AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille · INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE...
Transcript of AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille · INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE...
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Protection de l’environmentAWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Une obligation de coopérer pour la
protection de l’environment
• Les États sont tenus de protéger et de préserver l'écosystème des cours d'eau internationaux
• Les États ont l'obligation de diligence raisonnable de prévenir de nouvelles sources de pollution et de réduire et contrôler les sources existantes
• Les États doivent prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour empêcher l'introduction d'espèces, exotiques ou nouvelles, qui peuvent avoir des effets néfastes sur un écosystème.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Eau pour les hommes
Eau pour les
aliments
Eau pour la nature
Eau pour autres usages
• Institutions
• Outils de gestion
• Politiques
• Stratégies
• Gouvernance
Pays A
Pays B
Pays C
INTEGRATION INTERSECTORIELLE
INTE
R E
TATS
Eau pour les hommes
Eau pour les
aliments
Eau pour la nature
Eau pour autres usages
• Institutions
• Outils de gestion
• Politiques
• Stratégies
• Gouvernance
Eau pour les hommes
Eau pour les
aliments
Eau pour la nature
Eau pour autres usages
• Institutions
• Outils de gestion
• Politiques
• Stratégies
• Gouvernance
Pays A
Pays B
Pays C
INTEGRATION INTERSECTORIELLE
INTE
R E
TATS
D’une gestion fragmentée par usages et par
pays à une gestion partagée et intégrée
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Justification
• Les utilisations de l'eau telles que
l'agriculture, l'irrigation, l'industrie
et les municipalités sont des
facteurs directs de dégradation
des écosystèmes.
• Plus de 80 % des bassins
hydrographiques transfrontaliers
sont gravement touchés par un
enrichissement excessif en
nutriments ou par des agents
pathogènes.
• Protéger les cours d'eau internationaux contre la pollution
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
UN Watercourses Convention, 1997
Article 20
Protection et préservation des
écosystèmes
Les États du cours d'eau, séparément et,
s'il y a lieu, conjointement, protègent et
préservent les écosystèmes des cours
d'eau internationaux.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
UN Watercourses Convention, 1997
Article 21
Prévention, réduction et maîtrise de la pollution
1. Aux fins du présent article, on entend par "pollution
d'un cours d'eau international" toute modification
préjudiciable de la composition ou de la qualité des eaux
d'un cours d'eau international résultant directement ou
indirectement d'actix'ités humaines.
Watercourse States shall, individually and, where
appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the
pollution of an international watercourse that may cause
significant harm to other watercourse States or to their
environment, including harm to human health or safety,
to the use of the waters for any beneficial purpose or to
the living resources of the watercourse.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
UN Watercourses Convention, 1997
Article 21:
Measures and methods to prevent, reduce and control
pollution:
(a) Setting joint water quality objectives and criteria;
(b) Establishing techniques and practices to address
pollution from point and non -point sources;
(c) Establishing lists of substances the introduction of
which into the waters of an international watercourse is
to be prohibited, limited, investigated or monitored.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
UN Watercourses Convention, 1997
Article 22:
Introduction of alien or new species
Watercourse States shall take all measures necessary to
prevent the introduction of species, alien or new, into an
international watercourse which may have effects detrimental
to the ecosystem of the watercourse resulting in significant
harm to other watercourse States.
Article 23:
Protection and preservation of the marine environment
Watercourse States shall, individually and, where appropriate,
in cooperation with other States, take all measures with respect
to an international watercourse that are necessary to protect
and preserve the marine environment, including estuaries,
taking into account generally accepted international rules and
standards.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Water Convention, 1992
Article 2.2
The Parties shall, in particular, take all appropriate
measures:
(a) To prevent, control and reduce pollution of waters
causing or likely to cause transboundary impact;
(b) To ensure that transboundary waters are used with
the aim of ecologically sound and rational water
management, conservation of water resources and
environmental protection;
(c) To ensure that transboundary waters are used in a
reasonable and equitable way, taking into particular
account their transboundary character, in the case of
activities which cause or are likely to cause
transboundary impact;
(d) To ensure conservation and, where necessary,
restoration of ecosystems.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Water Convention, 1992
Article 3 : Prevention, control and reduction
1. To prevent, control and reduce transboundary impact, the
Parties shall develop, adopt, implement and, as far as
possible, render compatible relevant legal, administrative,
economic, financial and technical measures, in order to
ensure, inter alia, that:
(a) The emission of pollutants is prevented, controlled and
reduced at source through the application of, inter alia, low-
and non-waste technology;
(b) Transboundary waters are protected against pollution from
point sources through the prior licensing of waste-water
discharges by the competent national authorities, and that the
authorized discharges are monitored and controlled;
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Water Convention, 1992
Article 3 : Prevention, control and reduction
2. To this end, each Party shall set emission limits
for discharges from point sources into surface
waters based on the best available technology,
which are specifically applicable to individual
industrial sectors or industries from which
hazardous substances derive.
3. In addition, each Party shall define, where
appropriate, water-quality objectives and adopt
water-quality criteria for the purpose of preventing,
controlling and reducing transboundary impact.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
IUCN Initiatives towards
protecting the environment:
BRIDGE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Main Goals
BRIDGE (Building River Dialogue and Governance)
• Supports the capacities of countries in shared
basins to adopt effective water management
arrangements to ensure sustainable
development and international cooperation
• Promotes the achievement and implementation
of policies, laws, agreements and institutional
arrangements for effective water governance
at the local, national, basin and regional levels
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Methodology
Demonstration
Evaluation of opportunities for
governance reforms
Learning
Capacity building and exchange of
lessons and experiences
Dialogues
Platforms to build consensus over
existing and potential
challenges, as well as for the adoption of policy, legal, and
institutional arrangements
Leadership
Empowerment of key actors at
different levels to lead reform processes
Advice and support
Guidance for the effective reform of
policies, laws/agreements and institutions
THEORY OF CHANGE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Strategy
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
A Multilevel Approach
BRIDGE brings together an extensive network of key stakeholders to
promote effective water governance arrangements at different levels
Legal agreements at different levels of governance
Global
• Promotion of global frameworks for transboundary water cooperation
Regional
• Strengthening regional agreements and institutions
National
• Supporting, reviewing and reforming of national policies and laws
Local
• Promotion of local agreements for the sustainable management of natural resources
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Acting within a Global Mandate
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all
levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Part
ners
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Online academic courses
Presential and virtual modalities
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Tools
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Publications
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Case studies