Comparaison Normes

7/24/2019 Comparaison Normes

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Comparison of Test Standardsaccording to ISO, DIN, ASTM, JIS and BS

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Contents

UL flame test

Foreword 4Testing of the thermosetting moulding compounds and moulding materials 4Practice-relevant characteristic values, testing - Material - Data base (Campus) 4Dimensioning and service properties 5Simple tests and their informative quality 5Summary 5

Diagram The designer and his tasks 6

Diagrams of Testing, selection of materials 7

Standardised moulding materials Survey 8-9

Preparation of test specimens 10

Injection moulding according to ISO 3167 Typ A 10Multipurpose test specimens ISO 10 724 Definitions 11Injection moulding shapes of test specimen 12Injection moulding shapes of test specimen (tensile test bars) 13

Compression moulding according to ISO 295 procedure B 14Compression moulding according to ISO 295 Definitions 15Moulding conditions Compression moulding according to ISO 295 16Test specimens moulds for compression moulding 17

Comparison of tests 18

Density Apparent density 18Moulding shrinkage and Post shrinkage 19Tensile strength, tables, graphics 20-21Elongation 22Tensile modulus of elasticity (tangent or secant) 23Flexural strength, graphics 24-25Tensile modulus of elasticity (tangent or secant) 26Compressive strength ISO 27Compressive modulus of elasticity 28Impact strength (unnotched and notched) according to Charpy or Izod 29Ball indentation hardness or Rockwell hardness 30Comparison of hardness tests / Diagrams 31Shore hardnessDwith durometer / Diagrams 32-33Temperature of deflection under load 34Heat deformation temperature according to Vicat 35Heat deformation temperature according to Martens 36Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 37Thermal conductivity 38-39Maximum service temperature


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Problems and tasks

Before dealing with tests one must first identifytheir problems and tasks. Without making anyappraisal, the test serves to assure a uniform quality, to make a selection for the economic use of

materials, to reduce the costs, or correct dimensioning and design of a product.

Testing technology

Now what has happened in the field of testingtechnology?

The first two criteria determination of the properties of the raw

materials, semi-finished products, finishedproducts and

supervision of the uniform quality of theseproducts

are without doubt achieved with few auxiliarymeans (flexural strength, impact strength, notchedbar impact strength, HDT etc.).

Hence the designer could proceed according to acertain rough pattern (Figure 1). However, this isonly possible if characteristic values with whichhe can do so are made available to him. The testingtechnology is intended to provide help for this.If we restrict ourselves to thermosettingcompounds, we find that the technical testingequipment is different; the necessary minimum issubject to supervision.

When following the arrows in the diagram(Figure 2), it strikes immediately that the specialattention is focused on the moulding compound.

Typifying and supervisionWhen the usual standard tests, e.g. the minimumrequirements specified in the standards, areconsidered, it can be seen that these serve in thefirst place to typify and supervise thermosettingmoulding compounds. A designer certainly needsmore than this numercical overview.

The standard types, e.g. of DIN 7708 Parts 2, 9,10, 11 (draft) which are the basis of manydiscussions are given much too little consideration.(s. folder 8+9)

Informative quality of standard tests

Can the standard tests provide a comprehensivepicture of the compound?

They are certainly sufficient where physically clearlydefined properties like density, specific heat etc.,which are independent of the test procedure, areinvolved but they are insufficient for characteristicvalues required for design purposes. Here it isabsolutely necessary to search for test procedureswhich lead to a good correlation of the results to

the practice. It is of no importance how the uniformquality of the thermo-setting moulding compoundsis tested.

Compounds are rejected as inadequate oftenenough because one property value does notfulfill the requirements although this value is ofno informative value for the particular application.

Other prerequisites

Many authors mentioned from which parametersthe property values are dependent.

Extensive investigations performed during injectionmoulding of thermosetting moulding compounds

demonstrate the problems. However, everythingis done with a view to the minimum requirementsof DIN 7708/T2 (ISO/CD 14526-3 etc.) determinedwith standard tests.

It is not clear though whether other prerequisiteshave always been fulfilled. Knowledge and evaluation of the testing

equipment and the charactistic valuesdetermined therewith,

Establishing evaluation criteria based onexperience and

Comparison of properties also with those of thematerials which were determined under the sameconditions and for the same geometries.

Automatic testing devices

A lot has happened in the field of testing technologyduring the last few years.

Thus there are sufficient references for instanceto automatic testing devices and rational qualitycontrols. These can be computer-aided.It is obvious that closer tolerances, reduction of the number of random tests, higher reliability and accuracy of the values, comparability of the valuesrequire higher capital investment. However, if thetesting technology is to be in accordance withgood economics a high degree of utilisation is

necessary. A wealth of experience from past yearsis not available to everybody.

Practice-relevant characteristic values,testing - Material - Data base(CAMPUS)

The question must be asked whether the imageof properties developed decades ago is stilladequate in the present time. It is not possibleeither to give a general instruction on how andwhich practice-relveant data should be determined.However, a little schematic could help to makethese decisions (Figure 3). A close look at it wouldalso reveal the direct relation to what is known asthe data block system for standardising andreducing tests and test specimens and tointernational standardisation.

The plastic data base CAMPUS is a practicalsupplement for the standardisation andrationalisation of plastic tests. On an internationalbasis, it is the most successful and most widelyused data base for plastic properties.

ForewordTesting of the thermosetting moulding compoundsand moulding materials

Mould

ing

comp

ound

s/Resin

DIN

ISO/CD

Epoxy 12252-3

Melamine-formaldehyde 7708/T9 14528-3

Melamine-phenolic 7708/T10 14529-3

Phenolic 7708/T2 14526-3

UnsaturatedPolyester 7708/T11 14530-3

Bakelite-Data base CAMPUS world-wide

Table A

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Comparability, reproducibility

When considering a few selected tests on a typeof moulding compound with due regard to theimpact strength and notch impact tests, apparentlyhaphazardly scattered results are found as afunction of thickness.

In view of the practical performance, a criticalevaluation of the test and its results is thereforerequired, with the moulding in the centre. Hence

the following is applicable to thermosettingcompounds:1.) In the case of fractures of thermosetting

compounds we have to deal chieflywith brittle fractures so that these can be themost dangerous failures resultingin considerable damage and consequentialdamage.

2.) Long-term behaviour and service temperatureare subject to general rules whichare derived according to in the single-pointmethod or from limiting temperaturemesurements on test specimens and hencecan only be empirical values.

The reproducibility of the values obtained in thetests is a function of the compounds and theprocessing parameters. It would be easiest if thelong-time performance the design of mouldingswith the respective service properties could beinferred from short-time tests without additionaloutlay.

Dimensioning and service properties

For the time being, let us keep to the subject ofthe characteristic values which, after all, are decisivefor the realisation of a moulding with appropriateservice properties.

The properties are a function of the molding material, the processing (technology), the specimen geometry and the method of test ing.

The manufacturer of the moulding compound isreponsible for the moulding compound and forissuing guidelines for the processing thereof.

The Specimen geometry and testing method(except for in-house pratices) are defined in thestandards, which also permits verification of thereproducibility. Statistic methods help to get onwhere sufficient values are available.

In the testing technology, the following has beendefined many years ago:1.) Typification of moulding compound supervision2.) Preparation and geometry of test specimens

(compression moulding, standard specimen bar)

3.)Testing method (flexural, impact strength,notched impact strength, the old Martens andthe new HDT method)

When examining some examples which go beyondthe minimum requirements, it strikes immediatelythat the properties vary more or less with thethickness. Are these perceptions not sufficientfor the technician or designer?

Evidently not because there is still a very great

number of properties which depend on differentparameters.

The dependency of one property on cure time,temperature and, for instance the notch depthillustrates the wealth of information which can beobtained with standardised test specimens andtests. However, the reservation must be made thatthe values of one compound can only be comparedwith those of other compoundss if such valuesare established under the same conditions(including test specimen geometry). The changefrom DIN to ISO ensures comparability ofthermoplastic and thermosetting compounds,provided that specimen geometry and specimen

preparation are identical. The plastic data baseCAMPUS certainly is a practical and helpfulsupplement.

Simple tests and theirinformative quality

When considering some other types ofthermosetting compound, the same is evidentlyapplicable. Starting from the characteristic valuesobtained on 4 mm thick mulipurpose test specimen(= minimum requirements of e.g. 7708/T2 adv.ISO/CD 14526-3 etc.), it is possible to give someinformation and identify some interrelationships.The impact notch test according to Charpyserves

to evaluate the impact strength behaviour ofnotched and unnotched test specimen with three-point bearing under sudden stress. For the notchedbar impact test, the test specimen is provided witha V-notch.

As a result of the notch, a concentration of stressand an inrease of the crack propagation velocityis achieved at the bottom of the notch. In this wayit is possible to obtain a fracture in tough plasticseven if these do not break when using unnotchedspecimen. It must be noted that the marginal zoneof the test specimen is severed by the machiningof the notch in the side zone of the specimensubjected to tension.

The fracture work required for the destruction ofthe specimens of the sizes specially prepared isdetermined with a pendulum impact testingmachine in which gravity acts as driving power.

The test specimen is supported on two abutmentsand is suddenly stressed in the middle by thependulum hammer. This set-up is termed Charpyarrangement. The impact work Arequired for thedestruction of the test specimen results from thedifference between the height of fall and the heightof rise (after destruction of the specimens) andthe weight Gof the pendulum hammer.

If impact strength and notched bar impact strengthare identical or almost identical, the compounds

are insensitive to impact.

It is a well known fact that the property values canbe varied significantly by adding suitable fillersand reinforcing ingredients.

If information is given on the basis of conclusionsfrom results obtained a long time ago there maybe a nasty awakening. It is necessary that practice-relevant characteristic values are furnished andused for further searching for suitable testingmethods or that such values are applied.

Summary

The designer needs the characteristic data ofcompounds for designing and shaping a product.These data are to be determined with suitabletesting methods on comparable test specimen.

The Minimum requirements on mouldingcompounds or test specimens made thereof permitonly in part conconclusions to be drawn on theperformance of the mouldings. New and practice-relevant test procedures require investments.New fields of application cannot be opened upwith old, no longer comparable characteristicvalues. Standardisation and rationalisation havebeen achieved by the worldwide propagation ofCAMPUS. The break-through on an international

level has been achieved with CAMPUS 4. The newdata catalogue is based on ISO 10350. For thedesigner, the target-oriented selection of themoulding compounds has become significantlyeasier, more reliable and faster.

Various test specimens

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Figure 1

DesignerDevelopment and design of a moulding

Requirement Properties

Material

ExperienceTesting

short-time, long-time etc.

Shape and dimension

Moulding

Consumer

Quality supervision

DiagrammThe designer and his tasks

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Diagrams of Testing and selection of materials

Selection of materials

Testing

Method

Informa

tion

Identification Chemical analysis Type, environmental compatibility, application

Processing Flow curing, pourability Machine parameter, surface

Short-time mechanically, thermally, electrically Strength, field of application, dimension

Long-time Tracking modulus, alternating stress Calculation, safety, dimension

Resistance Chemicals, weather, temperature Compatibility, application, ageing

Supplement Friction Special requirement (wear)

Testing

Production Development

Moulding

Characteristic values of test specimen Characteristic values of moulding

Standard test Service value test

Practice-relevant characteristic values

Data sheets

Data base - CAMPUS 4

Processor / Consumer

Moulding compound

Figure 2

Figure 3

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Preparation of test specimens Multipurpose test specimens according to ISO 10724

Preparation of test specimens of thermosetting moulding compoundsby injection moulding according to ISO 3167 type A

Distinction is made between two procedures forpreparing test specimens:

Procedure A:Injection moulding of test specimensProcedure B:Compression moulding of test specimens

The selection of the process is determined by the identification of the moulding compounds or the information given by the manufacturer.

Injection moulding compounds shall be processedby injection moulding and compression mouldingcompounds by compression moulding.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicablestandards, the compounds shall be processed inthe condition in which they are supplied.If pretreatment is required such treatment shallbe carried out in accordance with themanufacturers instructions (e.g. predrying,preheating, preforming or preplastification).Pending processing, the moulding compound shall

be stored as specified by the manufacturer.

The conditions of manufacture shall be statedtogether with the properties.

Injection moulding (procedure A)

The moulding compound shall be injection-moulded into multipurpose test specimens typeA-ISO 3167. During the process, the followingranges shall be adhered to:

Mould cavity temperature, front flow velocity and

compound temperature may be freely selectedwithin these ranges, provided that the sameprocessing conditions are applied to all testspecimens prepared from the moulding compoundto be tested and that they are stated together withthe test result.

Hold pressure

The hold pressure shall be kept constant duringthe entire hold phase.

Transition from injection pressure to hold pressureshall be performed in such a way that what isknown as pressure peak is avoided and the injectionphase blends smoothly into the hold phase (toavoid filling the mould cavity via the hold pressure).

The progression of the pressure inside the mouldshould be recorded in accordance with therecommendations given in ISO 10 724.

Hold time

The hold time shall be so selected that the pressurewithin the mould does not suddenly decrease whenthe hold pressure is switched off.

Cure time

The cure time may be freely selected as a functionof the curing behaviour of the moulding compoundto be tested, provided that the same cure time isapplied to all test specimens prepared from themoulding compound to be tested and that it isstated together with the test result.

The selected cure time shall ensure thathomogeneous and preferably complete curing isachieved. (The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) procedure may be utilised as a procedurein support for evaluating the curing).

Injection moulding

(procedure A)

Moulding compounds

Processing conditions(injection mouldingprocedure A)

MF MPF

PF UF UP EP

Mould cavitytemperature C

Front flow velocitymm s-1

Compound

temperature C

160 to 170 160 to 170 165 to 175 140 to 150 160 to 180 170 to 190

50 to 150 50 to 150 50 to 150 50 to 150 50 to 150 100 to 200

105 to 115 105 to 115 110 to 120 100 to 110100 to 110

80 to 100

Table 1 Moulding compounds

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Definitions

1. Mould-surface temperature

The average temperature of the mould-cavitysurface, measured at several points on each halfof the mould cavity after the system has attainedthermal equilibrium and immediately after opening

the mould.

2. Temperature of the plasticizedcompound

The temperature of the plasticized compound asmeasured in a free shot.

3. Injection pressure

The maximum pressure applied to the compoundin front of the screw during the injection time.

4. Hold pressure

The pressure applied to the compound in front ofthe screw during the hold time.

5. Moulding cycle

The complete sequence of operations in themoulding processs always required for theproduction of one test specimen.A moulding cycle consists of the following timeintervals:5.1 Injection time:The time interval from the

beginning of the screw fowardmovement until the mould cavity is filled

5.2 Hold time, dwell time:The time intervalfrom the time the mould cavity is filled

until the screw begins to move back.5.3 Cure time:The time interval from the end

of the injection until the mould startsto open.

5.4 Mould open time:The time intervalbeginning at the instant the mould startsto open, including the removal of themoulding, until the mould is closed again.

6. Injection speed

The rate of forward travel, in millimeters persecond, of the plasticizing screw during theinjection stroke. This parameter may be variedto control the melt velocity.

7. Melt velocity

The velocity of the flow front of the plasticisedcompound in the 4 x 10 mm central cross-sectionalarea of the mould cavity.

=

is the melt velocity, in millimeters per secondis the screw diameter, in millimetersis the injection speed, in millimeters per secondis the number of mould cavitiesis the cross-sectional area, in square millimeters, of the centre of the test specimen

vf

vfdvsnS

Figure 1 ISO-injection mould for multipupose test

specimens according to ISO 3167 type A

Multipurpose test specimens ISO 10724

Preparation of test specimens of thermosettingmoulding compounds by injection moulding according to ISO 3167 type A

prefarably B2

P = pressure transmitters (optional)

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Multipurpose plate60 x 60 x 2 or 1 mm

ShrinkagePenetration test

(*) Water / moisture absorptioncolour / surface aspeet

(*) Electrical testing

weathering / ageinganisotropy tests (e.g. flexural test)

Multipurpose test specimen according to ISO 3167,injection moulded: type Amachined: type B

* Tensile test

* Tensile modulus* Tensile creep modulus* Comparative tracking index* Vicat, HDT

Test bar 80 x 10 x 4 mm(Injection moulded or machinedfrom the multipurpose test specimen type A)

* Impact strength

* Notched bar impact strength* Tensile impact strength* Vicat, HDT* Flammability by oxygen index

Test bar type AISO 82563 mm thick

Enviromental testing(heat ageing, weathering,chemical resistance)

4 mm thick

Injection moulding shapes of test specimen

Test specimen basic shapes

old new

DIN 53470 Ribbed plate for standard bars ISO 3167 Multipurpose test specimen type A

DIN 53470 Standard plate DIN 53470 Standard plate

Injection moulding

according to ISO 3167 type A

Test specimen oldnew

Test specimen acoording to ISO 10350 (single-point data) and

ISO 11403 (multi-point data) (*:implemented in CAMPUS)

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Injection moulding shapes of test specimen(tensile test bars)

Test of tensile strength according to DIN 53455 /EN 61

Test of tensile strength according to JIS K 6911

Test of tensile strength according to BS-302A

Test of tensile strength according to ASTM D 638

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 5a

Test specimen dimensions for thickness T (mm)

W - Width of narrow cross section

L - Length of narrow cross section

WO - Overall width

LO - Overall length

G - Gauge length c

G - Gauge length

D - Distance between clampsR - Rounding-off radius

RO - External radius

13

57

19

165

50

11576

Type I Type II Type III Type IV

more than 7including 14

4 or less7 or lessTolerance

Test specimen geometry

(see drawing)

19

57

29

246

50

11576

6

33

19

115

25

6414

25

0,5

0,5

6

no max

0,25

0,13

51

1

Table 2

6

57

19

183

50

13576

Radius up

to 9,5

Gauge length Gauge length

Parallel

Minimum radius 76 mm

Rad. up to 9,5

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Preparation of test specimensof thermosetting compounds by compression mouldingaccording to ISO 295 procedure B

Compression moulding (procedure B)

Multipurpose test specimens type A-ISO 3167 aswell as compression moulded plates shall beprepared from the moulding compound in cavitymoulds with loading chamber.

It is also possible to prepare the required testspecimens from the compression moulded platesby milling in due compliance with ISO 2818. Inthis process, it must be ensured that the cut facesare free from burrs and grooves.

The test specimens shall be prepared accordingto ISO 295 from the moulding compound in the

condition as delivered or after pretreatment, e.g.precompressing (preforming) or preplastification.If pretreatment is applied, it shall be the same forall similar test specimens prepared from themoulding compound to be tested and shall beindicated together with the test results.

The following conditions shall be complied withduring compression moulding:

The Mould cavity temperature and the mouldingpressure may be freely selected within theseranges, provided that the same processingconditions are applied to all specimens preparedfrom the moulding compound to be tested andthat they are stated together with the test result.

Cure time

The cure time may be freely selected as a functionof the cure behaviour of the moulding compoundto be tested, provided that the same cure time is

applied to all test specimens prepared from themoulding compound to be tested and that it isindicated together with the test result.

The selected cure time shall ensure that the curingachieved is homogeneous and as complete aspossible.

Test specimen compression NewOld

Table 3 Moulding conditions

14

Conditions

Fine

Pretreatment:Drying

Type of moulding material

Aminoplastics

Coars

e

Phenolics (PF)

Urea-

for

malde

hyde(UF

)

Melam

inepurp

ose

Ge

neral

purpos

e(MP

F)

Melam

inepurp

ose

for

food

contac

t(MF

)

Epoxide

s(EP)

Unsatur

ated

polye

sters

(UP)

Permissible if specimens are toundergo electric tests

Notrecommended

Notrecommended

Preforming Permissible Permissible Permissible Permissible Permissible Permissible

High-frequencypreheating

Permissible to reduce curing time but modifies material properties

Preplastification Permissible Permissible Permissible Permissible Not recommended Not recommended

Breathing Permissible Permissible Permissible Permissible Not nessessary Not recommended

Moulding:Temperature (C)

Pressure (MPa)

Cure time (s)

Mould:

Surface finish

Chrome plating

165 3 150 3 150 3 150 3 150 to 180 130 to 170

25 to 40 40 to 60 20 to 40 20 to 40 20 to 40 20 to 30 6 to 30

20 to 60 per mm thickness 20 to 60 per mm thickness 20 to 60 per mm thickness

RaH

0,4 m to 0,8 m RaH

0,4 m to 0,8 m RaH

0,4 m to 0,8 m

Preferable Preferable Preferable Preferable Required Required

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Structure of filler


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5. Compression-moulding press

It is capable of ensuring that the specified pressureis applied and maintained during the whole of thecuring time. The press may be hand-operated orprogrammed.

It is preferable to use a ress having two closing

speeds:- a fast approach speed (for example 200 mm/s

to 400 mm/s) to avoid precure of the compoundbefore closing;

- a slow closing speed (for example 5 mm/s) toprevent air or gases from beingentrapped.

NOTE:The oil pressure p0, in megapascals, to be

applied to obtain the specified pressure p, inmegapascals, is given by the equation:

6. Preforming

If the volume of the moulding compound is toogreat for the capacity of the loading chamber ofa conventional mould, the compound may bepreformed; the conditions for such preformingshall be stated in the moulding report.

1. Deviations of temperaturein position

Deviations of temperature existing simultaneouslybetween various points inside the mould after thetemperature ajustment device has been set at agiven temperature and after a permanent thermal

equilibrium has been reached.

2. Deviations of temperature in time

Deviations of temperature that may occur at asingle given point on the inside of the mould atvarious times after the temperature adjustmentdevice has been set at a given temperature andafter a permanent thermal equilibrium has beenreached.

Preparation of test specimensof thermosetting compounds by compression mouldingaccording to ISO 295 procedure B

3. Heating device

The heating device is capable of heating the mouldso that the moulding temperature remains constantand uniform over all parts of the mould within thespecified tolerances.

The mould may be heated either through the platen

or by means of a built-in device (for example,circulating fluid or electric heating elements).In the latter case, the mould shall be insulatedfrom the press platen with a sheet of insulatingmaterial. For practical reasons, it is generallypreferable to heat the mould electrically.

4. Mould temperatureadjustment device

It is capable of ensuring that the optimum requiredtemperature is maintained constant over the mouldwith a permissible deviation of 3 C, i.e. themould temperature shall not vary with time andposition by more than 3 C (see 1. and 2.).

px A1

Ap

0=

Compressing mouldingprocedure B

Moulding compounds

Processing conditions(compression mouldingprocedure B)

MF MPF

PF UF UP EP

Mould cavitytemperature C

Moulding pressurein bar

Moulding pressurein MPa

160 to 170 160 to 170 165 to 175 140 to 150 155 to 175 165 to 175

200 to 300 200 to 300 250 to 350 200 to 300 100 to 200 250 to 350

20 to 30 20 to 30 25 to 35 20 to 30 10 to 20 25 to 35

Definitions

Table 4 Moulding conditions

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Moulding conditions Compression mouldingaccording to ISO 295

Table 5 - Information to be included in the moulding report

Test specimens flexural strength, inpact strength, notched impact strength

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1.General

Unless special conditions are specified, themoulding conditions given in table 4 shall be used.

2.Drying

The Phenolics and aminoplastics may be driedprior to electrical tests. For drying, the compoundshall be spread out in a thin layer and heated inaccordance with the following temperature andtime schedules:

Phenolics: 30 min at 90 C + 3 C,or 15 min at 105 C + 3 C;

Aminoplastics 60 min at 90 C + 3 C.

The compound shall be moulded immediately uponremoval from the furnace.

3.High-frequency preheating

High-frequency preheating is permissible in thecase of phenolics and aminoplastics and pelletizedor granular polyesters. It permits a reduction incuring time. The preheated compound shall bemoulded immediately after preheating.

4.PreplastificationPreplastification is permissible in the case ofphenolics and aminoplastics. It ensures thermaland mechanical homogenization of the compound.The preplasticized compound shall be mouldedimmediately after preplastification.For the conditions for the preplastification, anagreement shall be made between the interestedparties and the conditions shall be stated in themoulding report.

Granules

Powder

Fine powder

Other

Comp

ressio

n

mo

ulding

Mould

Dryin

g

Prefo

rming

High-frequency

preheatin

g

Preplas

tificatio

n

Without

Time

Temperature

Cylinder temperature

Dynamic pressure

Screw speed

Temperature of

compound

Temperature

Temperaturemeasuring device

Pressure

Cure time

Breathing

Type

Number of cavities

Chrome plated

Heating device

Physica

lform

of

mater

ial

Pretreatment

Preheater power

Time

Amperage

Number of preformsTemperature ofpreforms

5. Release agents

Release agents, i.e. products designed to facilitatethe release of the moulding from the mould, maybe used only if it has been proved that they haveno influence on the moulded specimen properties.This requirement applies in particular when thespecimens are to be tested for electrical properties,spectroscopic analysis or adverse taste and colour.

6.Breathing

If it is necessary to open the mould for the purposeof breathing, this shall be noted in the mouldingreport.

Pressure

Temperature

Weight of preform

Size of preform


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Test specimen moulds for compression moulding

Preparation of test specimensold new

Compression moulding according to DIN 53470 Compression moulding according toISO 295

Injection moulding according to ISO 10724

Test specimens - derived forms

old new

blackened areas =machined areas

Compression moulding according to ISO 295 procedure B

Standardplate

Ribbed plate

ISO injection mould for multipurpose testspecimens according to ISO 3167, type A

Multipurpose testspecimen

Standard plate

Test specimen general

Test specimen compression

JacketUpper ram

Moulding (standard plate)

Moulding insert

Lower ram

Jacket

Upper ram

Moulding (ribbed plate)

Moulding insert

Lower ram

5

0

50

JacketUpper ram

Moulding (standard plate)

Moulding insert

Lower ram

5

0

Sampling planfor type tests according to DIN 7708 on test specimens

of compression-moulded standard plate new ISO 295 procedure B

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Density (g/cm3) Apparent density (g/cm3)

Test characteristic Test standard

* JIS = Japanese Industrial Standard; Testing Methods for Thermosetting Plastics;JIS K 6911-1979 translated and published by Japanese Standards Association

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 1183 53479 D-1505 5.2.1 278260 5.28 Comparable with

specific gravity, ifgravity isallowed for.

Apparent density ofJIS and ISOcomparable

Definitions: Density Density Apparentdensity

Apparentdensity

Apparentdensity

DensityDensity

Methods: A) Buoyancyunder

water

B) Pycnometer

C) Floating

D) Measuring cylinder

A) Weighingunder water

B) Water dis-placement(pycnometer)

C) AerometerD) Measuring

cylinder

Measuring cylinder Measuringcylinder

Mesuring

cylinder

Measuringcylinder

No.: D 792

Definitions: Specific gravity Specificgravity

1: Weighing underwater

Weighingunder water

2: Waterdisplacement(pycnometer)

Apparent density Density

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Moulding shrinkage and Post shrinkage (%)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 2577 53464 D 955 5.7 -

Test specimens: SG 170 x 10 x 4 mmP 120 x 10 x 4 mm

120 x 15 x 10 mm 165 x 13 x 7 mm115 x 6 x 4 mm

90 x 11 x 4 mm

Time: VS24 h

NS168 h

VS24 h

NS168 h

VS24 h

NS168 h

VS48 h

NS168 h

Temperature: 23 C 110 C 23 C 110 C 23 C 110 C 23 C 110 C

Medium: Air Air Air Air

Evaluation: Change in length Change in length Change in length Change in length

comparable

Notch depth

Moulding shrinkage

on commutator

Shrinkages in %

Moulding shrinkage

Post shrinkage

Total shrinkage

VS = 100 %

NS = 100 %

GS = VS + NS

Lw- L

Lw

L - L1L

Processing shrinkage along moulding bar

Moulding shrinkage on SG tensile bar Transverse shrinkage on SG

tensile bar


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Tensile strength (N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 527 53455 (EN 61) D 638 5.18 2782

Speed: 1 ; 5 ; 50 ; 100 ;500 mm/min.

1 ; 5 ; 10; 50 ; 100 ;200 ; 500 mm/min.

1 ; 5 ; 50;500 mm/min.

5 mm/min. 5 mm/min.

Test specimens / shape: Type A according toISO 3167, Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Temperature: + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C

comparable, but

only under samecondition: test specimen

shape measured length test speed

Tensile strengthTensile strength


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Tensile strength

Tensile strength in correlation to temperature

Copper-adhesion

Tensile strength of PF 6507 and PA6-GF 35 in correlation to temperature

Tensile strength (MPa)

Temperature (C)

Tensile strength (MPa)

Temperature (C)

PF 6507as moulded

PF 6507annealed

PA 6-GF 35

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Residual strength of various engineering plastics

Resid

ualstre

ngth

(Te

nsile

test)

atva

rious

Test-Te

mperatur

es

Engineering plastics

Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS)

Polyethersulfone

Polyamide 66

Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)

C

220

180

130

140

100 C

%

48,3

85,5

51,3

38,1

150 C

%

34,9

57,7

39,7

21,1

200 C

%

4,7

13,7

7,2

Therm

alInd

ex

(byU

L)

PF-Standard (PF 31)

PF-Glass fibre

PF-Heat resistant

150

160

170

83,7

71,9

75,1

51,2

57,6

59,7

50,1

52,0

69,9

Polysulfone

Polyamideimide

Alkyd

Polydiallylphthalate

150

200

180

130

86,1

72,8

69,9

94,6

13,1

59,1

62,4

68,7

29,9

33,3

53,1


19/64

Elongation (%)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 527 53455 (EN 61) D 638 5.18 2782

Speed: 1 ; 5 ; 50 ; 100 ;500 mm/min.

1 ; 5 ; 10; 50 ;100 ; 200 ;500 mm/min.

1 ; 5 ; 50;500 mm/min.

5 mm/min. 5 mm/min.

Test specimens /shape:

Type A according toISO 3167, Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Temperature: + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C + 23 C

Elongation (%)

Creep (long term tensile creep) Load: 20 MPa

10,50 1,5 2 2,5 %

Strain at rupture (%)

Time (h)

Tension-elongation-Diagram

Tensile strength in correlation to temperature


EP 8405

PF 31

PF 2774

PF 6507

PF 6537

PF 6540

UP 3420

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comparable, but

only under samecondition: test specimen

shape measured length test speed


20/64

Tensile modulus of elasticity(tangent or secant) (N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 527 53457 (EN61) D 638 2782

Determined on: Tangent Tangent Tangent Secant at0,2 % elongation

Speed: 1 mm/min. 1 mm/min. 1,3 mm/min. 1 mm/min.

Test specimens: Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 5

ASTM, DIN and

ISO arecomparable in thecase of stiffplastics

EP 8450

MF 156

MF 2500MP 183

MP 4165

PF 31

PF 1107

PF 2774

PF 2874

PF 6507

PF 6540

UP 3415

UP 802

Tensile

modulu

sofelas

ticity

MP

aTe

nsile

stren

gth

MP

aSt

ress-stra

in

%Mo

ulding

comp

ound

14200

10000

1000010000

9000

9000

9000

10000

10000

10000

10000

13000

11000

80

60

8065

80

60

70

70

75

105

120

65

60

0,8

1

11,3

1

0,8

0,6

1,1

0,7

1,4

1,4

0,5

0,7

Tensile modulus of elasticity, comparative Tension-elongation diagram of different Bakelites FM

Tensile test specimen new, moulding test specimen old


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Flexural strength(N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 178 53452 D 790 5.17 2782

Speed: d/2 = 2 mm/min. 1;2;5;10;20;50;100 and200 mm/min.

2,8 mm/min. N = h/2t 0,2 d/2 = 2 mm/min.

Test specimens: 80 x 10 x 4 mm 80 x 10 x 4 mm120 x 15 x 10 mm

130 x 13 x 6,4 mm 80 x 10 x 4 mm 95 x 10 x 4 mm

Evaluation: Breaking stress Sress at 3,5 %elongation orflexural strength

Breaking stress Breaking stress Breaking stress

ISO, DIN, JIS and

BS comparable

Loading: 3-point-load 3-point-load 3-point-load 3-point-load 3-point-load

Flexural strength (UPM 1474)

Mechanical properties

old new

Flexural strength DIN 53452 Flexural strength ISO 178

under short time stress

Tensile test

ISO 527


24

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Flexural strength

Dynstat-testing device Change of flexural strength PF 6507 after storage

Flexural strength ISO 178

Flexural strength (MPa)

Duration (h)

Air Water/Glycol

25

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Tensile modulus of elasticity(tangent or secant) (N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 178 53547 (EN 63) D 790 5.17 2782

Determination on: Tangent Tangent Tangent orSecant

Tangent Tangent

Speed: d/2= 2 mm/min. 16/h mm/min. 2,8 or1,3 mm/min.

Comparable at

three-pointloading,DIN notcomparable withASTM, BS, ISOand JIS at four-point-loading

Test specimens: 80 x 10 x 4 mm 120 x 10 x 4 mm(3-P-load)80 x 10 x 4 mm(4-P-load)

130 x 13 x 6,4 mmor80 x 25 x 3,2 mm

16/h =1 mm/min.

d/2= 2 mm/min.

80 x 10 x 4 mm 95 x 10 x 4 mm

Loading: 3-point-load 3-point-load

4-point-load

3-point-load 3-point-load 3-point-load

Test specimen flexural modus of elasticity Test specimen flexural strength old-new


26

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Compressive strength ISO(N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 604 53554 D 695 5.19

Speed: Various Test period 1 min. 1,3 mm/min

Test specimens: 10 x 10 x 4 mm 10 x 10 x 10 mm 12,7 x 12,7 x25,4 mm or12,7 mm h = 25,4 mm

not comparable

Evaluation: Maximum strength Maximum strengthor strength at0,5 %, 1 %deformation

Maximum strengthor strength at1 %, 10 %deformation

12,7 x 12,7 x25,4 mm

Maximum strength

Compressive stress-strain diagrams

Upsetting d

1 Brittle plastic2 Deformable plastic

Compressivestressd

Compressive strength


27

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Compressive modulus of elasticity(N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 604 53457 D 695

Determination on: Tangent Tangent Tangent

Speed: Various 1% deformationper min.(approx.0,4 mm/min.)

1,3 mm/min.

not comparable

Test specimens: 10 x 10 x 10 mm80 x 12 x 5 mmor 5 mm3

or 5 mm

12,7 x 12,7 x25,4 mm or12,7 mm ,h = 25,4 mm

10 x 10 x 4 mm

Test for shaft interference Test specimens commutator

Test specimenscompressive strength new-old


Kommutator

Mandrel

Shell

Copper segment

Support

28

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Impact strength (unnotched and notched)according to Charpy (kJ/m2) or Izod (J/m2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 179 / 180 53453 D-256 5.20 2782

Pendulum: 0,5/1/4/15 J 0,5/1/4/15 J not defined not defined 0,5/1/4/15 J

Izod tests

according toASTM, and JIS arecomparable whencalculted in kJ/m2.Unit: kJ/m2of the

remainingcross section

kJ/m2of theremainingcross section

J/m notch J/m notch J/m2notch or kJ/m2

of the remainingcross section

Method: 180: Izod, testspecimens: 63.5 x12.7 x 3.2/6.4 mmor 80 x 10 x 4 mmNotch: V-shapedApplication:notched only

179: Charpy testspecimens:120 x 15 x 10 mmor 80 x 10 x 4 mmor 50 x 6 x 4 mmNotch: V-shapedApplication: notchedandunnotched

Charpy testspecimens:120 x 15 x 10 mmor 50 x 6 x 4 mmor 15 x 10 x 1.5 -4.5 mmNotch: U-shapedApplication: notchedandunnotched

A: Izod notchedE: Izod unnotchedTest specimens:63.5 x 12.7 x3.2 mmNotch: V-shaped

B: Charpy testspecimens: 127 x12.7 x 12.7 mmNotch: V-shapedApplication: notched(also unnotched forcomparison)

Izod notchedIzod unnotchedTest specimens:63.5 x 12.7 x3.2 mmNotch: V-shaped

Charpy testspecimens:90 x 15 x 4 mmNotch: V-shapedApplication: notchedandunnotched

306A: Izod,test specimens:63.5x12.7x 3.2 mmNotch: V-shaped(the notch may bepointed) Application:notched only

306 D: Charpy306 E: CharpyTest specimens:120 x 15 x 10 mmNotch: U-shapedApplication: 306 Dunnotched,306 E notched

Charpy testsaccording to DIN,BS and ISO arecomparable;

JIS and ASTM arenot comparable

Impact strength and notched impact strength

Charpy

ISO / 179 1eU ISO / 179 1eA

Izod

ISO / 180 1A ISO / 180 1R

Impact strength and notched impact strength


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Ball indentation hardness or Rockwell hardness(N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 2039/1 53456 D 1822 5.16.1

Rockwellhardness

DIN and ISO

2039/1comparable

ASTM, JIS andISO 2039/2comparable

5.16.2

Barcolhardness

Preload: 100 N 10 N 100 N 98 N 39-69 N

Method: B: Load49/132,4/358/961 NBall: 5 mm

Load:49/132,4/358/961 N Ball: 5 mm

R: Load: 600 N Ball 12,7 mm M: Load 1000 N Ball: 6,3 mm

comparablewith ASTM

Reading time after: 30 s 30 s 15 s 15 s -

Unit: daN/mm2 daN/mm2 none - -

2039/2

100 N

15 s

none

R: Load, Ball

12,7 mm

M: Load: 1000 N

Ball: 6,3 mm

Comparsion ball indentation hardnessBall indentation hardness

PA 6 GF 30

0

100

200

300

400

Ballindentationshardness(MPa)

PBT GF 30 PPS GF 45 PF 2774 MF 1206PET GF 30 PF 6507 MF 2500

500


30

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Indentat

ionhardne

ss

Pyramid

hardne

ss

unde

rload

Shorehardne

ss

Rockwell

hardne

ss

A D Scale Scale R Scale L Scale M Scale E Scale KBarcol

hardne

ss(with

devic

e

typ

eNo.

834-1)

Characteris

ticsof

hardne

sstest

proces

s

Ball5 mm diam.

Quadratic py-ramid sur-faces = 136

dmin=0,79 mm; 35

with sphericalcap R = 0,1mm; 30

Ball12,7 mmdiam.

Ball12,7 mmdiam.

Ball6,35 mmdiam.

Ball6,35 mmdiam.

Ball3,175 mmdiam.

Ball3,175 mmdiam.

Truncatedconedmin = 0,157mm; 26

Test specimenTruncated cone

49 to 961*) 0,5 to 4,9 *) 0,55 to 8,1 0 to 44,5 589 589 589 981 981 1472 65 to 77 Test force in N

DIN 53456 none DIN 53505 DIN 53505 ASTM D 785 ASTM D 785 ASTM D 785 ASTM D 785 ASTM D 785 ASTM D 785 DIN EN 59ASTM D 2583

Heat

H/30

N/mm2

10 25

40 65

60

40 80

75 115

85 105

95 145

>

>

>

>

>

>

55 >

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Shore D

40 50

50 70

65

65 75

70 75

75

75 80

>

>

>

>

>

HR

(

>

105 >

110 >

115 >

HRR

125

90110>

100 110

90

125

125

115 120

120

95 105

115

120

105

100 110

>

120 >

>

105 >

105 120

120

125

125

>

>

>

>

>

>

HRL

>

114 >

115 >

112 >

HRM

24 h/23 CProcedure 2 L:>24 h/23 CProcedure 3 L:

>24 h/23 C

Procedure a =24 h/23 CProcedure b =22 h/23 CProcedure d =

saturation

Drying24 h/50 C,then waterabsorption24 h/50

502 F: Drying24 h/50 C thenwater absorption24 h/23 C502 G: as F, but with

subsequentre-drying 24 h/23 C

Test specimen: 50 mm ,d = 3 mm or50 x 50 x 3 mmor others

50 mm ,d = 3 mm or50 x 50 x1,3,4 mm

51 mm ,d = 3,2 mm or76,2 x 25,4 x3,2 mm

50 mm ,d = 3 mm

50 mm ,d = 3 mm or50 x 50 x 3 mmor others

Time, boiling: Procedure 1, 2and 3:30 min./100 C

Procedure e =2 h/100 CProcedure f =30 min/100C

No. 5.27.1Drying24 h/50 C,then waterabsorption1 h/100 C

503 B: Drying24 h/50 C thenwater absorption30 min./100C503 C: as B, but withsubsequent re-drying 24 h/50 C

Time, other: Note:Procedure 1: Drying

before testingProcedure 2: Dryingbefore and aftertestingProcedure 3:No drying

Procedure g =48 h/50 C,

also drying ofspecimens24 h/50C or1 h/110C beforetesting

Unit: mg mg or % % mg or % mg


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Abrasion(mm3or mg)

Bakelite

-Meth

od

ISO DI

NAS

TMJIS

6911

-1979*

BS Rem

arks

No.: Bakelite-Method 53754 D 1242 notcomparable

Test specimens: 2 Round disks130 mm dia. or octagonalswith 50 mm edge length,thickness 0.3 - 5 mm

Method A:76 x 51 mmMethod B:115 x 45 mmThickness notprescribed

50 x 50 x 4 mm

Load: 1000 g 5,4 2 N A: 5000 gB: 1500 g

Friction surface: Bar (120 x 10 x4 mm) onplate (50 x 50 x4 mm)

Abrasive grain onaluminium oxide

AI2O3grain sizeNo. 80, approx.0.2 mm or otherabrasive grain

RPM: Step 4 (40 %) 55 6 min-1 Test specimen 32.5,Disk 23.5

Medium: Dry Dry Dry

Evaluation: Abrasion after100,000 strokes(see drawing)

Abrasion amounts by weightfor the reference material(mSB) in mg per 100revolutions are calculatedfor each pair of grinding

discs according to thefollowing equations:

A: cm3per1000 rev.

B: cm3perX rev. with abrasivegrain of Y quality

mSB=m1B m2B

50 100

ms= m1 m2Test specimen general


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Abrasion test (Bakelite AG)

Abrasion test UP 3415 und UP 3710 / Plate-bar

Abrasion testing device,typical drawing

Abrasion (mg) after100.000 strokes

Weight

Ball bearing

Bar

Plate

Stroke

Plate: 50 x 50 x 4 mmBar: 120 x 10 x 4 mmWeight: 1 kg

Stroke: 70 mm

UP 3415/3415 UP 3710/3710

Abrasion

Taber abrasion resistance as in ISO 3537

Standard plate Standard bar Special plate Special bar

Testspecimen

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Calibrated frictional wheel CS17

5 N

5 N

120

60 U/min

10 - 12

19


55/64

Shear modulus (torsion vibration test)(N/mm2)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 537 53445 D 2236 comparable

Terst specimens: 60 x 10 x 1 mm orarbritrary

60 x 10 x 1mm Length:25 bis 150 mmWhide:2,5 bis 15 mmThickness:0,3 bis 2,5 mm

Schematic of a torsional vibration device

(procedure A)Torsional vibration test (shear modulus)

Tempering chamberClamp

Test specimen

Clamp

Disc flywheel

Locking device

Recorder

Mirror

Light source

Scope

This method of test is designed to enable the shear modulus and the mechanicaldamping to be measured as a function of temperature using free torsionoscillations. By means of this method, measurements are made over a frequencyrange from 0,1 to 10 Hz. It is thus possible to determine the mechanicalproperties of plastic materials at low deformation stresses and low stressingspeeds over a wide temperature range.

This method is also employed for determining the temperature range overwhich a plastics material appears rigid, visco-elastic or rubber-like, and it alsogives information concerning the commencement of plastic flow.

The method provides a means of easily distinguishing thermoplastic, thermosettingand other cross-linked polymers and between crystalline and amorphouspolymers.

When carried out at one temperature, the method is only of use as a controltest of plastics whose general properties are known. It can thus be employedto determine whether a given plastics material is soft or rigid at a giventemperature and stressing speed. The shear modulus and the mechanicaldamping are physical constants which are independent of the test method,the apparatus employed and the shape of the test specimen.


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Dying-out torsional vibration.

Amplitude A1, as a function of time;

torsional vibration diagram

Shear modulus (torsion vibration test)

DefinitionShear modulus

The shear modulus is the quotient of the shearing strain and the resulting elastic deformationangle with a very low deformation within the elasticity limit: that is, in the Hookes range.Determination of the shear modulus of plastics

PF 2774

Shear modulus, comparative table (duroplastics/thermoplastics)

Shear modulus MP 182

Shear modulus PF 2535

G': Shear modulus [MPa]

Temperature [C]

MP 182-9005-S1G': Shear modulusin MPa

PF 2535-9005-S1G': Shear modulusin MPa

Temperature in C

Temperature in CPETP

PP

Method

0,1 - 10 Hz

Phenolic-Mouldingcompound

Temperature

Shear modulus G=

Shearing strain

elastic deformation angle

ShearmodulusG(N/mm

2)

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Ashes (residue on ignition)(%)

ISO

DIN

ASTM

JIS6911

-1979*

BS Rema

rks

No.: 3451 Part 1 60 comparable

Temperature: 850 25 C550 25 C

950 20 C650 20 C

Sample amount: 10-20 g > 2 g

Time: 6 h 6 h

Crucible size: 60 mm 60 mm

Evaluation: Ignition loss

in percentby weight

Ignition loss

in percentby weight

Ashes test Ashes test


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Description of test procedures

Density ISO 1138

Definition:Density is the quotient of mass and volume of thecured moulding material.Unit of measure:g/cm3

Test procedure:Weighing the test specimen in air and in water.Purpose of test:Possibility of conversion between mass and volumeof mouldings. Possibility of control for uniformcompression.

Apparent density ISO 60Definition:The apparent density is the quotient of mass andvolume of a loosely poured moulding compound.Unit of measure:g/cm3

Test procedure:Weighing the moulding compound which waspoured in a prescribed mannner into a certain testvolume.Purpose of test:Control of the uniformity of the mouldingcompound grains as well as a reference forcalculating the loading chamber of moulds.

Moulding shrinkage ISO 2577

Definition:The moulding shrinkage is the difference betweenthe dimension of the cold mould and the dimensionof the cooled down moulding. Aftershrinkage isthe difference between the dimension of the cooledmoulding and the dimension of the same mouldingafter holding at a certain temperature(168 h, 110 C).Unit of measure:%Test procedure:Measuring of the test specimen. The shrinkagevalues for compression moulding are determined

on the standard bar (120 x 10 x 4 mm). For injectionmoulding, the shrinkage values are determined onthe multipurpose specimen (170 x 10 x 4 m)longitudinally and transverely to the direction offlow.Purpose of test:Important information for the design of moulds,control of identical mouldings for uniformprocessing.Note:Besides the respective moulding conditions,shrinkage and aftershrinkage are influenced bythe moisture contents (volatiles) and the flowadjustment of the given moulding compound.

Because we offer most of our products with a wideflow adjustment range, the tolerances for theshrinkage values are relatively wide. The currentshrinkage values for your flow adjustment will beindicated on request.

Tensile strength ISO 527

Definition:The tensile strength is the maximum tension whichleads to rupture of the test specimen under uniaxialstress.Unit of measure:MPaTest procedure:The test specimen (shouldered bar) is elongatedat a uniform pulling speed in a longitudinal directionuntil rupture occurs.Purpose of test:Determination of the strength under tensile stress.

Compressive strength ISO 604

Definition:The compressive strength is the highest forceunder compressive stress related to the startingcross section of the test specimen.Unit of measure:MPaTest procedure:The test specimen is subjected to a uniformlyincreased breaking load till rupture occurs.Purpose of test:Determination of the strength under compressiveload.

Flexural strength ISO 178

Definition:The bending strength is the quotient of the bendingmoment at rupture of the test specimen and thesectiom modulus of the latter.Unit of measure:MPaTest procedure:The test specimen resting on two supports isincreasingly loaded in the centre and the forcerequired to cause rupture is determined (three-point test).Purpose of test:Determination of the strength under bending stress.

Modulus of elasticity ISO 178

Definition:The modulus of elasticity is the quotient of theincreases in stress and deformation of testspecimens subjected to bending.Unit of measure:MPaTest procedure:The changes in force and deformation aredetermined during the bending test.Purpose of test:Determination of the stiffnesss under bendingstress.

Impact strength (ISO 179 1eU) andnotched impact strength (ISO 179 1eA)

Definition:The impact strength is the impact work consumedby unnotched test specimens and the notchedimpact strength the impact work consumed bynotched test specimens.Unit of measure:kJ/m2

Test procedure:The impact work consumed for the destruction ofthe test specimen is determined by means of a

pendulum hammer.Purpose of test:Determination of the toughness and notchsensitivity under impact stress.

Ball indentation hardnessDIN/ISO 2039 Part 1

Definition:The ball indentation hardness is the quotient of thetesting force and the surface of the indentation leftby a ball following application of the testing force.Unit of measure:MPaTest procedure:Determination of the depth of penetration into the

test specimen surface.Purpose of test:Determination of the surface hardness.

Temperature of deflectionunder load ISO 75

Definition:The heat deformation temperature is thetemperature at which an increasingly heated testspecimen has deflected by a certain amount undera certain load (medium: oil).Unit of measure:CTest procedure: See definition.

Purpose of test: See definition.Note:In more recent standards, the deformation underheat influence according to Martens (DIN 53462)has been replaced by the heat deformationtemperature HDT (ISO 75). In this procedure, themeasurement is performed at different steps ofloading (0.45; 1.8 and 8 MPa). Both proceduresdo not permit to give information on a maximumapplication temperature.

Coefficient of linear thermal expansionDIN 53752

Definition:

The thermal elongation coefficient indicates byhow much the length of a test specimen increasesat a temperature rise by 1 K.

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Description of test procedures

Unit of measure:E-6/KTest procedure:Measuring the length of a test specimen while itheats up or cools down according to an optical ora mechanical procedure (two-point test).Purpose of test:Determination of the change in length occurringduring temperature variations.Note:

Post shrinkage may possibly influence the resultof the measurement.

Heat conductivity DIN 52612

Definition:Heat conductivity is the flow of heat going througha layer of a certain thickness in the unit of time,whilst in a stationary position and with a specificdrop in temperature.Unit of measure: W/m KTest procedure:One measures the flow of heat and the differencein temperature between the heated and unheatedplates which are situated at both sides of the test

body.Purpose of test:Establishing the heat conductivity.

Maximum application temperatureDIN/IEC 216/T 1

Definition:The maximum application temperature is thetemperature up to which moulding compoundsmay be utilised without any significant impairmentof important properties. It is a function of natureand duration of the influence of temperature,external loading and the ambient medium.

Unit of measure:CTest procedure:Detection of changes in properties (for instance:bending strength and thermal ageing).Purpose of test:Indication of limiting temperatures for short-timeloading (


60/64

Data catalogue in CAMPUS 3 according to ISO 10350

Test conditions according to the particular

material standard

Longitidinal

Transverse

1 mm/min

50 mm/min

5 mm/min

1 h

1000 h

23 C

-30 C

23 C

-30 C

23 C

Process C

Process A

1,8 MPa

0,45 MPa

8 MPa

Long fibre reinforced

50 K/h, 50 N

Longitudinal

TransverseAt nom. 1,6 mm

Tested thickness

At thickness h

Tested thickness

At thickness h

Tested thickness

Process A

100 Hz

1 MHz

100 Hz

1 MHz

Contact electrodes

Short-term test in transformer oil according to IEC 296

Test liquid A

Saturation values

Test conditions according to material standard

Related to basic polymer

If only compression moulding conditions are specified,

all test specimens are to be compression moulded.

If compression moulding and injection moulding

conditions are specified, only plates are to be

compression moulded.

Only thermosets

Elongation 0,05% to 0,25 %

if 2.2 available

if 2.2 not available

if 2.2 and 2.5 not availableand 2.7 10 %

Elongation 0,5 %

if at 2.12 without failure n.f.

45double V notch, r=1,0

recommended, if at 2.13 n.f.

DTA or DSC

10 K/min

for rigid materials: 1,8 MPa and

8 MPa; for soft materials:

1,8 MPa and 0,45 MPa

Secant pitch between 23 C

and 55 CSpecification of class from:

NO, HB, V-2, V-1, V-0

Specification: NO, 5VA or 5VB

1

1.2

1.3

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.62.7

2.8

2.9

2.12

2.13

2.14

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.16

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.9

5

5.2

5.35.4

see table 1

in ISO 10350

Rheological properties

Melt volume flow rate

Melt volume flow rate

Moulding shrinkage

Mechanical properties

(Climate 23 C 2 C/50% 5% r.h. according to ISO 291)

Tensile modulus

Yield stress

Elongation

Nominal elongation at break

Stress at 50% elongation

Tensile stress at breakElongation at break

Tensile creep modulus

Tensile creep modulus

Charpy impact strength

Charpy impact strength

Charpy notched impact strength

Charpy notched impact strength

Tensile impact strength

Thermal properties

Melt temperature

Glass transition temperature

Temperature of dimensional stability

Vicat softening point

Coefficient of linear expansion

Flammability UL 94

Flammability UL 94-5V

Flammability by oxygen index

Electrical properties

(Climate 23 C 2 C/50% 5 % r. h. according to ISO 291)1

Dielectric constant

Dissipation factor

Volume resistivity

Surface resistivity

Dielectric strength

Comparative figure of tracking

Other properties (23 C 2C)

Water absorption in water at 23 C

Moisture absorption in water at 23

C/50% r.h.Density

Specific properties of moulding compounds

Viscosity number

Characteristic density (PE only)

Isotaxy index (PE only)

Manufacturing conditions for test specimens

Conditions according to the international

moulding compound standard

Injection moulding

of thermoplastics

Injection moulding

of thermosets

Compression moulding

of thermoplastics

Compression moulding

of thermosets

Post-curing

of thermosets

1. Value

Temperature

Load

2. Value

Temperature

Load

Melt temperature

Mould temperature

Melt front velocity

Holding pressure

Melt temperature

Mould temperature

Melt front velocity

Holding pressure

Post-curing time

Mould temperature

Compression moulding time

Cooling velocity

Demoulding temperature

Mould temperature

Compression moulding time

Post-curing temperature

Post-curing time

ISO 1133

ISO 2577

ISO 527-1

ISO 527-2

ISO 899-1

ISO 179/1eU

ISO 179/1eA

ISO 8256

ISO 3146

IEC 1006

ISO 75-1

ISO 75-2

ISO 75-3

ISO 306

ASTM E 831

UL 94

ISO 4589

IEC 250

IEC 93

IEC 243-1

IEC 112

Following

ISO 62ISO 1183

ISO 307

1157, 1628

ISO 1872-1

ISO 6427 B

Moulding comp.

standard Part 2

ISO 294

ISO 10724

ISO 293

ISO 295

Moulding compound

Multipurpose test

specimen according to

ISO 3167

Injection moulded: type A

Machined: type B

80 x 10 x 4

V notch; r=0,25

80 x 10 x 4

Moulding compound

80 x 10 x 4

10 x 10 x4

125 x 13 x 1,6

125 x 13 x thickness

152 x 13 x thickness and

152 x 152 x thickness

80 x 10 x 4

Plate with the

dimensions 1,0 0,1

15 x 15 x 4

50 x 50 x 1

10 x 10 x 4

Moulding compound

cm3/10 min

C

kg

cm3/10 min

C

kg

%

MPa

%

MPa

%

MPa

kJ/m2

C

C

1/K

Class

%

Ohm cm

Ohm

kV/mm

%

g/cm3

cm3/g

cm3/g

C

mm/s

MPa

C

mm/s

MPa

s

C

min

K/min

C

C

min

C

min

No.in

ISO10

350

Prop

erty

Stan

dard

Testspecimen

dim

ensio

nsinm

m

Unit

Testcond

itions

an

dsup

plement

ary

statem

ents

1)

1)

1)

1)

2)

2)

1)

1) Eventually taken from the multipurpose test specimen type A 2) Compression moulded or injection moulded test specimen

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National Standards Organization

AAMVA American Association of Motor VehicleAdministrators (USA), Prfbehrde frdie Kfz-Industrie in den USA

ABNT Ass. Brasileira de Normas Tecnicas,brasilianisches Norminstitut, A. 13 deMaio, no 1318 andar, Caixa Postal1680, CEP 20003 Rio de Janeiro RJ

AEA American Electronics Association (USA)AECMA Association Europenne des

Constructeurs de Matrial Arospatial(Europ. Prfbehrde fr die Luftfahrt)

AENOR As. Espanola de Normalizacion(spanischer Normverband), Callefernandez de la Hoz, 52, 28010 Madrid

AFNOR Association Franaise de Normalisation(franz. Normenausschu), Tour Europe,Cedex 7, 92049 Paris la dfense

AKI Arbeitsgemeinschaft DeutscheKunststoff-Industrie (D), Karlstrae 21,D-60329 Frankfurt, Tel. 0 69 /2556307

ANAIP Association Espanola de Industrialesde Plasticos (E), Spanischer Verbandder Kunststoff-Verarbeiter, RaimundoFernandez Villaverde 57, E-8003 Madrid

ANSI American National Standards InstituteInc. (USA), 1430 Broadway, New York,N. Y. 10018

ASKI Swiss Plastic Industries Federation(CH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft derSchweizerischen KunststoffindustrieGesamtverband, Nordstrae 15, CH-8006 Zrich (ab 01. 01. 1992 im KVSaufgegangen)

ASME American Society of MechanicalEnigeers

ASQC American Society for Quality Control(USA Qualittsgesellschaft)

ASTM American Society for Testing andMaterials (USA), (Norminstitut der USA)

BAM Bundesanstalt fr Materialforschungund -prfung (D), Unter den Eichen 87,

D-12205 Berlin, Tel. 0 30 / 81 04-1, Fax0 30 / 8 112029

BGA Bundesgesundheitsamt (D), Thieleallee8292, D-14195 Berlin, Tel. 0 30 /83 08-0, Fax 0 30 / 83 08-27 41

BSI British Standards Institution (Brit.Norminstitut), (die Normen werden alsBS bezeichnet), 2 Park Street, LondonW1A 2BS

BPS Bureau of Product Standards,Phillippines

CAS Chemical Abstract Service, Columbus,Ohio (USA), (Datenbank-Informations-Zentrum)

CEE Commission Internationale pourRglementation et le Contrle delEquipement Electrique (Internat.Elektriker Verband)

CEFIC Conseil Europeen des Federation de

lIndustrie Chemique (EuropischerChemieverband)

CEN Comit Europen de Normalisation(Europischer Normenverband). DieNormen werden als EN-Normbezeichnet. CEN gliedert sich in -TC =Technische Comitees, -SC = Sub-Comitees (Fachbereiche), -WG =Working Groups (Arbeitsausschsse)fr die jeweiligen Fachbereiche- EN Europische Normen, - ENVEuropische Vornormen, - HDHarmonisierungsdokumente

CENELEC Comit Europeen de NormdialistionElectric, (Europischer Normenverbandfr die Elektroindustrie)

CIE Commission Internationale delEclairage

COSMT Czech Office for Standards, Metrologyand Testing, Czech Republic

CSA Canadian Standards Association(Kanadischer Normverband)

CSBTS China State Bureau of TechnicalSupervision (chinesischesNorminstistut), PO Box 820, Beijing

CSN Federal Office for Standards andMeasurements (tschechischesNorminstitut), Vaclavske Namesti 19,

11347 PragCWFG Chemie

WirtschaftsfrderungsgesellschaftmbH, Karlstrae 21, D-60321Frankfurt/M. (Geschftsstelle frCAMPUS-Datenbanken), Tel. 0 69 /25 56-4 60, Fax 0 69 / 25 56-4 71

DAR Deutscher Akkreditierungs Rat (D),Geschst. BAM, Unter den Eichen 87,D-12205 Berlin, Tel. 0 30 / 81 04-1, Fax0 30 / 8 1120 29

DGQ Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Qualitt e. V.(D), August-Schanz-Strae 21a, D-60433 Frankfurt/M., Tel. 069 / 54 80 01

(0), Fax 0 69 / 54 80 01 38DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V.

(D), Burggrafenstrae 6, D-10787Berlin, Tel. 030 / 2601-2352, Fax 0 30/ 26 01-12 31- DIN-FNK DIN-FachnormenausschuKunststoffe- DIN-NMP DIN-FachnormenausschuMaterialprfung

DIS Draft International StandardDKE Deutsche Elektrotechnische

Kommission (D)DKI Deutsches-Kunststoff-Institut (D),

Schlogartenstrae 6, D-64289

Darmstadt, Tel. 0 61 51 / 16-0, Fax0 6151 / 2928 55DQS Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Zertifizierung

von Qualittssicherungssystemen (D),(Zusammenschlu v. 7 Verbnden),

Burggrafenstrae 6, D-10787 Berlin,Tel. 0 30 / 2 65 14 74, Fax 0 30 / 26 01-1972

DS Dansk Standardisierungsgraad(dnisches Norminstitut), Aurehojvej12, DK-2900 Hellerup

EG Kommission d. EuropischenGemeinschaften, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brssel, Tel. 0 03 22 / 2 35 11 11,Fax 0 03 22 / 2 35 01 22, Bro DZietelmannstrae 22, D-53113 Bonn,Tel. 02 28 / 53 00 90, Fax 02 28 /5300950

EOQC European Organization for Quality, P.O.Box 2613, CH-3001 Bern

EPA Europisches Patentamt, D-80290Mnchen, Tel. 0 89 / 2 39 90, Fax 0 89/ 23 99 44 65

ETP Engineering ThermoplasticsEUROPEN European Organisation for Packaging

and the Environment, Rue de Commerz2022 B12, B-1040 Brssel

FAA Federal Aviation Administration (USALuftfahrtbehrde)

FGK Forschungsgesellschaft Kunststoffe e.V., Schlogartenstrae 6, D-64289Darmstadt, Tel. 0 61 51 / 1634 07

FIZ Fachinformations-Zentrum Chemie (D),

Steinplatz 2, D-10623 Berlin oderEggenstein, Leopoldshafenerstrae 2,D-76149 Karlsruhe (Datenbank-Informationszentrum)

FPA Finnish Plastics Association (FinnischerKunststoff-Verband)

FPID Finnish Plastics Industry Federation(SL), Finnischer Kunststoff-Verband,Mariankatu 26 B 9, SL-00170, Helsinki17

FV Fachverbnde im GKV (D), AmHauptbahnhof 12, D-60329 Frankfurt(siehe GKV)

GOST USSR State Committee for Standards

(russisches Norminstitut), LeninskyProspekt 9, Moskau 117049

IBN Institut Belge de Normalisation(belgisches Norminstitut), Avenue deBrabanconne 23, B-1040 Brssel

ICONTEC Instituto Colombiano de NormasTcnicas, Colombia

IEC International ElectrotechnicalCommission (InternationalerElektroverband) 3, rue de Varemb, CH-1211 Genve 20

IEEE Institute of Electrical and ElectronicelEngineers (USA), (USA Normungsstellefr die Elektroindustrie)

IFAN International Federation for theApplication of Standards, Case Postale56, CH-1211 Genve 20

IFEC Institut Francais de lEmballage et duConditionnement (F)

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National Standards Organization

IS International StandardISIRI Institute of Standards and Industrial

Research of Iran, Islamic Republic ofIran

ISO International Standard Organisation(Internationaler Kunststoff-Normverband), Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Genve 20Die TC = Technical Committee, sinddie Arbeitsgruppen

ISO-DIS ISO-Draft Internationaler Standard =Normentwurf

ISOPA European Isocyanate ProducersAssociation (Europaverband der PUR-Hersteller), B-Brssel

IRS Institutul Roman de Standardizare,Romania

IUPAC International Union of Pure and AppliedChemistry (unter anderem zustndigfr international gltige chemischeNomenklaturen)

JICST Japan Information Center of Scienceand Technologie, Tokio (J), (DatenbankInformationszentrum)

JISC Japanese Industrial StandardsCommittee (japanisches Norminstitut),1-3-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 1000 PO Japanisches Patentamt

(J)JPIF Japan Plastics Industry FederationKBS Bureau of Standards (koreanisches

Norminstitut), 2, Chungang-dong,Kwachon-city, Kyonggi-do 427-010

KIAA Korean Industrial AdvancementAdministration, Republic of Korea

MSZH Magyar Szavanygi Hivtai(ungarischer Normverband), Postfach24, 1450 Budapest 9

NAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementNEN Nederland Normalisatie-Instituut

(niederlndisches Norminstitut), (NL)NFK Nederlandse Federatie voor

Kunststoffen (NL), NiederlndischerKunststoff-Verband, Polanerbaan 15,NL-3440 AH Woerden

NNI Nederlands Normalisatie-Instituur(niederlndisches Norminstitut),Kalfjeslaan 2, P.O. Box 5059, 2600 GBDelft

NSF Norges Standardiserings Forbund(norwegisches Norminstitut), Postboks7020, Homansbyen, N-0306 Oslo 3

OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerNA sterreichischer Normenausschu (A)

(Adresse siehe ON)VE sterreichische Vereinigung fr

Elektrotechnik (A)ON sterreichisches Normungsinstitut,Heinestrae 38, Postfach 130, A-1021Wien

PKN Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny

(Polnisches Norminstitut), (PL)PKNMiJ Polish Committee for Standardization

(polnischer Normverband), Ul.Elektoraina 2, 00-139 Warschau

PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt(D), Bundesallee 100, D-38116Braunschweig, Tel. 05 31 / 5 92-0, Fax05 31 / 592-40 06

PWMI Plastics Waste Management Institute(europische Dachorganisation d.Kunststofferzeuger f. Kunststoffe u.Umwelt), Avenue E. van Nieuwenhuse4, B-1160 Brssel

TVK Technische Vereinigung der Herstellerund Verarbeiter typisierter Kunststoff-Formmassen e. V., (kooperativesMietglied)

RAL Deutsches Institut fr Gtesicherungund Kennzeichnung e. V. (D),Siegburgerstrae 39, D-53119 St.Augustin, Tel. 0 22 41 / 16 05-0, Fax0 22 41/ 16 05-11

SAA Standards Association of Australia(australisches Norminstitut), P.O. Box458, North Sydney-N-S-W 2059

SABS South African Bureau of Standards(sdafrikanisches Norminstitut),Private BAG X191, Pretoria 0001

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers(USA), (USA-Prfbehrde frAutomobilindustrie, 400Commonwealth 3, Drive, Warrendale,PA 15096

SC SubcommitteeSCC Standards Council of Canada

(canadisches Norminstitut), 350Sparks, Street, Suite 1200, Ottawa,Ontario

SFS Soumen Standardisoimislito(finnisches Norminstitut), P.O. Box205, SF-00121 Helsinki

SIS Sveriges

Standardisierungskommission(schwedisches Norminstitut), Box3295, S-10366 Stockholm

SISIR Singapore Institute of Standards(Singapur Norminstitut), 1 ScienceParkdrive, Singapur 0511

SKS Savezna Komisija za Standardizaciju(Jugoslavischer Normverband), (Y)

SKZ Sddeutsches Kunststoff-Zentrum,Institut fr Kunststoffverarbeitung, -anwendung und -prfung (D),Frankfurter Strae 15, D-97082Wrzburg, Tel. 09 31 / 41 04-0, Fax09 31 / 4 104177

SNV Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung,Kirchweg 4, CH-8032 ZrichSPI Society of Plastics Industry (USA)

(amerikanischer Kunststoffverband),CI Composites Institute des SPI

TC Technical CommitteeTV Technischer berwachungs-Verein (D)

mit folgenden relevanten Bereichen:- TV Bayern ArbeitsbereichKunststoffprfung, Westendstrae 199,D-80686 Mnchen- TV Berlin Kunststoff-Prfstelle(federfhrend f. Kunststoff-Kraftstoffbehlter), Postfach 11 06 61,D-10831 Berlin- TV Rheinland, ZentralabteilungWerkstofftechnik, Bereich Kunststoff-Technik, Am Grauen Stein 20, D-51105Kln, Tel. 02 21 / 80 60

TV-CERT TV-Zertifizierungsgemeinschaft e. V.,Reuterstrae 161, D-53113 Bonn, Tel.02 28 / 9 14 81-40, Fax 0228 / 9 14 81-44

TV Technische Vereinigung der Herstellerund Verareiter typisierter Kunststoff-Formmassen e. V. (D), Rosengasse 8,D-97070 Wrzburg

UBA Umweltbundesamt (D), Bismarckplatz1, D-14193 Berlin 33, Tel. 0 30 / 89 03-0, Fax 0 30 / 89 03-22 85

UL Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (Staatlichanerkanntes Institut fr die Prfungvon Kunststoffen auf Brennbarkeit,

Temperaturbestndigkeit), Northbrook,IL 60062 (USA)

UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione(italienisches Norminstitut), PiazzaArmando Diaz 2, I-20123 Mailand

UNICE Union des Confderations delIndustries et des Employers dEurope(Verband der Europischen Industriegegenber den EG-Organen)

UNMS Slovak Office of Standards, Metrologyand Testing, Slovakia

USCAR United States Council for AutomotiveResearch

USTAG United States Technical Advisory Group

VCI Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (D), Karlstrae 21, D-60329Frankfurt, (T. u. F. s. VKE)

VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e. V. (D),Graf-Recke-Strae 84, D-40239Dsseldorf, Tel. 02 11 / 62 14-0, Fax02 11 / 6 21 45 75 (darin eine Reihevon Fachgesellschaften fr dieeinzelnen Gebiete)

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Notes

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Conversion factors:1 N/mm2 = 10,2 kg/cm2 = 1 MPa1 J/m = 0,102 cmkp/cm1 kJ/m2 = 1,02 cmkp/cm2

1 N/dm3 = 0,102 g/m3

1 kgf/mm2 = 9,8 N/mm2

1 kgfcm/cm2 = 0,98 kJ/m2Tension:1 psi = 0,007 N/mm2

1 N/mm2 = 1,42 psiTemperatures:Conversion of C into F Conversion of F into CC x 1,8 + 32 = F (F - 32) x 0,555 = C

Comparaison Normes

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