) ,J ,j;jhypa ngauhd ypNah Nrhrpdp (Nrhrpd];) [Lelio Sozzini (→ Socinus)] f;F chpaJ. tpNrlkhf mtH rNfhjudpd; kfdhfpa ngh];ilNdh Nrhrpdpapd; (Faustino Sozzini) ngaiuf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; (Ntjhfkk; NjtDila XH mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l xU ntspg;ghlha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ!) Ntjhfkk; kdpjDila jHf;f hPjpahd rpe;jidfis Kuz;gLj;Jk; vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ. mjd; tpisthf mtHfs; jphpj;Jtj;ijAk;> tpRthrj;jpdhy; ,ul;rpg;G vDk; NghjidiaAk; epuhfhpf;fpd;whHfs;. 2) nanfhthtpd; rhl;rpfs; (Jehovah’s Witnesses) (fhtw;NfhGu r%fk;: ,J rhs;]; ury; l]; vd;gthpdhy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ- (Watchtower Society, Brooklyn, New York, founded by Charles Taze Russel [1852-1916]). ,J Vhpadprj;jpd; NthpypUe;J tUfpwJ. Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb> mtHfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; epj;jpa

18

Compare with Williston Walker, op. cit., p. 170ff. 19

Compare with J.-M. Nicole, op. cit., p. 53.


nja;tPf jd;ikia kWjypj;J mtH NjtDila gilg;gpy; KjyhtJ vdTk; ek;Gfpd;whHfs;. kpFe;j kdNtjidAld; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Ntz;ba tplak; vd;dntd;why;> murpd; mDruidapy; cs;s rigfspd; (state churches) ,d;iwa ,iwapayhsHfs; ,e;j Kf;fpakhd rk;Nksdq;fspd; cgNjrj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. cz;ikapy;> ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khdplj; jd;ik mjpfk; Nfs;tpf;Fl; gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. Mdhy; tpN\rkhf mtUila epj;jpa nja;tPfj; jd;ik mbf;fb Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. “etPd” jhuhsthj nfhs;ifapd; (“modern” liberal Theology) gpujpepjpfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj; jd;ikia kWjypf;fpd;whHfs;. ,J me;jpf;fpwp];Jtpd; Mtpapd; tpisT vd 1Nahth 4:3 nrhy;fpwJ. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Rghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J ghpRj;j NtjhfkNk vd;d nrhy;fpwJ vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

2. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPf Rghtk;

xj;jik ew;nra;;jp (synoptic gospels) E}y;fs; (kj;NjA> khw;F> Y}f;fh) tpNrlkhf ,NaR fpwp];Jit kdpj FkhudhfNt ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. mNjNtis Nahthd; RtpN\rk; ,NaRit NjtFkhud; vd;Nw Kd;itf;fpd;wJ!

“,tH NjtFkhudh> ,y;iyah?” vd;wnjhU Fwpg;ghd Nfs;tpia A+jHfs; vg;nghOJNk vOg;gpdhHfs; vd;W RtpN\rq;fs; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd. (xg;. kj;.12:38@ Nahth 2:18@ 3:2). gpujhd Mrhhpadhfpa fha;ghtpw;Fk;> nrdfhpg; rq;fj;jpw;Fk; Kd;ghf ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH nfhz;L Nghfg;gl;l nghOJ ,tH NjtFkhudh? vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fhpa gjpiy typAWj;jpdhHfs; (kj; 26:63-64@ khw; 14:61-62@ Y}f; 22:70-71). A+j fdthd;fs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;F vjpuhf nfhz;L te;j xNunahU Fw;wr;rhl;lhdJ> mtH jd;id NjtFkhud; vd mioj;jhu; vd;gjhFk;. rhj;jhd; tdhe;jpuj;jpy; ,NaRit Nrhjpj;j Ntisapy; mtH cz;ikapNyNa NjtFkhudh vd;gij fhz;gpf;Fk; gbahf rthy; tpl;lhd; vd;gJ njspthf njhpfpwJ. nrhd;dhw; Nghy> mth; jd;Dila nja;tPf jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhd mwptpj;jyhf jk;Kila capHj;njOjiyf; Fwpj;J mwptpj;jjha; ,Uf;fyhk; (kj; 12:40@ Nahth 2:19). Nuhk 3:4-5 tiuahd trdq;fspy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj; jd;ikf;F mtUila capHj;njOjy; jhd; ep&gdk; vd njspthf $WfpwhH.

tpsf;f Fwpg;G : ,q;Nf ehd; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y tpUk;gtJ vd;dntdpy;> rpYitapy; NjtDila (NjtFkhuDila) kuzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijj;jhd;. Vnddpy; mJ ,y;yhky; kdpjDila kPl;G ,y;iy. kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNdh my;yJ kw;wtHfisNah kPl;Lf;nfhs;s KbahJ (xg;. rq; 49:4-10@ kj; 16:26@ khw; 2:7@ nfhNyh 1:13-14). xU ghpG+uz kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNd ,ul;rpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. Mdhy; ahUk; ghpG+uzkpy;iyNa? kdpj tPo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J ahtUk; ghtpahfNt gpwf;fpd;Nwhk;. nfhy;nfhjhit nghWj;jtiuapy;> NtjhfkkhdJ ,NaRtpd; khdplj; jd;ikf;Fk;> nja;tPfj; jd;ikf;Fk; tpj;jpahrj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy (cjhuzkhf mg; 20:28). Njtd; khpf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; mtH epj;jpakhdtUk; rHtty;yik cs;stUkha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. ,f;fhuzj;jpdhNyNa Njtd; kdpjdhf te;J ghtkdpju;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf kupf;fNtz;bajhapw;W.

a) mtH Njtndd njspthf miof;fg;gLfpd;whH

Nuhk 9:5 gpjhf;fs; mth;fSilath;fNs@ khk;rj;jpd;gb fpwp];JTk; mth;fspy; gpwe;jhNu> ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; ];Njhj;jphpf;fg;gl;l rh;tj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd Njtd;. Mnkd;.

jPj;J 2:13 ehk; ek;gpapUf;fpw Mde;j ghf;fpaj;Jf;Fk;> kfh NjtDk; ekJ

,ul;rfUkhfpa ,NaRfpwp];JtpDila kfpikapd; gpurd;dkhFjYf;Fk; vjph;ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;gb……


vgp 1:8 Fkhuid Nehf;fp;: “NjtNd> ck;Kila rpq;fhrdk; vd;nwd;iwf;FKs;sJ> ck;Kila uh[;aj;jpd; nrq;Nfhy; ePjpAs;s nrq;NfhyhapUf;fpwJ…”

mtUila ehkq;fSk; $l mtUila nja;tPfj;Jtj;jpw;F rhl;rpapLfpd;wd:

Y}f; 2:11 ,d;W fh;j;juhfpa fpwp];J vd;Dk; ,ul;rfh; cq;fSf;Fj; jhtPjpd; ChpNy gpwe;jpUf;fpwhh;.

Y}f; 22:70 mjw;F mth;fnsy;yhUk;: “mg;gbahdhy;> eP NjtDila Fkhudh?” vd;W Nfl;lhh;fs;. mjw;F mth;: “ePq;fs; nrhy;YfpwgbNa ehd; mth;jhd;” vd;whh;.


mg; 3:14 ghpRj;jKk; ePjpAKs;stiu ePq;fs; kWjypj;J> nfhiyghjfid cq;fSf;fhf tpLjiygz;zNtz;Lnkd;W Nfl;L>.. (ntsp 3:7).

b) gioa Vw;ghl;L tpguzq;fs; mtUf;F chpj;jhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd xg;gpLf. kj; 3:3 cld; Vrh 40:3 Nahth 12:40-41 cld; Vrh 6:10-11

c) mtH nja;tPf jd;ikfis cilatuha; ,Uf;fpd;whH

Nahth 1:4 mtUf;Fs; [Ptd; ,Ue;jJ> me;j [Ptd; kD\Uf;F xspahapUe;jJ (Nahth 14:6)

vgp 13:8 ,NaRfpwp];J New;Wk; ,d;Wk; vd;Wk; khwhjtuhapUf;fpwhh;.

Nahth 14:6 mjw;F ,NaR: ehNd topAk; rj;jpaKk; [PtDkhapUf;fpNwd;@ vd;dhNyay;yhky; xUtDk; gpjhtpdplj;jpy; tuhd;.

1 Nahth 3:16 mth; jk;Kila [Ptid ekf;fhff; nfhLj;jjpdhNy md;G ,d;dnjd;W mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;@ ehKk; rNfhjuUf;fhf [Ptidf;nfhLf;ff; fldhspfshapUf;fpNwhk; (Nahth 3:16@ 1Nahth 4:9).

vgp 7:26 ghpRj;jUk;> Fw;wkw;wtUk;> khrpy;yhjtUk;> ghtpfSf;F tpyfpdtUk;> thdq;fspYk; cah;e;jtUkhapUf;fpw ,t;tpjkhd gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;F Vw;wtuhapUf;fpwhh; (Y}f; 1:35@ 2nfhhp 5:21).

Nahth 1:1 MjpapNy thh;j;ij ,Ue;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij Njtdplj;jpypUe;jJ> me;j thh;j;ij NjtdhapUe;jJ (fpwp];J epj;jpakhdth;: Nahth 8:58@ 17:5.24)

kj; 28:20 ehd; cq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lahitAk; mth;fs; iff;nfhs;Sk;gb mth;fSf;F cgNjrk;gz;Zq;fs;. ,Njh> cyfj;jpd; KbTghpae;jk; rfy ehl;fspYk; ehd; cq;fSlNd$l ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;whh; (fpwp];J ru;ttpahgp)


kj; 9:4 ,NaR mth;fs; epidTfis mwpe;J: ePq;fs; cq;fs; ,Ujaq;fspy; nghy;yhjitfisr; rpe;jpf;fpwnjd;d? (fpwp];J vy;yhk; mwpe;jth;: Nahth 2:24-25@ nfhNyh 2:3@ntsp 5:6: Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdthpd; 7 fz;fs; mtUila rh;t Qhdj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ).

kj; 28:18 mg;nghOJ ,NaR rkPgj;jpy; te;J> mth;fis Nehf;fp: thdj;jpYk; g+kpapYk; rfy mjpfhuKk; vdf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ (fpwp];J rh;t ty;yikAs;sth;: ntsp 5:6 y; cs;s Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdthpd; 7 nfhk;Gfs; mtuJ ty;yikiaf;Fwpf;fpwJ.

d) NjtDila fphpiafs; mtUf;F chpj;jhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nahth 1:3 rfyKk; mth; %ykha; cz;lhapw;W@ cz;lhdnjhd;Wk; mtuhNyay;yhky; cz;lhftpy;iy. (fpwp];J rpU\;bfh;:nfhNyh 1:16@ vgp 1:2)


(fpwp];J vy;yhtw;iwAk; jhq;Ffpwth;: vgp 1:3)

Nahth 5:22.27-29 gpjhthdth; jhNk xUtUf;Fk; epahaj;jPh;g;Gr; nra;ahky;> epahaj;jPh;g;Gr; nra;Ak; mjpfhuk; KOtijAk; FkhuDf;F xg;Gf;nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;. (fpwp];J cyfj;jpd; epahahjpgjp: mg; 17:31@ 2jPNkh 4:1)

e) mtH Muhjidia Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whH. xU kdpjid Muhjpg;gNjh topgLtNjh ghtk;. NjtJ}jHfs; $l jhk; kdpjHfshy; topglg;gLtij epuhfhpf;fpd;whHfs; (ntsp 19:10@ 22:9). rhj;jhDk; mtdJ J}jHfSk; jhk; kdpjHfspd; Muhjidia Ntz;b tpOe;J NghdhHfs;. ,NaR fpwp];J Muhjidia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ mtuJ nja;tPf jd;ikia Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwjha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

mtH jd;Dila jho;ikapd; (Ra jho;r;rp) fhyj;jpd; NghJ $l mf;fhy kD\Hfshy; Muhjpf;fg;gl;lhH:

kj; 14:33 mg;nghOJ> gltpy; cs;sth;fs; te;J: nka;ahfNt ePh; NjtDila Fkhud; vd;W nrhy;yp> mtiug; gzpe;Jnfhz;lhh;fs;.

mtH J}jHfshy; Muhjpf;fg;gl;lhH: vgp 1:6 NkYk;> jkJ Kjw;Ngwhdtiu cyfj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;fr;nra;jNghJ:

NjtJ}jh;fs; ahtUk; mtiuj; njhOJ nfhs;sf;flth;fs; vd;whh;.

,d;iwa kf;fshYk; mtH Muhjpf;fg;gLfpwhH:

Nahth 5:23 “Fkhuidf; fdk;gz;zhjtd; mtiu mDg;gpd gpjhitAk; fdk; gz;zhjtdhapUf;fpwhd;.”

xU ehspy; vy;NyhUk; mtiu Muhjpg;ghHfs;:

gpyp 2:10 …,NaRtpd; ehkj;jpy; thNdhh; G+jyj;Njhh; g+kpapd; fPohNdhUila Koq;fhy; ahTk; Klq;Fk;gbf;Fk;…(ntsp 5:13)

Njtd; khj;jpuNk Muhjidf;FhpatH! ,jid ,NaR rhj;jhDf;F njspthf $wpdhH (xg;. kj; 4:9-10@ xg;. ntsp 19:10@ 22:9).


f) mtH jhNk jd;id Njtdhf chpikg;ghuhl;bdhH

Nahth 5:18 mth; Xa;Tehs; fl;lisia kPwpdJky;yhky;> Njtidj; jk;Kila nrhe;jg; gpjh vd;WQ;nrhy;ypj; jk;ikj; NjtDf;Fr; rkkhf;fpdgbapdhNy> a+jh;fs; mtiuf; nfhiynra;Ak;gb mjpfkha; tifNjbdhh;fs;.

Nahth 10:30 ehDk; gpjhTk; xd;whapUf;fpNwhk; vd;whh;.

Nahth 14:9 mjw;F ,NaR: gpypg;GNt> ,t;tsTfhyk; ehd; cq;fSlNd$l ,Ue;Jk; eP vd;id mwpatpy;iyah? vd;idf; fz;ltd; gpjhitf; fz;lhd;@ mg;gbapUf;f> gpjhit vq;fSf;Ff; fhz;gpAk; vd;W eP vg;gbr; nrhy;Yfpwha;?

Nahth 17:11 ehd; ,dp cyfj;jpypNud;> ,th;fs; cyfj;jpypUf;fpwhh;fs;@ ehd; ck;kplj;jpw;F tUfpNwd;. ghpRj;j gpjhNt> ePh; vdf;Fj; je;jth;fs; ek;ikg;Nghy xd;whapUf;Fk;gbf;F> ePh; mth;fis ck;Kila ehkj;jpdhNy fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.

,NaR %d;W tpjq;fspy; jd;id NjtDf;F rkkhdtH vd chpik ghuhl;bdhH.

1. ,lj;ijf; Fwpj;j rkj;Jtk; Nahth 17:5>11 2. Rghtj;jpy; rkj;Jtk; Nahth 5:18> 10:30 3. epj;jpa epiyapy; rkj;Jtk; Nahth 5:8

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; nja;tPfj; jd;ik Fwpj;j NjtthHj;ijapd; rhl;rpia ed;F Muha;e;j gpwF mJ khdplj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpj;J vd;d NgRfpwJ vd epr;rakha; Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khdplj;jd;ik.

vgp 2:17 md;wpAk;> mth; [dj;jpd; ghtq;fis eptph;j;jp nra;tjw;NfJthf> Njtfhhpaq;fisf;Fwpj;J ,uf;fKk; cz;ikAKs;s gpujhd MrhhpauhapUf;Fk; gbf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; jk;Kila rNfhjuUf;F xg;ghfNtz;bajhapUe;jJ.

a) mtH XH kdpjdhf gpwe;jhH

fyh 4:4 fhyk; epiwNtwpdNghJ> ];jphPapdplj;jpw; gpwe;jtUk; epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Ff; fPohdtUkhfpa jk;Kila Fkhuidj; Njtd; mDg;gpdhh;.

Nuhk 1:5 …khk;rj;jpd;gb jhtPjpd; re;jjpapy; gpwe;jtUk;>..

Y}f; 3 :38 VNdh]; Nrj;jpd; Fkhud;@ Nrj; Mjhkpd; Fkhud;@ Mjhk; Njtdhy; cz;lhdtd; (Y}f; 3:23).

mtUila fd;dpg;gpwg;ig NtjhfkKk; cWjp nra;fpwJ ( fd;dpg; gpwg;G):

Vrh 7:14 Mjyhy; Mz;lth; jhNk cq;fSf;F xU milahsj;ijf; nfhLg;ghh;@ ,Njh> xU fd;dpif fh;g;gtjpahfp xU Fkhuidg; ngWths;> mtUf;F ,;k;khDNty; vd;W NghpLths;.(kj; 1:23)

Y}f; 1:30-38 Mjyhy; Mz;lth; jhNk cq;fSf;F xU milahsj;ijf; nfhLg;ghh;@ ,Njh> xU fd;dpif fh;g;gtjpahfp xU Fkhuidg; ngWths;> mtUf;F ,;k;khDNty; vd;W NghpLths;… mjw;F khpahs; NjtJ}jid Nehf;fp: ,J vg;gbahFk;? GU\id mwpNaNd vd;whs;. (Y}f; 3:23)


kj; 1:18 ,NaRfpwp];JtpDila n[ddj;jpd; tptukhtJ: mtUila jhahfpa khpahs; NahNrg;Gf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy;> mth;fs; $btUKd;Nd> mts; ghpRj;j MtpapdhNy fh;g;gtjpahdhs; vd;W fhzg;gl;lJ.

b) kw;w vy;Nyhiug; NghyNt mtUf;F gps;isg;gUtk; ,Ue;jJ Y}f; 2:40 gps;is tsh;e;J> MtpapNy ngyd;nfhz;L> Qhdj;jpdhy; epiwe;jJ.

NjtDila fpUigAk; mth;Nky; ,Ue;jJ.

Y}f; 2:52 ,NaRthdth; Qhdj;jpYk;> tsh;j;jpapYk;> NjtfpUigapYk;> kD\h; jatpYk; mjpfkjpfkha; tpUj;jpaile;jhh;.

vgp 5:8 mth; FkhudhapUe;Jk; gl;lghLfspdhNy fPo;g;gbjiyf; fw;Wf;nfhz;L... mtH NjtFkhudhf “ehNd!” (,Uf;fpwtuha; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;) vd nrhy;yf;$bajha; ,Ue;jJ. mNjNtis kD\Fkhudhf mtH rhjhuz tsHr;rp gbfSf;$lhf fle;J nrd;whH.

c) mtH xU KOikahd> rhjhuzkhd kdpj Rghtj;ij cilatuha; ,Ue;jhH

kdpjd; Mtp> Mj;Jkh> rhPuk; vDk; %d;W gFjpfis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd; (xg;. 1njr 5:23). Mtp : khw; 2:8 …clNd jk;Kila Mtpapy; mwpe;J>.. Y}f; 23:46 …gpjhNt> ck;Kila iffspy; vd; Mtpia xg;Gtpf;fpNwd;.. Nahth 13:21 …,NaR ,itfisr; nrhd;dgpd;G> MtpapNy fyq;fp…

Mj;Jkh : kj; 26:38 …vd; Mj;Jkh kuzj;Jf;NfJthd Jf;fq;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ@... Nahth 12:27 …,g;nghOJ vd; Mj;Jkh fyq;FfpwJ>..

rhPuk; : vgp 10:5 …xU rhPuj;ij vdf;F Maj;jk;gz;zpdPh;@...

vgp 10:10 ...,NaRfpwp];JtpDila rhPuk; xNujuk; gypaplg;gl;ljpdhNy…>

Nahth 2:21 …mtNuh jk;Kila rhPukhfpa Myaj;ijf;Fwpj;Jg; Ngrpdhh;.

vgp 2:14 Mjyhy;> gps;isfs; khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilath;fshapUf;f> mtUk; mth;fisg;Nghy khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilatuhdhh;@

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jd;Dila caph;j;njOjYf;F gpd;G $l jd;Dila khdplj; jd;ikia jf;f itj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhH (xg;. Y}f; 24:39) mJ $l nfNdhbrj;jpw;F (Kenotism) vjpuhd XH tpthjkhf fhzg;gLk; (NkNy ghHf;fTk;)

d) mtH kdpj NjitfisAk; gytPdq;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

Nahth 4:6 mtH fisg;gile;jhH.

kj; 4:2 mtH grpahapUe;jhH.

Nahth 19:28 mtH jhfkha; ,Ue;jhH.

kj; 8:24 mtH cwq;fpdhH.

Nahth 11:35 mtH fz;zPH tpl;lhH.

vgp 4:15 mtH Nrhjpf;fg;gl;lhH. (Mdhy; ek;ikg; Nghy; mth; ghtk; nra;atpy;iy.)


n[gkhdJ kdpjdpd; Kf;fpa Njitahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J ,d;ndhUthpy; NjitfSf;fhf rhHe;jpUg;gij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ:

vgp 5:7 mth; khk;rj;jpypUe;j ehl;fspy;> jk;ik kuzj;jpdpd;W ,ul;rpf;f ty;yikAs;stiu Nehf;fp> gyj;j rj;jj;NjhLk; fz;zPNuhLk; tpz;zg;gk;gz;zp> Ntz;Ljy;nra;J> jkf;F cz;lhd gagf;jpapdpkpj;jk; Nfl;fg;gl;L>

Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; ,NaR fpwp];J n[gk; nra;jij Fwpj;J 20w;F mjpfkhd gFjpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

e) mtH ghLgl;L khpj;jhh;.

Y}f; 22:44 mth; kpfTk; tpahFyg;gl;L> mjpf Cf;fj;NjhNl n[gk;gz;zpdhh; mtUila Nth;it ,uj;jj;jpd; ngUe;Jspfsha;j; jiuapNy tpOe;jJ.

vgp 5:8 mth; FkhudhapUe;Jk; gl;lghLfspdhNy fPo;g;gbjiyf; fw;Wf;nfhz;L… Nahth 19:30 ,NaR fhbia thq;fpdgpd;G> “Kbe;jJ” vd;W nrhy;yp> jiyiar;

rha;j;J> Mtpia xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhh;. jk;Kila [Ptid jhNk nfhLg;gjpypUe;J mJ mtUila nrhe;j RahjPd rpj;jj;jpd; eltbf;if vd tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk; (Nahth 10:18).

f) mtH jd;id XH kdpjd; vd tHzpj;jhH. mj;Jld; kw;wtHfshYk; kdpjd; vd

miof;fg;gl;lhH. Nahth 8:40 rj;jpaj;ij cq;fSf;Fr; nrhd;d kD\dhfpa vd;idf; nfhy;yj;

NjLfpwPh;fs;…

mg; 2:22 …ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUf;fpwgb erNuadhfpa ,NaRitf;nfhz;L Njtd; cq;fSf;Fs;Ns gyj;j nra;iffisAk;> mw;Gjq;fisAk;> milahsq;fisAk; elg;gpj;J>…

khw; 10:45 mg;gbNa> kD\FkhuDk; Copaq;nfhs;Sk;gb tuhky;> CopaQ;nra;aTk;> mNefiu kPl;Fk;nghUshfj; jk;Kila [Ptidf; nfhLf;fTk; te;jhh; vd;whh;.

1nfhhp 15:21 kD\dhy; kuzk; cz;lhdgbahy;> kD\dhy; khpj;Njhhpd; caph;j;njOjYk; cz;lhapw;W.

1jPNkh 2:5 Njtd; xUtNu> NjtDf;Fk; kD\Uf;Fk; kj;jpa];jUk; xUtNu…kD\dhfpa fpwp];J ,NaR mtNu@

kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtH ghtkpy;yhj ghpG+uz kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhH:

2 nfhhp 5:21 ehk; mtUf;Fs; NjtDila ePjpahFk;gbf;F> ghtk; mwpahj mtiu ekf;fhfg; ghtkhf;fpdhh;.

vgp 4:15 ek;Kila gytPdq;fisf;Fwpj;Jg; ghpjgpf;ff;$lhj gpujhd Mrhhpah; ekf;fpuhky;> vy;yhtpjj;jpYk; ek;ikg;Nghy; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;Lk;> ghtkpy;yh jtuhapUf;fpw gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;fpUf;fpwhh;.


Nahth 14:30 ,dp ehd; cq;fSlNd mjpfkha;g; NgRtjpy;iy. ,e;j cyfj;jpd; mjpgjp tUfpwhd;> mtDf;F vd;dplj;jpy; xd;Wkpy;iy.

,NaR fpwp];J ghtkpy;yhjtuhf ,Ue;jhH vd;gij Ntjhfkk; cWjp nra;fpwJ: Nahth 8:46 vd;dplj;jpy; ghtk; cz;nld;W cq;fspy; ahh; vd;idf;

Fw;wg;gLj;jf;$Lk;? Nahth 18:38 mjw;Fg; gpyhj;J: rj;jpakhtJ vd;d vd;whd;. kWgbAk; mtd;

a+jh;fsplj;jpy; ntspNa te;J: ehd; mtdplj;jpy; xU Fw;wKk; fhNzd;. Nahth 19:4.6)

4. ,NaR fpwp];J vDk; eghpd; xUikg;ghL.

mtH xUtH jhd; Njtd; Nghd;W ,NaR Njtdha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. mNjNtis mtH xUtH jhd; kdpjd; Nghd;W kdpjdhf ,Uf;fpd;whH. ,uz;L Rghtq;fspd; jd;ikAk; xd;whf;fg;gl;l nghOJ (mjhtJ khdpl gpwg;gpd; nghOJ) khw;wkilahky; ,Ue;jd (khwhjgb> mjhtJ ve;j fyg;GKk;> cUkhw;wKk; ,y;yhky;). ,U RghtKk; xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;ftpy;iy. mtUila khk;rkhFjypypUe;J mtH nja;tPf Rghtj;ijAk; khdpl Rghtj;ijAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; nfhz;bUe;jhH (mtH nja;t- kdpjd;@ Mdhy;> “Njtdhfpa kdpjd; my;y” [“theandric”]). ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Ms;jj;JtkhdJ gphpf;f Kbahjjha; cs;sJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ,NaR fpwp];Jit “Njt-kdpjd;” (Njtd; - kdpjd;) vd miof;fpNwhk;. Vnddpy; xNu Ntisapy; mtH ,uz;Lkhf ,Uf;fpd;whH. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; egHj;Jtj;jpw;F rhl;rp gfUk; Ntjhfk gFjpfs; ,Njh.

a) Ntjhfkk; vg;nghOJk; mtiuf; Fwpj;J xUikapNyNa NgRfpwJ Nahth 17:23 …xUikg;ghl;by; mth;fs; Njwpdth;fshapUf;Fk;gbf;Fk;> vd;id ePh;

mDg;gpdijAk;> ePh; vd;dpy; md;ghapUf;fpwJNghy mth;fspYk; md;ghapUf;fpwijAk; cyfk; mwpAk;gbf;Fk;> ehd; mth;fspYk; ePh; vd;dpYk; ,Uf;Fk;gb Ntz;bf;nfhs;SfpNwd;

,NaR fpwp];Jitg; gw;wp Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; nghOJ> mJ xU egiuf; Fwpj;j Nfs;tpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. NjtFkhudpd; khdplg; gpwg;gpypUe;J ,e;j ,U RghtKk; “,NaR fpwp];J” vDk; eghpy; ,Ue;jd. vg;nghOJk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; ,t;tpU Rghtq;fSk; fyf;fg;glTk; ,y;iy gphpf;fg;glTk; ,y;iy. khwhf xw;Wikahf (xd;whfNt) ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ> mNj kw;Wk; xNu eghpy; ,t;tpU Rghtq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,g;G+kpapy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Ra jho;r;rpapd; (jho;ikapd;) fhyj;jpd; NghJ mtH mjpfkhf jd;Dila rYiffisAk; jdf;F ,Ue;j juhjuq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jhky; js;sptpl;lhH vd;gijAk; ehk; xUNghJk; kwf;f KbahJ. mjhtJ mtUila Fztpay;Gfis. kw;wg;gb mtH mg;gb nra;ahtpby; ekf;fhf khpf;f KbahJ (xg;. Nahth 4:34@ kj; 26:39@ 24:36@ gpyp 2:6ff).

b) NtjhfkkhdJ ,t;tpU Rghtq;fspd; czuKbahj xw;Wikiaf; Fwpj;J NgRtjpy;iy.

Nuhk 1:5 ..khk;rj;jpd;gb jhtPjpd; re;jjpapy; gpwe;jtUk;>…

Nuhk 1:5 …ghpRj;jKs;s Mtpapd;gb NjtDila Rjndd;W khpj;NjhhpypUe;J caph;j;njOe;jjpdhNy gykha;&gpf;fg;gl;l NjtFkhuDkhapUf;fpwhh;…

Nuhk 8:3 …mnjg;gbnadpy;> khk;rj;jpdhNy gytPdkhapUe;j epahag;gpukhzk; nra;af;$lhjijj; NjtNd nra;Ak;gbf;F> jk;Kila Fkhuidg; ghtkhk;rj;jpd; rhayhfTk;> ghtj;ijg; Nghf;Fk; gypahfTk; mDg;gp> khk;rj;jpNy ghtj;ij Mf;fpidf;Fs;shfj; jPh;j;jhh;…


1 Nahth 4:2 NjtMtpia ePq;fs; vjpdhy; mwpayhnkd;why;: khk;rj;jpy; te;j ,NaRfpwp];Jit mwpf;ifgz;Zfpw ve;j MtpAk; Njtdhy; cz;lhapUf;fpwJ.

c) NtjhfkkhdJ ,NaRtpd; jifikfisAk; mthpd; jpwikfisAk; Fwpj;J ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. mthpd; ,U Rghtq;fSf;Fk; ed;wp.

kdpjdhfpa ,NaRtpd; nja;tPfj; jd;ik Njtgf;jpAs;s fhhpaq;fis mwpaTk;> mjd;gb nra;aTk; mtiuj; jFjpahf;fpaJ vd nrhy;y KbAk;.

kj; 17:2 mth;fSf;F Kd;ghf kW&gkhdhh;@ mth; Kfk; #hpaidg;Nghyg; gpufhrpj;jJ> mth; t];jpuk; ntspr;rj;ijg;Nghy ntz;ikahapw;W.

khw; 5:41 gps;isapd; ifiag; gpbj;J: “jyPj;jh$kp” vd;whh;@ mjw;F> rpWngz;Nz vOe;jpU vd;W cdf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;W mh;j;jkhk;.

mtuJ kdpj Rghtk; ghLgl;L khpf;f mtUf;F cjtp nra;jJ. mtH Njtdhf “khj;jpuk;” ,Ue;jpUg;ghNuahdhy; (Njtd;-kdpjdhf my;yhky;) mtH ekf;fhf khpj;jpUf;f KbahJ.

khw; 15:39 “mtUf;F vjpNu epd;w E}w;Wf;F mjpgjp mth; ,g;gbf; $g;gpl;L [Ptid tpl;lijf; fz;lNghJ: nka;ahfNt ,e;j kD\d; NjtDila Fkhud; vd;whd;!”

d) xU Rghtj;jpDila juq;fs; (gz;Gfs;) my;yJ kw;w Rghtj;jpd; gz;Gfs; kw;iwa ehkj;jpd; fPo; mtUf;F chpj;jhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1nfhhp 2:8 mij ,g;gpugQ;rj;Jg; gpuGf;fspy; xUtDk; mwpatpy;iy@ mwpe;jhh;fshdhy;> kfpikapd; fh;j;jiu mth;fs; rpYitapy; miwakhl;lhh;fNs.

nfhNyh 1:13-20 “mtUila md;gpd; Fkhud;” “mtUila ,uj;jk; rpYitapy;

rpe;jg;gl;lJ”

Nahth 3:13 guNyhfj;jpypUe;jpwq;fpdtUk; guNyhfj;jpypUf;fpwtUkhd kD\FkhuNday;yhky; guNyhfj;Jf;F Vwpdtd; xUtDkpy;iy.

Nahth 6:62 kD\Fkhud; jhk; Kd;dpUe;j ,lj;jpw;F Vwpg;Nghfpwij ePq;fs;

fhz;gPh;fshdhy; vg;gbapUf;Fk;?

Nuhk 9:5 gpjhf;fs; mth;fSilath;fNs@ khk;rj;jpd;gb fpwp];JTk; mth;fspy; gpwe;jhNu> ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; ];Njhj;jphpf;fg;gl;l rh;tj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd Njtd;. Mnkd;!

vgp 1:3 ,th; mtUila kfpikapd; gpufhrKk;> mtUila jd;ikapd; nrh&gKkhapUe;J> rh;tj;ijAk; jk;Kila ty;yikAs;s trdj;jpdhNy jhq;Ffpwtuha;> jk;khNyjhNk ek;Kila ghtq;fis ePf;Fk; Rj;jpfhpg;ig cz;Lgz;zp> cd;djj;jpYs;s kfj;JtkhdtUila tyJghhprj;jpNy cl;fhh;e;jhh;.

,NaR fpwp];J guj;jpw;F jpUk;gp Nghd NghJk; ,U Rghtq;fisAk; jd;dpNy xd;whf nfhz;bUg;gtuhfNt ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtH vg;nghOJk; NjtdhfTk; kdpjdhfTNk ,Uf;fpd;whH. ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;ghdJ ,NaR fpwp];J vDk; eghpy; cs;s nja;tPf kdpj Rghtq;fspd; xw;Wikf;$lhfj;jhd; rhj;jpakhfpwJ vd;gij ehk; epr;rak; mwpa Ntz;Lk;. ,itfis ehk; KOtJkhf fpufpj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbahtpl;lhYk; tpRthrj;jpdhy; ,e;j cz;ikia mwpf;if nra;fpNwhk; (1Nahth 4:2-3).


rq; 49:7-8 …,dp vd;iwf;Fk; capNuhbUf;Fk;gb>vt;tpjj;jpdhyhtJ mtid kPl;Lf;nfhs;sTk;> mtdpkpj;jk; kPl;Fk;nghUis NjtDf;Ff; nfhLf;fTq;$lhNj…

kj; 16:26 kD\d; cyfk; KOtijAk; Mjhag;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhYk;> jd; [Ptid e\;lg;gLj;jpdhy; mtDf;F yhgk; vd;d? kD\d; jd; [PtDf;F <lhf vd;dj;ijf; nfhLg;ghd;?

khw; 2:7.10 Njtd; xUtNuad;wpg; ghtq;fis kd;dpf;fj;jf;fth; ahh;? xU rthy; : mtUila ,e;j gpugQ;r tho;tpd; NghJ ,NaRtpDila Rghtj;jpd; ,U jd;ikfs; Fwpg;ghf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 1. md;G

jk;Kila gpjhtpw;fhd md;G: Nahth 14:31 ehd; gpjhtpy; md;ghapUf;fpNwd; vd;Wk;> gpjh vdf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lgbNa nra;fpNwd; vd;Wk;> cyfk; mwpAk;gbf;F ,g;gb elf;Fk;… ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tho;tpd; ,ufrpaNk mtH jk;Kila gpjhtpd; kPJ nfhz;l md;Gjhd;. “ehd; vd; gpjhit Nerpf;fpd;Nwd;”! ,jd; epkpj;jkhf jd;id Rj;jpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L jd;id kuz ghpae;jk; gpjhtpw;F fPo;g;gLj;jpdhH!

kdpjHfSf;fhd md;G:

vNg 5:2 fpwp];J ekf;fhfj; jk;ikj; NjtDf;Fr; Rfe;j thridahd fhzpf;ifahfTk; gypahfTk; xg;Gf;nfhLj;J ek;kpy; md;G$h;e;jJNghy> ePq;fSk; md;gpNy ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. tpRthrpfshfpa ek;ik khj;jpuk; my;y. mtH ghtpfisAk; Nerpf;fpd;whH. mjhtJ ghtj;jpdhy; ,Ujak; fbdg;gl;ltHfisAk;> jk;Kila vjphpfisAk; $l Nerpf;fpd;whH!

mtH jk;Kila [Ptidf; nfhLj;jhH: (1Nahth 3:16). mtH ,oe;J Nghdij fz;Lgpbf;Fk; kl;Lk; NjLfpwhH (Y}f; 15:4-7) mtH jk;Kila ,uj;jjpj;jpw;$lhf ek;Kila ghtq;fspy; ,Ue;J ek;ik

tpLtpj;jpUf;fpd;whH (ntsp 1:5). mtH mtUf;F nrhe;jkhdtHfs; ghpG+uzj;ij milAk; kl;Lk; mtH

mtHfis Nrtpf;fpd;whH (Nahth 13:1: “mtH jk;KilatHfis Nerpf;fpd;whH ……KbT ghpae;jk;…”)

2. ,uf;fk; (jaT) ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jatpdhy; epiwe;jpUe;jhH. ahUf;fhf ,uf;fkha; ,Ue;jhH> mij vg;gb fhz;gpj;jhH? mjDila tpisTfs; jhd; vd;d? ,ijf; Fwpj;J mwpa gpd;tUk; Ntjhfk gFjpfisg; ghpe;Jiu nra;fpd;Nwd;: kj; 14:14@ 20:34@ khw; 1:41@ 6:32@ 8:2@ 9:222 9:36@ Y}f; 7:13@ 10:33@ 15:20).


V. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; %d;W tifahd Copaq;fs;.

A. tpj;jpahrkhd Copaq;fisf; Fwpj;j nghJthd mtjhdpg;G.

,NaRNt Nkrpahthfpa fpwp];J (mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;ltH). cjhuzj;jpw;F Nahth 20:31I ghHf;fTk;. cz;ikapy;> gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s xt;nthU mgpN\fKk; fpwp];JitAk; mtuJ Copaj;ijAk; Kd;Djhuzkhf fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,uh[hf;fs; jPHf;fjhprpfs;> MrhhpaHfs; mgpN\fk; gz;zg;gl;lhHfs;. 1,uh[h 19:16 jPHf;fjhprpahf vyprh Nytp 8:2 gpujhd Mrhhpadhf MNuhd; 1rhK 16:13 ,uh[hthf jhtPJ Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; ehk; gpd;tUkhW thrpf;fpd;Nwhk;: mg; 10:38 erNuadhfpa ,NaRitj; Njtd; ghpRj;jMtpapdhYk; ty;yikapdhYk;

mgpN\fk;gz;zpdhh;@ Njtd; mtUlNd$l ,Ue;jgbapdhNy mth; ed;iknra;fpwtuhAk; gprhrpd; ty;yikapy; mfg;gl;l ahtiuAk; Fzkhf;FfpwtuhAk; Rw;wpj;jphpe;jhh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; mgpN\fkhdJ (NahHjhdpy; mthpd; Qhd];ehdj;jpd; NghJ) gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s mtuJ gjtp epiyfspd; epiwNtWjyha; ,Ue;jJ. ,J Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; fPo; ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jd;dpy; jPHf;fjhprpf;Fhpa> gpujhd MrhhpaUf;Fhpa> ,uh[htpw;Fhpa gjtp epiyfis xd;WgLj;jpaij cUtfkhf fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. mtUf;$lhf ,k;%d;W gjtp epiyfs; my;yJ njhopw;ghLfspdJ nka;ahd mHj;jKk; Nehf;fKk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. jPHf;fjhprpahf> kdpjUf;F Kd;ghfj; Njtidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JfpwhH. mtH

mtHfSf;F Njtid ntspg;gLj;JfpwhH. 2. XH gpujhd Mrhhpauhf> NjtDf;F Kd;ghf kdpjiu gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JfpwhH. 3. XH ,uh[hthf> NjtDf;Fk; kdpjdpw;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s mjpfhug;G+h;tkhd

cwit kWrPHg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.

gpd;tUk; glkhdJ ,jid tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. 1) NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT (ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; kdpjd; Njtdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J gphpf;fg;gl;lhd;) mj;Jld; 2) jPHf;fjhprd> 3) gpujhd Mrhhpaj;Jt 4) ,uh[hPf Mfpa %d;W gjtp epiyfspd; cz;ik mHj;jj;ij ,g;glk; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

Njtd; X X X X

ghtk; jPh;f;fjhprp gpujhd Mrhhpad; ,uh[h

X X X X

,NaRtpd; jPHf;fjhprd CopakhdJ (Nahth 15:22) mtuJ Mrhhpa Copaj;jpw;fhd ghijia Maj;jg;gLj;jpaJ (xg;. 1NgJ 2:24). mJ mg;gbNa mtUila ,uh[;aj;ij ];jhgpg;gjw;fhf KO epr;rakhd Kd; epge;jidahf ,Ue;jJ (ntsp 19:16).


B. jPHf;fjhprd Copak;

1. jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;jpd; tiutpyf;fzk;

vgpNua thHj;ijahd “egp” (jPHf;fjhprp = nābī‘) vDk; nrhw;gjj;jpd; mHj;jk; epr;rakw;wjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mijg; gad;gLj;Jk; tpjk; mjid ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ: ,jw;Fhpa kpfj; jpwkhd tiutpyf;fzk; gpd;tUk; trdj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ahj; 7:1-2 fh;j;jh; NkhNria Nehf;fp: “ghh;> cd;id ehd; ghh;NthDf;F Njtdhf;fpNdd;@ cd; rNfhjudhfpa MNuhd; cd; jPh;f;fjhprpahapUg;ghd;. ehd; cdf;Ff; fl;lisapLk; ahitAk; eP nrhy;yNtz;Lk;@ ghh;Nthd; ,];uNty; Gj;jpuiuj; jd; Njrj;jpypUe;J mDg;gptpLk;gb cd; rNfhjudhfpa MNuhd; mtdplj;jpy; NgrNtz;Lk;”. ,q;Nf NkhNr NjtDila epiyia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhd; vdf; $wyhk;. mtd; NjtDila me;j tfpgq;fpid vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. mNjNtis MNuhd; mtDila thahf> jPHf;fjhprpahf ,Ue;jhd;. nka;ahd jPHf;fjhprp cz;ikapy; NjtDila XH Ngr;rhsd;jhd;.

ahj; 4:16 mtd; cdf;Fg; gjpyhf [dq;fNshNl NgRthd;@ ,t;tpjkha; mtd; cdf;F thahf ,Ug;ghd;;@ eP mtDf;Fj; Njtdhf ,Ug;gha;.

cgh 18:18 cd;idg;Nghy xU jPh;f;fjhprpia ehd; mth;fSf;fhf mth;fs; rNfhjuhpypUe;J vOk;gg;gz;zp> vd; thh;j;ijfis mth; thapy; mUSNtd;@ ehd; mtUf;Ff; fw;gpg;gijnay;yhk; mth;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Ythh;.

vNu 1:9 fh;j;jh; jkJ fuj;ij ePl;b> vd;thiaj; njhl;L: ,Njh> vd; thh;j;ijfis cd; thapNy itf;fpNwd;.

jPh;f;fjhprd CopakhdJ mbg;gilapy; gpd;tUk; ,U njhopw;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sJ: 1. NjtDila thHj;ijiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;. 2. NjtDila thHj;ijia mwptpj;jy;.

gpd;tUk; tiuglk; jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;ij Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ:

X X X

___ X X X

nra;jpia flj;Jfpd;w ngha; jPh;f;fjhprp fPo;g;gbahj jPh;f;fjhprp jPh;f;fjhprp (vNr 3:17) (vNr 13:2-3) (Nahdh)

1) nka;ahd jPHf;fjhprp Njtdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J nra;jpiag; ngw;W Njtd; ahhplj;jpy; mtiu mDg;GfpwhNuh me;j kf;fSf;F nra;jpia mwptpf;fpd;whH (,lJ) 2) fs;sj; jPHf;fjhprp Njtdplj;jpypUe;J thHj;ijiag; ngwhkNy kf;fSf;F nra;jpia nfhLf;fpd;whd;. mtd; Njtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;lJ Nghd;W ntWkNd chpik ghuhl;Lfpd;whd;. 3) fPo;g;gbtpy;yhj jPHf;fjhprp Njtdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J nra;jpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; Njtd; ahhplj;jpw;F mtiu mDg;GfpwhNuh me;j kf;fSf;F Njtnra;jpia nrhy;y kWf;fpwhH. ,jw;F kpfTk; gpugy;akhd cjhuzkhf ve;jtpj


re;NjfKk; ,d;wp Nahdhit vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. mtd; NjtDila nra;jpia epdpNt kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiuf;f kWf;fpd;whd;.

2. fpwp];Jtpy; jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;jpd; epiwNtWjy;

a) gioa Vw;ghl;by; XH jPHf;fjhprpahf thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;lhH

cgh 18:15 cd; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; vd;idg;Nghy xU jPh;f;fjhprpia cdf;fhf cd; eLNt cd; rNfhjuhpypUe;J vOk;gg;gz;Zthh;@ mtUf;Fr; nrtpnfhLg;gPh;fshf!

fpwp];JthdtH mtUila khdplg; gpwg;gpd; NghJ khj;jpuNk xU jPHf;fjhprpahf tuhky; (Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapy;)> mtH gioa cld;gbf;ifapNyNa XH jPHf;fjhprpahf ,Ue;jhH. epj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj mtH mg;gbahfNt ,Ue;jhH. 1 NgJ 1:11 jq;fspYs;s fpwp];Jtpd; Mtpahdth; fpwp];JTf;F cz;lhFk;

ghLfisAk;> mitfSf;Fg; gpd;tUk; kfpikfisAk; Kd;dwptpj;jNghJ> ,d;dfhyj;ijf; Fwpj;jhnud;gijAk;> me;jf; fhyj;jpd; tpNr\k; ,d;dnjd;gijAk; Muha;e;jhh;fs;.

Nahth 1:1 MjpKjy; ,Ue;jJk;> ehq;fs; Nfl;lJk;> vq;fs; fz;fspdhNy fz;lJk;> ehq;fs; Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;jJk;> vq;fs; iffspdhNy njhl;lJkhapUf;fpw [Ptthh;j;ijiaf;Fwpj;J cq;fSf;F mwptpf;fpNwhk;.

b) Gjpa Vw;ghlhdJ mtiu XH jPHf;fjhprpahf ntspg;gLj;;JfpwJ.

1) fpwp];JthdtH thf;Fj;jj;jj;ij epiwNtw;WfpwhH.

mg; 3:22 NkhNr gpjhf;fis Nehf;fp: cq;fs; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; vd;idg;Nghy xU jPh;f;fjhprpia cq;fSf;fhf cq;fs; rNfhjuhpypUe;J vOk;gg;gz;Zthh;@ mth; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yk; vy;yhtw;wpYk; mtUf;Fr; nrtpnfhLg;gPh;fshf.

mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJUtpd; thHj;ijfs; cgh 18:15-17y; fhzg;gLk; thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd; epiwNtWjNy!

vgp 1:1-2 G+h;tfhyq;fspy; gq;Fgq;fhfTk; tiftifahfTk;> jPh;f;fjhprpfs; %ykha;g; gpjhf;fSf;Fj; jpUTsk; gw;wpd Njtd;> ,e;jf; filrp ehl;fspy; Fkhud; %ykha; ekf;Fj; jpUTsk;gw;wpdhh;@ ,tiur; rh;tj;Jf;Fk; Rje;juthspahf epakpj;jhh;> ,tiuf;nfhz;L cyfq;fisAk; cz;lhf;fpdhh;.

2) fpwp];JthdtH jhNk jhd; xU jPHf;fjhprp vd mwptpj;jhH

khw; 6:4 ,NaR mth;fis Nehf;fp@ jPh;f;fjhprp xUtd; jd; ChpYk; jd; ,dj;jpYk; jd tPl;bYNkad;wp Ntnwq;Fk; fdtPdkilahd; vd;whh;.

Y}f; 13:33 ,d;iwf;Fk; ehisf;Fk; kWehisf;Fk; ehd; elkhlNtz;Lk;@ vUrNyKf;Fg; Gwk;Ng xU jPh;f;fjhprpAk; kbe;JNghfpwjpy;iynad;W ehd; nrhd;djhf ePq;fs; Ngha; me;j ehpf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs;.


3) XH jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;jpw;fhd Njitfis ,NaRfpwp];J epiwNtw;WfpwhH

Nahth 8:26 cq;fisf;Fwpj;Jg; NgrTk; epahae;jPh;f;fTk; vdf;F mNef fhhpaq;fSz;L. vd;id mDg;gpdth; rj;jpaKs;sth;@ ehd; mthplj;jpy; Nfl;litfisNa cyfj;Jf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;.

Nahth 12:49-50 ehd; Rakha;g; Ngrtpy;iy> ehd; NgrNtz;baJ ,d;dnjd;Wk; cgNjrpf;fNtz;baJ ,d;dnjd;Wk; vd;id mDg;gpd gpjhNt vdf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhh;. mtUila fl;lis epj;jpa [PtdhapUf;fpwnjd;W mwpNtd;@ Mifahy; ehd; NgRfpwitfisg; gpjh vdf;Fr; nrhd;dgbNa NgRfpNwd; vd;whh;.

Nahth 17:8 “ePh; vdf;Ff; nfhLj;j thh;j;ijfis ehd; mth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;@ mth;fs; mitfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L>…”

gpjhthfpa Njtid ekf;F ntspg;gLj;jpajd; %ykhf ,NaRthdtH jd;Dila jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;ij epiwNtw;wpAs;shH:

Nahth 16:25 ,itfis ehd; ctikfsha; cq;fSlNd NgRfpNwd;@ fhyk; tUk;> mg;nghOJ ehd; ctikfsha; cq;fSlNd Ngrhky;> gpjhitf;Fwpj;J ntspg;gilahf cq;fSf;F mwptpg;Ngd;.

mtH jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;ij gpd;tUkhW epiwNtw;wpdhH:

mtUila rhl;rp ([marturéō] = to testify) xg;. Nahth 18:37. jd;Dila gpurq;fj;jpw;$lhf ([kērússō] = to preach) xg;. kj; 4:23 9:35. jd;Dila Nghjidf;$lhf ([didáskō] = to teach) xg;. kj; 4:23> 9:35.

mtUila jPHf;fjhprd Copak; milahsq;fspdhYk;> mw;Gjq;fspdhYk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ (cjhuzkhf kj;. 8k;> 9k; mjpfhuq;fisg; ghHf;fTk;).

c) mtuJ jPHf;fjhprd Copaj;jpd; tpN\rpj;j mk;rq;fs;. mtH Njtid jd;dpYk; jdf;$lhfTk; ntspg;gLj;jpdhH:

Nahth 1:18 Njtid xUtDk; xUf;fhYk; fz;ljpy;iy> gpjhtpd; kbapypUf;fpw xNuNgwhd FkhuNd mtiu ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.


vy;yh jPHf;fjhprdq;fSk; mthpy; epiwNtwpAs;sd. mtiu ePq;fs; “jPHf;fjhprd khk;rkhFjy;” (xg;. Nahth 1:14) vd miof;fyhk;. Vida jPHf;fjhprpfs; vy;yhk; fpwp];Jit Rl;bf;fhl;b epd;wdH.

Y}f; 24:44 mth;fis Nehf;fp: “NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzj;jpYk; jPh;f;fjhprpfspd; Mfkq;fspYk; rq;fPjq;fspYk; vd;idf;Fwpj;J vOjpapUf;fpwitfnsy;yhk; epiwNtwNtz;banjd;W> ehd; cq;fNshbUe;jNghJ cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Lte;j tpNr\q;fs; ,itfNs vd;whh;”.

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH ,e;j Copaj;ij ghpG+uzkhf nra;J Kbj;jhH. cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt mtH “kfpik” cs;stuhf ,Ue;jhH (xg;. Nahth 17:5)> Gjpa rpU\;bg;gpy; mtH “xspahf” ,Ug;ghH (ntsp 21:23). ,d;W mtH ek;Kila “Qhdkhf” te;Jtpl;lhH (1nfhhp 1:30). ,NaRfpwp];JTldhd If;fpaj;jpy; kfpik> xsp> Qhdk; cz;L!


C. gpujhd Mrhhpa Copak;.

1. gpujhd Mrhhpa Copaj;jpd; tiutpyf;fzKk;> fpwp];Jtpy; mjd; epiwNtWjYk;

a) gpjhtpw;F mz;ikapy; ek;ik mtH nfhz;L tUfpd;whH NfhN`d; - Mrhhpad; (kohēn = priest) vd;w vgpNua thHj;ijapd; Njhw;wj;ijf; Fwpj;J (etymology) ekf;F epr;rakpy;iy.20 tpidr;nrhy;yhd f`hd; (kāhan) vd;gjd; mHj;jk; “XH MrhhpaDf;Fhpa Copaj;ij epiwNtw;W” vd;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ (cjhuzkhf ahj; 31:10). ,e;j thHj;ijapd; mHj;jkhdJ XH Mrhhpad; kdpjHfis NjtDf;F mz;ikapy; (kWgbAk;) nfhz;L tUjy; vd;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gpd;tUk; tiuglk; mjid tpsf;FfpwJ: gyp (,uj;jk;) X Njtd; ghtk;

Mrhhpad; X kdpjd; ghtkhdJ Njtdplk; ,Ue;J kdpjHfisg; gphpf;fpd;wJ. fpwp];JthdtH ,g;G+kpf;F te;J jk;Kila ,uj;jj;ij ekf;fhf rpe;jpdhH. XH gpujhd Mrhhpauhf me;j ,uj;jj;ij vLj;J gpjhtpw;F Kd;ghf nfhz;L te;J Njtdplk; ,Ue;J kdpjidg; gphpj;j me;j ghtj;jpw;fhf ghteptHj;jp nra;fpwhH. ,g;gbahf mtH kdpjid Njtdplj;jpw;F kWgbAkhf nfhz;L tUfpwhH (nfhNyh 1:19-20).

XH gpujhd Mrhhpa Copaj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; Mokhd mHj;jj;ijAila XH ey;y cjhuzj;ij Nytpauhfkk; toq;FfpwJ. ghteptHj;jpapd; ehspy; nra;ag;gLk; gpujhd Mrhhpa Copak; ,ij kpf tphpthf tpsq;fg;gLj;JfpwJ. gpujhd MrhhpaH kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpw;Fs; ,uj;jj;ij nfhz;L tUfpwhH:

Nytp 16:15 gpd;G [dj;jpDila ghtepthuzgypahd nts;shl;Lf;flhit mtd; nfhd;W> mjpd; ,uj;jj;ijj; jpiuf;F cl;Gwkhff; nfhz;Lte;J> fhisapd; ,uj;jj;ijj; njspj;jJNghy> mjpd; ,uj;jj;ijAk; fpUghrdj;jpd;NkYk; mjw;F Kd;ghfTk; njspj;J…

Nytp 16:17 ghteptph;j;jp nra;Ak;gb mtd; ghpRj;j ];jyj;Jf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;J> jdf;fhfTk; jd; tPl;lhUf;fhfTk; ,];uNty; rigahh; midtUf;fhfTk; ghteptph;j;jp nra;J> ntspNa tUksTk; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpy; xUtUk; ,Uf;fyhfhJ.

Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; - Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; fPo; - fpwp];JthdtH jhNk jk;Kila nrhe;j ,uj;jj;jpd; %ykhf xNu jlitapy; Njtdplj;jpw;F (xg;. vgp 9:24-28) kWgbAk; ek;ikf; nfhz;L tUfpwhH (xg;. vgp 9:24-28).

20

Compare Willem A. VanGemeren, General Editor, New International Dictionary of Old Testament Exegesis, volume 2 (Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Publishing, 1996), pp. 601-605.


vgp 9:12 nts;shl;Lf;flh> ,sq;fhis ,itfSila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy my;y> jk;Kila nrhe;j ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; xNujuk; kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpNy gpuNtrpj;J> epj;jpa kPl;ig cz;Lgz;zpdhh;.

vNg 2:13 Kd;Nd J}ukhapUe;j ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs; fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy rkPgkhdPh;fs;.

b) mtH ekJ kj;jpa];jH gpujhd MrhhpaH NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapy; XH kj;jpa];juhf Nrtfk; GhpfpwhH. mtH Njtgpurd;dj;jpw;Fs; te;J gpd;dH kf;fsplk; jpUk;gp nry;fpwhH:

vz; 6:23 eP MNuhNdhLk; mtd; FkhuNuhLk; nrhy;yNtz;baJ vd;dntd;why;: “ePq;fs; ,];uNty; Gj;jpuiu MrPh;tjpf;Fk;NghJ> mth;fisg; ghh;j;Jr; nrhy;yNtz;bajhtJ:”

ky; 2:7 MrhhpaDila cjLfs; mwpitf; fhf;fNtz;Lk;@ Ntjj;ij mtd; thapNy NjLthh;fNs@ mtd; NridfSila fh;j;jhpd; J}jd;.

Mrhhpahpd; ,d;ndhU Ntiy vd;dntd;why; “Chpk; Jk;kPk;” Clhf MNyhrid gz;Ztjpd; %yk; kf;fSf;fhd Njt MNyhridia Nfl;Lg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjhFk;. (xg;. ahj; 28:30@ vz; 27:21).

fHj;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila kuzk; capHj;njOjypdhy; ek;Kila xNunahU kj;jpa];juhf ,Uf;fpd;whH (→ Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapy;):

1 jPNkh 2:5 Njtd; xUtNu> NjtDf;Fk; kD\Uf;Fk; kj;jpa];jUk; xUtNu.

vgp 7:25 NkYk;> jkJ %ykha;j; Njtdplj;jpy; NrUfpwth;fSf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;Ak;gbf;F mth; vg;nghOJk; capNuhbUf;fpwtuhifahy; mth;fis Kw;WKba ,ul;rpf;f ty;ytuhAkpUf;fpwhh;.

Gjpa Vw;ghlhdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jjhd; Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; kj;jpa];jH vd tpN\rpj;j tpjkha; $WfpwJ (xg;. vgp 9:15@12:24). mNjNtis NkhNria gioa cld;gbf;ifapd; kj;jpa];juhf fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ (Nahth 1:17@ 2nfhhp 3:4-18)

c) mtH ekf;fhf ghpe;J NgRgtH (gpujpepjp) NjtDila fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; gpujhd MrhhpadhdtH kdpjf;fhfg; ghpe;J NgRduhf my;yJ gpujpepjpahf ,Ug;ghH:

vgp 5:1 md;wpAk;> kD\hpy; njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l ve;jg; gpujhd MrhhpaDk; ghtq;fSf;fhff; fhzpf;iffisAk; gypfisAk; nrYj;Jk;gb> kD\Uf;fhfj; Njtfhhpaq;fisg;gw;wp epakpf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

ahj; 28:11-12.29 ,uj;jpdq;fspy; Kj;jpiu ntl;Lfpwth;fs; nra;Ak; Ntiyf;F xg;ghf me;j ,uz;L fw;fspYk; ,];uNty; Gj;jpuhpd; ehkq;fis ntl;b> mitfisg; nghd; Ftisfspy; gjpg;ghahf.MNuhd; fh;j;jUf;F Kd;ghfj; jd; ,uz;L Njhs;fspd;NkYk; ,];uNty; Gj;jpuhpd; ehkq;fis Qhgff;Fwpahfr; Rke;Jtu> me;j ,uz;L fw;fisAk; VNghj;Jj; Njhs;fspd;Nky; mth;fis epidf;Fk;gbahd fw;fshf itf;ff;fltha;… MNuhd; ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;Fk;NghJ> ,];uNty; Gj;jpuhpd; ehkq;fisj; jd; ,Ujaj;jpd;NkypUf;Fk; epahatpjp khh;g;gjf;fj;jpNy fh;j;jUila re;epjhdj;jpy; Qhgff;Fwpahf vg;nghOJk; jhpj;Jf;nfhs;sf;fltd;.


gpujhd MrhhpaH NjtDf;F Kd;ghf [dq;fis mjhtJ mtHfSila ehkq;fSld; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JfpwhH. mtH jk;Kila khHgjf;fj;jpy; gjpf;fg;gl;l 12 ,];uNty; Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; ngaHfis tpiyAaHe;j fy;ypdhy; gjpj;jpUg;ghH. NjtDf;F Kd;ghf XH QhgfhHj;jkhf mJ gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; fPo; NjtDf;F Kd;ghf ekf;fhf thjpLk; my;yJ ghpe;J NgRk; tf;fPyhf ,NaR fpwp];J ,Uf;fpwhH.

1 Nahth 2:1 vd; gps;isfNs> ePq;fs; ghtQ;nra;ahjgbf;F ,itfis cq;fSf;F vOJfpNwd;@ xUtd; ghtQ;nra;thdhdhy;> ePjpguuhapUf;fpw ,NaRfpwp];J ekf;fhfg; gpjhtpdplj;jpy; ghpe;J NgRfpwtuhapUf;fpwhh;.

vgp 9:24 me;jg;gb> nka;ahd ghpRj;j ];jyj;Jf;F milahskhd ifapdhy; nra;ag;gl;ljhapUf;fpw ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpNy fpwp];Jthdth; gpuNtrpahky;> guNyhfj;jpNyjhNd ,g;nghOJ ekf;fhfj; NjtDila rKfj;jpy; gpuj;jpal;rkhFk;gb gpuNtrpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

vgp 7:25 NkYk;> jkJ %ykha;j; Njtdplj;jpy; NrUfpwth;fSf;fhf Ntz;Ljy; nra;Ak;gbf;F mth; vg;nghOJk; capNuhbUf;fpwtuhifahy; mth;fis Kw;WKba ,ul;rpf;f ty;ytuhAkpUf;fpwhh;.

,NaRtpd; Copaj;ij gpujhd Mrhhpauhf kpfj; njspthf ekf;F fhz;gpf;Fk; gioa Vw;ghlhdJ ekf;F mUikahd ghlq;fis fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. Mz;ltuhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jtpdplj;jpw;F NghFk; ghij kpf vspjhdjhf ,Ug;gjpdhy; kpf mjpfk; ngWkjp tha;e;jtuhf ekf;F mtH Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;!

2. gpujhd MrhhpaUila Copaj;jpw;fhd epge;jidfSk; mjid ,NaR fpwp];J vg;gb epiwNtw;WfpwhH.

XH gpujhd Mrhhpahpd; Copaj;ij epiwNtw;w gpd;tUk; epge;jidfs; fz;bg;ghf epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

a) gpujhd MrhhpaH XH kdpjdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vgp 5:1 md;wpAk;> kD\hpy; njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l ve;jg; gpujhd MrhhpaDk; ghtq;fSf;fhff; fhzpf;iffisAk; gypfisAk; nrYj;Jk;gb> kD\Uf;fhfj; Njtfhhpaq;fisg;gw;wp epakpf;fg;gLfpwhd;…

[dj;jpd; kdrhl;rpia NjtDf;F Kd;ghf nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf mtHfSf;fhf ghpjtpf;Fk; ,Ujaj;ij mtH epr;rakha; cilatuha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,jd; tpisthfNt> fpwp];J xU kdpjdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

vgp 2:17 md;wpAk;> mth; [dj;jpd; ghtq;fis eptph;j;jp nra;tjw;NfJthf> Njtfhhpaq;fisf;Fwpj;J ,uf;fKk; cz;ikAKs;s gpujhd MrhhpauhapUf;Fk;gbf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; jk;Kila rNfhjuUf;F xg;ghfNtz;bajhapUe;jJ.

b) gpujhd MrhhpaH fl;lhakhf Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

vgp 5:4 NkYk;> MNuhidg;Nghyj; Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl;lhnyhopa> xUtDk; ,e;jf; fdkhd Copaj;Jf;Fj; jhdha; Vw;gLfpwjpy;iy.

gpujhd Mrhhpa Copak; jpwik mbg;gilapy; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. mJ XH miog;G my;yJ epakdkhFk;. miof;fg;gl;ltHfs; khj;jpuNk NjtDf;F Kd;ghf tu KbAk;.


fpwp];J $l Njtdhy; miof;fg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ:

vgp 5:5-6 me;jg;gbNa fpwp];JTk; gpujhd MrhhpauhapUf;fpwjw;Fj; jk;ikj;jhNk cah;j;jtpy;iy@ ePh; vd;Dila Fkhud;> ,d;W ehd; ck;ik n[epg;gpj;Njd; vd;W mtNuhNl nrhd;dtNu mtiu cah;j;jpdhh;. mg;gbNa NtnwhU ,lj;jpYk;: ePh; nky;fpNrNjf;fpd; Kiwikapd;gb vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; MrhhpauhapUf;fpwPh; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;.

c) gpujhd MrhhpaH ghpRj;jKs;stuha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

ahj; 28:36 gRk;nghd;dpdhy; xU gl;lj;ijg; gz;zp> fh;j;jUf;Fg; ghpRj;jk; vd;W mjpNy Kj;jpiu ntl;lhf ntl;b>..

Nytp 21:6 jq;fs; NjtDila ehkj;ijg; ghpRj;jf; Fiyr;ryhf;fhky; mtUf;Nfw;w ghpRj;juhapUg;ghh;fshf@ mg;gj;ijAk; nrYj;Jfpwth;fshjyhy; ghpRj;jkhapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nytp 21:18 …mq;ftPdKs;s xUtDk; mZfyhfhJ@ FUldhdhYk;> rg;ghzpahdhYk;> FWfpd my;yJ ePz;l mtatKs;stdhdhYk;…>

vgp 7:26 ghpRj;jUk;> Fw;wkw;wtUk;> khrpy;yhjtUk;> ghtpfSf;F tpyfpdtUk;> thdq;fspYk; cah;e;jtUkhapUf;fpw ,t;tpjkhd gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;F Vw;wtuhapUf;fpwhh;.

,jd; tpisthfNt fpwp];JTk; ghpRj;jKs;stuha; ,Uf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ:

1 NgJ 1:19 Fw;wkpy;yhj khrw;w Ml;Lf;Fl;bahfpa fpwp];Jtpd; tpiyNawg;ngw;w ,uj;jj;jpdhNy kPl;fg;gl;Bh;fnsd;W mwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fNs.

vgp 4:15 ek;Kila gytPdq;fisf;Fwpj;Jg; ghpjgpf;ff;$lhj gpujhd Mrhhpah; ekf;fpuhky;> vy;yhtpjj;jpYk; ek;ikg;Nghy; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;Lk;> ghtkpy;yhjtuhapUf;fpw gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;fpUf;fpwhh;.

vgp 7:26-28 ghpRj;jUk;> Fw;wkw;wtUk;> khrpy;yhjtUk;> ghtpfSf;F tpyfpdtUk;> thdq;fspYk; cah;e;jtUkhapUf;fpw ,t;tpjkhd gpujhd MrhhpaNu ekf;F Vw;wtuhapUf;fpwhh;…. epahag;gpukhzkhdJ ngytPdKs;s kD\h;fisg; gpujhd Mrhhpauhf Vw;gLj;JfpwJ@ epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Fg;gpd;G cz;lhd MizNahNl tpsq;fpa trdNkh vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzuhd Fkhuid Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

d) gpujhd MrhhpaH xU gypia nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ

vgp 5:3 mjpdpkpj;jk; mtd; [dq;fSila ghtq;fSf;fhfg; gypaplNtz;baJNghy> jd;Dila ghtq;fSf;fhfTk; gypaplNtz;bajhapUf;fpwJ.

gypapd; ,uj;jkpy;yhky; gpujhd Mrhhpad; Njtgpurd;dj;jpw;Fs; tu KbahJ. ,jd; tpisthf fpwp];JTk; XH gypia nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ:

vgp 7:27 mth; gpujhd Mrhhpah;fisg;Nghy Kd;G nrhe;jg; ghtq;fSf;fhfTk;> gpd;G [dq;fSila ghtq;fSf;fhfTk; ehNlhWk; gypaplNtz;Ltjpy;iy@ Vnddpy; jk;ikj;jhNk gypapl;ljpdhNy ,ij xNujuk; nra;JKbj;jhh;.


vgp 10:10,NaRfpwp];JtpDila rhPuk; xNujuk; gypaplg;gl;ljpdhNy> me;jr; rpj;jj;jpd;gb ehk; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;.

vgp 10:14 Vnddpy; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gLfpwth;fis xNu gypapdhNy ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh; (vgp 12:14 y; cs;s vr;rhpg;igAk; ghh;f;fTk;).

vNg 5:2 fpwp];J ekf;fhfj; jk;ikj; NjtDf;Fr; Rfe;j thridahd fhzpf;ifahfTk; gypahfTk; xg;Gf;nfhLj;J ek;kpy; md;G$h;e;jJNghy> ePq;fSk; md;gpNy ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH vijAk; gyp nrYj;jtpy;iyNa@ ,y;iy> mtH jk;ikj;jhNk ekf;fhf XH gypahf nrYj;jpdhH (vgp 9:12.26b). xU gypapd; kjpg;G ,uj;jj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; epkpj;jk; fpwp];JTk; khpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

Nytp 17:11 khk;rj;jpd; caph; ,uj;jj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ@ ehd; mij cq;fSf;Fg; gypgPlj;jpd;Nky; cq;fs; Mj;Jkhf;fSf;fhfg; ghteptph;j;jp nra;Ak;gbf;Ff; fl;lisapl;Nld;@ Mj;Jkhtpw;fhfg; ghteptph;j;jp nra;fpwJ ,uj;jNk.

vgp 9:22 epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;gb nfhQ;rq;Fiwa vy;yhk; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLk;@ ,uj;jQ;rpe;Jjypy;yhky; kd;dpg;G cz;lhfhJ.

gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s gpujhd Mrhhpa Copaj;ijg; Nghd;Nw gpujhd Mrhhpa Copaj;jpd; ikak; mjd; gypapYk;> n[gj;jpYk; jq;fpAs;sJ. fpwp];JthdtH Vw;fdNt gypia epiwNtw;wptpl;lhH. mtUila ghpe;J NgRjy; ,d;Wtiu njhlHfpwJ (xg;. Nuhk 8:34@ vgp 4:14-16@ 1Nahth 2:1-2). ehd; Kjyhtjhf ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gypia> mjhtJ mtuJ kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;J NgRfpNwd;. gpd;dH mtuJ ghpe;J NgRk; Copaj;ijf; Fwpj;J NgRNtd;. ,Njh KjyhtJ cjhuzk; :

kpfg;nghpa tUlhe;j ghteptHj;jpapd; ehs; (Day of Atonement) (nahk; fpg;G+h; [Yom Kippur] vd miof;fg;gl;lJ: xg;.Nytp 16). rpYitapNy ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fphpiaia kpf mjprakha; tpghpf;fpwJ. gpujhd MrhhpaH KjyhtJ jd;idj;jhNd Rj;jpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghpRj;jkhd Mil mzpa Ntz;Lk;. (Nytp 16:4)> gpd;dH Ntz;lg;gl;l gypia nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;> mjd; gpd; jpiuf;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpDs; ,uj;jj;ij vLj;Jr; nrd;W xg;GuthFjypd; milahskhf ght eptHj;jpapd; tphpg;gpd; Nky; mt;tpuj;jj;ij njspf;f Ntz;Lk; (Nytp 16:15ff). mjd; gpd;dH kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNa te;J kf;fSf;F Kd;ghf epw;ghd; (Nytp 16:24). ,jd; xg;Gik vd;dntdpy;> ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH kdpjdhf te;jhH (XH kdpj rhPuj;jpdhy; jd;idj;jhd; NghHj;jpf; nfhz;lhH) (vgp 9:25@ gpyp 2:7)> kdpj Fyj;jpw;fhf jd;idj;jhNd xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhH. gpd;dH guk thr];jyj;jpw;F jpUk;gp jk;Kila ,uj;jj;ij gpjhtpw;F mspj;jhH (vgp 9:24-25). mq;fpUe;J KbT fhyj;jpd; NghJ kDf;Fyj;jplk; kWgbAk; jpUk;gp tUthH. ,k;Kiw ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; my;y (vgp 9:28)> Vnddpy; mtH xNu jlitapy; rpYitapy; vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;Jtpl;lhH (vgp 10:10.14):

Kjy; tUif ,uz;lhk; tUif Kjy; eltbf;if ,uz;lhtJ eltbf;if %d;whk eltbf;if Nytp 16:1-4.34 Nytp 16:15.21 Nytp 16:24 vgp 9:26 vgp 9:24 vgp 9:28 gpyp 2:7 1Nahth 1:9 kj; 24:30


3. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

gpujhd Mrhhpad; gypgPlj;jpy; kpUfq;fspd; gypia nrYj;jp [dq;fSf;F ght eptHj;jpia nfhz;L tUk; gbahf kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpw;Fs; ,uj;jj;Jld; nrd;W jpUk;gp tUk; nghOJ> mtDf;F ,J vg;gbahf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd fw;gid nra;J ghUq;fs;. ,NaR fpwp];JTk; nfhy;nfhjh kiyapy; jk; ,uj;jj;ij rpe;jp khpj;j Ntisapy; mJ vg;gbg;gl;l XH Gdpjkhd jUzkhf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; me;ehspy; jhNd jpBnud mq;Nf ,Us; #o;e;jJ. fpwp];JthdtH mt;Ntisapy; vdf;fhfTk; ek;nky;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH! ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRk; gFjpfs; vgpNua epUgj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpf Kf;fpakhditfs; ,Njh: vgp 1:1-4@ 2:14-17@ 7:22-28@ 8:1-7@ 9:1-14.22-28@ 10:1-14.19-25).

gioa Vw;ghl;by; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; kpf mjpfkhf Kd;Diuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:

a) gioa Vw;ghl;by; ,J Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s mNef cUtfq;fSk; jPHf;fjhprdq;fSk; Mz;ltuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wjha; ,Ue;jJ.


Mjp 3:21 Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; MjhKf;Fk; mtd; kidtpf;Fk; Njhy; cilfis cz;lhf;fp mth;fSf;F cLj;jpdhh;. ahj; 12 g];fh Ml;Lf;Fl;b Nytpauhfkk; vy;yh gypfSk;

Vrh 53:7 mth; neUf;fg;gl;Lk; xLf;fg;gl;Lk; ,Ue;jhh;> MdhYk; jk;Kila thia mth; jpwf;ftpy;iy@ mbf;fg;gLk;gb nfhz;LNghfg;gLfpw xU Ml;Lf;Fl;biag;NghyTk;> jd;id kaph;fj;jhpf;fpwtDf;F Kd;ghfr; rj;jkplhjpUf;fpw Ml;ilg;NghyTk;> mth; jk;Kila thiaj; jpwthjpUe;jhh;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;j ikar; nra;jpia (nghUs;) ehk; gioa Vw;ghL KOtJk; fhzyhk;.

Y}f; 24:25-27 mg;nghOJ mth; mth;fis Nehf;fp: “jPh;f;fjhprpfs; nrhd;d ahitAk; tpRthrpf;fpwjw;Fg; Gj;jpapy;yhj ke;j ,UjaKs;sth;fNs> fpwp];J ,t;tpjkhfg; ghLglTk;> jkJ kfpikapy; gpuNtrpf;fTk; Ntz;bajpy;iyah vd;W nrhy;yp”> NkhNr Kjypa rfy jPh;f;fjhprpfSk; vOjpd Ntjthf;fpaq;fnsy;yhtw;wpYk; jk;ikf;Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;ypaitfis mth;fSf;F tpthpj;Jf; fhz;gpj;jhh;. b) Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; ikar; nra;jp (nghUs;) RtpN\rj;jpy; Ie;jpy; xU gq;F ,NaR fpwp];J ,e;j G+kpapy; tho;e;j NghJ cs;s ,Wjp %d;W ehl;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ij Fwpj;J Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; Fiwe;jJ 175 jlitfSf;F mjpfkhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;Nf rpy Kf;fpakhd Ntjhfk gFjpfs; ,Njh: kj; 27:31ff@ Nahth 19:28ff@ mg; 2-3@ Nuhk 3:21-25@ 5:6-11@ 6:1ff@ vgp 2:14-18@ 9:11-28@ 10:10-14@ 1NgJ 1:18-21@ 2:21-24@ ntsp 5:6-12).


c) mtUila khk;rkhFjypd; gpujhd Nehf;fk;

mtH Vd; khk;rj;jpy; te;jhh; vd;gijf; Fwpj;J ehk; NkNy ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; khk;rkhFjiyf; Fwpj;j mjpfhuj;jpy; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nshk;. ,q;Nf gpujhdkhd fhuzk; vd;dntdpy;> kDf;Fyj;jpd; ghtj;jpw;fhf khpf;f $bajha; ,Uf;Fk; gbf;F> mtH te;jhH vd;gNj:


khw;F RtpN\rj;jpy; ,t;trdk; kpf gpujhdkhdjhf fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij ehk; mtjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vgp 2:14 Mjyhy;> gps;isfs; khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilath;fshapUf;f> mtUk; mth;fisg;Nghy khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilatuhdhh;@ kuzj;Jf;F mjpfhhpahfpa gprhrhdtidj; jkJ kuzj;jpdhNy mopf;Fk;gbf;Fk;>…

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jk;Kila ghLfisf; Fwpj;J jk;Kila rP\HfSf;F Kk;Kiw mwptpj;jJ (xg;. Y}f; 9:22@ 9:44-46@ 18:31-34) mtUila kuzj;jpd; mstpl Kbah Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpw;F rhl;rpgfHfpwJ.

d) RtpN\rj;jpd; mbg;gilfs;

“ew;nra;jp”ahdJ (,jDila fpNuf;f thHj;ij: “,thQ;rypNahd;” [euangélion]). ehd; [Ptpf;Fk; gbaha; fpwp];J vdf;fhf khpj;jNj:

1nfhhp 15:1-3 md;wpAk;> rNfhjuNu> ehd; cq;fSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;j RtpNr\j;ij kWgbAk; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;JfpNwd;@ ePq;fSk; mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> mjpNy epiyj;jpUf;fpwPh;fs;. ehd; cq;fSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jgpufhukha;> ePq;fs; mijf; iff;nfhz;bUe;jhy;> mjpdhNy ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtPh;fs;@ kw;wg;gb cq;fs; tpRthrk; tpUjhthapUf;FNk. ehd; mile;jJk; cq;fSf;Fg; gpujhdkhf xg;Gtpj;jJk; vd;dntd;why;> fpwp];Jthdth; Ntjthf;fpaq;fspd;gb ekJ ghtq;fSf;fhf khpj;J…

e) fpwp];jt tpRthrj;jpd; ,Ujak; Vida kjq;fs; ahTk; mjid ];jhgpj;j ];jhgfu;fspd; tho;f;ifiaAk; NghjidiaAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; fpwp];jtNkh mjDila ];jhgfhpd; kuzk; capHj;njOjypy; jdJ mbg;gilia nfhz;L ,aq;Ffpd;wJ.

f) ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;gpw;F ,d;wpaikahj ew;nra;jp mbg;gilfs;

Nahth 3:14 rh;g;gkhdJ NkhNrapdhy; tdhe;juj;jpNy cah;j;jg;gl;lJNghy kD\FkhuDk;…

Nahth 12:24 nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt ehd; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd;> NfhJik kzpahdJ epyj;jpy; tpOe;J rhfhtpl;lhy; jdpj;jpUf;Fk;> nrj;jNjahfpy; kpFe;j gyidf;nfhLf;Fk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; ,y;yhky; mq;Nf kPl;Gk; ,y;iy> gyhgyd;fSk; ,y;iy. Vnddpy; “kPl;Fk; nghUshdJ” nrYj;jg;gl;lhNy ghtkd;dpg;G rhj;jpakhFk;. ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH rpYitapNy ekf;Fg; gjpyhd jkJ kuzj;jpw;$lhf nrYj;jpdhH (xg;. khw; 10:45@ Nuhk 3:25-26@ nfhNyh 2:14-15).


g) guNyhfj;jpy; ,NaR Kf;fpa mtjhdpg;Gg; nghUshfpd;whu;

Y}f; 9:30-31 md;wpAk; NkhNr vypah vd;Dk; ,uz;LNgUk; kfpikNahNl fhzg;gl;L> mtUlNd rk;gh\izgz;zp> mth; vUrNykpNy epiwNtw;wg;Nghfpw mtUila kuzj;ijf;Fwpj;Jg; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.

ntsp 5:8-12 me;j ehd;F [Ptd;fSk;> ,Ugj;Jehd;F %g;gh;fSk;

Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdtuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jit gzpe;JnjhOjdh;.

4. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kd;dNk ehd; nrhd;dJ Nghy> mNef khHf;fq;fs; (kjq;fs;) mjDila ];jhgfhpd; tho;f;ifapYk; NghjidapYk; jd;Dila mbg;gilia (Muk;gj;ij) nfhz;baq;Ffpd;wJ. Mdhy;> fpwp];jtNkh mg;gbahf my;y. fpwp];jt tpRthrj;jpd; ,UjaNk mjDila ];jhgfuhd ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzNkahFk;. ,jd; epkpj;jk; jhd; Gul;l];jhe;J kf;fSf;F nghpa nts;sp (Good Friday) gz;bif kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Vd; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpw;F ehk; ,t;tsT Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij fhz;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;? ,jid tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;F> ehk; epr;rakhf kdpj Fyj;jpd; tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gj;jpw;Nf jpUk;gpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. Njtd; Kjy; kdpjDf;Ff; nfhLj;j vr;rhpg;ig ehk; epidT $UtJ mtrpak; :

Mjp 2:16-17 Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; kD\id Nehf;fp: “eP Njhl;lj;jpYs;s rfy tpUl;rj;jpd; fdpiaAk; Grpf;fNt Grpf;fyhk;. MdhYk; ed;ikjPik mwpaj;jf;f tpUl;rj;jpd; fdpiag; Grpf;fNtz;lhk;. mij eP Grpf;Fk; ehspy; rhfNt rhtha; vd;W fl;lisapl;lhh;.”

Jujpu;\;ltrkhf> MjhKk; VthSk; fPo;g;gbahky; jLf;fg;gl;l fdpiag; Grpj;jhHfs;. Njtd; Vw;fdNt mtHfis vr;rhpj;jgbapdhy; mtHfs; kd;dpf;fg;gl Kbahjgbf;F Fw;wthspfsha; ,Ue;jhHfs;. cz;ikahd md;ghdJ fz;iz %ba xU fPo;g;gbjy; my;y. mjd; cz;ikj;Jtk; ep&gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,q;Nf njhpTf;F rhj;jpak; ,y;yhjgb md;G ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,e;j tPo;r;rpahdJ MjhikAk; VthisAk; ghtj;jpw;Fs; js;sp> mg;gbNa mtHfSld; KO kDf;FyKk; ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghfg;gl;lJ.

rpy kf;fs; Njtd; ,e;j gpur;rpidia ,t;thwhd tpjj;jpy; ifahStjhf fw;gid nra;J ghHf;fpd;whHfs;: …X! kdpjd; ghtk; nra;J tpl;lhd;. ehk; vd;d nra;ayhk;? mtd; fPo;g;gbahtpl;lhy; rhfNt rhthd; vd vr;rhpj;Njhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j ghpjhgkhd kdpjd; Nky; ,uf;fkhapUg;Nghk;… ,e;j xNunahU Kiw khj;jpuk; ek; fz;fis %bf;nfhs;Nthk;……!

xU etPd kdpjd; ,g;gbahf rpe;jpj;J tpthjpf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Njtd; xU kdpjd; my;yNt. Njtd; xU fhhpaj;ij nrhy;ypAk; nra;ahjpUg;ghNuh?

vz; 23:19 ngha; nrhy;y Njtd; xU kdpjd; my;y@ kdk;khw mth; xU kDGj;jpuDk; my;y@ mth; nrhy;ypAk; nra;ahjpUg;ghuh? mth; trdpj;Jk; epiwNtw;whjpUg;ghuh?

“mij eP Grpf;Fk; ehspy; rhfNt rhtha;” (Mjp 2:17) …Grpf;fNtz;lhk; vd;W Njtd; nrhd;dJ cz;Nlh?... tpisTfs; jtpHf;fg;gl KbahJ. Nuhk 6:23 ghtj;jpd; rk;gsk; kuzk; ....

vdNt> Njtd; mtHfis jz;bf;f Ntz;bajha; ,Ue;jJ. kdpjd; mopTs;stdhdhd;…. ghtj;jpw;F mbikahdhd;. rq; 51:7@ vNg 2:1 kdpjd; ,aw;ifapNyNa ghtp vdTk;> Nfhghf;fpidapd; gps;isaha; ,Uf;fpwhd; vdTk;


cWjp nra;fpwJ. Mdhy; Mr;rh;akhd fhhpak; vd;dntdpy; ek;ikg; gilj;j Njtd; ,jw;F kj;jpapYk; ek;ik Nerpf;fpwhH vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j Kuz;ghlhd epiyik vg;gb jPHf;fg;gl KbAk;? NjtDila md;G kdpjid tpLtpf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. mtUila ePjpAk; cz;ikAs;s jd;ikAk; tpOe;J Nghd ghtpf;F jz;lidia mjhtJ kuzj;ij Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,];yhKk; kw;w khHf;fq;fSk; kdpjd; jd;idj;jhd; ,ul;rpf;f KbAk; vDk; Nghypahd Njhw;wj;ij fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,];yhk; ew;fphpiafSf;$lhf (Ie;J J}z;fs;) ,ul;rpg;ig milayhk; vd Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;J kjk;> ngsj;j kjk;> kw;w kjq;fs; jpahdk;> ahj;jpiufs; gytpjkhd gypfSf;$lhf Njt jait> my;yJ NjtHfspd; jait> my;yJ Mtpfspd; jait ngwyhk; vd ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; kpUf gypfs; kdpj ghtj;ij cz;ikahfNt ePf;Fkh? ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; “,y;iy” vd nrhy;fpwJ (vgp 10:4ff). mJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf; $baJjhd;. Vnddpy; kdpjd; jhd; ghtk; nra;jhd; kpUfq;fs; my;y. mj;Jld; kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNd my;yJ kw;wtHfisNah ghtj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;f KbahJ (rq; 49:7ff). ,e;j kPs Kbahj ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J kPs XH top ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> Njtd; xUtHjhd; jhd; gilj;j kdpjDila Fw;wj;jpw;fhd nghWg;ig jd;dpy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mij nra;a KbAk;. ehd; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb> kdpjUila FiwghLfisf; Fwpj;J Njtd; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L ,g;gbahf nrhy;y KbahJ. “…eP Grpf;Fk; ehspy; rhfNt rhtha; vd;gij ehd; kdpjDf;F nrhd;dij Fwpj;J kdk; tUe;JfpNwd;. ,e;j vr;rhpg;ig ehd; jpUg;gp vLj;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;….. ,jw;F kj;jpapYk; kdpjd; [PtDs;stdhf ,Uf;fl;Lk;!” ,y;iy> mtH vij nrhd;dhNuh mij nra;thH. Vnddpy; mtH ngha; nrhy;y khl;lhH. MfNt xNunahU topjhd; cz;L. mJ kdpjHfSila ghtq;fSf;fhd fpuaj;ij NjtNd nrYj;Jjy;. vg;gb? mtDf;F gjpyhf jhNd khpg;gjw;$lhf! Mdhy; mNjNtis ,JTk; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;fhJ. Vnddpy;> fPo;g;gbahky; NghFk; kdpjDf;Nf xopa ,e;j kuz vr;rhpf;if NjtDf;fy;y! kdpjd; kdpjd; jhd;. Njtd; Njtd; jhd;. mtH kdpjd; my;y. MfNt xNunahU jPHT. ghtKs;s kdpjDila ,lj;jpy; khpg;gjw;F Njtd; kdpjdhf Ntz;baJjhd; xNutop. jd;id gilj;jtUf;F vjpuhf kdpjDila fyfj;ij ntw;wpfukhf J}z;Ltpj;j rhj;jhdpd; mbikj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl kdpjDf;F ,Ue;j xNu rhj;jpakhd top ,Jjhd;. ,e;j ntspr;rj;jpy; Nahth 3:16@ 2nfhhp 5:21 Nghd;w gFjpfis njspthf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAk;. vdNtjhd; NjtFkhud; kdpjdhdhH@ ek;Kila Njhw;wj;ij mtH vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH@ mtH khk;rkhdhH (Nahth 1:14@ 1jPNkh 3:16). ,NaR ghpRj;j Mtpapdhy; cw;gtpf;fg;gl;lhH. (NahNrg;G vDk; kdpjDf;$lhf my;y) fd;dp khpapdplj;jpy; gpwe;jhH (Y}f; 1:30-38). Mifapdhy; mtH ghtkpy;yhj ghpRj;juha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. vdNt jhd; mtUila kuzkhdJ kDf;Fyj;ij kPl;Fk; nghUsha; ,Ue;jJ. 21 mtH kuzj;jpw;F ghj;jpuh; my;yhjpUe;Jk; jk;Kila nrhe;j rpj;jj;jpdhNy ghLgl;L (Nahth 10:17-18)> ek;Kila ghtf;flid nrYj;jpdhH. ek;ik kPl;Fk;gb mtH nrYj;jpa fpuak; mJ mtuJ kuzj;jpd; ngWkjp> ek;Kila fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtuJ kuzk; jhd; KO kDf;Fyj;jpd; ghtj;jpw;fhd kPl;Fk; nghUsha; ,Ue;jJ. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzkhdJ rl;l hPjpahfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ. rpy ,iwapayhsHfSk;> jj;JttpayhsHfSk; jHf;fpg;gJ Nghy; my;yhky; ,NaRtpd; kuzkhdJ jk;Kila gpukhzj;jpw;F cz;ikahf epd;w XH ,uj;j rhl;rpapd; kuzj;jpw;F xg;ghf ,Uf;f KbahJ. mg;gbahfj;jhd; mJ ,Ue;jpUf;Fkhdhy;> ,NaR fpwp];J Vd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;Jg; gag;gl;lhH?22 ,g;gbahd jPHkhdk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fhpa cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;ij mjhtJ ghtKs;s kdpjd; NjtDld; xg;GuthFjiy epuhfhpf;fpwJ. kpfTk; Nkhrkhd jhuhsthj ,iwapay; (arch-liberal) nfhs;ifiaAila UNlhy;g;/ Gy;l;kidg; (Rudolf

21 vy;yh kdpjUf;Fk; (xg;.Nahth 2:1-2). fs;sj; jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;Fk; JH cgNjrfHfSf;Fk;> Mdhy; JHcgNjrf;fhuH ,e;j kPl;Fk; nraypdhy; (,e;j fpUigapype;J) ve;j jd;ikAk; ngw KbahJ. Vnddpy;> jq;fis fpuaj;jpw;F nfhz;l Mz;ltiu kWjypj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJU $WfpwhH (2NgJ 2:1). ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhf ,ul;rpg;ghdJ mij tpRthrpj;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtHfSf;Fj;jhd; gypjkhFk; (xg;. Nahth 3:36@ 2nfhhp 5:20@ kj; 23:37@ Y}f; 7:30)@ → ,J goiktha;e;j cyfshtpa (classical Universalism) nfhs;ifahd vy;yh kdpjUk; ,Wjpapy; (jhdhfNt) fpwp];Jtpdhy; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLthHfs; vd;w nfhs;iff;F vjpuhdjhFk;. 22 ,J Nrhf;fpul;BrpDila tPuj;jdkhd kuzj;ij (heroic death of Socrates) tpl tpj;jpahrkhdJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Nrhf;fpul;Brpd; kuzKk; XH Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kuzk;.


Bultmann) nghWj;jtiuapy;> ,NaRfpwp];JthdtH xU fUj;Jthj ehafidg; (heroic idealist) Nghy kuzj;ij re;jpj;jhH! ,g;gbahfg; ghHj;jhy;> Nrhf;ul;Brpd; (Socrates) kuzj;jpw;Fk; ,NaRtpd; kuzj;jpw;Fk; ve;e tpj;jpahrKk; ,Uf;fhJ. ,UtUNk jq;fs; nfhs;iffSf;fhf khpj;jtHfshfj;jhd; vz;zg;gLtH. kw;wtHfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzkhdJ “ntWkNd” “rd;khHf;f tpisT” vd tpRthrpf;fpd;whHfs;: mjhtJ> ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ghLfSk; kuzKk; kdpj ,Ujaj;ij ,sfg;gz;zp mtHfs; tho;f;ifia khw;wj; J}z;LfpwJ. ,NaRtpd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;j ,e;j tpahf;fpahdkhdJ xg;GuthFjypd; cz;ikj; jd;ikia kWjypf;fpwJ. NtjhfkkhdJ Kw;wpYk; tpj;jpahrkhd xd;iw ekf;F Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,e;j jhuhsthj rpe;jidahdJ gpd;tUk; trdq;fSld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nuhk 5:6-7@ nfhNy 1:19-20@ 2:14-15. ,t;trdq;fs; fpUghjhu gyp> gpujpaPL> xg;GuthFjy; Nghd;w fhhpaq;fs; %yk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mzpj;jukhf fhz;gpf;fpwJ: fOtg;gLjy;> gjpyPL> xg;GuthFjy;!

a) xg;GuthFjy; Fwpg;gpl;l tpkh;rd Muha;r;rp kdg;ghd;ikAld; fhzg;gLk; ,iwapayhsHfs; mg;gbnahU [Ptgypia mHj;jkw;wjhf vz;ZfpwhHfs;. mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Njtd; ,uj;jg; gypfis fl;lisapLk; xU nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rpf;fhud; my;y. Gy;l;kidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,e;j rpe;jid ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j Guhjd rpe;jidapy; ,Ue;J tUtjhfTk; mjd; tpisthf Gjpa Vw;ghlhdJ> Guhjd “fl;Lf;fijfspd;” [demythologized] rpe;jidfspy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; fUjpdhH. ,J ekf;F Mr;rHaj;ij cz;lhf;fj; Njitapy;iy. Vnddpy;> ghpNraUk; ,NaRit ,ul;rfH vd Vw;fhky; epuhfhpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. jq;fSila ghtq;fSf;fhf fpuaj;ij nrYj;Jk; xU kPl;gH jq;fSf;F mtrpak; ,y;iy vd tpthjpj;jhHfs;. mijtpl mtHfs; NkhNrapd; gpukhzj;ij iff;nfhz;lgbapdhy; jq;fis ePjpkhd;fshf vz;zpdhHfs; (xg;. Y}f; 18:11-12). rJNraHfs; $l ,NaR fpwp];J XH kPl;guhf ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;w rpe;jidia kWjypj;jhHfs;. Vnddpy;> mtHfs; kWtho;it tpRthrpf;ftpy;iy. NuhkHfSila ifapypUe;J tpLtpf;Fk; XH murpay; Nkrpahtpw;fhf mtHfs; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rigAk; ,Nj jpirapy; nry;ytpy;iyah> (tj;jpfhdpd; cj;jpNahf G+Ht NghjidapyhtJ) vd;w Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Vnddpy;> rigjhd; ,ul;rpg;gpd; fhtyd; my;yJ epHthfp (fpUigapd; fhtyd;) vd;W mtHfs; cWjpgl $WfpwhHfs;. jpUr;rigapDila fpUigapd; nghf;fp\q;fs; fpwp];JtpdJk;> khpahspdJk;> kw;w ghpRj;jthd;fsJ nraypy; ,Ue;Jk; jhd; cUthfpwJ vd fj;Njhypf;f rig Nghjpf;fpwJ. Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f rig khj;jpuNk mUl; rhjdq;fSf;$lhf ,ul;rpg;gpd; kj;jpa];juha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. NtW tpjj;jpy; nrhd;dhy; ,ul;rpg;ig mUsj;jf;f xNu rig Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f rigjhd; vd $Wfpd;wdH. mg;gbapUf;f KbahJ> Vnddpy; ve;j rigf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;ig mUSk; chpik ,y;iy vd ehk; mwpfpNwhk;. ,ul;rpg;ig ekf;F mUSk; xUtH ekf;fhf khpj;j ,NaR fpwp];J xUtH khj;jpuk; jhd;. Jujpu;\;ltrkhf> Gul;l];jhe;J tl;lhuq;fspy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l mUl;rhjdj;ij kpifg;gLj;Jk; kdg;ghd;ik fhzg;gLfpwJ. ehDk; Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wtpl;Nld;… vd;w gjq;fis ehk; fhz;gjpy;iyah! mNjNtis rkur ,af;fk; (Ecumenical Movement) my;yJ rigfspd; rkur rq;fq;fspd; (Ecumenical

Council of Churches) (W.E.C.C) ,ul;rpg;ig Fwpj;j mwpthdJ kpfTk; Nfs;tpf;FwpahfpAs;sJ. Y}j;jH Nfl;lhH “vg;gb ehd; XH ,uf;fKs;s Njtidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;?”. Mdhy; cyfshtpa rigfspd; rq;fk; “vg;gb ehd; xU ,uf;fKs;s maytidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ?” vd Nfl;fpwJ. rigfspd; cyfshtpa rq;fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,ul;rpg;ghdJ mePjpahd mjpfhu fl;likg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhz;L ty;yikfisAk; tsq;fisAk; kPz;Lk; tpepNahfpj;jyhFk;. RUf;fkhf $wpdhy;> ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; rigfspd; cyfshtpa rq;fkhdJ XH fpwp];jtj;ij rhHe;jjhf my;yhky; khh;f;rpaj;ij (Marxism) rhHe;jjha; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; fpwp];jt nra;jpahdJ gpurq;fpf;fg;gl Ntz;bajpy;iy. tpN\lkhf jdpj;Jtkhd ,ul;rpg;gpd; nra;jp Njitapy;iy. khwhf> khHf;f fye;Jiuahly;fSk;> kjq;fSf;fpilapyhd Muhl;rpANk mtHfSila nra;jpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ!


vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> ,ul;rpg;igAk; xg;GuthFjiyAk; Fwpj;J Ntjhfkk; Nghjpf;Fk; nfhs;ifiaNa gpd;gw;w tpUk;GfpNwd;.

NtWgphpf;fg;gl;l (gifikahd) ,U FOf;fis xd;whf NrHf;Fk; eltbf;ifNa xg;GuthFjyhFk;. Ntjhfkj;jpy; ,itfs; ghpRj;j NjtDk; ghtpahd kdpjDkhFk;. xg;GuthFjYf;$lhf gphptpidf;fhd fhuzp mfw;wg;gLfpwJ.

Nuhk 5:11 mJTky;yhky;> ,g;nghOJ xg;GuthFjiy ekf;Ff; fpilf;fg;gz;zpd ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J%ykha; ehk; Njtidg;gw;wpAk; Nkd;ikghuhl;LfpNwhk;.

nfhNyh 1:19-20 rfy ghpg+uzKk; mtUf;Fs;Ns thrkhapUf;fTk;>mth; rpYitapy; rpe;jpd ,uj;jj;jpdhNy rkhjhdj;ij cz;lhf;fp> g+Nyhfj;jpYs;sitfs; guNyhfj;jpYs;sitfs; ahitAk; mth; %ykha; jkf;F xg;Guthf;fpf;nfhs;sTk; mtUf;Fg; gphpakhapw;W.

kdpjDila tPo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J NjtDk; kdpjDk; gphpf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> fpwp];J ek;Kila ghtq;fis mfw;wptpl;lhH. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhf NjtDld; xg;GuthFjiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjd; %yk; mthplj;jpw;F jpUk;GtJ kdpjidg; nghWj;jJ.

2 nfhhp 5:19-20 mnjd;dntdpy;> Njtd; cyfj;jhUila ghtq;fis vz;zhky;> fpwp];JTf;Fs; mth;fisj; jkf;F xg;Guthf;fp> xg;Guthf;Fjypd; cgNjrj;ij vq;fsplj;jpy; Xg;Gtpj;jhh;. MdgbapdhNy> Njtdhdth; vq;fisf;nfhz;L Gj;jpnrhy;YfpwJNghy> ehq;fs; fpwp];JTf;fhf ];jhdhgjpfshapUe;J> NjtNdhNl xg;GuthFq;fs; vd;W> fpwp];Jtpdpkpj;jk; cq;fis Ntz;bf;nfhs;SfpNwhk;.

gilg;gpy; Mtpfis topglk; (Animism) nfhs;ifapy; kdpjd; jd;idj;jhNd xg;Guthf;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpy; Njtd; jhNk jk;NkhL kdpjid xg;Guthf;f Kjw;gbia vLf;fpwhH. xNunahU ,lj;jpy; Gjpa Vw;ghL NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd xg;GuthFjiyf; Fwpj;J Njtid nraw;gL nghUshf nfhz;L NgRk; NghJ mJ mq;Nf “xg;GuthFjYf;F” vd;w tpidr;nrhy; xU nraw;ghl;L tpidahf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. kdpjdhdtd; xg;Guthf;fg;gLfpwtdhf fhzg;gLfpwhd;. kdpjd; nra;a Ntz;ba xNu fhhpak; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhf NjtDld; xg;GuthFtNj (xg;. Nuhk 5:10@ 2nfhhp 5:19-20).

b) gpujpaPL gpujpaPlhf ghLfis mDgtpj;jy; vd;gJ ,d;ndhUtUf;F gjpyha; NtW xUtH ghLfis mDgtpg;gjhFk;. ,e;j ghL mDgtpj;jypd; Nehf;fkhdJ ahUila rhHgpy; ghL mDgtpf;fg;gLfpwNjh mg;gbg;gl;ltHfspd; kPl;ig rk;ghjpg;gNj MFk;. gioa Vw;ghlhdJ ,e;j gpujpaPL glj;ij tpgukhf tpsf;fpj;jUfpwJ.

ahj; 12 : Fw;wkpy;yhj Ml;Lf;Fl;b my;yJ tPl;bd; jiyg; gps;isapd; kuzk; Mfpa

,uz;by; xd;W! Nytp 1-5 : xU kdpjd; nra;j ghtq;fSf;fhf kpUfq;fspd; gyp! Nytp 16 : tUlhe;j ght eptHj;jpapd; jpUehs; (nahk; fpg;G+H) : Nghf;fhL!

gypaplg;NghFk; kpUfj;jpd; kPJ gpujpaPlhd milahskhf (,zq;fhzg;gly;) iffis itj;jy;.

,NaRfpwp];J ek;Kila gpujpaPL (gjpyhs;) :


Vrh 53: 4-6 nka;ahfNt mth; ek;Kila ghLfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> ek;Kila Jf;fq;fisr; Rke;jhh;@ ehNkh> mth; Njtdhy; mbgl;L thjpf;fg;gl;L> rpWikg;gl;ltnud;W vz;zpNdhk;. ek;Kila kPWjy;fspdpkpj;jk; mth; fhag;gl;L> ek;Kila mf;fpukq;fspdpkpj;jk; mth; nehWf;fg;gl;lhh;@ ekf;Fr; rkhjhdj;ij cz;Lgz;Zk; Mf;fpid mth;Nky; te;jJ@ mtUila jOk;Gfshy; FzkhfpNwhk;.

1 nfhhp 15:3 ehd; mile;jJk; cq;fSf;Fg; gpujhdkhf xg;Gtpj;jJk; vd;dntd;why;> fpwp];Jthdth; Ntjthf;fpaq;fspd;gb ekJ ghtq;fSf;fhf khpj;J…

Nuhk 5:8 ehk; ghtpfshapUf;ifapy; fpwp];J ekf;fhf khpj;jjpdhNy> Njtd; ek;Nky;itj;j jkJ md;ig tpsq;fg;gz;Zfpwhh;.

khw; 10:45 mg;gbNa> kD\FkhuDk; Copaq;nfhs;Sk;gb tuhky;> CopaQ;nra;aTk;>

mNefiu kPl;Fk;nghUshfj; jk;Kila [Ptidf; nfhLf;fTk; te;jhh; vd;whh;.

,e;j gpujpaPl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mstpl KbahjJ:

2 nfhhp 5:14 fpwp];JtpDila md;G vq;fis neUf;fp VTfpwJ@ Vndd;why;> vy;yhUf;fhfTk; xUtNu khpj;jpUf;f> vy;yhUk; khpj;jhh;fs; vd;Wk;@

,jd; epkpj;jk; jhd; ek; tho;thdJ ,dp xU NghJk; ekf;Fhpajy;y (xg;. nfhhp 6:19-20@ 2 nfhhp 5:15). ek;ik kPl;Fk;gb jk;ikf; nfhLj;jtH ek;tho;tpd; kPJ chpikAs;stuha; ,Uf;fpd;whH. gpNyNkhd; tr 18-19y; cs;s gpujpaPl;bd; cgNjrj;ij ,q;Nf xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk; (xNerpKtpd; flid gpNyNkhDf;F gTy; nrYj;j Maj;jkha; ,Uf;fpd;whH).

c) kPl;G ek;Kila ghtq;fspy; ,Ue;J ek;ik kPl;gjw;$lhf fpwp];J ek;ik fpuaj;jpw;F nfhz;lhH vd;gjpy; jhd; kPl;gpd; nray; jq;fpAs;sJ (xg;. jPj;J 2:14). mbikj;jdk; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; xUtUila Rje;jpuj;ij thq;fpf;nfhs;tJ vd;why; vd;d vd vy;NyhUk; Ghpe;jpUe;jhHfs;. xUtH xU mbikia itj;jpUe;jhy;> me;j mbik RahjPdkha; Nghf Ntz;Lkhdhy; mtd; my;yJ ,d;ndhUtH “mtid kPl;f Ntz;Lk;” mjhtJ mtDila Rje;jpuj;ij thq;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; mtUilatuhFk;gb fpwp];J ek;ik kPl;Lf;nfhz;lhH:


vNg 1:7 mtUila fpUigapd; IRthpaj;jpd;gbNa ,tUila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ghtkd;dpg;ghfpa kPl;G (fpNuf;fj;jpy;: [apolútrōsis] = deliverance out of) ,tUf;Fs; ekf;F cz;lhapUf;fpwJ.

1) epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; rhgj;jpypUe;J kPl;G

fyh 3:13 kuj;jpNy J}f;fg;gl;l vtDk; rgpf;fg;gl;ltd; vd;W vOjpapUf;fpwgb> fpwp];J ekf;fhfr; rhgkhfp> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; rhgj;jpw;F ek;ik ePq;fyhf;fp kPl;Lf;nfhz;lhh;.

2) epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; vjph;ghHg;gpypUe;J kPl;G

fyh 4:4 ehk; Gj;jpuRtpfhuj;ijailAk;gb epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gl;lth;fis kPl;Lf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf…


3) ghtj;jpd; ty;yikapypUe;J kPl;G.

jPj;J 2:14 mth; ek;ikr; rfy mf;fpukq;fspdpd;W kPl;Lf;nfhz;L> jkf;Fhpa nrhe;j[dq;fshfTk;> ew;fphpiafisr;nra;ag; gf;jpituhf;fpaKs;sth;fshfTk; ek;ikr; Rj;jpfhpf;Fk;gb> ekf;fhfj; jk;ikj;jhNk xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhh;.

Nuhk 6:14 ePq;fs; epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gl;buhky; fpUigf;Ff; fPo;g;gl;bUf;fpwgbahy;> ghtk; cq;fis Nkw;nfhs;skhl;lhJ.

Kbthf ehk; ,itfspy; ,Ue;J kPl;fg;gl;Ls;Nshk; vd nrhy;yyhk;: ghtj;jpd; Fw;w czHtpy; ,Ue;J (epahag; gpukhzj;jpypUe;J) ,J cz;lhfpd;wJ:

xg;. jPj; 2:14) ghtj;jpd; ty;yikapypUe;J (xg;. Nuhk 6:14) ghtj;jpd; gpurd;dj;jpypUe;J (1Nahth 1:8)

4) rhj;jhdpd; ty;yikapypUe;J kPl;G.

vgp 2:14 Mjyhy;> gps;isfs; khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilath;fshapUf;f> mtUk; mth;fisg;Nghy khk;rj;ijAk; ,uj;jj;ijAk; cilatuhdhh;@ kuzj;Jf;F mjpfhhpahfpa gprhrhdtidj; jkJ kuzj;jpdhNy mopf;Fk;gbf;Fk;>

nfhNyh 1:13 ,Uspd; mjpfhuj;jpdpd;W ek;ik tpLjiyahf;fp> jkJ md;gpd; FkhuDila uh[;aj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpdtUkhapUf;fpw gpjhit ];Njhj;jphpf;fpNwhk;.

5) KOikahd kPl;G

vgp 10:14 Vnddpy; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gLfpwth;fis xNu gypapdhNy ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;.

kPl;ghdJ tho;f;ifapd; vy;yhg; gFjpiaAk; rhPuj;ijAk; $l cl;gLj;jpajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk; rhPukhdJ GJg;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ek;Kila cs;shd kdpjNd GJg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;. ,e;j cz;ik mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTyhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1 nfhhp 15:50 rNfhjuNu> ehd; nrhy;Yfpwnjd;dntdpy;> khk;rKk; ,uj;jKk; NjtDila uh[;aj;ijr; Rje;jhpf;fkhl;lhJ@ mopTs;sJ mopahikiar; Rje;jhpg;gJkpy;iy.

,e;j cz;ikia vjpHNehf;fpatuhf gTy; fjWfpwhH:

Nuhk 7:24 eph;g;ge;jkhd kD\d; ehd;! ,e;j kuz rhPuj;jpdpd;W ahh; vd;id tpLjiyahf;Fthh;?

mt;thHj;ijfs; gpd;tUk; thf;fpaj;jpdhy; njhlUk; NghJ vd;dnthU tpLjiy!

Nuhk 7:25 ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J%ykha;j; Njtid ];Njhj;jphpf;fpNwd;. Mjyhy; ehNd vd; kdjpdhNy NjtDila epahag;gpukhzj;Jf;Fk;> khk;rj;jpdhNyNah ghtg;gpukhzj;Jf;Fk; CopaQ;nra;fpNwd;.

NuhkH 8k; mjpfhuj;jpy; ek;Kila rhPu kPl;G vjpHfhyj;jpw;F chpajhf fhz;gpf;fpwhH. mjhtJ ehk; xU Gjpa rhPuj;ij> xU kfpikahd rhPuj;ij capHj;njOk; ehspy; ngWNthk;.


Nuhk 8:23 …mJTky;yhky;> Mtpapd; Kjw;gyd;fisg; ngw;w ehKq;$l ek;Kila

rhPu kPl;ghfpa Gj;jpuRtpfhuk; tUfpwjw;Ff; fhj;jpUe;J> ekf;Fs;Ns jtpf;fpNwhk;

MfNt ehk; ,Wjp kPl;Gf;fhf ,d;Dk; fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,g;NghJ ekf;F mr;rhuk; cz;L. mjhtJ ekf;Fs;Ns thrk;gz;Zk; ghpRj;j MtpahdtNu mJ.

vNg 1:14 mtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdth;fs; mtUila kfpikf;Fg; Gfo;r;rpahf kPl;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;gjw;F Mtpahdth; ek;Kila Rje;juj;jpd; mr;rhukhapUf;fpwhh;.

5. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; tpisTfs;

,NaR njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;fhfth my;yJ vy;yh kdpjHfSf;Fkhfth khpj;jhH? epge;jidaw;w Kd;Fwpj;jiyAk; vjpHf;fg;gl Kbahj fpUigiaAk; typAWj;Jk; fy;tpdprthjpfs;> 23 ,NaR fpwp];J njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;fhfNt xopa vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpf;ftpy;iy vd thjpLtjw;F js;sg;gLfpwhHfs;. ,NaR fpwp];J njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;fhfNt khpj;jhH vDk; nfhs;ifahdJ yj;jPdpy; expiatio definita vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; Mq;fpy thHj;ij kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ght eptHj;jp (limited atonement) vd ,J Mq;fpyj;jpy; mjpfkhf ifahsg;gLfpwJ. fpwp];Jtpd; ,ul;rpg;gpd; fphpiafspdhy; gydilgtHfspd; vz;zpf;if cyfj; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Ng mtuhy; njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;Nf (Kd; Fwpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;) kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd fy;tpdpr Nghjid $WfpwJ. ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jpUe;jhy; Kd;Fwpj;jypd; fy;tpdpr NghjidahdJ XH igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Vd;? epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhf Njtd; jPHkhdpj;j njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfspd; ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhf mtUila nrhe;j Fkhuid khpg;gjw;fhf mDg;Gthuhfpy; mJ kpfTk; mHj;jkw;wjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j nfhs;ifia tpRthrpg;gtHfs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ght eptHj;jpia tpsq;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xU rpy Fwpg;gpl;l Ntj gFjpfis Rl;bf;fhl;l KbAk;. cldbahf ghHf;Fk; nghOJ ,t; trdq;fs; xU rpy Fwpg;gpl;l kf;fSf;fhf khj;jpuNk khpj;jpUg;gJ Nghd;W Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. gy Ntjg;gFjpf;Fs;Ns fpwp];JthdtH “mNefUf;fhf” khpg;gJ Fwpj;J NgRfpwJ.

kj; 26:28 “,J ghtkd;dpg;Gz;lhFk;gb mNefUf;fhfr; rpe;jg;gLfpw GJ cld;gbf;iff;Fhpa vd;Dila ,uj;jkhapUf;fpwJ.”


vgp 2:10 Vndd;why; jkf;fhfTk; jk;khNyAk; rfyj;ijAk; cz;lhf;fpdth;> mNefk; gps;isfis kfpikapy; nfhz;Lte;J Nrh;f;ifapy; mth;fSila ,ul;rpg;gpd; mjpgjpia cgj;jputq;fspdhNy g+uzg;gLj;JfpwJ mtUf;Nfw;wjhapUe;jJ.

,jw;F vjpuhd nfhs;ifia nghJthf “fUJNfhs; midtu; kPl;Gf;nfhs;if” [hypothetical Universalism] vdg;gLk;. ,J vij Nghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;why; fpwp];J vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH. Mdhy; ,NaRtpd; fpUigapd; <it Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtUf;F kl;LNk mJ gypjkhFk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,ul;rpg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bajhf ,Ug;gjhy; “fUJNfhs;” vd;w thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. (Hypothetical universalism). Mk;> ,NaR vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH (fUJNfhshf)> Mdhy; ,e;j <T Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mij kWg;gtUf;F me;j ,ul;rpg;G gypf;fhJ. fy;tpdprthjpfs; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; Ntjhfk trdq;fs; gpd;tUtijg; Nghd;wit.

23

,J Fwpjj tplaj;jpy; fy;tpdprj;jpdJk; kw;iwaitfspdJk; epiyg;ghl;ilf; Fwpj;J ,e;j tphpTiuapd; Kbtpy; cs;s gf;f Muha;tpy; ghh;f;fTk;.(VII.E)


Nahth 17:9 ehd; mth;fSf;fhf Ntz;bf;nfhs;SfpNwd;@ cyfj;Jf;fhf Ntz;bf;nfhs;shky;> ePh; vdf;Fj; je;jth;fSf;fhf Ntz;bf;nfhs;SfpNwd;@ mth;fs; ck;Kilath;fshapUf;fpwhh;fNs.

fy;tpdprthjpfs; gpd;tUk; tpjkhf ,g;gFjpia typAWj;Jthh;fs;. ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghf Kd;Fwpf;fg;gl;ltHfSf;fhf (njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfs;) khj;jpuNk gpuj;jpNafkhf n[gpf;fpwhH. ,e;jf;nfhs;ifia vjpHf;Fk; MHkPdpaUk; kw;wtUk; vg;gb ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j thHj;ijfis ,g;gbahf tpahf;fpahdk;gz;ZfpwhHfs;. ahH jd;id tpRthrpg;ghHfs; vd Njtd; Kd;djhfNt mwpfpwhH. Kd;djhfNt ahH jd;id tpRthrpf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W mwpe;jpUe;jgbahy; mtHfSf;fhf n[gpf;fpwhH. fHj;jUila rHt Qhdj;ij Fwpj;j Ntjg;gFjpfSf;F gpd;tUk; trdq;fisg; ghHf;fTk;. rq; 139:14-16@ Nahth 1:45-51. ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l xU rpy kf;fSf;fhf my;y> jpl;ltl;lkhf vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH vd;gij njspthf Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; mNef Ntjtrdq;fs; cz;L vd;gijf; Fwpj;J ehd; ek;gpf;ifAilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;.

Nahth 1:29 kWehspNy Nahthd; ,NaRitj; jd;dplj;jpy; tuf;fz;L: ,Njh> cyfj;jpd; ghtj;ijr; Rke;JjPh;f;fpw Njt Ml;Lf;Fl;b.

jPj;J 2:11 Vnddpy; vy;yh kD\Uf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;ig mspf;fj;jf;f NjtfpUigahdJ gpurd;dkhfp…

1jPNkh 2:3-4.6 ek;Kila ,ul;rfuhfpa NjtDf;FKd;ghf mJ ed;ikAk; gphpaKkhapUf;fpwJ. vy;yh kD\Uk; (fpNuf;fj;jpy;: pántas anthrōpous) ,ul;rpf;fg;glTk;> rj;jpaj;ij mwpfpw mwpit milaTk;> mth; rpj;jKs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;… vy;yhiuAk; kPl;Fk;nghUshfj; (fpNuf;fj;jpy;: hyper pántōn) jk;ik xg;Gf;nfhLj;j kD\dhfpa fpwp];J ,NaR mtNu@ ,jw;Fhpa rhl;rp Vw;w fhyq;fspy; tpsq;fptUfpwJ.

gpd;tUk; Ntjg;gFjpfs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ght eptHj;jpia tpRthrpf;Fk; fy;tpdpr Nghjidia gpd;gw;WgtHfSf;F kpfTk; fbdkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

1jPNkh 4:10 ,jpdpkpj;jk; gpuahrg;gLfpNwhk;> epe;ijAk; milfpNwhk;@ Vnddpy; vy;yh kD\Uf;Fk;> tpNr\khf tpRthrpfSf;Fk; ,ul;rfuhfpa [PtDs;s Njtd;Nky; ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;fpNwhk;.

,q;Nf gTy; “tpNr\pj;j tpjkhf ahnuy;yhk; tpRthrpg;ghh;fNsh”) vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ ,NaRfpwp];J xU Fwpg;gpl;ltHfSf;fhf my;y. cz;ikapy; vy;yhUf;fhfTk; vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwhh;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,ul;rpg;gpd; fphpiaahdJ cz;ikapy; ahH jq;fis ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtjw;F mDkjpf;fpwhHfNsh mtHfSf;Nf gypjkhFk; (2 nfhhp 5:19-20).

1Nahth 2:2 ek;Kila ghtq;fis eptph;j;jp nra;fpw fpUghjhugyp mtNu@ ek;Kila ghtq;fis khj;jpuk; my;y> rh;tNyhfj;jpd; ghtq;fisAk; eptph;j;jp nra;fpw gypahapUf;fpwhh;.

2NgJ 2:1 fs;sj;jPh;fjhprpfSk; [dq;fSf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;jhh;fs;> mg;gbNa cq;fSf;Fs;Sk; fs;sg;Nghjfh;fs; ,Ug;ghh;fs;@ mth;fs; Nfl;Lf;NfJthd Ntjg;Gul;Lfisj; je;jpukha; Eioag;gz;zp> jq;fisf; fpuaj;Jf;Ff;nfhz;l Mz;ltiu kWjypj;J> jq;fSf;Fj; jPtpukhd mopit tUtpj;Jf;nfhs;Sthh;fs;. mth;fSila nfl;l elf;iffis mNefh; gpd;gw;Wthh;fs;@ mth;fs; epkpj;jk; rj;jpakhh;f;fk; J}\pf;fg;gLk;.

fs;sg;NghjfHfSf;fhfTk; fpuak; nrYj;jg;gl;bUf;Fkhdhy; ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH epr;rakhf tpjptpyf;fpy;yhjgb vy;yh kdpjHfSf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH vd;gij ,J fhl;LfpwJ. mijtpl ,d;Dk; xU cjhuzj;ijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. xU RtpN\rfd;


,NaR fpwp];J vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH vd tpRthrpf;fhtpl;lhy; “,NaR cdf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH> mtiu Vw;Wf;nfhs;> eP ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtha;”? vd;W vg;gb mtH jk;ik Nfl;gtHfSf;F nrhy;y KbAk;? fUJNfhs; midtu; kPl;Gf;nfhs;ifia Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; RtpN\rfh;fs; khj;jpue;jhd; (kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghteptHj;jpapd; cgNjrj;ij Nghjpf;Fk; fy;tpdprthjpfs; my;y) kpfTk; cWjpahf RtpN\rj;ij gpurq;fpf;f KbAk;.

fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; Njtd; ghtpf;F GJtho;it toq;f KbAk;. fpwp];J vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH. Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapd; fpUghrdkhf ,NaR fpwp];J khwpdhH. gioa cld;gbf;ifapy; cs;s rhl;rp ngl;bf;F NkYs;s ght eptHj;jpapd; tphpg;ig (Nytp 16) Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapy; cs;s ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fpUghjhu gypAld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk; (Nuhk 3:25). MfNt ,NaR fpwp];Jtplj;jpy; tUk; vtUk; fpUigiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;:

vgp 4:16 Mjyhy;> ehk; ,uf;fj;ijg; ngwTk;> Vw;w rkaj;jpy; rfhaQ;nra;Aq; fpUigia milaTk;> ijhpakha;f; fpUghrdj;jz;ilapNy Nruf;flNthk;.

,jd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; ehq;fs; fpUigapd; fhyj;ijf; Fwpj;J NgRfpNwhk;. ,NaRthdtH vy;yh kdpjUk; jk;kplj;jpy; tUtjw;F tpUk;GfpwhH. mg;gb mthplj;jpy; te;J fpUigapd; <it ngWgtHfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLthHfs;.

Nahth 12:32 Mjyhy;> ehk; ,uf;fj;ijg; ngwTk;> Vw;w rkaj;jpy; rfhaQ;nra;Aq; fpUigia milaTk;> ijhpakha;f; fpUghrdj;jz;ilapNy Nruf;flNthk;.

Nahth 6:37 gpjhthdth; vdf;Ff; nfhLf;fpwahTk; vd;dplj;jpy; tUk;@ vd;dplj;jpy; tUfpwtid ehd; Gwk;Ng js;Stjpy;iy.

Vrh 55:1-2 X> jhfkhapUf;fpwth;fNs> ePq;fs; vy;yhUk; jz;zPh;fsz;ilf;F

thUq;fs;@ gzkpy;yhjth;fNs> ePq;fs; te;J> thq;fpr; rhg;gpLq;fs;! ePq;fs; te;J> gzKkpd;wp tpiyAkpd;wpj; jpuhl;rurKk; ghYk; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ePq;fs; mg;gky;yhjjw;fhfg; gzj;ijAk;> jpUg;jpnra;ahj nghUSf;fhf cq;fs; gpuahrj;ijAk; nrytopg;ghNdd;? ePq;fs; vdf;Ff; ftdkha;r; nrtpnfhLj;J> eykhdijr; rhg;gpLq;fs;@ mg;nghOJ cq;fs; Mj;Jkh nfhOg;ghd gjhh;j;jj;jpdhy; kfpo;r;rpahFk;.

jkJ ghtq;fSf;fhf Njt Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdtH Clhf (ntsp 5:6.12) ekf;F mUsg;gLk; fpUigia cjhrPdk; nra;gtHfs; epahaj;jPh;g;gpd; ehspy; mtiu A+jhtpd; rpq;fkhfj;jhd; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk; (ntsp 5:5). Vnddpy; mJ Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdthpd; Nfhghf;fpiz ehshf ,Uf;Fk; (ntsp 6:16).

6. guNyhf gpujhd Mrhhpauhd ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Copak;

gpujhd Mrhhpauhf ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Copak; gioa Vw;ghl;bd; ,uz;L egHfshy; tpsq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtHfs; ,UtUNk gpujhd MrhhpaHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; MNuhDk; nky;fprNjf;FNk!

,e;j ,uz;L gpujhd MrhhpaHfisAk; xg;gpl;L ,NaR fpwp];J mit vg;gb epiwNtwpd vd;gij fhz;gpg;Ngd;.

a) mtiuf; Fwpj;J ,e;j G+kpf;Fhpa gpujhd Mrhhpadhf MNuhdpd; Copaj;ij ,NaR fpwp];J epiwNtw;wpdhH. ,e;j CopakhdJ tUlhe;j ghteptHj;jpapd; gz;bifapd; NghJ cr;rf;fl;lkile;jJ (nahk; fpg;g+H) ,e;j gz;bifahdJ gpd;tUk; Fzhjpraq;fis cilaJ.


tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiw (Nytp 16@ vgp 9:25) ,];uNty; [dq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; (Nytp 16:34@ vgp 7:11ff@ 9:7).

guNyhf gpujhd Mrhhpadhf nky;fprNjf;fpd; Copaj;ij ,t;thwhf epiwNtw;wpAs;shH: ,J epj;jpakhdJ (vgp 7:17-25@ 9:12) ,J cyfshtpaJ (vgp 8:1-9@ 9:24-26)

nrhd;dhw;; Nghy. nky;fprNjf;fpd; Njhw;wk; (fpwp];lnghdp=Christophany) khk;rkhjypd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghf ,Ue;j fpwp];Jtpd; Njhw;wk; vd epidf;fpNwd;. Vnddpy; vgpNuaUf;F vOjpa epUgj;jpy; mth; njhlf;fKk; KbTk; ,y;yhj epj;jpakhdtuhf ,Ue;jhh; vd nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ (vgp 7:3). mth; ,uh[hTk; MrhhpauhfTk; ,Ue;jhh; (vgp 7:1). ,J rhjhuz kdpjDf;F mDkjpaspf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,uh[hthfpa rTYf;Fk; crpah uh[htpw;Fk; ele;jijg; ghUq;fs; (1rhK 13:8ff@ 2ehsh 26:16ff).24

b) ,jd; fhyk; jd;Dila ,g;G+kpf;Fhpa ehl;fspy; ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH gpujhd Mrhhpaj;Jtj;jpw;fhd mbf;fy;iy xNu jlitapy; ehl;bAs;shH. mtH jk;ikj; jhNk rpYitapy; gypahf xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhH. Nahth 19:30 ,NaR fhbia thq;fpdgpd;G> “Kbe;jJ” 25 vd;W nrhy;yp> jiyiar;

rha;j;J> Mtpia xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhh;.

vgp 10:14 Vnddpy; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gLfpwth;fis xNu gypapdhNy ,th; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; g+uzg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;.

guNyhfj;jpy; ,NaRthdtH jk;Kila gpujhd Mrhhpaj;Jtj;ij epj;jpakhf epiwNtw;WfpwhH. mtH nky;fpNrNjf;fpd; Kiwikapd;gbNa vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; epj;jpakhf gpujhd Mrhhpauhf ,Uf;fpwhH.

vgp 7:24-25 ,tNuh vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; epiyj;jpUf;fpwgbapdhNy> khwpg;Nghfhj Mrhhpaj;JtKs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;. NkYk;> jkJ %ykha;j; Njtdplj;jpy; NrUfpwth;fSf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;Ak;gbf;F mth; vg;nghOJk; capNuhbUf; fpwtuhifahy; mth;fis Kw;WKba ,ul;rpf;f ty;ytuhAkpUf;fpwhh;.

c) mjd; gyd; ,e;j G+kpapy; mtH gpujhd Mrhhpadhf ,Ue;j NghJ rpYitapy; mtUila kPl;gpd; fphpiaapd; epkpj;jk; KO cyfj;ijAk; Nrtpj;jhH. 1Nahth 2:2 ek;Kila ghtq;fis eptph;j;jp nra;fpw fpUghjhugyp mtNu@

ek;Kila ghtq;fis khj;jpuk; my;y> rh;tNyhfj;jpd; ghtq;fisAk; eptph;j;jp nra;fpw gypahapUf;fpwhh;.

24

nky;fpNrNjf;fpd; Fwpj;j ghlj;ij kpf mjpfkhf mwpe;Jnfhs;s vgpNuaUf;fhd vd;Dila tpahf;fpahd ciuia ghHf;fTk;. 25 fpNuf;fj;jpy; ,t;tpidr; nrhy;yhdJ ,we;j fhyj;jpYs;sJ: nlnlny];nla; [tetélestai] vd;w gjkhdJ nlypNah [teléō] vd;w gjj;jpypUe;J tUfpd;wJ. ,jd; mHj;jk; Kbg;gJ> G+uzuhf;FtJ> epiwNtw;WtJ. ,e;j ele;J Kbe;j fhyj;ij Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;yhdJ. xU epfo;tpd; Kbit fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. mjd;epkpj;jk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; jpahf gypahd kuzk; xNuabahf xNu jlitahf epiwNtw;wp Kbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk;> mJ epj;jpa epj;jpakha; gydspf;f $baJ (mjhtJ ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;gpw;F ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gypia Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltHfSf;fhf) vd;Wk; ehk; $w KbAk;.


vgp 10:10 ,NaRfpwp];JtpDila rhPuk; xNujuk; gypaplg;gl;ljpdhNy> me;jr; rpj;jj;jpd;gb ehk; ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;.

xU guNyhf gpujhd Mrhhpadhf mtH gpuj;jpNafkhf jd;dhy; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;fhf Copak; nra;fpwhH. Nuhk 8:34 Mf;fpidf;Fs;shfj; jPh;f;fpwtd; ahh;? fpwp];JNt khpj;jth;@ mtNu

vOe;JkpUf;fpwth;@ mtNu NjtDila tyJghhprj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwth;@ ekf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;fpwtUk; mtNu.


1Nahth 2:1 vd; gps;isfNs> ePq;fs; ghtQ;nra;ahjgbf;F ,itfis cq;fSf;F

vOJfpNwd;@ xUtd; ghtQ;nra;thdhdhy; ePjpguuhapUf;fpw ,NaRfpwp];J ekf;fhfg; gpjhtpdplj;jpy; ghpe;J NgRfpwtuhapUf;fpwhh;.

xU gpujhd Mrhhpauhf ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH ,g;g+kpapy; vq;fSf;fhf vd;dj;ij nra;J Kbj;jhNuh mjd; mbg;gilapy; gpjhtpw;F Kd;gjhf vq;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;JfpwhH. xU epj;jpa gpujhd Mrhhpadhf rpYitapy; jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;$lhf rk;ghjpj;j ,ul;rpg;ig jk;kplj;jpy; tUNthUf;F mUSfpwhH. (vgp 7:24-25).

Nytpa Mrhhpaj;Jtk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ,J Mrhhpaj;Jtj;jpd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspdhYk; xU ghhpa khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;fpAs;sJ. vgpNua epUgk; ,jidf; Fwpj;J ekf;F jfty;fisj; jUfpwJ.

vgp 7:11-28 Gjpa Mrhhpaj;Jtk; (nky;fprNjf;fpd; Kiwikapd;gb epj;jpakhdJ)!

vgp 8: 6-7.13 Gjpa cld;gbf;if epj;jpakhdJ!

vgp 9:1-28 Gjpa Mrhhpg;Gf; $lhuk; (Vnddpy; guNyhfj;jpw;FhpaJ)!

vgp 10:11-18 Gjpa gyp epj;jpakhdJ (Vnddpy; NjtFkhudhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tpiyNawg;ngw;w ,uj;jk; kpUf gypia Gwk;Ng js;spaJ)!

MNyhrid: Ntjhfkj;jpy; 400f;F Nkw;gl;l Ntjg;gFjpfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;ij Fwpj;J NgRfpwJ. ,J kpf mjp Kf;fpakhd fUg;nghUshfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ek;Kila gioa fPHj;jid ghly;fspy; ,NaRtpd; ,uj;jj;ij Fwpj;J mjpfkha; NgRfpd;w ghly;fs; mNefk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk;> etPd ghly; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;ij Fwpj;j ghly;fs; FiwthfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,ijf; Fwpj;J ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Gjpa cld;gbf;ifapy; ,uj;jk;:

kj; 26:28 ,J ghtkd;dpg;Gz;lhFk;gb mNefUf;fhfr; rpe;jg;gLfpw GJ cld;gbf;iff;Fhpa vd;Dila ,uj;jkhapUf;fpwJ.

vgp 13:20-21 epj;jpa cld;gbf;ifapd; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy MLfSila nghpa Nka;g;guhd ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRit khpj;NjhhpypUe;J Vwptug;gz;zpd rkhjhdj;jpd; Njtd;> ,NaRfpwp];Jitf;nfhz;L jkf;FKd;ghfg; gphpakhdij cq;fspy; elg;gpj;J> ePq;fs; jk;Kila rpj;jj;jpd;gbnra;a cq;fisr; rfytpj ew;fphpiaapYk; rPh;nghUe;jpdth;fshf;Fthuhf@ mtUf;F vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; kfpik cz;lhtjhf. Mnkd;.


,e;j G+kpapy; Njtdpd; rhl;rp:

1 Nahth 5:7-8 G+Nyhfj;jpNy rhl;rpapLfpwitfs; %d;W: Mtp> [yk;> ,uj;jk; vd;gitfNs> ,k;%d;Wk; xUikg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

kPl;gpd; mbg;gil:

vNg 1:7 mtUila fpUigapd; IRthpaj;jpd;gbNa ,tUila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ghtkd;dpg;ghfpa kPl;G ,tUf;Fs; ekf;F cz;lhapUf;fpwJ.

vgp 9:12 nts;shl;Lf;flh> ,sq;fhis ,itfSila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy my;y> jk;Kila nrhe;j ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; xNujuk; kfh ghpRj;j ];jyj;jpNy gpuNtrpj;J> epj;jpa kPl;ig cz;Lgz;zpdhh;.

,jd; mHj;jk; ,jw;$lhf ehk; ght kd;dpg;ig ngw KbAk;:

vgp 9:22 epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;gb nfhQ;rq;Fiwa vy;yhk; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLk;@ ,uj;jQ;rpe;Jjypy;yhky; kd;dpg;G cz;lhfhJ.

1Nahth 1:7 mth; xspapypUf;fpwJNghy ehKk; xspapNy ele;jhy; xUtNuhnlhUth; If;fpag;gl;bUg;Nghk;@ mtUila Fkhudhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jk; rfy ghtq;fisAk; ePf;fp> ek;ikr; Rj;jpfhpf;Fk;.

vgp 9:14 epj;jpa MtpapdhNy jk;ikj;jhNk gOjw;w gypahfj; NjtDf;F xg;Gf;nfhLj;j fpwp];JtpDila ,uj;jk; [PtDs;s NjtDf;F CopaQ;nra;tjw;F cq;fs; kdr;rhl;rpiar; nrj;j fphpiafswr; Rj;jpfhpg;gJ vt;tsT epr;rak;!

ePjpkhdhf;fg;gly;:

Nuhk 5:9 ,g;gb ehk; mtUila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gl;bUf;f> Nfhghf;fpidf;F ePq;fyhf mtuhNy ehk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtJ mjpf epr;rakhNk.

NjtDf;F mUfpy; nfhz;Ltug;gly;:

vNg 2:13 Kd;Nd J}ukhapUe;j ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs; fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy rkPgkhdPh;fs;.

vgp 10:19. 20 Mifahy;> rNfhjuNu> ehk; ghpRj;j];jyj;jpy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ekf;Fj; ijhpak; cz;lhapUf;fpwgbapdhYk;…

rkhjhdj;jpd; mbj;jsk;:

nfhNyh 1:20 mth; rpYitapy; rpe;jpd ,uj;jj;jpdhNy rkhjhdj;ij cz;lhf;fp> g+Nyhfj;jpYs;sitfs; guNyhfj;jpYs;sitfs; ahitAk; mth; %ykha; jkf;F xg;Guthf;fpf;nfhs;sTk; mtUf;Fg; gphpakhapw;W.

vNg 2:15-16 …rl;ljpl;lq;fshfpa epahag;gpukhzj;ijj; jk;Kila khk;rj;jpdhNy xopj;J> ,Ujpwj;jhiuAk; jkf;Fs;shf xNu Gjpa kD\dhfr; rpU\;bj;J> ,g;gbr; rkhjhdk;gz;zp>gifiar; rpYitapdhy; nfhd;W> mjpdhNy ,Ujpwj;jhiuAk; xNu rhPukhfj; NjtDf;F xg;Guthf;fpdhh;.

NjtDf;fhff; nfhs;sg;gl;Nlhk;:

mg; 20:28 Mifahy;> cq;fisf;Fwpj;Jk;> Njtd; jk;Kila Rauj;jj;jpdhNy rk;ghjpj;Jf;nfhz;l jkJ rigia Nka;g;gjw;Fg; ghpRj;jMtp cq;fisf; fz;fhzpfshf itj;j ke;ij KOtijAq;Fwpj;Jk;> vr;rhpf;ifahapUq;fs;.


ntsp 5:9 NjthPh; G];jfj;ij thq;fTk; mjpd; Kj;jpiufis cilf;fTk; ghj;jpuuhapUf;fpwPh;@ Vnddpy; ePh; mbf;fg;gl;L> rfy Nfhj;jpuq;fspYk; ghi\f;fhuhpYk; [dq;fspYk; [hjpfspYkpUe;J vq;fisj; NjtDf;nfd;W ck;Kila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy kPl;Lf;nfhz;L…

Njt kdpjDldhd If;fpaj;jpd; mbj;jsk;:

Nahth 6:56 vd; khk;rj;ijg; Grpj;J> vd; ,uj;jj;ijg; ghdk;gz;Zfpwtd; vd;dpNy epiyj;jpUf;fpwhd;> ehDk; mtdpNy epiyj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

1nfhhp 10:16 ehk; MrPh;tjpf;fpw MrPh;thjj;jpd; ghj;jpuk; fpwp];JtpDila ,uj;jj;jpd; If;fpakhapUf;fpwjy;yth? ehk; gpl;fpw mg;gk; fpwp];JtpDila rhPuj;jpd; If;fpakhapUf;fpwjy;yth?

ek;Kila ghpRj;jkhFjy;:

vgp 13:12 me;jg;gbNa> ,NaRTk; jk;Kila nrhe;j ,uj;jj;jpdhNy [dj;ijg; ghpRj;jQ;nra;Ak;gbahf efuthrYf;Fg; Gwk;Ng ghLgl;lhh; (vgp 10:14)

rhj;jhDf;F Nkyhd ntw;wp:

ntsp 12:11 kuzk; NehpLfpwjhapUe;jhYk; mjw;Fj; jg;Gk;gb jq;fs; [PtidAk; ghuhky;> Ml;Lf;Fl;bapd; ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; jq;fs; rhl;rpapd; trdj;jpdhYk; mtid n[apj;jhh;fs;.

guNyhfj;jpy; kPl;fg;gl;Nlhhpd; Muhjidapd; ikag; nghUs;.

ntsp 5:9-10 “NjthPh; G];jfj;ij thq;fTk; mjpd; Kj;jpiufis cilf;fTk; ghj;jpuuhapUf;fpwPh;@ Vnddpy; ePh; mbf;fg;gl;L> rfy Nfhj;jpuq;fspYk; ghi\f;fhuhpYk; [dq;fspYk; [hjpfspYkpUe;J vq;fisj; NjtDf;nfd;W ck;Kila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy kPl;Lf;nfhz;L> vq;fs; NjtDf;FKd;ghf vq;fis uh[hf;fSk; Mrhhpah;fSkhf;fpdPh;@ ehq;fs; g+kpapNy murhSNthk;” vd;W Gjpa ghl;ilg; ghbdhh;fs;.

,itnay;yhNk fpwp];Jtpd; tpiyNawg;ngw;w ,uj;jj;ijf; Fwpj;J mg;. NgJU Vd; NgRfpwhH vd tpsf;FfpwJ:

1 NgJ 1:19 Fw;wkpy;yhj khrw;w Ml;Lf;Fl;bahfpa fpwp];Jtpd; tpiyNawg;ngw;w ,uj;jj;jpdhNy kPl;fg;gl;Bh;fnsd;W mwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fNs.

D. fpwp];Jtpd; ,uh[hPf Copak;

gioa Vw;ghL tug;NghFk; ,uh[hitf; Fwpj;J mjpf jlitfs; NgRfpwJ.

Mjp 49:10 rkhjhd fh;j;jh; tUksTk; nrq;Nfhy; a+jhittpl;L ePq;FtJk; ,y;iy> epahag;gpukhzpf;fd; mtd; ghjq;fis tpl;L xoptJk; ,y;iy@ [dq;fs; mthplj;jpy; NrUthh;fs;.

2rhK 7:12-13 cd; ehl;fs; epiwNtwp> eP cd; gpjhf;fNshNl epj;jpiugz;Zk;NghJ> ehd; cdf;Fg;gpd;G cd; fh;g;gg;gpwg;ghfpa cd; re;jjpia vOk;gg;gz;zp> mtd; uh[;aj;ij epiyg;gLj;JNtd;. mtd; vd; ehkj;Jf;nfd;W xU Myaj;ijf; fl;Lthd;@ mtd; uh[;a ghuj;jpd; rpq;fhrdj;ij vd;iwf;Fk; epiyf;fg;gz;ZNtd;.


Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; ,NaR fpwp];J ekJ ,uh[hthf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwhH. tpN\lkhf> kj;NjAtpd; RtpN\rj;jpy; (,uh[hTk; mtuJ ,uh[;aKk;) mtUila gpwg;gpd; mwptpg;gpy; ,Ue;Nj mtuJ epj;jpa ,uh[;aj;ijf; Fwpj;j Fwpg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ:

Y}f; 1:33 mth; ahf;Nfhgpd; FLk;gj;jhiu vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; murhSthh;@ mtUila uh[;aj;Jf;F KbtpuhJ vd;whd;.

Y}f; 2:11 ,d;W fh;j;juhfpa fpwp];J vd;Dk; ,ul;rfh; cq;fSf;Fj; jhtPjpd; ChpNy

gpwe;jpUf;fpwhh;.

Jujpu;\;ltrkhf> ,uh[hthfpa fpwp];J jkJ nrhe;j [dq;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhky; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lhH. xU jlit mtuJ Kd;Ndhbahd Nahthd; ];ehdfDf;F $l ,e;j fUj;ijf; Fwpj;j re;Njfq;fs; ,Ue;jd. ,jd; vy;yhtw;wpw;F kj;jpapYk; jPHf;f jhprdj;jpw;F Vw;g ,NaRthdtH XH ,uh[hthf vUrNyKf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jhH (kj; 21:4-5). mtH gpyhj;Jtpdhy; tpdhtg;gl;l NghJ mtH jd;Dila ,uh[;aj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH.

Nahth 18:36-37 ,NaR gpujpAj;jukhf: vd; uh[;ak; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;Fhpajy;y> vd; uh[;ak; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;Fhpajhdhy; ehd; a+jhplj;jpy; xg;Gf;nfhLf;fg;glhjgbf;F vd; Copaf;fhuh; NghuhbapUg;ghh;fNs@ ,g;gbapUf;f vd; uh[;ak; ,t;tplj;jpw;Fhpajy;y vd;whh;. mg;nghOJ gpyhj;J mtiu Nehf;fp: “mg;gbahdhy; eP uh[hNth” vd;whd;. ,NaR gpujpAj;jukhf: “ePh; nrhy;Yfpwgb ehd; uh[hjhd;@” rj;jpaj;ijf;Fwpj;Jr; rhl;rpnfhLf;f ehd; gpwe;Njd;> ,jw;fhfNt ,e;j cyfj;jpy; te;Njd;@ rj;jpathd; vtDk; vd; rj;jk; Nfl;fpwhd; vd;whh;.

Jujpu;\;ltrkhf kf;fs; mtUf;F vjpuhf rj;jkpl;L mtiu Mf;fpizf;Fl;gLj;jpdhHfs;:

Nahth 19:15 mth;fs;: ,tid mfw;Wk; mfw;Wk;> rpYitapy; miwAk; vd;W rj;jkpl;lhh;fs;. mjw;Fg; gpyhj;J: cq;fs; uh[hit ehd; rpYitapy; miwayhkh vd;whd;. gpujhd Mrhhpah; gpujpAj;jukhf: ,uhaNday;yhky; vq;fSf;F NtNw uh[h ,y;iy vd;whh;fs;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; cjhuzq;fspy; xd;wpy; mtH jhk; kf;fshy; epuhfhpf;fg;gLtij Kd;dwptpj;jhH.

Y}f; 19:14 ….,td; vq;fs;Nky; uh[hthapUf;fpwJ vq;fSf;F kdjpy;iynad;W… mtUila gpwg;igj; njhlh;e;J fpwp];Jtpd; ,uh[hPf Copak; XH ajhh;j;jkhf te;jJ. mtUila fHj;jj;Jtj;jpd; Mtpf;Fhpa ajhHj;jkhdJ mtuJ guNkWjiyAk; Kb #l;lg;gliyAk; njhlHe;J te;jJ.

1. guNyhfj;jpy; rHt ty;ythpd; rpq;fhrdj;jpd; tyJ ghhprj;jpy; cl;fhHe;jpUj;jy;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; caHj;jg;gLj;jypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;dntdpy;> guNyhfj;jpy; mtuJ Kb#l;lg;gLjy; MFk;.

vgp 8:1 Nkw;nrhy;ypaitfspd; Kf;fpakhd nghUnsd;dntdpy;: guNyhfj;jpYs;s kfj;Jt Mrdj;jpd; tyJghhprj;jpNy cl;fhh;e;jpUf;fpwtUkha;…

,dp tu ,Uf;Fk; xU fhj;jpUf;Fk; epiyia ,g;NghJ vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH:


rq; 110:1 fh;j;jh; vd; Mz;ltiu Nehf;fp: ehd; ck;Kila rj;JUf;fis ckf;Fg; ghjgbahf;fpg; NghLk;tiuf;Fk;> ePh; vd;Dila tyJghhprj;jpy; cl;fhUk; vd;whh;.

,uh[h vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhNuh mq;Nf mtuJ FbfSk; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. fpwp];Jtpd; ,uh[;aj;jpd; gpukhzq;fs; Mtpf;Fhpaitfsha; ,Uf;fpwgbapdhy; mtuJ ,uh[;aj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpw;F ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; mUs;khhp Kd;djhfNt Njitg;gl;lJ.

1nfhhp 12:3 Mjyhy;> NjtDila MtpapdhNy NgRfpw vtDk; ,NaRitr; rgpf;fg;gl;ltndd;W nrhy;ykhl;lhndd;Wk;> ghpRj;j MtpapdhNyad;wp ,NaRitf; fh;j;jnud;W xUtDk; nrhy;yf;$lhnjd;Wk;> cq;fSf;Fj; njhptpf;fpNwd;.

,NaR fpwp];J ,e;j G+kpapy; tho;e;j fhyj;jpd; NghJ ,g;gb $wpdhH:

Nahth 18:36 ,NaR gpujpAj;jukhf: vd; uh[;ak; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;Fhpajy;y> vd; uh[;ak; ,t;Tyfj;jpw;Fhpajhdhy; ehd; a+jhplj;jpy; xg;Gf;nfhLf;fg;glhjgbf;F vd; Copaf;fhuh; NghuhbapUg;ghh;fNs@ ,g;gbapUf;f vd; uh[;ak; ,t;tplj;jpw;Fhpajy;y vd;whh;.

,e;j ,uh[;ak; XH fpUigapd; ,uh[;ak;!

vgp 4:16 Mjyhy;> ehk; ,uf;fj;ijg; ngwTk;> Vw;w rkaj;jpy; rfhaQ;nra;Aq; fpUigia milaTk;> ijhpakha;f; fpUghrdj;jz;ilapNy Nruf;flNthk;.

rpe;jpg;gjw;F rpy fhhpaq;fs;: ,jd; tpisthf ek;Kila tho;tpw;F Njitahd eilKiw fhhpaq;fs; vOk;Gfpd;wd.

ve;j mstpw;F ek; tho;it MStjw;F ehk; ,NaR fpwp];Jit mDkjpf;fpNwhk;? fyh 2:20y; mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTyhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpukhzk; ek;Kila kdg;ghd;ikaha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. “,dp ehd; my;y> fpwp];JNt vdf;Fs; gpioj;jpUf;fpwhh;@ ehd; ,g;nghOJ khk;rj;jpy; gpioj;jpUf;fpwNjh> vd;dpy; md;G$h;e;J vdf;fhfj; jk;ikj;jhNk xg;Gf;nfhLj;j NjtDila Fkhuidg;gw;Wk; tprthrj;jpdhNy gpioj;jpUf;fpNwd;”.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fHj;jj;Jtk; vg;gbahf ek; tho;tpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mtUila kfpikf;F Vw;wthW ehk; tho;fpNwhkh? NtWgphpf;fg;gl;l ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gLjypYk; ek; [Ptpak; fHj;jiu fdg;gLj;Jfpwjh? (xg;. Nuhk 6:10-22@ 12:1-2@ 1NgJ 3:15).

2. jhtPjpd; rpq;fhrdj;jpd; Nky;.

jk;Kila Kjyhk; tUifapd; NghJ ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jhtPjpd; guk;giuapduhy; jtwhf Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;L epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lhH (Nahth 1:11). Mdhy;> mtuJ ,uz;lhk; tUifapy; milahsq;fhzg;gl;L mtHfshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLthH:

rf 12:10 ehd; jhtPJ FLk;gj;jhhpd;NkYk; vUrNyk; Fbfspd;NkYk; fpUigapd; MtpiaAk; tpz;zg;gq;fspd; MtpiaAk; Cw;WNtd;@ mg;nghOJ mth;fs; jhq;fs; Fj;jpd vd;id Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;J> xUtd;jd; xNu NgwhdtDf;fhfg; Gyk;GfpwJNghy vdf;fhfg; Gyk;gp> xUtd; jd; jiyr;rd; gps;isf;fhfj; Jf;fpf;fpwJNghy vdf;fhf kdq;fre;J Jf;fpg;ghh;fs;.

fpwp];J rpYitapy; khpj;j NghJ jPHf;fjhprpahd rfhpahtpd; ,e;j jPHf;fjhprdk; Kjd; Kiwahf epiwNtwpaJ (Nahth 19:37). ,J mtuJ ,uz;lhk; tUifapy; Kw;whf epiwNtWk; (ntsp 1:7).


Xrp 3:5 gpd;G ,];uNty; Gj;jpuh; jpUk;gp> jq;fs; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jiuAk;> jq;fs; uh[hthfpa jhtPijAk; Njb> filrpehl;fspy; fh;j;jiuAk;> mtUila jaitAk; ehb mQ;rpf;ifaha; tUthh;fs;.

vNr 37:24 vd; jhrdhfpa jhtPJ vd;gth; mth;fs;Nky; uh[hthf ,Ug;ghh;@ mth;fs; vy;yhUf;Fk; xNu Nka;g;gh; ,Ug;ghh;@ mg;nghOJ mth;fs; vd; epahaq;fspy; ele;J> vd; fl;lisfisf; iff;nfhz;L> mitfspd;gbNa nra;J…

fpwp];Jtpd; kPs;tUifapy; fHj;jiu ,dq;fz;L Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtHfs; Nky; ghpRj;j MtpahdtH mUs;khhpaha; nghopag;gLthH.

rf 12:10 ehd; jhtPJ FLk;gj;jhhpd;NkYk; vUrNyk; Fbfspd;NkYk; fpUigapd; MtpiaAk; tpz;zg;gq;fspd; MtpiaAk; Cw;WNtd;@ (ntsp 1:7)

NahNt 2:28 (3:1) mjw;Fg; gpd;G ehd; khk;rkhd ahth;NkYk; vd; Mtpia

Cw;WNtd;@ Nuhk 11:26 ,e;jg;gpufhuk; ,];uNtynuy;yhUk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLthh;fs;. kPl;fpwth;

rPNahdpypUe;J te;J> mtgf;jpia ahf;Nfhigtpl;L> tpyf;Fthh;. fpwp];Jtpd; ,uh[;ak; rkhjhdj;jpd; ,uh[;akha; ,Uf;Fk; (Vrh 9: 6-7).

3. NjtDilaJk; Ml;Lf;Fl;bahdthpdJk; rpq;fhrdj;jpy;

vy;yhk; ,Wjpapy; xg;Gf;nfhLf;fg;gLk; nghOJ (,e;j G+kpapy; Nkrpahtpd; Ml;rpapd; NghJ: ntsp 5:10@ rf 14:9) FkhuDk; gpjhtpw;F ,uh[;aj;ij xg;Gf;nfhLj;J jhKk; mtUf;F fPo;g;gl;bUg;ghH (xg;. 1nfhhp 15:23-28). mJjhd; GJ rpU\;bAk; ,Wjpapy; epj;jpaKkha; ,Uf;Fk; (xg;. ntsp 21:23@ 22:1-3).26

VI. fpwp];JtpDila capHj;njOjYk; guNkWjYk;.

A. fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy;.

1. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;.

Gjpa Vw;ghL 100 jlitfSf;F Nkyhf NgRk; mstpw;F ,ul;rpg;gpd; tuyhw;wpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy; mjpKf;fpakhdjha; fhzg;gLfpwJ. gTy; nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa Kjyhk; epUgj;jpy; capHj;njOjYf;F 500f;F Nkw;gl;l rhl;rpfs; ,Ue;jjhf Fwpg;gpLfpwhH:

1nfhhp 15:5 NfghTf;Fk;> gpd;G gd;dpUtUf;Fk; jhprdkhdhh;.

1nfhhp 15:6 mjd;gpd;G mth; Ie;E}WNgUf;F mjpfkhd rNfhjuUf;Fk; xNuNtisapy; jhprdkhdhh;@ mth;fspy; mNefh; ,e;ehs;tiuf;Fk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;> rpyh; khj;jpuk; epj;jpiuaile;jhh;fs;.

1nfhhp 15:7 gpd;G ahf;NfhGf;Fk;> mjd;gpd;G mg;Ngh];jynuy;yhUf;Fk; jhprdkhdhh;.

26 ,ijf; Fwpj;J NkYk; mwpa vdJ “Ntjhfk ,Wjpapay;” kw;Wk; “NahthDf;fhd ntspg;gLj;jy;” vd;w tphpTiuiag; ghHf;fTk;.


1nfhhp 15:8 vy;yhUf;Fk; gpd;G> mfhyg;gpwtpNghd;w vdf;Fk; (mg;. gTy;) jhprdkhdhh;.

,NaRtpd; capHj;njOjy; vt;tsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd rhj;jhd; $l mwpe;jpUf;fpwhd;. mjdhy; jhd; capHj;njOjy; tuyhw;wpd;gb ep&gpf;fg;glf;$baJ my;y vd;Wk;> ,J mtUila rP\Hfspd; XH tQ;rfk; vd;Wk;> fpwp];jt tpRthrj;jpw;F gifQHfspd; ,Ujaj;jpy; mijg;gjpg;gjw;F mtd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Kaw;rp vLj;Js;shd;.

kj; 28:13 ehq;fs; epj;jpiugz;Zifapy;> mtDila rP\h;fs; ,uhj;jphpapNy te;J> mtidf; fstha;f; nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;lhh;fs;. vd;W nrhy;Yq;fs;.

a) Ntjthf;fpaq;fs; epr;rakha; epiwNtw Ntz;Lk;.

rq; 16:10 vd; Mj;Jkhitg; ghjhsj;jpy; tpBh;@ ck;Kila ghpRj;jthid mopitf; fhznthl;Bh; (mg; 2:27-32)

Y}f; 24:44-46 mth;fis Nehf;fp: “NkhNrapd; epahag;gpukhzj;jpYk; jPh;f;fjhprpfspd; Mfkq;fspYk; rq;fPjq;fspYk; vd;idf;Fwpj;J vOjpapUf;fpwitfnsy;yhk; epiwNtwNtz;banjd;W> ehd; cq;fNshbUe;j NghJ cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Lte;j tpNr\q;fs; ,itfNs” vd;whh;.

kj; 20:19 mtiug; ghpahrk;gz;zTk;> thhpdhy; mbf;fTk;> rpYitapy; miwaTk; Gw[hjpahhplj;jpy; xg;Gf;nfhLg;ghh;fs;@ MfpYk; %d;whk; ehspNy mth; capNuhNl vOe;jpUg;ghh; vd;whh;.

,jdhy; jhd; capHj;njOjiyf; Fwpj;j XH nghpa mjpfhuj;ij gpd;tUk; thHj;ijfspy; Muk;gpj;J itf;fpwhH.

1nfhhp 15:4 …mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;L> Ntjthf;fpaq;fspd;gb %d;whk;ehspy; caph;j;njOe;J>…

b) mg;Ngh];jyHfspd; gpurq;fj;jpd; ikag;nghUs; ,NaRfpwp];J capHj;njohky; khpj;NjhUf;Fs;NsNa ,Ue;jpUg;ghuhdhy; fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;ijf; Fwpj;j gpurq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fk; vd;dthf ,Ue;jpUf;f KbAk;.

Nuhk 8:34 Mf;fpizf;Fs;shfj; jPh;f;fpwtd; ahh;? fpwp];JNt khpj;jth;@ mtNu vOe;JkpUf;fpwth;@ mtNu NjtDila tyJghhprj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwth;@ ekf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;fpwtUk; mtNu.

1nfhhp 15:17 fpwp];J vOe;jpuhtpl;lhy;> cq;fs; tpRthrk; tPzhapUf;Fk;@ ePq;fs; ,d;Dk; cq;fs; ghtq;fspy; ,Ug;gPh;fs;.

mg;Ngh];jy elgbfshdJ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; ntw;wp thifapdhy; epiwe;jpUf;fpd;wJ:

mg; 2:24 Njtd; mtUila kuz cghjpfspd; fl;il mtpo;j;J> mtiu vOg;gpdhh;. mth; kuzj;jpdhy; fl;lg;gl;bUf;ff;$lhjpUe;jJ.

mg; 2:32 ,e;j ,NaRitj; Njtd; vOg;gpdhh;@ ,jw;F ehq;fnsy;yhUk; rhl;rpfshapUf;fpNwhk;.


mg; 3:15 [Pthjpgjpiaf; nfhiynra;jPh;fs;@ mtiuj; Njtd; khpj;NjhhpypUe; njOg;gpdhh;@ mjw;F ehq;fs; rhl;rpfshapUf;fpNwhk;.

mg; 4:10 cq;fshy; rpYitapy; miwag;gl;ltUk;> Njtdhy; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gg;gl;ltUkhapUf;fpw erNuadhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNyNa ,td; cq;fSf;F Kd;ghfr; nrh];jkha; epw;fpwhndd;W cq;fnsy;yhUf;Fk;> ,];uNty; [dq;fnsy;yhUf;Fk; njhpe;jpUf;ff;fltJ.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;njOjypd; nra;jpahdJ RtpN\rj;jpd; kWghjp@ Kjw; ghjpahdJ mtuJ gjpyhs; (gpujpaPL) kuzk; :

1nfhhp 15:3-4 ehd; mile;jJk; cq;fSf;Fg; gpujhdkhf xg;Gtpj;jJk; vd;dntd;why;> fpwp];Jthdth; Ntjthf;fpaq;fspd;gb ekJ ghtq;fSf;fhf khpj;J> mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;L> Ntjthf;fpaq;fspd;gb %d;whk;ehspy; caph;j;njOe;J…

Nuhk 6:5 Mjyhy; mtUila kuzj;jpd; rhaypy; ehk; ,izf;fg;gl;lth;fshdhy;> mth; caph;j;njOjypd; rhaypYk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUg;Nghk;.

c) ek;Kila tpRthrk; epw;gJk; tPo;tJk; fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ.

“tpRthrk; Nfs;tpapdhy; tUk;…..” nra;jpahdJ fpwp];Jtpd; thHj;ijf;$lhf nrtpkLf;fg;gLfpwJ (Nuhk 10:17). Vnddpy;> mg;Ngh];jyUila nra;jpapd; ikag;nghUs; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjyha; ,Uf;fpwgbapdhy; mJ ek;Kila tpRthrj;jpdJk; rhl;rpapdJk; ikakhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nuhk 10:9 vd;dntd;why;> fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRit eP cd; thapdhNy mwpf;ifapl;L> Njtd; mtiu khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gpdhnud;W cd; ,Ujaj;jpNy tpRthrpj;jhy; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtha;. 1nfhhp 15:14-20 ek;Kila tpRthrj;jpw;Fk; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypw;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s cwitf; Fwpj;J njspthf NgRfpwJ. fpwp];J caph;j;njohtpl;lhy; :

vq;fSila gpurq;fk; tpUjh (V.14a) cq;fSila tpRthrKk; tpUjh (V.14b) ehKk; ngha; rhl;rpfsha; ,Ug;Nghk; (V15) ePq;fSk; ,d;Dk; cq;fSila ghtj;jpNyNa ,Ug;gPHfs;. (V.17) fpwp];JTf;Fs; khpj;jtHfSk; (epj;jpiuaile;jtHfSk;) nfl;Lg;

NghapUg;ghHfs; (V.18)

fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjyhdJ epr;rakhfNt ek;Kila tpRthrj;jpw;F ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

2. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; epfo;T

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH kuzj;jpypUe;J capNuhL vOg;gg;gl;lhH (nraw;ghl;Ltpid). Njtd; jk;Kila Fkhuid kuzj;jpypUe;J capNuhL vOg;gpdhH (nra;tpid). ghpRj;j vOj;Jf;fs; ,jid cWjp nra;fpwJ.

mg; 2:24 Njtd; mtUila kuz cghjpfspd; fl;il mtpo;j;J> mtiu vOg;gpdhh;. mth; kuzj;jpdhy; fl;lg;gl;bUf;ff;$lhjpUe;jJ.

Mdhy; gpd;tUk; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; thHj;ijfisAk; $l mtjhdpAq;fs;:


Nahth 10:18 xUtDk; mij vd;dplj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf;nfhs;skhl;lhd;@ ehNd mijf; nfhLf;fpNwd;> mijf; nfhLf;fTk; vdf;F mjpfhuk; cz;L> mij kWgbAk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; vdf;F mjpfhuk; cz;L. ,e;jf; fl;lisia vd; gpjhtpdplj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld; vd;whh;.

Nahth 2:19 cld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk; “,NaR mth;fSf;Fg; gpujpAj;jukhf: ,e;j Myaj;ij ,bj;Jg; NghLq;fs;> %d;W ehisf;Fs;Ns ,ij vOg;GNtd; vd;whh;.”

Nuhk 8:11 md;wpAk; ,NaRit khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gpdtUila Mtp cq;fspy; thrkhapUe;jhy;> fpwp];Jit khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gpdth; cq;fspy; thrkhapUf;fpw jk;Kila MtpapdhNy rhTf;NfJthd cq;fs; rhPuq;fisAk; caph;g;gpg;ghh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpypUe;J capHj;njOjyhdJ jphpj;Jtj;jpd; %d;W egHfspd; fphpiaNa vd;w Kbtpw;F tuyhk;!

a) mjpfhuG+Htkhf ep&gpf;fg;glf;$ba capHj;njOjy;

,NaR fpwp];JthdtH nka;ahfNt capHj;njOe;jhH. mjd; mHj;jk; mtH khpj;jpUe;jhH. mtH cz;ikahfNt khpf;ftpy;iy vd;Wk; mtH RaczHtw;w epiyapNyNa ,Ue;jhH vd;Wk; gpd;dH fy;yiwapy; Raepidtpw;F te;jhH vd;Wk; rpyH tw;GWj;JfpwhHfs;. ghpRj;j NtjhfkkhdJ mtH cz;ikapNyNa khpj;jhH vd;Wk; gpd;dH capNuhL vOe;jhH vd;Wk; njl;lj;njspthff; $WfpwJ.

khw; 15:44-45 mth; ,j;jid rPf;fpuj;jpy; khpj;Jg;Nghdhuh vd;W gpyhj;J Mr;rhpag;gl;L> E}w;Wf;F mjpgjpia miog;gpj;J: mth; ,jw;Fs;Ns khpj;jJ epr;rakh vd;W Nfl;lhd;.E}w;Wf;F mjpgjpapdhNy mij mwpe;Jnfhz;lgpd;G> rhPuj;ij NahNrg;gpdplj;jpy; nfhLj;jhd;.

Nahth 19:33-35 mth;fs; ,NaRtpdplj;jpy; te;J> mth; khpj;jpUf;fpwijf; fz;L> mtUila fhnyYk;Gfis Kwpf;ftpy;iy. MfpYk; Nghh;r;Nrtfhpy; xUtd; <l;bapdhNy mtUila tpyhtpy; Fj;jpdhd;@ clNd ,uj;jKk; jz;zPUk; Gwg;gl;lJ. mijf; fz;ltd; rhl;rpnfhLf;fpwhd;> mtDila rhl;rp nka;ahapUf;fpwJ@ ePq;fs; tpRthrpf;Fk;gb> jhd; nrhy;YfpwJ nka;nad;W mtd; mwpe;jpUf;fpwhd;.

ntsp 1:18 khpj;Njd;> MdhYk;> ,Njh> rjhfhyq;fspYk; capNuhbUf;fpNwd;> Mnkd;@ ehd; kuzj;jpw;Fk; ghjhsj;jpw;FKhpa jpwTNfhy;fis cilatuhapUf;fpNwd;.

vd;dnthU khw;wk; mtH cz;ikapNyNa khpj;J tpl;lhH vd;gij cWjp nra;jJ mtHfSila vjphpfNs! Njtd; jk;Kila rHt Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpy; jk;Kila vjphpfisf; $l fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjYf;F mjpfhug;G+Ht cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rhl;rpahf gad;gLj;j KbAk; (xg;. kj; 27:62-66 kw;Wk; 28:11-15@ %lg;gl;l Kj;jpiuapl;l fy;yiwia fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j NghH tPuHfs; gpujhd MrhhpaHfshy; gpw;ghL gzk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhHfs;!).

b) rhPug; gpufhukhd capHj;njOjy;

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy; XH rhPug;gpufhukhd capHj;njOjy;. etPd thjk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;njOjiy epuhfhpf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. Mdhy;> ,J Ntjhfkj;jpd; rhl;rpf;F KudhdJ.

rq; 16:10 : ,e;j gFjp XH rhPu capHj;njOjiy Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. “vd; Mj;Jkhitg;ghjhsj;jpy; tpBh;@ ck;Kila ghpRj;jthid mopitf; fhznthl;Bh” mg; 2:31> rq; 16:10 I Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b mg; 2:31 mjid cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. “mtd; fpwp];JtpDila Mj;Jkh ghjhsj;jpNy tplg;gLtjpy;iynad;Wk;> mtUila khk;rk; mopitf; fhz;gjpy;iynad;Wk; Kd;dwpe;J> mth; caph;j;njOjiyf; Fwpj;J ,g;gbr; nrhd;dhd;”.


Nahth 20:5-8 : ntWikahd fy;yiw fHj;jhpd; capHj;njOjiyf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ.

Y}f; 24:36-43 kw;Wk; Nahth 20:25-28: mtUila rP\Hfs; kj;jpapy; ,NaR fhzg;gl;lJ. capHj;njOe;j mtUf;F XH rhPuk; ,Ue;jij fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ:

1. Y}f; 24:39 “ehd;jhd; vd;W mwpAk;gb> vd;iffisAk; vd; fhy;fisAk; ghUq;fs;> vd;idj; njhl;Lg;ghUq;fs;@ ePq;fs; fhz;fpwgb> vdf;F khk;rKk; vYk;GfSk; cz;lhapUf;fpwJNghy xU Mtpf;F ,uhNj vd;W nrhy;yp>..”

2. kj; 28:9@ Nahth 20:25-29: capHj;njOjYf;F gpw;ghL fHj;jhpd; jOk;Gfs; ntspg;gilaha; fhzg;gl;lJ (fhy;fs;> iffs;> tpyhtpy;).

3. mtH rhg;gpl;lhH> Fbj;jhH. (xg;. Y}f; 24:42-43@ Nahth 21:12-13@ mg; 10:40-41).

,NaR fpwp];J jk;Kila capHj;njOjYf;F gpw;ghL nfhLj;j rhl;rpiaAk; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. cjhuzkhf vk;khT+Uf;F NghFk; topapy; mtuJ ,uz;L rP\Hfis re;jpj;jJ. NjhkhTf;F jhprdkhdJ Y}f; 24:13ff>@ Nahth 20:24-19).

c) ,NaRtpd; capHj;njOjyhdJ jdpj;JtkhdJ

mJtiuf;Fk; capHj;njOjyhdJ ,e;j G+kpapy; tho;f;ifapd; njhlh;r;rpia Fwpg;gpLtjhf ,Ue;jJ. rhTf;NfJthd rhPuj;jpw;F jpUk;GtJk; gpd;dH me;j egH khpg;gJkha; fhzg;gl;lJ. fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjyhdJ xU kfpikahd rhPuj;ij milAk; capHj;njOjyhfTk; epj;jpaj;jpw;nfd;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtH kPz;Lk; xUNghJk; khpg;gjpy;iy.

Nuhk 6:9 khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOe;j fpwp];J ,dp khpg;gjpy;iynad;W mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;@ kuzk; ,dp mtiu Mz;Lnfhs;tjpy;iy.

ntsp 1:18 khpj;Njd;> MdhYk;> ,Njh> rjhfhyq;fspYk; capNuhbUf;fpNwd;> Mnkd;@ ehd; kuzj;jpw;Fk; ghjhsj;jpw;FKhpa jpwTNfhy;fis cilatuhapUf;fpNwd;.

3. capHj;njOjypd; tpisTfs;

a) ,NaR fpwp];JTf;F jhNk Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;. capHj;njOjy; mtUila nja;tPfj;Jtj;jpw;F ep&gdkha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ!

Nuhk 1:5 ghpRj;jKs;s Mtpapd;gb NjtDila Rjndd;W khpj;NjhhpypUe;J caph;j;njOe;jjpdhNy gykha;&gpf;fg;gl;l NjtFkhuDkhapUf;fpwhh;. ,NaR fpwp];J ek;Kila fh;j;jh;.

rpy jhuhsthj ,iwapayhsHfs; fUJtJ Nghd;W 27 capHj;njOe;jjpd; epkpj;jk; ,NaR fpwp];J NjtFkhudhf tutpy;iy. khwhf> cz;ikapy; capHj;njOjNy mtUila nja;tPfj; jd;ikf;F ep&gdkha; ,Ue;jJ. Nghjpf;fTk;> NjtFkhud; vd chpik ghuhl;Ltjw;Fk; mtUf;Fs;s mjpfhuj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ (xg;. kj; 12:38-40 kw;Wk; Nahth 2:13-22).

27

So for example the Neo-Hegelian Wolfhart Pannenberg who ascribes to the resurrection of Jesus Christ a retro-active effect. Compare Henri Blocher, Christologie, série FAC ETUDE (Vaux-sur-Seine, France: Faculté Libre de Théologie Evangélique, 1986), I, p. 140. Blocher summarises Pannenberg’s theory in the following words: “He believes in solving (it) all by attributing to the resurrection a retro-active effect with regard to being, in an ontological way.” (French original text: “Il croit tout résoudre en donnant à la résurrection une efficacité rétroactive quant à l’être, ontologiquement.”) I am willing to consider the ideas of those who think that the disciples (a posteriori, so to say) attributed to Jesus later on the title ‘Son of God’, but to suggest a retro-active ontological divine Sonship seems completely irrational to me.


kj; 28: 6 mth; ,q;Nf ,y;iy@ jhk; nrhd;dgbNa caph;j;njOe;jhh;@ fh;j;jiu itj;j ,lj;ij te;J ghUq;fs;@ ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjiy kWjypg;gJ mtuJ nja;tPfj;Jtj;ij kWjypg;gjw;F rkkhFk;!

b) tpRthrpfSf;fhd tpisTfs;

Nahth 14:19 ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rf;fhyj;jpNy cyfk; vd;idf; fhzhJ> ePq;fNsh vd;idf; fhz;gPh;fs;@ ehd; gpiof;fpwgbapdhy; ePq;fs; gpiog;gPh;fs;.

1) NjtDf;F Kd;ghf ehk; fpwp];Jtpd; ePjpapdhy; jhpg;gpf;fg;gLfpNwhk;.

Nuhk 4:25 mth; ek;Kila ghtq;fSf;fhf xg;Gf;nfhLf;fg;gl;Lk;> ehk; ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gLtjw;fhf vOg;gg;gl;Lk; ,Uf;fpwhh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jit capNuhL vOg;gpajd; %yk; nfhy;nfhjhtpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l gypia Njtd; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L tpl;lhH vd;gij mtH njspthf;FfpwhH. ,jd; %yk; fpwp];Jit tpRthrpf;Fk; ehKk; $l ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpNwhk; vd;gijAk; mtH fhz;gpf;fpwhH. fpwp];J jk;Kila kuzj;jpy; khj;jpuk; ek;Kila gpujpaPL my;y. khwhf mtuJ capHj;njOjypYk; jhd; (vNg 2 :5-6). ekf;fhf ,Uf;Fk; fpwp];J ekf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; fpwp];JthfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whH.

2) ekf;F XH [PtDs;s ek;gpf;ifAz;L.

1 NgJ 1:3.4 ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; gpjhthfpa NjtDf;F ];Njhj;jpuk; cz;lhtjhf@ mth;> ,NaRfpwp];J khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOe;jjpdhNy> mopahjJk; khrw;wJk; thlhjJkhfpa Rje;juj;jpw;NfJthf> [PtDs;s ek;gpf;if cz;lhFk;gb> jkJ kpFe;j ,uf;fj;jpd;gbNa ek;ik kWgbAk; n[epg;gpj;jhh;.

capHj;njOe;j fpwp];J epr;rakha; [Ptpf;fpwgbapdhy; ek;Kila vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhd epr;rakhd Xh; mbj;jskhd [PtDs;s ek;gpf;if ekf;F cz;L (me;j ek;gpf;if ek;ik ntl;fg;gLj;jhJ Nuhk 5:5). Vnddpy; mtH jhNk ek;Kila ek;gpf;ifaha; ,Uf;fpd;whH (1jPNkh 1:1). nfl;Lg; NghFk; mtpRthrpfspd; epj;jpa JHg;ghf;fpa epiyiaf; Fwpj;J ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; ,g;gb NgRfpwJ. NahG 8:13 Njtid kwf;fpw vy;yhUila topfSk; mg;gbNa ,Uf;Fk;@ khaf;fhuhpd;

ek;gpf;if mope;JNghk;.

NahG 11:20 Jd;khh;f;fUila fz;fs; G+j;Jg;Ngha;> mth;fs; milf;fyk; mth;fis tpl;nlhope;J> mth;fs; ek;gpf;if rhfpwtd; Rthrk;Nghy; mope;JNghFk; vd;whd;.

ePjp 10:28 ePjpkhd;fspd; ek;gpf;if kfpo;r;rpahFk;@ Jd;khh;f;fUila mNgl;irNah mopAk;.

vNg 2:12 mf;fhyj;jpNy fpwp];Jitr; Nruhjth;fSk;> ,];uNtYila fhzpahl;rpf;Fg; Gwk;ghdth;fSk;> thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd; cld;gbf;iffSf;F me;epaUk;> ek;gpf;ifapy;yhjth;fSk;> ,t;Tyfj;jpy; Njtdw;wth;fSkh apUe;jPh;fnsd;W epidj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

3) ehk; Gjpa [PtDs;stHfsha; elf;fpd;Nwhk;. ek;Kila ghpRj;jkhFjyhdJ ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; tpisthfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ:


Nuhk 6:4 NkYk; gpjhtpd; kfpikapdhNy fpwp];J khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gg;gl;lJNghy> ehKk; Gjpjhd [PtDs;sth;fsha; ele;Jnfhs;Sk;gbf;F> mtUila kuzj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk; Qhd];ehdj;jpdhNy fpwp];JTlNd$l mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;Nlhk;.

vNg 2:7 fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs; ek;ik mtNuhNl$l vOg;gp> cd;djq;fspNy mtNuhNl$l cl;fhuTk; nra;jhh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjYf;F ed;wp. ehk; ,g;nghOJ Gjpjhd [PtDs;stHfsha; elf;f KbAk;. vkJ Gjpjhd tho;tpw;fhf ty;yikapd; Mjhuk; gpd;tUk; trdj;jpy; tpghpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vNg 1:19a.21b jhk; fpwp];Jit khpj;NjhhpypUe;J vOg;gp> mthplj;jpy; elg;gpj;j jkJ gyj;j rj;Jtj;jpd; ty;yikg;gbNa tpRthrpf;fpwth;fshfpa ek;kplj;jpNy fhz;gpf;Fk; jk;Kila ty;yikapd; kfh Nkd;ikahd kfj;Jtk; ,d;dnjd;Wk;… mtiu cd;djq;fspy; jk;Kila tyJghhprj;jpy; cl;fhUk;gb nra;J…

ekf;Fs;Ns fphpia nra;Ak; ,e;j ty;yikapd; kfj;Jtk; ,e;j capHj;njOjypNyNa ,Uf;fpwJ. Mifapdhy;> mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTypd; rhl;rp ekf;F cz;L.

gpyp 3:8-10 …,g;gb ehd; mtiuAk; mtUila caph;j;njOjypd; ty;yikiaAk;> mtUila ghLfspd; If;fpaj;ijAk; mwpfpwjw;Fk;> mtUila kuzj;jpw;nfhg;ghd kuzj;jpw;Fs;shfp> vg;gbahapDk; ehd; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J capNuhnlOe;jpUg;gjw;Fj; jFjpahFk;gbf;Fk;….

xU “ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;l tho;f;ifiaf;” Fwpj;Jg; NgRtjw;F gjpyhf xU “ntw;wpAs;s [Ptpaj;ij” Fwpj;Jg; Ngryhk;. xU ntw;wpAs;s [PtpakhdJ fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; xU tpisNt :

1nfhhp 15:55-57 ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];JtpdhNy ekf;F n[aq;nfhLf;fpw NjtDf;F ];Njhj;jpuk;!

mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTypd; mUikahd thHj;ijfs; capHj;njOjypd; kpfg;nghpa mj;jpahaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; capHj;njOjypd; nra;jpapd; cr;rf;fl;lkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

4) ekf;F [PtDs;s gpujhd MrhhpaH ,Uf;fpwhH.

Nuhk 8:34 ….fpwp];JNt khpj;jth;@ mtNu vOe;JkpUf;fpwth;@ mtNu NjtDila tyJghhprj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwth;@ ekf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;fpwtUk; mtNu!

vgp 7:25 NkYk;> jkJ %ykha;j; Njtdplj;jpy; NrUfpwth;fSf;fhf Ntz;Ljy;nra;Ak;gbf;F mth; vg;nghOJk; capNuhbUf;fpwtuhifahy; mth;fis Kw;WKba ,ul;rpf;f ty;ytuhAkpUf;fpwhh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjYf;$lhf rhj;jpakhd mtuJ gpujhd Mrhhpa Copak; ekf;F mDjpdKk; Njitahd xd;whfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ekf;fhf rpe;jg;gl;l mtUila ,uj;jj;jpw;$lhf jk;Kila gpjhtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; mtH ekf;fhf ghpe;J NgRfpwhH (vgp 9:24). ehk; ghtk; nra;Ak; NghJ $l ,J cz;ikahfNt ,Uf;fpwJ (xg;. 1Nahth 1:9: 2:1). jk;Kila mDjpd gpurd;dj;ij ekf;F mtH thf;Fg;gz;zf;$bajhd xU fhuzKk; ,Jjhd;.


kj; 28:20 ,Njh> cyfj;jpd; KbTghpae;jk; rfy ehl;fspYk; ehd; cq;fSlNd$l ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;whh;.

5) ehKk; capHj;njOg;gg;gLNthk;

1njr 4:14 ,NaRthdth; khpj;J gpd;G vOe;jpUe;jhnud;W tpRthrpf;fpNwhNk@ mg;gbNa ,NaRTf;Fs; epj;jpiuaile;jth;fisAk; Njtd; mtNuhNl$lf; nfhz;LtUthh;.

2nfhhp 4:14 fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRit vOg;gpdth; vq;fisAk; ,NaRitf;nfhz;L vOg;gp> cq;fSlNd$lj; jkf;FKd;ghf epWj;Jthnud;W mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;.

ek;Kila nrhe;j capHj;njOjy; (mtUila tUifapd; NghJ ekf;F Vw;gLk; kW&gkhFjy;) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjypd; XH tpisTjhd;. mNjNtis fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy;jhd; ek;Kila capHj;njOjYf;Ff; $l XH cj;juthjkha; ,Uf;fpwJ (Nuhk 8:11). mj;Jld; ek;Kila capHj;njOjYf;fhd Kd;khjphpahfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ (xg;.1nfhhp 15:49@ gpyp 3:21).

c) mtpRthrpfSf;fhd tpisTfs; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy; jhd; ,Wjpahf vy;yh kDf;Fyj;jpd; capHj;njOjYf;fhd fhuzkha; ,Uf;fpwJ (tpRthrpfSk; mtpRthrpfSk;).

1 nfhhp 15:22 MjhKf;Fs; vy;yhUk; khpf;fpwJNghy> fpwp];JTf;Fs; vy;yhUk; caph;g;gpf;fg;gLthh;fs;.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; capHj;njOjy; vy;yh kdpjdpd; capHj;njOjYf;Fkhd cj;juthjkha; ,Uf;fpwJ (xg;. Nahth 5:28-29). ,it vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf cyfj;jpd; epahaj;jPHg;gpw;F XH tOtw;w Rl;bf;fhl;Ljyha; ,Uf;fpwJ (mg; 17:31@ 2jPNkh 4:1).28

B. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjYk; caHj;jg;glYk;.

ehd; guNkWjYf;Fk; caHj;jg;gLjYf;Fk; ,ilapy; XH tpj;jpahrj;ij Vw;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. guNkWjy; vDk; NghJ mtH jkJ capHj;njOe;j rhPuj;Jld; guj;jpw;F jpUk;gpg; Nghjy; vd tpsq;fpf;nfhs;fpNwd;. mNjNtis fpwp];Jtpd; caHj;jg;gly; (kfpikailjy;) vDk; NghJ jk;Kila tyJghhprj;jpy; gpjhthdtH jd;Dila Fkhuid mku mDkjpf;Fk; XH nrayhf ehd; fUJfpNwd;.

fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjyhdJ ,e;j G+kpapy; cs;s kdpjHfs; fhzf;$ba XH epfo;thf ,Ue;jJ.

Y}f; 24:50-51 gpd;G mth; ngj;jhdpahtiuf;Fk; mth;fis mioj;Jf;nfhz;L Ngha;> jk;Kila iffis cah;j;jp> mth;fis MrPh;tjpj;jhh;.mth;fis MrPh;tjpf;ifapy;> mth;fis tpl;Lg; gphpe;J> guNyhfj;Jf;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhh;.

mg; 1:11-12 fypNyauhfpa kD\Nu> ePq;fs; Vd; thdj;ij mz;zhe;J ghh;j;J epw;fpwP;h;fs;? cq;fsplj;jpdpd;W thdj;Jf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l ,e;j ,NaRthdth; vg;gb cq;fs; fz;fSf;F Kd;ghf thdj;Jf;;F vOe;jUspg;NghdhNuh> mg;gbNa kWgbAk; tUthh; vd;whh;fs;. mg;nghOJ mth;fs; vUrNyKf;Fr; rkPgkha; xU Xa;T ehs; gpuahz J}uj;jpypUf;fpw xyptkiy vd;dg;gl;l kiyapypUe;J vUrNyKf;Fj;jpUk;gpg;Nghdhh;fs;.

28 tpRthrpfspdJk; mtpRthrpfspdJk; capHj;njOjy; Fwpj;J Nkyjpfkhf mwpa tpUk;gpdhy; vdJ “Ntjhfk ,Wjpapay;” kw;Wk; “NahthDf;fhd ntspg;gLj;jy;” Mfpa tphpTiufisg; ghHf;fTk;.


,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; caHj;jg;gLjyhdJ guNyhfj;jpy; eilngw;w xd;whfTk; mjdpkpj;jk; kdpjHfshy; mtjhdpf;f Kbahj xd;whfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

mg; 2:23 mg;gbapUe;Jk;> Njtd; eph;zapj;jpUe;j MNyhridapd;gbNaAk;> mtUila Kd;dwptpd;gbNaAk; xg;Gf;nfhLf;fg;gl;l me;j ,NaRit ePq;fs; gpbj;J> mf;fpukf;fhuUila iffspdhNy rpYitapy; Mzpabj;Jf; nfhiynra;jPh;fs;.

gpyp 2:9 Mjyhy; Njtd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf mtiu cah;j;jp…

1. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; guNkwy; kw;Wk; caHj;jg;glypd; Nehf;fk; jd;Dila gphpahtpil ciuapNy (Nahth 14-16)> jk;Kila guNkWjYf;fhd fhuzq;fisf; Fwpj;J ,NaR NgRfpwhH.

a) jkf;F nrhe;jkhdtHfSf;F XH ,lj;ij Maj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;F

Nahth 14:2-3 vd; gpjhtpd; tPl;by; mNef thr];jyq;fs; cz;L@ mg;gbapy;yhjpUe;jhy;> ehd; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;ypapUg;Ngd;@ xU ];jyj;ij cq;fSf;fhf Maj;jk;gz;zg;NghfpNwd;. ehd; Ngha; cq;fSf;fhf ];jyj;ij Maj;jk;gz;zpd gpd;G> ehd; ,Uf;fpw ,lj;jpNy ePq;fSk; ,Uf;Fk;gb> ehd; kWgbAk; te;J cq;fis vd;dplj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;SNtd;.

xU ehs; mtH jpUk;gp te;J ek;ik jk;NkhL vLj;Jr; nry;thH. ,e;j epfo;tpd; ek;gpf;if vk;ik kfpo;r;rpapdhYk; vjpHghHg;gpdhYk; epiwg;gij gpwu; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1 NgJ 1:7-8 mope;JNghfpw nghd; mf;fpdpapdhNy Nrhjpf;fg;gLk;@ mijg;ghh;f;fpYk; mjpf tpiyNawg;ngw;wjhapUf;fpw cq;fs; tpRthrk; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;L> ,NaRfpwp];J ntspg;gLk;NghJ cq;fSf;Fg; Gfo;r;rpAk; fdKk; kfpikAKz;lhff; fhzg;gLk;. mtiu ePq;fs; fhzhkypUe;Jk; mthplj;jpy; md;G$UfpwPh;fs;@ ,g;nghOJ mtiuj; jhprpahkypUe;Jk; mthplj;jpy; tpRthrk; itj;J> nrhy;ypKbahjJk; kfpikahy; epiwe;jJkhapUf;fpw re;Njh\ Ks;sth;fsha; fsp$h;e;J…

gpyp 3:20 ek;Kila FbapUg;Ngh guNyhfj;jpypUf;fpwJ> mq;NfapUe;J fh;j;juhapUf;fpw ,NaRfpwp];J vd;Dk; ,ul;rfh; tu vjph;ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

b) ghpRj;j Mtpahdtiu mDg;Gk;gbahf

Nahth 16:7 ehd; cq;fSf;F cz;ikiar; nrhy;YfpNwd;@ ehd; NghfpwJ cq;fSf;Fg; gpuNah[dkhapUf;Fk;@ ehd; NghfhjpUe;jhy;> Njw;wuthsd; cq;fsplj;jpy; tuhh;@ ehd; NghNtNdahfpy; mtiu cq;fsplj;jpw;F mDg;GNtd;.

vgpNua epUgkhdJ fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjiyf; Fwpj;j Nkyjpf jfty;fis ekf;F jUfpwJ:

c) ekf;F Kd;ghf Nghtjw;F

vgp 6:20 ekf;F Kd;Ndhbdtuhfpa ,NaR nky;fpNrNjf;fpd; Kiwikapd;gb epj;jpa gpujhd Mrhhpauha; ekf;fhf me;jj; jpiuf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

vgp 10:19-20 Mifahy;> rNfhjuNu> ehk; ghpRj;j];jyj;jpy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F ,NaRthdth; jkJ khk;rkhfpa jpiuapd; topaha; GjpJk; [PtDkhd khh;f;fj;ij ekf;F cz;Lgz;zpdgbahy;>…


ek;Kila Kd;Ndhbahf fHj;jH XH topia cz;L gz;zp guNyhfj;jpy; ekf;fhf XH ,lj;ij Maj;jk;gz;zpapUf;fpwhH!

d) gpjhthfpa NjtDf;F Kd;ghf ekJ ghpe;J NgReuhf ,Uf;Fk;gb vgp 5:1 md;wpAk;> kD\hpy; njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l ve;jg; gpujhd MrhhpaDk;

ghtq;fSf;fhff; fhzpf;iffisAk; gypfisAk; nrYj;Jk;gb> kD\Uf;fhfj; Njtfhhpaq;fisg;gw;wp epakpf;fg;gLfpwhd;.


,NaR guNyhfj;jpy; gpujhd Mrhhpa Copaj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhH.

vgp 4:14 thdq;fspd; topaha;g; guNyhfj;jpw;Fg;Nghd NjtFkhudhfpa ,NaR vd;Dk; kfh gpujhd Mrhhpah; ekf;F ,Uf;fpwgbapdhy;> ehk; gz;zpd mwpf;ifia cWjpaha;g; gw;wpf;nfhz;bUf;ff;flNthk;.

fpwp];JthdtH ,e;j G+kpapy; rk;ghjpj;j ,ul;rpg;ghdJ mtiu tpRthrpf;Fk; vtUf;Fk; fpilf;ff;$bajha; ,Uf;fpwJ Nahth 1:12@ 3:16@ 1Nahth 5:11-13).

2. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjy;> caHj;jg;gly; Mfpatw;wpd; tpisTfs;

a) gpjh jkJ Fkhuid kfpikapdhYk; fdj;jpdhYk; Kb#l;LfpwhH. ghtpfs; ,NaRit Kl;fphPlj;jhy; Kb#l;bdhHfs;.

vgp 2:9 vd;whYk;> NjtDila fpUigapdhy; xt;nthUtUf;fhfTk;> kuzj;ij Urpghh;f;Fk;gbf;F NjtJ}jhpYk; rw;Wr; rpwpatuhf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,NaR kuzj;ij cj;jhpj;jjpdpkpj;jk; kfpikapdhYk; fdj;jpdhYk; Kb#l;lg;gl;lijf; fhz;fpNwhk;.

,e;j G+kpapy; 33 tUl tho;f;iff;F gpw;ghL gpjhtpd; rpq;fhrdj;jpy; mtUila tyJ ghhprj;jpYs;s ,lj;ij vLf;f Mzpapd; jOk;GfNshL guNyhfj;jpy; jk;Kila gpjhtplj;jpw;F nfhy;nfhjhtpd; ntw;wp Nte;ju; ,NaR fpwp];J jpUk;gpdhH. ,g;G+kpapy; mtUf;F ,lkpy;yhjpUe;jJ.

Nahth 1:11 mth; jkf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjpNy te;jhh;> mtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdth;fNsh mtiu Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy.

Y}f; 2:7 mts; jd; Kjw;Ngwhd Fkhuidg;ngw;W> rj;jpuj;jpNy mth;fSf;F ,lkpy;yhjpUe;jgbapdhy;> gps;isiaj; Jzpfspy; Rw;wp> Kd;dizapNy fplj;jpdhs;.

,uh[hf;fs; toikahf Ie;J el;rj;jpu my;yJ VO el;rj;jpu tpLjpfspy; jq;FthHfs;. Mdhy;> ,uh[hjp ,uh[hthfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jitg; nghWj;jtiuapy; jd;idj; jho;j;jp ,g;G+kpf;F te;j Ntisapy; epiyik NtW tpjkha; ,Ue;jJ.

kj; 8:20 mjw;F ,NaR: ehpfSf;Ff; FopfSk; Mfhaj;Jg; gwitfSf;Ff; $LfSk; cz;L@ kD\FkhuDf;Nfh jiyrha;f;f ,lkpy;iy vd;whh;.


vgp 13:12 me;jg;gbNa> ,NaRTk; jk;Kila nrhe;j ,uj;jj;jpdhNy [dj;ijg; ghpRj;jQ;nra;Ak;gbahf efuthrYf;Fg; Gwk;Ng ghLgl;lhh;.

vg;gbapUg;gpDk;> mtUila gpjh mtUf;Fhpa rhpahd ,lj;ij mUSfpwhH.

gpyp 2:9 Mjyhy; Njtd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf mtiu cah;j;jp…

rq; 110:1 fh;j;jh; vd; Mz;ltiu Nehf;fp: ehd; ck;Kila rj;JUf;fis ckf;Fg; ghjgbahf;fpg; NghLk;tiuf;Fk;> ePh; vd;Dila tyJghhprj;jpy; cl;fhUk; vd;whh;.

“NjtDila tyJ ghhprj;jpy; cl;fhUk;” vd;w nrhw;nwhluhdJ ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpy; 10 jlitfSf;F Nkyhf fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. guNyhfj;jpy; jk;Kila ,Wjp ntw;wpapd; ntspg;ghl;bw;fhf ,NaR fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhH.

b) ghpRj;j Mtpapd; mUs;khhp

mg; 2:33 mth; NjtDila tyJfuj;jpdhNy cah;j;jg;gl;L> gpjh mUspa thf;Fj;jj;jj;jpd;gb ghpRj;jMtpiag;ngw;W> ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ fhz;fpwJk; Nfl;fpwJkhfpa ,ijg;nghope;jUspdhh;.

Nahth 16:7 ehd; cq;fSf;F cz;ikiar; nrhy;YfpNwd;@ ehd; NghfpwJ cq;fSf;Fg; gpuNah[dkhapUf;Fk;@ ehd; NghfhjpUe;jhy;> Njw;wuthsd; cq;fsplj;jpy; tuhh;@ ehd; NghNtNdahfpy; mtiu cq;fsplj;jpw;F mDg;GNtd;.

ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; mUs;khhpf;$lhf (ehk; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjypd; XH tpisthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ) ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH tpRthrpfspd; ,Ujaq;fspy; thrk;gz;z tUfpwhH. “fpwp];J vd;dpy;” my;yJ “fpwp];J vq;fspy;” vd;w nrhw;nwhlHfs; fyh 2:20@ vNg 2:6-10@ nfhNyh 1:2>.27@ Nahth 14:18.23@ kj; 28:18 Mfpa mizj;J gFjpfspYk; tUfpd;wd.

ghpRj;j Mtpahdtuhy; mtUila rpj;jj;jpd;gbNa mtdtDf;F Mtpf;Fhpa tuq;fis fHj;jH gfpHe;jspf;fpwhH.29

1nfhhp 12:4ff ,NaR jpUr;rigf;F nfhLj;j Mtpf;Fhpa tuq;fs;. tpNr\khf tr 7.11 I ghh;f;fTk;: “MtpapDila mEf;fpufk; mtdtDila gpuNah[dj;jpw;nfd;W mspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ….,itfisnay;yhk; me;j xNu Mtpahdth; elg;gpj;J> jkJ rpj;jj;jpd;gbNa mtdtDf;Fg; gfph;e;J nfhLf;fpwhh;”.

vNg 4:8-13 ,NaR jpUr;rigf;F nfhLj;j Mtpf;Fhpa tuq;fspy; rpy ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ: “Mjyhy;> mth; cd;djj;jpw;F Vwp> rpiwg;gl;lth;fisr; rpiwahf;fp> kD\h;fSf;F tuq;fis mspj;jhh; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;… ghpRj;jthd;fs; rPh;nghUe;Jk;nghUl;L> RtpNr\ Copaj;jpd; Ntiyf;fhfTk;> fpwp];Jtpd; rhPukhfpa rigahdJ gf;jptpUj;jp miltjw;fhfTk;> mth;> rpyiu mg;Ngh];jyuhfTk;> rpyiuj; jPh;f;fjhprpfshfTk;> rpyiur; RtpNr\fuhfTk;> rpyiu Nka;g;guhfTk; NghjfuhfTk; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.”

Nuhk 12:4ff “ghpRj;jthd;fs; rPh;nghUe;Jk;nghUl;L> RtpNr\ Copaj;jpd; Ntiyf;fhfTk;> fpwp];Jtpd; rhPukhfpa rigahdJ gf;jptpUj;jp miltjw;fhfTk; mth;> rpyiu mg;Ngh];jyuhfTk;> rpyiuj; jPh;f;fjhprpfshfTk;> rpyiur; RtpNr\fuhfTk;> rpyiu Nka;g;guhfTk; NghjfuhfTk; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.”

29

,J Fwpj;J Nkyjpfkha; mwpe;Jnfhs;s “Mtpapay;” vDk; vdJ tphpTiuapy; “Mtpapd; tuq;fs;” vDk; mjpfhuj;ijg; ghh;f;fTk;.


c) fpwp];JthdtH rigapd; cd;dj jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH.

vNg 1:22 vy;yhtw;iwAk; mtUila ghjq;fSf;Ff; fPo;g;gLj;jp> vy;yhtw;iwAk; vy;yhtw;whYk; epug;GfpwtUila epiwthfpa rhPukhd rigf;F mtiu vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhd jiyahfj; je;jUspdhh;.

ek;Kila “v[khd;” guNyhfj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhH. mjdhy; ek;Kila fz;fis VnwLj;J ghHf;Fk;gbahfTk; (vgp 12:2)> Nkyhd fhhpaq;fspy; ekJ rpe;ijiag; gjpf;Fk; gbahfTk; miof;fg;gl;Ls;Nshk; (mjhtJ guNyhfj;jpy; cs;sitfspy;: nfhNyh 3:1-4). rhPukhdJ jd;dpy; VNjh xU mq;fkpy;yhtpbDk; thoKbAk; (ntl;lg;gl;l fhy;fSld;). Mdhy; jiyapy;yhky; tho KbahJ. jiyapy;yhj rhPuk; nrj;jJ. capHj;njOe;j fpwp];J jiyaha; ,Uf;Fk; NghJjhd; cz;ikr; rigia fhzKbAk;. jiy rhPuj;jpw;F Copak; nra;fpwJ.

vNg 5:29 jd; nrhe;j khk;rj;ijg; gifj;jtd; xUtDkpy;iyNa@ fh;j;jh; rigiag; Ngh\pj;Jf;fhg;ghw;WfpwJNghy xt;nthUtDk; jd; khk;rj;ijg; Ngh\pj;Jf; fhg;ghw;Wfpwhd;…

nfhNyh 2:18 …fZf;fshYk; fl;LfshYk; cjtpngw;W ,izf;fg;gl;L> Njttsh;r;rpaha; tsh;e;NjWfpw rhPuKOtijAk; Mjhpf;fpw jiyiag; gw;wpf;nfhs;shky;>…

kdpj rhPukhdJ jiyahy; fl;lisaplg;gLfpwJ. ,Nj gpukhzkhdJ fpwp];Jtpd; rigapYk; ek;Kila jdpg;gl;l tpRthr [Ptpaj;jpYk; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjpfhukhdJ jiyahfpa fpwp];JTf;Nf chpaJ.

d) fpwp];J vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf caHj;jg;gl;lhH.

fpwp];JthdtHjhd; ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpd; Nky; Vfhjpgj;jpaKs;stH.

kj; 28:18 mg;nghOJ ,NaR rkPgj;jpy; te;J> mth;fis Nehf;fp: “thdj;jpYk; g+kpapYk; rfy mjpfhuKk; vdf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ”.

kfpikaile;j Fkhud; NjtDila mstpl Kbah ty;yikapd; ntspg;ghlha; ,Uf;fpwhH (vNg 1:19).

vNg 1:20 vy;yhj; Jiuj;jdj;Jf;Fk;> mjpfhuj;Jf;Fk;> ty;yikf;Fk;> fh;j;jj;Jtj;Jf;Fk;> ,k;ikapy;khj;jpuky;y kWikapYk; Ngh;ngw;wpUf;Fk; vy;yh ehkj;Jf;Fk; Nkyha; mth; cah;e;jpUf;fj;jf;fjhf….

gpyp 2:9.11 Mjyhy; Njtd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf mtiu cah;j;jp… vy;yh ehkj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd ehkj;ij mtUf;Fj; je;jUspdhh;….

mtUila mjpfhuj;ij jq;fSila KO ,Ujaj;NjhL ,yFthf Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mtUf;F chpatHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wtHfSf;F fpwp];Jtpd; kfpikapd; tpisT Mr;rHakhdjha; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> Njt gf;jp mw;wtHfSf;F ,e;j cz;ik gaj;ij cz;lhf;Ftjha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; fpwp];Jtpd; cyfshtpa fHj;jj;Jtk; mtHfSf;F ftiyia Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; xU ehs; tUk; mg;nghOJ mtHfs; fpwp];JTf;F Kd;ghf Koq;fhy;fis Klf;f Ntz;b tUk;.

gpyp 2:10-11 ,NaRtpd; ehkj;jpy; thNdhh; G+jyj;Njhh; g+kpapd; fPohNdhUila Koq;fhy; ahTk; Klq;Fk;gbf;Fk;>gpjhthfpa NjtDf;F kfpikahf ,NaRfpwp];J fh;j;jnud;W ehTfs; ahTk; mwpf;ifgz;Zk;gbf;Fk;> vy;yh ehkj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd ehkj;ij mtUf;Fj; je;jUspdhh;.


,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; ek; nrhe;j tho;tpy; vg;gbnahU eilKiw mDgtkhf tUfpwNjh mg;gbNa mtUila capHj;njOjYk; caHj;jg;glYk; ,Uf;Fk;:

gpyp 3:10 ,g;gb ehd; mtiuAk; mtUila caph;j;njOjypd; ty;yikiaAk;> mtUila ghLfspd; If;fpaj;ijAk; mwpfpwjw;Fk;> mtUila kuzj;jpw;nfhg;ghd kuzj;jpw;Fs;shfp> vg;gbahapDk; ehd; khpj;NjhhpypUe;J capNuhnlOe;jpUg;gjw;Fj; jFjpahFk;gbf;Fk;…

vNg 2:7 fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs; ek;ik mtNuhNl$l vOg;gp> cd;djq;fspNy mtNuhNl$l cl;fhuTk; nra;jhh;. ,e;j mjpfhuj;jpd; Kbthf> Nuhk 8:31-39 I thrpf;Fk; gbahf ehk; ghpe;Jiuf;fpNwhk; (cw;rhf%l;LfpNwhk;). ,e;jg;gFjpahdJ ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; capHj;njOjy;> caHj;jg;gly; Mfpatw;iw ek;Kila tho;tpy; eilKiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf xU nghUj;jkhd tpguj; jftyhf ,Uf;fpwJ!

VII. ,ul;rpg;ig chpj;jhf;Fjy;. kdpjDila ,ul;rpg;ig epiwNtw;w ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; nraw;ghL ,d;wpaikahjJ. mtHjhd; fpwp];Jtplk; xU kdpjid jpUg;GfpwhH (vgp 3:7). ghtj;ijf;Fwpj;J czHj;JfpwhH (Nahth 16:8-9). Gjpa gpwg;igAk; n[dpg;gpf;fg;gLjiyAk; nfhz;L tUfpwhH (xg;. Nahth 3:3ff; 6:63; jPj; 3:5). Qhd];ehdg;gLj;JfpwhH (mg; 1:5)> fpwp];Jtpd; rigapd; mq;fj;jtdhf;Ffpwhh; (1nfhhp 12:13). mtid NjtDila gps;isahf;fp (Rtpfhpj;J) Kj;jpiuapLfpwhh; (Nuhk 8:16@ 2nfhhp 1:22)> ghpRj;j tho;f;if tho gyj;ij mUSfpwhH (Nuhk 8:3-14). ,e;j vy;yhj; jiyg;Gf;fisAk; ehk; ,g;NghJ Muha KbahJ. ,ijf; Fwpj;J mwpa tpUk;gpdhy; “Mtpapay;” vDk; vdJ tphpTiuapy; ghHf;fTk;. ,f;fphpiafs; vy;yhk; ghpRj;j MtpahdtH kdpj ,Ujaq;fspy; fphpia nra;tjd; %ykhf eilngWfpwJ vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. fle;j mjpfhuq;fspy; ehk; ,ul;rfiuAk; ,ul;rpg;igAk; Fwpj;J Muha;e;Njhk;. ,e;j mjpfhukhdJ jdpg;gl;l egHfshy; (,ul;rpf;fg;gLfpwtHfshy;) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; tUk; ,ul;rpg;ig jq;fSf;nfd;W chpj;jhf;fpf; nfhs;Sfpd;w fhhpaq;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ. kdkhw;wj;Jld; Muk;gkhFk; jdpg;gl;l ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;J ,J NgRfpwJ. Mdhy; ehk; kdkhw;wj;ijf; Fwpj;J Ngr Kd;ghf njhpe;J nfhs;SjiyAk; miog;igAk; Fwpj;Jg; Ngr Ntz;Lk;.

A. njhpe;J nfhs;SjYk; miog;Gk;.

,e;j tphpTiuapd; Kbtpy; njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> Kd;Fwpj;jy;> RahjPd rpj;jk;> ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tpj;jpahrkhd tpahf;fpahdq;fis NrHj;Js;Nsd;. mq;Nf ,ul;il Kd;Nju;T kPl;Gf; nfhs;ifiaAk; (Supralapsarianism) mjw;F fLk; vjpuhd %y ghtj;ij kWjypf;fpd;w ngNy[padpr nfhs;ifiaAk; (Pelagianism) Fwpj;j gy ntt;NtW epiyfis cq;fSf;F mspf;f ,Uf;fpNwd;. kw;w tpahf;fpahdpfNshL $l ehDk; gpd;tUk; xOq;fpy; NjtDila epj;jpa xOq;F Kiwfis gpd;gw;WfpNwd;. 1. kdpjdpd; rpU\;bg;G. 2. kdpj tPo;r;rp mDkjpf;fg;gly;. 3. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpw;$lhf ,ul;rpg;G 4. njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfspd; Nky; ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; mUs;khhp. MdhYk; ehk; gpd;tUk; Nfs;tpf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. njhpe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;why; vd;d mHj;jk;? jPa;nard; vd;gtu; ,Jgw;wpa ciuahliy ,t;thW mwpKfk; nra;fpwhH:


xU jdpeghpd; fphpiafis tpLj;J NjtDila Vfhjpgj;jpa fpUigapd; mbg;gilapy; khj;jpuNk mtH rpyiu ,ul;rpg;Gf;nfd;W NjHT nra;Ak; Vfhjpgj;jpa eltbf;ifjhd; “njhpe;J nfhs;Sjyh?” my;yJ ek;Kila fpUigahd miog;gpw;F ahnuy;yhk; cj;juT nfhLg;ghH vd;W mtH Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mtHfis njhpT nra;tJjhd; NjtDila Vfhjpgj;jpa fpUigah? ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;j eilKiwahd tpahf;fpahdk; vd;d?30

Kjyhtjhf “njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;” vd;why; vd;d? ,e;j thHj;ijahdJ “vyf;bNah” (“electio”) vd;w yj;jPd; gjj;jpypUe;J tUfpwJ. ,jw;F xg;ghd fpNuf;f milnkhop (Adjective) (“vf;nyf;Nlh];” = njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfs;) vd;gjhFk;. jPa;nard vd;gtH ,iwapay; ghlj;jpy; njhpe;J nfhs;Sjiy ,g;gbahf tiutpyf; fzg;gLj;JfpwhH:

kPl;gpd; gpd;dzpapy; njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhdJ Njtd; vtHfis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mtHfis ,NaR fpwp];JTf;Fs; ,ul;rpg;Gf;nfd;W fpUigahf njhpe;Jnfhs;Sk; NjtDila Vfhjpgj;jpa eltbf;ifiaNa njhpe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd miof;fyhk;. 31

mg;gbahdhy; ,d;DnkhU Nfs;tp ekf;F vOk;GfpwJ. xU Gwj;jpy; NjtDila “Kd;dwptpw;Fk;” kWGwj;jpy; NjtDila “Kd;Fwpg;gpw;Fk;” ,ilapy; cs;s njhlHG vd;d? vy;yh tpahf;fpahdpfSk; njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhdJ NjtDila Kd;dwpjiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gJld; cld;gLfpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ,e;j Kd;dwptpd; cz;ikahd mHj;jk; vd;d vd;gijf; Fwpj;J NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NjtDila Kd;dwpT Fwpj;j ,U tpahf;fpahdq;fis jPa;nard gpd;tUkhW RUf;fpj; jUfpwhH:

,J ntWkNd Kd;djhfNt rpe;jpf;Fk; XH rpe;jidah? (fhhpaq;fs; eilngWk; Kd; xd;iwf; Fwpj;J rpe;jpg;gJ) my;yJ cz;ikahfNt njhpe;njLf;Fk; mstpw;F neUf;fk; cilajha; ,Uf;fpwjh? jd;Dila miog;gpw;F xt;nthU kdpjDk; vg;gb kWTj;juT nfhLg;ghd; vd;W jd;Dila Kd;dwptpd;gb fz;L mjw;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; mtHfis ,ul;rpg;gpw;nfd;W njhpe;Jnfhs;;fpwhuh? my;yJ NjtDila Kd;dwpntd;gJ fle;j fhy epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J Njtd; rpyhpy; khj;jpuk; jaT itj;J mtHfis ,ul;rpg;Gf;nfd;W njhpe;njLj;jJjhdh?32

Kjyhtjhf ehd; ,U tpthjq;fisAk; RUf;fpr; nrhy;y tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mjd; gpd;G NjtDila Kd;dwpntd;gJ nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w gjj;jpd; tpahf;fpahdq;fis Muhar;;rp nra;Ntd;. mNjNtis> ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ mZFKiwia ehd; Vd; njhpT nra;fpNwd; vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpLNtd;. ,ijf; Fwpj;J jPa;nardpd; ,U epiyfisAk; mjd; mD$yk;> gpujp $yq;fSlDk; ed;whf Muha;e;J mtUila tpsf;fq;fis ehd; tpje;JiufpNwd;.33

1. njhpe;J nfhs;SjyhdJ NjtDila epge;jidaw;w Vfhjpgj;jpa njhpthFk;

Njtd; jk;Kila Vfhjpgj;jpa eltbf;ifapd; gpufhuk; jk;Kila mstpy;yh fpUigapy; gad; ngWfpwtHfshf rpy kf;fis (ghtpfis) njhpT nra;tJjhd; njhpe;njLj;jyhFk; vd ,f;nfhs;if $WfpwJ. ,e;j tpahf;fpahzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; “Kd;dwpjyhdJ” “Kd;djhf ,Uf;fpd;w XH mwpT” my;y. mJ xU “njhpTld;” rk;ge;jKilajha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilapy; NjtDila “Kd;djhf mwpe;J nfhs;Sk;” jd;ikahdJ mthpd; njhpe;J

30

Henry C. Thiessen, Lectures in Systematic Theology, revised by Vernon D. Doerksen (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1979), p. 257. 31

Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., p. 258. 32

Ibid., p. 258. 33

Ibid., pp. 258-265.


nfhs;SjYf;F rkhdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j mZFKiwia Mjhpg;gtHfs; (gug;GgtHfs;) “mwpjy;” (vgpNua thHj;ij “alh” = yāda‛) vDk; Ntjhfk rpe;jidahdJ “tpUg;gj;Jld; mwpjy;” “my;yJ kfpo;r;rpAld; mwpjy;” vDk; mHj;jj;ij cilajha; cs;sJ vd Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhHfs;. ,e;j tpahf;fpahd Kiwiag; gpd;gw;WgtHfs; mg; 13:48@ Nuhk 9:11ff@ vNg 1:4-5.11) Nghd;w Ntj gFjpfis Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.

2. njhpe;J nfhs;SjyhdJ xU eghpd; njhpitf; Fwpj;j NjtDila Kd;dwpit mbg;gilaha; nfhz;Ls;sJ

,e;j nfhs;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy;> jk;Kila Kd;dwptpd;gbNa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; cs;s ,ul;rpg;gpd; <tpw;F rhjfkhd gjpiy ahH nfhLg;ghH vd;W Kd;djhf mwpe;jjpd; epkpj;jk; me;j egiu ,ul;rpf;fg;gLk;gbaha; njhpe;J nfhs;fpwhH. NtW tpjj;jpy; nrhd;dhy; Njtd; Kd;djhfNt (epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J) ahH ,NaR fpwp];Jit Vw;Wf;nfhs;thHfs; vd;W mwpe;jpUe;jhH. ,tiu mtH epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J njhpe;njLj;Js;shH. mjd; tpisthf ,f;nfhs;ifia filg;gpbg;gtHfs; vNg 1:4I ,t;tpjkha; tpahf;fpahzk; nra;fpwhHfs;: “ahH jk;ik tpRthrpg;ghHfs; vd;W mtH Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jpUe;jhNuh mtHfis cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Ng fpwp];JTf;Fs; njhpfpwhH”. jPa;nard gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;:

,jd;gb njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhdJ> jk;ik Vw;Wf;nfhs;gth;fs; ahtiuAk; mtH Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jjd; epkpj;jk; mtHfis fpwp];JTf;Fs; ,ul;rpg;Gf;nfd;W Vfhjpgj;jpa fpUigahf njhpT nra;Ak; NjtDila Vfhjpgj;jpa nraw;ghNl njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhFk;. ,e;j njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjypy; vd;d fhhpak; NjtDila Kd;dwpit jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd ekf;F XH ,lj;jpYk; nrhy;yg;glhtpl;lhYk; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Nfh my;yJ epuhfhpg;gjw;Nfh kdpjNd nghWg;Gs;stdha; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd Ntjj;jpy; mbf;fb nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wgbapdhy; mjw;F ,g;NghJ gjpyspg;gJ kdpjNd! ,Jjhd; njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjypd; mbg;gilaha; ,Uf;fpwJ. njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfs; vDk;NghJ jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; RtpN\rj;jpw;F rhjfkhd gjpiyf; nfhLg;ghh;fs; vd Njtd; Kd;dwpfpw kf;fshthH.34

,r;#oiktpy; “NjtDila Kd;dwpT” vd;why; vd;d vd;gij ehk; fl;lhak; Muha Ntz;Lk;.

3. njhpe;Jnfhs;SjYk; NjtDila Kd;dwpTk; re;Njfkpy;yhky; ,e;j tplaj;ijf; Fwpj;j Kf;fpa trdk; ,Njh:

Nuhk 8:29-30 jk;Kila Fkhud; mNef rNfhjuUf;Fs;Ns Kjw;NgwhdtuhapUf;Fk; nghUl;L> Njtd; vth;fis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mth;fisj; jkJ FkhuDila rhaYf;F xg;ghapUg;gjw;F Kd;Fwpj;jpUf;fpwhh;@ vth;fis Kd;Fwpj;jhNuh mth;fis mioj;JkpUf;fpwhh;@ vth;fis mioj;jhNuh mth;fis ePjpkhd;fshf;fpAkpUf;fpwhh;@ vth;fis ePjpkhd;fshf;fpdhNuh mth;fis kfpikg;gLj;jpAkpUf;fpwhh;. ,ijf; Fwpj;J NkYk; mwpa Nuhk epUgj;jpw;F ehd; vOjpa tpsf;fTiuiag; ghHf;Fk;gb khztHfis Nfl;fpNwd;. njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhdJ NjtDila Kd;dwptpNyNa ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;j Ntjg;gFjpapypUe;J vd;Dila Fwpg;Gfis Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwd; (1NgJ 1:2Ak; ghHf;fTk;). kWgbAk; NjtDila Kd;dwpT vd;why; vd;d mHj;jk; vd;gJjhd; ,q;F Nfs;tpahFk;. “Njtd; vtHfis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mtHfis Kd;Fwpj;jpUf;fpwhH” vd;w gTypd; cWjpg;ghl;il vg;gb tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ? ngdpl;hpA+ (Bénétreau) ,e;j tpthjj;ij gpd;tUkhW mwpKfk; nra;fpwhH:

34

Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., 258-259.


jpl;lk; Nehf;fk; vd;gtw;iw tpsq;fg;gLj;j KaYk; KjyhtJ nfhs;if epiyg;ghlhdJ (ngdpl;hpA+ (Bénétreau) tr.28 If; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;) Kd;Fwpj;jypd; rpe;jidiaf; Fwpj;j gue;jstpyhd tpthjj;jpw;F vjphpilahd jpirapy; nraw;gLk; Nehpilahd vjpH kWg;ghf fhzg;gLfpwJ. Kd;Fwpj;jYf;Fk;> Kd;dwpjYf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlHG vd;d? NjtDila Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpdhy; kdpjd; eRf;fg;gl;Lg; Nghthd; vd;W gag;gLgtHfs; Kd;Fwpj;jyhdJ Kd;dwpjypd; mbg;gilapy; cs;sJ vd thjpLfpwhHfs;. NjtDila RahjPdKk; mjpfhuKk; rhpahd fdj;ijg; ngwhJ vd gag;gLgtHfs; Kd;Fwpj;jy; Kd;dwpjYf;F Kd;ghf cs;sJ vd tpRthrpf;fpd;whHfs;. mj;Jld; fpUigapdhy; khj;jpuNk ,ul;rpg;G vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,g;gbg;gl;l tpahf;fpahzk; jhd; rhp vd;fpwhHfs;.35

“Kd;dwpjy;” vd;why; ,q;Nf fUjg;gLtJ vd;d? ntWkNd Kd;djhfNt xU fhhpaj;ij fhz;gjh? my;yJ xU cz;ikahf njhpit (gl;rghjj;Jld; my;yJ Kd;DhpikAld;) vLf;ff;$ba XH fhuzp mq;F cz;lh? jd;Dila miog;gpw;F xt;nthU kdpjDk; vg;gbahf gjpy; nfhLg;ghd; vd;gij Njtd; jk;Kila Kd;dwptpd;gbNa mwpe;J gpd;G ,e;j mwptpd;gbNa mtid my;yJ mtis njhpe;J nfhz;lhuh? ,y;yhtpby;> Kd;dwpthdJ Njtd; fle;j fhy epj;jpaj;jpy; rpy kf;fis jaTld; ghHj;J mtHfis ,ul;rpg;gpf;nfd;W njhpe;Jnfhz;ljh? 36 ,e;j ,U nfhs;iffisAk; Mjhpg;gtHfs; Ntjhfk ,iwapay; hPjpahfTk; ,yf;fz nkhop hPjpahfTk; jq;fSila nfhs;ifia ep&gpf;f tpthjq;fis Kd;itf;fpwhHfs;. “Kd;dwpfpd;w” [proginōskō] vd;w thHj;ijia tpahf;fpahdk; gz;ZgtHfs; mij Kjd;ikahf njhpe;Jnfhs;s my;yJ Kd;Fwpf;f vd;W mHj;jg;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. mj;Jld; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sgb gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s vgpNua tpidr; nrhy; gjkhd “alh” (yāda‛) vd;w thHj;ijia xg;gpl;L Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;LfpwhHfs;. ,t;tpidr; nrhy;yhdJ ,jDila gpujhd mHj;jkhd “mwpjy;” my;yJ mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;w mHj;jj;ij tpl “njhpTnra;jy;” vd;Wk; $l nghUs;gLk; vd;gJk; cz;ik. ,e;j tplaj;jpy; NBC ,jidNa njhpT nra;fpwhH:

mt;tpjkhf ahiuAk; “Kd;dwpjw;F” vd;gJ mtH NkNy tpN\rpj;j fpUigia nghopa XH cwtpw;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jy; MFk;. ,e;j tpNr\pj;j fpUig fpwp];JTf;Fs; Gj;jpuH vDk; tbtj;ij vLf;Fk; vd ,e;j “Kd;Fwpj;jy;” vd;gJ tiuaWf;fpwJ. Ntjhfk gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; ‘mwpjy;’ (xg;. rq;. 1:6@ 144:3@ Xrp 13:5@ MNkh 3:2@ kj; 7:23@ Nahth 10:27@ 1nfhhp 8:3@ fyh 4:9) vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbg;gilapy; Kd;dwpjyhdJ ,ul;rpg;gpd; vy;yh gbKiwfSf;Fk; epj;jpakhd njhlf;fkha; ,Uf;fpd;w fpUigia my;yJ jait kiwKfkha; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,J gTypd; KO ,iwapaYld; mDrhpj;Jg; NghFk; XH tpahf;fpahdk; MFk;.37

gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s vgpNua tpidr;nrhy; gjkhd alh (yāda) vd;gjw;F mNef mHj;jq;fs; ,Ug;gjdhy; ,e;j thHj;ijia Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s GNuhfpNdh];Nfh (proginōskō) vd;w fpNuf;f tpidr; nrhy;ypd; tpahf;fpahzj;Jld; xg;gpl;Lg; gpuNahfpg;gJ vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Nfs;tpf;FwpahfTk; re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhfTk; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; Nfhnll; (Godet) vd;w tpahf;fpahdp ,jw;F vjpHkhwhfj;jhd; cWjp nfhs;fpwhH:

,e;j tpahf;fpahdk; jd;dhu;tkhdJ khj;jpuky;yhJ> Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; ,ijf; Fwpj;jjhd cjhuzq;fSk; ,y;iy vd;gjhYk; rhjhuz fpNuf;f nkhopapy; mwptjw;F vd;w thHj;ij xU nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk; NghJ

35

Samuel Bénétreau, L'EPITRE DE PAUL AUX ROMAINS, 2nd edition (Vaux-sur-Seine, France: ÉDIFAC, Éditions de la Faculté Libre de Théologie Évangélique, 2002), 1: p. 243. 36

With regard to this definition or explanation see Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., p. 258ff. 37

D. Guthrie, J. A. Motyer, A. M. Stibbs, D. J. Wiseman, The New Bible Commentary Revised, (London: Inter-Varsity Press, 1970), p. 1033.


khj;jpue;jhd; jPHkhdpg;gJ vd;w mHj;jj;ij cilajha; ,Uf;fpd;wgbapdhy; (mjhtJ xd;iw mwptJ vd;W ehk; nrhy;tJ Nghy) ,J xU NghJk; xU egiuf; Fwpf;Fk; nghOJ me;j mHj;jj;ij Fwpg;gjha; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. mg;gbapUf;Fkhdhy;> fpNuf;f nkhopapy; ,J (xU egiu) jPHkhdpg;gJ Fwpj;J vd nghUs;gl Ntz;Lk;.38

,e;j gFjpapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l tpidr;nrhy;yhdJ “Kd;dwpntd;gJ” jPHkhdpg;gij my;yJ njhpe;Jnfhs;siy Fwpf;fpwJ vd nrhy;tJ vt;tsT J}uk; nghUj;jkhdjha; ,Uf;Fk; vd mtHfs; $Wtij ehk; re;Njfg;gl ,d;DnkhU fhuzKk; cz;L. NfhNll; (Godet ) jd;Dila tpthjj;ij gpd;tUkhW njhlHfpwhH.

,e;j mHj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf NtW vd;d NgRfpwJ vd;gij gpd;tUkhW fhzyhk;. mj;NjhL mtHfis Kd;Fwpf;fTk; nra;jhH> ,q;Nf ,uz;L tpidr; nrhw;;fs; xd;whd mHj;jj;ijAilajha; ,Ug;gjdhy; mj;NjhL vd;fpd;w thHj;ijAld; njhlHGgLj;j Kbahjjpdhy; (tpN\lkhf 30k; trdj;jpd; ntspr;rj;jpy;) ,q;Nf nja;tPf eltbf;ifapd; njhlHr;rpahdgbfs; jPHkhdj;jpd;gb tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jg;gl;L fl;lisaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.39

Kd;dwpjy; vd;w KjyhtJ tpidr;nrhy;Yf;F ,uz;lhtJ nrhy;yhd Kd;Fwpj;jy; vd;w gjj;Jld; mHj;jk; nfhLg;gJ rhpay;y vd;Nw ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;. ,uz;lhtJ nrhy;yg;gl;l Kd;Fwpj;jy; vd;w thHj;ijf;F KjyhtJ thHj;ijahf Kd;dwpjyhdJ rhpay;y)

ngNdhpA+ (Bénétreau) “Kd;dwpjiy” Kd;Fwpj;jy; vDk; tpjkhf tpsq;fg;gLj;JfpwhH. vg;gbapUg;gpDk;> mtH NuhkUf;F vOjpa tpahf;fpahzj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl ,g;gb Kd;itf;f tpUk;GfpwhH. mtH ,g;gb ciuf;fpwhH:

trdk; nrhy;yg;gl;l #o;epiyia ehk; mwpe;J ehk; ghHf;Fk; Ntjg; gFjpfspd; tpN\rpj;j gq;fspg;Gfis jPHkhdpg;gjw;F Kaw;rp vLg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. Nuhk 9-11 tiuahd mjpfhuq;fspy; cs;s fhhpaq;fs; vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; (rpwpa gFjpfSk; $l mq;F cz;L) Kd;Fwpj;jypd; gykhd cgNjrk; NjtDila KO Vfhjpgj;jpaj;ij caHj;JfpwJ. mtNu Muk;gpj;J nra;a fhhpaq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLg;gJ> fphpiafsw;w mtUila ghpG+uzkhd ,ytr fpUigia mwptpg;gJ Nghd;wtw;Wld; mg;Ngh];jyd; jd;id xUq;fpizj;Js;shd; vd;gij Fwpj;J ekf;F re;Njfkpy;iy.40

cz;ikapNyNa ,J xU fzkhd (ghukhd)tpthjk;. Nuhk 9-11 tiuAs;s mjpfhuq;fs; fy;tpdpr thjpfspd; ey;y fhuzq;fspd;gbNa mtHfs; Nfhl;ghlhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mtHfs; jPHkhdpf;Fk; Kd;Fwpg;G nfhs;ifia tpRthrpg;gtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. epr;rakhfNt mjpf mstpyhd tpahf;fpahdpfs; ,e;j Fwpg;ghd $w;Wf;fs; XH jPHkhdpf;Fk; tpahf;fpahdj;jpw;F XH Kd;dwpthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd vz;Ztjpy;iy. NfhNll; (Godet) gpd;tUk; tpsf;fj;ij Kd;itf;fpwhH:

vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,g;gbahfj;jhd; rpe;jpf;f J}z;LNthk;: epj;jpaj;jpypUe;Nj vtHfs; mtuhy; md;Gld; ghHf;fg;gl;lhHfNsh> mtHfis mth; jkf;F nrhe;ejkhdtHfshf ghh;f;fpd;whu;. ve;j tpjj;jpy; mtHfis Njtd; Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jpUe;jhH ? epr;rakhfNt xU fhyj;jpy; thOfpd;w kf;fshf (,Uf;fg;Nghfpd;w kf;fshf my;y) my;y. Vndd;why; mg;gb ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> Kd;dwpT vy;yh kdpjiuAk; Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mg;Ngh];jyDk; ,g;gb “Njtd; vtHfis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh”

38

Frédéric Godet, Commentaire sur l’Épître aux Romains (Paris: Sandoz & Fischbacher; Geneva: Desrogis, Neuchâtel: J. Sandoz, 1880), II: p. 212. (We translated it from French into English) 39

Ibid. (We translated it from French into English) 40

Samuel Bénétreau, op. cit., 1: pp. 243-244. (We translated it from French into English)


vd;gjhf nrhy;ypapUf;f khl;lhH. Njtd; vjpHfhyj;jpy; kPl;fg;gl;L kfpikaila Nghfpwth;fshfTk; mth; Kd;dwpatpy;iy@ Vnddpy; mg;Ngh];jyH Ngrg;Nghfpd;w Kd;Fwpj;jypd; jPh;khdj;jpd; kf;fshf mtHfs; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. mNjNtisapy;> ,g;gbg;gl;ltHfs; Kd;dwptpd; gbahdth;fshf ,Uf;f KbahJ. xNunahU gjpy;jhd; ,jw;F cz;L: ,ul;rpg;Gf;F mtrpakhd tpRthrj;ij nfhz;ltHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs; vd;W Kd;dwpag;gl;bUf;fpwhHfs;. vdNt tpRthrj;jpw;$lhf mtUila nrhe;jkhdtHfs; vd mwpag;gl;bUf;fpwhHfs;. mNef tpahf;fpahzpfs; ek;gf;$ba fUj;J cz;ikapy; ,Jjhd;. mf];bd; jd;Dila Muk;g ehl;fspYk;> gpd;dH Y}j;jud; jpUr;rigapdUk; mg;gbahf tpahf;fpahzk; gz;ZfpwhHfs;…. mwpjy; vDk; eltbf;ifahdJk;> mNjNghy ghHj;jy; vDk; eltbf;ifahdJk; ahH mij fhz;fpwhHfNsh ghHf;fpwhHfNsh mtHfs; mij xU nghUshfNt rpe;jpf;fpwhHfs;. fhz;fpd;w ghHf;fpd;w eltbf;if kf;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;iy. khwhf mJ vjph;kiwahfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. mq;Nf cs;s kf;fs; jhd; fhz;fpd;w ghHf;fpd;w kf;fis jPHkhdpf;fpwhHfs;. mNjNghyNt nja;tPf Kd;ghHj;jYk; Kd;dwpjYk;. Vnddpy;> Njtd; fhyq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;ltH@ Mifahy; Kd;ghHj;jy; ghHj;jyhfTk;> ghHf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; ghHf;fg; Nghfpd;wjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy; vjpHfhyj;jpy; ajhHj;jkhf ,Uf;fg; NghFk; tpRthrpapd; tpRthrk;> Mdhy; mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtuJ ghHitapy; vg;NghJk; ,Uf;Fk; tpRthre;jhd; mtUila Kd;dwpit jPHkhdpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tpRthrk; Njtd; mij fhz;gjpdhy; cUthtjpy;iy (,Ug;gjpy;iy). khwhf> ,J xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; my;yJ cUthFk; vd;gjpdhy; mtH mij fhz;fpwhH. ,g;gbahf> mg;Ngh];jyhpd; rpe;jidf;F ehk; te;J NrUfpNwhk;. Njtd; vtHfis Kd;djhf mwpe;jhNuh mtHfs; xUehs; mtiu tpRthrpg;ghHfs;. me;j mtHfsJ tpRthrj;ij mtH epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J fz;bUf;fpwhH. jk;Kila Mr;rHakhd jPHkhdj;jpd; kf;fshf mtH vtHfis Kd;Fwpj;jhNuh mtHfis jk;Kila nrhe;j FkhuDila ghpG+uzkhd rhaYf;F topelj;Jk; kl;Lk; mtHfis iftplkhl;lhH.41

,jd; tpisthf epj;jpaj;jpypUe;J Njtd; vtHfis Kd;dwpe;jpUe;jhNuh mtHfs; xU ehs; mtiu tpRthrpg;ghHfs;. NjtDf;F Kd;ghf nry;Yk; ePjpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s xNu top ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; cs;s NjtDila tpRthrj;jpd; Kd;dwpNt MFk;. ,e;j tpahf;fpahzkhdJ NuhkH epUgj;jpy; ikaf;fUg;nghUSld; (tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhdhFjy;) Kw;whf xj;Jg;NghFk; XH tpahf;fpahzk; vd fUJfpNwd;. Nuhk 9If; Fwpj;J tpN\lkhf 17k; trdj;ijf; Fwpj;J Mh;r;rH (Archer) ,g;gb NgRfpwhH:

,t;trdj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt epj;jpaj;jpw;nfd;W Njtd; jk;Kila kf;fis njhpe;njLj;jpUf;fpwhH. mjd; mHj;jkhdJ mtH nghWj;jpUe;J ghHf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. Muk;gj;jpypUe;J KbAk; tiu mth; vy;yhtw;iwAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwgbahy; fpwp];Jtpd; miog;gpw;F xt;nthU kdpjDila kWj;juTk; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwhH.42

NtWthHj;ijapy; nrhd;dhy;> njhpe;Jnfhs;SjyhdJ tpRthrj;jpd; Kd;dwptpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. ehd; ,g;gbahfj;jhd; fhhpaq;fisg; ghHf;fpNwd;.

Kd;Fwpj;jYf;F Kd;dhdJ Kd;dwpthf ,Uf;fpwJ. Kd;Fwpj;jyhdJ Kd;dwptpd; tpisthFk;. Kd;Fwpj;jypd; nja;tPf epakdj;jpd; cs;slf;fk; vd;dntdpy;> vy;yh tpRthrpfspd; (jk;ik tpRthrpf;fpwtHfshf Kd;dNk mwpag;gl;ltHfs;) [Ptpaj;jpYk; FkhuDila rhay; cUthf;fg;gLtJjhd;. fpwp];Jjhd; njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l vy;NyhhpYk; Nkw;gl;ltuha; xg;gplg;gl Kbahjtuha; ,Uf;fpwhH (Vrh 42:1@ Y}f; 9:35).

41

Frédéric Godet, Commentaire sur l’Épître aux Romains, II: pp. 213-214. (We translated it from French into English) 42

Gleason L. Archer, Encyclopedia of BIBLE DIFFICULTIES (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1982), p. 394.


mtUila rNfhjuHfshfpa tpRthrpfs; mtUf;Fs; njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;shHfs; (vNg 1:4-6).

,e;j Kd;Fwpj;jy; (njhpe;Jnfhs;sy;) nja;tPf fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghHf;Fk; NghJ ,g;gbahf tpsq;fg;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.

Kd;dNk mwpe;jpUj;jy; Kd;Fwpj;jy; mioj;jy; ePjpkhdhf;Fjy; kfpikg;gLj;jy; (tpRthrj;ij ngw;wpUf;fpd;wth;fis)

ehd; jPa;ridg; Nghd;W nja;tPf njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjypy; ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ tpahf;fpahdj;ijNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;. nfhs;ifastpyhd fUJf;fs; mbg;gilahd midtu; kPl;Gf;nfhs;if (“hypothetical Universalism”) my;yJ (,NaR vy;yh kdpjHfSf;fhfTk; khpj;jhH) “kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghteptHj;jp” (“expiatio definita”) (njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lth;fSf;fhf khj;jpuk; ,NaR fpwp];J khpj;jhh;) vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; jpUk;gpg; ghHf;f ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,ij “,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; tpisTfs;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; Muha;Js;Nsd;. njhpe;J nfhs;SjiyAk; Kd;Fwpj;jiyAk; Fwpj;j tpahf;fpahzj;ij Mjhpf;Fk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rpy thHj;ijfis khj;jpuk; epidTgLj;jp epWj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;:

kj; 22:14 me;jg;gbNa> miof;fg;gl;lth;fs; mNefh;> njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;lth;fNsh rpyh; vd;whh;.

kw;w tpahf;fpahdpfNshL $l ,t;thHj;ijfis ,t;thW tpahf;fpahdk;gz;z tpUk;GfpNwd;. Njtd; vy;yh kdpjUk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;Gfpwhh; (xg;. 1jPNkh 2:3-4@ 2NgJ 3:9). vy;yh kdpjHfSf;fhfTk; khpj;j jd;Dila nrhe;j Fkhudhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtplk; tUk; gbahf ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf (vgp 3:7-8) mtH mtHfis miof;fpwhH. vg;gb mtUila gyp mtiu Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwtHfSf;F khj;jpuk; gjpyspf;FNkh> mg;gbNa mtuhy; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltHfs; khj;jpuNk ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; miog;gpw;F rhjfkhd gjpiy nfhLg;ghHfs;.

njhlHe;J tUk; ,NaRtpd; thHj;ijfs; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ:

Nahth 6:44 vd;id mDg;gpd gpjh xUtid ,Oj;Jf;nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mtd; vd;dplj;jpy; tukhl;lhd;@ filrpehspy; ehd; mtid vOg;GNtd;.

,NaRtpd; ,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J mtH vy;yh kdpjiuAk; ,ul;rpg;Gf;nfd;W njhpe;J nfhs;s tpUk;ghky; mtUila jaTs;s rpj;jj;jpdhy; rpyiu njhpe;njLf;fpwhH vd KbTf;F tuyhk;. mNjNtis ,NaR fpwp];J ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jpy; ,t;thW $WfpwhH.

Nahth 12:32 ehd; g+kpapypUe;J cah;j;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> vy;yhiuAk; vd;dplj;jpy; ,Oj;Jf;nfhs;SNtd; vd;whh;.

Njtd; vy;NyhiuAk; mthplj;jpy; ,Oj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH (Nahth 1:12). Mdhy; mthplj;jpy; tUgtHfs; khj;jpuNk ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtH.


B. kdkhw;wk;

gioa Vw;ghlhdJ kdkhw;wj;ijf; Fwpj;J 1000 jlitfSf;F Nkyhf NgRfpwJ. kdkhw;wk;> my;yJ kdkhw;wkiljy; vd;gJ vgpNua nkhopapy; gpujhdkhf “rg;” (“šūb”) vd;w thHj;ijahy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; mHj;jk; jpUk;gp tUjy; my;yJ kde;jpUk;Gjy; MFk;.

Vrh 31:6 ,];uNty; Gj;jpuNu> ePq;fs; Kw;wpYk; tpl;Ltpyfpdthplj;jpy; jpUk;Gq;fs; [shūbū].

Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; kdkhw;wk; vd;gJ “nkl;lhndhah” (metánoia) vd;w thHj;ijahy; Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; mHj;jk; nrhy;yg;gl;l #o;epiyia Fwpj;J “rpe;ij khw;wk;” my;yJ “Fztpay;gpd; khw;wk;”> kdkhw;wk; my;yJ kde;jpUk;GjYf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. my;yJ tpidr; nrhy;yhd nkl;lndhapNah (metanoeō) vd;gjpdhy; Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; mHj;jk;: xUtDila Fztpay;G khWjy;> kdkhwpapUj;jy;> kde;jpUk;Gjy;> tUe;Jjy; vd;gitfshFk;.

kj; 3:2 kde;jpUk;Gq;fs;> guNyhfuh[;ak; rkPgpj;jpUf;fpwJ vdW gpurq;fk; gz;zpdhd;! kj; 3:8 kde;jpUk;GjYf;F Vw;w fdpfisf; nfhLq;fs;. fpNuf;fj;jpy; “kdkhWjy;” my;yJ “kde;jpUk;G” vd;w gjkhdJ vgpNua nkhopapd; tpidr; nrhy;yhd “rg;” [šūb] vd;w thHj;ijAld; xg;gplf;$ba ‘vgp];l;Nuhgp’ (epistrophǽ) vd;w thHj;ijahy; tpsq;fg;gLj;j KbAk;.

mg; 15:3 me;jg;gb mth;fs; rigahuhy; toptpl;lDg;gg;gl;L> ngdpf;Nf rkhhpah ehLfspd; topaha;g; Ngha;> Gw[hjpahh; kde;jpUk;gpd nra;jpia mwptpj;J> rNfhjuh; vy;yhUf;Fk; kpFe;j re;Njh\j;ij cz;lhf;fpdhh;fs;.

,J tpidr; nrhy;yhd vgp];hpNgh/ (epistréphō) vDk; thHj;ijahy; Ghpa itf;fg;gl KbAk;. ,J nrhy;yg;gl;l #o;epiyapd; mbg;gilapy; xU fhhpaj;ij Nehf;fp kde;jpUk;Gjy;> jpUk;gp tUjy; my;yJ jpUk;Gjy;> ,ul;rpf;fg;gLjy; my;yJ kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd nghUs;gLk;. ,e;j kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd;w thHj;ij gpd;tUk; trdj;jpy; fhzg;gl KbAk;.

1njr 1: 9 Vnddpy;> mth;fs;jhNk vq;fisf; Fwpj;J> cq;fsplj;jpy; ehq;fs; mile;j gpuNtrk; ,d;dnjd;gijAk;> [PtDs;s nka;ahd NjtDf;F CopaQ;nra;tjw;F> ePq;fs; tpf;fpufq;fistpl;Lj; Njtdplj;jpw;F kde;jpUk;gpdijAk;>….

,jdhy;> “kde;jpUk;Gjy;” my;yJ “kde;jpUk;gpa” vd;gjd; mHj;jk; xd;wpypUe;J tpLgl;L jpUk;gp tUjy;. cjhuzkhf tpf;fpufj;jpypUe;J [PtDs;s Njtdplj;jpw;F jpUk;gp tUjy; vd mHj;jg;gLk;.

,ul;rpg;ghdJ kde;jpUk;GjiyAk; tpRthrj;ijAk; mbg;gilahf nfhz;lJ:

vgp 6:1 Mifahy;> fpwp];Jitg;gw;wpr; nrhy;ypa %y cgNjr trdq;fis ehk;tpl;L> nrj;j fphpiafSf;F ePq;fyhFk; kde;jpUk;Gjy; [metánoia] > Njtd;Nghpy; itf;Fk; tpRthrk; [pístis]>

kdkhw;wkhdJ kdpjd; Rakhf rk;ghjpf;f$ba xd;wy;y. mtd; tpUk;gpdhYk; mjid mtdhy; nra;a KbahJ. mijtpl mjpfkhf ,ul;rpg;ghdJ epuhfhpf;ff;$ba my;yJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba NjtDila fpUigahf ,Uf;fpwJ.


Nahth 6:44 vd;id mDg;gpd gpjh xUtid ,Oj;Jf;nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mtd; vd;dplj;jpy; tukhl;lhd;@ filrpehspy; ehd; mtid vOg;GNtd;.

vNu 31:18 vd;idj; jpUg;Gk;> mg;nghOJ jpUg;gg;gLNtd; vgpNuaj;jpy;: hašībēnī we’āšūbāh] @ ePNu vd; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh;.

vgp 3:7-8 Mifahy;> ghpRj;jMtpahdth; nrhy;YfpwgbNa: ,d;W mtUila rj;jj;ijf; Nfl;gPh;fshfpy;> tdhe;juj;jpNy Nfhg%l;bdNghJk;> Nrhjidehsp;Yk; ele;jJNghy> cq;fs; ,Ujaq;fisf; fbdg;gLj;jhjpUq;fs;.

kde;jpUk;GjYf;fhd NjtfpUigia epuhfhpf;Fk; RahjPdk; ekf;F cz;L vd Ntjhfkk; ekf;F $WfpwJ. ehd; Vw;fdNt $wpagb> epuhfhpf;f Kbahj fpUigia (gratia irresistibilis) typAWj;Jk; fy;tpdprk; ,jw;F vjpuhfg; NgRfpwJ. ehk; ,ijf; Fwpj;J gpd;dH Fwpg;gpLNthk;. ,e;j fy;tpdpr nfhs;iff;F vjpuhfg; NgRk; rpy NtjgFjpfis Fwpg;gpLfpNwd; kj; 23:37@ Y}f; 13:34@ 7:30.

,g;nghOJ vOk; Nfs;tp vd;dntd;why;> ,ul;rpg;gpd; mDgtj;jpd; jHf;f hPjpahd xOq;F vd;d? vd;gjhFk;. jPa;aprd; gpd;tUkhW ,jw;F gjpyspf;fpwhH:

nka;jhd;. kdkhw;wk;> ePjpkhdhFjy;> kWgpwg;G> fpwp];JTld; If;fpak;> Gj;jpu Rtpfhuk; ,it vy;yhk; xNu Neuj;jpy; elf;fpwJ. ghpRj;jkhFjy; xU eltbf;if khj;jpuk; my;y XH gbKiwAkhFk;. Mdhy; mq;Nf XH fhythpir (chronological) xOq;F fhzg;gltpy;iy. ajhHj;jkhd XH xOq;Nf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.…… NtjhfkkhdJ> kdpjid Njtdplj;jpy; kde;jpUk;Gk;gb miof;fpwJ. ,ul;rpg;G vd;why; Njtdplj;jpw;F jpUk;Gjy;. NjtDila miog;gpw;F kdpjDila cj;juit ,J Fwpf;Fk;. ,jw;F ,U fhuzpfs; cz;L. mit kde;jpUk;GjYk; tpRthrKk; MFk;. NtjhfkkhdJ xU NghJk; kdpjid jd;idj;jhd; ePjpkhdhf;fNth> kWgb n[dpg;gpf;fg;glNth> jd;dhy; jhNd Gj;jpu Rtpfhuj;ijg; ngwNth Nfl;gjpy;iy. Njtd; khj;jpuNk ,f;fhhpaq;fis nra;a KbAk;. kdpjd; NjtDila cjtpAld; khj;jpuk; jhd; Njtdplj;jpy; jpUk;gp tu KbAk; (mg; 11:18@ xg;. 2jPNkh 2:25). “[PtDf;NfJthd kde;jpUk;Gjiy Njtd; Gw [hjpfSf;Fk; mspj;jhH vd vUrNyk; rig Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ”. kde;jpUk;GjYk; tpRthrKk; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjYf;Fk;> ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjy; [PtDf;F topelj;jpaNjnahopa kw;w tpjkhf my;y vd;gJ ,jpypUe;J njspthfpwJ (Nuhk 5:17ff).43

ehd; jPa;aprd; vd;gthpdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l fhythpir xOq;if gpd;gw;WfpNwd;. vdNt kde;jpUk;GjiyAk; tpRthrj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpajhd ,ul;rpg;Gf;F fle;JNghf tpUk;GfpNwd;.

1. kde;jpUk;Gjy;

kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd;gJ jd;idj;jhNd jz;bj;jy; vd;gJld; njhlHGgl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; xUtDila ghtj;jpd; Fw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g jd;dhy; ght eptHj;jp nra;a KbahJ. flid jPHf;f KbahJ vd ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; njspthf $WfpwJ. jd;Dila ghtf;flid jd;Dila nrhe;jf; fphpiaapdhy; ve;jnthU kdpj Kaw;rpf;$lhfTk; nrYj;jp jPHg;gJ vd;gJ NjtDf;F (nfhy;nfhjhtpy; mtuJ fphpiaf;F vjpuhf) mtkhdkha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kPl;gpd; gpuhar;rpj;j gpujpaPl;L gypahy; cz;lhd Njt fpUigiaAk; kd;dpg;igAk; vq;fSf;F Ntz;lhk; vd nrhy;tJ Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

43

Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., p. 268.


a) tiutpyf;fzk;: kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd;why; vd;d?

,e;j thHj;ijahdJ yj;jPdpy; cs;s ,U thHj;ijfshfpa “HP” (“re”) kw;Wk; “ngdpl;nld;;;;rpah” (“paenitentia”) vd;gitfspypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. ,J “kdk; tUe;Jjy;” vdTk; nkhopngaHf;fg;glyhk;. itf;fpgPbahtpy; (Wikipedia) gpd;tUk; tiutpyf;fzk; cs;sij fhZfpNwhk;. kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ Njtdplj;jpw;F jpUk;Gtij njhpT nra;jyhFk;. kj tl;lhuq;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; ,J Njtdplj;jpy; ghtj;ij mwpf;if nra;jiyAk; NjtDf;F tpNuhjkhd ghtj;ij epWj;JjiyAk;> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;gb tho cWjp $WjiyAk; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,J ,aw;ifahfNt Fw;wj;ij xg;Gnfhs;Sjy;. Fw;wj;ij kWgbAk; nra;ahjpUf;f mjw;F thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;Zjy;> jtwhf nra;ag;gl;l fhhpaq;fSf;F ,og;gPl;il nra;a Kaw;rpj;jy;> rhj;jpakhd Kiwapy; jd;Dila jtwpdhy; cz;lhd jPikahd tpisTfis VNjhnthU tpjj;jpy; rPuhf;Fjy; Nghd;w mHj;jq;fisAk; nfhLf;fpwJ.

b) kde;jpUk;Gjypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

1) kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ ,ul;rpg;gpw;F ,d;wpaikahjjhFk; ,jid gpd;tUk; Ntjg;gFjpfs; (NkYk; mNef gFjpfs;) fhz;gpf;fpwJ.

mg; 2:38 NgJU mth;fis Nehf;fp: ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp> xt;nthUtUk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;nfd;W ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ ghpRj;jMtpapd; tuj;ijg; ngWtPh;fs;.

mg; 3:20 cq;fs; ghtq;fs; eptph;j;jpnra;ag;gLk;nghUl;L ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp 44 Fzg;gLq;fs;45.

,e;j gFjpfis gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s gpd;tUk; gFjpfSld; xg;gplTk;.

ePjp 28:13 jd; ghtq;fis kiwf;fpwtd; tho;tilakhl;lhd;@ mitfis mwpf;if nra;J tpl;LtpLfpwtNdh ,uf;fk; ngWthd;

2) kde;jpUk;GjYf;fhd miog;G vy;yh kdpjUf;Fk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mg; 17:30 mwpahikAs;s fhyq;fisj; Njtd; fhzhjth;NghypUe;jhh;@ ,g;nghONjh kde;jpUk;g [metanoeîn] Ntz;Lnkd;W vq;FKs;s kD\nuy;yhUf;Fk; fl;lisapLfpwhh;.

2 NgJ 3:9 jhkjpf;fpwhh; vd;W rpyh; vz;Zfpwgb> fh;j;jh; jkJ thf;Fj;jj;jj;ijf;Fwpj;Jj; jhkjkhapuhky;@ xUtUk; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; vy;yhUk; kde;jpUk;gNtz;Lnkd;W tpUk;gp> ek;Nky; ePba nghWikAs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;.

3) midj;J gioa Vw;ghl;L jPh;f;fjhprpfSk; kde;jpUk;Gk;gb mioj;jhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk; jPHf;fjhprpfs; vy;NyhUk; ,g;gbahd Kiwapy; kde;jpUk;Gjiy tpsq;fg;gLj;jtpy;iy.

vNu 8:6 ehd; ftdpj;Jf; Nfl;Nld;> mth;fs; ajhh;j;jk; Ngrtpy;iy@ vd;d nra;Njndd;W nrhy;yp> jd; nghy;yhg;gpdpkpj;jk; kd];jhgg;gLfpwtd; xUtDkpy;iy@ Aj;jj;Jf;Fs; gha;fpw Fjpiuiag;Nghy mtuth; Ntfkha; Xbg;Nghdhh;fs;.

44

Imperative Aorist metanoh,sate [metanoēsate]. 45

Imperative Aorist evpistre,yate [epistrépsate].


gioa Vw;ghl;by; kde;jpUk;Gjiyf; Fwpj;J gpurq;fpj;j nghpa gpurq;fpfisf; Fwpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ vNukpah> MNkh];> Nahdhit epidT $wyhk;.

4) ,NaRfpwp];JtpdJk; Nahthd; ];ehdfhpdJk; gpurq;fj;jpd; xU ikag;

nghUshf kde;jpUk;Gjy; ,Ue;jJ. Nahthd; ];ehdfd; gpufldg;gLj;jpdhH:

kj; 3:2 kde;jpUk;Gq;fs;> guNyhfuh[;ak; rkPgpj;jpUf;fpwJ vdW gpurq;fk; gz;zpdhd;. ,NaRTk; mNjtpjkhf nrhd;dhH. cjhuzj;jpw;F ghHf;f. kj; 4:17 …kde;jpUk;Gq;fs;> guNyhfuh[;ak; rkPgpj;jpUf;fpwJ..

5) ,NaR fpwp];J jk;Kila rP\HfSf;F kde;jpUk;Gjiy gpurq;fpf;Fk;gb

fl;lisapl;lhH. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,f;fl;lisahdJ mf;fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j mtuJ rP\HfSf;F khj;jpuky;yhJ ,d;Wk; thOk; mtuJ CopaHfs; mjpfkha; nra;Ak;gb typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khw; 6:12 mth;fs; Gwg;gl;Lg;Ngha;: kde;jpUk;Gq;fs; vd;W gpurq;fpj;J@

Y}f; 24:47 …md;wpAk; kde;jpUk;GjYk; ghtkd;dpg;Gk; vUrNyk; njhlq;fpr; rfy Njrj;jhUf;Fk; mtUila ehkj;jpdhNy gpurq;fpf;fg;glTk; Ntz;baJ…

,NaRtpd; rP\Hfs; vq;nfy;yhk; nrd;whHfNsh mq;nfq;yhk; kde;jpUk;Gjiyf; Fwpj;J gpurq;fpj;jhHfs;:

mg; 2:38 NgJU mth;fis Nehf;fp: “ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp> xt;nthUtUk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;nfd;W ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ ghpRj;jMtpapd; tuj;ijg; ngWtPh;fs;”.

mg; 3:20 cq;fs; ghtq;fs; eptph;j;jpnra;ag;gLk;nghUl;L ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp 46 Fzg;gLq;fs;47.

mg; 20:21 Njtdplj;jpw;F kde;jpUk;Gtijf;Fwpj;Jk;> ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jit tpRthrpg;gijf;Fwpj;Jk;> ehd; A+jUf;Fk; fpNuf;fUf;Fk;; rhl;rpahf mwptpj;Njd;.

6) xU ghtp kde;jpUk;Gk; NghJ guNyhfj;jpy; kpFe;j re;Njhrk; cz;lhapUf;fpwJ

ghpRj;j J}jHfs; xU ghtp kde;jpUk;Gk; NghJ re;NjhrkilfpwhHfs;:

Y}f; 15:7 kde;jpUk;g mtrpakpy;yhj njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gJ ePjpkhd;fisf;Fwpj;Jr; re;Njh\k; cz;lhfpwijg;ghh;f;fpYk; kde;jpUk;Gfpw xNughtpapdpkpj;jk; guNyhfj;jpy; kpFe;j re;Njh\k; cz;lhapUf;Fk; vd;W cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd;.

46

Imperative Aorist metanoh,sate [metanoēsate]. 47

Imperative Aorist evpistre,yate [epistrépsate].


Y}f; 15:10 mJNghy kde;jpUk;Gfpw xNu ghtpapdpkpj;jk; NjtDila J}jUf;F Kd;ghfr; re;Njh\Kz;lhapUf;fpwJ vd;W cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;.

c) kde;jpUk;Gjypd; tpjk; NjtDila ntspr;rj;jpy; jd;idf; fhZk; xUtH ,e;j ntspr;rj;ij jd; tho;tpy; cl;Gf mDkjpf;Fk; NghJ KOtJkhf kde;jpUk;GfpwhH. 1) Ghpe;J nfhs;sy;. xU ghtp Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwhH:

mtuJ ghtj;ij NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; Kd;ghf jd;Dila Fw;wj;ij mtUila njhiye;J Nghd epiyia GJg;gpwg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij (mjhtJ GJg;gpf;fg;gliy)

jd;Dila ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J czHe;J jd;Dila jfg;gdplk; jpUk;gpa nfl;l Fkhud; ctikAld; ,jid xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fTk; (Y}f; 15:17-19).

MNyhrid : “ght mwpitf;” Fwpj;J ,U tiffs; cz;nld;W mwpfpNwhk;:

1. cstpay; Muha;T Kiw: ,k;Kiw Nkw;fj;Nja cyf ehLfspy; mjpfkha; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,k;KiwAk; NghJkhdjd;W. Vnddpy; ,J ght mwpf;iff;Fk;> rPHnghUe;JjYf;Fk; gjpyhf kpf mjpfkhf mbikj;jdj;jpw;Fs; top elj;JfpwJ.

2. ghpNra Kiw : ePq;fs; cq;fis kw;wtHfSld; xg;gpl;L cq;fSila ghtj;jpw;F gjpyhf kw;wtHfspd; ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J ghpjgpf;fpwPHfs;. ,e;j KiwAk; epuhfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> ,J xU kdpjdpd; ght jd;ikia czUtjw;F gjpyhf mtid RaePjpkhdhf;f topelj;JfpwJ.

3. ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf czHj;jg;gly; (Nahth 16:8): kdpjd; ,ay;ghfNt jd;id epahag;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpwhd;. ,e;j ,aw;ifahd Rghtk; jdf;Fs;Ns fphpia nra;fpw ghpRj;j Mtpahdtuhy; jhd; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KbAk; (vgp.3:7-8).

2) ek;Kila czHTfs; ghpRj;j Mtpahdtuhy; czHj;jg;gl;l xUtd; jd;Dila ghtq;fisf; Fwpj;J mDgt hPjpahf kdk; tUe;Jjiy czHfpwhd;:

kj; 21:29 “mjw;F mtd;: khl;Nld; vd;whd;@ MfpYk;> gpd;G mtd; kd];jhgg;gl;Lg; Nghdhd;”.

nge;jNfh];Nj ehspy; mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJUtpd; thHj;ijfspdhy; Fj;jg;gl;l rpyhpd; kWj;jutpy; ,Ue;J rpy mofhd cjhuzq;fs; ekf;F fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wd:

mg; 2:38 …NgJU mth;fis Nehf;fp: ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp> xt;nthUtUk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;nfd;W ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ ghpRj;jMtpapd; tuj;ijg; ngWtPh;fs;…

mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTyplk; ,Ue;J fz;bf;Fk; thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;l gpw;ghL nfhhpe;J rigapd; rpy tpRthrpfs; vg;gb gjpyspj;jhHfs; vd;gij xg;gpl;Lg; ghUq;fs;: 2 nfhhp 7:9 ,g;nghOJ re;Njh\g;gLfpNwd;@ ePq;fs; Jf;fg;gl;ljw;fhf my;y>

kde;jpUk;Gfpwjw;NfJthfj; Jf;fg;gl;ljw;fhfNt re;Njh\g;gLfpNwd;@ ePq;fs; xd;wpYk; vq;fshy; e\;lg;glhjgbf;F> NjtDf;Nfw;w Jf;fk; mile;jPh;fNs.


ek;Kila rpe;ijAk; ek;Kila czHTfSk; ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;j czHtpdhYk;> kdk; tUe;jypdhYk; mjpfkha; Ml;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ ek;Kila rhPuKk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. gj;NrghSldhd jd;Dila ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J jhtPJ czHj;jg;gl;l Ntisapy; mtdJ mDgtk; ,jw;F ey;y cjhuzkha; mikfpwJ.

rq; 32:3-4 ehd; mlf;fpitj;jkl;Lk;> epj;jk; vd; fjWjypdhNy vd; vYk;Gfs; cyh;e;JNghapw;W.,uTk; gfYk; vd;Nky; ck;Kila if ghukhapUe;jjpdhy;> vd; rhuk; c\;zfhy twl;rpNghy twz;LNghapw;W.

rq; 38:18 vd; mf;fpukj;ij ehd; mwpf;ifapl;L> vd; ghtj;jpdpkpj;jk; tprhug;gLfpNwd;. 3) ek;Kila rpj;jk; nka;ahd kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpdhy; czHj;jg;gl;l xU kdpjDila rpj;jj;jpd; eltbf;iff;F top elj;Jfpwjha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ek;Kila rpe;ijia <LgLj;Jk; kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ kde;jpUk;Gjypd; cr;rf;fl;lkhf vz;zg;gLfpwJ. mg;gbg;gl;l kde;jpUk;Gjy; ,y;yhky; tho;f;ifapd; gioa topfspy; ,Ue;J> ghtj;jpypUe;J jpUk;g KbahJ. nka;ahd kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ Njtdplj;jpw;F Kw;whf jpUk;Gk; Kd; mtrpakha; (Kd; epge;jid) ,Uf;fpwJ. mg;gbg;gl;l kde;jpUk;Gjy; ,g;gbg;gl;l gz;Gfis cilajha; ,Uf;Fk;.

a) ght mwpf;if ,e;j Kf;fpakhd rj;jpaj;ijf; Fwpj;J mbf;Nfhbl;L fhl;Ltjw;fhd %d;W Ntjhfk gFjpfs; ,Njh:

rq; 38:18 vd; mf;fpukj;ij ehd; mwpf;ifapl;L> vd; ghtj;jpdpkpj;jk; tprhug;gLfpNwd;.

Y}f; 15:21 Fkhud; jfg;gid Nehf;fp: “jfg;gNd> guj;Jf;F tpNuhjkhfTk;> ckf;F Kd;ghfTk; ghtQ;nra;Njd;> ,dpNky; ck;Kila Fkhud; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtjw;F ehd; ghj;jpud; my;y” vd;W nrhd;dhd;.

1Nahth 1:9 ek;Kila ghtq;fis ehk; mwpf;ifapl;lhy;> ghtq;fis ekf;F kd;dpj;J vy;yh mepahaj;ijAk; ePf;fp ek;ikr; Rj;jpfhpg;gjw;F mth; cz;ikAk; ePjpAk; cs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;.

b) ghtj;jpypUe;J jpUk;Gjy;.

Vrh 55:7 Jd;khh;f;fd; jd; topiaAk;> mf;fpukf;fhud; jd; epidTfisAk; tpl;L> fh;j;jhplj;jpy; jpUk;gf;fltd;@ mth; mtd;Nky; kdJUFthh;@ ek;Kila Njtdplj;jpw;Nf jpUk;gf;fltd;@ mth; kd;dpf;fpwjw;Fj; jia ngUj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

ePjp 28:13 jd; ghtq;fis kiwf;fpwtd; tho;tilakhl;lhd;@ mitfis mwpf;if nra;J tpl;LtpLfpwtNdh ,uf;fk; ngWthd;.

c) Njtid Nehf;fp jpUk;Gjy; Jd;khHf;fkhd kdpjd; jd;Dila ght topia tpl;L tplTk; Njtdplj;jpw;F jpUk;GtijAk; Vrh 55:7 y; Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;bAs;Nshk;.

Vrh 55:7b fh;j;jhplj;jpy; jpUk;gf;fltd;@ mth; mtd;Nky; kdJUFthh;@ ek;Kila Njtdplj;jpw;Nf jpUk;gf;fltd;@ mth; kd;dpf;fpwjw;Fj; jia ngUj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

mg; 2:38 kde;jpUk;gp..


ntsp 2:5 Mifahy;> eP ,d;d epiyikapypUe;J tpOe;jhnad;gij epidj;J> kde;jpUk;gp> Mjpapy; nra;j fphpiafisr; nra;thahf@ ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehd; rPf;fpukha; cd;dplj;jpy; te;J> eP kde;jpUk;ghjgl;rj;jpy;> cd; tpsf;Fj;jz;il mjdplj;jpdpd;W ePf;fptpLNtd;.

,aYkhdtiu jhd; nra;j jtwpdhy; te;j ,og;ig <L nra;a XH ghtp Maj;jkha; ,Ug;ghuhdhy; mJjhd; nka;ahd kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd mwpag;gLk;. (Y}f; 19:8@ Nytp 5:21-26@ vz; 5:6-8).

Y}f; 3:8 kde;jpUk;GjYf;F Vw;w fdpfisf; nfhLq;fs;@ Mgpufhk; vq;fSf;Fj; jfg;gd; vd;W cq;fSf;Fs;Ns nrhy;yj;njhlq;fhjpUq;fs;@ Njtd; ,e;jf; fy;YfspdhNy MgpufhKf;Fg; gps;isfis cz;Lgz;z ty;ytuhapUf;fpwhh; vd;W cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd;.

d.) kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd;why; nka;ahd kde;jpUk;GjYf;F topelj;Jfpwjha; ,Uf;fpwJ.

NjtDila fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kde;jpUk;Gjy; xU <T: mg; 5:31 ,];uNtYf;F kde;jpUk;GjiyAk; ghtkd;dpg;igAk; mUSfpwjw;fhf>

mtiu mjpgjpahfTk; ,ul;rfuhfTk; jkJ tyJfuj;jpdhNy cah;j;jpdhh;.

mg; 11:18 ,itfis mth;fs; Nfl;lnghOJ mkh;e;jpUe;J: mg;gbahdhy; [PtDf;NfJthd kde;jpUg;Gjiyj; Njtd; Gw[hjpahUf;Fk; mUspr;nra;jhh; vd;W nrhy;yp> Njtid kfpikg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;.

kdpjidg; nghWj;jkl;by; kde;jpUk;gjy; ntspg;Gwj;jpypUe;J cz;lhFk; xU fhhpakhFk;.

1. NjtDila thHj;ij kj; 12:41 Nahdhtpd; gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;L epdpNt gl;lzj;jhh; kde;jpUk;gpdhh;fs;.

,Njh> NahdhtpYk; nghpath; ,q;Nf ,Uf;fpwhh;. Mjyhy; epahaj;jPh;g;GehspNy epdpNt gl;lzj;jhh; ,e;jr; re;jjpahNuhnlOe;J epd;W ,th;fs;Nky; Fw;wQ;Rkj;Jthh;fs;.

gzf;fhu kdpjDk; yhrUtpdJk; ctikahdJ Kf;fpakhf NjtDila thu;j;ijapd; rhl;rpf;F kdpjd; nfhLf;Fk; gjpiy fhz;gpf;fpwJ. mw;Gjq;fspd; Mjpf;fk; (mNj Nghd;w) fhhpaq;fs; ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy:

Y}f; 16:30-31 mjw;F mtd;: mg;gbay;y> jfg;gdhfpa MgpufhNk> khpj;NjhhpypUe;J xUtd; mth;fsplj;jpw;Fg; Nghdhy; kde;jpUk;Gthh;fs; vd;whd;.mjw;F mtd;: mth;fs; NkhNrf;Fk; jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;Fk; nrtpnfhlhtpl;lhy;> khpj;NjhhpypUe;J xUtd; vOe;JNghdhYk;> ek;gkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhd; vd;whh;.

nge;jNfh];Nj ehspy; vUrNykpy; mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJUtpd; gpurq;fj;jpd; jhf;fk; mUikahd XH cjhuzkha; ,Uf;fpwJ:

mg; 2:37 ,ij mth;fs; Nfl;lnghOJ> ,Ujaj;jpNy Fj;jg;gl;lth;fshfp> NgJUitAk; kw;w mg;Ngh];jyiuAk; ghh;j;J: rNfhjuNu> ehq;fs; vd;dnra;aNtz;Lk; vd;whh;fs;.

2. NjtDila ew;jd;ik.

Nuhk 2:4 my;yJ NjtjaT eP Fzg;gLk;gb cd;id VTfpwnjd;W mwpahky;>

mtUila jaT nghWik ePbarhe;jk; ,itfspd; IRthpaj;ij mrl;ilgz;ZfpwhNah?


2 NgJ 3:9 jhkjpf;fpwhh; vd;W rpyh; vz;Zfpwgb> fh;j;jh; jkJ thf;Fj;jj;jj;ijf;Fwpj;Jj; jhkjkhapuhky;@ xUtUk; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; vy;yhUk; kde;jpUk;gNtz;Lnkd;W tpUk;gp> ek;Nky; ePba nghWikAs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;.

3. NjtDila rpl;ir. jd;Dila Nfhgj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf khj;jpuk; Njtd; jk;Kila gps;isfis rpl;rpg;gjpy;iy. mjw;F mg;ghy;> mtHfs; kde;jpUk;gp jk;kplj;jpy; tUk;gbf;Nf mtHfis rpl;rpf;fpwhH:

vgp 12:6.10-11 fh;j;jh; vtdplj;jpy; md;G$UfpwhNuh mtid mth; rpl;rpj;J> jhk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sfpw ve;j kfidAk; jz;bf;fpwhh;… mth;fs; jq;fSf;F eynkd;WNjhd;wpdgb nfhQ;rf;fhyk; rpl;rpj;jhh;fs;@ ,tNuh jk;Kila ghpRj;jj;Jf;F ehk; gq;Fs;sth;fshFk;nghUl;L ek;Kila gpuNah[dj;Jf;fhfNt ek;ikr; rpl;rpf;fpwhh;. ve;jr; rpl;irAk; jw;fhyj;jpy; re;Njh\kha;f; fhzhky; Jf;fkha;f; fhZk;@ MfpYk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; mjpy; gofpdth;fSf;F mJ ePjpahfpa rkhjhd gyidj; jUk;.

ntsp 3:19 ehd; Nerpf;fpwth;fnsth;fNsh mth;fisf; fbe;Jnfhz;L rpl;rpf;fpNwd;@ Mifahy; eP [hf;fpuijahapUe;J> kde;jpUk;G.

4. fpwp];jtHfSf;Fk; rig xOf;fhw;W eltbf;iffSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd gu];gu mwpTWj;jy;.

gu];gu fbe;J nfhs;Sjypd; Fwpf;NfhshdJ ghtk; nra;j fpwp];jtdpd; kde;jpUk;GjyhFk;. ,J VNjh xUtiu Mf;fpizf;Fs;shf jPHf;Fk; XH fhhpak; my;y. fbe;J nfhs;SjyhdJ mopf;Fk; jd;ikAilajha; ,uhky; fl;bnaOg;Gk; jd;ikAilajha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kj; 7:5 khaf;fhuNd! Kd;G cd; fz;zpypUf;fpw cj;jpuj;ij vLj;Jg;NghL@ gpd;G cd; rNfhjud; fz;zpypUf;fpw JUk;ig vLj;Jg;Nghl tifghh;g;gha;.

cyfshtpa rigia rw;W Kd;djhf Fwpg;gpl;L (kj; 16:18y;) cs;SH rigf;Fs;Ns xOf;f eltbf;ifia Fwpj;J ,NaR fpwp];J jk;Kila rP\HfSf;F nfhLj;j fl;lisia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

kj; 18:15-17 cd; rNfhjud; cdf;F. tpNuhjkhff; Fw;wQ;nra;jhy;> mtdplj;jpy; Ngha;> ePAk; mtDk; jdpj;jpUf;ifapy;> mtd; Fw;wj;ij mtDf;F czh;j;J@ mtd; cdf;Fr; nrtpnfhLj;jhy;> cd; rNfhjuid Mjhag;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lha;.mtd; nrtpnfhlhkw;Nghdhy;> ,uz;L %d;W rhl;rpfSila thf;fpdhNy rq;fjpfnsy;yhk; epiytug;gLk;gb> ,uz;nlhUtiu cd;DlNd $l;bf;nfhz;L Ngh.mth;fSf;Fk; mtd; nrtpnfhlhkw;Nghdhy;> mijr; rigf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;J@ rigf;Fk; nrtpnfhlhjpUg;ghdhdhy;> mtd; cdf;F mQ;Qhdpiag;NghyTk; Maf;fhuidg;NghyTk; ,Ug;ghdhf.

2 nfhhp 2:6-8 mg;gbg;gl;ltDf;F mNefuhy; cz;lhd ,e;j jz;lidNa NghJk;.Mjyhy; mtd; mjpf Jf;fj;jpy; mkpo;e;JNghfhjgbf;F> ePq;fs; mtDf;F kd;dpj;J MWjy;nra;aNtz;Lk;. me;jg;gb> cq;fs; md;ig mtDf;Ff; fhz;gpf;Fk;gb cq;fis Ntz;bf;nfhs;SfpNwd;.

fpwp];jt xOf;f eltbf;ifahdJ Nehia fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; xU jLg;G eltbf;iff;F xg;gpl KbAk;. mjid XH ePjpkd;w tprhuidfNahL Fog;gpf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.


5. jdpg;gl;l hPjpahf Njtid re;jpj;jy; kde;jpUk;GjYf;F xUtH topelj;jg;gLk; NghJ mtH NjtDld; xU tpN\rpj;j re;jpg;ig mDgtpf;fpwhh;. ,q;Nf kde;jpUk;gpa kf;fisf; Fwpj;j rpy cjhuzq;fs;:

mg; 9 : gTypd; kde;jpUk;Gjy; (rTy; gTyhdhd;)

NahG 42:5-6 : Njtkfpikia tpRthrj;jpdhy; fz;L kde;jpUk;;gpa NahG ,t;thW

$WfpwhH: “vd; fhjpdhy; ck;ikf;Fwpj;Jf; Nfs;tpg;gl;Nld;@ ,g;nghONjh vd; fz; ck;ikf; fhz;fpwJ. Mifahy; ehd; vd;id mUtUj;J> J}spYk; rhk;gypYk; ,Ue;J kd];jhgg;gLfpNwd; vd;whd;.”

rf 12:10 : ,Wjp fhyj;jpy; ,];uNty; xU Njrkhf kde;jpUk;Gk; vd;gij $WfpwJ “ehd; jhtPJ FLk;gj;jhhpd;NkYk; vUrNyk; Fbfspd;NkYk; fpUigapd; MtpiaAk; tpz;zg;gq;fspd; MtpiaAk; Cw;WNtd;@ mg;nghOJ mth;fs; jhq;fs; Fj;jpd vd;id Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;J> xUtd;jd; xNu NgwhdtDf;fhfg; Gyk;GfpwJNghy vdf;fhfg; Gyk;gp> xUtd; jd; jiyr;rd; gps;isf;fhfj; Jf;fpf;fpwJNghy vdf;fhf kdq;fre;J Jf;fpg;ghh;fs;.”(ntsp 1:7@ Nuhk 11:25-27).

e. kde;jpUk;Gjypd; tpj;jpahrkhd topfs; kf;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd tpjq;fspy; jq;fs; kdkhw;wj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd ghH;f;fpNwhk;. mOifapdhy;> cgthrj;jpdhy;> fz;zPhpdhy;> mtHfSila t];jpuq;fs; Nghd;witfspdhy; ……

1,uh[h 21:27 Mfhg; ,e;j thh;j;ijfisf; Nfl;lNghJ> jd; t];jpuq;fisf; fpopj;J> jd; rhPuj;jpd;Nky; ,ul;ilg; Nghh;j;Jf;nfhz;L> cgthrk;gz;zp> ,ul;bNy gLj;Jj; jho;ikaha; ele;Jnfhz;lhd;.

Nahdh 3:5 mg;nghOJ epdpNtapYs;s [dq;fs; Njtid tpRthrpj;J> cgthrQ;nra;Ak;gbf; $wpdhh;fs;@ nghpNahh;Kjy; rpwpNahh;kl;Lk; ,ul;LLj;jpf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

kj; 26:75 mg;nghOJ NgJU: Nrty; $Tfpwjw;FKd;Nd eP vd;id %d;Wjuk; kWjypg;gha; vd;W ,NaR jd;dplj;jpy; nrhd;d trdj;ij epidj;Jf;nfhz;L> ntspNa Ngha;> kdq;fre;J mOjhd;.

ntspg;Gwkhd milahsk; khj;jpuk; my;y ,Ujaj;jpd; kdg;ghd;ikNa Kf;fpak; vd;gjpy; ehk; mtjhdkha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

NahNt 2:12-13 Mjyhy; ePq;fs; ,g;nghONj cgthrj;NjhLk; mOifNahLk; Gyk;gNyhLk; cq;fs; KO ,Ujaj;NjhLk; vd;dplj;jpy; jpUk;Gq;fs; vd;W fh;j;jh; nrhy;Yfpwhh;. ePq;fs; cq;fs; t];jpuq;fisay;y> cq;fs; ,Ujaq;fisf; fpopj;J> cq;fs; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; ,lj;jpy; jpUk;Gq;fs;@ mth; ,uf;fKk;> kd cUf;fKk;> ePba rhe;jKk;> kpFe;j fpUigAKs;sth;@ mth; jPq;Ff;F kd];jhgg;gLfpwtUkhapUf;fpwhh;.

mtpRthrpfspdJk;> tpRthrpfspdJk; ,ilapyhd kde;jpUk;Gjiyf; Fwpj;J ehk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhzNtz;Lk;:

1) mtpRthrpfspd; kde;jpUk;Gjy;. mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,ul;rpg;ig ngWtjw;fhd Kjw;gb kde;jpUk;GjyhFk;. nge;jNfh];Nj ehspy; kde;jpUk;gpa jpushd A+j[dq;fspd; kde;jpUk;Gjypd; cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUk;GNthk;:


mg; 2: 37-38 ,ij mth;fs; Nfl;lnghOJ> ,Ujaj;jpNy Fj;jg;gl;lth;fshfp> NgJUitAk; kw;w mg;Ngh];jyiuAk; ghh;j;J: rNfhjuNu> ehq;fs; vd;dnra;aNtz;Lk; vd;whh;fs;. NgJU mth;fis Nehf;fp: ePq;fs; kde;jpUk;gp> xt;nthUtUk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;nfd;W ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ ghpRj;jMtpapd; tuj;ijg; ngWtPh;fs;.

2) tpRthrpfspd; kde;jpUk;Gjy;. tpRthrpfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ xNu jlitapy; ele;J Kbe;j mDgtk; my;y. mJ mtHfSf;F epue;jukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba kdg;ghd;ikahFk;. xU tpRthrp ghtj;jpy; rpf;fpf;nfhz;lhy; xU nka;ahd kde;jpUk;GjYf;$lhf NjtDld; If;fpag;gl mtH xg;Guthf;fg;gl KbAk;. 1 Nahth 1:9 ek;Kila ghtq;fis ehk; mwpf;ifapl;lhy;> ghtq;fis ekf;F

kd;dpj;J vy;yh mepahaj;ijAk; ePf;fp ek;ikr; Rj;jpfhpg;gjw;F mth; cz;ikAk; ePjpAk; cs;stuhapUf;fpwhh;.

3) (cs;SH) jpUr;rigapd; kde;jpUk;Gjy;. 1nfhhp 5:2ffy; jq;fs; kj;jpapNy rfpj;Jf; nfhz;l ghtj;ijf; Fwpj;J kde;jpUk;Gk; gbahf nfhhpe;J rigia gTy; fz;bf;fpwhH. ntsp 2-3 mjpfhuq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rigfSf;fhd fbjq;fspy; fHj;jH kde;jpUk;GjYf;fhd miog;ig mtHfSf;F tpLf;fpwhH vd;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,d;Wk; $l fHj;jH rigfis kde;jpUk;Gk;gbahf miof;fpwhH. Vnddpy; kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ vOg;GjYf;F Kd; epge;jidahf ,Uf;fpwJ.

4) (xU Njrkhf) ,];uNtypd; kde;jpUk;Gjy;. fpwp];J ,Wjp fhyj;jpy; kWgb tUk; NghJ ,];uNty; xU Njrkhf kde;jpUk;Gtijf; Fwpj;J Ntjhfkk; ciuf;fpwJ.

rf 12:10 ehd; jhtPJ FLk;gj;jhhpd;NkYk; vUrNyk; Fbfspd;NkYk; fpUigapd; MtpiaAk; tpz;zg;gq;fspd; MtpiaAk; Cw;WNtd;@ mg;nghOJ mth;fs; jhq;fs; Fj;jpd vd;id Nehf;fpg;ghh;j;J> xUtd; jd; xNu NgwhdtDf;fhfg; Gyk;GfpwJNghy vdf;fhfg; Gyk;gp> xUtd; jd; jiyr;rd; gps;isf;fhfj; Jf;fpf;fpwJNghy vdf;fhf kdq;fre;J Jf;fpg;ghh;fs;.

Nuhk 11:25-27 NkYk;> rNfhjuNu> ePq;fs; cq;fisNa Gj;jpkhd;fnsd;W

vz;zhjgbf;F xU ,ufrpaj;ij ePq;fs; mwpaNtz;Lnkd;wpUf;fpNwd;@ mnjd;dntdpy;> Gw[hjpahUila epiwTcz;lhFk;tiuf;Fk; ,];uNtyhpy; xU gq;Ff;Ff; fbdkhd kdJz;lhapUf;Fk;. ,e;jg;gpufhuk; ,];uNtynuy;yhUk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLthh;fs;. kPl;fpwth; rPNahdpypUe;J te;J> mtgf;jpia ahf;Nfhigtpl;L> tpyf;Fthh; vd;Wk;@ ehd; mth;fSila ghtq;fis ePf;Fk;NghJ> ,JNt ehd; mth;fSlNd nra;Ak; cld;gbf;if vd;Wk; vOjpapUf;fpwJ.

Mdhy; ,d;W> fpUigapd; fhyj;jpy; xU A+jDilaJk; Gw[hjpapDilaJk; kde;jpUk;GjYf;F ,ilapy; ve;jtpjkhd tpj;jpahrj;ijAk; fhz KbahJ: Nuhk 3:9-10.23 MdhYk; vd;d? mth;fisg;ghh;f;fpYk; ehq;fs; tpNr\pj;jth;fsh?

vt;tsNtDk; tpNr\pj;jth;fsy;y. a+jh; fpNuf;fh; ahtUk; ghtj;jpw;Fl;gl;l th;fnsd;gij Kd;G jpU\;lhe;jg;gLj;jpNdhNk. me;jg;gbNa: ePjpkhd; xUtdhfpYk; ,y;iy@... vy;yhUk; ghtQ;nra;J> Njtkfpik aw;wth;fshfp>..

5) Fwpf;Nfhis (Nehf;fj;ij) jtwtpLk; kde;jpUk;Gjy;.

Ntjhfkk; Nghypahd kde;jpUk;Gjiyf;Fwpj;Jk; NgRfpwJ:


Xrp 6:1-2@ 7:16 fh;j;jhplj;jpy; jpUk;GNthk; thUq;fs;@ ek;ikg; gPwpdhh;> mtNu ek;ikf; Fzkhf;Fthh;@ ek;ik mbj;jhh;> mtNu ek;Kila fhaq;fisf; fl;Lthh;. ,uz;L ehSf;Fg;gpd;G mth; ek;ik caph;g;gpg;ghh;@ %d;whk; ehspy; ek;ik vOg;Gthh;@ mg;nghOJ ehk; mtUila rKfj;jpy; gpioj;jpUg;Nghk;…. jpUk;Gfpwhh;fs;> MdhYk; cd;djkhdthplj;jpw;F my;y@ Nkhrk; Nghf;Ffpw tpy;iyg; NghypUf;fpwhh;fs;@ mth;fSila mjpgjpfs; jq;fs; ehtpDila cf;fpuj;jpdpkpj;jk; gl;laj;jhy; tpOthh;fs;@ ,JNt vfpg;J Njrj;jpdp kpj;jk; mth;fSf;F tUk; epe;ij.

cz;ikahd kde;jpUk;GjYf;F gjpyhf xU nrhe;jkhd nghUis ,oe;jjpdhy; my;yJ mtkhdk; Vw;gl;ljhy; (xU fhag;gl;l ngUik) kdtUj;jk; milayhk;.

1 rhK 15:30 mjw;F mtd;: ehd; ghtQ;nra;Njd;@ ,g;NghJ vd; [dj;jpd; %g;gUf;F Kd;ghfTk;> ,];uNtYf;F Kd;ghfTk; ePh; vd;idf; fdk;gz;zp> ehd; ck;Kila Njtdhfpa fh;j;jiug; gzpe;J nfhs;Sk;gbf;F> vd;NdhNl$lj; jpUk;gp thUk; vd;whd;.

xUtUila ghtj;jpd; Ntjidf;Fhpa tpistpdhy; kdtUj;jg;gLtJk; rhj;jpaNk.

kj; 27:3 mg;nghOJ> mtiuf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;j a+jh];> mth; kuzhf;fpidf; Fs;shfj; jPh;f;fg;gl;lijf; fz;L> kd];jhgg;gl;L> me;j Kg;gJ nts;spf;fhirg; gpujhd Mrhhpahplj;jpw;Fk; %g;ghplj;jpw;Fk; jpUk;gf; nfhz;Lte;J:

,g;gbg;gl;l kde;jpUk;Gjy; ek;ik xUNghJk; Njtdplj;jpw;F kWgbAk; topelj;jhJ. ehk; kde;jpUk;Gjiy Njtdplj;jpw;F XH ew;fphpia Nghy; toq;f KbahJ.48

MNyhrid : jtwhd tpjkhf kde;jpUk;GjYf;fhd rpy cjhuzq;fs; ,Njh:

jz;bj;jy; mjhtJ jdf;Fj;jhNd Ntjidia Vw;gLj;jy;> jd;idj;jhNd fhag;gLj;jy;> Ra rhPuj;ij tUj;Jjy;.

Ra Mf;fpiz> Ra Fw;wg;gLj;jy; kdk; tUe;Jfpd;w czHT NkNyhl;lkhd ght mwpf;if49

KbT : cz;ikahd kde;jpUk;Gjy; tpRthrj;ij Nehf;fpNa vg;NghJk; topelj;Jk;. ,J vg;nghOJk; ghtj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp Njtid Nehf;fp ghHj;jyhFk;. kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ xU NghJk; xU ,Wjp ,yf;F my;y> khwhf> mJ xU Gjpa Muk;gj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ.

mg; 2:38 “kde;jpUk;gp mj;Jld;” (,jpy; “mj;Jld;” vd;w thHj;ijahdJ njhlHe;J

tUk; eilKiw topfis Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ).

tpRthrj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf kde;jpUk;Gjy; ew;fphpiafis cz;lhf;FfpwJ:

48

fj;Njhypf;f tl;lhuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; kde;jpUk;Gjypd; fphpia (ght rq;fPHj;jdk;) Kw;wpYk; Ntjhfkj;jpw;F Gwk;ghdJ. 49 ePq;fs; kWgbAk; ,e;j ghtj;ij nra;tPHfs; vd;W mwpe;Jk;> me;j ghtj;ij mwpf;if nra;fpwPHfs;. ,g;gbg;gl;l J\;gpuNahfk; ghtmwpf;if tl;lhuq;fspy; nghJthf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Njh xU cjhuzk;> fspahl;l Ntisfspy; mNefH tpgr;rhuj;jpYk; my;yJ fhk tptfhuj;jpYk; my;yJ ,uz;bYk; <LgLfpwhHfs;. gpd;dH ght mwpf;iff;fhf NghfpwhHfs;. g+irapd; NghJ FUthdthplj;jpy; mwpf;if nra;fpwhHfs;. ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gLk; egH jhd; nra;j mNj ghtj;ij kWgbAk; nra;Ntd; vd;w Kd;dwpT mtUf;F cz;L. gpd;dH jd;idf; FUthdtH kd;dpj;J tpLthH vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ghtj;ij kPz;Lk; nra;fpwhu;fs;.


epah 10:16 me;epa Njth;fisj; jq;fs; eLtpypUe;J tpyf;fptpl;L> fh;j;jUf;F Muhjid nra;jhh;fs;@ mg;nghOJ mth; ,];uNtypd; tUj;jj;ijg; ghh;j;J kdJUfpdhh;.

ntsp 2:5 Mifahy;> eP ,d;d epiyikapypUe;J tpOe;jhnad;gij epidj;J> kde;jpUk;gp> Mjpapy; nra;j fphpiafisr; nra;thahf@ ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehd; rPf;fpukha; cd;dplj;jpy; te;J> eP kde;jpUk;ghjgl;rj;jpy;> cd; tpsf;Fj;jz;il mjdplj;jpdpd;W ePf;fptpLNtd;.

cz;ikahd kde;jpUk;Gjy; ntWkNd vq;fSila ghtq;fNshL khj;jpuk;

njhlHGilajy;y@ ,J ek;Kila Fzhjpraj;ij ghjpf;Fk; my;yJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk;.

cz;ikahd kde;jpUk;Gjy; Kjd; Kjyhf xU kdg;ghd;ikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ te;J te;J NghFk; fhhpak; my;y.

cz;ikahd kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ vg;NghJNk xUtUila tho;tpy; cs;s fHj;jhpd; ntw;wpahFk;. mJ vg;NghJNk Njt kfpikf;F topelj;Jtjha; ,Uf;Fk;.

nka;ahf kde;jpUk;GjyhdJ Njtfl;lisf;F fPo;g;gbtjhFk;. vd;Dila ght mwpf;if ehd; ,Uf;Fk; epiyia tpl vd;id Nkhrkhf;fhJ vd;gij czHe;J nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

2. tpRthrk;

tpRthrkpy;yhky; Njtid gphpag;gLj;JtJ $lhj fhhpak; vd Ntjhfkk; $WfpwJ:

vgp 11:6 tpRthrkpy;yhky; NjtDf;Fg; gphpakhapUg;gJ $lhjfhhpak;@ Vndd;why;> Njtdplj;jpy; NrUfpwtd; mth; cz;nld;Wk;> mth; jk;ikj; NjLfpwth;fSf;Fg; gyd; mspf;fpwtnud;Wk; tpRthrpf;fNtz;Lk;.

a) “tpRthrk;” vd;why; vd;d>? tpRthrk; vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F gpd;tUk; trdkhdJ rpwg;ghd tiutpyf;fzkha; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

vgp 11:1 tpRthrkhdJ ek;gg;gLfpwitfspd; cWjpAk; fhzg;glhjitfspd; epr;raKkhapUf;fpwJ.

vgpNua epUgj;jpd; 11tJ mjpfhuj;jpd; kw;iwa gFjpfs; (tpRthr tPuH gl;bay; vd mjpfkha; miof;fg;gLfpw) ,Wjpapy; tpRthr tho;f;ifAk; ek;gpf;ifAila tho;f;ifAk; tho;e;j Mz;fisAk; ngz;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpwjha; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtHfSila tho;Tk; mDgtq;fSk; “tpRthrk;” vd;why; vd;d vd;gij Gfoj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; tpsq;fg;gLj;JfpwJ. kj; 8:10Yk; 15:28Yk; fhzg;gLk; [dq;fspd; tpRthrj;ij ,NaR fpwp];J ghuhl;ba cjhuzj;ijAk; Muha;e;J ghUq;fs;. Mgpufhk; “tpRthrj;jpd; je;ij” vd mwpag;gl;lhd; (ahf; 2:23). mtd; mtdJ re;jjpia fhzhkNy tpRthrpj;jhd;:

Mjp 15:6 mtd; fh;j;jiu tpRthrpj;jhd;> mij mth; mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zpdhh;. ,e;j trdk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; gpd;tUk; gFjpfspy; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nuhk 4:3 Ntjthf;fpak; vd;d nrhy;YfpwJ? “Mgpufhk; Njtid tpRthrpj;jhd;> mJ mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gl;lJ” vd;W nrhy;YfpwJ.


fyh 3:6-7 mg;gbNa Mgpufhk; Njtid tpRthrpj;jhd;> mJ mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gl;lJ. Mifahy; tpRthrkhh;f;fj;jhh;fs; vth;fNsh mth;fNs Mgpufhkpd; gps;isfnsd;W mwptPh;fshf.

ahf; 2:23-26 mg;gbNa Mgpufhk; Njtid tpRthrpj;jhd;> mJ mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gl;lJ vd;fpw Ntjthf;fpak; epiwNtwpw;W@ mtd; NjtDila rpNefpjndd;dg;gl;lhd;. Mjyhy;> kD\d; tpRthrj;jpdhNykhj;jpuky;y> fphpiafspdhNyAk; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpwhndd;W ePq;fs; fhz;fpwPh;fNs. (,q;Nf tpRthrj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; fphpiaiaf;Fwpj;J $WfpwJ).

“tpRthrpg;gJ” vd;w thHj;ijahdJ vgpNua nkhopapy; xU fhhpaj;ij nra;a J}z;Ljy; vDk; mh;j;jj;ijAila Mkhd; (’āman) vd;w tpidr;nrhy;yhy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Nj thHj;ij nrhy;yg;gl;l #o;epiyiag; nghWj;J “tpRthrpg;gJ” “kWgbAk; epr;rag;gLj;jg;gLtJ” Nghd;w mHj;jj;jpy; nghUs;gLk;. ,jDila milnkhopahd “Mnkd;” (’āmēn) vd;gJ “cz;ik” vd nghUs;gLk;. ,e;j thHj;ijapd; tpidnar;rk; “epr;rakhfNt”> “mg;gbNa Mfl;Lk;”. mjhtJ “Mnkd;” vd nghUs;gLk;. ek;Kila n[gj;jpd; Kbtpy; nrhy;Yk; “Mnkd;” vd;gJ $l vgpNua nrhy;ypd; Nthpy; ,Ue;J tUk; “mg;gbNa Mfl;Lk;” vd;gjhFk;. ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tplak; vd;dntdpy;> ,e;j vgpNua thHj;ijapd; mbahdJ tpRthrk; ek;gpf;if> cz;ikAs;s jd;ik> cWjpAs;s jd;ik> mNjNghd;W cz;ik vd nghUs;gLk;. kWthHj;ijapy; nrhd;dhy;> tpRthrKk; cz;ikAk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ.

RtpN\rj;jpy; mg;Ngh];jydhfpa Nahthd; NjtFkhudhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jit “thHj;ij” (fpNuf;f nkhopapy; NyhNfh];) vd miof;fpwhH. ntspg;gLj;jy; Gj;jfj;jpy; Nahthd; mNj jiyg;ig mtUf;F nfhLf;fpwhH (ntsp 19:13). mNjNtis> mtH jd;id Mnkd; vd;Wk;> cz;ikAs;stH vd;Wk;> rj;jpaKs;stH vd;Wk; miof;fpwhH (ntsp 3:14@ 19:11). ,g;ngaHfs; vgpNua thHj;ij Ntuhfpa “Mnkd;” (’āmēn) vd;w thHj;ijAld; njhlHGgl;ljhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. cz;ikAk;> cz;ikAs;s tpRthrKk;> cz;ikAs;s NjtDila thHj;ijapy; NtW}d;wpAs;sJ. gioa Vw;ghl;L tpRthrpfs; jq;fpapUe;j “thHj;ij” khk;rkhfpaJ (Nahth 1:1.14).

Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilg; nghWj;jtiuapy; “tpRthrpj;jy;” vd;w thHj;ijapd; mHj;jkhdJ fpwp];JitAk; mtuhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l nraiyAk; ek;GtjhFk;. Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; tpN\rkhf RtpN\rj;jpy; mj;Jld; ntspg;gLj;jypy; ,e;j tpRthrpj;jy; vd;gJ gpd;tUhW nghUs;gLk;.

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy; Nahth 1:12 Fbj;jy; Nahth 4:14 tUjy; Nahth 6:37 cl;nfhs;sy; Nahth 6:54 gpd;gw;wy; Nahth 8:12 Eiojy; Nahth 10:9 jpwj;jy; ntsp 3:20

tpRthrkhdJ FUl;Lj;jdkhd VNjh xd;iw Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ my;y. khwhf> NjtDila thHj;ijapd; mirahj m];jpghuj;jpy; fl;lg;gLnkhd;whFk;.

2 jPNkh 1:12 mjpdpkpj;jk; ehd; ,e;jg; ghLfisAk; mDgtpf;fpNwd;. MapDk; ehd; ntl;fg;gLfpwjpy;iy@ Vndd;why;> ehd; tpRthrpj;jpUf;fpwth; ,d;dhh; vd;W mwpNtd;> ehd; mthplj;jpy; xg;Gf;nfhLj;jij mth; me;ehs; tiuf;Fk; fhj;Jf;nfhs;s ty;ytuhapUf;fpwhnud;W epr;rapj;JkpUf;fpNwd;.


nka;ahd tpRthrk; jd;dpy; jhNd xd;Wk; nra;tjpy;iy. mJ Vw;fdNt (Njtdhy;) nra;ag;gl;lij gpbj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. tpRthrk; vjidAk; rhjpg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; rhjpf;fg;gl;lij Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. fpwp];Jtpdhy; rhjpf;fg;gl;l ,ul;rpg;ig mJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ. vg;gbapUg;gpDk;> tpRthrk; jd;dpy; jhNd nrayw;wjha; ,Uf;fhJ. xg;. fyh 5:6@ ahf; 2:22@ ghHf;f mj;Jld; fPNo 3.c)

b) tpRthrk; vg;gb cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ ?

1) tpRthrkhdJ NjtDila <thf ,Uf;fpwJ.

Nahth 6:29 ,NaR mth;fSf;Fg; gpujpAj;jukhf: mth; mDg;gpdtiu ePq;fs; tpRthrpg;gNj NjtDf;Nfw;w fphpiaahapUf;fpwJ vd;whh;.

Nuhk 12:3 my;yhkYk;> vdf;F mUsg;gl;l fpUigapdhNy ehd; nrhy;YfpwjhtJ@ cq;fspy; vtdhdhYk; jd;idf;Fwpj;J vz;zNtz;bajw;F kpQ;rp vz;zhky;> mtdtDf;Fj;Njtd; gfph;e;jtpRthr mstpd;gbNa> njspe;j vz;zKs;stdha; vz;zNtz;Lk;.

2) tpRthrkhdJ fpwp];Jtpd; <thf ,Uf;fpwJ. fpwp];Jtpd; mNef ehkq;fspy; xd;W “tpRthrj;ij njhlf;FfpwtH” vd;gJk; xd;whFk;.

vgp 12:2 mth; jkf;FKd; itj;jpUe;j re;Njh\j;jpd;nghUl;L> mtkhdj;ij vz;zhky;> rpYitiar; rfpj;J> NjtDila rpq;fhrdj;jpd; tyJghhprj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;fpwhh;.

3) tpRthrkhdJ Njt Mtpahdthpd; fdpahf ,Uf;fpwJ.

fyh 5:22 Mtpapd; fdpNah> md;G> re;Njh\k;> rkhjhdk;> ePbanghWik> jaT> ew;Fzk;> tpRthrk;>…

mtpRthrkhdJ ghtkhFk;@ kf;fSila ghtq;fisAk;> mtpRthrj;ijAk; Fwpj;J czHj;Jk; ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; Ntiyia mJ jLf;fpwJ (xg;. Nahth 16:8-9). 4) tpRthrkhdJ jphpj;Jt NjtDf;F kdpjd; jUk; rhjfkhd gjpy; tpRthrkhdJ NjtDila nraYf;F kdpjdpd; rhjfkhd gjpyha; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt> tpRthrj;ij ek;Kila rpj;jj;jpypUe;J NtWgLj;jp ghHf;f KbahJ. tpRthrj;jpw;F XH Fwpg;gpl;l mwpT Njitg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ cz;ikNa. Vnddpy; vq;fSf;Fj; njhpe;j xd;iwNa ehk; tpUk;gp Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk;. Mdhy;> ,e;j mwpT ntWkNd tpNtf mwpthf ,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,Ujak; ghjpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ. gprhRfSf;Ff; $l ,g;gbg;gl;l tpRthrk; cz;L vd NjtDila thHj;ij nrhy;fpwJ:

ahf; 2:19 Njtd; xUth; cz;nld;W tpRthrpf;fpwha;> mg;gbr; nra;fpwJ ey;yJjhd;@ gprhRfSk; tpRthrpj;J> eLf;Ffpd;wd.

‘VNjh xd;W cz;ikahf ,Uf;fpwJ’ vd;gJ Nghd;W fhzg;gLk; tpRthrkhdJ NghJkhdJ my;y. mg;gbg;gl;l ‘mwpT rhHe;j tpRthrk;’ (‘intellectual faith’) (tpNtf tpRthrk;) xU [PtDs;s tpRthrkhf khw Ntz;Lk;. tpRthrKk; kde;jpUk;GjYk; ,e;j fhhpaj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; xd;whfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ: Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb gprhRfs; $l Njtd; cz;L vd;Wk; (ahf; 2:19)> ,NaR fpwp];J NjtDila Fkhud; vd;Wk; (kj; 5:6ff) tpRthrpf;fpd;wd. MapDk; mitfs; njhlHe;J Njtid vjph;f;fpd;wd.


tpRthrj;jpy; nja;tPf gq;Fk; kD\Pf gq;Fk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

NjtDila nraw;ghL: mtUila thHj;ijf;$lhfTk;(ghpRj;jMtpf;$lhfTk;)

kdpjdpd; kWj;juT : Mk; = tpRthrk; ,y;iy = mtpRthrk;

mtpRthrkhdJ rpe;ijapy; ,Ue;J cUthfhky; ,Ujaj;jpypUe;J cUthfpwJ. mjhtJ kdpjDila rpj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J cUthfpwJ.

rq; 14:1 Njtd; ,y;iy vd;W kjpnfl;ltd; jd; ,Ujaj;jpy; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;Sfpwhd;. mth;fs; jq;fisf; nfLj;J> mUtUg;ghd fphpiafisr; nra;JtUfpwhh;fs;@ ed;iknra;fpwtd; xUtDk; ,y;iy.

[PtDs;s kw;Wk; nraw;gLfpw jk;Kila thHj;ijapdhy; Njtd; fphpia nra;fpwhH:

vgp 4:12 NjtDila thh;j;ijahdJ [PtDk; ty;yikAk; cs;sjhAk;> ,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s ve;jg; gl;laj;jpYk; fUf;fhdjhAk;> Mj;JkhitAk; MtpiaAk;> fZf;fisAk; CidAk; gphpf;fj;jf;fjhf cUtf; Fj;JfpwjhAk;> ,Ujaj;jpd; epidTfisAk; NahridfisAk; tifaWf;fpwjhAk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

tpRthrKk; mtpRthrKk; NjtDila thh;j;ijf;F kdpj ,Ujaj;jpd; kWj;juthFk;: Nuhk 10:17 Mjyhy; tpRthrk; Nfs;tpapdhNytUk;> Nfs;tp NjtDila

trdj;jpdhNy tUk;.

c) tpRthrk; vd;d nra;fpwJ?

1) tpRthrkhdJ thf;Fj;jj;jk; gz;zg;gl;l Mtpf;Fhpa Rje;jpuj;ij ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;fpwJ.

Nuhk 5:2 mth;%ykha; ehk; ,e;jf; fpUigapy; gpuNtrpf;Fk; rpyhf;fpaj;ij tpRthrj;jpdhy; ngw;W epiynfhz;bUe;J> Njtkfpikia milNthnkd;fpw ek;gpf;ifapdhNy Nkd;ikghuhl;LfpNwhk;. ( fpUigapd; top)

fyh 3:26 ePq;fnsy;yhUk; fpwp];J ,NaRitg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhy; NjtDila Gj;jpuuhapUf;fpwPh;fNs. ( Gj;jpu Rtpfhuk; NjtDila FLk;gj;jpy; mq;fj;jtd;)

gpyp 3:9 ehd; fpwp];Jit Mjhag;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;gbf;Fk;> epahag;gpukhzj;jpdhy; tUfpw RaePjpia cilatdhapuhky;> fpwp];Jitg; gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhy; tUfpwJk; tpRthr%ykha;j; Njtdhy; cz;lhapUf;fpwJkhd ePjpia cilatdhapUe;J> fpwp];JTf;Fs; ,Uf;fpwtndd;W fhzg;gLk;gbf;Fk; ( fpwp];JTf;$lhd ePjp)

mg; 26:18 mth;fs; vd;idg; gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy ghtkd;dpg;igAk;

ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;Fhpa Rje;juj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gbahf> mth;fs; ,Uistpl;L xspapdplj;jpw;Fk;> rhj;jhDila mjpfhuj;ijtpl;Lj; Njtdplj;jpw;Fk; jpUk;Gk;gbf;F eP mth;fSila fz;fisj; jpwf;Fk;nghUl;L> ,g;nghOJ cd;id mth;fsplj;jpw;F mDg;GfpNwd; vd;whh;. ( kd;dpg;Gk; Rje;jpuKk;)

mg; 15:9 tpRthrj;jpdhNy mth;fs; ,Ujaq;fis mth; Rj;jkhf;fp> ekf;Fk; mth;fSf;Fk; ahnjhU tpj;jpahrKkpuhjgb nra;jhh;. (Rj;jpfhpj;jy;)


vNg 3:17 tpRthrj;jpdhNy mth;fs; ,Ujaq;fis mth; Rj;jkhf;fp> ekf;Fk; mth;fSf;Fk; ahnjhU tpj;jpahrKkpuhjgb nra;jhh;. ( ek;kpy; fpwp];J)

fyh 3:2 xd;iwkhj;jpuk; cq;fsplj;jpy; mwpa tpUk;GfpNwd;@ epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafspdhNyNah> tprthrf; Nfs;tpapdhNyNah> vjpdhNy Mtpiag; ngw;wPh;fs;? ( ghpRj;j Mtpapd; tuj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;)

1Nahth 5:4 Njtdhy; gpwg;gnjy;yhk; cyfj;ij n[apf;Fk;@ ek;Kila tpRthrNk cyfj;ij n[apf;fpw n[ak;. ( cyfj;jpd; kPjhd ntw;wp)

vNg 6:16 nghy;yhq;fd; va;Ak; mf;fpdpah];jpuq;fisnay;yhk;

mtpj;Jg;Nghlj;jf;fjha;> vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf tpRthrnkd;Dk; Nflfj;ijg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lth;fshAk; epy;Yq;fs;. ( rhj;jhDf;F Nkyhf ntw;wp xg;. Nuhk 16:20)

vgp 11:33-34 tpRthrj;jpdhNy mth;fs; uh[;aq;fis n[apj;jhh;fs;> ePjpia elg;gpj;jhh;fs;> thf;Fj;jj;jq;fisg; ngw;whh;fs;> rpq;fq;fspd; tha;fis milj;jhh;fs;> mf;fpdpapd; cf;fpuj;ij mtpj;jhh;fs;> gl;laf;fUf;Ff;Fj; jg;gpdhh;fs;> gytPdj;jpy; gyd;nfhz;lhh;fs;@ Aj;jj;jpy; ty;yth;fshdhh;fs;> me;epaUila Nridfis Kwpabj;jhh;fs;. ( Mgj;Jf;fspYk; gytpj f\;lq;fspYk; ntw;wp)

fyh 5:6 fpwp];J ,NaRtpdplj;jpy; tpUj;jNrjdKk; tpUj;jNrjdkpy;yhikAk; xd;Wf;Fk; cjthJ> md;gpdhy; fphpia nra;fpw tpRthrNk cjTk;. ( md;gpdhy; fphpia nra;Ak; tpRthrk;)

1NgJ 1:5 filrpf;fhyj;jpNy ntspg;gl Maj;jkhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpw ,ul;rpg;Gf;F VJthf tpRthrj;ijf;nfhz;L NjtDila gyj;jpdhNy fhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpw cq;fSf;F me;jr; Rje;jpuk; guNyhfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ( ghJfhg;G)

vgp 6:11 ePq;fs; mrjpahapuhky;> thf;Fj;jj;jkhd MrPh;thjq;fis tpRthrj;jpdhYk; ePba nghWikapdhYk; Rje;jhpj;Jf;nfhs;Sfpwth;fisg; gpd;gw;Wfpwth; fshapUe;J> ( thf;Fj; jj;jj;jpd; Rje;jputhspfs;)

ahnuy;yhk; tpRthrpf;fpwhHfNsh (kWgbAk; Nahthd; RtpNr\Nk ,ijf; Fwpj;J mNef jfty;fis jUfpwJ) :

NjtDila gps;isfshFk;;gb mjpfhuk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. Nahth 1:12 epj;jpa [Ptd; cz;L. Nahth 3:16 Mf;fpidj; jPHg;G ,y;iy. Nahth 3:18 epj;jpa [PtDf;fhd eP&w;Wf;fs; MthHfs;. Nahth 4:14 [Pt xsp Nahth 8:12 Nka;r;riy fz;lilthHfs; Nahth 10:9

2) tpRthrk; epr;raj;jpw;F topelj;JfpwJ.

vgp 11:1 tpRthrkhdJ ek;gg;gLfpwitfspd; cWjpAk; fhzg;glhjitfspd; epr;raKkhapUf;fpwJ.

Nuhk 4:21 Njtd; thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zpdij epiwNtw;w ty;ytuhapUf;fpwhnud;W KO epr;rakha; ek;gp> Njtidkfpikg;gLj;jp> tpRthrj;jpy; ty;ytdhdhd;.


gpyp 1:5 cq;fspy; ew;fphpiaiaj; njhlq;fpdth; mij ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ehs; ghpae;jk; Kba elj;jptUthnud;W ek;gp>

3) tpRthrk; ew;fphpiafSf;F topelj;JfpwJ

“….mg;gbNa tpRthrKk; fphpiafspy;yhjpUe;jhy; jd;dpNyjhNd nrj;jjhapUf;Fk;...” (ahf; 2:14-26). tpRthrj;ijf; Fwpj;J mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy; ,ijj;jhd; nrhy;y Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ.

fyh 2:20 fpwp];JTlNd$lr; rpYitapyiwag;gl;Nld;@ MapDk;> gpioj;jpUf;fpNwd;@ ,dp ehd; my;y> fpwp];JNt vdf;Fs; gpioj;jpUf;fpwhh;@ ehd; ,g;nghOJ khk;rj;jpy; gpioj;jpUf;fpwNjh> vd;dpy; md;G$h;e;J vdf;fhfj; jk;ikj;jhNk xg;Gf;nfhLj;j NjtDila Fkhuidg;gw;Wk; tprthrj;jpdhNy gpioj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

2 jPNkh 4:7 ey;y Nghuhl;lj;ijg; NghuhbNdd;> Xl;lj;ij Kbj;Njd;> tpRthrj;ijf; fhj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;.

C. ePjpkhdhf;fg;gly;.

Njtd; ghpRj;juha; ,Uf;fpwhH. kdpjd; mtUila rhaypy; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;. Mifapdhy; kdpjd; ghpRj;jkhAk; ePjpahAk; ,Uf;Fk;gb Njtd; tpUk;GfpwhH. ghtj;jpd; epkpj;jk; kdpjd; Muk;gj;jpNy nfhz;bUe;j ghpRj;jj;ijAk; ePjpiaAk; ,oe;J Nghdhd;: mtd; xU ghtpahfTk; Mf;fpizf;Nf jFjpahdtDkhdhd; (xg;. Nuhk 6:23). mtd; epahaj;jPHg;gpw;F jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; kWgbAk; mtd; ePjpAs;stdhf Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> mJ vg;gb KbAk;? kdpjd; jd;Dila nrhe;j Kaw;rpfspdhy; ePjpiaj; jhpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ (xg;. NahG 25:4). Njtd; khj;jpuNk mtDf;F kWgbAk; ePjpia toq;f KbAk;.

1. tiutpyf;fzk; - “ePjpkhdhFjy;” vd;gjpdhy; ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ vd;d?

ePjpkhdhFjy; vd;gJ kde;jpUk;gpa xU ghtpia ePjpkhd; vdTk;> jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nld; vdTk; Njtd; gfpuq;fkha; gpufldg;gLj;Jk; xU nrayhFk;. ,J rpYitapy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kPl;gpd; fphpiaapdhy; cz;lhtjhFk;. ghtpfspd; ,lj;jpy; khpg;gjd; %ykhf ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH jk;Kila nrhe;j ePjpia mtDf;Fs; cl;gLj;JfpwhH.50

1nfhhp 1:30a.31b me;jg;gb> ePq;fs; mtuhNy fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fl; gl;bUf;fpwPh;fs;… mtNu Njtdhy; ekf;F QhdKk; ePjpAk; ghpRj;jKk; kPl;Gkhdhh;.

2nfhhp 5:21 ehk; mtUf;Fs; NjtDila ePjpahFk;gbf;F> ghtk; mwpahj mtiu ekf;fhfg; ghtkhf;fpdhh;.

2. Gyg;glf;$baJk; Gyg;glhjJkhd ePjpkhdhf;fg;gly;

rpYitapy; cz;lhd jd;Dila gpuhar;rpj;j kuzj;jpdhy; ,NaR fpwp];JthdtH gfpuq;fkhf Gyg;glf;$ba ePjpkhdhFjiy cyfpw;F toq;FfpwhH (Nuhk 5:18). mNjNtisapy; Gyg;glf;$ba jd;ikaw;w ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjy; vd;gJ tpRthrj;jpdhy; kde;jpUk;gpa xU ghtp ,NaR fpwp];JitAk; mtuJ kPl;gpd; fphpiaiaAk; KOikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjd; %yk; NjtDf;F Kd;ghf ePjpkhdhf gpufldg;gLtJld; njhlHGgl;Ls;sJ.51

50

Compare New Bible Dictionary, 3rd edition (Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1996), pp. 636ff. 51

Compare J. Théodore Mueller, La Doctrine Chrétienne: Manuel de Théologie Doctrinale pour Pasteurs, Instituteurs et Fidèles (Brussels: Editions des Missions Luthériennes, 1956), p. 421.


3. kdpjd; vg;gb ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpwhd;?

Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rigahdJ kdpjd; ghtkd;dpg;gpw;$lhfTk; cl;ghAk; fpUigf;$lhfTk; (gratia infusa) ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpwhd; vdTk; Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,e;j cl;ghAk; fpUig Gjpa Fzhjpraq;fis cUthf;f mtDf;F cjtp nra;fpwJ. kdpjd; jdf;Fs;NsNa thrk; nra;Ak; ew;fphpiafspd; mbg;gilapy; ePjpkhdhFjiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f rig Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,e;j Nghjidf;F Vw;w gpufhuk; jk;Kila nrhe;j Kaw;rpfs; fphpiafSf;$lhf jhd; ePjpkhdhFtjw;F mtd; cjtp nra;a KbAk;. Y}j;jH> Rtpq;sp> fy;tpd; Nghd;w rPHjpUj;jthjpfSk; kw;wtHfSk; ,e;j Nghypahd cgNjrj;jpw;F fLikahd vjpHg;ig njhptpj;jhHfs;. mj;Jld;> kpfTk; gpugy;akhd Ntjk; khj;jpuk; (“sola scriptura” ) vDk; nfhs;ifiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;.

a) epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafSf;$lhf my;y

kdpjd; jd;Dila nrhe;j fphpiafSf;$lhf ,ul;rpf;fg;gl KbahJ:

Nuhk 3:20 ,g;gbapUf;f> ghtj;ij mwpfpw mwpT epahag;gpukhzj;jpdhy; tUfpwgbahy;> ve;j kD\Dk; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafspdhNy NjtDf;F Kd;ghf ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

kdpjd; Vd; jd;Dila nrhe;j fphpiafspdhy; ePjpkhdhf KbahJ? ,U fhuzq;fs;: (1) ,NaR fpwp];J xUtiuj; jtpu (NjtFkhuDk;> kD\ FkhuDkhfpa) NtW ahUk; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; vjpHghHg;Gfis ghpG+uzkha; epiwNtw;w KbahJ.

Nuhk 3:10>23 me;jg;gbNa: ePjpkhd; xUtdhfpYk; ,y;[email protected];yhUk; ghtQ;nra;J> Njtkfpikaw;wth;fshfp>…

xU rpyH> ,sk; gzf;fhu thypgdpd; cjhuzj;ij Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. epj;jpa [Ptid vg;gbg; ngWtJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F ,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; gjpyspf;fg;gl;L epahag; gpukhzj;ij iff;nfhs;Sk;gb Vtg;gLfpwhd; vd $Wfpwhh;fs; (NkhNr : Y}f; 18:18ff). Mdhy;> kdpjd; jdJ nrhe;j gyj;jpy; ,ul;rpg;ig ngw KbahJ vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;s mtDf;F cjtp nra;Ak; Kfkhf ,NaR fpwp];J me;j gjpiy nfhLj;jhH vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. Vd; mJ rhj;jpaky;y? (2) Vnddpy;> jd;Dila nrhe;j fphpiafspdhy; jd;idj;jhNd ePjpkhdhf;f tpUk;Gk; vtUk; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fl;lisfis epr;rakha; ghpG+uzkha; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;: fyh 3:10 epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiaf;fhuuhfpa ahtUk; rhgj;jpw;Fl;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;@

epahag;gpukhz G];jfj;jpy; vOjg;gl;litfis nay;yhk; nra;aj;jf;fjhf mitfspy; epiyj;jpuhjtd; vtNdh mtd; rgpf;fg;gl;ltd; vd;W vOjpapUf;fpwNj.

KO epahag;gpukhzj;ijAk; kPwp Fw;wthspahtjw;F xNunahU kPWjy; NghJkhdJ:

ahf; 2:10 vg;gbnadpy;> xUtd; epahag;gpukhzk; KOtijAk; iff;nfhz;bUe;Jk;> xd;wpNy jtwpdhy; vy;yhtw;wpYk; Fw;wthspahapUg;ghd;.

gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fspdhy; ,J rhj;jpakw;wJ: (3) tPo;r;rpapd; gpd; kdpjd; rPuopf;fg;gl;lhd;. mjhtJ Rghtj;jpd;gb mtd; ghtpahdhd; (xg;. Nuhk 3:10.23@ rq; 51:7@ vNg 2:1-3). tpisthf> NjtDila rpj;jj;jpd; gbAk;> mtuJ epahag; gpukhzj;jpd;gbAk; mjw;F Vw;wgpufhuk; tho;tJ mtdhy; KbahjjhFk;:

Nuhk 8:6-7 vg;gbnadpy;> xUtd; epahag;gpukhzk; KOtijAk; iff;nfhz;bUe;Jk;> xd;wpNy jtwpdhy; vy;yhtw;wpYk; Fw;wthspahapUg;ghd;.


b) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,ul;rpf;Fk; fphpiaahy; khj;jpuk; fpwp];Jtpd; Nky; cs;s tpRthrj;jpd; Clhfj;jhd; kdpjd; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gl KbAk;.

fyh 2:15-16 Gw[hjpahhpy; gpwe;j ghtpfshapuhky;> Rghtj;jpd;gb A+juhapUf;fpw ehKk; ,NaRfpwp];Jitg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhNyad;wp> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafspdhNy kD\d; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLtjpy;iynad;W mwpe;J> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafspdhyy;y> fpwp];Jitg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gLk;gbf;Ff; fpwp];J ,NaRtpd;Nky; tpRthrpfshNdhk;. epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fphpiafspdhNy ve;j kD\Dk; ePjpkhdhf;fg; gLtjpy;iyNa.

nrhd;dhw; Nghy> “tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhdhFjy;” vd;gJ “Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; fz;Lgpbg;G” my;y. khwhf> gioa Vw;ghl;L fhyq;fspNyNa ,e;j cz;ik njspthf mwpag;gl;lJ. ,ijf; Fwpj;j kpfj;njspthd ntspauq;fkhd Fwpg;G Mgpuhk; Njtid tpRthrpj;j NtisapNyNa fhzg;gl;lJ (Njtd; gpw;ghL Mgpufhk; vd mtdJ ngaiu khw;wpdhH):

Mjp 15:6 mtd; fh;j;jiu tpRthrpj;jhd;> mij mth; mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zpdhh;.

Mgpufhk;> jhtPJ Nghd;w gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;s ,U fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fspd; ntspr;rj;jpy; tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjy; vd;gij gTy; Nuhk 4k; mjpfhuj;jpy; (tr 3@ xg;. fyh 3:6) Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b tpghpf;fpwhH. cz;ikjhd;> ,e;j ,UtUk; kPl;gH tUthH vd tpRthrpj;jhHfs;. ehNkh ,d;W> mtH te;Jtpl;lhH vd tpRthrpf;fpNwhk; (mwpfpNwhk;). ehk; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb ehk; vy;NyhUNk mNj kPl;guhy; tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpNwhk;.

Nuhk 3:22-26 mJ ,NaRfpwp];Jitg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy gypf;Fk; NjtePjpNa@ tpRthrpf;fpw vth;fSf;Fs;Sk; vth;fs;NkYk; mJ gypf;Fk;> tpj;jpahrNk,y;iy. vy;yhUk; ghtQ;nra;J> Njtkfpikaw;wth;fshfp> ,ytrkha; mtUila fpUigapdhNy fpwp];J ,NaRtpYs;s kPl;igf;nfhz;L ePjpkhd;fshf;fg; gLfpwhh;fs;@ Njtd; nghWikahapUe;j Kw;fhyj;jpy; ele;j ghtq;fisj; jhk; nghWj;Jf;nfhz;lijf;Fwpj;Jj; jk;Kila ePjpiaf; fhz;gpf;Fk;nghUl;lhfTk;> jhk; ePjpAs;stUk;> ,NaRtpdplj;jpy; tpRthrkhapUf;fpwtid ePjpkhdhf;F fpwtUkha; tpsq;Fk;gb> ,f;fhyj;jpNy jkJ ePjpiaf; fhz;gpf;Fk; nghUl;lhfTk;>fpwp];J ,NaRtpDila ,uj;jj;ijg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy gypf;Fk; fpUghjhu gypahf mtiuNa Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.

fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jk; ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;gpw;Fk; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjYf;Fk; fhuzkha; ,Uf;fpwJ vd gTy; njspthf $WfpwhH:

Nuhk 5:9 ,g;gb ehk; mtUila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gl;bUf;f> Nfhghf;fpidf;F ePq;fyhf mtuhNy ehk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtJ mjpf epr;rakhNk.

,e;j khwhj cz;ik ,g;ghbahf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ: vgp 9:22 epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;gb nfhQ;rq;Fiwa vy;yhk; ,uj;jj;jpdhNy

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLk;@ ,uj;jQ;rpe;Jjypy;yhky; kd;dpg;G cz;lhfhJ. nlhHNu (Torrey) ,e;j Kf;fpakhd cz;ikia gpd;tUkhW RUf;fpj;jUfpwhH:

ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjYld; fphpiafSf;F ve;j rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy. mitfspNy jq;fpapUe;jhy; mit ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjiy rkurk; nra;JtpLk;. fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jk; ,ijf; Fwpj;J ekf;F cWjp nra;fpwJ> fpwp];Jtpd; NkYs;s tpRthrj;jpw;$lhfj;jhd; ,ij ehk; ekf;nfd;W chpikg;ghuhl;LfpNwhk;. ehk; ek;Kila nrhe;j fphpiafSf;$lhf my;yhky; fpwp];Jtpd; fphpiafSf;$lhfNt ePjpkhdhf;fg;gl;Nlhk;.


ek;Kila tpRthrk; xd;Nw epge;jidahf ,Ue;J mtUila ,uj;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLfpNwhk;.52

Mdhy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpw;$lhf ekf;F fpUigia toq;fp Njtd; Vd; ek;ik cz;ikapy; ePjpkhdhf;f Ntz;Lk;? jPa;aprd; ek;Kila ePjpkhdhFjyhdJ NjtDila ,Ujaj;jpypUe;Nj Gwg;gLfpwJ vd tpsq;fg;gLj;JfpwhH:

mt;tz;zkhf NjtDila ,Ujaj;jpypUe;Nj ePjpkhdhFjy; Gwg;gLfpwJ. ek;Kila ePjpapd; mstpy; ehk; FiwTgl;ltHfshf khj;jpuky;y> mijg; ngwNt ,ayhjtHfsha; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ mtH jkJ ,uf;fj;jpd;gb ekf;F jkJ ePjpia toq;f jPHkhdpj;jhH. mtUila fpUigjhd; mtH ,g;gb toq;Ftjw;F topelj;jpaJ. mg;gb nra;a mtUf;F ve;j epHg;ge;jKk; ,y;iy. mtuJ fpUigapdhy; ekJ Fw;wj;ijAk; mtuJ ,uf;fj;jpd;gb ekJ ghpjhg epiyiaAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;lhH.53

4. ePjpkhdhFjypd; ngWNgWfs; (tpisTfs;) ,q;Nf rpy ePjpkhdhFjypd; Kf;fpa ngWNgWfs; thpirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd:54

jz;lidf;fhd kd;dpg;G

2 nfhhp 5:19 mnjd;dntdpy;> Njtd; cyfj;jhUila ghtq;fis vz;zhky;> fpwp];JTf;Fs; mth;fisj; jkf;F xg;Guthf;fp> xg;Guthf;Fjypd; cgNjrj;ij vq;fsplj;jpy; Xg;Gtpj;jhh;.

mj;Jld; ghHf;f Nuhk 4:7-9.

fpwp];JtpDila ePjp cl;GFj;jg;gly; (jhpg;gpf;fg;gly;)

tpRthrpahdtH ,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; mtDf;F mUsg;gl;l (mtdJ nrhe;j ePjpahy; my;y) ePjpapdhy; jhpg;gpf;fg;gLfpwhH.

Nuhk 4:5 xUtd; fphpia nra;ahky; ghtpia ePjpkhdhf;Ffpwthplj;jpy; tpRthrk; itf;fpwtdhapUe;jhy;> mtDila tpRthrNk mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gLk;.

cld; Rje;jpuH

fpwp];Jtpd; cld; Rje;jpuuha; tUtjd; %yk; fpwp];jtHfs; epj;jpa [Ptid Rje;jhpf;fpwhHfs;:

Nuhk 8: 16-17 ehk; NjtDila gps;isfshapUf;fpNwhnkd;W Mtpahdth;jhNk ek;Kila MtpAlNd$lr; rhl;rpnfhLf;fpwhh;. ehk; gps;isfshdhy; Rje;juUkhNk@ NjtDila Rje;juUk;> fpwp];JTf;F cld; Rje;juUkhNk@ fpwp];JTlNd $l ehk; kfpikg;gLk; gbf;F mtUlNd$lg; ghLgl;lhy; mg;gbahFk;.

jPj;J 3 : 6 jkJ fpUigapdhNy ehk; ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gl;L> epj;jpa [PtDz;lhFk; vd;fpw ek;gpf;ifapd;gb Rje;juuhfj;jf;fjhf>

52

R. A. Torrey, CE QUE LA BIBLE ENSEIGNE: Une étude complète des grandes doctrines bibliques. Translated from American English into French under the auspices of Mission Evangélique Belge (Miami, FL.: Editions VIDA, 1979), p. 318. The American original book is not in our possession. We retranslated it from French into English. (French text: Les oeuvres n’ont rien à faire avec la justification, excepté de la compromettre, si nous comptons sur elles. Le sang du Christ nous l’assure, la foi en Christ nous en rend possesseurs. Nous sommes justifiés, non par nos oeuvres, mais par Son oeuvre. Justifiés sur la seule et unique base de Son sang, à la seule et unique condition de notre foi.) 53

Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., 278. 54

Compare with Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., 279.


Mf;fpizj; jPHg;gpypUe;Jk; tug;NghFk; Njtdpd; epahaj;jPHg;gpypUe;Jk; tpLjiy.

ePjpkhdhf;fg;gl;ltDf;F Mf;fpizj;jPHg;gpy;iy. mtd; NjtDld; rkhjhdk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhd;:

Nuhk 8:1 Mdgbahy;> fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fl;gl;lth;fshapUe;J> khk;rj;jpd;gb elthky; Mtpapd;gbNa elf;fpwth;fSf;F Mf;fpidj;jPh;g;gpy;iy.

Nuhk 5:1 ,t;tpjkhf> ehk; tpRthrj;jpdhNy ePjpkhd;fshf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwgbahy;> ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];J%ykha; Njtdplj;jpy; rkhjhdk; ngw;wpUf;fpNwhk;.

XH ePjpahd tho;f;if Kiw

ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjyhdJ tpRthrpapd; eilKiw tho;tpy; XH ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,J ePjpahd xU tho;f;iff;F topelj;JfpwJ. (vg;gbAk; mij nra;a Ntz;Lk;).

gpyp 1:10 NjtDf;F kfpikAk; JjpAk; cz;lhFk;gb ,NaRfpwp];Jtpdhy; tUfpw ePjpapd; fdpfshy; epiwe;jth;fshfp>…

fpwp];J ePjpAs;stH@ vdNt> mtuhy; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gl;ltHfs; $l ePjpia filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1Nahth 3:7 gps;isfNs> ePq;fs; xUtuhYk; tQ;rpf;fg;glhjpUq;fs;@ ePjpiar; nra;fpwtd; mth; ePjpAs;stuhapUf;fpwJNghyj; jhDk; ePjpAs;stdhapUf;fpwhd;.

kfpikailjypd; epr;rak;.

kj; 13: 43 mg;nghOJ> ePjpkhd;fs; jq;fs; gpjhtpd; uh[;aj;jpNy #hpaidg;Nghyg; gpufhrpg;ghh;fs;. Nfl;fpwjw;Ff; fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd;. (jhdp 12:3).

Nuhk 8:29-30 jk;Kila Fkhud; mNef rNfhjuUf;Fs;Ns Kjw;NgwhdtuhapUf;Fk;nghUl;L> Njtd; vth;fis Kd;dwpe;jhNuh mth;fisj; jkJ FkhuDila rhaYf;F xg;ghapUg;gjw;F Kd;Fwpj;jpUf;fpwhh;@vth;fis Kd;Fwpj;jhNuh mth;fis mioj;JkpUf;fpwhh;@ vth;fis mioj;jhNuh mth;fis ePjpkhd;fshf;fpAkpUf;fpwhh;@ vth;fis ePjpkhd;fshf;fpdhNuh mth;fis kfpikg;gLj;jpAkpUf;fpwhh;.

D. Gjpa gpwg;G my;yJ kW n[d;kkhjy; ve;jtpj re;NjfKk; ,y;yhky; ,ijf;Fwpj;j kpfTk; gpugy;akhd gFjp Nahth 3:3-16 capH kPl;rpiaAk; GJg;gpj;jiyAk; Fwpj;J NgRfpwJ mj;Jld; ghh;f;fTk; Nahth 6:63@ jPj;J 3:5.

1. Gjpa gpwg;gpd; mHj;jk;

Gjpa gpwg;G my;yJ kWn[d;kkhjy; (NjtDila gf;fj;jpypUe;J) kdkhw;wj;jpd; fdj;jpy; eilngWfpwJ (kdpjDila gf;fk;). ,ul;rpg;igg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtd; nraw;gLfpwtdha; ,Uf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; kWgpwg;ig nghWj;jkl;by; kdpjd; nraw;ghlw;wtdha; ,Uf;fpwhd;. mjhtJ xU kdpjdpd; ,Ujaj;jpy; ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf Njtd; kWgpwg;ig nfhz;L tUfpwhH.


a) xU Gjpa> epj;jpa ghpRj;j tho;T

gioa kdpjd; (kWgpwg;gpw;F Kd;) Kw;wpYkhf ghtk; epiwe;jtdha; (KOtJk; rPuopf;fg;gl;ltdha;) ,Uf;fpwhd;:

vNg 2:1-3 mf;fpukq;fspdhYk; ghtq;fspdhYk; khpj;jth;fshapUe;j cq;fis caph;g;gpj;jhh;.mitfspy; ePq;fs; Kw;fhyj;jpNy ,t;Tyf tof;fj;jpw;Nfw;wgbahfTk;> fPo;;g;gbahikapd; gps;isfsplj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ fphpianra;fpw Mfhaj;J mjpfhug; gpuGthfpa Mtpf;Nfw;wgbahfTk; ele;Jnfhz;Bh;fs;. mth;fSf;Fs;Ns ehnky;yhUk; Kw;fhyj;jpNy ekJ khk;r ,r;irapd;gbNa ele;J> ekJ khk;rKk; kdRk; tpUk;gpditfisr; nra;J> Rghtj;jpdhNy kw;wth;fisg;Nghyf; Nfhghf;fpidapd; gps;isfshapUe;Njhk;.

GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l kdpjDk; ,d;DnkhU ghtpaha; ,Uf;fpwhd;. mNjNtisapy; mtd; kWgb gpwe;jtdhAk; ,Uf;fpwhd;.

Nahth 3:3 ,NaR mtDf;F gpujpAj;jukhf: xUtd; kWgbAk; gpwthtpl;lhy; NjtDila uh[;aj;ijf; fhzkhl;lhd; vd;W nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt cdf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;.

Nahth 3:6 khkprj;jpdhy; gpwg;gJ khk;rkhapUf;Fk;> Mtpapdhy; gpwg;gJ MtpahapUf;Fk;.

vNg 4:24 nka;ahd ePjpapYk; ghpRj;jj;jpYk; NjtDila rhayhfr; rpU\;bf;fg;gl;l Gjpa kD\idj; jhpj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

2nfhhp 5:17 ,g;gbapUf;f> xUtd; fpwp];JTf;Fs;spUe;jhy; GJr;rpU\;bahapUf;fpwhd;@ gioaitfs; xope;JNghapd> vy;yhk; Gjpjhapd.

b) xU nja;tPf Rghtk;

,J cq;fis mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shf;fyhk;. Mdhy; NjtDila thHj;ij njspthf nrhy;fpwJ. ,ul;rpf;fg;glhj kdpjd; gprhrpw;Fhpatdha; ,Uf;fpwhd;:

Nahth 8:44 ePq;fs; cq;fs; gpjhthfpa gprhrhdtdhy; cz;lhdth;fs;@ cq;fs; gpjhtpDila ,r;irfspd;gb nra;a kdjhapUf;fpwPh;fs;@ mtd; MjpKjw; nfhz;L kD\nfhiyghjfdhapUf;fpwhd;@ rj;jpak; mtdplj;jpypy;yhjgbahy; mtd; rj;jpaj;jpNy epiyepw;ftpy;iy@ mtd; ngha;aDk; ngha;Af;Fg; gpjhTkhapUf;fpwgbahy; mtd; ngha;NgRk;NghJ jd; nrhe;jj;jpy; vLj;Jg; NgRfpwhd;.

mNjNtisapy;> Gjpa kdpjd; Njtdhy; gpwe;Js;shd;:

Nahth 1:13 mth;fs;> ,uj;jj;jpdhyhtJ khk;r rpj;jj;jpdhyhtJ GU\Dila rpj;jj;jpdhyhtJ gpwthky;> NjtdhNy gpwe;jth;fs;.

2NgJ 1: 4 ,r;irapdhy; cyfj;jpYz;lhd Nfl;Lf;Fj; jg;gp> jpt;tpa Rghtj;Jf;Fg; gq;Fs;sth;fshFk;nghUl;L> kfh Nkd;ikAk; mUikAkhd thf;Fj;jj;jq;fSk; mitfspdhNyekf;F mspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

c) NtWgphpf;fg;gl;l tho;f;if mtd; xU ghpRj;j tho;f;if tho rhj;jpakhf;FfpwJ

gioa kdpjd; xUNghJk; NjtDila gpukhzj;jpw;F fPo;g;gbakhl;lhd;. mJ mtdhy; KbahJ:


Nuhk 8:7 vg;gbnad;why;> khk;rrpe;ij NjtDf;F tpNuhjkhd gif: mJ NjtDila epahag;gpukhzj;Jf;Ff;fPo;g;gbahkYk;> fPo;g;gbaf;$lhkYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

Gjpa kdpjd; xU NtWgphpf;fg;gl;l ghpRj;jkhd tho;it thOfpwhd;. Njtd; mtid mg;gb nra;Ak; gbahf mtDf;F cjTfpwhH.

Gjpa gpwg;ig njhlHe;J kdpjDf;F ,U Rghtq;fs; cz;L.: khk;rk; kdpjd; Mtpf;Fhpa hPjpahf

ghpRj;j Mtpapdhy; kWn[d;kk; mile;Js;shd;.

(gioa Rghtk;) ghtk; epiwe;j : (Nuhk 7:18-20) gprhrpw;Fhpa : (Nahth 8:44) Rak;fpwp];J ,ayhik : (Nuhk 8:7) (I) fyh 2:20 kuzk;> epj;jpakhd Mf;fpiz

(Gjpa Rghtk;) ghpRj;jk; : (1nfhhp 1:30) NjtDila : (2NgJ 1:4) ,ayf;$ba : (Nuhk 8:6-7) epj;jpa tho;f;if

xU fpwp];jtdhfpa NjtDila gps;is nra;af;$ba mjpf fhhpak; cz;L. mNjNtis mjpf nghWg;Gk; cz;L.

Nuhk 6:16 kuzj;Jf;NfJthd ghtj;Jf;fhdhYk;> ePjpf;NfJthd fPo;g;gbjYf;fhdhYk;> vjw;Ff; fPo;g;gbAk;gb cq;fis mbikfshf xg;Gf;nfhLf;fpwPh;fNsh> mjw;Nf fPo;g;gbfpw mbikfshapUf;fpwPh;fnsd;W mwpaPh;fsh?

Nuhk 6:19 cq;fs; khk;r gytPdj;jpdpkpj;jk; kD\h; NgRfpwgpufhukha;g; NgRfpNwd;. mf;fpukj;ij elg;gpf;Fk;gb Kd;Nd ePq;fs; cq;fs; mtatq;fis mRj;jj;jpw;Fk; mf;fpukj;jpw;Fk; mbikfshf xg;Gf;nfhLj;jJNghy> ,g;nghOJ ghpRj;jkhdij elg;gpf;Fk;gb cq;fs; mtatq;fis ePjpf;F mbikfshf xg;Gf;nfhLq;fs;.

2. Gjpa gpwg;gpd; my;yJ kWn[d;kkhFjypd; mtrpak ; ghpRj;j NtjhfkkhdJ kWn[d;kkhjiyf; Fwpj;J rhl;rp gfHfpwJ:

Nahth 3:3 ,NaR mtDf;F gpujpAj;jukhf: xUtd; kWgbAk; gpwthtpl;lhy; NjtDila uh[;aj;ijf; fhzkhl;lhd; vd;W nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt cdf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;.

Nahth 3:7 ePq;fs; kWgbAk; gpwf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ehd; cdf;Fr; nrhd;dijf; Fwpj;J mjprag;glNtz;lhk;.

fyh 6:15 fpwp];J ,NaRTf;Fs; tpUj;jNrjdKk; xd;Wkpy;iy> tpUj;jNrjdkpy;yhikAk; xd;Wkpy;iy@ GJ rpU\;bNa fhhpak;.


a) NjtePjp kWgpwg;ig Ntz;b epw;fpwJ

“…..ghpRj;jkpy;yhky; xUtDk; fh;j;jiuj; jhprpg;gjpy;iyNa” (vgp 12:14). Mdhy; Gjpa Rghtj;jhy; jhpg;gpf;fg;glhtpl;lhy; ghpRj;j tho;T XH Kbahj fhhpakhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. xU Njtgf;jpAs;s tho;it elj;j (Njt rpj;jj;jpd;gb) ehk; NjtRghtj;jhy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J fpwp];JTf;Fs; cs;s xU egH VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; “Njtkakhf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;” (“deified”) vd epr;rakhf mHj;jk; nfhs;shJ> ,g;gb nrhy;Nthkhdhy;> 2NgJ 1:4d; gb mJ xU gpioahd tpahf;fpahdkha; ,Uf;Fk;. mj;Jld; me;j kdpjDila Mtp fpwp];Jtpd; ,ul;rpg;gpw;$lhfTk; ghpRj;j Mtpapd; kWgpwg;gpw;$lhfTk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhd; vd;gjhFk;. Gjpjhf;fg;gl;ltd; my;yJ kWgb gpwe;jtd; ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf gioa Rghtj;jpd; ,r;irfSf;F vjpHj;J epw;fTk; (fyh 5:17)> NjtDila rpj;jj;jpd;gb xU ghpRj;j tho;T thoTk; mtDf;F Njtdhy; cjtp mUsg;gLfpwJ (xg;. 1njr 4:3).

epr;rakhfNt elf;f Ntz;ba fhhpaq;fisf; Fwpj;J ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpy; Njtd; mbf;fb NgRfpwhH. ,Njh rpy cjhuzq;fs;: Y}f; 24:26@ vgp 9:27@ 2nfhhp 5:10> Nghd;wd. “fl;lhakhf” elf;f Ntz;ba epfo;Tfspy; Njtdhy; fl;lisaplg;gl;l Gjpa gpwg;Gk; xd;whFk;:

Nahth 3:7 “ePq;fs; kWgbAk; gpwf;fNtz;Lk;” vd;W ehd; cdf;Fr; nrhd;dijf; Fwpj;J mjprag;glNtz;lhk;

ehd; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; rhPug; gpufhukhf gpwe;Njd;. ,e;j cyfj;jpy; xU gpui[ahf te;Njd;. Mdhy; kWgb gpwj;jYf;$lhfj;jhd; epj;jpa [Ptdpy; gpuNtrpf;f KbAk;. mg;gb gpwg;gjpdhy; jhd; guNyhf gpui[ahfTk;> epj;jpa [Ptdpd; Rje;juthspahfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk; (Nahth 3:3.5).

,g;gbahf Xu; ghpzhkf; nfhs;if ,y;iy: fdpAg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;J jhtuk;. jhtuj;jpypUe;J kpUfk;. kpUfj;jpypUe;J kdpjd;. kdpjdpypUe;J Njtd;.

NjtDila rpj;jj;jpd;gb tho kdpjd; Mtpahdtuhy; kWgbgpwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

b) ght RghtKs;s kdpjDf;F Gjpa gpwg;G mtrpak; ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; kdpjdpd; epiy ,t;thwhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij tpghpf;fpwJ:

vNg 2:3 mth;fSf;Fs;Ns ehnky;yhUk; Kw;fhyj;jpNy ekJ khk;r ,r;irapd;gbNa ele;J> ekJ khk;rKk; kdRk; tpUk;gpditfisr; nra;J> Rghtj;jpdhNy kw;wth;fisg;Nghyf; Nfhghf;fpidapd; gps;isfshapUe;Njhk;.

vNg 2:2 mitfspy; ePq;fs; Kw;fhyj;jpNy ,t;Tyf tof;fj;jpw;Nfw;wgbahfTk;> fPo;;g;gbahikapd; gps;isfsplj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ fphpianra;fpw Mfhaj;J mjpfhug; gpuGthfpa Mtpf;Nfw;wgbahfTk; ele;Jnfhz;Bh;fs;.

Y}f; 16:8 mePjpAs;s cf;fpuhzf;fhud; Gj;jpaha;r; nra;jhd; vd;W v[khd; fz;L> mtid nkr;rpf;nfhz;lhd;. ,t;tpjkha; xspapd; gps;isfisg;ghh;f;fpYk; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpd; gps;isfs; jq;fs; re;jjpapy; mjpf Gj;jpkhd;fshapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

Nahth 8:44 ePq;fs; cq;fs; gpjhthfpa gprhrhdtdhy; cz;lhdth;fs;@ cq;fs; gpjhtpDila ,r;irfspd;gb nra;a kdjhapUf;fpwPh;fs;@ mtd; MjpKjw; nfhz;L kD\nfhiyghjfdhapUf;fpwhd;@ rj;jpak; mtdplj;jpypy;yhjgbahy; mtd; rj;jpaj;jpNy epiyepw;ftpy;iy@ mtd; ngha;aDk; ngha;Af;Fg; gpjhTkhapUf;fpwgbahy; mtd; ngha;NgRk;NghJ jd; nrhe;jj;jpy; vLj;Jg; NgRfpwhd;.


khk;rj;jpdhy; gpwg;gJ khk;rkhapUf;Fk; (xg;. Nahth 3:6). mJ Njtdw;w> khh;f;fKila> gf;jp epiwe;j khk;rkhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> mJ ,d;Wk; khk;rNk. ,jd; mHj;jk; vd;dntdpy;> khk;rk; jd;dpy; jhNd jpUg;jpg;gl KbahJ:

khdplj;Jtf;nfhs;ifapd; rpe;jidf;F vjpuhf (kdpjDf;Fs;Ns NjtDila nghwp cz;L vd;W Nrhf;fpuB]; nrhd;djpypUe;J) kdpjdplj;jpy; ve;j ed;ikAk; ,y;iy (Nuhk 7:18).

kdpjdpd; rPHjpUe;JjNyh my;yJ rPuhf;fg;gLjNyh ,y;iy. khk;rk; khk;rkhapUf;Fk;@ mJ ghtk; epiwe;jjha; ,Uf;fpwJ. xU Kw;whd khw;wk; mtrpakha; ,Uf;fpwJ (Nahth 3:3-7@ 2nfhhp 5:17). xU cjhuzkhf> fpzW mRj;jkhapUf;ifapy; fpzw;wpd; Foha;fis Rj;jk; gz;Ztjpy; mHj;jkpy;iy!

ew;fphpiafs; NghJkhditfs; my;y (vNu 2:22@ 13:23@ Nuhk 3:9-12.22@ ahf; 2:10).

ghtj;ijNah kdpjdpd; ghtj;jd;ikiaNah ve;jnthU ];jhgdKk; (jpUr;rigapdhYk; my;y) ePf;fptpl KbahJ (Nahth 1:13). vdNt ghpRj;j ew;fUiz rhjdq;fs; $l ekf;F cjtp nra;ahJ (1NgJ 3:21).

vy;yh kjq;fSk; kdpjdpd; ghtj;jd;ikia Fwpj;j rj;jpaj;ij kWf;fpd;wd. ,d;iwa etPd cstpay; (modern psychotherapy) rpfpr;irapd; nraw;ghLk; mJjhd;! kdpjdpd; tpj;jpahrkhd rhaiy ,J mbg;gilaha; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. NjtDila thHj;ijahdJ kdpjdpd; Gjpjhf;fg;gliyAk;> kWn[d;kkhjiyAk; Ntz;b epw;fpwJ! ,jw;$lhfj;jhd; kdpjd; jd;Dila KO rPuopf;fg;gl;l jd;ikapy; ,Ue;J ,ul;rpf;fg;gl KbAk;.

3. kWn[d;kkhjypd; top

Nahth 3:4-9 mjw;F epf;nfhNjK: xU kD\d; Kjph;tajhapUf;ifapy; vg;gbg; gpwg;ghd;? mtd; jd; jhapd; fh;g;gj;jpy; ,uhz;lhe;juk; gpuNtrpj;Jg; gpwf;ff; $LNkh vd;whd;. ,NaR gpujpAj;jukhf: xUtd; [yj;jpdhYk; MtpapdhYk; gpwhthtpl;lhy; NjtDila uh[;aj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;fkhl;lhd; vd;W nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt cdf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd;. khkprj;jpdhy; gpwg;gJ khk;rkhapUf;Fk;> Mtpapdhy; gpwg;gJ MtpahapUf;Fk;. ePq;fs; kWgbAk; gpwf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ehd; cdf;Fr; nrhd;dijf; Fwpj;J mjprag;glNtz;lhk;. fhw;whdJ jdf;F ,\;lkhd ,lj;jpNy tPRfpwJ> mjpd; rj;jj;ijf; Nfl;fpwha;> MfpYk; mJ ,d;d ,lj;jpypUe;J tUfpwnjd;Wk;> ,d;d ,lj;Jf;Fg; Nghfpwnjd;Wk; cdf;Fj; njhpahJ@ MtpapdhYk; gpwe;jtndtNdh mtDk; mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;whh;.mjw;F epf;nfhNjK: ,itfs; vg;gb MFk; vd;whd;. ,NaR fpwp];J ,e;j Gj;jprhypf;F ,g;gbahf gjpyspf;fpwhH:

Nahth 3:14-16 rh;g;gkhdJ NkhNrapdhy; tdhe;juj;jpNy cah;j;jg;gl;lJNghy kD\FkhuDk;>jd;id tpRthrpf;fpwtd; vtNdh mtd; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbf;F> cah;j;jg;glNtz;Lk;. Njtd;> jk;Kila xNuNgwhd Fkhuid tpRthrpf;fpwtd; vtNdh mtd; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbf;F> mtiuj; je;jUsp> ,t;tstha; cyfj;jpy; md;G$h;e;jhh;.

a) NjtDila rpj;jj;jpw;$lhf.

ahf; 1:18 mth; rpj;jq;nfhz;L jk;Kila rpU\;bfspy; ehk; Kjw;gyd;fshtjw;F ek;ikr; rj;jpa trdj;jpdhNy [epg;gpj;jhh;.


Nahth 1:13 mth;fs;> ,uj;jj;jpdhyhtJ khk;r rpj;jj;jpdhyhtJ GU\Dila rpj;jj;jpdhyhtJ gpwthky;> NjtdhNy gpwe;jth;fs;.

ek;Kila kW n[d;kkhjyhdJ NjtDila cUthf;Fk; fphpiaahFk; - kdpjd; mjid gpd;tUtdtw;why; ngw KbahJ.

guk;giuf;$lhf. jd;Dila Ra Kaw;rpfs;. kw;iwatHfspd; Kaw;rpfs; (xg; Nahth 1:13@ rq; 49:7-8)

b) NjtthHj;ijf;$lhf ahf; 1:18 mth; rpj;jq;nfhz;L jk;Kila rpU\;bfspy; ehk; Kjw;gyd;fshtjw;F

ek;ikr; rj;jpa trdj;jpdhNy [epg;gpj;jhh;.

1NgJ 1:23 mopTs;s tpj;jpdhNy my;y> vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; epw;fpwJk; [PtDs;sJkhd Njttrdkhfpa moptpy;yhj tpj;jpdhNy kWgbAk; n[epg;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwPh;fNs.

Njt thHj;ijf;$lhf (my;yJ fpwp];Jtpd; thHj;ijapdhy;) tpRthrk; ek;kpy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ: Nuhk 10:17 Mjyhy; tpRthrk; Nfs;tpapdhNytUk;> Nfs;tp NjtDila

trdj;jpdhNy tUk;.

c) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; capHj;njOjYf;$lhf

vg;gb xU kdpjd; kWgbAk; gpwg;gJ rhj;jpak; vd epf;fNjK ,NaRtplk; Nfl;lhd; (Nahth 3:9). ,NaR fpwp];J mjw;F ,t;thwhf (14-16) gjpyspj;jhH.

Nahth 3 : 14-16 rh;g;gkhdJ NkhNrapdhy; tdhe;juj;jpNy cah;j;jg;gl;lJNghy kD\FkhuDk;>jd;id tpRthrpf;fpwtd; vtNdh mtd; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbf;F> cah;j;jg;glNtz;Lk;.Njtd;> jk;Kila xNuNgwhd Fkhuid tpRthrpf;fpwtd; vtNdh mtd; nfl;Lg;Nghfhky; epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbf;F> mtiuj; je;jUsp> ,t;tstha; cyfj;jpy; md;G$h;e;jhh;.

,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzk; capHj;njOjYf;F ed;wp. Njtdplj;jpypUe;J xU Gjpjhf rpU\;bf;fg;gl;l tho;it ngWtJ rhj;jpaNk.

d) ghpRj;j MtpahdtUf;$lhf Nahth 3:5 ,NaR gpujpAj;jukhf: xUtd; [yj;jpdhYk; MtpapdhYk; gpwhthtpl;lhy;

NjtDila uh[;aj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;fkhl;lhd; vd;W nka;ahfNt nka;ahfNt cdf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd;.

jPj;J 3:5 ehk; nra;j ePjpapd; fphpiafspdpkpj;jk; mth; ek;ik ,ul;rpahky;> jkJ ,uf;fj;jpd;gbNa> kWn[d;k KOf;fpdhYk;> ghpRj;j MtpapDila Gjpjhf;FjypdhYk; ek;ik ,ul;rpj;jhh;.


e) tpRthrj;jpw;$lhf – kdpjdpd; jdpg;gl;l KbT

NjtDila rpj;jk; jhd; kWn[d;kkhjYf;F XH mHj;jkhf ,Uf;Fkhdhy; kdpjd; epr;rakhfNt jd;Dila rpj;jj;ij mtUf;F xg;Gf;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kdpjd; epr;rakhfNt mjw;F nrtpnfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; kuzKk; caphj;njOjYk; jhd; kWn[d;kkhFjypd;

mHj;jkhdhy; kdpjd; mjid Vw;Wf;nfhz;L jdf;F chpj;jhf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghpRj;j MtpahdtH jhd; kWn[d;kkhFjypd; mHj;jkhdhy; kdpjd;

mtUf;F fPo;g;gba Ntz;Lk; (xg;. mg; 5:32).

,itnay;yhk; “tpRthrk;” my;yJ “tpRthrpj;jy;” vDk; thHj;ijf;$lhf nrhy;y KbAk;. Njtd; nra;j nraYf;F kdpjdpd; gpujpAj;juNk tpRthrk; MFk;:

fyh 3:26 ePq;fnsy;yhUk; fpwp];J ,NaRitg;gw;Wk; tpRthrj;jpdhy; NjtDila Gj;jpuuhapUf;fpwPh;fNs.

kdpjd; tpRthrpf;Fk; NghJ Njtd; “kWj;juT” nfhLj;J mtiu jk;Kila gps;isahf;FfpwhH.

4. kWn[d;kkhFjypd; my;yJ Gjpa gpwg;gpd; ngWNgWfs; kWgb gpwe;j xUthpd; Fzhjpraq;fSk; kWn[d;kkhFjypd; tpisTfSk; xd;Wjhd;. mitfs; cz;ikahfNt xUtH kWgb gpwe;Js;shuh vd;gij jPHkhdpf;Fk; Nrhjidfshf cs;sJ.

xU Gjpa tho;f;if> vdNt → ghtj;ij epuhfhpj;jy; (Jwtuk;) (Nuhk 6:2@ 1Nahth 5:18). NtW topapy; nrhd;dhy; “ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;l tho;f;if”. ,J njhlHghf “Mtpapay;” vDk; vdJ tphpTiuiag; ghHf;fTk; (ghpRj;j MtpahdtiuAk; mtuJ fphpiaAk; Fwpj;j Ntjhfk Nghjid)> mq;Nf ,tw;iwf; Fwpj;J tphpthf nrhy;ypapUf;fpNwd;. ghpRj;jkhFjiyf; Fwpj;J Mtpapaypy; mjpfkhf ifahz;bUf;fpNwd;. Vnddpy; ,Jjhd; ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; nka;ahd fdpahFk;. Gjpa tho;tpdJk;> [PtDs;s ek;gpf;ifapdJk; epr;rak;.

GJtho;tpd; epr;raKk; xU [PtDs;s ek;gpf;ifAk; (Nuhk 5:1-5@ 1NgJ 1:3-5). NjtDlDk; kw;iwa fpwp];jtHfSlDk; If;fpaj;Jld; thOk; thQ;ir. ew;fphpiafs; (kj; 7:16-20@ ahf; 2:26)

E. ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak;

ehd; ,tw;Wf;fpilapy; gpd;tUk; NtWghLfis Vw;gLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;:

,ul;rpg;gpd; cz;ik (rpYitapy; ,NaRtpdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l tuyhw;W cz;ik).

,ul;rpg;gpd; gpurq;fk; (gpurq;fj;jpw;$lhf ,ul;rpg;G mUsg;gLfpwJ@ Nuhk 10:13-17) ,ul;rpg;gpd; mDgtk; (,ul;rpg;ig jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; chpj;jhf;Fjy;). ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; (mDgtpf;fg;gLfpw ,ul;rpg;ig epiwNtw;wy;).

1. ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raj;jpd; m];jpghuk;

,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raj;jpd; nka;ahd m];jpghuk; NjtDila thHj;ijNa MFk;. ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; ghpRj;j Ntjhfkj;jpd; VTjiyf; Fwpj;j tpRthrj;jpd;gb xd;wpy; epw;Fk; my;yJ tPo;e;J NghFk;. Vndd;why; ,J xd;Wjhd; kdpjd; vg;gb ,ul;rpg;ig ngWtJ vd;Wk; kWgb gpwg;gJ vd;Wk; nrhy;Yk; Gj;jfk;.


Nahth 20:31 ,NaR NjtDila Fkhudhfpa fpwp];J vd;W ePq;fs; tpRthrpf;Fk;gbahfTk;> tpRthrpj;J mtUila ehkj;jpdhNy epj;jpa[Ptid milAk;gbahfTk;> ,itfs; vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

1Nahth 5:13 cq;fSf;F epj;jpa[Ptd; cz;nld;W ePq;fs; mwpaTk;> NjtFkhuDila ehkj;jpd;Nky; ePq;fs; tpRthrkhapUf;fTk;> NjtFkhuDila ehkj;jpd;Nky; tpRthrkhapUf;fpw cq;fSf;F ,itfis vOjpapUf;fpNwd;.

,NaR fpwp];JtplkpUe;Jk; mtH nra;j fhhpaj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; mopf;fg;gl KbahjthW ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s kPl;igNa NjtDila thHj;ij mwptpf;fpwJ. ,ul;rpg;gpd; nra;jpahdJ NjtthHj;ijia mbg;gilaha; nfhz;lJ. NjtthHj;ijfs; ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; nraw;ghl;bw;$lha; ,NaR fpwp];J rk;ghjpj;j kPl;gpy; tpRthrk; itf;fj;jf;fjhf elj;JfpwJ. ehd; kWgbAk; nrhy;fpNwd;: ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;ghdJ NjtDila thHj;ijia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mJ kdpjdpy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rakhdJ xU fg;gypd; eq;$uj;Jld; xg;gplg;gl KbAk;. ,J fg;gYf;F ntspNa fhzg;gLk; xd;W. kdpjidNa mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;s (mtdJ Gj;jp> czHTfs;> rpj;jk;> fphpiafs; my;yJ Fwpg;ghd mDgtq;fs;) ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rakhdJ Ml;lq; fhz;fpwjhfTk;> khiaahfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

2. tpRthrj;jpd; epr;raj;jpd; gpwg;gplk;

a) tpRthrj;jpdhy;

tpRthrj;jpdhy; jhd; NjtthHj;ijiag; ngwKbAk;. tpRthrj;jpw;$lhf ,ul;rpg;gpd; ajhHj;jq;fs; czug;gl;L epr;raKs;sjha; tUfpwJ. mg;Ngh];jydhfpa Nahthdpd; vOj;Jf;fspy; gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fis mbf;fb ghHf;fpNwhk;. “tpRthrpf;fpwth;fs; epj;jpa [Ptid ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;” xg;. Nahth 3:16.36> 1Nahth 5:13).

b) ghpRj;j Mtpapdhy;

,NaR fpwp];Jtpdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l ,ul;rpg;ig ekf;F toq;FtJ ghpRj;j MtpahdtNu:

Nahth 16:7-9.13-14 ehd; cq;fSf;F cz;ikiar; nrhy;YfpNwd;@ ehd; NghfpwJ cq;fSf;Fg; gpuNah[dkhapUf;Fk;@ ehd; NghfhjpUe;jhy;> Njw;wuthsd; cq;fsplj;jpy; tuhh;@ ehd; NghNtNdahfpy; mtiu cq;fsplj;jpw;F mDg;GNtd;.mth; te;J> ghtj;ijf;Fwpj;Jk;> ePjpiaf;Fwpj;Jk;> epahaj;jPh;g;igf; Fwpj;Jk;> cyfj;ijf; fz;bj;J czh;j;Jthh;. mth;fs; vd;id tpRthrpahj gbapdhNy ghtj;ijf;Fwpj;Jk;>… rj;jpa Mtpahfpa mth; tUk;NghJ> rfy rj;jpaj;jpw;Fs;Sk; cq;fis elj;Jthh;@ mth; jk;Kila Rakha;g; Ngrhky;> jhk; Nfs;tpg;gl;litfs; ahitAQ;nrhy;yp> tug;Nghfpw fhhpaq;fis cq;fSf;F mwptpg;ghh;. mth; vd;Dilajpy; vLj;J cq;fSf;F mwptpg;gjpdhy; vd;id kfpikg;gLj;Jthh;.

Nuhk 8:14 NkYk; vth;fs; NjtDila MtpapdhNy elj;jg;gLfpwhh;fNsh> mth;fs; NjtDila Gj;jpuuhapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

Nuhk 8:16 ehk; NjtDila gps;isfshapUf;fpNwhnkd;W Mtpahdth;jhNk ek;Kila MtpAlNd$lr; rhl;rpnfhLf;fpwhh;.

nka;ahd ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rakhdJ kdpj ,Ujaq;fspy; ghpRj;j Mtpahdthpd; fphpiaaha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ek;Kila nrhe;j Kaw;rpapy; my;yJ fphpiafspy; jq;fpAs;s vy;yh tpRthrj;jpd; epr;raKk; xU gpuNah[dKk; mw;wit. ,e;j tifahd ,ul;rpg;gpd; “epr;rak;” xU ePjpg;Nghf;fpw;Fk; (legalism)> Vd; igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdj;jpw;Fk; (fanaticism) $l topelj;Jk;.


c) tpRthrj;jpd; epr;raj;jpd; jd;ik (rhuk;)

ehk; mDgtpf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;ghdJ ,NaR fpwp];J rpYitapy; jd;Dila kPl;gpd; fphpiaf;$lhf rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhz;lJld; xj;Jg;Nghf Ntz;Lk;. ehk; fPo;tUk; ,uz;ilAk; NtWgLj;j Ntz;Lk;:

,g;nghOJ fhZk; ,ul;rpg;gpd; mDgtk;. vjpHfhyj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; ,ul;rpg;gpd; mDgtk;.

,NaR fpwp];J ekf;fhfTk; KO kDf;Fyj;jpw;Fk; ghpG+uzkhd Kw;whd ,ul;rpg;ig rk;ghjpj;jhH (nfhNyh 1:19-20@ vgp 10.14). ,g;NghJ ekf;F ,Uf;fpd;w clikia “tpRthrj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd ,ul;rpg;gpd; clik”vd miof;f KbAk;.

vNg 2:8 fpUigapdhNy tpRthrj;ijf;nfhz;L ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;Bh;fs;@ ,J cq;fshy; cz;lhdjy;y> ,J NjtDila <T@

vjpHfhyj;jpy; ekf;F cz;lhapUg;gij “ehk; ek;gp ,Uf;fpw ,ul;rpg;G” vd nrhy;yyhk;.

Nuhk 8:24 me;j ek;gpf;ifapdhNy ehk; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. fhzg;gLfpwij ek;GfpwJ ek;gpf;ifay;y@ xUtd; jhd; fhz;fpwij ek;gNtz;Ltnjd;d?

,ul;rpg;gpd; cz;ikahd epr;rak; ,g;nghOJ fpwp];jtHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; ,ul;rpg;igAk; mj;NjhL vjpHfhyj;jpy; fHj;jUld; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; NghJ mtUila mDgtj;ijAk; cs;slf;Fk;:

1Nahth 3:14 ehk; rNfhjuhplj;jpy; md;G$Ufpwgbahy;> kuzj;ijtpl;L ePq;fp [PtDf;Fl;gl;bUf;fpNwhnkd;W mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;@ rNfhjudplj;jpy; md;G$uhjtd; kuzj;jpNy epiynfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

,NaR fpwp];J ekf;fhf nra;j vy;yhNk ,e;j cz;ikahd epr;raj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kWgbAk; ehd; nrhy;YfpNwd;. xUtUila nrhe;j fphpiafis> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ve;jtpjkhd rka eltbf;iffisAk; mbg;gilaha; nfhz;l tpRthrj;jpd; epr;rak; xU khiaNa.

d) ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raj;jpd; tpisTfs;

,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raj;jpd; fdpahdJ xU kfpo;r;rpahd tpLjiyahf;fg;gl;l xU tho;thFk;. epj;jpa ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;j epr;rakpy;yhjtHfs; NrhHTf;Fk; kdTisr;rYf;Fk; J}z;lg;gLthHfs;. cjhuzkhf Y}j;jiu vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> NuhkUf;F vOjg;gl;l nra;jpia fz;L gpbf;Fk; kl;Lk; Njtidf; Fwpj;J kpfTk; gae;jtuha; ,Ue;jhH. 1) NjtDld; XH Gjpa cwT (Gjpa tho;f;if)

vgp 10:20 me;j khh;f;fj;jpd;topaha;g; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F mtUila ,uj;jj;jpdhNy ekf;Fj; ijhpak; cz;lhapUf;fpwgbapdhYk;>…

Njtdplj;jpy; rkhjhdkha; ,Ug;gtd; re;Njhrj;NjhLk; kfpo;r;rpNahLk; tpz;zg;gk; gz;Zfpwhd;.

2) kw;wtHfSld; xU Gjpa cwT (xU Gjpa Copak;) ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rakhdJ rhl;rp gfuTk; Nrtpf;fTk; tpRthrpfspd; ,Ujaj;jpw;Fs;Ns re;Njhrj;ijAk; ty;yikiaAk; mUSfpwJ.


mg; 4:20 ehq;fs; fz;litfisAk; Nfl;litfisAk; NgrhkypUf;ff;$lhNj vd;whh;fs;.

,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raKs;std; gag;gl Ntz;bajpy;iy. mjhtJ fHj;juhfpa ,NaRTld; If;fpakha; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;:

Nuhk 8:38-39 kuzkhdhYk;> [PtdhdhYk;> NjtJ}jh;fshdhYk;> mjpfhuq;fshdhYk;> ty;yikfshdhYk;> epfo;fhhpaq;fshdhYk;> tUq;fhhpaq;fshdhYk;> cah;thdhYk;> jho;thdhYk;> Ntnwhe;jr; rpU\;bahdhYk; ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa fpwp];J ,NaRtpYs;s NjtDila md;igtpl;L ek;ikg; gphpf;fkhl;lhnjd;W epr;rapj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

3. epj;jpa ghJfhg;G (iftplhky; njhluy;)

“xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAkh my;yJ ,y;iyah?” ,J Ntjhfk fpwp];jtHfspy; fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfs;tpahFk;. 55 ,ijf; Fwpj;J jPa;aPrdpd; tpsf;fj;Jld; ehd; kfpo;TWfpNwd;:

rhpahf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sg;gLkhdhy; ,J MWjy; mspf;Fk; tpahf;fpahzk; MFk;. Mdhy; ,J J\;gpuNahfk; nra;ag;glNth jtwhd tpahf;fpahzk; nra;ag;glNth $lhJ. tpRthrj;jpdhy; fpwp];JNthL ,ize;jtHfs; NjtfpUigapdhy; ePjpkhdhdtHfs;> ghpRj;j Mtpapdhy; kWn[d;kkhdtHfs;> xUNghJk; Kw;wpYk; fpUigapd; epiyia tpl;L tpyfkhl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; KbT ghpae;jk; tiuf;Fk; epr;rakhfNt epiyj;jpUg;ghHfs;. ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;Nlhk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; vtUk; epj;jpakha; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; vd;gJ mHj;jky;y. rpy fpwp];jt tl;lhuq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l tuq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; xt;nthUtUk; epj;jpakha; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtrpakpy;iy. ,J ,ul;rpg;gpd; Kf;fpakhd mDgtKilatHfSf;Nf nghUe;Jk;. mtHfs; xU NghJk; my;yJ Kw;wpYkhf fpUigapd; epiyia tpl;L toptpyf khl;lhHfs; vd ,J cWjp $WfpwJ. mtHfs; xUNghJk; gpd;thq;fp Nghf khl;lhHfs;. xUNghJk; ghtj;jpy; tpokhl;lhh;fs;. me;j fhyj;jpypUe;J Mr;rHakhd xspaplj;jpy; tutioj;jtUila Gz;zpaq;fis Gfoj; jtw khl;lhHfs; vd mHj;jky;y. mjd; mHj;jk; vd;dntd;why;> ve;j fpUigapd; epiyf;Fs; mtHfs; miof;fg;gl;lhHfNsh> mjpypUe;J mtHfs; xUNghJk; Kw;whf toptpyf khl;lhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; gpd;thq;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Ue;J jpUk;GthHfs; vd;gNj MFk;.56

GNshr;rH 57 vd;gtH trdq;fspd; ,uz;L tpj;jpahrkhd FOf;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRfpwhH> ,itfspd; mHj;jk; Vwf;Fiwa xNu khjphpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ>58 mj;Jld; xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; mNef cjhuzq;fis Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhH:

vr;rhpf;ifNahL $ba trdq;fs; mtrpakhd epge;jidfis epiwNtw;whjtHfs; ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAk; vd fhz;gpf;Fk; gFjpfs;: vNr 33:18@ kj; 18:23-25@ Nuhk 11:20-22@ 1nfhhp 10:12@ 2jPNkh 2:12@ vgp 3:6.12.14@ 6:4ff@ 10:23ff@ 12:3@ ntsp 2:4-5.16.25@ 3:2-5.10-11.16-19.

55 vgpNua epUgj;jpw;fhd vdJ tpsf;fTiuapy; 6k; 10k; mjpfhuq;fspd; tpahf;fpahzj;ij mtjhdpf;fTk;. 56

Henry C. Thiessen, op. cit., p. 294. 57

Henri Blocher, La doctrine du péché et de la rédemption, new edition revised and augmented (Vaux-sur-Seine, France, 1997). I recommend the reading of the chapter over final perseverance (la persévérance finale, vol. II: pp. 335-349). 58

Henri Blocher, op. cit.; see pp. 338ff.


,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;rak; Njt fpUigapy; khj;jpuk; jq;fpAs;sJ vd fhz;gpf;Fk; trdq;fs;: 2jPNkh 1:12@ A+jh 24@ 1nfhhp 1:8@ 10:13@ gpyp 1:6@ 1njr 5:23@ 2njr 3:3@ 2jPNkh 2:13@ 1NgJ 1:15@ kj; 24:22-24@ Nahth 6:39@ 10:28@ 17:2.6.9.12@ Nuhk 8:34-39@ 11:29. xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAk; (MHkPdpathjpfs; 59 vd miof;fg;gLthHfs;) vd tpRthrpg;gtHfs; Kjw; FOtpy; cs;s trdq;fspy; ftdj;ij nrYj;JfpwhHfs;. khwhf> xU kWgbgpwe;j fpwp];jtd; vd;nwd;iwf;FNk epj;jpakha; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;ltd;60 vd;W mjw;F vjpuhd nfhs;ifAilatHfs; ,uz;lhk; FOtpy; cs;s trdq;fis Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;l tpUk;GtH. Kjw; jlitahf ,t; thf;fpaq;fis thrpf;Fk; NghJ ,uz;L FOf;fSk; xd;nwhL xd;W Kuz;gLtJ Nghy; Njhw;wkspf;fpwJ. ,jid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s ,U FOf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; xt;nthU trdq;fis jUfpNwd;.

2jPNkh 2:12 mtNuhNl$lg; ghLfisr; rfpj;Njhkhdhy; mtNuhNl$l MSifAk; nra;Nthk;@ ehk; mtiu kWjypj;jhy;> mtUk; ek;ik kWjypg;ghh;@

1nfhhp 1:8-9 ek;Kila fh;j;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ehspNy ePq;fs; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;glhjth;fshapUf;Fk;gb KbTghpae;jk; mth; cq;fis ];jpug;gLj;Jthh;.jk;Kila FkhuDk; ek;Kila fh;j;jUkhapUf;fpw ,NaRfpwp];JTlNd If;fpakhapUg;gjw;F cq;fis mioj;j Njtd; cz;ikAs;sth;.

Njtd; jd;Dila gps;isfis KbT ghpae;jk; kl;Lk; fhj;Jf; nfhs;s ty;ytH vd;gij gTy; epr;rakha; mwpe;J ,Ue;jhH. cjhuzkhf ,J gpyp 1:6 y; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F kj;jpapYk; xUtH ,oe;J Nghthuhfpy; Njtd; mtiu ,oe;J NghtjpypUe;J fhj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbatp;y;iy vd;gijj;jhd; ,Wjpahf mJ fUj KbAk;. Mh;kPdpad; ,ij ,g;gbahfj;jhd; nrhy;YthHfs;: fHj;jUila ifapypUe;J xU fpwp];jtid ahUk; gwpj;Jg; Nghl KbahJ vd;gJ cz;ikahf ,Ue;jhYk;

59 Mh;kPdpa]; (Arminius) (mtuJ cz;ikahd ngah; N[f;fg; N`h;kd;]; [Jacob Hermans]> mth; n`hyz;l;bYs;s xsNlthl;lh; (Oudewaate) vDk; rpwpa fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;J jhd; Muk;gj;jpy; te;jth;). n[dpthtpy; fy;tPDf;F gpd;dhf te;j jpNahlh ng];]h (Theodore Beza) vd;gthpd; fPo; fy;tp fw;whh;. mq;Nf Kd;Fwpj;jiyf; Fwpj;j cgNjrj;ij Kjypy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. Mh;kpdpa]; (Arminius) kpfTk; fw;Wj; Njh;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. mth; jdJ 25 tJ tajpy; g]y; (Basle) gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,iwapay; fyhepjp gl;lk; ngw;whh;. mjw;Fg; gpw;ghL nya;ld; (Leyden) gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Xh; Nguhrphpauhf te;jhh;. mth; kdpjdpd; RahjPd rpj;jj;ijf;Fwpj;J toikahf nrhy;yg;gl;l fhhpaq;fSf;F Kuzhf tw;GWj;jp Kd;Fwpj;jypd; fy;tpdpr nfhs;ifia vjph;j;jhh;. Mdhy;> ,ijf;Fwpj;j jd;Dila fUj;ij mth; ntspg;gilahf njhptpf;fhjJ vq;fSf;F Mr;rhpaj;ij Cl;LfpwJ (epj;jpa ,ul;rpg;gpd; ghJfhg;G my;yJ ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;Jg;NghFk; rhj;jpaf;$W). mth; Kd;Fwpj;jypd; fy;tpdpr nfhs;ifia khj;jpuNk vjph;j;jhh;. Mdhy; mtiuj; njhlh;e;J te;jth;fs; khwhf> xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;Jg;Nghfyhk; vd ntspg;gilahf njhptpj;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; Mh;kPdpad;fs; my;yJ mjpUg;jpahsh;fs; (td;ikahf kWg;gth;fs; [Remonstrants] ) vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;J Nghfyhk; vDk; Mh;kPdpa epiyiaf;Fwpj;J ehk; NgRk; NghJ Mh;kPdpairg; gw;wpay;y mtiug; gpd; njhlh;e;jth;fisg;gw;wpNa NgRfpd;Nwhk;.

60 fy;tpdprthjpfspy; (Kd;Fwpj;jiy jplkha; ek;Ggth;fs;) Vwf;Fiwa vy;yh ,iwapayhyUNk Kd;Fwpj;jypd; fy;tpdpr nfhs;isia tpRthrpg;gjpy; xj;Jg;Nghfpwhh;fs;. ,jd; tpisthf fy;tpdprthjpfs; Mh;kPdpad;fisg; NghyNt fUjg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. n`d;wp jPa;aprDk; (Henry Thiessen) ,g;gbg;gl;l epiyapNyNa ,Uf;fpd;whh; (cjhuzkhf> epj;jpa ghJfhg;ig tpRthrpf;fpd;whh; Mdhy; epge;jidaw;w Kd;Fwpj;jiy tpRthrpf;ftpy;iy). ehDk; ,Nj epiyiaNa njhpe;njLf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. kdpjd; Kw;wpYkhf Kd;Fwpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Njtdhy; mUsg;gLk; fpUigia epuhfhpf;f mtd; Rje;jpuKs;stdha; ,Uf;fpd;whd; (kj; 23:37@ Y}f; 7:30). Mdhy; Njtd; fh;j;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jit Vw;Wf;nfhz;L kWgb gpwe;jth;fspy; ,ul;rpg;ig ghJfhj;J guhkhpg;ghh;. Nkw;fj;Nja Njrq;fspy; cs;s Ntjhfk fpwp];jth;fspy; ,ijf;Fwpj;J fhzg;gLk; nghJthd nfhs;if ,Jjhd;. ,J fy;tpdprj;jpd; xw;iw Kd;Fwpg;Gf;nfhs;iff;Fk; Mh;kPdpad; my;yJ nt];ypad; (nkjb];j ,af;fj;ij cUthf;fp N[hd; nt];ypAk; $l xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;JNghf KbAk; vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;jhh;) epiyf;Fk; ,ilapYs;sJ.


(Nahthd; 10:28.61) 61 > xU fpwp];jtd; fHj;jUila ifapypUe;J jd;id tpLtpj;Jf; nfhz;L tpRthr JNuhfk; ,iof;f KbAk;. Kjw; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FOtpdH NkNy Rl;bf;fhl;bagb NtW Nkyjpf trdq;fis Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b ,e;j Ntjg;gFjpfs; xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;J Nghf KbAk; vd;gij KbT nra;fpd;wdH.

khwhf> ,e;j Kuz;ghlhd Nfs;tpf;F tpRthrpfspd; epj;jpa ghJfhg;G ,g;gbahf gjpyspf;Fk; vd $Wfpd;wdH. cz;ikjhd;> ,J kdpjdpy; jq;fp ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mNefH (vy;NyhUk; ,y;yhtpbDk;) ,oe;J NghthHfs;. kdpjDila (fpwp];jtDila)gf;fk; ,J nghpa Mgj;jhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; rHt ty;yikAs;s Njtd; ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;fr; nra;Ak; xU tPo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J jk;Kila gps;isfisg; ghJfhf;f ty;ytuhf ,Uf;fpwhH. ,e;j nfhs;ifia cilatHfs; NjtDila gps;is kWgbAk; ghtj;jpy; tpOe;J Njtd; jkJ ,Wjp rpl;rpg;ghd rhPu kuzj;jpd; %yk; mtHfis jz;bf;f KbAk; vd;w cz;ikf;F vjpHj;J epw;gjpy;iy (1nfhhp 5:5@ 11:28-32). Mdhy; ,jd; mHj;jk; mtH jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;J tpl;lhH vd;gJ mHj;jky;y. mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTypd; thHj;ijfspd;gb mtH jd;Dila ghpRfis (gyd;fis) ,of;Fk; Mgj;jpy; cs;shNunahopa mtUila ,ul;rpg;ig my;y (1nfhhp 3:11-15@ 5:5). 1nfhhp 9:27k; trdKk; ,g;gbNa jhd;: gTy; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;J tpLthH vd;W gag;gl;lhH vd;W ,e;j trdk; ,q;Nf epr;rakhf nrhy;ytpy;iy. khwhf> mtUila CopaKk; mtUila ntFkjpANk Mgj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. GNshr;rH 62 (Blocher) vd;gtH xU jfg;gd; jd;Dila gps;isia ,t;thW vr;rhpf;Fk; jd;ikia fhz;gpf;fpwhH: “eP ,e;j kiy cr;rpf;Fg; Nghdhy; tpOe;J tpLtha;!” mtH njhlHfpwhH… “,e;j cyfj;J gpjhtpd; mtjhdk; $l jtwptpLk;. Mdhy; guNyhf gpjhtpDila mtjhdk; jtwhjgb epr;raKs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ”. ehd; ,e;j nfhs;ifia Mjhpf;fpNwd;. NjtDila md;ig tpl;L ve;j cauNkh MoNkh ek;ik gphpf;f KbahJ (Nuhk 8:34-39). xU MHkPdpad; ,g;gbahf nrhy;YthH: “vd;id jtpu”! mjw;F ehd; ,t;thW gjpy; nrhy;Ntd;: “guNyhfj;jpy; cs;sitfisAk; G+Nyhfj;jpy; cs;sitfisAk; tpl ehd; ntspNa epw;gtdh?” xUtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;Jg;Nghfyhk; vd;w Mh;kpdpa nfhs;if jd;Dila ew;fphpiafspdhNy jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig epr;rakhfNt ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W nghUs;glhjh vd;w Xh; Nfs;tpAk; vOfpd;wJ?

,e;j Nfs;tpAk; epr;rakhfNt kdjpy; epiyepWj;j Ntz;Lk;: gpd;thq;fpg;Nghd fpwp];jtd; xUtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;fKbAkhdhy;> mJ epfo mtd; vg;gbg;gl;l Xh; ghtj;ij nra;a Ntz;Lk;? 1nfhhp 3:11-15 kw;Wk; 5:5 Mfpatw;wpd; ntspr;rj;jpy; gpd;tUk; Nfs;tpfis ehk; epr;rakhfNt Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;.

guNyhf gyd;fis Fiwf;Fk; ghtk; vJ? Kw;wpYkhf gyid ,oe;Jg;Nghfr; nra;Ak; ghtk; vJ? ,ul;rpg;ig Kw;wpYkhf ,oe;Jg;Nghff; $ba ghtk; vd;d?

vg;gb ,itfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl KbAk;? ,f;Nfs;tpfs; vy;yhk; ghtq;fspy; gytiffs; cz;L> mitfisg;gFf;f KbAk; (kd;dpf;fg;glf;$ba vspjhd ghtq;fs;> mopTf;Fupajhd ghtq;fs;…) vd;w Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;fr;rigapd; Nghjidfis Qhgfg;gLj;jf;$ba kiwKfkhd Nfs;tpshFk;. ,e;j ,Utifahd tpahf;fpahdq;fis GNshr;rh; (Blocher) ,g;gbahf RUf;fpf; 63 $Wfpwhh;:

“xUtd; tpRthrj;jpy; epiyj;jpUe;jhy;” me;j tpRthrp ,ul;rpf;fg;gLthd; vd Mh;kPdpad;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fs;.

“Njtd; tpRthrpfis (KbTghpae;jk;) ghJfhg;ghh;” vd kw;wth;fs; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;.

61 tpRthrpfspd; epj;jpa ghJfhg;Gf;Fwpj;j nfhs;ifia epiyepWj;Jk; Nfhl;il. 62 Henri Blocher, op. cit., II: p. 340. 63

Henri Blocher, op. cit., II: p. 342.


,g;gbg;gl;l trdq;fspd; vr;rhpg;Gf;fhd fhuzk; xU tpRthrp vg;nghOJk; Maj;jkha; ,Uf;fTk;> mtuJ tpRthrj;jpd; cz;ikAs;s jd;ikia ghPl;rpf;fTk;> mtiu cw;rhfg;gLj;jTNkahFk;. ehd; cz;ikahfNt NjtDila gps;isah? vd; fphpiafs; cz;ikahfNt tpRthrj;jpd; milahskh (xg;. ahf; 2:14ff)?

kw;Wk; gy Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tpfs; vOfpd;wd:

ehk; cz;ikapNyNa ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;L NjtDila fpUigapdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhkh (KbTghpae;jk; tiu: xg;. 1nfhhp 1:8@ gpyp 1:5)?

fpUigapdhy; mspf;fg;gl;l ,e;j ,ul;rpg;G vd;iwf;Fk; chpajh my;yJ ekJ nrhe;j fphpiafSf;$lhf ,ij ehk; fl;bf;fhf;f Ntz;Lkh?

ek;ik KbT ghpae;jk; fhf;f Njtd; ty;yikAs;sth; vd Fwpf;Fk; mNef Ntjg;gFjpfs; cz;L. NjtDila ty;yikahdJ kdpjDila Rje;jpuk; Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ Kbtilaf;$ba xd;whf ,Uf;Fkhdhy; gpd;G Njtd; vg;gb Xh; rh;tty;yikAs;s Njtdhf ,Uf;fKbAk; vd GNshr;rh; 64 rhpahd Nfs;tpia vOg;Gfpd;whh;.

epr;rakhfNt kdpjd; Xh; Kd;jpl;lkplg;gl;l Xh; ,ae;jpukhf (pre-programmed machine) ,Uf;f KbahJ vd tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwhk;. mtd; njhpe;njLf;ff;$ba RahjPdj;ijAilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l fpwp];jth;fs; $l ghtj;jpy; tpo KbAk; vd ek; md;whl tho;f;if fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. xU fpwp];jtdpd; ghtq;fs; mtdJ ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;fr;nra;a KbahJ. vdpDk; mtdJ ghpRfis (gyid) Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf;Fnkd ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ vd ehd; tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwd; ( 2nfhhp 3:14-15). khwhf ahuhtJ xUth; epj;jpa mopTf;F Nghthuhdhy; mJ mth; xUNghJk; kWgb gpwf;ftpy;iynad;gijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ (xg;. vgp 3:19@ 4:6@ 1Nahth 2:19@ A+jh 5.19@ Nghd;wd).

,e;j Ntisapy; Ntjhfk gFjpfisAila ,U kw;iwa FOf;fspd; gl;baiyAk; epuy;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ:65

1. xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;Jg;Nghfyhk; vd;gjw;fhd Ntjg;gFjpfs;: tpNrlkhf vgp 6:4-6@ 10:26-31@ 2NgJ 2:20-22.

2. cz;ikahfNt kWgbAk; gpwthj Xh; “NkNyhl;lkhd” rig mq;fj;jth;fisf;Fwpf;Fk; gFjpfs;: 1Nahth 2:19@ vgp 3:19@ 4:6@ A+jh 5.19. Mz;lthuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];J $wpa mNef thh;j;ijfs; ,th;fisNa rhUk; kj; 7:23@ 15:13. ,NjNghyNt tpijg;gtdpdJk;> gyjug;gl;l tpijfspdJk; ctikAk; (Vw;fdNt NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ: kj; 13@ khw; 4@ Y}f; 8)

vd;id nghWj;jkl;by; vgp 6:4-6@ 10:26-31@ 2NgJ 2: 20-22 ,e;j Ntjg;gFjpfs; kWgb gpwthj fpwp];jtidf;Fwpj;Nj NgRfpwJ. rj;jpaj;ij mwpe;j NghjpYk; gpd;thq;fp Nghfpd;wth;fspd; Nfs;tpf;Fwpa epiyiaf;Fwpj;Nj ,J NgRfpd;wJ (1Nahth 2:19). ,q;Nf $wg;gl;l kf;fspd; tpRthrj;JNuhfkhdJ “Chassez le naturel et il revient au galop!” vDk; gonkhopia ed;whf tpsq;fg;gLj;Jfpd;wjha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. GNshr;rh; ,ijf;Fwpj;J kpfg;nghUj;jkhf gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whh;: “tpRthr JNuhfpfs; jq;fspd; tpOe;J NghFjypd; %yk; NkNyhl;lkhd kW&gkhFjypd; kj;jpapNyAk; jq;fs; ,Ujaj;jpy; eha;fshfTk;> ngz; gd;wpfshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gijNa ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. 66 vgp 6:4-6 y; fhzg;gLk; “xUjuk; gpufhrpg;gpf;fg;gl;Lk;”> “guk<it Urpghh;j;Jk;”> “ghpRj;j Mtpiag; ngw;Wk;”> vd;w gFjpfs; kWgbAk; gpwe;j kf;fisf;Fwpj;J jhd; NgRfpd;wJ vd;W vz;zg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. vgp 2:9 ld; ,jid xg;gpl;Lg;ghh;f;fTk;: ,NaR fpwp];JTk; kuzj;ij Urp ghh;j;Jk; mope;Jg;Nghftpy;iy. ,NaR fpwp];J rpYitapy; fhbia Urp ghh;j;Jk; mjid Fbf;ftpy;iy. guNyhf <itg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lth;fs; ghpRj;j Mtpia

64

Ibid. 65

Cf. ibid., II: pp. 342-347. 66

Ibid., II: p. 342. (We translated it from French into English)


ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;W mh;j;jky;y. nrhd;dhw; Nghy> ePq;fs; xd;iw jPh;khdpg;gjw;F Kd;G mjid fz;bg;ghf Urp ghh;j;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpby; ePq;fs; mjid nra;tjh ,y;iyah vd;gij KbT nra;a KbahJ. xUth; Urpghh;g;gjpdhy; jhd; ,NaR fpwp];JTf;F jd;id mh;g;gzpg;gjpd; tpisTfis mwpa KbAk; → gpufhrpg;gpf;fg;gLjy; vd;gjpd; mh;j;jk; epr;rakhf GJg;gpf;fg;gLjiyNah> kWgpwg;igNah Fwpf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ,jw;F xg;ghd 2NgJ 2:20 ,J “ntWkNd” “mwptij” Fwpj;Nj NgRfpd;wJ. ehd; kWgbAk; nrhy;fpNwd;: mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;gjpd; mh;j;jk; kWgbAk; xUth; gpwe;J tpl;lhh; vd;gjy;y. mwpthdJ Kjyhtjhf epr;rakhfNt ,Ujaj;jpw;Fs; ,wq;f Ntz;Lk; (,Ujaj;ijf;Fwpj;j ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; thh;j;ijfis Y}f; 8:15@ kj; 7:21-23 y; fhzyhk;). vgp 6:4y; fhzg;gLk; ghpRj;j Mtpahdtiu ngw;Wk; (gq;Fs;sth;fshfpAk;) vd;gJ fpNuf;f %ynkhopapy; “ghpRj;j Mtpahdth;” vDk; egiuf;Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf> ,J ghpRj;j Mtpahdtupd; <it my;yJ Fwpg;ghf nrhd;dhy; xUtupy; my;yJ rk;ke;jg;gl;ltupy; mtu; Mw;Wk; fpupiafis Fwpf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf Nahth 16:8-10 ghpRj;j Mtpahdtu; ekf;F ghtj;ij Fwpj;J czu;j;Jfpwhu;: ek;Kld; NgRfpwhu;: ek;ik mirf;fpwhu;: ek;ik re;jpf;fpd;whu;. ,jw;F kj;jpapNyAk; kdpjd; mtiu vjpu;f;fNth> epuhfupf;fNth KbAk;. vgp 6:4 y; cs;s →“gq;Fnfhs;tJ” (“participate in”) my;yJ “gfph;jy;” (“share in”) vDk; gjkhdJ 2NgJ 1:4 y; (“jpt;tpa Rghtj;Jf;Fg; gq;Fs;sth;fshFk;nghUl;L”) $wg;gl;Ls;sJk; xd;wy;y. 2NgJ 1:4y; nrhy;yg;gl;ltu;fs; xspA+l;lg;gl;ltu;fNsh my;yJ mwptpf;fg;gl;ltu;fNsh khj;jpuky;y> jq;fSla tho;f;ifia khw;wpaikj;jtu;fs; vd ,J $WfpwJ. vNg 6:4-6 $wg;gl;Ls;stu;fs; re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp ,NaR fpwp];J $wpa ctikapYs;s fw;ghiwapy;> topNahuj;jpy;> Kl;Gjupy; tpOe;j tpijfNsahFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; mth;fs; cz;ikahd fpwp];jth;fs; Nghy Njhd;wpdhYk; mth;fsJ tpRthrk; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;l NghJ tpOe;J Nghfpwhh;fs; (1Nahth 2:19). vgp 6:7-8 y; nrhy;yg;gl;l epyj;jpd; tpsf;fkhdJ ,ij ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. kio ePiuf;Fbj;J xU ey;y gapiuj;jUfpd;w epyq;fSk; cz;L. mNjNtis Kl;fisAk;> Kl;G+z;LfisAk; tpistpf;Fk; epyq;fSk; cz;L. kWgbAk; ,J kj; 13@ khw; 4@ Y}f; 8 y; cs;s ,NaR nrhd;d tpijf;fpwtd; ctikia ekf;F Qhgf%l;ltpy;iyah? Xh; ey;y nrk;ikahd ,Ujaj;jpy; thh;j;ijia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lth;fs; jhd; nka;ahd fpwp];jth;fs; vd ,NaR nrhy;fpwhh; vd;gjid ehd; kWgbAk; nrhy;fpNwd;: Y}f; 8:15I ghh;f;fTk;. vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy; vgp 6:4-6 tiuAs;s trdq;fs; ghijfspYk; Kl;GjUf;Fs;Sk; tpOe;j tpijfSf;F xg;gplg;gl KbAk;. 67 ,Ug;gpDk; vgp 6: 9-20 tiuAs;s trdq;fs; NkNyAs;s trdq;fSld; njspthf Kuz;gl Kay;fpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;L gFjpfSk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gLfpd;wd vd ePq;fs; epidf;fyhk;. vgp 6:4-5 MdJ ePq;fs; ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAk; vd;gJ Nghd;w Njhw;wj;ij jUfpd;wJ. mNjNtis vgp 6:9-20 mit tpRthrpfSf;fhd ,ul;rpg;gpd; epr;raj;ijf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ. vgp 10:26-31 tiuAs;s trdq;fSk; ,Nj Nghd;Wjhd;. xU fpwp];jtd; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,oe;J Nghf KbAk; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf ,e;j 29k; trdj;ijf; $Wfpd;whh;fs;: “NjtDila Fkhuidf; fhypd;fPo; kpjpj;J> jd;idg; ghpRj;jQ;nra;j cld;gbf;ifapd; ,uj;jj;ij mRj;jnkd;nwz;zp> fpUigapd; Mtpia epe;jpf;fpwtd; vt;tsT nfhbjhd Mf;fpidf;Fg; ghj;jputhdhapUg;ghd; vd;gij Nahrpj;Jg;ghUq;fs;”. “jd;id ghpRj;jk; gz;zpa cld;gbf;ifapd; ,uj;jj;ij” vd;w trdj;ijg; ghh;j;jTld; kde;jpUk;gpa Ntisapy; ,Ue;J xUth; jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAk; vd;gJ rhj;jpaNk vdj;Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;s egh; nka;ahfNt kWgb gpwe;Js;shh; vd rpe;jpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. 1nfhhp 7:14 MdJ tpRthr Jizf;$lhf Njtd; MrPh;tjpf;fpd;w ,ul;rpf;fg;glhj fdtid my;yJ kidtpiaf;Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpwJ. ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gly; vDk; gjkhdJ hagíastai vDk; fpNuf;f gjj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,e;jNtisapNy Kf;fpakhd trdkhfpa 2NgJ 2:1I ehd; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;: fpwp];Jthdth; vy;NyhUf;Fkhd kPl;gpd; fpuaj;ij nrYj;jptpl;lhh; (agorásanta). ,jd; tpidr;nrhy;yhd agoráctsō vd;gJ thq;Fjy;> tpw;wy;> kPl;Fk; nghUs; vDk; nghUs;gLk;. ,e;j trdkhdJ fs;sj;jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;Fk;> fs;s Nghjfh;fSf;Fk; 67

As mentioned above, I recommend in this respect the chapter “perseverance of the saints” (“la persévérance finale”) by Henri Blocher in his book La doctrine du péché et de la rédemption (Vaux-sur-Seine, France 1997), vol. II: pp. 335-349).


nghUe;JtjhAs;sJ. cz;ikapy; fpwp];Jit jq;fs; nrhe;j Mz;ltuhfTk;> v[khddhfTk; mwpe;J epuhfhpg;gth;fSf;F ,e;j kPl;ghdJ chpj;jhtjpy;iy. mth;fs; epahaj;jPh;g;gpd; fPNoNa ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. xU gue;j fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jj;jpdhy; vy;NyhUNk ghpRj;jkhf;fg;gl;Lk;> ePjpkhdhf;fg;gl;Lk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; (Nuhk 5:18@ nfhNyh 1:20). Mdhy;> fpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jkhdJ NjtDila thh;j;ijia nka;ahd Rj;j ,Ujaj;Jld; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lth;fSf;F> mjhtJ fpwp];JTf;$lhf NjtNdhL xg;Guthf Maj;jkhdth;fSf;F khj;jpuNk gypjkhFk; (2nfhhp 5:20).

ek;Kila ,ul;rpg;gpd; ,Wjpahd ajhh;j;jKk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; tUifAk; vdJ ,Wjpapay; (filrp fhyj;ijf;Fwpj;j Nghjidfs;) vDk; E}ypy; tphpthf Ngrg;gLfpwJ.

F. gf;f Muha;T: njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> Kd;Fwpj;jy;> RahjPd rpj;jk;> ghpRj;jthd;fspd; ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jkhd tpj;jpahrkhd ghh;itfs;.

njhpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> Kd;Fwpj;jy;> RahjPd rpj;jk;> ghpRj;jthd;fspd; ghJfhg;G> guk;giu (n[d;k) ghtk; Mfpatw;wpd; Nfs;tpfs; rk;ge;jkhd NtWg;gl;l epiyfs;.

1. tPo;r;rpf;F Kd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jy; (Supralapsarianism)

Kd;Fwpj;jy; nfhs;if (Supralapsarianism): (Rg;uh = NkNy> Kd;ghf @ yg;r]; = tPo;r;rp) : ,J Njtd; cyf Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;dhf jPh;khdpj;j jPh;khdq;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; NgRfpd;wJ@ (1) Njtd; xU rpyiuj; njhpe;njLf;fTk; kWrpyiu epuhfhpf;fTk; jPh;khdpj;jhh; (KbT nra;jhh;)@ (2) gpw;ghL Njtd; ,UtiuAk; (njhpe;njLf;fg;glg; Nghfpd;wth;fisAk;> epuhfhpf;fg;glg; Nghfpd;wth;fisAk; [js;sptpl] rpU\;bf;f jPh;khdpj;jhh;@ (3) tPo;r;rpia mDkjpf;fj; jPh;khdpj;jhh;@ (4) fpwp];JTf;$lhf njhpe;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lth;fSf;F khj;jpukhd ,ul;rpg;ig cWjpr;nra;jy;. ,f;nfhs;ifapd; (,ul;il Kd;Fwpj;jy;) gpugy;akhd MjuthsHfshd jpNahlh; b Ngrh (Theodore de Beza (1519-1605)@ n[dPthtpy; cs;s fy;tPdpd; khztUk; mtiug; gpd;gw;wpatUk;) kw;Wk; gpuhd;rp];f]; Nfhku]; (1563-1641) : nejh;yhe;jpy; cs;s nya;ld; vd;w ,lj;jpYs;s ,iwapay; Nguhrphpah;> fy;tPd; vd;gth; tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jiyah> tPo;r;rpf;F Kd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jiyah ek;gpdhh; vd Ntjty;Yzh;fs; ,d;Dk; jh;f;fpf;fpd;whh;fs;. Vnddpy;> mtUila $w;Wf;fs; vy;yhk; njspthdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fy;tpd; Muk;gj;jpy; tPo;r;rpf;F Kd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jiy tpRthrpj;jhYk;> gpw;ghL tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpf;Fk; epiyia tpRthrpj;jhh;. mtUila gpd;ida vOj;Jf;fs; mjid Mjhpg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. epge;jidaw;w njhptpd; (Kd;Fwpj;jy;) Mjuthsh;fs; (1.2.3 epiyfs;) tpNrlkhf Nuhk 9:11ff> vNg 1:4-11 gFjpfis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lfpd;whh;fs;.

2. tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jy; (Infralapsarianism)

tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jy; (Infralapsarianism) : ,d;gpuh = fPNo> gpd;ida Nehf;F@ rpyh; ,jid Rg;yhg;rhhpadprk; (Sublapsarianism ) vdTk; miog;gh;. (1) Njtd; rpU\;bf;f jPh;khdpj;jhh;> (2) Njtd; tPo;r;rpia jPh;khdpj;jhh;. (3) Njtd; rpyiuj; njhpe;njLf;f jPh;khdpj;jhh;. (4) Njtd; ,NaRfpwp];JTf;$lhf njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; ,ul;rpg;ig cWjp nra;a jPh;khdpj;jhh;. ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ xw;iw Kd;Fwpj;jy; (single predestination) vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. tPo;r;rpf;F Kd;dhd my;yJ tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jy; nfhs;ifahdJ gpd;tUk; fy;tPdprj;jpd; Ie;J fUJNfhs;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ : (1) epge;jidaw;w njhpT (Kd;Fwpj;jy;) (2) tiuaWf;fg;gl;l gpuhar;rpj;jk; (,NaR njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lth;fSf;fhf khj;jpuk; khpj;jhh;. yj;jPd; gjk;@ expiatio definita)) (3) Gwf;fzpf;f Kbahj fpUig (njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lth;fSf;fhf khj;jpuk; fpilf;Fk; Njtdpd; ,ul;rpf;Fk; fpUig) (4) njhpe;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lth;fs; mth;fSila ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbahJ (mjhtJ>


ghpRj;jthd;fspd; ghJfhg;G). (5) KOtJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiy (mjhtJ> vy;yh kdpjh;fspdJk; ghtj;jd;ik : Mq;fpyk; ntspg;gLj;JtJ : KOtJkhd ed;ik nra;a ,ayhj epiy (rPuopT) : nejh;yhe;jpy; cs;s ^Hr;rl; MNyhrid rq;fj;jpy; (nrdw;) ngUk;ghd;ikahd fy;tpdprthjpfs; tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhf Kd;Fwpj;jiy Mjhpg;gjhf thf;fspj;jhh;fs;. etPd fhyj;jpd; ,iwapayhsh;fshd Loraine Boettner, Van Til kw;Wk; Henri Blocher ,th;fshth; (etPd fy;tPdprthjpfs;).

3. mkpuy;brk; (Amyraldism) mkpuy;brk; : nkha;Nr mkpuy;l; [Moïse Amyrault] (yj;jpd; ngah; : mkpuy;l];) : rht;%hpy; cs;s `pA[pnehl; (Huguenot Seminary of Saumur) ,iwapy; fyhrhiyapy; gpud;r; Nguhrphpauhfpa (1664) ,th; Kd;Fwpj;jy; nfhs;ifia (mf];bdpad; - fy;tpdpr) tpRthrpj;jhh;. Mdhy;> tiuaWf;fg;gl;l gpuhar;rpj;j gypia my;y. mjhtJ fy;tPdprj;jpd; ehd;F fUJNfhs;fis khj;jpuk; tpRthrpj;jhH. mkpuy;l; fUJNfhs; mbg;gilahd midtu; kPl;Gf;nfhs;ifia (mg;gb vz;zg;gLfpd;w) fw;gpj;jhh; (1634). Njtd; vy;NyhUila ,ul;rpg;igAk; epakpj;jhh;. Mdhy;> mth;fs; tpRthrpj;jhy;. Mdhy;> ,d;DnkhU jPh;khdj;jpw;$lhf Fwpg;gpl;l rpyu; jhd; fpUigapd; gpui[fshf te;jhh;fs;. fLikahd fy;tpdprthjpfSf;F ,e;j fUJNfhs; midtu; kPl;Gf;nfhs;if Xh; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahj cld;ghlhf ,Uf;fyhk;. cz;ikapy;> vy;yh kdpjh;fSf;fhfTk; jk;Kila Fkhud; khpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Njtd; jPh;khdpj;jhh;. mNjNtis> xU rpyiu jhd; Njh;e;njLg;gjw;F mtrpakhd ,ul;rpf;Fk; tpRthrj;ij mtu; mUs jPh;khdpj;jhH vd;gJ %lj;jdkhd thjkhfj; njd;gltpy;iy? 4. Kd;Fwpj;jyhdJ NjtDila Kd;dwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ (Election is based on the foreknowledge of God)

Kd;Fwpj;jyhdJ NjtDila Kd;dwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ (Election (i.e.

predestination) is based on the foreknowledge of God: (1) Njtd; gilf;f jPh;khdpf;fpd;whh;@ (2) Njtd; ,e;j vOe;jkhdkhd jd;Dila gilg;gpd; tPo;r;rpia (rpj;jj;jpd; RahjPd jPh;khdj;jpdhy; te;j Xh; tpistpdhy;) mDkjpf;fpd;whh;. (3) jk;Kila FkhuDf;$lhf ,ul;rpg;ig cUthf;f jPh;khdpf;fpd;whh;. (4) ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fpUigapd; tsq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wthfspy;> Njtd; Kd;djhfNt mwpe;jpUf;fpd;wth;fspy; (Nuhk. 8:29-30@ 1NgJ. 1:1-2@ xg;. rq;. 139:16) ,ul;rpg;ig tpisthf;fj;jf;fjhf Njtd; fl;lisapl;lhh;. njhpe;njLg;ghdJ epge;jidaw;wjd;W. Mdhy;> vy;yhtw;iwAk; Kd;djhfNt Kd;dwpfpd;w Njtdpd; Kd;dwptpy; cs;s tpRthrj;jpy; jq;;fpAs;sJ. Kd;dwptnjd;gJ (Foreknow fpNuf;fj;jpy;: [proginōskō]) Kd;Fwpj;jYf;F (predetermine fpNuf;fj;jpy;: [prohorízō]) rkhdkhdjy;y. ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba fhhpak; vd;dntdpy;> A.B.C y; ,ul;rpg;ghdJ fpwp];Jtpy; cs;s fpUigapd; <thf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (mjhtJ> kdpjDila ve;j ed;ikAk; ,y;yhky; [no synergism] (tpRthrk; vd;gJ Xh; fphpia my;y) ,NaRfpwp];Jtpy; kdpjd; ngWk; ,ul;rpg;gpw;fhd Njt <thf ,Uf;fpd;wJ). Aw;Fk; Bw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s tpj;jpahrkhdJ tpN\rkhdJ> fpUigahdJ vjph;f;f KbahjJ my;y. khwhf> mJ epuhfhpf;fg;gl KbAk; (kj;. 23:37@ Y}f;. 7:30). mJ khj;jpuky;y ,NaRfpwp];Jthdth; njhpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;ltHfSf;fhf khj;jpuk; khpj;jhh; vd;gJk; kWjypf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (,jw;F vjpuhf [expiatio definite] ) jk;ik kPl;Lf;nfhz;ltiu kWjypj;jjd; epkpj;jkha; ,ul;rpg;gpd; fphpia cjtp nra;ahj Jh;cgNjrf;fhud; cl;gl vy;NyhUf;fhfTk; ,NaR khpj;jhh;. ,e;epiyahdJ (A.B.C.Ig; Nghd;W) tpRthrpfspd; epj;jpa ghJfhg;ig tpRthrpf;fpd;wJ. kWgb gpwe;j fpwp];jth;fs; ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f khl;lhh;fs; (gpyp. 1:6@ Nahth.10:28 Nghd;wit). mtd; ghtj;jpw;Fs; rpf;Fz;bUg;ghdhdhy; mtd; jd;Dila gyid ,oe;J Nghthd; my;yJ ,of;f Nehplyhk;; (1nfhhp. 3:14-15). ,f;nfhs;if jP];]dhy; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ehKk; ,j;jpirapy; nry;y Kidfpd;Nwhk;. ,e;epiyahdJ fy;tPdprj;jpd; 5 mk;rq;fspy; ,U mk;rkhfpa vy;yh kdpjdpd; KOg;ghtj;jd;ik> vy;yh njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; epj;jpa ghJfhg;igANk tpRthrpf;fpd;wJ.


5. Mh;kpdprk; (Arminianism)

Mh;kpdprk; (Arminianism): xy;yhe;juhd Mh;kpdpa]; (mtuJ cz;ikahd ngah; N[f;fg; N`Hkd;];. ,th; n[dPthtpy; cs;s jpNahlh; vd;gthpd; khzth;. Mhpkpdpa]; vd;gth; ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; tPo;r;rpf;F Kd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jiy> my;yJ tPo;r;rpf;F gpd;dhd Kd;Fwpj;jiy> ep&gpf;fpd;wjh vd tpsf;f miof;fg;gl;lhh;. ,th; D vd;w epiyapy; KbTf;F te;jhh;. mtUk; nya;ldpy; cs;s Nfhkuirg; Nghd;W vjph;j;jhh;. fy;tpdprthjpfshy; Mh;kpdpaRk; fbe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;lhh;. ^Hl;nur;l;; (Doordrecht ) rq;fj;jpy; (1618-1619) mtuhy; gq;Fgw;w Kbatpy;iy. ,th; 1609NyNa khpj;J tpl;lhh;. ,ul;rpg;ig ,of;f KbAk; vd;w epiyf;F Mh;kpdprthjpfs; te;jhh;fs;. Mh;kpdpa]; jhNkh ,e;j gpur;rpidiaf; Fwpj;J xU njspthd epiyia tpsf;ftpy;iy. Ie;J mk;r - fy;tpdprnfhs;ifapy; vy;yh kdpjhpd; KO ghtj;jd;ikNa jf;fitf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j nfhs;iffSf;fpilNa gy tpj;jpahrkhd “epoiy” Nghd;w NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (cjhuzj;jpw;F nt];ypad;i]g; ghh;f;fTk;).

6. miu ngNy[padprk; (Semipelagianism)

miu ngNy[padprk;: ngNy[padprk; fbe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l gpw;ghL xU Gjpjhd Kuz;ghlhfpa miu (nrkp) ngNy[padprk; Njhd;wpaJ (429-529 fp.gp.). k]pypahtpy; ,Ue;J te;j Jwtpfs; (mg;Nghl; N[hfhdh];> fhrpad];) kw;Wk; nyhpdDk; mf];bdpd; Kd;Fwpj;jy; nfhs;ifia vjph;j;jhh;fs;. MdhYk;> ngNy[padprj;ij Nghyy;yhJ nkd;ikahf ,th;fs; Kd;G k]pypad;]; (Massilians) vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. 16k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J jhd; (rPh;j;jpUj;jj;jpypUe;J) nrkpngNy[padprk; vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. nrkpngNy[padprthjpfs; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;: ghtj;jpdhNy kdpj rpj;jk; gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jhYk; ey;yij Nehf;fpa Fzhjprak; mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpwJ. kdpjd; khpf;ftpy;iy> mtd; tpahjpaha; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. vdNtjhd;> nja;tPf fpUig mtDf;F mtrpakha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> kdpjDila Rarpj;jKk;> fpUigAk; xd;whf fphpia nra;fpd;wJ (ePjpkhdhf;Fjypy; kdpjd; xj;Jiof;fpd;whd;). Njtd; kdpjDila tplhg;gpbahd tpRthrj;ij Kd;dwpe;J Njtd; kdpjid ,ul;rpg;gpw;F epakpf;fpd;whh;. ,e;j epiyapy; ,ul;rpg;Ngh> miog;Ngh kdpjdpy; jhd; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.

7. ngNy[padprk; (Pelagianism)

ngNy[padprk;: Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lgb xU gphpj;jhdpa Jwtpahd ngNy[pa]; mf];bDld; thf;Fthjj;jpy; <Lgl;lhh; (ngNy[pad; Kuz;ghL). ngNy[pa]; (418) n[d;k ghtj;ij kWjypj;J KO RahjPd rpj;jj;ij typAWj;jpdhh; (virtue man). ew;gz;GfSf;$lhf fpUigf;F jhd; ghj;jputhsp vd ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mth; vz;zpdhh;. jd;Dila ,ul;rpg;ig miltjw;fhf kdpjd; mtDila ghpg+uz cjhuzkhfpa fpwp];Jit fl;lhak; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.


VIII. Bibliography 1. Reference books

Bauer, Walter. Griechisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der

übrigen urchristlichen Literatur. Revised reprint of the 5th revised edition. Berlin: Walter de

Gruyter, 1971.

Carrez, Maurice et François Morel. Dictionnaire grec-français du Nouveau Testament. 4th revised

edition. Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1988.

Gesenius, Wilhelm. Wilhelm Gesenius’ Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das

Alte Testament. Reprint of the 17th edition of 1915, revised by Frants Buhl. Berlin: Springer-

Verlag, 1962.

Van Gemeren, Willem A. General Editor. New International Dictionary of Old Testament Exegesis.

5 volumes. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Publishing, 1996.

Wood, D. R. W., Marshall, I. Howard, New Bible Dictionary, 3rd edition. Leicester: Inter-Varsity

Press, 1996.

2. Commentaries and books

Allis, Oswalt T. The Unity of Isaiah: A Study in Prophecy (Philadelphia: The Presbyterian and

Reformed Publishing Company, 1950.

Archer, Gleason L. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Updated and revised paperback edition.

Chicago: Moody Bible Institute, 1994.

Archer, Gleason L. Encyclopedia of BIBLE DIFFICULTIES. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing

House, 1982.

Bénétreau, Samuel. L'EPITRE DE PAUL AUX ROMAINS, 2 volumes. Vaux-sur-Seine, France:

ÉDIFAC, Éditions de la Faculté Libre de Théologie Évangélique. 1st vol. 2nd edition 2002,

2nd vol. 1997.

Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology. Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1984.

Blocher, Henri. Christologie. Série FAC ETUDE. 2 volumes. Vaux-sur-Seine, France: Faculté Libre

de Théologie Evangélique, 1986.

Blocher, Henri. La doctrine du péché et de la rédemption. New revised edition. 2 volumes. Vaux-

sur-Seine, France: EDIFAC, Faculté libre de théologie évangélique, 1997.

Davidson, F. et Ralph P. Martin. 'Romans' in New Bible Commentary Revised. London: Inter-Varsity

Press, 1970: pp. 1012-1048.

Godet, F. Commentaire sur l’Épître aux Romains. 2 volumes. Paris: Sandoz & Fischbacher; Geneva:

Desrogis, Neuchâtel: J. Sandoz, 1880.

Godet, F. Commentaire sur la Première Épître aux Corinthiens. 2 volumes. Neuchâtel: Attinger

Frères; Delachaux et Niestlé, 1886-1887.

Guthrie, D., J. A. Motyer, A. M. Stibbs, D. J. Wiseman. The New Bible Commentary Revised.

London: Inter-Varsity Press, 1970.

Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing

House, 1978.

Kleger, Roland. Endzeitliche Wiederherstellung Israels und Auferstehung in der Jesaja-Apokalypse.

Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag, 2008 (This work has been defended in 2001 as doctoral dissertation at the Evangelisch Theologische Faculteit in Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium

under the title Restauratio und Resurrectio in der Jesaja-Apokalypse).

Mueller, J. Théodore. La Doctrine Chrétienne: Manuel de Théologie Doctrinale pour Pasteurs,

Instituteurs et Fidèles. Brussels: Editions des Missions Luthériennes, 1956.

Nicole, J.-M. Précis d’Histoire de l’Eglise. 5th edition. Nogent-sur-Marne, France: Edition de

l’Institut Biblique de Nogent, 1990.


Thiessen, Henry C. Lectures in Systematic Theology. Revised by Vernon D. Doerksen. Grand

Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1979.

Torrey, R. A. CE QUE LA BIBLE ENSEIGNE : Une étude complète des grandes doctrines

bibliques. Translated from American English into French under the auspices of Mission

Evangélique Belge. Miami, FL.: Editions VIDA, 1979.

Walvoord, John F. and Roy B. Zuck. Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures

by Dallas Seminary Faculty. 2 vols. [Wheaton, Illinois]: Victor Books, Scripture Press

Publications, 1983-1985.

Walker, Williston. A History of the Christian Church. 4th edition. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986.

Wolff, Hans Walter. Jesaja 53 im Urchristentum. Reprint of the 4th revised edition. Giessen:

Brunnen-Verlag, 1984.

3. CD-ROM Bible Works 5, Revision 2, 2002.

fpwp];jpay; ,ul;rpg;gpay;

01) a. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; gpwg;gpd; Kd;FwpG vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ? b. ,NaR fpwp];J jkJ khdplgpwg;Gf;F Kd; ,Ue;jhh; vd;gjw;fhd 3 thjq;fs; jUf. 02) a. fpwp];Jtpd; khdplgpwg;G ( )vd;gjd; %yk; ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ ahJ? b. fpwp];Jtpd; khdplgpwg;G mtrpakhdJ vd;gjw;F ghlj;jpy; fw;gpw;f;fg;gl;l ehd;F

tplaq;fis fhuzq;fis Fwpg;gpLf. 03) a. Vhpad; vd miof;fgLk; rig gpur;ridfspy; rk;ge;jgl;lth; ,Uth; ahh;? b. mth;fs; ,UtUk; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ,iwj;jd;ik Fwpj;J Kd; itj;j

fUj;Jf;fs; ahit? 04) ,NaR nka;ahfNt ,iwtd; vd;gjw;fhd jhk; ghlj;jpy; fw;gpj;j ehd;F thjq;fis

Fwpg;gpLf. 05) ,NaR nka;ahfNt kdpjd; vd;gjw;fhd jhk; ghlj;jpy; fw;gpj;j ehd;F thjq;fis

Fwpg;gpLf. 06) a. ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; 3gzpfs; ahit?

b. Nkw;gb xt;nthd;iwGk; Rugf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. 07) ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; kuzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis fhz;gpf;Fk; 4 Mjhuq;fs; jUf. 08) ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; gjpyhs; kuzk;vd;gjid tpsf;fk; nra;f. 09) ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; guNkWjypd; %d;W tpisTfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 10) a. kde;jpUk;Gjy; vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzj;ij jUf. b. kPl;;G vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzj;ij jUf. c. tpRthrk; vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzj;ij jUf.

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