INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION

By AJAY KUMAR

Roll. No. 1305232005 E.I FINAL YEAR

Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO)

(Research Directorate Electronics Lab)

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INTRODUCTION- ABOUT RDSO Research Designs and Standards

Organization (RDSO) was formed in 1957, under Ministry of Railways at Lucknow.

RDSO has a number of laboratories which are well equipped with research and testing facilities for development, testing and design evaluation of various railway related equipments and materials.

All the directorates of RDSO except Defence Research are located at Lucknow.

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FUNCTIONS

Development of new and improved designs Development and adoption of new technologies for use on Indian Railways Development of standards for materials and products

especially needed by Indian Railways Technical investigation, statutory clearance, testing and

provision of consulting services Inspection of critical and safety items for rolling stock,

locomotives, signals, Telecommunications equipment, and track.

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SIGNALING IN INDIAN RAILWAYS

Railway signaling is a system used to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from colliding.

There are basically two purposes achieved by railway signaling:-

To safely receive and dispatch trains at a station.

To control the movements of trains from one station to another after ensuring that the track on which this train will move to reach the next station is free from movement of another train either in the same or opposite direction.

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SOME IMPORTANT TERMS IN RAILWAY SIGNALING

• To run the train system according to a timetable.• Trains may only run on each section of track at their scheduled

time.

Timetable operation

• One train is permitted in each block at a time.• Can be manually or automatic controlled.

Block signaling

• To determine whether a section of line is occupied is by use of a track circuit.

Train detection

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FIXED SIGNALSOn most railways, physical signals are erected at the line side to indicate to driverswhether the line ahead is occupied and to ensure that sufficient space exists betweentrains to allow them to stop.

Mechanical signals• The most common form of mechanical signal worldwide is the semaphore signal.

Color light signals• Displaying the same aspects by night as by day.• Require less maintenance than mechanical signals.

Route and speed signaling To inform a driver which route the train will take beyond each signal. To drive the train at the correct speed for the route to be taken.

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TRANSDUCERS The non-electrical quantity is converted in to an electrical signal by a device called transducer. It converts one form of energy to another. Mainly electrical transducers classified in two categories. 1) ACTIVE TRANSDUCER 2) PASSIVE TRANSDUCER

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LVDT An LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is a

transformer device which produces an electrical output proportional to the displacement of a free moving core.

The output voltage is null when the core is at the center. When it moves from the center, the differential voltage increases. The two secondary coils are connected in series and in opposite polarity, so that the output signal is the difference between these voltages.

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ACCELEROMETER An accelerometer is a device that

measures proper acceleration .  Accelerometers are used to detect and monitor vibration in machinery. Some accelerometers use the piezoelectric

effect – they contain microscopic crystal structures that

get stressed by accelerative forces, which causes a

voltage to be generated. Another way to do it is by sensing changes in capacitance.

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APPLICATION OF LVDT AND ACCELEROMETER IN RAILWAYS

Monitoring and control for track maintenance.

Optimize braking for passenger comfort. For vibration measurement on bogies and

train structure. For track gradient and slope

measurement Quality Control and Balancing

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OSCILLATION MONITORING SYSTEM OMS are used for measuring vertical and lateral accelerations to assess the condition of track. This system is useful for monitoring of tracks and monitoring of railway vehicles(railway coaches,wagons and locomotives). The portable OMS2000 is a microprocessor-based system for track monitoring by measurement of the following

parameters: 1. Speed 2. Vertical and lateral accelerations on loco/coach floor.

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FLOW CHART OF OMSDecide the reference for horizontal and vertical acceleration in accelerometer

Keep the device on moving train. Keep the record of pole and hour

After recording the oscillations, connect the device with the main apparatus which consists of a microprocessor and a printer

On the printed record, check for the spike in the acceleration. The track near the corresponding pole is defected

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WHEEL IMPACT LOAD DETECTOR (WILD) When the wheel is perfectly round, it applies a uniform load on the rail. When a wheel is having flat place/Out of roundness/ Defect in suspension system etc., or combination of

any/all of these will give a huge impact load on the rail whenever the defect portion hits the rail. Wheel Impact Load Detector is used to catch the defects in the early stage and thereby protecting Rail infrastructure, avoid derailment and accidents.

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HOT WHEEL DETECTION SYSTEM (HWDS)

HWD sensors are used to monitor temperature of wheel and disc brakes (temperature up to 650°C).

Hot box occurs due to inadequate wheel bearing lubrication or mechanical flaws which causes an increase in temperature.

Designed to monitor axle,wheel,brake temperature & indicate any overheating which can result in derailment.

It consists of pyrometers which then transmits the data to traffic control & monitoring section.

The cut-off limits and the alarm limits can be set by the user for flagging the hot axles, hot wheel & cold wheels.

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THANK

YOU