Post on 29-Jan-2021
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pmtkyftrnfwm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;
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rsufESmzHk; ESifh aemufausmzHk; yef;csD'DZdkif;oef;aX;armif
twGif; yef;csDum;rsm;xdefvif; (www.hteinlin.com)
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xkwfa0/ jzef@csd tGefvdkif;rdk;rc rmvfwDrD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJ (www.moemaka.com)PO Box 320-207 San Francisco CA USA 94132-0207
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yg0ifa&;om;=uolrsm;atmif'if/ a&$bkef;vl/ wm&mrif;a0/ rif;udkEdkif/ acvGef;/ udkòzd;/ rdk;v+difn/ ndrf;ndK/ yef'dk&m/ pef;pef;wif/
aEGql;vuFm/ xdkufolEdkif/ armiftdk;/ atmifa0;/ aebkef;vwf/ xifrif;rif;vwf/ cufrm/ bdk-unf/pdk;xufcdkif/ ar_idrf;/ rif;Zif/ jrifhpdk;/ yef;csD xdefvif;/ rif;vGif/ armifpGrf;&nf/ armif&pf
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1? tydkif; (1)usaemfeJ uAsma&;aom vlwa,mufta-umif; (odkr[kwf)a&$bkef;vl (odkr[kwf) wm&mrif;a0 12
2? tydkif; (2)a&$bkef;vl&J 1988 ta&;awmfyHkumvrSma&;cJhwJh awmfvSefa&; uAsm 4 yk'f 27
(1) ausmif;zGifhcsdef 29(2) ausmif;om; twKy`wWd 37(3) O'gef; 43(4) ar#mf 45
3? tydkif; (3)wm&mrif;a0&J uAsm&Snf 3 yk'f 47
(1) acgif;avmif;oH pmwrf; 49(2) opPmw&m;twGuf rD;tdrfwvHk;ESifh 59(3) rD;awmuf &pforf 71
4? tydkif; (4)psmye rSwfwrf;"mwfyHkrsm; 82
5? tydkif; (5)wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& uAsmrsm; 95
(1) -u,faºuG owdkom; (rif;udkEdkif) 97(2) wm&mrif;a0odk tvGrf; (atmif'if) 98
pOf ta-umif;t&m pmrsufESm
(3) xm0& tdyfaysmfoGm;wJh-u,f (acvGef;) 100(4) vlrkdufrsm;ESifh cGJcGmjcif; (udkòzd;) 101(5) arSmfom;rD;v#H (rdk;v+difn) 103(6) vGrf;qGwf-u,f (ndrf;ndK) 104(7) wm&maºuGwJhn (yef'dk&m) 105(8) wm&mrif;a0 (pef;pef;wif) 106(9) xm0&vif;r,fh wm&modk (aEGql;vuFm) 107(10) a&$bkef;vl (odkr[kwf) wm&mrif;a0eJ e,fpnf;rjcm; uAsmrsm; (xdkufolEdkif) 109(11) ta0;u yef;csDum; (armiftdk;) 110(12) vkvif-u,f (atmifa0;) 113
7? tydkif; (6)wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm; 115
(1) rdk;acgifwJhavmurSm tudkudk,fpm; usaemfwdk (aebkef;vwf) 117(2) usaemfrodaom wm&mrif;a0 (xifrif;rif;vwf) 119(3) E+wfqufjcif; (cufrm) 121(4) a&$bkef;vludk owd&jcif; (bdk-unf) 129(5) i&Jcef;u jcaoFh (pdk;xufcdkif) 133(6) -u,faºuGwyGifh æ (ar_idrf;) 137(7) udka&$bkef;vl ESifh wavSwnf;pD; (rif;Zif) 143(8) wm&mrif;a0 (odkr[kwf) jrm;xufjrifhatmif ysHwJhiSuf (jrifhpdk;) 153(9) yef;acwfu vrif;odk vGrf;csif; (yef;csD xdefvif;) 161(10) nDav;rGef tvnfvmwkef;u (rif;vGif) 171(11) wm&mrif;a0 eJ olarG;pm;tazta-umif; (armifpGrf;&nf) 179(12) 88 xJu wa,muf (armif&pf) 183
aus;Zl;rSwfwrf; 187
vrf;wlolrsm;csif;om'%f&mudk ðypkaoG;wdwfatmif ukovdk@'dk@aemufu vlawGvnf;owd&ae=uOD;awmhr,f æ
atmifcsdrfh
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;8
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
a&$bkef;vl (wm&mrif;a0)(1966 = 2007)twKỳwWd tusOf;
trnf&if;rSm cspfnDnDjzpfonf? 1966 pufwifbm 13 &ufae@ &efukefòrdwGif zcif(OD;ausmf&Sdef) rdcif a':vS=unf wdk@u arG;zGm;onf? armifESrrsm;tjzpf tudk cspfudkudk (atmif'if/U.S. Campaign for Burma, USA) ESifh nDr cifpENmrdk; wdk@ jzpfonf? 1986-87 wGif txu(2) &efuif;òrde,fu 10 wef;udk jrefrmpm*k%fxl;jzifh atmifjrif+yD; 1988 wGif &efukefwUodkvfv_dife,fajrwGif t*Fvdyfpmt"du ESifh ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1988 vlxkta&;awmfykH}uD;wGif ausmif;om;wOD;tjzpf wufºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh+yD; 1988'DZifbm - Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kdaumfrDwD0ifwa,muftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;a=umihf 1990 rS 1994 ckESpftxd tusOf;cscHchJ&+yD; 2005 ckESpf arvwGifvnf;rdom;pkESihftwl ,m,D txdef;odrf;cHchJ&onf?
ta&;tcif;umvtwGif; a&$bkef;vl trnfjzifhausmif;zGifhcsdefuAsm&SnfrSm xif&Sm;onf?tvm;wl tjcm;xif&Sm;aom awmfvSefa&;uAsmrsm;a&;om;ol ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf od&Sd=uonf?
axmifrS vGwfajrmufvm+yD; wm&mrif;a0 uavmiftrnfudkcH,l+yD; pma&;q&m uAsmq&mwOD;tjzpf pmayavmuwGif pwif&yfwnfcJh&m 1994 &ifckefoHr*~Zif;wGif avpD;a=umif;xJrS vlrsm;onf if;. yxrOD;qkH; pmrljzpfonf?
1995 ckESpf pmay*sme,fr*~Zif;wGifazmfjycJhaom tmvl;pm;olrsm; 0wKwdkjzifh jzL;rdwfaqGrsm; pmayqk &&SdcJhonf? 0wKwdk/ 0wK&Snf/ uAsmESihf aqmif;yg;rsm;pGma&;om;chJ+yD; if;.tcsKdaom 0wKrsm;udk AD'D,dk±kyf&Sifrsm; ±dkuful;cJhonf? armifa,m ESifh pefwD,m*dk uavmifcGJwdk@jzifh pmaya0zefa&;aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf?
,if;wdk@teuf armifrsKd;rif;(&ifwGif;jzpf) ±dkuful;I a'G;/ eENmv_difwdk@ o±kyfaqmifxm;aomaumif;uiftaºuG aumufwJhvuf/ 'g±dkufwm vGifrif; ±dkuful;+yD; aewdk;/ td¹ENmausmfZif
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 9
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
wdk@ o±kyfaqmifxm;onfh wudk,fawmfa&;wJh u}uD;cacG;wdk@ xif&Sm;onf? 'g±dkufwmarmifol& (Zm*em) ±dkuful;cJhonfh jrif;pD;xGufaom tdyfrufrsm; ±kyf&SifrSmrl jrefrmjynfwGif;YjyocGifh r&&SdcJhyg?
2007 =o*kwfv 5 &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ZeD; (uGm&Sif;) raemf[&D(pma&;q&mr) ESifh om; acwfae wdk@ usef&pfcJhonf?
wm&mrif;a0 a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;udk vufvSrf;rDor# azmfjyvdkufygonf?
1? yef;acwfu vrif;2? ta&Sòrd@±dk;rS rdk;a&pufrsm;3? vli,fwa,muf&JausmufxGif;&mZ0if4? jym5? yef;vufz0g;rSm yg;tyfcGifhr&SdwJh aumifrav;6? usaemfESifh {'ifuacsonf7? usaemfESifh a=u;oGef;,Ofaus;r_8? usaemfESifh =u,fjrifvjrif avmu"H9? ewfysKdrtwGuf yef; ('DZifbm 2000)10? udk,fhvufeJ@ zrf;rdwJh e*g;aiG@wef; (atmufwdkbm 2002)11? rdk;acgifvdk@ wD;wJhAHkoH (Zlvdkif 2004)12? òydifjrif;wdk@&J cGmoH (Zefe0g&D 2005) 'kwd,t}udrf13? usaemfwl;azmfcJhonfh ajrpdkifajrcJrsm; ta=umif; (pufwifbm 2005)14? a&$zdeyfrSm tpdrf;a&mif=uufajccwfeJ@aumifrav; (Zefe0g&D 2006) wwd,t}udrf15? aumif;uiftaºuG aumufwJhvuf (Zefe0g&D 2006)16? b,fbufvufxJrSm 0Sufxm;wJhyHkjyif (ZGef 2006)17? tmvm'if rodvdkufwJh rD;cGuf (Zlvdkif 2006)18? u|ef;awmfrS tjyef (=o*kwf 2006)19? 0uFygudk zGifhwJhaomh (pufwifbm 2006)20? jrif;pD;xGufaom tdyfrufrsm; (Edk0ifbm 2006)21? reufjzefcgrSm xm;cJhwJhrsufESm (Edk0ifbm 2006)22? igonfom yef;jzpfI aemufw}udrf jyefyGifhcGifh&cJhaomf ('DZifbm 2006) 'kwd,t}udrf23? usaemfESifh aqmif;&moD'\e (Zefe0g&D 2007)24? udk,fa&;udk,fwm yk&ydkuf (azazmf0g&D 2007)25? tvHrxlcJhaom vufrsm; (ar 2007)26? oifESifheHeufcif;udkom 0ifcGifhðyrnf (ZGef 200&) wwd,t}udrf27? ol@tdk;ykwfuav;udk usaemf jyefray;yg (Zlvdkif 2007)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;10
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 11
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
tydkif; ( 1 )
usaemfeJ@ uAsma&;aom vlwa,mufta=umif; (odk@r[kwf)a&$bkef;vl (odk@r[kwf) wm&mrif;a0
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;12
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(1)
usaemfhudkarG;+yD; 4 ESpfavmuft=umrSm araru usaemfhtwGuf nDi,fav;wa,mufxyfrHarG;zGm;ay;ygw,f? 1966 ckESpf/ pufwifbm v 13 &uf/ t*F gae@rSmyg? ol@udk arG;zGm;awmhivsifrv_yfygbl;/ av}uD;rdk;}uD; rusygbl;/ rdk;óud;awGvnf; rypfygbl;/ t&mcyfodrf;u yHkrSeftwdkif;ygyJ? usaemfwdk@rdom;pkrSm vluav;wa,muf wdk;wmuvGJvdk@aygh? jrefrmEdkifiHuawmhAdkvfcsKyfae0if; OD;aqmifwJh ppftkyfpdk;r_atmufa&mufwm 4 ESpfausmfcJhyg+yD?
usaemfhrdbrsm;u tr0rf;uGJwa,muf&Jpum;udkem;a,mif+yD; usaemhfudk cspfudkudk vdk@trnfay;xm;wmrdk@ ol@udkvnf; vG,fvG,fululyJ cspfnDnD vdk@ trnfay;vdkuf=uygw,f?araru usaemhfudk om;}uD;vdk@ac:+yD; ol@udkawmh om;i,fav;vdk@ ac:ygw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ ol@&Jtdrfemrnfu ti,fav; jzpfvmygw,f? oluvnf; pum;ajym&if ol@udk,foli,fi,fvdk@okH;avh&Sdygw,f?
usaemfeJ uAsma&;aom vlwa,mufta=umif; (odkr[kwf)a&$bkef;vl (odkr[kwf) wm&mrif;a0
atmif'if
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 13
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
aemuf 2 ESpft=um nDrti,fqkH;udkarG;awmh usaemfu 6 ESpfom;&Sd+yD; 0wKpmtkyfawG pzwfaeyg+yD? pma&;q&m rdk;a0 &J pHkaxmuf0wKawGzwf+yD; tvGwfpHkaxmuf wifarmifaqGeJ@ ol@&Jvufaxmuf rdk;pENmwdk@udk oabmusaecsdefrdk@ nDrav;udk cifpENmrdk; vdk@ trnfay;vdkufEdkifygw,f? usaemfrsm;vufOD;r_r&cJh&ifjzifh nDrav;crsm cspfrr jzpfvmp&mta=umif;&Sdygw,f?
om;orD; 3 a,muf&Sd&if t}uD;qkH;eJ@ ti,fqkH;u rdbarwmydk&+yD; tvwfu rdbarwmcsKdwJhw,fvdk@ajym=uwm =um;zl;/ awG@zl;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@rdom;pkrSmawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfyg?tvwfjzpfwJh ol[m rdbESpfyg;pvkH;&J tcspfqkH; eJ@ tvdkvdkuf tcH&qkH;yg? t}uD;qkH; usaemfeJ@ti,fqkH; nDrav;wdk@uawmh tqlcH&qkH;eJ@ rdom;pkwm0efawGudk trsm;qkH; r#a0,l&olawGjzpfcJhygw,f?
(2)
usaemfwdk@armifESr 3 a,mufpvkH; awmifOuUvmyòrde,f 9 &yfuGufu trSwf (10)tajccHynm rlvwef;ausmif;rSm oli,fwef;uae av;wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh&ygw,f?usaemfu ig;wef;wESpfudk awmifOuUvmyòrde,f tajccHynm tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf(3)rSmaecJh&+yD; 6 wef;uae 10 wef;txd &efuif; txu (2) pdef@rdkufu,frSm wufcJhygw,f?'ga=umifhvnf; usaemhf nDeJ@ nDryg &efuif; txu (2) ausmif;om;awG jzpfvmcJh=uygw,f?
a&$bkef;vl[m i,fi,fwkef;uawmh pmawmfwJh ausmif;om;wa,mufyg? twef;xJrSmxdyfqkH;rSm&Sd+yD; yxr/ 'kwd,/ wwd, qkawG pmar;yGJwdkif;rSm &cJhwmyg? wwef;+yD; wwef;rSefrSefatmifcJhayr,fh 10 wef;rSm wpfaeygawmhw,f? 10 wef;pmar;yGJudk av;}udrf/ ig;}udrfavmufajz&+yD; ESpf}udrfajz&wJh nDrav;xuf wESpfaemufus+yD; 1986-87 pmoifESpfusrSyJ10 wef;udk jrefrmpm*k%fxl;eJ@ atmifygw,f? 1988 rwfvta&;tcif;jzpfcsdefrSm usaemfu&efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrSm pufr_tif*sifeD,m aemufqkH;ESpf/ nDrav; u "mwkaA' t"du'kwd,ESpfeJ@ a&$bkef; u t*Fvdyfpm t"dueJ@ yxrESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvf vd_ife,fajrrSmausmif;wufae=uwmyg?
tJ'Dvdk 10 wef;pmar;yGJ wzkef;zkef;us&wmeJ@ywfouf+yD; azaz u rSwfcsufcsygw,f?uAsm a&;vdk@ æ wJh/ 'gvnf; rSefEdkifygw,f? ol tv,fwef; ausmif;om;b0rSmuwnf;uuAsmawG a&;aeyg+yD? a&;awmhvnf; jrefrmpm uAsm!Gef@aygif;usrf;}uD;awGudk taotcsmzwf¶_avhvm +yD;a&;wmyg? a&S;uAsm a&;[efrsm;udktwk,l+yD; av;csKd;awG/ a'G;csKd;awG/ tdkifcsif;awG/ &wkawG a&;Edkifygw,f? tJ'Dacwfu vlóudufrsm;wJh okH;a=umif; uAsmav;awG a&;ygw,f?tJ'Dacwfu ±kyf&Sifa=u;rHk wdk@/ *Dwya'om wdk@/ ,k0wD/ *Dw owif;pOfpwJh *sme,fawGrSmazmfjycH&ygw,f? pmrlc r&yg? pmapmifudk udk,fhydkufqHeJ@ udk,f 0,f&ygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;uol@uavmifemrnfu rD;cdk;jzL yg? 1982 rSm ol@&J rD;cdk;jzL emrnfeJ@ yxrqkH; r*~Zif;uAsmppfjyef r*~Zif;rSm yHkESdyfazmfjyygw,f? tJ'DuAsmuvnf; av;csKd;&Snf}uD;ygyJ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;14
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
jrefrmpmudk Edkifeif;u|rf;usifvGef;vdk@ twef;xJrSm ol@a&;om;wJh pmpDpmuHk;awG[m trSwftrsm;qkH;&+yD; q&m/ q&mrrsm;&J todtrSwfðyjcif;/ csD;usL;jcif;cH&ygw,f? òrde,ftqifh/wdkif;tqifh pmpDpmukH;òydifyGJawGrSm ausmif;udk udk,fpm;ðyyg0if&+yD; qkawGvnf; &cJhygw,f? ol@&Jt"dutm;enf;csufuawmh odyH̀qdkif&m ¶lyaA'/ "mwkaA'/ ocsFm wdk@udk pdwfr0ifpm;wmygyJ?'ga=umifhvnf; 0dZm/ odyH̀ bmompkHajz&wJh 10 wef;udk awmf¶HkeJ@ratmifwmyg? aemufydkif; 10wef;udk 0dZm owfowf/ odyH` owfowf/ cGJvdkufwJhtcgusrSyJ 0dZmwGJoufoufudk,l+yD;pdwfóudufjrefrmpm *k%fxl;eJ@ atmifygawmhw,f? t*FvdyfpmrSmvnf; *k%fxl;rSwfeD;yg;&vdk@&efukefwuUodkvfudk t*Fvdyfpm t"dueJ@ wufa&mufcGifh&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh 1988 rwfvta&;tcif;upcJhwJh vlxkta&;awmfykH}uD;u ol@&Jynma&;vrf;a=umif;udk tqkH;owfay;vdkufygw,f? b0wuUodkvfu ausmif;+yD;cJhayr,fh &efukefwuUodkvfuawmh ausmif;r+yD;cJhyg?
(3)
1988 vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD;[m jrefrmEdkifiHu oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom jynfolawG&Jb0awGudk t}uD;tus,f ¶dkufcwfajymif;vJapcJhygw,f? tJ'DxJrSm usaemfwdk@rdom;pkuav;vnf; ygcJhwmaygh? azazu EdkifiHa&;orm;a[mif;/ owif;pmq&ma[mif;}uD;jzpf+yD; om;orD; 3 a,mufpvkH;u wuUodkvfausmif;om;awG jzpfaewJhtcg ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_upcJhwJh EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;rSm usaemfwdk@rdom;pkwpkvkH; us&mae&muae wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh=uwmaygh?usaemfwdk@ nDtudkESpfa,mufpvkH; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif armifarmifausmfeJ@wGJzuf+yD;Armjynf jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&; vli,fwyfOD; (Burma Youth Liberation Front) udk &efukefwuUodkvf ZGefta&;tcif; wywf=umqENjyr_awGt+yD;rSm ajratmuf tzGJ@tpnf;wcktjzpfzGJpnf;wnfaxmifcJh=u+yD; e,fpyfa'otajcpdkuf awmfvSefa&;tzGJrsm;eJ@pwif qufoG,fcJh=uygw,f? armifarmifausmfuawmh ZGefvukefrSm xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyfudk v#Kd0SufxGufcGmoGm;ygw,f? tJ'D aemuf =o*wfpf 8 &uf vlxktHkºuGr_}uD; ay:aygufvma&;twGuf usaemfwdk@tm;vkH;jrefrmEdkifiHweHwvsm; c&D;awGxGuf+yD; jynfolawG ausmif;om;awG=um;xJrSm v#Kd0SufpGm pnf;¶kH;a&; qif;=u&ygw,f?
1988 'DZifbm/ Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyfudk jyefvnfzGJpnf;=uwJhtcg usaemfu 'k-OuUÏ (2)jzpfvm+yD; a&$bkef;vl u A[dkaumfrDwD0if wa,mufjzpfvmcJhygw,f? 1989/ rwfv 23 &ufae@rSm OuUÏ rif;udkEdkif tzrf;cH&/ {+yD 23 &ufae@rSm usaemf tzrf;cH&+yD;wJhaemufrSmawmha&$bkef;vlwa,muf ol@&J ausmif;zGifhcsdef uAsmeJ@xif&Sm;vm+yD; Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf&JA[dktvkyftr_aqmif aumfrDwD0ifwa,mufvnf; jzpfvmygw,f? tJ'Daemuf ol tdEdN,e,fpyfbufudk xGufcGmoGm;+yD; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;vkyfzdk@ óud;pm;ygao;w,f? tqifrajyr_awGrsm;vGef;wmeJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHxJ jyefvnf0ifa&mufvm+yD; 1990 azazmf0g&DrSm tzrf;cH&ygw,f? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;&J ppfa=uma&;pcef;rSm &uf&ufpufpuf nOf;yef;ESdyfpufcH&+yD;aemufppfcHk¶kH;u ol@udk tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif 5 ESpf csvdkufygawmhw,f?
Ð Ð Ð
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 15
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(4)
usaemfu tif;pdefaxmifxJrSm 1989 {+yDvuae 1990 arvtxd 13 v/ yk'fr 10 (u)eJ@ txdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD; 1990 arv 23 &ufae@/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfzdk@ 4 &uftvdkrSmrS tif;pdefaxmifwGif; ppfcHk¶kH;wif+yD; jypf'%fcscH&wmyg? 13 vvkH;vkH; rdom;pkeJ@ tquftoG,f r&cJhyg?jypf'%f 4 ESpfuscH&+yD;rS w&m;0if tusOf;om;jzpfvm+yDrdk@ ESpfywf wcg axmif0ifpm awG@cGifh&ygw,f? yxrqkH; axmif0ifpmrSmyJ azazeJ@ araruajymvdk@ a&$bkef;vlwa,muf axmif ig;ESpfus+yD; 5 aqmifrSm a&mufaew,fqdkwm od&ygw,f?
pawG@awG@csif; araru usaemfhudk om;}uD;&,f æ/ rif;nDav;udk rif;tem; ac:xm;Edkifzdk@óud;pm;=unfhyguG,f wJh? tJ'D tcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@ axmif0ifpmawG@&wJh tcsdef/ ae@&ufuvnf;rwlvdk@ azazeJ@ararcrsm wywfudk ESpf}udrfvm&ygw,f?
tJ'geJ@ axmifydkifwef;pDvSnfhwJhtcsdefrSm usaemfu usaemfhnDudk usaemfeJ@twlxm;ay;zdk@awmif;qdkawmh axmifydkifu cGifhðyygw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ a&$bkef;vlwa,muf usaemf&Sd&m 5 wdkuf(wdkuftrSwf 5) udk a&mufvmygawmhw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u usaemfu 5 wdkuf/ tcef;trSwf 19rSmyg? tcef;azmfawGu udkwifjrifh (OD;&JxGef; tr_wGJ)/ omauw NLD u jrifhaomif; eJ@ vSoef;wdk@yg? a&$bkef;vl a&mufvmawmh 8 ay/ 12 ay tcef;usOf;uav;xJrSm usaemfwdk@ 5 a,muftwlae=u&ygw,f?
ol a&mufrvmcifu usaemf pdwfylcJh&wm&Sdygw,f? oleJ@ usaemfu nDtudkt&if;awGjzpfayr,fh odyf+yD;wnfhvSwm r[kwfygbl;? olu 4 *%ef;orm;jzpf+yD; usaemfu 8 *%ef;orm;jzpfaevdk@vm;awmh rodygbl;? r=umc% jiif;ckef/ pdwfqdk;/ a'goxGuf/ &efjzpfaeusyg? 'Dtcef;usOf;uav;xJrSm xyf+yD;tqifrajy=u&ifjzifh usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufwifru usefwJhtcef;azmfawGyg t}uD;tus,f pdwfnpf=u&rSmyg?
'gayr,fh usaemf ar#mfvifhxm;oavmuf jy\em rsm;rsm;pm;pm; r&SdcJhyg? axmif0ifpmawG@zdk@vnf; twlxGufcGifh&cJhvdk@ azazeJ@ ararvnf; tweftoifh pdwfcsrf;omcJh=u&ygw,f?odyfr=umygbl;? nDtudkESpfa,muf wcef;xJtwl&SdaewmudkróudufwJh axmifrª;wa,mufuol@udk usaemfhtcef;xJuae okH;cef;ausmf tcef;trSwf 22 udk a&$ajymif;vdkufygw,f?
1990/ pufwifbm 26 &ufae@uawmh tif;pdefaxmifrSm ordkif;0ifwJh ae@wae@yg?a&G;aumufyGJt+yD; tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@jiif;qefaewJh e0w ppftkyfpkudk tif;pdefaxmifxJuEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGu wnDw!Gwfwnf; qENjycJh=uwmyg? 2 wdkufeJ@ trsKd;orD;aqmifawGupwifcJh+yD; usefwJhwdkuftm;vkH;u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; yg0ifqifE$J+yD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vkH; vGwfajrmufa&;eJ@ tm%mv$Jajymif;a&; atmf[pf awmif;qdkcJh=uwmyg?wdkufcef;usOf;uav;&J oHwHcg;udkrsufESmtyf+yD; 'Drdkua&pDaºuG;a=umfoHawG toHukefatmf[pf
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;16
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
cJh=uwmyg? tm%mydkifawGbufuvnf; &uf&ufpufpuf t=urf;zuf wkH@jyefcJhwmyg? wdkufcef;awGxJu tusOf;om;wcsKdudkqGJxkwf+yD; jyif;jyif;xefxef eHygwfwkwfawG/ cg;ywfawG/ vufoD;awG/ ppfzdeyf}uD;awGeJ@ ¶dkufESufcJhygw,f? tJ'DxJ a&$bkef;vlvnf;ygoGm;cJh+yD; jyif;jyif;xefxef¶dkufESufcH&ygw,f? tJ'DaemufrSmawmh a&$bkef;vludk axmiftm%mydkifawGu wdkufuaetaqmif 5 udk ajymif;a&$vdkufygawmhw,f? wdkuftm;vkH;u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH;udkvnf; axmif0ifpm 2 v ydwfvdkufygw,f? vlowfr_awGeJ@axmifuswJh ESpf}uD; &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGudk wdkufwef;pD;awGcef@+yD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf; tkyfcsKyfygawmhw,f?
(5)
'DvdkeJ@ a&$bkef;vleJ@usaemf axmifxJrSm uGJuGmoGm;+yD;wJhaemuf aemufw}udrf jyefqkH=u&jyefygw,f? 'Dwcgawmh tif;pdefaxmifrSm r[kwfawmhygbl;? &efukefuae rdkif 200 ausmfuGma0;wJh rauG;wdkif;twGif;u o&ufaxmifrSmyg?
axmifxJrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wa,muf[m wae&mwnf;rSm =um=umae&avh r&Sdygbl;? tm%mydkifawGu ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;jy+yD; wae&mu wae&m ajymif;a&$aewmyg?usaemfvnf; 1990 tukefavmufrSm 5 wdkufuae 4 aqmifudk a&$ajymif;cH&ygw,f? tJ'DtaqmifrSmvnf; 6 vavmufyJaevdkuf&w,f xifygw,f? aqmif;wGif;}uD; at;pufpufwnrSm tif;pdefaxmifu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; 99 a,mufudk o&ufaxmifudk ¶kwfw&ufa&$ajymif;vdkufygw,f? reuf 2 em&DavmufrSm vufeuftjynfhtpkHeJ@ tusOf;axmif0efxrf;awGu taqmifawGudk0dkif;+yD; tusOf;om;tm;vkH;udk tdyf&muEd_;+yD; yHkpHxdkifcdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmhrSaxmift&m&SdawGu axmifajymif;pm&if;rSmygolawGudk emrnfac:+yD; &SdwJhypPnf;,l+yD; xGufvmcdkif;ygw,f? wu,fawmh bmypPnf;rS ,lcsdefr&yg? udk,fhtdyf&mvdyfawmif jynfhpkHatmif rvdyfEdkifcJhyg? tom;vGwf}uD; }udrf;armif;aewJh 0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@udk EGm;tkyf}uD;armif;ovdkarmif;+yD; axmifAl;0udk ac:oGm;=uygw,f? axmifAl;0rSmawmh taqmifaygif;pkHeJ@ wdkufaygif;pkHua&G;cs,fac:xkwfvmwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; 99 a,mufeJ@ usaemfwdk@udkxdef;zdk@&nf&G,f+yD;usaemfwdk@eJ@twl axmifajymif;vdkuf&r,fh ESpf}uD; 0g&ifh&mZ0wftusOf;om; pdk;jrwfwdk@ qHk=u&ygw,f? 'D axmifajymif;tkyfpkxJ usaemfu 4 aqmifuygvm+yD; a&$bkef;vl u 5 aqmifuaeygvmygw,f? axmifAl;0rSm usaemfwdk@ tm;vkH;udk yHkpHqHyif nyf/ ajcusif; ¶dkuf/ +yD;wJhaemuftif;pdefblwmudk um;}uD; ESpfpD;eJ@ ac:aqmifoGm;ygawmhw,f? tif;pdefuae jynfudk avmfu,f&xm; tcsKyfwGJeJ@ac:oGm;+yD; jynf axmifrSm wntdyf&ygw,f? aemufw&ufrSm jynfqdyfurf;uae oabFmeJ@ o&ufudkac:aqmifoGm;+yD; tifrwefrSemrnfqdk;eJ@ ausmf=um;vSwJh o&ufaxmif}uD;xJudk usaemfwdk@ &efukefu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk ypfxnfhvdkufygawmhw,f?o&ufaxmif&J i&Jcef;rsm;ta=umif;awmh wae@usrS a&;ygOD;r,f? b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf usaemfwdk@nDtudkESpfa,muf o&ufaxmif/ taqmif 2 rSm jyefqkHpnf; =u&jyefyg+yD?
o&ufaxmifrSm usaemfwdk@ra&mufcifuwnf;u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wcsKd@ &Sdaeygw,f?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 17
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
a&Sae OD;aZmfrsKd;0if; wdk@/ ruo OuUÏ rif;aZ,s wdk@yg? 1990 pufwifbm 26 axmifwGif;qENjyr_}uD;udk axmiftm%mydkifawGu t=urf;zufòzdcGJt+yD;rSm &uf&ufpufpuf ¶dkufESuf+yD;olwdk@udk axmifajymif;vdkufwmyg? olwdk@tm;vkH; wdkufxJrSmae&ygw,f? a&mufa&mufcsif;usaemfwdk@tkyfpkxJu 10 a,mufudk wdkufxJydk@vdkuf+yD; usefwJhvlawGudk taqmif 2 aqmifrSm&mZ0wftusOf;om;awGeJ@ twlxm;ygw,f? o&ufòrd[m c¶dkifòrdjzpf+yD; &efukefuae rdkif 250ausmf uGma0;ygw,f? &efukefuaevmzdk@qdk&if yxr jynftxd um;eJ@jzpfap/ &xm;eJ@jzpfapvm&ygw,f? tJ'Daemuf jynfuae atmifvH udk um;xyfpD;/ atmifvH qdyfurf;uae oabFm(odk@r[kwf) ul;wdk@ormefpD;+yD; {&m0wDjrpf}uD;udkjzwful;+yD;rS o&ufudk a&mufygw,f? {&m0wDjrpf}uD; vd_if;}uD;csdefrSm jrpfudkjzwfzdk@rjzpfEdkifvdk@ a&+idrfwJhtcsdefxd apmifh=u&wwfygw,f?
usaemfwdktrsm;pku &efukefom;awGjzpf=u+yD; rE Wav;eJ@ yJcl;wdkif;rsm;u vlwcsKdvnf;ygygw,f? {&m0wDwdkif;eJ@ u&ifjynfe,fu zxD;}uD;awGvnf; ygygw,f? tif;pdefaxmifrSmwkef;uawmh rdom;pkawGu 2 ywfwcg axmif0ifpmvmEdkif=uayr,fh o&ufaxmif ajymif;vdkufwJhtcgrSmawmh yHkrSef rvmEdkifawmhygbl;? c&D;ua0;wJhtjyif ukefusp&dwfursm;vGef;awmh rdom;pkawG tawmf'kuQa&muf=u&ygw,f? wcsKdu 3 vrS wcgavmuf/ wcsKdu 6 vrS wcgavmufyJvmEdkifygawmhw,f? tJ'Dawmh rdom;pkuaxmif0ifpmvmawG@&if; axmufyHhwJhtpm;taomufeJ@ aq;0g;awGudkom tm;udk;tm;xm;ðyae&wJh usaemfwdk@twGufvnf; tqifrajyr_awG ydk+yD;rsm;vmwmygyJ?
(6)
usaemfwdk@a&mufwJhtcsdefrSm o&ufaxmifydkifu Adkvf}uD; aomif;!Gef@yg? a&Swef;ppfrsufESmrSm ausmif;om;wyfawGeJ@wdkufcJhzl;+yD; ta&;edrfhcJh+yD;wJhaemuf ol@q&m jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; AdkvfcsKyfbkef;jrifh&J apmifr=unfh¶_r_eJ@ axmifydkifjzpfvmwmyg? 'gha=umifh olu ausmif;om;awG/ u&ifawmfvSefa&;orm;awG/ EdkifiHa&;orm;awGudk rkef;ygw,f? +yD;awmhvnf; usaemfwdk@udk tif;pdefaxmifu qdk;vGef;vdk@ axmifajymif;vdkufwmvdk@vnf; em;vnfxm;ygw,f? 'gha=umifh oluusaemfwdk@tm;vkH;udk oHr%dpnf;urf;awGeJ@ wif;wif;usyfusyf tkyfcsKyfygw,f? olup+yD; &efvdkaerSawmh ol@vufatmufu t&m&SdawG 0efxrf;awGuvnf; usaemfwdk@tay: tEdkifusifhqufqH=ur,fqdkwm txl;&Sif;jyzdk@vdkr,frxifyg? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlae&wJh &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGudkvnf; av#mh&ufawG qkcsr,fvdk@jrLqG,f+yD; usaemfwdk@tay: tEdkifusifhcdkif;/ tjypf&Smcdkif;/axmufvSrf;cdkif;=uygw,f? a&qGJ/ qeftdyfxrf;/ awmif,m pwJh tvkyf=urf;awGudkvnf; aeylusJusJrSm vkyf=u&ygw,f?
'DvdkeJ@yJ usaemfwdktm;vkH;[m r=umc% axmifwGif;rSmyJ ¶kH;wifcH&/ tjypfay;cH&/ t¶dkuftESufcHae=u&wmyg? tJ'Dvdk zdESdyfae&wmudkrStm;r&ao;vdk@ aemufwrsKd; xyfxGifjyefygao;w,f? 'Dvdkyg æ?
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wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;18
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
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'D trdef@xGufvmawmh o&ufaxmifxJu tusOf;om;tm;vkH; rausreyf jzpf=uygw,f?EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGwif ruygbl;? &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGyg olwdk@&Jrdom;pk0ifawGa&SrSm udk,f&Jedrfhus&r_udk rjycsif=uygbl;? b,faxmifrSmrS 'Dvdkpnf;urf;rsKd;r&SdwJhtwGuf 'gaxmifydkifu oufouf tm%mtvGJokH;+yD; rw&m;vkyfw,fqdkwmudk oabmayguf em;vnf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh trdef@udkrvdkufem&ifvnf; tjypf&Sdw,fqdk+yD; axmif0ifpm tydwfcH&r,f/wdkufydwfcH&r,f/ t¶dkuftESufcH&r,f? 'Dawmh 'Drw&m;r_}uD;udk olwdk@tzdk@rSmawmh vufoifhcHvdkufem¶HkuvGJvdk wjcm;enf;vrf; r&Sd=uygbl;? 'DvdkeJ@ tJ'Dtrdef@u touf0ifvmcJh+yD; qdk;ygw,frdkufygw,fqdkwJh &mZ0wftusOf;om;wcsKd axmif0ifpmrSm/ olwdk@&Jrdom;pkawGa&SrSm ususeeyHkpHxdkif+yD; jyefvmcJh=uyg+yD? olwdk@tm;vkH;u usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG b,fvdk wkH@jyef=urvJqdkwm apmifh=unfhae=uav&J?
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 19
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
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axmif0ifpmvmwJhae@udk a&mufyg+yD? reuf rdk;vif;uwnf;u bk&m;&Sdcdk;+yD;/ bk&m;pmawG&Gwfzwf+yD; udk,fhudkudk,f pdwf&Sif;vif;atmif vkyf=uygw,f? b,foleJ@rSvnf; pum;rajymjzpfyg? 'DvdkeJ@ reuf 10 em&Davmuf axmif0ifpm¶kH;u 0efxrf;wa,mufeJ@ taqmifaxmifrª;a&mufvm+yD; usaemfwdk@ ESpfa,mufudk axmif0ifpmawGzdk@ vmac:ygw,f? nDtudkESpfa,mufpvkH; wòydifwnf;rawG&yg? wa,muf+yD;rS wa,muf awG&rSmyg? 'geJ@ wdkifyifxm;wJhtwdkif;usaemf t&ifvdkufoGm;cJhygw,f? taqmif¶kH;cef;rSmyJ usaemfu taqmifaxmifrª;udk owif;ydk@p&m&Sda=umif; ajymygw,f? axmifrª;ucGifhðywJhtcgusrS usaemfu usaemf 'Dae@ axmif0ifpmawG@&r,fhtcGifhta&;udk pGef@v$wfa=umif;/ axmif0ifpmawG@rSmr[kwfwJhta=umif; wifjyvdkufygw,f? ol rar#mfvifhwm=um;vdkuf&wJhtwGuf axmifrª;vnf; tvef@w=um; jzpfoGm;ygw,f?bmjzpfvdk@vJ vdk@ tarmwaum ar;ygw,f?
axmif0ifpmawG@csdefrSm q&mwdk@u yHkpH vdk@ atmfvdkuf&if usaemfwdk@u rdom;pkeJ@pum;ajymaewm csufcsif;&yf+yD; ta&;ay: yHkpHxdkif&r,fvdk@ trdef@xkwfxm;w,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@ od&ygw,f? tJ'Dvdkvkyfzdk@twGuf usaemhfrSm jy\em&Sdygw,f? usaemhfazazu touf 70 ausmfyg+yD/araruvnf; touf 60 ausmfyg+yD? olwdk@rSmvnf; ESvkH;a&m*g/ aoG;wdk;a&m*gawGeJ@yg? +yD;awmh[dk;ta0;}uD;uae usaemfwdk@udkawG@zdk@ um;wwef/ &xm;wwefeJ@ {&m0wDjrpf}uD;udkjzwf+yD;vd_if;awG/ avawG=um;u pGef@+yD;vm=u&wmyg? usaemfwdk@udk c%wðzwfawG&csdefrSmyJ usaemfwdk@olwdk@a&SrSm yHkpHxdkif&wmudkom awG@vdkuf&&if olwdk@ &ifusKd;=urSmyg? usaemhfa=umifh olwdk@pdwfxdcdkuf&/ a=uuGJ&wmrjzpfapcsifygbl;? 'gha=umifh usaemhf&Jaxmif0ifpmawG@&r,fhtcGifhta&;udk usaemf pGef@v$wfygw,f/ usaemf rawG@Edkifyg
axmifrª;vnf; bmjyefajym&rSef;rodjzpfoGm;+yD;wJhaemuf usaemhfudk taqmifrª; ¶kH;cef;rSmyJ 0efxrf;wa,mufeJ@xm;cJh+yD; axmifydkifxHowif;ydk@zdk@ xGufcGmoGm;ygw,f? 15 rdepfavmuft=umrSmawmh axmif0efxrf;awGwtkyf}uD;eJ@ jyefa&mufvm+yD; usaemhfudk axmifydkif¶kH;cef;qDtjypf&Sdolwa,mufvdk twif;qGJac:oGm;=uygawmhw,f?
axmifydkif ¶kH;cef;xJrSmawmh a'gotrsuf acsmif;acsmif;xGufaewJh axmifydkifu usaemhfudk}udrf;armif;ygawmhw,f?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;20
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
a[haumif æ rif; bm vlyg;0wmvJ/ 'g axmifuG/ igu axmifydkifuG/ igxkwfjyefwJhpnf;urf;udk rif; vdkufem&r,f
usaemfuvnf; jyefajymygw,f?
Adkvf}uD;/ axmif0ifpmawG@w,fqdkwm usaemhf&JtcGifhta&;yg? tck usaemhf&JtcGifhta&;udk usaemfhbmom pGef@v$wfwmyg
axmifydkifrSm ajymp&mpum; r&Sdawmhygbl;? axmifrª;udk 'Daumifhudk jypf'%fwdkufudk ydk@vdkufvdk@ !$ef=um;ygw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ usaemhfudk jypf'%fwdkufxJ ydk@vdkufygawmhw,f?
jypf'%fwdkufrSm tcef; 12 cef;&Sd+yD; wjcm;wdkufydwfcH&olawG tJ'DtcsdefrSmr&Sdvdk@ wwdkufvkH;rSm usaemfwa,mufwnf; &Sdygw,f? odyfr=umygbl;/ usaemhfab;u tcef;wcef; wHcg;zGifhoH/ jyefydwfoH =um;&ygw,f? 0efxrf;awG xGufcGmoGm;wJhtoH=um;&+yD; c%t=umrSmawmhudkudk/ b,ftcef;rSmvJ vdk@ atmfar;vdkufwJh a&$bkef;vl&JtoHudk =um;vdkuf&ygw,f? oleJ@usaemfeJ@t=um; tcef;wcef; jcm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ óudwifwdkifyifxm;wJhtwdkif;yJ oluvnf;ol@tvSnfhrSm axmif0ifpmawG@zdk@udk pGef@v$wfa=umif; a=ujimvdkufwJhtwGufa=umifh usaemhfvdkyJaxmifydkifu ac:awG@ }udrf;armif;+yD; wdkufxJydk@vdkufwmyg?
aemufem&D0ufavmuf=umawmh aemufwa,muf xyfa&mufvmjyefygw,f? oluawmh(1) aqmifu pnfolxGwf yg? pufr_wuUodkvf ausmif;om;wa,mufjzpf+yD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf&J A[dkaumfrDwD0if/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;wifxGwf&Jom;yg? ol@taruvnf; 'Dae@rSmyJ axmif0ifpmvmawG@+yD; oluvnf; usaemfwdk@vdkyJ yHkpH rxdkifcsifvdk@ axmif0ifpm rawG@csifa=umif;jiif;qefvdk@ axmifydkifu wdkufxJydk@vdkufwmyg? ola&mufvmwJhtcsdef[m ae@v,f wem&Dausmfaeyg+yD? usaemfwdk@udk b,folurS ae@v,fpmxrif; rau|;yg? wdkufcef;usOf;uav;xJrSmvnf; xdkifp&m 0g;zsmawmif r&Sdyg?
ae@vnf 3 em&DavmufrSmawmh usaemfwdk@ nDtudkESpfa,mufudk axmif0efxrf;awGuvmac:ygw,f? axmifydkif¶kH;cef;rSmawmh axmifydkif/ 'k axmifydkif/ axmifrª;}uD; eJ@ tjcm; axmift&m&SdawGtjyif usaemfwdk@&JrdbawGyg &Sdae=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@tcef;xJudka&muf a&mufjcif;yJ axmifydkifu usaemfwdk@rdbawGudk uJ æ/ cifAsm; om;awGudk cifAsm;udk,fwdkif ar;=unfh/usKyfwdk@u ¶dkufovm;/ r¶dkufovm; qdkwm
azazu om;wdk@ æ azazhudk rSefrSefajymprf;/ rif;wdk@udk axmift&m&SdawGu ¶dkufESufxm;ovm;? nOf;yef;ESdyfpufovm;
usaemfwdk@ ESpfa,mufpvkH;u t¶dkufrcH&ao;a=umif; ajymygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u a&$bkef;&Jb,fbuf rsufvkH;rSm aoG;ajcOaeygw,f? ntdyfwkef;u rsufvkH;em;udk ydk;aumif jzwfoGm;
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 21
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
vdk@/ ,m;vdk@ vufeJ@yGwfoyf&if;u jzpfwmyg? 'gudkjrifawmh araru ol@om; t¶dkufcHxm;&w,fvdk@xif+yD; [,f =unfhprf; æ/ ighom;av; rsufvkH;rSm aoG;ajcOaeygvm;/ om;av;/om;av;udk olwdk@¶dkufxm;ovm;qdk+yD; pdk;&drfw}uD; ar;ygw,f? 'geJ@yJ a&$bkef;u ol nutdyf&if; rsufvkH;udk vufeJ@yGwfrdvdk@jzpfwmygvdk@ tjrefjyefajz&ygw,f? azazu axmifydkifbufvSnfh+yD; tckxd t¶dkufrcH&ao;bl;qdkawmh igwdk@jyefoGm;&if rif;u ighom;awGudk ¶dkufrSmvm;
touf 70 ausmf azazu axmifydkifudk rif;eJ@ igeJ@ajymwmudk touf 40 ausmfaxmifydkif tawmfcH&cufaeyHkygyJ? a'gow}uD;eJ@ wkH@jyefygw,f? usKyf cifAsm;om;awGudkvufzsm;eJ@awmif rxdbl; azazu ol@udkr=unfhawmhbJ usaemfwdk@udk bma=umifh axmif0ifpmrawG@Edkif&wmvJvdk@ ar;ygw,f? usaemfu axmifydkif aemufqkH;xkwfjyefwJh axmif0ifpmawG@csdef rdom;pka&SrSm yHkpHxdkif&r,fhtrdef@udk&Sif;jy+yD; usaemfwdk@taeeJ@ tJ'Dvdk azazeJ@arara&SrSm yHkpH rxdkifcsifvdk@ tckvdk axmif0ifpmawG@cGifh pGef@v$wf&wJhta=umif; &Sif;jyygw,f?
tJ'geJ@ azaz u axmifydkifudk ar;ygw,f? 'Dvdk pnf;urf;rsKd; b,faxmifrSmrS r&Sdbl;/rif;u bmvdk@ 'Dtrdef@udk xkwf&wmvJ/ tusOf;om;awG[mvnf; vlawGyJ/ olwdk@udk vlawGvdkyJqufqHoifhw,f/ 'Dtrdef@uawmh tawmhfudk vlrqefwJhtrdef@yJ
axmifydkif a'goaygufuGJygawmhw,f? 'g usKyf axmif/ usKyf óudufovdk tkyfcsKyfr,f/usKyfóudufovdk trdef@xkwfr,f/ cifAsm; bmrS ajymp&mrvdkbl;? cifAsm;om;awG 'DaxmifxJrSm&Sdaeoa&G usKyftrdef@udk emcH&rSmyJ
araru 0ifajymygw,f? at;uG,f/ rif;u 'Daxmifudk tkyfcsKyfaeovdk/ rif;u wdk@om;awGudk tkyfcsKyfaeovdk/ rif;udkvnf; tkyfcsKyfaewJhvl&SdwmygyJ/ rif;eJ@aqG;aEG;vdk@r&&if rif;udktkyfcsKyfwJhvlawGeJ@wdk@ pum;ajym&rSmaygh
axmifydkif quf+yD; onf;rcHEdkifawmhygbl;? awmf+yD/ awmf+yD/ cifAsm;wdk@ rauseyf&if óudufwJhae&m wdkif/ usKyf *¶krpdkufbl;/ a[haumifawG æ 'Daumif ESpfaumifudk jyefac:oGm;awmh/cifAsm;wdk@vnf; oGm;=uawmh æ
usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufvnf; uref;uwef; 'l;axmuf+yD; azazeJ@ararudk uefawmh=u&ygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufudk wdkufxJjyefxnfhvdkuf=uygw,f/pnfolxGwfudkvnf; ol@rdcifeJ@ axmifydkif¶kH;cef;rSm tvm;wl ay;awG@ygw,f?
aemufrS usaemfwdk@od&wmu azazeJ@ararudk axmift&m&SdawGu usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufu axmif0ifpmrawG@Edkifbl;vdk@ jiif;qefa=umif;ajymwmudk azazeJ@araru vufrcHygbl;? 'grif;wdk@ ighom;awGudk ¶dkufESufxm;vdk@/ olwdk@udk,frSm '%f&m'%fcsufawG&Sdaevdk/ ighom;awGuigwdk@udk rawG@apcsifwmyJ jzpf&r,fvdk@ azazu pGyfpGJygowJh? +yD;awmh axmifydkifeJ@ awGcGifh
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;22
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
awmif;awmh axmifydkifu awG@zdk@jiif;qefygowJh? tJ'DrSmwif 'DudpPudkwdkifr,fqdk+yD; o&ufòrdv,facgifu c¶dkif (c0w) OuU϶kH;udk csDwufoGm;ygowJh? (c0w) OuUÏu tawG@rcHayr,fhwm0ef&Sdolwa,mufu axmifydkifxHzkef;quf+yD; 'DudpPudk wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwfajz&Sif;zdk@ wdkufwGef;ygowJh? tJ'DtcsdefrSm &efukefuvmwJh tbdk;}uD;/ tbGm;}uD; ESpfa,muf olwdk@om; ausmif;om;tusOf;om;awGudk axmif0ifpmawG@cGifhr&vdk@ a'goaygufuGJae=uw,fqdkwJhowif;u o&ufòrdusOf;usOf;uav;rSm ysHESH@ausmf=um;aeyg+yD? tJ'D tbdk;}uD;/ tbGm;}uD; ESpfa,mufudk =unfhjrifcsifvdk@ o&ufaxmifa&Sudk pka0;a&mufvm=uolrsm;vnf; &Sd=uygw,f? azazu c¶dkif (c0w)OuU϶kH;udkoGm;r,fqdk+yD; jrif;vSnf;iSm;awmh vdkufydk@ay;csifwJh jrif;vSnf;orm; 5 a,muf 6a,mufavmuf &SdygowJh? vdkufydk@ay;wJh jrif;vSnf;q&m}uD;uvnf; c¶dkif (c0w) OuU϶kH;rSmapmifhay;/ +yD;awmh axmifudkjyefydk@ay;wJhtjyif ydkufqHay;awmhvnf; r,lbl;wJh/ 'ga=umifhvnf;aemufqkH;rSm axmifydkifu ol¶dkufESufxm;wmr[kwfwJhta=umif; oufaojyzdk@twGuf azazeJ@ararudk ol@¶kH;cef;udkac:+yD; usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufeJ@ ay;awG@wmyg?
wdkufudkjyefa&muf+yD; odyfr=umcifrSm usaemfwdk@&Jaxmif0ifpmypPnf;awGudk 0efxrf;awGuvmydk@ygw,f? azazeJ@ arar o,faqmifvm=uwJh tpm;taomufawG/ aq;0g;awGyg? txkyfawGtm;vkH;uawmh aoaocsmcsm&Smxm;vdk@ z±dkz&Jjzpfaeygw,f/ naeapmif;rSmawmh 0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@taqmifrSmusefcJhwJh tdyf&mvdyfawG vmydk@jyefygw,f? wdkufrSm usaemfwdk@=umr,fqdkwJhoabmygyJ?
wdkufrSmae&wJhumvawG[m usaemfwdk@nDtudkESpfa,muf&J teD;pyfqkH;/ tnD!GwfqkH;/wa,mufeJ@wa,muf em;vnfr_t&SdqkH; ae@&ufawGyg? usaemfwdk@ pum;awGtrsm;}uD;ajymjzpf=uw,f? twdwf/ ypPKy`ef/ tem*wf usaemfwdk@b0awG&J umvokH;yg;ta=umif;awG aqG;aEG;jzpf=uw,f? uAsmawG trsm;}uD; pdwful;eJ@a&;+yD; wa,mufa&;wJhuAsm wa,mufudk&Gwfzwfjy+yD; a0zeft=uHðy=uw,f?
nwnrSmawmh olu usaemhfudk ar;ygw,f?
udkudk axmifuvGwf&if bmvkyfr,f pdwful;xm;ovJ
usaemfu t&ifqkH; tvkyfwckck &Sm&rSmayghuGm/ azaz a&m/ arar a&m/ nDrav; a&m/olwdk@tm;vkH; yifyef;vS+yD/ tdrfrSmvnf; taºuG;awGwifaewm rsm;vS+yD/ 'DtaºuG;awG tjrefqkH;qyfEdkifatmif óud;pm;&rSmaygh
olu i,fi,fawmh axmifuvGwf&if pmayavmuxJ ajcpkHypf0ifawmhr,f/ pma&;q&mwa,muftjzpf &yfwnfawmhr,f
usaemfu aumif;ygw,fuGm vdk@ axmufcHvdkufwJhtcg olu i,fi,f udkudk@qDuwck awmif;csifw,f vdk@ ajymygw,f?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 23
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
bmrsm;vJuGm vdk@ usaemfuar;vdkufawmh olu æ wm&mrif;a0 qdkwJhemrnfudki,fi,fh uavmifemrnftjzpf okH;csifw,f? udkudk tJ'Demrnf i,fi,fhudk ay;Edkifrvm;´
wm&mrif;a0qdkwm usaemhf&Juavmif trnfcGJwckyg/ 'w qdkwJh uavmiftrnfeJ@uAsmawGa&;aewJhtcsdefrSmyJ pum;ajya&;&if okH;zdk@ wm&mrif;a0 qdkwJh uavmiftrnfudkarG;xm;cJhwmyg? 1986 avmufuxkwfa0wJh awmifOuUvmyòrde,f ESpfvnfr*~Zif;wtkyfrSmusaemhf&J acwf &J [moqdkwJh uAsmwyk'f wm&mrif;a0uavmifeJ@ azmfjycJh+yD;yg+yD? tckusaemhfnDu 'Demrnfudk usaemhfxHu awmif;cHaeygw,f? usaemf =unf=unfEl;El;yJ ,lyguGmvdk@ ay;vdkufygw,f?
(7)
wdkufrSm ESpfywfavmufae+yD;wJhtcg usaemfwdk@udk taqmifjyefydk@ygw,f? axmifydwfcsdefwef;pDae=uwJhtcsdefrSm 0efxrf;awGa&mufvm+yD;awmh wdkufcef;wHcg;awGzGifh+yD; usaemfwdk@udkypPnf;awGodrf;+yD; xGufcJh=uzdk@ajymygw,f? tJ'Daemuf taqmifudk jyefac:oGm;ygw,f? taqmifudkjyef0ifwJhtcsdefrSm axmifydwfcsdef vla&wGufzdk@ +idrfoufpGm wef;pDae=uwJh tusOf;om;tkyf}uD;udk jzwfoef;oGm;&ygw,f? olwdk@tm;vkH;u usaemfwdk@udk 0rf;omwJh/ aus;Zl;wifwJh rsufvkH;rsm;eJ@=unfhae=uygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm axmifydkifu axmif0ifpmawG@csdefrSm yHkpHxdkif&r,fhtrdef@udkjyef¶kyfodrf;vdkufyg+yD?
axmifydwf+yD; wef;ðzwf+yD;wJhtcsdefrSmawmh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGa&m/ &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGa&m/ usaemfwdk@nDtudkESpfa,muftem; 0dkif;tHka&muf&Sdvm=u+yD; usaemfwdk@udk aus;Zl;wifpum; ajym=uygw,f? trdef@¶kyfodrf;oGm;vdk@ tm;vkH; 0rf;omaysmf&$ifae=uayr,fh usaemfwdk@udk taqmifudkjyefydk@vdkuf+yDjzpfayr,fh usaemfuawmh pdwfxifhaeqJygyJ? axmifydkifu usaemfwdk@tay: wenf;enf;eJ@ taumuf=uHvdrfhOD;r,fvdk@ xifaeqJjzpfygw,f? usaemfxifwm rSefa=umif;odyfr=umcifrSmyJ odvdkuf&ygw,f?
aemufwywfavmuft=um ae@v,fbuf xrif;pm;+yD; taqmifc%ydwfcsdefrSm axmifrª;wa,mufeJ@ 0efxrf;awGa&mufvm+yD; a&$bkef;vludk ypPnf;awGodrf;+yD;vdkufcJhzdk@ ac:xkwfoGm;ygw,f? a&$bkef;vnf; ol@ypPnf;av;awG uref;uwef;odrf;+yD; vdkufoGm;&ygw,f? taqmifudk jyefa&mufrvmawmhyg? naeapmif;avmufrSm usaemfwdk@=um;&wmu a&$bkef;vludk o&ufaxmifuae om,m0wDaxmifudk ajymif;vdkuf+yD wJh? axmifydkifu tusOf;OD;pD;Xme !$efcsKyfqDpmwifygowJh? atmif'if eJ@ a&$bkef;vl nDtudk ESpfa,mufudk waxmifxJrSm twlxm;&iftkyfcsKyf&cufwmrdk@ wa,mufa,mufudk ol@&Jo&ufaxmifuae tjcm; axmifwaxmifudkajymif;a&$ay;zdk@ awmif;qdkygowJh? 'DvdkeJ@ usaemfwdk@nDtudkESpfa,muf o&ufaxmifrSm twlae&wJhumv tqkH;owfcJh&ygawmhw,f?
Ð Ð Ð
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;24
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(8)
usaemfu 1993 *sLvdkifvrSm o&ufaxmifu vGwfygw,f? a&$bkef;vlu 1994 azazmf0g&DrSm om,m0wDaxmifu vGwfygw,f? ol rvGwfcifrSm usaemf om,m0wDaxmif udk okH;}udrfoGm;+yD; a&$bkef;vludk axmif0ifpmawG@cJhygw,f? om,m0wDaxmif&J =urf;ñuwf &ufpufr_awGudk ol =uHh=uHhcH&ifqdkifcJhovdk ol@tifol@tm;eJ@ Edkifoavmufvnf; wkH@jyefawmfvSefcJhygao;w,f?
olvGwf+yD;wJhaemuf 1995 azazmf0g&DvrSm usaemf puFmylEdkifiHudk tvkyf&Smzdk@xGufcGmoGm;cJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 1996 rwfvrSm ESpfywf=um/ 1998 Zefe0g&DvrSm okH;ywf=um/ ESpf}udrfjyefcJhcsdefawGrSm oleJ@ jyefawG@cJhygao;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm ol[m wm&mrif;a0 qdkwJh atmifjrifausmf=um;wJh pma&;q&mwa,mufjzpfaeyg+yD? ol@&Jatmifjrifr_twGuf usaemf 0rf;om *k%f,l&ygw,f? 1998 Zefe0g&DvrSm ol@udkusaemf aemufqkH;awG@cJh&wmyg/ tJ'Daemuf usaemf jrefrmEdkifiHudk jyefra&mufjzpfawmhygbl;?
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 25
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(9)
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wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;26
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 27
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tydkif; ( 2 )
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wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;28
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 29
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 31
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 33
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 35
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wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;36
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atmif'if pDpOfonf? 39
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wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;40
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(4)tdrfx&HrSmwcgcg rif;rsuf&nfokwfwJhpkwfcsmcsm vG,ftdwfuav;acwfab; acwf'%foifhae&Smw,f æacwf vGwfvyfrSausmif;om; vGwfvyfr,ft&G,feJ@rvdkufatmifawG;ausmif;om;ta&;qdkwmrif;rSm r&SdcJhygbl;bk&m;acwfrSmqdk&if&[E WmjzpfwJhtxd vdrRmr,f'gayr,fh ætarSmifacwfrSmawmhtm%m&Sifudk zDqefw,fnDav;&,f rif;odyfrSefw,f æ
cH,lcsufudktajrmufqHvdk ypfazmufta0;qHk; tjrifhqHk;b0wqHk; rif;a&mufcJhw,f æppfarmif;oH=um;&ifcGmw&Syf&SyfjzpfcsifwJhacwf&J ppfjrif;uav;vdk rif;[m&mZ0ifudk xdk;cGJwdkufyGJudk 'kef;azmufrD;awmufql;jcpfacwfopfylaZmfawmfvSefwJh nDav;a&cGyfa'gif;taygif;&Jaumif;csD;=obmoHaprif;a&muf&mt&yfu =um;ygap æ
(5)nDav;a&&mZ0ifa&;&mpmtkyfydwf
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 41
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
awmfvSefa&;rSm tdyfawmhaemfpdwfcsoGm;yg
t&mtm;vHk;udk arhazsmufaoG;eJ@wnfaqmufwJh tkwf*lwvHk;wavmuvHk; vif;apom;uG,f æææææ
wdrfom;¶dk;&D'Drdkua&pD awmifwufvrf;u
cyf=urf;=urf;ausmufav;awGtjzpfpGJepfusefwifvdk@ æ atmifjrifrSmyg
ArmjynftwGufvdktyfwJh
vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDta&Szuft&yfrSmjcaoFhawG csDvm+yD
ppfjrif;awG òydifvm+yDcGyfa'gif;awG ysHvmae+yDav²²
nDav;&,f+idrf;csrf;pGmat;jrpGm
&Sif;oef@pGmaemufb0rSm jrifa,mif=unfhprf;uG,f
bmyJjzpfjzpf,rf;aiG@wvlvl=um;xJrSmrif;cspfwJh Armjynf}uD;[m
a'gif;tvHudk yef;vdk yefvdk@ vSvdk@ æa=omf æ
a'gif;tvHudk yef;vdk yefvdk@vSvdk@ygyJ æ nDav;&,f æ ? ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;42
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 43
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
jym0if;0dk;0g;wJhaqmif;ESif;rsm;uom
ordkif;&Jbmompum;jzpfr,fqdk&ifwvdrfhvdrfh c,Gif;wJh
aoG;ESif;pufawGwdk@ajrrSm rd_if;r_dif;a0a&mhr,f?
aool&J t±dk;awGu&Sifoludk bmvkyf&r,fvdk@tHhcsD;zGzG &nf!$ef;=uwm
ordkif;vdk@ qdk&r,f?
O'gef;
a7GSbkef;vl
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;44
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
&mZ0ifqkd;&Jt±dk;wGefoHb,fol@xHyg;
o,faqmifoGm;rvJ ESif;wdk@&,f?
'Dbuf urBmacwf&J&J&ifhwJh ordkif;a=umif;[m
wkd@jynfu ausmif;om;tavmif;awGqDrSm &Sdw,f?
om;aysmuf&SmaewJh tarudkol@atmufu ajru
arar vkd@ wkd;wdk;av; ac:aew,farar&,f arar&,f arar&,f?
Zmbk&if&J pepfqkd;a=umifhjynfhwefqmjzpf&wJh
±k&Sm;rav;[mtdyf&mxJrSm idkaew,f/
ae0if;&Jpepfa=umifholykefjzpf&wJh ausmif;om;awGvrf;ray:rSm wkdufyGJ0ifaew,f?
'Dae@yGJ[m±H_;±_H; EkdifEdkif
,SOfòydifjcif;om t"du qkdwhJ yGJr[kwfbl;olaoudk,fao tòydifE$J
0dnmOfcsif; ±dkufcGJwJhyGJ jzpfw,f?
a[h æ óud;pifig &ifaumh+yD; vmcJhr,f? ?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 45
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
jrefrmjynf +idrf;csrf;ygapaoG;pawG pdkvl;
tvHOD;rSm udk,fhtrnfcsdwfvdk@óud;pif&dyf0,f
usaemfwdk@ wdkufyGJ0ifaeygw,f?
ydwfrxm;&ao;wJhom;}uD;wdk@&J ausmif;pmtkyfrSm
a'gif;±kyfav;awG om;i,fqGJawmharar rsuf&nf0Ja&mhr,f?
&Spfq,fh&SpfckESpf&JvufeufeJ@ vG,ftdwfwdkufyGJrsm;
r_ef0g;jyma0urBmra=ubl;
bDvl;wacwf/ a'gif;wacwf?
wae@ae@avraoao;&if jyefvmcsifw,f
&ifcGifrSm axG;vdk@óudyg arar&,f?
jrefrmjynf +idrf;csrf;ygapaoG;pawG pdkvl;
tvHOD;rSm udk,fhtrnfcsdwfvdk@óud;pif&dyf0,f
usaemfwdk@ wdkufyGJ0ifaeygw,f? ?
ar#mf
a7GSbkef;vl
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;46
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 47
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
tydkif; ( 3 )
wm&mrif;a0 &J uAsm&Snf 3 yk'f
acgif;avmif;oH pmwrf;oPmw&m;twGuf rD;tdrfwvHk;ESifh
rD;awmuf &pforf
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;48
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 49
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(1)=u,fwm&mawG pl;pl;0g;0g;iHk@=unfhaewJh ua0nararh æ udk usaemfowd&vdkufwm ænOfhiSufawGu urBmtay:,HrSm vl;vmysHoef;va&mifudkawmifyHeJ@ wzsef;zsef;¶kduf=uw,f æ?
avmutwkrSm æ vlom;twkwa,mufudk,fhaygufc|ef;udk,fxrf;+yD; vrf;av#mufaew,farar æusaemfhtwGufawmh ararh&ifcGif[maomuuif;a0;wJh +idrf;csrf;a&; e,f ygtck æ b,frSmvJb,frSmvJ æ?
jrLr_efrdk;ESif;awGu a&$a&mifw0if;0if;awmufararhtkwf*ludk apmifha&Smuf=uvdrfhr,faumif;&mbHkodk@oGm; tm;vHk;udkarhxm;cJhygawmharar æ?
wm7mrif;a0
acgif;avmif;oH pmwrf;
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;50
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(2)usaemfrSwfrdor# æararhrsufvHk;[m aqmif;&moD qefvGef;w,fjrLawGzHk;/ ESif;pufawGzHk;aea&mifawGvnf; cg;ukef;atmif ¶kef;cJh&ayghopfudkif;ajcmuf}uD;u rD;awmufuav;udk arG;zGm;jymteE Wwdkifatmif axG;ydkufysKd;axmifoGm;ovdkarar[m æol@udk,foljzef@cif;+yD; usaemfhudk av#mufeif;cdkif;cJhw,f æ?
rkom;wv$m rm,mwxyf/ 0wf&nfwpufeJ@tdk æ cwWma& æykcufv$JaomvufawGeJ@ usaemfhudkpdkufysKd;cJh¶Hkomruolr æ udk,fwdkifu æusaemfhtwGufqdk&if ykcufjzpfjycJhw,f æ?
tartjzpfpkefa&opfpD;a=umif;/ awmifusacsmif;uav;at;vdk@ar$;vdk@ wnfcJhjyefw,f?
(3)ajcaxmufawGu avSum;xpftwdkif;wufoGm;+yD; ævlu æ avSum;ajc&if;rSm usefcJh&w,fb,folrqdkudk,fht&dyfxJrSm udk,fjyefcdkcsifvdk@r&bl;usaemfhudk arar jyefay;=uyg æ?
jyuQ'defxJrSm =u,fyGifhjya&;p&mrvdkwJhomreftnw& rGef;vGJtdkwckuararhudk vkoGm;w,f æ?
aeylt&yf&Jaumif;uifeuQwfjzLrsm;[mvif;tm;jyif;xef/ vli,fwa,muf&JESvHk;om;twGif;udkw¶SL;xdk; qif;csw,f æ?vufzrdk;eJ@ zsufzsuf vufz0g;eJ@ zsufzsufyg;ay:pD;wJhrsuf&nfpufav;uawmh ysufoGm;rSmyg'gayr,fh arar&,f æ?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 51
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(4)ararhrSm
emusifcJh&wJh *E W0ifouU&mZfrsm;qufxHk;&Snfvsm;vsm;eJ@ &SdcJhw,f æ?
i,fi,fwnf;u0vHk; b,frSmpzwf&rSef;rodwJhusaemf[m
ararhta=umif;udkvnf; ckxd pmvHk;raygif;EdkifcJhbl; æ?
ararhrSmbmomaA'rwl/ zwfwJhpmcsif;rwl/ cl;wJhyef;csif;rwl
rdwfaqGeJ@rwlwJh rdwfaqGawG&Sdw,f æ?
arar[mtuQ&meJ@azmfðyvdk@rpGrf;wJh/ ,Ofaus;r_tcef;cef;udk
v$rf;¶Hkzefqif;xm;oljzpfw,f æ?
usaemfharar[molrsm;ararawGxuf æ Edk@&nf ydkrxGufygbl; æ
'gayr,hf rsuf&nfawmh ydkxGuf&ifxGufr,f æusaemfuvnf; qdk;cJhw,fav æ?
(5)zkefr_ef@ysHpif æ
usaemfh&J pdwful;w,Of,Of wGif;a[mif;tck æ vif;Edk@awG atmif;ae+yDarar æ?
vGefcJhwJhtESpf 20 ausmfusaemf jrif;¶kyfpD;+yD;/ opfom;cGm}uD;eJ@ c&D;awGESif
ararhvufckyfoH wvGifvGifaygh æ?
pdwfrvdk&if aumif;bdGKifOD;xkyfudk qGJjzJ*spfum;awG wufeif;/ &xm;wpif;vHk; aqmifhuef
usaemhfxrif;yef;uef txltyg;arar cGH@au|;rSpm;cJhw,f²²?araru OHKzGvdk@ ref;r_wf&if
'kuQtaygif;[m wdwfqdwf+idrfoufusaemfha&SarSmufrSm a=umuf&GHpGm vufydkuf&yf=uw,f æ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;52
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
vluav;&Jtdyfcsdef wef/ AsKdif;a&Su ysHwJhrdk;tHk@aewJhrsufvHk;eJ@ ararhykcHk;rSm rSDwG,fidkufrsOf;
usaemfuvnf; tdyfykyf}uD;w,f æusaemftdyfwdkif; ararhAsKdif;uvnf; a&SrSmysHw,f æ?
usaemfhtdyfrufararhvnfwdkifudk zufvdk@aygh æ?
(6)[if;vif;yGifhaewJh usaemfh&ifbwfudk zHk;zdk@
tusôrSm =u,foD;wvHk;vdkae+yD æ arar æ?
i,fi,fuwnf;u æararu cHwyfvkyf/ usaemfu ol&Jaumif;vkyf
&efolawGeJ@ a0a0qmqm "m;csif;ckwfzl;w,f æ?
usaemfhb0 awmufav#mufarar[m cHwyfqefolwa,mufygyJ æ
usaemfhbufrSm &yfwnf/ umuG,f/ wdkufcdkufolrudkawmh jrm;tpif;pif;pdkufcJhw,f æ?
usaemfhudk tvdkvdkuf æ usaemfhudk r¶dkufusaemfhudk¶kdufvnf; usaemf ridk æ araryJ idk æ?
ararajymwJh aus;vufeDwdrwwfbJref;&if wap>rkef;vdrfhr,f
aq;rsufvHk;eJ@ =unfh æ wJh?
(7)avudkaveJ@r_wfwmurS vGJOD;r,f æ
usaemfhudk araru æynmvSvSwwfapcsifwm æ taotcsmaygh æ?
aumif;uifay:u v eJ@ Asnf;pmvHk;xJu vbma=umifhrwlwmvJ æ
usaemfeJ@ tazmfrsm;ausmif;awmfrSm oabmuGJjym;=u æ?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 53
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
usaemfu vlysif; æopfyifajc&if;rSm &yfvdkuf/ opfyifzsm;udk wufvdkufpmar;yGJawGrSm ætqifhawGu 1 rS 100 ra&&m æ?
wpwp ævli,foDcsif;/ ESif;qD"m;oGm;/ &if=um;pdkufepfusaemf[m awavukef;rSm uAsmq&mjzpfvmw,f²²?vli,fwa,muf&J&ifacgif;rSm ætdyfrufawG tajrmif;ajrmif;x æ*rBD&vrif;uvnf; 0dkuftkyfjzmqif;usaeawmhw,f²²?
(8)w&ufrSmjrLjymrd_if;r_ef/ tdyfrufudk apmifvdkðcHqJ æ=u,fawGtukefaºuGwJh nusaemfhtay: óud;jywfusw,f æ/usaemf æraysmfavvGifh/ &ifteifhqHk; aqmif;ESif;awG ajymif;jyefpD;arsmvm æ?
arar[m æusaemfjyefvmr,fh oef;acgif,Hudk jcH&Hapmifh=uyftvif;&JewforD;vdk æ rD;tdrfudkif+yD; apmifhaew,f²²?em=unf;yifhouf/ t&ufaomufvmwJh om;tarhtm; pum;rqdktarum; æ om;udk,fpm; rsuf&nfrJhpGm idk æ?
om; æb0qdkwm a&pD;xJuaA'g æ ra&&mbl;uGJ@'gayr,fh æar#mfvifhcsuf&J t¶kyfrsm;/ ta&mifrsm;/ t&dyfrsm;v$ifhrypfeJ@ odrf;xm; æ0dnmOf¶kef;uef wae@rSm olwdk@jyef&Sifoefvdrfhr,f²²?ararhpum;uusaemfh&Jrdk;cg;a&rsm;udkwpufcsif; æ wpufcsif; æ wpufcsif; æ csKdapcJh æ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;54
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(9)0gqdkyef;cl;/ pHy,fOD;wdk@ ar$;oufa0a0rkwfokefav&JrSwfwrf;rD;udkvnf; usaemf erf;cJh æ a&udkvnf; usaemf erf;cJh æ?
arar[m æjcHaxmifhrSm a'vD,mawGysKd;&if;rdk;pdkaewJhqHEG,fcufudk vufeJ@oyfwifolrvnf; &ifhusuf=unfvifaew,f²²?
ararcsKyfwJhZmr%D¶kyfeJ@ tusôcsnfr#if=urf;=urf;usaemf æ vrf;rSm0wf&ef æ?
EGm;u oliHk@pm;wJhjrufawGudk0HykavGwaumif&JatmfoH=um;w,fvdk@ ajymqdkaeqJoGm;=updk@av æ
rkqdk;ajcaxmufrsm;eJ@ usaemfoGm;&m usaemfvdkufavqefawG ypfpvufcwfwdkufwJh cifwef;y'dkif;yef;awGvnf; aAmif;vefatmif cg&rf; yGifha0 æ?
(10)om; æ1? wdrfawGysHwm rdk;ay:rSm bmeJ@rSr+idbl;2? wawmvHk;udkvnf; =unfh wyifcsif;vnf; =unfh wJh
ararhqkawmif; bk&m;ausmif;rS 0wfðyoHavmu"HtopfopfawGeJ@ jrifh¶dkif;rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;wjcrf;udk xdk;azmufusaemf qufav#mufaew,f æ (zdeyfvnf; tcgcgaygufcJh)
naygif; 14000uFygawmif=um;rSm æ uHewfbk&m;eJ@ pD;csif;xdk;usaemfóud;pm;/ trSm;rsm;vnf; csif;csif;eD æ?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 55
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
{&m0wD arar/ ydawmufyif[m ararza,mif;wdkifjzLjzL[m arar/ eHeufcif;a=u;¶kyf[m arar æ?
ck æ ararqHk;+yDqdkwJh owif;rSmusaemf[m t&m&m0if;&Sif;aygufuGJ æ eDvJh æ
vlwqHk; æ 0dnmOfwqHk;/ tºuGif;rJh Akef;Akef;vJusarar æ
(11)arar[m æ em&DoHeJ@ tdyf/ em&DoHeJ@ Edk; æ
b,fawmhrS xrif;tdk;a0ruswwfwJh rdef;rrsKd; jzpfw,f²²?
rD;avmifaewJh i&JyifysKdrSm/ yGifhtdkav;yrm/ 0g0gEGJEGJowWdopfawGeJ@ a0&JcJhw,f æ?
om;i,f&JrsufESmudktvuFmvdkvnf; zwf/ ykp>mvdkvnf; zwf
qdkvdk&if;udk csufcsif;&SmazGawG@wwfw,f²²?
vifr&Sdawmhayr,fhom;i,ftwGuf &ifcGifwck&SdwJhrdef;r
vluE Wm&wdk@&J ausmufwdkif/ ajrcdk;ajraiGudk ydkifw,f æ?(tvif;jymrSwfausmuftwGuf rifwaygufjzpfw,f æ)
(12)tarr&SdwJhom;rSmom
apwef&Jv$oGm;udk cg;oD;uGJ&St¶kd;ðryfatmif udkufòrdcJh&+yD æ?
rsufESmudk vuf0g;eJ@tkyf¶kHuvGJvdk@bmrSvnf;vkyfray;EdkifwJhae&m æ ta0;rSm æ
usaemfu æ [dk; æ ta0;}uD;rSm æ?usefwmawGuawmh bmrSrajymif;vJygbl;
rD;cdk;aiG@awGuvnf;¶dk;&mtajctaetwdkif;/ vd_if;xaumhvef
'&GwfwdkufysHwufqJ æ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;56
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
tarh&J ajcvdk/ vufvdk aecJhwJhaumiftarr&Sdcsdefrdk@ vrf;ay:rSm jyef@vdk@ usJvdk@ æ?
trSm;vuQ%m/ trSefvuQ%m/ bmeJ@rSvmrwdkif;wmeJ@tarqdkwm xm0& tuef@towfrJhw,fcspfaomarar æ aumif;&mbHkodk@ a&mufygap æ?(aumif;&mbHkwdk@.wHcg;onf rdcifrsm;twGuf yGifhapownf; æ)
(13)aemif æ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm=um&ifararhtkwf*ludk/ 0wf¶HkjzLeJ@ vlwa,mufvmr,fteufa&mifuwfjym; ryg/ vGrf;ol@yef;acG rygavxefvrf;rSm qHr#ifawG vGifh0J ætJ'Dvl[m æ om;yJaygh arar æb,foHo&mrSmjyef&Sm&if ararhudkawG@EdkifrvJ æusaemfha&SarSmuf va&mifawG auG@aumufvGef;vScsnfh æ?
tarhudk,fpm; ætarhudk,fyGm; æ=u,fpifrsm;udk vufz0g;eJ@yef/ jrif;cGmoHrSm tyfESHvdrfhqif;t0ga&mifrD;¶SL;rD;yef;vdkvif;+yD;rS aysmufr,f æ?
usaemf æarar ærm,mawmifajcrS '&rfwD;olrsm;/ rsufvSnfhwD;vHk;rsm;oDcsif;tuGJtp æ wyk'f+yD;qHk;oGm;yg+yD æ?arar æaumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap æacgif;avmif;xdk;oH wdk;wdwfvGifha0 æacgif;avmif;xdk;oH wdk;wdwfvGifha0 æacgif;avmif;xdk;oH wdk;wdwfvGifha0 ææ æ ææ æ ææ æ æ ? ?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 57
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(pDpOfol&JrSwfcsuf æ'DuAsmudk pdwful;cHpm;r_eJ@ a&;zGJ@cJhw,fxifygw,f? ol@pdwfxJrSm usaemfwdk@&Jusef;rma&;raumif;vSwJhrdcif}uD; ol@t&ifuG,fvGefvdrfhr,fvdk@ xifxm;cJhyHk&+yD;'D ararhvGrf;csif; uAsmudk óua&;cJhwmjzpfygvdrfhr,f/ olcspfwJhararu'Dpmtkyfuav;xkwfa0csdefrSm ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&SdaeqJyg? oluom ararhudkt&ifcGJcGmoGm;ESifhwmyg?atmif'if)
(raemf[&D &J http://www.manorhary.blogspot.com/ rS ul;,lonf)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;58
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 59
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
1?t&Sif æoif.ac:&mxyfcsyf æ ig æ vdkufygrnf?=u,fwyGifhudkqGJ,lighudk æ xlyg?
[dk;rSm æaotHhrl;rl;vluajrjyifay:u ol@t&dyfudkuysmu,m tdwfxJ,laumufvufonf;awGawmif acGacgufae+yD?'DrSm æOD;acgif;cGHxufqHjzLawG 0yfwGm;wufaewJh tbdk;tdkawmifa0S;usKd;udk &Da0=unfhai;ol æ bmawG awG;+yDenf;?
oPmw&m;twGuf rD;tdrfwvkH;ESifh
wm7mrif;a0
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;60
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
prf;a&udkiHk@aomufrSudk,fhrsufESmudk,f jyefjrif&aomvlrsm;tjcm; bmudkawG@pGrf;rvJuG,f?
twqdkif;bkwfukdvnfrsKdrSm oHikwfeJ@¶dkufvrf;rSm;vdkufaom c&D;onfrsm;oHo&m&xm;udk apmifhaeonf?
0g;wyif&dyfrSmjcaoFhwdk@yif tdyf0Hhygovm;?0g;wyif&dyfYolawmfpifwdk@ aysmfydkufcJh=u+yD?
tarSmifu euf.=u,fu vufrnfTc&D;a0;ovm;ig æ a&mufatmifoGm;ygrnfav æ?
2?aEG æ aEG rdk; rdk;wGif;xJrSm ESif;cJawG ykyfodk;aea&mhovm;?
aqmif;udkyef+yD;ajrmufjyefava&mufvmrSjyma0r_dif;tkyfa[m æ ESif;awG wqkyf+yD; wqkyf?
oJuEm&uoJawGeJ@zGJ@pnf;jyovdkrm,mavmurm,mawGeJ@ r_H&DtHkcsaew,f?
ausmufqpf¶kyfuacgif;ndwfjy¶Hkr[kwfvufckyfwD;+yD; vuftkyfcsDjywmig awG@cJhzl;+yD?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 61
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
aoG;pufawGaemufrSmvufonf;eDpuf&J&Jawmufjywm
ig awGzl;+yD?
u|JcsKdr_wf+yD;u|Jtkyfudk azsmfajzwm
aysmfp&mrS r[kwfyJuG,f?
12 óud;uaomavmu. ua0vufacsmif;rsm;
ightm; æ qGJac:ig æ rarG@aysmfawmhyg+yD t&Sif?
3?igonf æ wcgu za,mif;wdkifuJhodk@jzpf.
xdk@a=umifhrD;awmufudk cspfavonf?
rdk;.tjrifhudkrod æ [kudk,fhudk,fudk txif&Sd.?
trSefum; æajr.teufrSmyif a00g;qJ?
pD;arsm&mwGifaA'gudk ukyfzuf
teufa&mif v_dif;acgif;rsm;=um;rSma'gotrsufacsmif;acsmif;yGm;vsuf?
xkdaom æ rae@uigonf0gusifa[mif;EGrf; aevHk;udkxrf;I
awmifpG,fwef;rSm 0ifa&mufaysmufuG,fcJh+yD?
T,ae@ æ ig æ onfrD;cdk;uJhodk@ rdk;ay:xdk;wuf
E_wfqufxGufcGmtm;vHk;udk v$wfcscJhcsifyg+yD?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;62
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
igonf ig. bk&ifjzpfIigonf ig. jynfoljzpf.?
ighudk igu tkyfcsKyfIightvkyfudk ig vkyf&ayawmhrnf?
4?Oykofonf oDvusKd;awmh
bk&m;&Sdcdk;&if; &Sufavonf?
igwdk@onf æ vlom;rsm;jzpf.vufz0g;rSm
trSm;vuQ%m ygavonf?
[dkcsKd; æ onfauGc|wf,Gif;aom armif;wHjzifh a&$vsm;
vrf;av#mufaeaom ocFsKdif;rSwfwdkifrsm;jzpf.?
tyfcsnfESifhjyefcsKyfxm;aompuf¶kyf.tpdwftydkif;rsm;yrm
wcgwcgrSDwG,f&mvnf; rJhwwfonf?
tdk æ vlom;tm;vHk; csrf;ajrhygapom; ´´tm;vHk;xJrSm
igonfvnf; yg0ifcsrf;ajrhygapom;?
olwyg;udkvnf; cGifhv$wfudk,fhudk,fudkvnf; cGifhv$wf
tem&GwfrSefor#qGJc|wfz,f&Sm;=uyg?
eif;vmaom ajcaxmufudkajrr_ef@oJausmufwdk@u
cGifhv$wf=uovdkrsKd;¶dk;om;jynfh0
wa,mufudkwa,muf cGifhv$wf=uyg?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 63
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
5?xrif;0dkif;rSmv#mESifhcyfIpm;=uolrsm;oGm;=um;xdk;wH pl;=uavonf?
pyg;aph (100) ESifhoifvHkavmufygupyg;aph (101)aemufvltwGuf jzpfygapuG,f?
qifjzLawmfrSD+yD;awmhvnf;=uHrpkyf=uygESifh/=uHau|;+yD;awmhvnf;qifudkESmarmif; rðzwf=uygESifh?
anmif&GufawGeJ@rdk;wJha&tdk;pifav;yrmom,majrhcsrf;aeylvrf;rSm wGJac:=uyg?
trSefpifppfacgif;iHk@ay;vdkufjcif;[macgif;armhxm;&jcif;avmufanmif;nmvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg?
0ifoufESifh,lcJhor#xGufoufESifh jyefay;&rnf?'g æ urBmtp&JyxroDtdk&DyJjzpfonf?
iguawmh (&rnfqdkygv#if)aovGef+yD;cgrStiftm;wp jyef,loHk;ightacgif;udk igyJ zHk;oGm;csifawmh.?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;64
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
6?+idrf;csrf;a&;twGufawmhvif;yGifhjrifhjrwf&OD;rnf?xdk@twGufudk,fhudk,fudk wHjrufpnf;vSJ+yD;wzGm;zGm; a¹cGcsypf&rnf?
vufoD;qkyfjcif; æ qdkwmwkefcgjzLazsmh axmhvefauG;vkyfvufacsmif;awGtcsif;csif; jyefzrf;csKyf=ujcif;jzpf.?
udk,fhudk,fudk 'dkif;eJ@umxm;+yD;rSolwyg;udk "m;jzifh&G,f&Jv#ifol&Jaumif;[k rac:csif
wcguTvufwdk@ tvHvkcJh=u.?xkd æ qkwHqdyf,ck b,fqDcsdwfrnfenf;?
igh&dyfðrHudk¶kyfyHkpmwrf;bmrSruyfwrf;vrf;ab;rSm jrufjzifhaqmufrnf?
rmeudkajzavsmha&pifat;jzifh ig uefawmhygthH?ajcz0g;rS OD;uif;arwmjzLjzifh vif;vdkvSygawmhonf ight&Sif æ?
7?(avmu}uD;onf tHhzG,ftwd+yD;.?e*dkrlv wdrfonf[kxif&aom wGif;rsm;yifv#ifqif;=unfhcgrS euf&Sv_dufpm;ydkI æ edrfh0ifoGm;wwf.)
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 65
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
=uufajccwf æ .qHk&yfrSmae &Da0axGjym;aomnrsm;
rdk;cg;&eH@ oif;ysHaewwf.?
igha&SrSvlrsm;ighudkydwfIumxm;.
ighaemufrSvlrsm;ighudkwGef;I ausmfoGm;.?
xdk@aemuf æacsmufurBm;a&mufrS
a=umuftm;jzifh vSnfhjyefigESifhwzef æ
vlcsif;vJ=ujyef.?
atmifjrif=uygapuG,faea&mifva&mif jzef@cif;
tvif;wa0a0eJ@ae@awG nawG
+idrf;csrf;onfxuf +idrf;csrf;ygap?
olzkef;pm;vnf;ajrom;yef;uefrSm
aumufESHyifwdk@a0òzd;toa& wdk;onfxuf wdk;ygap?
olºuG,f}uD;vnf;i&Jjynfu "m;udka&Smif&Sm;ydkif;csifh
ESdrfhcstyfaom OD;acgif;jzifhjrifhonfxuf jrifhygap?
8?idkaºuG;zdk@twGuf
touf0ifvmaomvlrsm;opPmw&m;udk
[m;wkduf&,farmae=uonf?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;66
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
&Sifaorif;utpG,fw0if;0if;ESifh apmifhpm;oufwrf;u|HonfESifhwrvGefrSmtcGHcGmI pm;vdrfhrnf?
[dkpOfcguigonfvnf; pdk;a=umufausmufawmifudk yef;ESifhjyefayguf&if;ajcajrmuf vufajrmufajcmufjcm;zl;onf?
wkwfaumufr&Sdol æ ESifhcsKdif;axmuf r&Sdol ævrf;av#muf&efrSmyif'kuQcsif; rwl=u?
wa*smufa*smufESifh&$H¶kyfom;aumifrkqdk;vdkjyefavSmifonfharSmf¶HkaxmifacsmufrsufvSnfhq&mawG aºuGtHacgufaeonf?
rsufpdudkrSdwf+yD;udk,fxJudk wdwfwdwfuav;jyef=unfhaomtcgndKjym,Sufoef;wavmuvHk; teufa&mifv$rf;awmh.?
xdkodk@jzifhESif;&nfpdkaomr_dyGihfuav;.yifajc&if;rSmrmeudktdyfarG@csxm0& ig æ xm;cJhcsifyg+yDav?
9?avmu"Hw&m;ue*g;&Spfaumifyrm
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 67
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
ajrudkxdk;cJG avudkqGJjzJvlawGxJrSmysHoef;oGm;vmaeonf?
,Ofaus;r_t&wae&mwGif zdeyfpD;&aomigwdk@onf,Ofaus;r_t&yifwae&mwGif zdeyfc|wf&OD;awmhrnf?
bk&m;ajymwmudkrSig æ r,Hk&bl;qdkv#ifrm&fewfajymwmudkig æ ,Hk&awmhrnfavm?
tpdk;r&aomavmu.em&DpufoHudkvufwHwdk@u armif;ESifzefwD;eD; æ eD; æ eD;I vmcJh+yD?
rD;udk ausmfjzwfa&udk ausmfjzwfoHcsyfum0wf¶HkðcHvdk@ rvHkygbl;uG,f?
w&m;&dyfrSmpdwfudkxkwf+yD; zkefcg+yD;awmh æudk,fxJrSm jyefvnfaomhydwfoknuav;vdk+idrfoufwdwfqdwfae&rnf?
apwDtdka[mif;rSacgif;avmif;oH wkd;zGwdk;nif;tdk æ t&Sif æajrrSxaom ighudkjrifyg?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;68
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
10?tcsKdaomvlrsm;v,fxGefoGm;&if;
EGm;ay: tdyfae=uygovm;?tcsKdaomvlrsm;v,fxGefoGm;&if;
pyg;jzpfatmif pdkuf=uygovm;?
vlom;wa,muftaeESifhrkd;aumif;uifatmufrSm
cdkifrmuspfvspfwm0efausaom aywqpfr#awmh
jzpfoifhonf?
t&yf&yfrSvmaom avwdk@Yajrpdkufausmufwkdifwdk@
rwkefv_yf=uouJhodk@igwdk@ aeoGm;&rnf?
t&Sif,laqmifonfh=u,fwaxmifjrifhacgif 0if;yonfhnum;
v$v$azG;qGwfvSHoGm;wdk@udkyif acG!$wfapawmh.?
"rRaw;ukdaoG;tpufpufwkdifatmif jzef;qGwf
E_wfqufawmf&GwfqdkoHrsm;wdk;um us,fum ig æ =um;ae&.?
avjynfnif;wGifa&$tqif;jzifh oGm;ESifh=uolrsm;
OayuQmudkbmrSrajymbJ xm;oGm;.?
xdkolwdk@aemufig waumufaumufvdkufygawmhtHh?
xkdolwdk@aemuf
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 69
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
ig awmufav#mufvdkufygawmhtHh?=u,fa&mifauG@aumufxdkaom aumif;uifrsOf;a=umif;rsm;atmufrSyifightm;vrf;jyappm;awmfrlygavmh ²²² jrwfaom igh ²²²t&Sif? ?
(Ak< æ odk@)
(wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& http://www.taryarminwaimemorial.blogspot.com/rS ul;,lonf)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;70
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 71
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(1)tckvkd ævSyat;pufaewJhnrSmyJig æ ysKd;xm;wJh jrESif;qD[m æ=u,fw&m jcH&H+yD; aºuGusoGm;cJhw,f?
wdrfv$mrsOf;aumufawGuvnf;cspfolwpa,muf&J rD;tdyfrufrSma&$rsuf&nfawG pkdvufvm+yDvkd@r_dif;ndKaewJh aumif;uif}uD;ukdwD;wkd;ajym=um;vkdufw,f?
cspfjcif;arwWm[m æ [marSmfq&mwa,muf&Jed*kH;vkdaemufqkH;rSm ærD;ckd;vkH;rsm; jzpfoGm;a&mhrvm; æ vkdE_wfcrf;ukduf+yD; æ ig pOf;pm;zl;w,f?
rD;awmuf &pforfwm7mrif;a0
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;72
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
vli,fwa,mufukdðypm;zkd@b,fewfbk&m;xHrSm
eifhvufawG jzef@um;awmif;cHcJhovJ æigh&mZ0if cyfusJusJukd
i&JrD;xJ wGef;csvkdufcsifw,f?oHa,mZOf æ qkdwm
ta&m0ifvkd@raumif;wJh acG;uav;ygyJ æ?
avmu"H OD;wkef;u ætvGeft=uL;aomufcJhwJh t&ufwcGuf
ckrS æ pHy,f&Gufay:rl;vJ ætonf;uGJw,f æ qkdwm
oDcsif;av;awG wkd;wkd;nnf;&if;u æxd&ScJhwJh æ aoG;rJh'%f&m wcsufyg æ
okd;ausmif;om;&J cHEkdif&nfeJ@ewfbDvl;awG&J owd&jcif;rsKd;u
ighukd æ pD;rkd;xm;w,f æ?
puf±kyfukd 'l;axmufusapwJheifh&J æ rsuf0ef;pdrf;vJhrSm æ
ig æ b,fvkdrS arhr&wJhr[mvuFm wpykdif;wp æ &Sdaeav&J?
tJ'DvkdeJ@yJig jyefvnf csnfaESmifcJhygr,f æ
cspfaom æ zJóud;0guav;&,f æ(vufeufrygbJ æ
ppf0uFygrSm ig æ rwkduf&Jbl; æ)nHhw,fvkd@yJ æ
vufndK;xkd;+yD; ajymvkdufygawmh æ?
v#yfppfr#ifwef;vkd æylvif;jyif;xefvGef;wJh
ol±l;wa,muf&J ayG@zufr_awGxJ æck æ &xm;wkd@ O=oqGJvkduf=u+yD æ
æ +yD;qkH;oGm;yg+yD æ æ tm;vkH; +yD;qkH;oGm;yg+yD æwJh?
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 73
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
(2)ta&SavawGwkdufwkef;ucg;ukef;aewJh igwkd@&J jr&myiftkd}uD;[mwkef,ifcsnfheJ@pGm ,drf;xkd;aeawmhw,f æ?ausmif;awmf&J pnf;tjyifaESmif;&dyfawG opfvGifvGifeJ@xifa,mifxifrSm;vrf;ay:rSm igpOf;pm;wm æeifhta=umif; acgif;pOfrsm;pGmygyJ?
xdyfxm;&,f ætD*spfjyuQ'defxJurkd;wdrfawG &Gmr,fhae@eifeJ@ig jyefvnfqkHawG@=u&if'Dta=umif;awG ajymjycsifygao;w,f æ?
igu qyfjymylazmif;ukd ckdpD;+yD;jrifhrkd&fawmif}uD;eJ@wkdufrdrSmpkd;&drf&Smol r[kwfcJh æ/'gayr,fhavayGvrf;a=umif;rsm;rSwkef0g;azsmhat;opPmukd yJhwifoHeJ@yJ jyefay;EkdifcJhol æ?
ighukdowf æ igh&ifbwfukd xkd;cGJazmufvSef=unfhighvufoD;xJrSm uspfuspfygatmif qkyfxm;wJhoknwvkH;yJ &Sdvdrhfr,f æ?
0kdif,móud;awGaxmif;ceJ rD;yGifhjywfawmuf+yD;±kwfcsnf; arSmiftwdusoGm;wJhtE
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;74
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
b,fqDb,f0,f æ [pfatmf wrf;w&wm æbma=umifhygvJ æ?
tkH@ykH;cspfoDcsif;ukdrqkdcsifbJ qkd&wma&$&nfpdrfxm;wJh vufypfAkH;ukdukdufrsKd&ovkdygyJ æ vkd@tufuGJaewJh r,f'vif}uD;u æighukd ajymjyw,f?
tJ'DvkdeJ@ ærkd;ukd qef@ajrmufxm;wJhrrDEkdifaom urf;vufawG[m[kd; æ wkef;uvkdyJighqDrSm æ ajrr_efawG pGef;xifv#ufygyJav æ?
(3)vlqkdwm ævif;a0pdrf;jrwJh yef;nrsm;pGmxufo&Jajcmuf&m nwnukd æ ykdowd&wwfw,f
igaooGm;cJhvkd@&Sd&ifigh&JocFsKdif;*lrSm æ=uufajccwfwckukdomrSwfwkdiftjzpf pkdufay;xm;yg?wu,fawmh æ tJ'g[migodor# avmu"rRukdtºuGif;rJh azmfjyoGm;jcif;yJ jzpfvdrhfr,f?
[kd;i,fi,f æ ausmif;rajy;wwfcifwkef;uca&yGifhjyxm;wJh ocsFmwyk'fightay: ckeftkyf+yD;rifeDawG &JceJ okwfoGm;zl;w,f?
ig æ owWdaumif;uifrSm æ eDvGifxpfcsKef;wpf æ ESpf æ okH;
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 75
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
teuf±_dif;qkH; xkd;usypfvkdufw,f?xl;vSw,fawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;av æ
a=umufrufzG,f&m vlawG&Jr[mbkwf aA'ifxJrSmrS
iguvnf; t"dywdbGm; jzpfcsifcJhwmukd;?
tdrftjyef nrsm;pGmrSm æb,folrS rajymcsifwJhpum;awG ayG@ykduf
ukd,fhukdukd,f vlrkdufvkd@ jyefac:cJh&w,f?
1993 æ 1994 æighuAsmav;awG aqG;ajra=uuGJ
vrf;ab;tkwfckHay: vJusaew,f æ?
ESif;jrm;wvuf&J tqdyfeJ@edrdwfraumif;wJhykHjyif
rjrifbl;aom ae@rsm; æ nrsm;ydawmufykdif;zsm;rSm æ 0yfwGm;pk±kH;
ighukd æ csnfxkH;cJhwm æ(ck æ tcsdefwkdifatmif æ)
tvif;pdrf;wef;awG &pfzGmvkd@uG,f?
(4)òrdjyifvrf;auG@u
awG@cJhzl;wJh *spfypDawGvkdjzpfcJhor#ukd
&,fumarmum jyefajymEkdifwJh tusifhav;aoG;at;at;eJ@ óud;pm;arG;EkdifcJh+yD?
bmyJjzpfjzpfausmufacwf/ a=u;acwf
EsLuvD;,m; uifqm/ tem*wfacwftm;vkH;twGuf
aocsmwJh igh æ a=unmcsufuawmheifhukd xm0& cspfaer,fqkdwmygyJ æ?
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;76
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
xdyfxm;&,f æjzpfEkdifr,fqkd&if æ*E0if yef;yk&yk'frSm æeef;okH;tuQ&meJ@ jc,fr_ef;eifhemrnfav; pmokH;vkH;ukdpD&D oDukH;ay;csifw,f æ?eifhtay:xm;wJh igh&Jcspfjcif;arwWm[mrkd;ay:ukd OD;armh+yD;0if;ypGm vif;jrwkefcgaewJha&$0ga&mif rD;awmufrD;v#HvkdygyJ æ?
ausmif;a&Su pHy,f±kHrSmAD;eyfpf&J euQwfwkd@ wvufvuf jyma0r_efoif;ausmif;cef;wGif;rSm ævrif;uav; omcJhzl;w,f æ
cspfaom ausmif;oGm;azmf&Jyef;±kyfv$mukd ar#mfawG;&if;aqG;vsndK;acG ajzrajyolav; twKy`wWdjr&myif}uD; odygw,f?
urBmOD;vlwkd@vnf; (*leH&HrSm)i,fu|rf;rsufESma00g;ynm&Sif}uD;rsm;&,f æygVdpmvkH;awGeJ@ightay: rqkH;jzwfygeJ@OD; æ?
cspfolukdawmifcspfw,fvkd@ rajym&JwJhaumif æ&mpkwaxmifae&pfcJh æxkdokd@jzifh pum;rJhapownf;
jr&myif}uD;&Jnnf;wGm;oJhoJh oef;acgif,HiSufqkd;tkyfeJ@twl±kwfw&uf vef@ysHoGm;w,f æ?csKdwJhaom ausmif;om;b0
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 77
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
qEN&J rajyvnfr_teDa&mifrSwfwrf;wckeJ@ cspfoltwGuf yefopPma=omf æ ighukdav æem;vnfyg æ em;vnfyg æem;vnfprf;yg æ?
(5)tJh'Dae@&ufawGrSmrm&fewf&J b,fbufvufuteufa&mif usrf;csyfwykd'f[mighukd pD;eif;wkdufckdufzkd@jrif;uóud;wkd@ukd jyifvkd@ ovkd@aecJhaygh?
bmyJajymajyma&$eJ@puf0,fvkd@r&wJhaemufqkH;uvl&J tawG@tñuHrSm æoHr_efawG uyfygae&Jig æ bmukdrS ra=umufcJhbl;?
a[m'Davmu awmufav#mufausmufoifykef;ay:u okneJ@pm&ifAvmpmtkyfay:u oknu jrwfw,fwJhtJ'DatmfoHukd ig&,faecJhw,f?
rif;uaum æ bmvJvkd@teE WawGu 0dkif;ar;awmh1 æ 2 æ 3 æ 4 æ 5 æig æ tukefpOf;pm;w,f6 æ 7 æ 8æ 9 æ 0 æwckrSr[kwfbl;ightwGuf *%ef;r&Sdbl; æ?
aoG;eJ@,ufwJh uwWDygpvkdeDvG&Sif;awmufa=umufcref;vdvd vSywJhESvkH;om;u *DwoHpOfESif;q0d̂ mOfrSm wifwJhurnf;
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;78
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
vuG,fna&mufwkdif; æ ig*pfwmwD;aer,f æ?
usqkH;awmhr,fh ppfol&Jtkdui,fb0u "m;eJ@cspfolukd
jyif;&SpGm owd&vkdufovkdrsKd;eifhukd igowd&aew,f?
xdyfxm;a& æxdyfxm;a& æxdyfxm;a& æ
opfckwform;awGr&SdwJh wkdif;jynfrSmig æ v,form; jzpfcsifw,f æ
eif æ bk&ifr æ vmrvkyf&bl;aemf?
awmfawmf=um æwHpOfwvuf&J usifh0wfrSm
oefvsuftwGuf yef;cl;ay;cGifhrygvkd@ æ&GmZeyk'feJ@ rkd;a&xJ
ig æ wa,mufwnf;rsuf&nf0Jae&ygOD;r,f æ?
iguvnf; cufw,f æuAsmwyk'feJ@
aer0if tifyg,mb,f[m,lrvJvkd@ ar;vm&if
'kwd,t&mukd ig æjiif;w,f æ?
tJ'DvkdeJ@yJarSmufxm;wJh
igh&J uHaumf&Guf zJcsyfuav;awGavmu}uD;ukd tr#a0&if;
umvrsm;pGm æ =um+yDaumav æ?
(6)awmifndKrSm ysKd;wJhrkd;awG
eifhrsufESmvkH;ukd wkd;oufwJhtcg
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 79
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
awmifyifv,fu aA'gawG[maqmufwnf&mr& jzpfukef=uw,f?
a[; æ igajymr,f ææ æ tufqpfwdrfckd; æ wkd@rkwfokefukd E_d;yg'Dvlqkd;twGufvnf;rkd;=urf;wkd@ wpufpuf&Gmyg æ?
rxkdufwefolqkdwmvGifharsm&rSmygyJ æcGJcGmjcif;[m æc&rf;jymusnfzl;ukdtqdyfcsKdawG vdrf;okwfESvkH;om; wnfhwnfhqDcsdef&G,f armif;ðzwfvkdufw,f æ?
oufjyif;a0a0ca&wkd@ ESif;pufzm;vsm;rsuf&nfukdpm;wJhacsmufcsm;zG,f pum;rJhnig[m æ xufykdif;csKd;cH&wJhwjcrf;yJh vyJ jzpfw,f?
tdyfrufxJu urBmppfvkdt±kd;òydif;òydif;naetkdu æajrukd&Sdckd; æjrLckd;wkd@ aysmif;td!GwfwGJvli,fb0&Jn&dyfwkd@ r_efa00rf;enf;cJh&w,f?
tcifqkH; rjzpfcJhayr,fhtcifqkH;awGta=umiff; ajymwkdif;owd&rdaeus oli,fcsif;wa,mufqDig æ ra&mufa&mufatmif oGm;r,f æ?
+yD;awmh æ
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;80
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
c±dk;c±dkif æ vufzuf&nfqkdifav;rSmuAsmta=umif; pmta=umif;awGajym&if;ukd,fhukdukd,f jyefvnfzefqif;ypfr,f æ uG,f?
t&uform;uolwyg;ukd vGrf;qGwfwm&,fp&m r[kwfygbl;w&Hwcg&JjyefrvmwJholwkd@od=uzkd@aumif;w,f æ?
avnif;uav;a& æig cspfjrwf&wJh urBm&Jxdyfxm;ukdol@qHEG,fcufav;awGzGm;ceJ vGifh0JoGm;±kHwcsufavmuf tkH@onf; wkdufcwfay;yg æ?
avpD;xJrSmzGm=uJvSyae&Smr,fhol@&JauomqHjrukdta0;uae æ ±_dufar$; vGrf;qGwfyg&apOD;aemf æ?
(7)txD;usefawmifukd tkyfpkd;zkd@ewfjynfu &GmcswJhightwGuf æ tnw&rdk; æ a&aeygapawmh æ?
tJ'Dn[mwjcrf;yJh vutoufay;+yD; umuG,fcJh&wJhtvHrvSJrD n æ jzpfw,f?
jruf±kdif;u ærkd;ukyfpuf0kdif;ukd erf;r&ovkdrsKd;aeeJ@vu æwa,mufukdwa,muf rykdifqkdifEkdif=uovkdrsKd;
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 81
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
±kd;om;pGm æ wkd@a0;vkduf=uygpkd@?cspfolukd jrwfEkd;±kHeJ@t&m&mukd vufjzef@rdk; apmifha&SmufcsifwJhvli,fck æ c|if;csufeJ@ vufeufcsvkdufygw,f æ?
awavb0&Jyxrqk& trSm;awGukdvG,ftdwfndKxJ xnfh+yD;rD;tdrfvufqGJ æ&mZ0ifxJrSm c&D;quf&OD;r,f?
xdyfxm;a& æuacsonfwkd@&J aw;awGeJ@+idrfat;aysmf&$if xm0pOf csrf;ajrapom; æaumif;aom rkd;aomufcsdefYvnf;+idrfoufwnf=unfap æig æ qkawmif;ay;aer,f æ?
yef;cl;&if;oli,fcsif;awGeJ@ae&if; æpum;ajym&if; æoDcsif;av;awGqkd&if ærif; æ ighukd arhoGm;rSmyg æ?
ckawmh æ oGm;awmhaemfig cspfjrwf&wJh aea&mifjcnfawGeJ@ rdef;rysKdukdb0 qkdwJh rm,mEkdifiHtkdu æapmifhóudvkd@ aea&mhr,f æomrn vrf;cGJrSm æ0rf;renf;ovkd igwkd@E_wfqufreufjzefcgrSm æ atmifjrifygapreufjzefcgrSm æ atmifjrifygapreufjzefcgwkdif;rSm æ atmifjrifygap æxdyfxm;a&? ?
(wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& http://www.taryarminwaimemorial.blogspot.com/rS ul;,lonf)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;82
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
tydkif; ( 4 )
psmye rSwfwrf;"mwfyHkrsm;(=o*wfpf 7/ 2007 ck/ &efukef a&a0; ok\ef)
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 83
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
a&$bkef;vl (wm&mrif;a0)(1966 =2007)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;84
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
psmye vufurf; a=umfjim
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 85
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;86
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
rdom;pk&J trSwfw& vGrf;olyef;jcif;av;awGaygh æ
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 87
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
&Spfq,fh&Spf rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm; &J aemufqkH; E_wfqufpum; æ?
om,m0wDaxmifrSoli,fcsif;rsm;&J vGrf;olyef;jcif;
oltwGuf0rf;enf;jcif;rSwfwrf; pmtkyfav;
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;88
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
psmye udk vdkufygydk@aqmifay;r,fholrsm; 33 vrf;/ avxefukef;rSm pka0;ae=uwmyg?
psmyeum;udk udk,fwdkif vdkufarmif;ydk@ay;r,fh udkausmfol
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 89
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
psmyeum; udkjyifqifaewJhudkausmfol
udkausmfol eJ@ udkZm*em
raemf[&D eJ@roef;jrifhatmif
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;90
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
±kyfuvyfudk jyifqifae=uwJh udkausmfol eJ@ roef;jrifhatmif
rSefacgif;xJu wm&mrif;a0
±kyftavmif; udk o,faqmif=upOf
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 91
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
acwfaeav; ESifh raemf[&D
yef;awG=um;uwm&mrif;a0
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;92
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
om;&J psmyeudkoGm;r,fhazaz OD;ausmf&Sdef
oludk cspfcif=uwJhpmaye,frS yk~dKvfwcsKd
88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; rif;udkEdkif udk,fwdkif a&;zGJ&GwfqdkwJh=u,faºuowdk@om;
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 93
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
udkudk}uD; ESifh rif;udkEdkif
("mwfyHktcsKdudk tifwmeufu ,lygw,f?cGifhðycsuf rawmif;cHEdkifcJhjcif;twGuf av;pm;pGm awmif;yeftyfygw,f)
33 vrf;rSm um;r&vdk@ qüjyae=uolrsm;
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;94
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 95
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
tydkif; ( 5 )
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& uAsmrsm;
=u,faºu owdk@om; (rif;udkEdkif)wm&mrif;a0odk@ tvGrf; (atmif'if)
xm0& tdyfaysmfoGm;wJh =u,f (acvGef;)vlrdkufrsm;ESifh cGJcGmjcif; (udkòz;)
arSmfom;rD;v#H (rdk;v_difn)vGrf;qGwf=u,f (ndrf;ndK)wm&maºuwJh n (yef'dk&m)wm&mrif;a0 (pef;pef;wif)
xm0&vif;r,fh wm&modk@ (aEGql;vuFm)a&$bkef;vl (odk@r[kwf) wm&mrif;a0eJ@ e,fpnf;rjcm; uAsmrsm; (xdkufolEdkif)
ta0;u yef;csDum; (armiftdk;)vkvif=u,f (atmifa0;)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;96
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
atmif'if pDpOfonf? 97
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
oli,fcsif;rif;[m ,Hk=unf&mudk&ifaoG;vdkvnf; arG;cJhw,f?
oli,fcsif;rif;[m '%f&mawGudkqDrD;vdkvnf; xGef;cJhw,f?
oli,fcsif;rif;[m udk,fhtemudk,fhv#meJ@ jyefoyf&SifwwfcJh+yD;+yDyJ?
oli,fcsif;rif;[mudk,fhta&jym; udk,fv$mudk,fht±dk;udk tyfvdkaoG;udk,fh0wfpHk udk,fcsKyfvdk@ususee vScJh+yD;+yDyJ?
oli,fcsif;oGm;ESifh oli,fcsif;=u,ftpif;pif; aºuwJha[m'DuBmajr&J temw&awGudkpGrf;or# ukpm;zdk@igwdk@ ae&pfcJhOD;r,f?
=u,faºu owdk@om;
rif;udkedkif
oGm;ESifh oli,fcsif;aetpif;pif;ylwJhuBmajr&J '%f&mawGudkvufz0g;awGeJ@ umuG,fzdk@igwdk@ ae&pfcJhOD;r,f?
oGm;ESifh oli,fcsif;uBmajr&J a=uuGJjcif;"mwfjym;xJrif;&J uAsmawGrmwdumpDzdk@igwdk@ ae&pfcJhOD;r,f?
oGm;ESifh oli,fcsif;ausmif;eH&Hw0dkufa'gif;tvH jyefpdkufwJhwae@igwdk@ æ æ æ ? ?
(2007 -o*kwfv 7 &ufaeu wm&mrif;a0&J psmyerSm88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; rif;udkEdkifa&;zGJ&GwfqdkwJh uAsm)
wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm;98
rdk;rc pme,fZif;tzGJhu xkwfa0jzefhcsdonf/
nDav;=o*wfpf&J rkd;a&pufawGxJrif;uawmh cGJcGmoGm;cJh+yD
r_efr_dif;at;pufwJh aumif;uifrSmòyifjrif;waumif&J cGmoHawGom
yJhwi