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SD Indicator 49: Health inequality http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/progress/national/49.htm

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Creating sustainable communities and a fairer world

49. Health inequality*

(a) Infant mortality: differences between socio-economic groups, 1994-6 to 2003-5

(i) England and Wales

(ii) Northern Ireland

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(iii) Scotland

(b) Life expectancy: differences in average life expectancy between local authority areas,2003-5

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(c) Life expectancy: differences in average life expectancy between deprived areas inEngland and the national average, 1991-3 to 2003-5

Infant mortality differences since: 1994 1999

Life expectancy differences since: 1991 1999

Although infant mortality rates have fallen for all socio-economic groups in England and

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Wales, the difference between those socio-economic groups with the lowest and highestrates has widened. In England and Wales in 1994-6, there were 3.3 more infant deaths per1,000 live births for those in semi-routine occupations than for those who were largeemployers or higher managerial. In 2003-5 the difference was 4 infant deaths per 1000 livebirths, although the difference had narrowed slightly since the previous year.

In Scotland, overall infant mortality rates have declined slightly since 1996-8. However, thedifference between socio-economic groups with the highest and lowest rates has not

changed. In 2003-5 there were 3 more infant deaths per 1,000 live births for those inroutine occupations compared with large employers or higher managerial, the same as in1996-98.

In Northern Ireland the overall infant mortality rate fell between 1994-6 and 2003-5. Duringthis period, the difference narrowed between those with the highest rate, in routineoccupations, and those with the lowest, higher managerial or professional.

Average life expectancy can be estimated for each local authority area. Comparing acrossthe UK, overall average life expectancies in England, Wales and Northern Ireland arebroadly similar, but the average is lower in Scotland.

Although overall average life expectancy has increased (see Healthy life expectancyoverleaf), the differences in average expected years of life between local authorities withthe highest and lowest averages have widened.

In 1991-3 (not shown) the difference in average life expectancy for men between localauthority areas in the UK with the highest and lowest average life expectancy was 9.7years. This widened to 12.3 years in 2003-5. For women the difference was 7.5 years in1991-3 and widened to 9.5 years in 2003-2005.

In 2003-5, in comparison with average life expectancy in England, life expectancy in areaswith the worst health and deprivation was 2.0 fewer years for men, and 1.6 fewer years forwomen.

The gap between life expectancy for men and women is also greater in areas with the worsthealth and deprivation; in 2003-5 it was 4.7 years compared with the England average of4.2 years.

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Updated: 27 July 2007

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