Enjeux de conservation du buffle Syncerus caffer...

Enjeux de conservation du buffle (Syncerus

caffer

brachyceros) au Parc Régional W (Burkina Faso, Bénin, Niger).

Daniel Cornélis

(Cirad

Agirs

&

Cefe)Simon Benhamou

(CNRS Cefe

)

Cédric Gaucherel

(INRA Amap)

Georges Janeau

(INRA Cefs)

Marie‐Noel

de

Visscher

(Cirad

Agirs)

African buffalo : a wide range and an extremely variable morphology

African buffalo : an ideal subject for intra‐specific comparison

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Burkina Faso

Niger

Bénin

Nigeria

GhanaComplexe WAP

Parc transfrontalierParc NationalRéserve totaleRéserve partielleZone de chasseEnclave

100 0 100 Kilometres

African

buffalo

: an emblematic

species

for nature‐based

tourism

in WAP Complex

Study area : W Regional Park (10.000 km2)W Regional

Park : an untamed

ecosystem

in an ocean

of desertification

Buffalo & cattle

herds

distribution in early

wet

season

(Aerial

count, 2003)

Source : Bouché

& al. 2003

Recherche

Gestion du Parc

Augmenter la charge en buffle du Parc pour améliorer la qualité

des prestations touristiques

Objectifs

Mieux comprendre la dynamique spatio‐temporelle de la population de buffles du Parc W

Tracking

GPS (2007 & 2008) ‐> 7 mixed herds

Herds

1 to 7 : scatter

of points

Herds

1 to 7 : annual

home ranges

Movement

data segmentation

Locations of a herd in late dry season (3h GPS fix interval)

Utilisation distribution (UD) estimated with a classical kernel method (LSCV)

Designing a movement‐based kernel density estimator

Taking obvious boundaries into account

Dry season

ranges : space

is

partitioned

according

to surface water access

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

11 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

12 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

13 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

14 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

15 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

16 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

17 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

18 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

19 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

20 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

21 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

22 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

23 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

24 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

25 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

26 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

27 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

28 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

29 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

30 / 04 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

01 / 05 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

02 / 05 /2007

Transition late

dry season

‐> early

wet

season

Herd

5

Herd

6

Herd

7

Utilisation Distribution (UD) overlaps

analysis

shows that

:

1. Space

is

partitioned

according

to watersheds

:

o Herds mainly exploit on one side of their main river.

o Home range is limited to the separation line of the adjacent water basin.

2.All year round, Overlap between herds is very low :

herds tend to exploit exclusive areas

Comparison with WRP buffalo with Southern Africa subspecies :

o Herd sizes are smaller (150 >< 1500 in SE Africa).

o Annual ranges are bigger (170‐620 km2 >< max 290 km2 in SE Africa).

o Herds carry out seasonal short‐distance migrations.

o Adjacent herds tend to exploit exclusive ranges.

Conclusion

In WRP, space use patterns analysis suggests that

spatial and demographic expansions are strongly limited

by resource availability (water, forage) .

Remerciements

Programme Parc Régional W Ecopas (Union Européenne)

Fondation Internationale pour la Sauvegarde de la Faune

Agence Nationale pour la Recherche

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Enjeux de conservation du buffle Syncerus caffer...

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