الحاسوب و البرمجيات الجاهزة · The main parts of the computer 1- Central...

املهارات األساسية

2010

Course contentSection 1: Information and communication technology

Chapter 1: Hardware

Chapter 2: Software

Chapter 3: Data transfer and computer networks

Chapter 4: Information technology in our daily life

Chapter 5: Security and protection

2/5/2014 chapter 1/ lecture 1 2

Course content

Section 2: Prepackaged software

Chapter 8: Windows 7

Chapter 9: MS-Word 2007

Chapter10: MS-Excel 2007

Chapter12: MS-Power Point 2007


Section 1: Information & Communication Technology

Chapter 1: Hardware

lecture 1


Hardware:-

This term refers to the Touchable parts of the computer,

such as keyboard, printer and mouse… etc.

Personal computers:

IBM produced in 1981, the first personal computer which

was one of the most popular type of computer. It was

cheapest price, small in size and high in capacity.

The two types were most famous:


Personal computers compatible with IBM:

The companies that are not IBM manufacturing computers and made it compatible with the specifications and it uses one of the versions of Microsoft's Windows.

Apple computers:

Which is called Macs, and it uses Mac OS. Which needs

a special versions of software.


Laptops and Palm Computers:

Laptops Computers:

Personal computer has the same size of

handbag. However, it is the highest price

for the possibility of transfer. There are smaller

computers have the same properties called Notebook.


Palmtop Computers:A small hand-held computers called

Notepads, its prices are Cheap.

hand-held portable digital devices:

Personal digital Assistant (PDA)

Mobile Phone

Smart Phone

Multimedia Player


The main parts of the computer

1- Central processing unit (CPU):-

The most important component of the computer and

sometimes called the processor . It is considered one of the

main unit that determines the capacity the computer and it’s

speed, which is measured in MGz or GHz. It has different

and separate units in order to perform various tasks in theCPU, such as :-


Control Unit:

In charge of the control, supervision, regulation and

coordination among all the other units.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):

In charge of the arithmetic operations and logical

operations, such as the comparisons that allow the

computer evaluates positions and make a decision.

Registers:

Is a special, high-speed storage locations, store data and

information temporarily to be used by ALU.


Buses:

It is a collection of micro Cables connecting different

computer units in order to pass and exchange of

information between these units.


2- Memory:-

Also called the main memory, Where data is stored temporarily and types of main memory are:

Random Access Memory(RAM):

Stores data temporarily and loses it’s contents after switch

off the power.

Read only memory:

Very small memory, stores software for read-only, such as

the Booting up.

BIOS memory:

Contains basic system software for Input / Output in the computer.


3- Storage Unites

Stores data and programs permanently, and the

most important Hard Disks, Which is the most

widely used, The hard disk is the main disk in the

computer, Which stores the operating system and

application software.


4- Input DevicesAre used for entering data and command to computer, the most

important the keyboard and the mouse.

5- Output DevicesUse to display data and command-that have been inserted into the

computer, Output could take the form of sound (speakers) and

image (monitor) and these units will be explained in the

subsequent lessons.


Input/output Ports

Ports:-Ports are the ending points, located behind the system unit and are

used to connect external devices and peripherals with the computer.

There are several types of ports, such as :-

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

Serial ports

Parallel ports

Network ports

FireWire ports


Computer Performance

Factors effecting Computer Performance:Performance of the computer means the CPU speed to

completion of the instructions or the work required, Thisspeed is determined by several factors, including:

Clock Speed frequency:

An essential component is directly connected to the

processor and controls on the work speed of the

processor, If clock speed increase, the number of

instructions executed by the CPU will increase, which

measured by MGz.


Random Access Memory (RAM)Size:If the RAM capacity increased it will increase the speed

of the computer and we notes change of the speed of the computer when we add additional memory.

Hard Disk speed:The speed of hard disk determine through the time access

to data, which is measured in milliseconds, If the access time decrease, that will increase the speed of data storage on disk or retrieve it.

Hard Disk space:Must be a sufficient free space available on the hard disk, otherwise the computer will be slow.


Defragment files:

Advised to Defragment to arrange the files and programs on

your computer to provide additional space on your hard disk.

CPU Speed:

The most important component of the computer and

sometimes called the processor . It is considered one of the

main units that determine the capacity of the computer and

its speed; Which is measured by MGz or GHz, and if the

processor speed have increased that will increase the speed

of the computer as we mentioned.


Number of Running Applications:

Which Running multiple applications at once called

multitasking, If the number of active applications at the

same time increase that will reduce the performance of

the computer, because it requires a larger memory

consuming.


الحاسوب و البرمجيات الجاهزة · The main parts of the computer 1- Central...

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