UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

Semester 2 • 2004–2005

Course Syllabus for

DI2002 — HEBREW 2

Lecturer and Tutor J. TED BLAKLEY

םותשליכני מצולה בלבב ימי Jonah 2:4a

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THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

HEBREW 2 General Information

Module Details Module Code: DI2002 Module Title: Hebrew 2

Credits: 20 Level: 2

Academic Year: 2004–2005 Semester: Sem 2

Pre-requisites: DI1004 — Hebrew 1 Anti-requisites: None Co-requisites: None

Module Co-Ordinator: Dr. James R. Davila; jrd4@st-andrews.ac.uk Lecturer and Tutor: Mr. J. Ted Blakley; jtb1@st-andrews.ac.uk

Teaching: 4 Grammar and Reading sessions; 1 Tutorial Lectures: Mon, Tue, Thur, Fri (3:00 – 4:00 p.m.) Tutorial: Wed (9:00–10:00 a.m.) — Seminary Room 1

Rationale This is an optional module for students taking the M.Theo., B.D., Biblical Studies M.A., or Biblical Studies element of Joint M.A. degrees. It is a compulsory module for students taking joint honours in Hebrew. It aims to build on the Hebrew skills acquired in DI1004 in order to enable the student to approach other parts of the Hebrew Bible with confidence. Completion of the course is necessary if students wish to take honours-level courses with a Hebrew component.

Hebrew 2 — General Information

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Module Description (from the course catalogue) This module aims to extend students’ skills in reading the Hebrew Bible and in the tech-niques of textual criticism and of exegesis. It consists of the reading and studying of a selec-tion of Hebrew biblical texts representative of different literary genres such as prose writing and psalms.

Teaching and Learning Methods The module is composed of four basic grammar and reading sessions and one tutorial. Lec-tures take place on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays from 3:00–4:00 p.m. The tutorials take place on Wednesdays from 9:00–10:00 a.m. and will commence in the Week 1.

Intended Learning Outcomes If you diligently apply yourself in this module, you should . . .

a. Knowledge and Understanding. acquire a basic knowledge of biblical Hebrew grammar and vocabulary, b. Discipline Specific and Intellectual Skill. acquire the ability to read basic biblical Hebrew prose and poetry, c. Transferable (or Key) Skills: Argumentation and Evaluation. learn both to memorize basic data (such as vocabulary and grammar) and to apply

this knowledge by actually reading short passages in Hebrew, and d. Transferable (or Key) Skills: Presentation, Bibliography, etc. learn to demonstrate your knowledge of the language by oral recitation and in writing

through written exercises, weekly quizzes, class tests, and a final exam. More specifically, some of the primary goals of this module are the following.

a. Reading. To be able to read the book of Jonah aloud with relative ease and fluency. Initially, this skill involves the proper pronunciation of words with attention to conso-nants, vowels, syllables, and accents. Increasingly, however, this skill involves the ability to intonate phrases, clauses and sentences. What is expected here is not the ability to read with the speed and fluency of a modern Israeli speaker nor necessarily even to read fast but to read with precision at a moderate pace. Toward this end, in both the classroom and in private study, a portion of class time and of private study will be devoted to a regular habit of listening to Jonah being read aloud in Hebrew and of practicing pronunciation and reading aloud.

b. Vocabulary. To develop an ever-expanding Hebrew vocabulary, aiming to learn all the

words that occur 100× or more in the Hebrew Bible. Vocabulary lists words according to both frequency and cognate and weekly, cummulative vocabulary quizzes will pro-vide a level of accountability that will aid in the achievement of this goal.

c. Grammar. To be able to identify the lexical form, parse and translate (with the aid of

a dictionary) most words in the Hebrew Bible. Much attention will be devoted to un-derstanding the formation of verbs (strong and weak) and nouns (regular and irregu-lar) as well as to the more common syntactical functions, constructions, and idioms of Hebrew grammar. Again, regular grammar quizzes will provide a level of accountabil-ity that will facilitate the achievement of this goal.

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d. Translation. To be able to translate the entire book of Jonah with relative ease and speed, with only occasional reference to a lexicon and/or other resources for help with infrequent or confusing words, forms, and constructions. Students will be ex-pected to prepare in advance translations of Jonah. As time permits, other passages from the Old Testament will be provided for translation.

e. Primary Resources. To become familiar with and so be to use the basic primary re-

sources for biblical Hebrew, namely, the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) includ-ing the masorah and the critical apparatus) and the Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Brown, Driver, and Briggs (BDB).

Assessment Details Formative Assessment. Students will be given numerous opportunites to read aloud Hebrew texts and orally recite various Hebrew paradigms, to prepare written exercises to be re-viewed in class and/or handed in to the instructor, and to prepare translations of passages from the Hebrew Bible. Summative Assessment. 1. Continuous Assessment = 50%. Comprising . . . a. Regular Grammar Quizzes = 10% (Thursdays) b. Regular Vocabulary Quizzes = 10% (Fridays) c. Two Class Exams = 30% (Thursday 24 March; Thursday 5 May) 2. Final Examination (2 hours) = 50% For further details regarding the criteria of assessment see “Appendix 9: Criteria for As-sessment in 1000- and 2000-Level Language Modules” in the School Handbook (p. 53; see also p. 41).

Feedback to Students Students will receive oral feedback from the instructor on oral recitation and translation, and written feedback from the instructor on turned-in written exercises, weekly vocabulary and grammar quizzes, and class exams.

Feedback from Students Feedback from students may be given in a number of ways:

1. A module representative will be appointed, and concerns or queries may be ex-pressed through the representative.

2. A course questionnaire and the report of the class representative to the Student-Staff Consultative Council will be used to evaluate the progress and success of the module.

3. Lectures and tutorials will be fully participatory and students are encouraged to re-quest clarification or explanation in class.

4. Informal feedback from the students during the semester is encouraged and greatly welcomed. In my opinion, this is the most helpful feedback because it provides the possibility that any issues, problems, and needs can be satisfactorily addressed and resolved during the course itself.

Expectations of Students This is a 20-credit module and students are, therefore, expected to complete 200 hours of work for it. Much of this will be spent in private study. Attendance at tutorials is compulsory. Attendance at lectures is not compulsory unless you would like to pass the module.

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Students are reminded that language acquisition is 5% natural ability and 95% perspira-tion. The experience of past students is often that languages may require more work than other modules, but grades are often higher. If you are experiencing difficulties you should in-form the module co-ordinator. For information about what you should do in the events of sickness or absence from lec-tures and tutorials, and for penalties relating to work submitted late, etc. please consult the School Handbook. Copies of the School Handbook are available from the College Office.

Additional Information Special Requirements. Students who have any special requirements relating to e.g. dyslexia or a disability should consult the School Handbook for details of support available to them from the Student Support Services Team. Futher, they should make an appointment with the module instructor to discuss any requirements that are particular to this module.

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HEBREW 2 The Details

Introduction The following section of the syllabus provides more specific details with respect to certain aspects of the module, e.g., the class schedule, basic indicative reading list, etc.

WebCT This course has an accompanying webpage “Hebrew 2 Hub” that provides a wide assort-ment of audio, text, and internet resources designed to facilitate and enhance your acquisi-tion of Hebrew. Most class handouts can be found on these pages as well. “Hebrew 2 Hub” can be accessed via the University’s WebCT either by going to the University’s homepage (www.st-andrews.ac.uk) and choosing “Studying in St. Andrews » WebCT log on” or by typ-ing in the following address https://webct.st-andrews.ac.uk/webct/public/home.pl into your browser (Once you reach the WebCT log in screen, you can set up a bookmark in your browser for easier access in the future). A great deal of time and effort has been put into these pages and resources with the ex-pectation that they will be accessed frequently and form a regular part of the student’s study and preparations. Therefore, any feedback (verbal or via email) regarding these pages and resources is greatly appreciated.

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CLASS SCHEDULE The following schedule is tentative and is subject to modification throughout the semester. It’s primary purpose is to give a feel for our weekly habit of learning and instruction.

Weekly Habit Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday

Class Introduce New Vocab

Lecture Review Homework

Lecture Grammar Quiz :15 Review Homework

Lecture

Vocabulay Quiz :15 Translation

End of Class • Return Vocab Quiz • Details regarding up-

coming Grammar Quiz • Return Grammar

Quiz for review • Assign Homework • Assign Homework • Homework —

Friday’s Translation • Homework —

Start in on next week’s vocabulary.

Class Schedule — Overview Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday Tutorial February

1. 7–11 Course Introduction

Review Hebrew 1 Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Intro Jonah Language Acquisition

2. 14–18 Review Hebrew 1

Review Hebrew 1 Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Jonah 1 BDB

3. 21–25 Introduction to Derived Stems Niphal Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Jonah 1 BDB

March

4. 28–4 Piel, Pual, Hithpael

Piel, Pual, Hithpael Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Jonah 2 BHS

5. 7–11 Hiphil, Hophal Hiphil, Hophal Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz Jonah 2 BHS

6. 14–18 Consolidation of Derived Stems

Consolidation of Derived Stems Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Jonah 3 Text Criticism

7. 21–25 Pron. Suffixes on Verbs

Pron. Suffixes on Verbs Class Exam 1 Vocab Quiz

Jonah 4 Text Criticism

SPRING BREAK (28 March – 8 April) April

8. 11–15 Introduction to Weak Verbs Weak Verbs Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Translation Commentaries & Translations

9. 18–22 Weak Verbs Weak Verbs Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz Translation

Commentaries & Translations

10. 25–29 Weak Verbs Consolidation of Weak Verbs Grammar Quiz Vocab Quiz

Translation Open

May 11. 2–6 Open Open Class Exam 2 Open Open

REVISION WEEK (9–13 May) EXAMINATIONS (16–25 May)

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VOCABULARY Introduction As stated above one of the intended learning outcomes is “to develop an ever-expanding Hebrew vocabulary, aiming to learn all the words that occur 100 × or more in the Hebrew Bi-ble. Vocabulary lists words according to both frequency and cognate and weekly, cummulative vocabulary quizzes will provide a level of accountability that will aid in the achievement of this goal.”

Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary by George M. Landes The vocabulary lists are derived from a very useful book by George M. Landes entitled Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary: Learning Words by Frequency and Cognate. One of the many strengths of this resource is how vocabulary lists are organized not only by fre-quency but also by cognate, that is, words are grouped according to their word families. So, in the sample below, you will see that along with the verbal root מלך there are five other words (in this case, they all happen to be nouns) that are derived from this same root. Students will only be responsible for the verbal root and cognates that occur over 100 × (in this case, a and c), but they are encouraged to become familiar with the other cognates as well. Aquiring vocabu-lary in this way by paying attention to cognates has the potential of expanding one’s vocabu-lary exponentially.

Vocabulary Quizzes 1 and 2 are comprised mostly of words that occur 500 x or more and any cognates that occur 100 × or more. Most of these words students would have learned in Hebrew 1. The instructure will provide students with the vocabulary lists for the first two weeks. Beginning in the third week, however, students will be responsible for consulting the desig-nated lists in Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary (see the vocabulary schedule on the following page in order to determine the words that will be required for each week). Cumulative Vocabulary Quizzes Note that the vocabulary quizzes are cummulative, that is, each quiz will include words from the present week’s vocabulary lists plus any words from previous weeks’ lists. For example, Vocabulary Quiz 3 will include words from the vocabulary lists for weeks 1, 2, and 3.

Irregular Nouns Each week, in addition to vocabulary from Landes, students will be responsible for memoriz-ing an irregular noun. On the weekly vocabulary quiz students will be given the MSA or FSA form of the word and will be asked for the remaining Hebrew forms and a translation for each form. The Vocabulary Schedule below identifies the word for the week. A handout on Irregu-lar Nouns will list these nouns in their various forms.

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Vocabulary Schedule The schedule below identifies the vocabulary lists from Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vo-cabulary as well as the irregular noun students will be responsible for on a given week. There are two copies of Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary on short loan, one in the Univer-sity Library and one in the South Street Library. Again note that only the first two weeks lists will be provided. Beginning in the third week, students will be responsible for consulting Landes on their own.

Week Number of Words

Vocabulary Lists (from Landes)

Irregular Noun

Date of Vocab Quiz

Feb 05 11 איש 53 ,4–1 53 1

Feb 05 18 אשה 74–72 51 2

Feb 05 25 אב 7–5 38 3

March 05 04 אח 10–8 34 4

March 05 11 בן 12–11 27 5

March 05 18 בת 14–13 26 6

March 05 25 יתב 55–54 ,15 31 7

April 05 15 יום 57–56 20 8

April 05 22 ים 76–75 29 9

April 05 29 עיר 78–77 30 10

339 words

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BASIC INDICATIVE READING LIST

Required Resources The following three books are required books that are to be purchased and brought to each class and tutorial.

Practico, Gary D., and Miles V. Van Pelt. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2001. Basics.

Practico, Gary D., and Miles V. Van Pelt. Basics of

Biblical Hebrew Workbook. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2001. BasicsWB.

Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles Briggs, A. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906. Repr., The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Pea-body, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1996. BDB.

Additional Basic Resources The following list contains more basic resources that will be referred to and/or used through-out the module. Items with an * are those that will be used more frequently; those with an × are recommended for use or purchase though not at present available through the University library. Many of these books are on short loan at the South Street Library, a few at the Uni-versity Library.

Vocabulary Building

*Landes, George M. Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary: Learning Words by Fre-quency and Cognate. Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study 41. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001. (A revised edition of his 1961 work.)

×Landes, George M. A Student’s Vocabulary of Biblical Hebrew: Listed according to Fre-quency and Cognate. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1961.

Mitchel, Larry A. A Student’s Vocabulary for Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1984.

×Pennington, Jonathan T. Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary. 2 Audio CDs. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2003.

×Van Pelt, Miles V., and Gary D. Practico. The Vocabulary Guide to Biblical Hebrew. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2003.

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Grammar and Syntax

Introductory Grammars

*Davidson, A. B. An Introductory Hebrew Grammar with Progressive Exercises in Reading, Writing and Pointing. 26th ed. Revised by John Mauchline. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1966. (Is accompanied by a very helpful key to the exercises that contains explanatory gram-matical notes. See Mauchline below).

Kelley, Page H. Biblical Hebrew: An Introductory Grammar. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1992.

Kelley, Page H., Terry L. Burden, and Timothy G. Crawford. A Handbook to Biblical Hebrew: An Introductory Grammar. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994.

Martin, James D. Davidson’s Introductory Hebrew Grammar. 27th ed. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993.

*Mauchline, John. Key to the Exercises in the 25th and 26th editions of The Late Professor A. B. Davidson’s Introductory Hebrew Grammar with Explanatory Notes. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1967.

*×Practico, Gary D., and Miles V. Van Pelt. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar. Grand Rap-ids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2001. Basics.

*×Practico, Gary D., and Miles V. Van Pelt. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Workbook. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2001. BasicsWB.

*×Seow, C. L. A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew. Rev. ed. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon, 1995.

Weingreen, J. A Practical Grammar for Classical Hebrew. 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.

Reference Grammars and Syntax

Arnold, Bill T., and John H. Choi. A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Davidson, A. B. Hebrew Syntax. 3d ed. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1902.

Gibson, J. C. L. Davidson’s Introductory Hebrew Grammar: Syntax. 4th ed. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1994.

Kautsch, Emil Friedrich. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. 2d ed. Translated by Arthur Ernest Cowley. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910.

van der Merwe, Christo H. J., Jackie A. Naudé, and Jan H. Kroeze. A Biblical Hebrew Refer-ence Grammar. Biblical Languages: Hebrew 3. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999.

*Waltke, Bruce K., and M. O’Conner. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990.

Williams, Ronald J. Hebrew Syntax: An Outline. 2d ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976.

Other

Long, Gary A. Grammatical Concepts 101 for Biblical Hebrew: Learning Biblical Hebrew Grammatical Concepts through English Grammar. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2002.

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Lexicons

*Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles Briggs, A. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906. BDB.

Holladay, William L. A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1971.

Köhler, Ludwig H., and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Tes-tament. Translated by M. E. J. Richardson. 6 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000. HALOT.

Analytical Lexicons

×Einspahr, Bruce. Index to Brown, Driver, and Briggs Hebrew Lexicon. Chicago: Moody Press, 1976.

Owens, John Joseph. Analytical Key to the Old Testament. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1989.

Primary Texts and Related Resources

Dotan, Aron, ed. Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia: Prepared according to the Vocalization, Accents, and Masora of Aaron ben Moses ben Asher in the Leningrad Codex. Pea-body, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2001. BHL.

*Elliger, Karl, and Wilhelm Rudolph, eds. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1967-77. BHS

×Kelley, Page H., Daniel S. Mynatt, and Timothy G. Crawford. The Masorah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998.

*×Scott, William R. A Simplified Guide to BHS: Critical Apparatus, Masora, Accents, Unusual Letters and Other Markings. 3d ed. N. Richland Hills, Tex.: BIBAL Press, 1987.

*Wonneberger, Reinard. Understanding BHS: A Manual for the Users of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Translated by Dwight R. Daniels. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1984.

Textual Criticism

*Würthwein, Ernst. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica. 2d ed. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1995.

Commentaries and Other Secondary Literature on the Book of Jonah

*Baldwin, Joyce. “Jonah.” Pages 543-90 in The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and Exposi-tory Commentary. Edited by Thomas Edward McComiskey. 3 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1993. (Located in the SSL file cabinets).

Bolin, Thomas M. Freedom beyond Forgiveness: the Book of Jonah Re-examined. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series 236. Sheffield: Sheffield Aca-demic Press, 1997.

Gaines, Janet Howe. Forgiveness in a Wounded World: Jonah’s Dilemma. Studies in Biblical Literature 5. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003.

*Limburg, James. Jonah: A Commentary. Old Testament Library. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1993.

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Magonet, Jonathan. Form and Meaning: Studies in Literary Techniques in the Book of Jo-nah. Bible and Literature Series 8. Sheffield: Almond, 1983.

Person, Raymond F. In Conversation with Jonah: Conversation Analysis, Literary Criticism, and the Book of Jonah. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Se-ries 220. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.

Salters, R. B. Jonah and Lamentations. Old Testament Guides. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994.

*Sasson, Jack M. Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpreta-tions. Anchor Bible 24B. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

Sherwood, Yvonne. A Biblical Text and Its Afterlives: The Survival of Jonah in Western Cul-ture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Wolff, Hans Walter. Obadiah and Jonah: A Commentary. Translated by Margaret Kohl. Min-neapolis, Minn.: Augsburg, 1986.