Adp II Report

7/26/2019 Adp II Report

1/35

SUBSONIC AMBULANCE

AIRCRAFT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By

In partial fulfillment for award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

V.S.B ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KARUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY : COIMBATORE

APRIL 2010


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ANNA UNIVERSITY: COIMBATORE

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report SUBSONIC AMBULANCE

AIRCRAFT is the !o"afide #or$ of

#ho carried o%t the project #or$ %"der &' s%per(isio")

SI*NATURE SI*NATURE

Mr) *OBINAT+ Mr)

+EA, O- T+E ,EPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

,ept) of Aero"a%tica. E"//0 1ect%rer

V)S)B E"/i"eeri"/ Co..e/e ,ept) of Aero"a%tica. E"//0

V)S)B E"/i"eeri"/ Co..e/e

,ate :

S%!&itted this project for (i(a (oce o" 2222))

I"ter"a. E3a&i"er E3ter"a. E3a&i"er


3/35

ABSTRACT

S%!so"ic A&!%.a"ce aircrafts are %sef%. #he" the &issio"

re4%ires tra"sporti"/ critica. care patie"ts) The' pro(ide the sta!i.it' of apress%ri5ed0 e"(iro"&e"ta..'6co"tro..ed ca!i"0 #ith hi/h cr%ise speeds a"d

the a!i.it' to f.' o(er poor #eather0 'et .a"d at shorter airfie.ds .ocated

c.osest to the &edica. faci.ities) The desi/" of these air a&!%.a"ces re4%ires

the ca.c%.atio" of a.. the critica. perfor&a"ce para&eters)

I" the Aircraft ,esi/" Project Phase6II0 #e ha(e ca.c%.ated the

&a"e%(eri"/0 the /%st .oads acti"/ o" the aircraft0 a"d V6" dia/ra&) It a.so

i"(o.(es str%ct%ra. desi/" ca.c%.atio"s0 desi/" of co&po"e"ts of #i"/s a"d

f%se.a/es)

The desi/" ca.c%.atio"s are s%pported !' three (ie# CA,

dra#i"/s) -ro& the ca.c%.atio"s #e ca" co"c.%de that s%!so"ic air

a&!%.a"ces ca" ha(e a &a3i&%& .oad factor of a!o%t 7)80 a"d the desi/" of

the co&po"e"ts are si&i.ar to co"(e"tio"a. .o# #i"/ aircrafts)


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TAB1E O- CONTENTS

SL No To!" P/ No)

9 1ist of S'&!o.s 9

V6" ,ia/ra&

7 Str%ct%ra. ,esi/" St%d'6 Theor' Approach 99

;


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1IST O- SYMBO1S

S.

No

S'&!o. ,escriptio" U"it

9 <


6/35

V6" ,IA*RAM

The f.i/ht operati"/ stre"/th of a" airp.a"e is prese"ted o" a

/raph #hose hori5o"ta. sca.e is !ased o" .oad factor)

-i/ )9: T'pica. V6" dia/ra&)

The dia/ra& is ca..ed a V/ dia/ra&(e.ocit' (ers%s /D .oads or

.oad factor)Each airp.a"e has its o#" V/ dia/ra& #hich is (a.id at a certai"

#ei/ht a"d a.tit%de)The .i"es of &a3i&%& .ift capa!i.it' c%r(ed .i"esF are

the first ite&s of i&porta"ce o" the V/ dia/ra&)The s%!ject airp.a"e i" the

i..%stratio" is capa!.e of de(e.opi"/ "o &ore tha" o"e positi(e /D at ?

&)p)h)0 the #i"/ .e(e. sta.. speed of the airp.a"e)

Si"ce the &a3i&%& .oad factor (aries #ith the s4%are of the

airspeed0 the &a3i&%& positi(e .ift capa!i.it' of this airp.a"e is /D at

&)p)h)0 7 /D at 99 &)p)h)0 ;); /D at 97= &)p)h)0 a"d so forth) A"' .oad

factor a!o(e this .i"e is %"a(ai.a!.e aerod'"a&ica..'G i)e)0 the s%!ject

airp.a"e ca""ot f.' a!o(e the .i"e of &a3i&%& .ift capa!i.it' it #i.. sta..F)


7/35

Esse"tia..' the sa&e sit%atio" e3ists for "e/ati(e .ift f.i/ht #ith the

e3ceptio" that the speed "ecessar' to prod%ce a /i(e" "e/ati(e .oad factor is

hi/her tha" that to prod%ce the sa&e positi(e .oad factor)

If the s%!ject airp.a"e is f.o#" at a positi(e .oad factor /reater

tha" the positi(e .i&it .oad factor of ;);0 str%ct%ra. da&a/e #i.. !e possi!.e)

&)p)h) If f.i/ht is

atte&pted !e'o"d the .i&it airspeed0 str%ct%ra. da&a/e or str%ct%ra. fai.%re

&a' res%.t fro& a (ariet' of phe"o&e"a)

Th%s0 the airp.a"e i" f.i/ht is .i&ited to a re/i&e of airspeeds

a"d /Hs #hich do "ot e3ceed the .i&it or red.i"eF speed0 do "ot e3ceed the

.i&it .oad factor0 a"d ca""ot e3ceed the &a3i&%& .ift capa!i.it') The

airp.a"e &%st !e operated #ithi" this e"(e.opeD to pre(e"t str%ct%ra.


8/35

da&a/e a"d e"s%re that the a"ticipated ser(ice .ift of the airp.a"e is

o!tai"ed) The pi.ot &%st appreciate the V/ dia/ra& as descri!i"/ the

a..o#a!.e co&!i"atio" of airspeeds a"d .oad factors for safe operatio") A"'

&a"e%(er0 /%st0 or /%st p.%s &a"e%(er o%tside the str%ct%ra. e"(e.ope ca"

ca%se str%ct%ra. da&a/e a"d effecti(e.' shorte" the ser(ice .ife of the

airp.a"e)

Load factors in airplane design:

The a"s#er to the 4%estio" ho# stro"/ sho%.d a" airp.a"e !eD is

deter&i"ed .ar/e.' !' the %se to #hich the airp.a"e #i.. !e s%!jected) This is

a diffic%.t pro!.e&0 !eca%se the &a3i&%& possi!.e .oads are &%ch too hi/h

for %se i" efficie"t desi/") It is tr%e that a"' pi.ot ca" &a$e a (er' hard

.a"di"/ or a" e3tre&e.' sharp p%..%p fro& a di(e0 #hich #o%.d res%.t i"

a!"or&a. .oads) +o#e(er0 s%ch e3tre&e.' a!"or&a. .oads &%st !e dis&issedso&e#hat if airp.a"es are !%i.t that #i.. ta$e off 4%ic$.'0 .a"d s.o#.'0 a"d

carr' a #orth#hi.e pa'.oad)

The pro!.e& of .oad factors i" airp.a"e desi/" the" red%ces to that

of deter&i"i"/ the hi/hest .oad factors that ca" !e e3pected i" "or&a.

operatio" %"der (ario%s operatio"a. sit%atio"s) These .oad factors are ca..ed

.i&it .oad factors)D -or reaso"s of safet'0 it is re4%ired that the airp.a"e !e

desi/"ed to #ithsta"d these .oad factors #itho%t a"' str%ct%ra. da&a/e)

A.tho%/h the Code of -edera. Re/%.atio"s re4%ires that the airp.a"e

str%ct%re !e capa!.e of s%pporti"/ o"e a"d o"e6ha.f ti&es these .i&it .oadfactors #itho%t fai.%re0 it is accepted that parts of the airp.a"e &a' !e"d or

t#ist %"der these .oads a"d that so&e str%ct%ra. da&a/e &a' occ%r)

This 9)> (a.%e is ca..ed the factor of safet'D a"d pro(ides0 to

so&e e3te"t0 for .oads hi/her tha" those e3pected %"der "or&a. a"d

reaso"a!.e operatio") +o#e(er0 this stre"/th reser(e is "ot so&ethi"/ #hich

pi.ots sho%.d #i..f%..' a!%seG rather it is there for their protectio" #he" the'

e"co%"ter %"e3pected co"ditio"s)

The a!o(e co"sideratio"s app.' to a.. .oadi"/ co"ditio"s0 #hether

the' !e d%e to /%sts0 &a"e%(ers0 or .a"di"/s) The /%st .oad factor

re4%ire&e"ts "o# i" effect are s%!sta"tia..' the sa&e as those that ha(e !ee"

i" e3iste"ce for 'ears) +%"dreds of tho%sa"ds of operatio"a. ho%rs ha(e

pro(e" the& ade4%ate for safet') Si"ce the pi.ot has .itt.e co"tro. o(er /%st

.oad factors e3cept to red%ce the airp.a"eHs speed #he" ro%/h air is


9/35

e"co%"teredF0 the /%st .oadi"/ re4%ire&e"ts are s%!sta"tia..' the sa&e for

&ost /e"era. a(iatio" t'pe airp.a"es re/ard.ess of their operatio"a. %se)

*e"era..'0 the /%st .oad factors co"tro. the desi/" of airp.a"es #hich are

i"te"ded for strict.' "o"acro!atic %sa/e)

A" e"tire.' differe"t sit%atio" e3ists i" airp.a"e desi/" #ith

&a"e%(eri"/ .oad factors) It is "ecessar' to disc%ss this &atter separate.'

#ith respect to: 9F Airp.a"es #hich are desi/"ed i" accorda"ce #ith the

Cate/or' S'ste& i)e)0 Nor&a.0 Uti.it'0 Acro!aticFG a"d F Airp.a"es of o.der

desi/" #hich #ere !%i.t to re4%ire&e"ts #hich did "ot pro(ide for

operatio"a. cate/ories)

Airp.a"es desi/"ed %"der the Cate/or' S'ste& are readi.'

ide"tified !' a p.acard i" the coc$pit0 #hich states the operatio"a. cate/or'

or cate/oriesF i" #hich the airp.a"e is certificated) The &a3i&%& safe .oadfactors .i&it .oad factorsF specified for airp.a"es i" the (ario%s cate/ories

are as fo..o#s:

CATE*ORY 1IMIT 1OA,

Nor&a. 7)8 to )

Uti.it' &i.d acro!atics0 i"c.%di"/ spi"sF ;); to );

Acro!atic ?) to 7)

-or airp.a"es #ith /ross #ei/ht of &ore tha" ;0 po%"ds0 the .i&it .oad

factor is red%ced) To the .i&it .oads /i(e" a!o(e0 a safet' factor of >

perce"t is added)

There is a" %p#ard /rad%atio" i" .oad factor #ith the i"creasi"/ se(erit' of

&a"e%(ers) The Cate/or' S'ste& pro(ides for o!tai"i"/ the &a3i&%&

%ti.it' of a" airp.a"e) If "or&a. operatio" a.o"e is i"te"ded0 the re4%ired .oad

factor a"d co"se4%e"t.' the #ei/ht of the airp.a"eF is .ess tha" if the

airp.a"e is to !e e&p.o'ed i" trai"i"/ or acro!atic &a"e%(ers as the' res%.ti" hi/her &a"e%(eri"/ .oads)

Airp.a"es that do "ot ha(e the cate/or' p.acard are desi/"s that #ere

co"str%cted %"der ear.ier e"/i"eeri"/ re4%ire&e"ts i" #hich "o operatio"a.

restrictio"s #ere specifica..' /i(e" to the pi.ots) -or airp.a"es of this t'pe

%p to #ei/hts of a!o%t ;0 po%"dsF the re4%ired stre"/th is co&para!.e to


10/35

prese"t6da' %ti.it' cate/or' airp.a"es0 a"d the sa&e t'pes of operatio" are

per&issi!.e) -or airp.a"es of this t'pe o(er ;0 po%"ds0 the .oad factors

decrease #ith #ei/ht so that these airp.a"es sho%.d !e re/arded as !ei"/

co&para!.e to the "or&a. cate/or' airp.a"es desi/"ed %"der the Cate/or'

S'ste&0 a"d the' sho%.d !e operated accordi"/.')

V-n Diagram Calculations:-

a) V-n Diagram for maneuverability loads:-

9) V#$1.2 V"%&!'(

Vcr%iseK 97)88 &@s

VdK 9) 97)88 K 9;)?=&@s

2. L $ 1)2CL*2S

C1&a3L(eF K )7;

C1&a36(eF K 69)

SK98);8=&

?)7&

1 K )7; )>9)>? 9F98);8= K ?>);= N

7) + $ L)

"K ?>);=@7>?)7 K )99

S. No Vd "L(eF "6(eF

9 9 )99 6)9

);; 6)7?>

7 7 9)99 6)89

; ; 9)=8 69);?


11/35

> > )8 6

? ? 7)> 6

= = 7)> 6

8 8 7)> 6

7)> 6

9 9 7)> 6

99 99 7)> 6

9 9 7)> 6

97 97 7)> 6


12/35

-i/ ): V6" ,ia/ra& for &a"e%(era!i.it' .oads

b) V-n Diagram for gust loads:-

9) L $ 1)2C1 *S&

UK $ Ue


13/35

C1Ka K dC1@dF K ;)?;

UeK e4%i(a.e"t /%st (e.ocit' i" &@sFK)9;;&@s

VeK e4%i(a.e"t airspeed i" &@sF

/K /%st a..e(iatio" factor

K 7>?)7@98);8=F@9)>?)899)??;)?;F K =)9>

/ K )88=)9>F@>)7L=)9>F K )=7=

UK $ Ue K )=7=)9;; K ?)=7> &@s

1 K 9@ C1(S%$ )>9)>??)=7>998);8=;)?; K 7>89)>> N

" K 1@< K 7>89)>>@7>?)7 K )9>)

S. No Vd "L(eF "L(eF " Tota.

"L(eF

Tota.

"L(eF

9 9 )99 6)9 )9> )?; 6);7

);; 6)7?> )7; )=>7 6)??

7 7 9)99 6)89 );>> 9);?? 69)8

; ; 9)=8 69);? )?= );> 6)?=

> > )8 6 )=> 7)>?8 6)

? ? 7)> 6 )9 7)8 6)

= = 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

8 8 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

9 9 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)


14/35

99 99 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

9 9 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

97 97 7)> 6 6 7)8 6)

-i/ )7: V6" ,ia/ra& for /%st .oads

c) Combined V-n Diagram :-

It i"c.%des !oth the /%st .oads a"d the &a"e%(era!i.it' .oads as

sho#" i" the fi/%re)

-i/ );: Co&!i"ed V6" ,ia/ra&


15/35

-ro& the /raph0 it ca" !e co"c.%ded that the &a3i&%& positi(e

.oad factor is 7)8 a"d &a3i&%& "e/ati(e .oad factor is 6))


16/35

STRUCTURA1 ,ESI*N STU,Y6T+EORY APPROAC+

1ift .oad o" each #i"/ K )7@ K 9)?> $/)

The shr%"$Hs c%r(e is /i(e" !'0

K a cos tK99)7 cos t

YK ! si"tK>)?> si"t

1ift .oad at root K


17/35

>)> ;>)=?

=)> >79)>7

8);? ?7=)>

)8= =;7)=>

99)7 8>9)>9

a) ing structural weight distribution :-

Root chord '9F K )97=&

Tip chord 'F K 9)?&

9K &

K 99)7@K >)?>&

E4%atio" of chord distri!%tio" o(er the spa" of the #i"/ K'6'9F@'6'9F K

3639F@3639F K '6 )97=F@9)?6)97=F K 36F@>)=?6F

K 'K )97=6)98>;3)

,ista"ce fro& #i"/

root 3

Effecti(e chord c

)97=

9)>> 9);

)>9 9)?=

7)=?= 9);7

>) 9)?

?)=? )=7


18/35

=)>77 )=;

8)=8 )>8

9); )=>

99)7 );

Air .oad K9)88

Chord (a.%eK 9)??&

9)=?69)=;FF ?8)7F@ )?)7;F

4 K ;9)>=; $/@&)

c) Determination of structural load intensity :-

Str%ct%ra. .oad i"te"sit'K#@s3F


19/35

,ista"ce fro& the

f%se.a/e

Str%ct%ra. .oad

i"te"sit'

)? =)>;;

); =)8

9)8 ?)?9

9)? >)

9)? >)

)7 ;)

)?; );7

)8 9)8=

7)7 9?)>>

7)?? 9)

; >)9

d) !uel weight Distribution :-

A&o%"t of f%e. stored i" the #i"/ K 9)7K7=)87$/

Ta$i"/ di&e"sio" of the ta"$ fro& adp69


20/35

Shear force dia/ra& for f%e.:6

S-!K

S-cK

S-dK9>9)79)?8>K>=)9= N

S-aK>=)9= N


21/35

Be"di"/ &o&e"t dia/ra& for f%e.:6

BM!K

BMcK

BMdK6>=)9=9)?>@FK 698)7?8 N&

BMaK6>=)9= 9)?8>FK 6;7>N&

Shear force a"d Be"di"/ Mo&e"t ,istri!%tio" a.o"/ the .e"/th of the

#i"/:


22/35

S. No ,ista"ce Shear force Be"di"/ Mo&e"t

9 7)?>78

7)> >=);9 99)??

7 )8;> 9=)> 9)79

; );7 9=)799 9>);

> )?7 )8 98?)8=8

? 9)8? =8)=> =;)8?

= 9)9 7;;)?> ;)??

8 )89 ;)> >=7);

); ;?)> =>)9>7

9 ) >9?)7>> ;7)78


23/35


24/35

These are rei"forced !' tr%sses0 I6!ea&s0 t%!i"/0 or other de(ices0i"c.%di"/ the s$i") The #i"/ ri!s deter&i"e the shape a"d thic$"ess of the

#i"/ airfoi.F) I" &ost &oder" airp.a"es0 the f%e. ta"$s either are a" i"te/ra.

part of the #i"/ str%ct%re0 or co"sist of f.e3i!.e co"tai"ers &o%"ted i"side of

the #i"/)

Attached to the rear0 or trai.i"/0 ed/es of the #i"/s are t#o t'pes of co"tro.

s%rfaces referred to as ai.ero"s a"d f.aps) Ai.ero"s e3te"d fro& a!o%t the

&idpoi"t of each #i"/ o%t#ard to#ard the tip a"d &o(e i" opposite

directio"s to create aerod'"a&ic forces that ca%se the airp.a"e to ro..) -.apse3te"d o%t#ard fro& the f%se.a/e to "ear the &idpoi"t of each #i"/) The

f.aps are "or&a..' f.%sh #ith the #i"/ s%rface d%ri"/ cr%isi"/ f.i/ht) ;);= N6&

Ma3i&%& fai.i"/ stress Kf K S-&a3@S K >9?)7>>@98);8= K=)7 Pa

Tota. depth of the spar K trL ttF@ K )>; L)9=F@ K )9> &

Mo&e"t of I"ertia I3Kth7@9 K e67)9>F7@9 K 9)9>e6? &;


25/35

Radi%s of /'ratio" r K )9>@ K)> &

Area of the correspo"di"/ !oo& at )9> &K I@rK9)9>6?@)9>F

9 K 7)9?8e6> &

9L K Mh@F@f F K >;);=)>@=)7 K 79);=? &

K 79);=? &

Area of each 1 sectio" K @ K 9>)=78 &

Ass%&e di&e"sio"s of the 1 sectio" is

tK9&&!K>c&

hK>c&

Appro3i&ate cross sectio"a. area K>9Fe6> L >e6e67F K 9e6; &

Re&ai"i"/ area K 9>)=786)9 K 9>)=8 & )

Co"sideri"/ a"other 1 sectio" there #i.. !e >) Tota..' there #i.. !e >;K

!oo&s o" top side a"d !otto& side of the #i"/)

c) Components of !uselage structure:-

The f%se.a/e i"c.%des the ca!i" a"d@or coc$pit0 #hich co"tai"s

seats for the occ%pa"ts a"d the co"tro.s for the airp.a"e) I" additio"0 the

f%se.a/e &a' a.so pro(ide roo& for car/o a"d attach&e"t poi"ts for the

other &ajor airp.a"e co&po"e"ts) So&e aircraft %ti.i5e a" ope" tr%ss

str%ct%re) The tr%ss6t'pe f%se.a/e is co"str%cted of stee. or a.%&i"%& t%!i"/)

Stre"/th a"d ri/idit' is achie(ed !' #e.di"/ the t%!i"/ to/ether i"to a series

of tria"/%.ar shapes0 ca..ed tr%sses)


26/35

-i/%re ;): The


27/35

-i/%re ;)7: Mo"oco4%e f%se.a/e desi/")

Si"ce "o !raci"/ &e&!ers are prese"t0 the s$i" &%st !e stro"/ e"o%/h to

$eep the f%se.a/e ri/id) Th%s0 a si/"ifica"t pro!.e& i"(o.(ed i" &o"oco4%e

co"str%ctio" is &ai"tai"i"/ e"o%/h stre"/th #hi.e $eepi"/ the #ei/ht #ithi"

a..o#a!.e .i&its) ,%e to the .i&itatio"s of the &o"oco4%e desi/"0 a se&i6

&o"oco4%e str%ct%re is %sed o" &a"' of toda'Qs aircraft)

The se&i6&o"oco4%e s'ste& %ses a s%!str%ct%re to #hich the airp.a"eQs s$i"

is attached) The s%!str%ct%re0 #hich co"sists of !%.$heads a"d@or for&ers of

(ario%s si5es a"d stri"/ers0 rei"forces the stressed s$i" !' ta$i"/ so&e of the

!e"di"/ stress fro& the f%se.a/e)


28/35

-i/%re ;);: Se&i6&o"oco4%e co"str%ctio")

The &ai" sectio" of the f%se.a/e a.so i"c.%des #i"/ attach&e"t poi"ts a"d a

fire#a..)

O" si"/.e6e"/i"e airp.a"es0 the e"/i"e is %s%a..' attached to the fro"t of thef%se.a/e) There is a fireproof partitio" !et#ee" the rear of the e"/i"e a"d the

coc$pit or ca!i" to protect the pi.ot a"d passe"/ers fro& accide"ta. e"/i"e

fires) This partitio" is ca..ed a fire#a.. a"d is %s%a..' &ade of heat6resista"t

&ateria. s%ch as stai".ess stee.)

d) Design of component of fuselage:-

Co&!i"ed shear force a"d !e"di"/ &o&e"t dia/ra&:

1oadi"/ co"ditio"s:6

P9K8)9/GPK=)=/GP7K=)=/GP;K7)8>8?G49K9/@&G

/@&G 47K9$@&G /@&GK9>/@&

Ca.c%.atio"s:6

Ta$e &o&e"t a!o%t A0

RBK 9>)>F L > )=>L7)8>8?L=)=9)>L99)>6=)=9)>6

>7)98>L8)899)?8>


29/35

- 9);)>F)>

RB K 68)>>$/

RBK6;;)=>/

Co"sider this as e4%i.i!ri%&0

RALRBK9>)>L9)>L7)8>8?L=)=L>)>L9>)>L9)>)>L8)9L=)=

RBK78?)?8?/

Shear force ,ia/ra&:

S-FEK

S-F,K 69>)>F69)>FL7)8>8?6=)=

S-F,K6?9)7;9;/

S-FCK69>)>F69)>FL7)8>8?6=)=L>)>S-FCK677);;9;/

S-FBK69>)>F69)>FL7)8>8?6=)=L>)>L=)=

S-FBK6;9)9;9;/

S-FAK69>)>69)>L7)8>8?6=)=L>)>L=)=L9;89)>L9)>L>

S-FAK8)8>8?/

Be"di"/ &o&e"t dia/ra&:6

BMFEK

BMF,K 9>)>)>F L 979)>FBMF,K;>9)8=>/6&

BMFCK

9>99)8?9FL9)99)?9>FL)>9)7?9>)=FL;;)=>9)7?9>F

BMFCK9)8>/6&

BMFBK9>9)7>FL9)97)?>FL>9)7?9>9)7?9>FL;;)=>)

7FL=)=9)7?9>F

BMFBK;)77/6&

BMFAK9>9)7>FL9)9;)>>FL>9)7?9>7)9;7>FL=)=;)>L=)

=7)9;7>FL9;89)8F)98L9);89)?>;F6;;)=>;)>L78?)?88?);8

BMFAK


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-%se.a/e Be"di"/ stress a"a.'sis:6

The dia of f%se.a/e dfK9)9?>&

)=MPa asfro& data !oo$F MMAK77)79N6&K7)789

7N6&

AKM&a3@ f'K7)797@ =>)=9?)>8>F

AK9);?96>&


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,ETAI1E, 1AYOUTS

a) Coc"pit or !light Dec" layout :-

The fo..o#i"/ co"ditio"s p.a' a" i&porta"t ro.e i" the .a'o%t of

coc$pit or a f.i/ht dec$)

9) The pi.ot a"d other cre# &e&!ers &%st !e positio"ed so that the' ca"

reach a.. co"tro.s co&forta!.'0 fro& so&e refere"ce positio")

) The pi.ots a"d other cre# &e&!ers &%st !e a!.e to see a.. f.i/ht

esse"tia. i"str%&e"ts #itho%t %"d%e effort)7) Co&&%"icatio" !' (oice or !' to%ch &%st !e possi!.e #itho%t %"d%e

effort)

;) Visi!i.it' fro& the coc$pit &%st adhere to certai" &i"i&%& sta"dards)


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The #ord coc$pitH is associated #ith s&a.. to &edi%& si5ed

airp.a"es) The #ord f.i/ht dec$H is %s%a..' associated #ith .ar/e

airp.a"es

I" o%r aircraft the coc$pit e3te"ds for 7)8;& #ith a tota. #ei/ht of

7; $/ as ca.c%.ated i" adp69)

b) Cabin layout :-

The f%se.a/e co"sists of a s.eepi"/ %"it #hich is arra"/ed i" space

efficie"t &a""er) The' i"c.%de !%"$s e3te"di"/ .o"/it%di"a..' or

tra"s(erse.') The' ha(e d%a. &edica. s.eds) The &edica. pac$a/es i"c.%di"/

(i"'. f.oor a"d side#a..s ca" !e i"sta..ed per&a"e"t.'0 or o" a te&porar'

!asis a..o#i"/ eas' tra"sitio" fro& VIP tra"sportatio" to &edica. &erc'

&issio" a"d !ac$ to VIP tra"sportatio" i" a &i"i&a. ti&e) &)


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c) #aggage layout:-

The !a//a/e sectio" e3te"ds !ehi"d the ca!i" for a!o%t )=> &) It

&a' !e %sed as a stora/e %"it or for stori"/ e3tra f%e. re4%ires for .o"/

f.i/hts) The tota. #ei/ht of this sectio" is a!o%t 99$/)

d) Landing gear:-

The .a"di"/ /ear %sed is a tric'c.e t'pe .a"di"/ /ear) It pro(ides

&ore prope..er c.eara"ce) It has .ess dra/ a"d #ei/ht) It a..o#s #i"/ to

/e"erate &ore .ift for ro%/h fie.d operatio")

The .a"di"/ /ear &%st a!sor! the shoc$ of !ad .a"di"/ a"d s&ooth

o%t the ride #he" ta3ii"/) As there sho%.d !e &i"i&a. (i!ratio" for the

patie"ts to !e co&forta!.e0 #e ha(e %sed air o.eo str%ts a.o"/ #ith shi&&'da&pers)

e) ings and tail plane:-

The #i"/ co"fi/%ratio" %sed is a .o# #i"/) The &ajor ad(a"ta/e of a

.o# #i"/ co"fi/%ratio" is that the .a"di"/ /ear ca" !e direct.' retracted i"to

the #i"/ !o30 #hich is %s%a..' the stro"/est e.e&e"t of the aircraft str%ct%re)

-or .atera. sta!i.it' .o# #i"/s re4%ire so&e a&o%"t of dihedra.) The tai.

p.a"e t'pe %sed is a co"(e"tio"a. t'pe d%e to .o# #ei/ht)

T+REE VIE< ,IA*RAM


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CONC1USION


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Th%s the theoretica. desi/"i"/ of a SUBSONIC AMBULANCE

AIRCRAFT #as &ade as per desi/" sta"dards a"d the project report has

!ee" prepared #ith a.. of re4%ired data a"d i"for&atio")

RE-ERENCES

9) Per$i"s C a"d +a/e R0 Airp.a"e Perfor&a"ce0 Sta!i.it' a"d

Co"tro.D0

Adp II Report

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Transcript of Adp II Report