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PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION IN PARTICIPATION DURING DELTVERY)

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3836936 RAMNM : MAJOR : MATERNAL AND NEWBORN NURSING; M.N.S.

(Maternal and Newborn Numing)

KEY WORD : FATHER ROLE / PARTICIPATION DI.JRING DELIVERY /

SATISFACTION

NANTHIYA THONGCHAI : EFFECT OF PROMOTION ON FATTIERS, ROLB

PERFORIvIANCE AND SATISFACTION IN PARTICIPATION DURING DELTVERY.

THESIS ADVISOR : ORAPIN CHAREONPOL, B.Sc-, M.Ed-, YIIWADEE LLJECIIA,

B.Sc., Ed.D. 95 P. ISBN 974-589-23+3.

The purposes of this quasi-experimental research were to determine the

effectiveness of fathers' role promotion toward role performance and participative satisfaction

&ning delivery. The purposive samFle was cunposed of 60 first-baby fathers whose wives

had vaginal delivered after anending antenatal clinic at Maharaj Nakhon Sri Thammar.at

Hospital during April to July 1997- Random assignment was done to divide the samples into

experimental and control groups with 30 subjects in each. The promotion program which

included given information, training and motivation, staxted with the exprimental fathers

when their wives were in third trimester of pregnancy- Both sample groups were allowed to

be with their wives during delivery. After childbirth, the subjects were interviewed for

c data and respnsed to two questionnaires, Fathers' Role Performance during

Delivery Questionnaire, and Participative Satidaction during Delivery Questionnaire. The

findings indicate that the fathers who recieve role promotion program perform more fathers'

role than the fathers in the other group significantly (p<-05). However, there is no statistically

significant difference of participative satisfaction dwing delivery between the experimental

and control group at p>.05-


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fisrrfiri'ruderulunr:drurudorurrorlursuynaoe 6'sriuffir'uftdo.rnr:dnurdr R1t

ristairuunurnfisrlounr:tniuilfinrd.r,rsiilr:sruioorrrf osfiflasionrlrdo.runrJlmuaynr?uJ

nolnololunr:firiud'rrulu:cuvnaootorfiormfohi riodrnouti.'ânr:io-ururrjiurj:.rnar

Rrn nrrnu'rurarfi urnu nr:rirnirurnrrnfi nrlunr: fi rirudrrulu:yurnaoe eiolil

AAgnrouilu?nonlt?otl

nqHailnurn

r'l:rudrruu Griedman, 1992: 21,1\ ncir?d{nr:fi'fl u1T{qor^n::ruwurm'jr dlnrudl 9o q o

tu u ry n l ?r u a il m u 1 m rl o { U n n a tu n r : n r : l d r u n ri t l n rfi r ttu ri r m uat l#nao l u qor^n : 5 il a 1il il vl

urvrrfu duquouorueorwqdn::ru'[drmrurydrnrvruryr?riohjriuduoqirTunr:iiqnnnQn

nriomaorunqfin::ru ldrfiuuulodrlunurn rfionr:uorYu uavournr4rnrruvf.rdruqnrdn

Rrrt n?rudltJr:o fr'gunrfi nr:udfr.roonrlxorrruai uasn'rrruaulo riun'o n',rdunnnrfiuq

tuuuotirrnriudotuymlyr rfionr:uoru:-uluumurnfildniuur rirh?qnnoriurfionr:rJfrrioAal 6d

il r oil ?{ il9r R 5 t lJ R 1ilnuu uu lJCopyright by Mahidol University

al <t tt

nquanl:r5ul{g

nr:6uuf nrurudrn:suru nr:rilduuuilasuqdn: : rufi riour?rsor:: durfl unarur

nrnil:saunr:ailrfonr:ilRoumr d.rdnuarrnr:nJduuurJawqor^n::ruorrrflunr:nJduu

uilardrunr:n:rrir nr:iuf u:'rgrlo rfiurodr'rlnodr.rmd.rrnionarulotirlur:nrrdur

fiu (cooaman, 1956 dr.rd.rlurnfiruai lrufrsrfi, ?s32:27) d.rtofulod (Thorndike, 1928t,

drrn'.rluqfifu 'firurri, ?slr: 27\ ldncirrd.rnqnr:6uuf'lr nr:riuurvrfrndulddrfio{

riuufin:riln$oruntdrudr{nrurasinlo nr:ldn:rrirdrovrirh?rfiornr:riuuflffiuasnr:

ldiunaoouunuii6rnrhffir;uuFuufi'rtiuTddiirdu ,iuruunuunr:6oufiJ:ynoud'rult!@ o1 A t ,t ^

q a S 4 9R'l: l9r::Jllilt:o.r:'t?9t1{1tra?tnon?'ltJdlJ t0 tR0nl:9touduo{ lounl:flRUlr.t1n?'ttJi

9

riufiqfnq:ord.rnndatardo drdrnrnfior:anud'r'irfinraddosrfindufiovaosrJfrrin^q

ornoo.rr.lfrrifiudrrrasrfiu'irfina6finvrfinduotirsuriuou6o;finnrurfiouarrlfr:ifiorrrn'rrruf

lilri rrf,fld qdru.rri, ?s22:82)

nq u fi na ufi su ol o1 u nr:rJ fl ffi n u

n'nrufiwo1olunr:rJfrrifi,rru rflunnrornr:g'r1o}flruqudrir.rru 0a6u:

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- - ! dr q - j j 9) a ila Aa h rdouaviJof,urirquriluiloir'ufirfiua{o.rrTln'rrruffrnfi6uav'hi6lunr:rJgrifi.rru ilno-ug.rlnrfluq - io qta 4a Gt q raoailodulirirhitfr nn'ltruvt-tnololunr:rJfr for^nu il:ynoud'lu nrrrudrr$oro{{'lu n'lruou

iuriuo^s nrrruflrrurlr iinuatvto'tit'm uavfl?rruiunr^nror drdorflurirufirfiur#o.rfitl

^unuuu'rrdilfrfA druflod'urirqu rflufloo-ufiflo{fi'ulilh?rfionarrhifi.ruololunr:

laoa d t '

rJfrl-or^.rru rfluriruto.tfrrurndoruuiorieurJ:ynouilo,r.:tu rJ:vnoudru nrrruhiqfir::n

n'rrruhirflu:yrfieru

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4l01nilquaililu1Yl nr: r€uuf uayfl ?'uJfl4{no1olu nurJfr rifisru oy r#u ld''irnr:

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rdofin'rrrunforuri.rdrudtnruuasfiolo ldn:srirdrrn$aao.r?lnrlfir.T6 uaytd:-rLflanouCopyright by Mahidol University

5

jaaj4jrtr.rodttlluvlo ?ltl9rRttilnttcfa{ooRfitoljlrljlmrlqnnaild9irooRua?d{flanon?1ild]150iloitrl'lu

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aoon?luTtinro t0 til nlrilaua{1u

nmfrt. nroilytrlufiuvrurm nr:riuuf n'lrrufiwo1rlunr:rJfrrifi.rruCopyright by Mahidol University

AGIAgJdttu?nolunr:T{uiltilulrJsrrruvrquflilnillvr nr:riuuf uayn'lruffrnololunr:rJfirifi

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r. rflu{riNrg (witness) mrurufil nqfin::runr:d{rnnornr: oqirflurffou 1#

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z. rflu{d'rrufiru 1T'u--ut";

dr u irr n rs uar afu ar1 u dru or: ru ai

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z.z n'nilzwirLrJ:vno.:dru6nlo niu rgeb?rird.rlo h?nerruriulo rirsnoel

{oryadrrer:

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ffifruair.riiu nsnuuulR rrrudrfiorfinarufiruololunr:firi'rudulu:susnaonillR

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il'l

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rfirunr.i.rud.r :'1il6{nr:nrsrirnr?rdqrrudruurir uaymrlrfiqrilfl?rilnro?ri.riirfiurdord'r

q n nauav dl n il Is u n r: n : v rirfr u oqj niu u: : rio gruao{r d{ n il (norm)

4 -^l----------3-- A o 3 4lrao @ {lJvtulvt l,nllun{ giltrljilnq9n55ilcr{QRti1filt0{ltnlilHACJOSnr:ililfldrufl=ui

r vil'j'l{ef ulolua;qn nadu ludtnru lviour qiyvtoil, 2525: 95)


l3

4railJltu'llt l,trJlud{ nCjXtOrnq6Rrrilfitrda{ooR9t1rulJr:vingru trasn?1iln'lev

t'ti.tiloldtnilntudo1unfltflo{Unflariu1 6Ny", 1976 cited by Friedman, t99z 2tz)

o-.tuJunoaqrJld'ir unu1illrrJlud{ nqfi n::rufi udn{oondrfindunrilrtou tr..^-.---y--4--i-*---_.-e- _4_^-___.-/---o-- p r 4 q A e a ottavflu'lyl1lil,iR5u1r'r nJoqnnart'lolt{91tl?tu.t?ttosluy lo16r{doon6o{RUil55yt9rg.luuas

'l@fr ?1lJ 9r o{ n 1: toitd{fl il

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2r2) R'ltttdoilltltlrmtflunatlnnrdqnnald:-udvrfinaornfirrasdorufioyncioilaoil

flqfinttilolruiid.rnrudotnr: doorru.roffidfilh?rfioR'l:rdq{unil1nrilil'lsdrriurfinduqvl @

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nxlrrd1ul:rf rigunfi Rliudq{oonnl{o1;u0f uasn?tildulo lqnr {lnr;ad, ?s37:7o)

Ruudnililmlllyt iiuo{ri'uo.rdrJ:rnoufidrrlrg + il:snr: 6o (Allpog rgz6 dr.r

6rlu u^:rua s:.firfr, 253t:7)

l. llYtlnnddlnrunrnui.rl#qnnnrJfruG (rote expectation) tfluunuryrfion

rirnuodulnud{nil uayrfl u bJn'rildfl1un1ildqnnar{r:.roqj

z. 6'srilTufrnrirournrril (role conception) rfl uu vrr rvrfi qnoauosrfi umionro

'irnutoln'l:ovrfluotirr'lt nlililmurvriirfioduolnnr'rilfia mionarrunrnui'.rrorfirou do

or0 doo a dor rYu nrrru n rq il i,r { o{ d{ nru n f o hi6 1 d

3. nltuoilyuilvtutvt (role acceptance) rflunr:uoruiuunurmrorqnnaiiovrfiog - i hea o '

efiunrumdlunnt:frqnna'ldfiorranude'ir ililurnfufinrrrudrn'tgoioeruro.r unyriol#1fio

n'l r u do ud{ riu uu'l n^sr t o.r fi.r n ru rlo u fi qn. laua dl lava i4- n1:UCIlJ9l9tluuvtlJ'tyt (role performance) tiluflt:ilflriotnrruilniltytuoitunnnfr

^ j i-tnsilu nrnunurnfidtnilntofi i{ dsrru lur{ariro{ilmil1yt uay R'truoruiu:lnlryr


l4

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filffiud{iosudn{ilynl'rvr4nrmurnraruohJ firaruuvrurvrdrtrnnahiarrur:niuldur?nrgn

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- A e qlt d d J ,4 @ 9, o attdg{lJYlu'lvl Gril0vYl'r l?rqnnailanfiililynJlytuu u1{nu0u;dRt|ott0.t dildu rnnnTly.l dd | 33 - rt 4 r- S I a dh r

lntUqYlt:UR?'l role stress cfil0vdiltln lnUn:{9lOR'l:ttd9l{lltl9lR:5lJgt'ltJuYllrmfi Ifttmrufg

dil r,rfotrifirJ:sfinGnrnrowru rirl#{dr:.rdruurirluunu'rnfigdn'irhivroln firriun

d'r "role strain' uavfi.rfiryorrururdo n:ril?flnfr{:a n'lrrund'r n'lrrur{'u{oslo fisrfiolsfid a Urgrct Gt d .a o 'e'lilfiqnnatfionlru"hirchloluunurn uavfinarrurn?uoluuyrurvrfirir:.roqi dotfinan:v

vtt-lsionr:uan{uvru'rvr 'lriartlr:aude{nJynJrvrllionruyrurvrlffinsiolil rfion'lrrudrurnn'l

lunvrurvrld (role failure) (fif,ill qruyro{r, 2s?s: 94't drnr:srn?uoluunurnrflunllsro.r

nnru'hiruaruneiulunr:rfla.:ilyturytro{qnna rfinornarrmqeiolilfi do (Hardy &

Conwey, 1978:173: fr'Cur rgqvroiN, 2525: 95)

1. n?lilnqilrnioluunurvr

ln odr.r nd.r hifer rn u no

AavddtrlRat'tRn?lila'tFll.t?{iloitd{ nilmilfl anouvtll'tytot lit

z. n'lrrudntdslutnurm tfi oornn'rrrunrnmirluufl urmiiilaruotirl unyrlru niu

rotludrrfl rlfifldr:.ruyrrlrnhinilil'i'rsru0srJfi rior^otir.rl:

-hrqavaJu,q3. n?]il lilnduledil luuytulyt tRq0rRn?riln'lail?ililoitdlnrurtasnuyralilluulr

urvrriu hJcfouft niotrirfl ulilnrilnr:iuf rinunfi uasdrfiuuro.r{rir:,rilnilrn

4. n ?1il nra nft lur nrrmru r n rfi u bJ {ri r:,: u vrurn hiarrur: nrJ 6^rifi 1 6'n : r dr u

5. fl 1on?1ilarrur:olun1:udo{uvrrl'ryl

- -Z!'o-- ------- 4l o a . d c6. {S1r.{ilmillyUJflUdillJOilAsn?lildlU',D$tfl ilR?',lilmil1nliQRti1?tUO

z. nrrruduauluumuryr

uynjrl4t?ttJ'lvaruuioeuilytljlyt (role congruency) mrurudt anrunr:a16{Unnn

dtillJynllt4aqj'[duaotlytlllvrmulsailsrriliid{nrunroni.r'[{ Rllrde{uytil1milo{qnna

strildruilri{nrfiiiovrflul:Jodr.rqndo{rfirursdru uavfliluyrrlrmunrnfo#oor*uoqjn-uilofru

d.rsiolilfi 1ra'cur Uruilo{, Zs?s:94\


t. narrur{rloluuvrurniiqudorrao{niorlfrri6.J9t

2_ il5edljR'r50l1JO{ntrfl9t{tuytil1109

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l,-t

u o n 0'r n riu q n n a 0 y il r y au n arru dr rf o si o n r: uao { il ynl'tm u;u

il: s n ou o r noYrq n nauavfi I uro doru 1 dlrri Crrauru-i zc,, t98o: ?s2)

t. illerisnmordrnru rvrfl usTrririliloil1er:S'lufl o{rudasnut 61 4 o c|9 e d I s2. nlllJugrnnl{tilt'oit olq tflf, li1llltrflasnuililytljlytunngil{nu

3. n?TJdrur:nlunr:fiosrchlonrildnuoinionlfl ilorfilo{ouro.r

a. nr:'l6irRlraoilduo{0lnunillnduarouuo_.t

s. n m ru fr o.r r; n n a riu rfi m n'il n :1il n r o il i.r siou ytu r ng4 df q2t9l q Gt to o qtel

6- n?]ilffi il11 ofl o{{ouvtu?CI tr{rii1l0lultvtlj'tytuaviliilsnro.r 16d

7- n?rild1il,rufioruarsnu'ldnrildruilri{fidonro.r

0r R n?'lrJ 14 rJ'lor o{rl ltll'lvrd.r nriru?r.rdu il vnltytfi o'l u ru rudl u qfr n : : ru nr: ril u

fisrnrunarilnlnili{flatdtnru dsrvrsrrufisn:srirurinrruluasqe: Isufiil#rfirfluflnr!-t

rdurn: oilni? rl nfl o.rrfrun: orn:ornir uavdwqqor:

aa4lldtqsqdlAlJyfu'tynJotrtililR't:tilauultila{nNd{niloy?unRlutJ n-f,. t96o rtJot0tnnr:

rrj6uurtda{anuatvtosn:orni'lornn:oun:-lcJurururrflun:ouni:6u:iifirurordna.r Rr:

r{orurqnarn n: rurirl#d.rnudornr:ur{{'lu0rRr?{araf.rmndu nr:nJduuuilawrr

ra:ugfiorfludrdrmunl#arurfinlun:oilnirsirr6oonhJrJ:snouorfinuonrirurnoour:ruld

rurqut6on:oiln:-t qF"io, 1976: 34t) rirl#rfinnr:ililumurnrolrncmfluavrugmolu- A e9 v v - 'n:ounfa tfrolt{tumvdilflilaRUatva.rnrufirrjduuurja.r'lrj Iosd.rnrufin'lrilnre?rit'ir

d dt u a r o ,dtil0vtJdxlJ:uflo:roileroRr:vn.r'rulnu nr:rorloki hflri16'rlouayh?nrrruriulnurin::ur-r-!,--!4cd-oataqaoobattays?uy?utilao tuR"lttau{qqnt (0uyttstu rotruduo, ?537: 6l) ludlnrulnu dilvl

(smith, t973: r39\ nu'ir dlnurffo.rfifrnualstflun:ounirrdurtr',rflo uay & rinsfrsfiuurlriru

l5

d la IIJUOURlJO{n

dr-iAiAreror nr:rilun:otnirrdslfrruf,uriou1 marrurirufi lmurnlun:ounirrurnfiurdu niu


l6

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odr.rarirraruod{flouav +r.rs ,,urulooiufosas +zt+ wtfiulddr ilnillnfio1lurj:crma

'lvrurioudr{rfl ubJsrriluurfiolnril fi fisrfl :silfnlunuruiufiorounr:rirniruqrnrnt

lr:orlutatvd'.rn::riflaoq0ilnaoa finr:reiuilfl9orulurLmutytflo.tu^fn 6.:ilqriurflufi

uoru:-rL'ir unurnfiorfin'rrrudrrYrg0'rsiofierurnr:roudn fiorFruslo{nr:rdrrurfiri'rudrlI

s q 4 r o a 6l .lg v I rr9109r:.r runl:rau{eqn: t?il:ilf.tetsolj tuR'l:etra t149t?'trJ5flfixliloilqu9oqa: nnon0u

afrLaqunr:rdmqqo,:d'ruurJrJrrel

n:rru rfl ufi or6ud'urdou',r orsi{n :: ri,ray ldfi nr:sr:'roaourfl ufi urjfn do6rfl u

fiororofin:rrufdnnorulodrtrueruncrurTu odr.rl:fisrrru riurfluqor?rd'urorf,finsrflu

lôrluournsrir r{rdtfiuvrurmmNdrnrufidrnTrgrurnlufiior duunulndurrriohi'rfiEr

narnrn?uneionr:rJiusT?u?r{uvrurvrlmritd' (fiin: n'n:Iilf;'no i, 2s34: N) durfluqrJa::n

siol,riorufirnr:rflufior uavn:vvr:ro'rdrfi'urnrntorn:ouni'r rfiornllvinqsrlun:ouflir

ld rir'uvr:-sni roiqdu 6, zszt. 661 nr:si.rn::ri6orflunrrvinqsr^ro.raori dqfifiold'irrflu

nr:vinqorto.tuôrtdufiu nrrrv{firrrfluuôrriudosrnrfiqrirrrqnr:ailrrldshirnuil:sau

rurriou rravdrfiorhiarrur:nrJirdrld naiigrrililrfidorfinornr:mrrfio uiu psychosomatic

disorder or:ruairrJduuuila.:.iru iinnruisrnn-raa unyriol#rfioflqrrrfiurn'ldruyr'urnrn

fiu{aru:atd' Glott, t97 6: 1436) ornnr:flnulru'ir fldrira'.rrrrfl uuâl

rioh?rfi nnlil rn?uo uayrfioldiu nr:du f,u'iru'rr r'rriu om riuriuou t/4 an?1ilErTRSUUil

nrn4fi ln ovrfi ndunsoru rTunarrufdnrnioo uavnmru hiurilodrrrarrur:oiufi ouoilnr ou^9-q---!r{g.g-.si .-.-F r d @ . - i tn:? r?ru rernilm (q[il:u'l r{qrnn, E?J|: 23) ruilrfiu?nil?il (Shoop, 1976:- 26\ frnuir,-.--,t- ---n , 9l d J c q9.^ ar a I:smirrnr:d'rn::d nr:rdun::d uasR'trnaoaroittJl:ot rrn tuualiln.lrrunorJn6dru

---^.^/-5,-j.-y- Jia d hrq/q 4r - Aor:runitfrniludru d.tutuoit0lRtanmu til ro:uR1:rstrulrg?rytoiuumurnnr:rilufrorurriou

sitrfuluusiuroirrurrotfiotufionr:rflufinr mrnhifinr:rn€uilaarunr:nin$ou?rlnanru

nr:airfluotir.:6ude fiororiah?rfioilqvrr6'.rndrr1d lou6'umiori roirgduG es37:66) td'

ndr':ftrfelufiotosnrttflufiolir 6rusi{ueiu:nf'irrur:nrrirn::rf'hJnun:vri.:naooqa:unsj s ..J , - lrau{eufl t t9uilfl u9tou9tl{tdlo.{lu

I4raJ00?tRtt9r{fl:5n


t7

q v 9r -,d I d a A h2- diltRfluastilEsroR't:tilnuil$ila{n't.itd5:?ltu1lroiuJ'tt9'tuavn'l:rna-oulltxt|o{

Yt'liR

Jr 9 A a3. n19R1: 0lA?{?f U1tR0lnURltnAOOilO{il15A1

+. iiunurmlun:surunt:naoe

s. nr:riilrflufier

t-

lu n r: uhirL il vril lnlil rilu usias du n ou il o {r frfl u fi n n r: rfl u fi s r il o o-o fi fi 6vr fi n a

sionr:iliililyrurnfror il:ynoud'lu (Jensen & Bobak 1985 : 3fi))

r. nr:iufsiouyrulyrnmflufinr lduri rJ:saunr:oirdu dnsucilordsnil

{sun::ru :vdugruvvrrua:ugfio l6nmr nr:r6uu{uasnr:ldiur7oryafigndo.r n?'nl

ff;nfiqarrirlusirro.r

2. ttt{dliltaqumrtdtnru lfirri nrdfildquntdruor:ruaf (emotional

support) ttas Rt: dfuArludrudllar:{orya (nformation support)

rj:snrinf vrirfiu:fior:vqa (25x: n) dnurnrrildilrt'uf,:cil.jr{flod'sur.r

-e^^-de-^-<- -.--..-, zt 4 e i a i.r 4 J o ,ila'lYltjRlSffnu'tq{0viln'lsttdn{ilnillvrRrsnluusrurnnirilorfrrinr:dnu'td'l uavilorn-q.ir

nu td:-ur{rttuvdrornuvrvrdnionururnfi rJ:ylurdsiofl urollunr:ilrnlruflrJrlfiri6 n$otd

s?ut?|aoil'l:o'l

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-l- --- e-- ,-y I - 4 a q , 3 ! r o d< a dail;eR1:RlJR15:ilEilYlulYrR15lilUiln',r lUil0lVil]:n19{nrrfl ltu?'t ilnlmtio'lgil'ln rlnrfrilo 4 sa_de---_qfr. - jaor o a j.r dtuouRlsf,nu'lq{ ntounSl?lut1u16q{ ntoiln5?frtidrunulnrnuer-ilr:nrfr6 ovilnr:

iufuvrlrvrnr:rflufinrdn'irfinriifiorgrlou fiordfi:v6'rnr:flnurdr n:ouni:iifi:rslddrq.iaot s a b rd

Iravn5oiln5?milfrultutR't1Iila}il't: o1 lila

qutl qrgn un es3t: 4s) ilil'itrsdunr:finuriifl asionr:ude.ruytlltnfi o't lou


18

I I A d a s q 9o o I q 9ra t''ge I j Ieirlufr frrnr:rn5uilunurnr=orlsonr:Ifdruuvilrriruhiu-nrldiu{oryafigndo.ruasrfr'o

nr:rioufluilyrulyrtotau d'uJr: orJiildrsiounurmnr:rfl ufiortd6du

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car.ri u - 6t s qgto o d @lilsilu tlaslIfluln?]ilrYlil150luRlsquaul:9lilnsn'rrR tqunl: tl.tnlilueulrnulRlJgraJdtrqo.e&ario ry a u ri fr or r fr r ril u n r : ril u lu n r : fis u r n r : il iu lJ yt lJ I yt R't r rf, u u= n r

fi:ra a:frfi (2531: n) nl'irnr:hir{'uruylilllililrnfiorlurarvrur:nrsi{n::rid I u ,t dl a s a dUy- o o d dt a r ailflaflonl:tilEUYllJ1vlR'l:tuuiln1 l9tulj9'tvt lo:ilnlilusltlilnviluuRlttuuuo'tu'lRRl'llj9t1ih tqy- o o1t tu toruftltluru'l

a 4 s ar a I a iqy- j q a vtilAilflt ltJl,$mn (2532: il) flU?1UO1ylln:ilRl5doutRu?nililYllJlililq]ilaild q r a o I a in rnt-naoo ilR'tsutfo{uYnJ1lt lltR1:5?ur14aoil15olfia.{naooillRR?'tlro'l1t lil t0:lJR15dou

,ti'-9t v d a a , u 4 S q tt 4a vfi'1UU R'ltl9ltUililmil'lllUnln{tt9ltJ'15 911fl {n: 5R l9Un'15 l?lllOilntRU?nUilnil'lyle

finr Glrilr:CId?uh?fiorrJfusTrsiounrlrn'ldfi uavfiri':ud:ru1unr:rdu,rqr;n: durfluA j - .A 9 A s / a I

ilqfln:til1lt?lulgdtJlJO{lJ910?U Gf{tiltsUYlylltAsltgildil (Bozett & Hanson, 1986:38) n0l?

'irnr:$riuiln?lilflunmnaosfirt#finrldrfirrgunrrruflrdtnn'rnr:d.rn::duasRl:naoo fi

nr:rdrlouyru'rnfi or fi nrriln:vilfnuavqru^hlunr:ftrlyru1nfi al

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finr:fiomrfiilrurndus,TJolgnsrr{ro.rrur:ordrurndu Iou{rflufinrfinarrudrn'qlunr:

Ei'lurndorj:rriuil:cno{druisrlo rauo'r:ilafilo{rur:01 riolun*rri.tortri rsdunaon

uarild{tnaoo

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, & r.r o e I o a d a r dtuuunao9fi{rtulljus?{r?a]dildl ufliln?'lilfftnfu9roilsIuR0R't:tijuu9tlr$urau')-JruAya-nRu:vt so{n:tR ttau:vu3ila{flaoo etrir0T41RU9l1t'tgnlrlIglturunuriltudr{fi 010ri{flnCopyright by Mahidol University

19

rd0gnuretu?

siouyrilrnfis,rlunr:rdo.rqqor:oiohl si.rriu nr:fifiorldn?rrurfiriauiarulunr:nnonro.r

ru1:or rflr1#uôrlffilonrafrsrulrlyrurvrRllflufiorlu:rurdd.o lood.rnrfin'rrrunrnui.r

dr fiorfiunurvrdrfirglunrrdrumdorJ:vn-uil:vnowrrdrudrrnr0uav6nlo orrruafro.r-.----q-.- -. ---.h!.4-.' -t--4 Ae J "r ,, ,, , - jtJl:9'l tuteuunaoa tatiluoul.l0 ctri| tu:vuvnaonuuilltaliln?1ilgto'tR1:olu9t1it1 d,til

dadd(lJ'lA tdf,il'lA'lilfl, 2519: 1 19)

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s. do{nr:ur:tmlntlilrduil'lo

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d.r Io urir hJ hido.r nr: h{rfi o nr: rd l rhanaon

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nlrufftnoloiouas gt ,,utqooudilr:qrdornr:rurnfiqnnô l'nrdrgouas 83.3 aosrndo.r

rTtLnr:dnurtot arlqurutracttoutoofdu (KhaZoyan & Anderson,1994: zzo ld'aouarru

il1:s1m?ay6u'firu:u to nu6.:nerrudornr:au-udrguornfinrlu:sm,h{naooqn: uu.ir

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rdoldrirnr:eousrrumdsnrnfifisr'ldoqidrulu:vuunaon nuir rur:nriinmrunoryrolo rdu

rdurnlunr:dRulto{rnofie lcurtir, 1965: 937) nu'ir lu:yurnaoprrur:orri'lulilnjslo{nr:

hi'frprrrr?rlrJlndfisrrtolu{ilvnaoodru d.rn{rurur:orfifiorr{rbJlndfinrarynaori0yuda.r

fraunfisiofinrtunxurn uoin{rufifimrhi1d'uirhJtndfnrarsnaososfifsun6siouôrlu

nlilau Copyright by Mahidol University

.rruifrurioulrirulnqjuaordrnrrrudrriqto.rnr:fiuôrTdr{rrrfirirui'rrulu:stlst

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hflr#u'irnufi riau d:rulu:susnaoofi n'rrrudruvr'uf,fiuruator nr: naoodrur:n

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22

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23

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laqraof (Dooher, 198o: 22o) dnurfl aloc nr:rni unnaondruiGrorarurrysionr:

rJiusT:lufriodtJ:dttnvRlserolJdlJo{sioil:yaunr:afnr:naoa{o{ilr:o'urayfi or nu.ir--r---Aqgr- d ul .gge d d da tn{rufr16'ittnr:te3uiluaclill6r"ilnr:mi-uufinruuunr:ilirtri'rludinail:ama1.tnaoorfi'ruffu

usi1ilfin?rilrnneir{riuotir.rfiriudrriqvrr{4fi6 uavRr:erouauo.rsioil:yvaunr:afn1:naoe^.^^-i^ ^ --r-.dq-!..___r_-_u, J tq9 , ju rcfo{f{ z nrirufililttsrnsir{rYu 6.rqraofhiurognra'iriihiuonsir.:riuororfluararur0rnilr:a'l

uarfinrldfiil:vailnt:ainrrnnosrdrrln'uuavfinr:rhunrdoariuarluh?rird.rlodrniuuaynlu

os r#u 1fr'ir d.rur?rvnu'irnr:rni urunerrufto.rfi orriour{rhJfi d:u d.:ru lu: sus

grnaoorl or:fir z neiru ri'rulmqjfi n'rrrufdndrurnunsdsioil:sar nr:af ri.lunq6n:: r nr:rieu

rm6oilr:erlu{flisflaoel

nr:il:sriu:J:vnorinlo-.- A f O_^_^_d_-_ -l r ,q !, - | 9, u 4 a ITtrletRrsilR15s?urilaoillnnqo rlru u?ult{ql,dillu eirurnrila{ d-uiio u,lordr qiru

nruqrutmnfinnr:mrslo/tnnfinnr:niounalu Iounrjrudld'f,unr:ro6uruoruanluqfin::n

nr:rirurmfiorurn n'irn{rudhild'iunr:rn6uil nr: ei?umfiorur n rfl u du oluaar 6on r:il:srTurJ:;no.rdruisrlt uiunr:ilrvrTurj:rno,rh?nmruriuln h?nmruin a.rnruudri.ro

ItIlJ?'l n4ruli16'iu nr:rsr€uiluaoruqfin::runr:rj:yrTurj:snormn ndrn{rufi hildiunr:roiurunqfin::rududu : noonr:oqidru rduo$rflurdoilil'rrer drd{rnsrorRlrroiuJr:el

nudrn{lfi hildiunr:ro6uilren{1rqfi n::r nr:oqjdaururnndrn{ud16f,u nr:rsriuil

nnonriunr:hirniuutvfifla'hiunneir{riu usififi{ruifiufiuapr.:1#r#udr nr:rn?uiln?ril9Copyright by Mahidol University

28

r .N d I a q .ioa q r a d r a in tROUnAO9ilflA9nOil9llUnr:ue9rilyrljlmuasfidlri'Umrflts?t?'r{u0'r-lJlro'r9rR?1ilq]n niblrs 4 - o? Lt Aa a o 4 4 d a | 9tlgifunr:rn5uil o'.rriurdrnrirfifiuqtnrndrn'r:drfrtfr{nr:rsrTurJrJr4u'lyru=olriourririrrllu

YAs-liraiatvusnaoadlu fr{t0utdu ttnvliltiln (Jensen & Bobak 1985 : 305) nrh?'i'r n'l:ii'rurl,taonilI s I A q @ 9io - dt a a

uty luuutJ'lRmdodl?t5uFtilRm{0ytljuilm no99 nr: l#r{ruu c f 116 u? n'u n r: lfnrrru dru

naoo ouoGilruldl^orrdrlo n qfi n : : ru nr:4 A .a hr o r o I

rilaouJoil1toliln?]il lilqfl dlj1u lu5?.r ln6naool|9r'r

tldoiNoonHoillr9'ilfl ldRl: naoo9 doonns Rnnufdnro.rfi nrfi do.rrJ: rdillurvusnaoo

r{u1rl'ran?tu?ro{uililodtnmil:vn'ilil:vnos nr:dlurmdo uayslo{'hiaqrJ'hfiordld':-lat ,, 9 r d I I a jh rht- er I'R1:tfl5UiltJ1lta?nO{Rltn?'nJU?UtilAO0]R1IU'lillAUOUR?'.llJ9t1vt lil [O:Un1:tgttUlJu'IROU

d.rnr:druh?fior-rur:orfiil:vaunr:afsionr:naoolunrsrrn osri'rul#rfisnarrufirnolnlu4aaqe

uvrurnnrsruuusr-il'rta1 uavrfradur{urnr?rfi6lun:ounirnruil'l

nr:dtra3ruuilulnfi nrlurv svo ao sr

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lffi yruoru :.rdar:# (:s26: zo) nrirtir nr:h?doryafiqndo.rd:u1#rfionr:r?ouf rflo

qnnnrfi n nr:rEuuf,nrfi nr:rilduuuila{ilq6nrsildriouc?r{nr?: d'rriu nr: r{rln dr n: s:r'lu

nr:riuuf nr:rEuufto{flilqi ovrirurfluuu?yrNluR'l:frofion::unt:ri{rdiil:rytulnfiolA qto A d r, bgt A &

r?{o tlf lJo'ilRnn1:rruuEljytlJ'tyt t9rlf u'tyduuitfl u

q-iv.trtuil?nolRu?nilnlfl:tju:q

4t 9q a. q a a s J, n r a rjR15t5UUg tuytflusflo{ltR09?ytu1toul4? llj ?nJ'luCI.l R5ylJ?lJfl't5flo{n'.tttilauu

fA4tqdladAAuila{fl qn R5 :rJvtfil?5outililr.tail101RilruditR't: 0nt toR1rfl Roilril -rd

aRUAtVflOitnlStilAUU

Irayil5{0{10 rfiu.:I

uila{r4tilrl6n::ruororfl u nlrrilduuuilarnrs dril n1r Rryfi I nr: iu fodxloodrrnua.tuiouarqotirtlunnrrfiueriu d,rnr:nJduuurlard'rnrir?oltrflunl:nJdsu

| .f j<lq u 4 U rdh9, , 4 attilaslunxfr6frd.rnruuoru:-lniohifi1d fcooo, tqsq dr{fr{lu rnfirusi lrufrrrsr^, 2532: z7)

uuoolnd nr:r6uufiirldqnnafinr:rJ:-usr-:d{druci?usTruasdrud{nil (crow & crow,

rsog dr{6.rlu qinni {flursrf ?s37:7)Copyright by Mahidol University

dueoulunr:r6uufl tr{eni q'$ru.rri, E2z: t2; Klausmeier & coodwin drla'rtu

nrn:-srrf mdrqrrri, 2523: 3r)

t . : suv s,rau dr (awareness staee) n'ti tflE uil n 1: 5-u fllil rsl'lstau d.r o r rfi o du 0'l n n'l:

t63u nr:ldl#u'ldaunur l6ilfrrnqrJn:ainr:doar:nrlonluudr mfoororfrsrornI

Rl5lJORtAl

z. zvuvaulo (interest stage) ruaold'iufl srfos:rrsir{lurudr qnnaorrfr nnarn

aulonssroueuotn:rrudo{RltfloiNeru Tounr:mrn'lrrufrfirr6ru,dun.lrun:yiir.rrids u^{rflu

rio.rfioqjlun:rrudornr:to.rsruilfotiotfir{rfi.rurnrrn#hdauuadooqiud'r 6oy8rfinmruaucjt0il'tntu

g. :cuvil:sffiuna (evaluation stage) n'tuild{0'tnnr:flnurdun{rrfl ufinolouda

tvfi nr:lndsno{eirurudcnaldnareudosrfindufi'rld fi nvrlfrffi onrunarruf},rri

4. sytJsngao{ (rial stage) nrumdrnr:'lstdn:o.torirl:ounotud'l'ir nrrfiprnad3 st raoaturrl?nnilAUoerltJuu?natrfiolnri qnnafiovrlfrrior-lugrluilililo{R'l:aosrlfirifilu:sureio

rur mfooroq{aiurlfrrifirioufild'

5. tuusuoltiuuarrJfrrifiorrr (adoption stage) rflu:vuydrfiodunruudrnr:

vrono'rrJfrrifiuasruortfiunaddnsrn^sdurTrnuro.rorixuriuouudrfiocrfindilnr'rudu,,uro,,taiaAa Y tA A d raoa

rJfr u-frrfiru udarilfiuunrurfrou3oilfrrifiorrrunrrruflmrioaoo'lrJ

vrqufinnrudrur{ufrdoulu{ (Connecrionism rh*ry) rosnofu'lnr{ lThomdike,

tqzt dr{dslu 16fi0 6rurri, r;2r: 27) d.rrfluvrqufinr:r€ouflunrjrunq6n::rufiuru

(behaviorism) of;lrunrrriuufluu.ito.rnrlnjduuuila.rnqdn::ruIourf;o'ir lun:vtL'runr:

riuufiJ:vnoudru orrfiJ:snou z odrr noo mdrunrrdrudrrnruuayei:uil:ynounr{druisl

1o nr:r€uuffionr:tfioillusilo.rrf{ao{6iruil:vnounrrdrudrn'ru noo fi.:rflrunynr:s,ou

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il:snoildru

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nruuar6fllr


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30

z. n 4rfi urriu nr: rlfrffi do nr: ldn : v rird'rm io lffi n rin#rr v rirhi'{'r:. uu r:^ uu f

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d'.rriuaqrJ ld''ir nr:fi Unna0vfi nr: nJduuuilaruqfi n:: il0ydo{orfionr:riuuf

uar dos rfl u nr: r? uu fotir'r rfl u r{u sr ou

ffnu nrvms{d?a ufi ril u fl n d

A 4 r dr 9,q t 4a , d 9q - i v vrJo'rtro?1tuury [ilq ry{ilfr?]rJ9o{n'r5n15r5uuE tilanuarenrnilly o{uun1:doil

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dnuorsd'rfi (Brundag & Mackeracher, 1980 drsn*.rlu ejuorr unqil, E?ih 2t)

t. fi rJ:saunrraffiinlousr:rfi n{r{tarrlu nr:r6uu f fi uu'rhflrufi rs urJ: grl rdo

r,rr rirfiuru tonn6 fr'nuv l#ogjnruldlnxe9rquayrorlrfl erfl osrl:raunr:afro.rnuluodel

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:J : s Iurdd odr n ru uas n r: rdr 1o sr-'r ros

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-f I t6',R15 t:UUglro.l$tUtoit I g

s. r?ntfinarru ff n n^o iirfl u n r: aq rJ Io urtr lrJ ua, rfl u rdo.r urr nr rilo. fi ruIunriltfi uen'ilsrurorfi rfl u rsur,,uro.ii naosouiinrrrurnr:nludlro.r

z. ldiurounurundrfiuasdoluRlilyn{d{nil uavdsnilnrolrft'ir{lrqirv

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3l

l . il q 6 n r r r ii l df u o'r : n dn d'u lr f o u n ti o.r yu rru r c de u l#H q 6 n : : ru riu,fi r du uit

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s. narrunloilnsd:ul#tfionr:riuufld.irudu ld'uri n'rrrun#oruro.rafiilqqr

n:rrun#orulunr:rfrrlouavaulofiosrSuu n'rungoruludrudugru n?lrJdtJ1rCI mfo

rl:cailnr:aflerû

o. n rrru fdn nolot r nnadrr$ n rfl uu: s ardn du d.rfi nrasionjo.r rfi rl#flrE ou rfi s fi rds

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r :. nr:ld{risufi riaudaulu nr:'rrufl rm ruru oydruldnr: 6uuf: ruf u du

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r qro, dr{6{1u r,h?or 6u: rs^'il, 2534: r0r\ fi riunou d'{sio lild

t. du srou to{ nt: ntenuril (esrimative phase),fl u tiu r uu iiov l#qnna ld'r?uu {

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dr rf o lu n r: r? u u ciu du I pr 0 riil o r n As ii.i r u 1 rJ il r 0 r n

to. narrufio:'luuonnyd'luh{rfi onmurdrlo,iru

1 1. R'rrynlyrrunv.riruairrnmrunrrdr

tz. o'rrruflnridu7rrTuri'nun6'nforirfioru uavflr?uuarrur:nrirlrJl#lfifr'ufi ryfi

Erasionr:r:ûuf,

tfiurrYuaorunr:ofttasn?lililtrtourtunr:rJgri6 nururonrslorilryul-unrrrufdnfrnfrnCopyright by Mahidol University

1ro{qnna ilasilqillgilnrililo{qnnaqliln?1ilrfluoi.r d.rd'o.r{olrfi'qnnnoqjriun'lrrurfluoir

ruavrirn'lrrurdrh6.rnr:fuflun'lrufluoi.r6'.rncirldoaur:or{rnuofinnr.rnr:rJ6ffild'

ot't{trot0uuactilil'13dilYr

z. rfr"uuno.rnr:rJiunJduu (trensitional phase) r;nna6ruovsTsfiulorfionr:lA oa 9t 4

il 0u a 0 r a o { e o enlJ R s v u ru n r: do fi u lo o dr.r l n dfi pr rfi ol#n r: g.r lo riu ru il'rs d}l

:. dururnotnmrudrt$totun?lilnrouil (productive phase),fl ,,irfi qoouo,

rlfr ridnr:fi ri':udrr tddrrf o ruoufi una fi nnrufunurasfiulolufi.rfi rJfr ri6

r,fr?nr 6u:r8ru (2536:, zol ldncirrdrn:vu:unr:ri.rra?rutr?rfinnr:r?oufrfrunlt9/rt 4

Suanuro{rjo{ryil?u no

r. 6iyeuh?rfi u'irfi nlufl u hJ ld'fi oy n:yrir

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a\ 33

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aou h?rir fi r n: : ruoirr 1 Io oao.rfl n rJ fr ri6 rdoriol#1fi o rin u s n mru fiulq uas

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ril on5 1{ trI' il n ?1il Yl: it 0'l

42?59Copyright by Mahidol University

ruu?yr'r{R1:ri.:niruunurnfisro'{ncir? riruhflfisrrfionr:rEtrufilr4ilrnto.tsrulu

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r{0u'n{nrilqriu:ruriilfi nsdolu (z;i25 szl 1d1r?nnril?nJlulloirnrrruffsnolo'jr

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rilir "nolt" r4ruts6{ arulo uoulo d.rr{rfin:tn'lnruro'.tnqu'ir "satisry" fi;1nvla.33rr44zlflnvtrurornnrumrfiudl "satis" frqmrurudrn?1iltiiu{no (enough) urRfTilRl:n:rfir uavr{r

'j1 "sarisfaction" nuudtnmruOud n?lilqltdulu nrrru6u10 n?tilqr nmruqfilo Rt:

aul:r:our n?1ily{o10 olrudr:rqlt rfludu (A New Thesaurus of synonyms and

Antonyms in Dictionary, 1977:691) ri?iln?tu?rutugnilil0urqRtutottrilatgrof (c*d"it,

r9t2: 663) nmuffwolofiillud.{ nr:u::qfisn?'lildo{n1:mioil:r:nur nr:riol#rfionlruAq49oad"{dtt)oil ln R1:lJ::a0{tonl?luqil:o6Y.:o1t1ju tlJu9u

firnoriu (Newcomb, tqts dr{CI'{lu ::rn:al ''6uaoqu uaynfls, 2529: 3o-31)

ncirT 'ir nlruffsnolotflunatorRrturrq{oonroryisunfigrhafr'r d.rfr'sunfi rflun:rrufdn

rour60{ilo.rin1odfieioil:rarnr:aifirur1ud16iu o10rsrJ1R}riorloufi16' unyviaunfidoy

rrder.{ooRyrl.rdrunqdn::ru1d z dnuars do R'r:udn{oonludnuarvrororrrunolo r#u

d'lu uolr vTsun6rdudrfirh?nuournrl6^rio^ uolnid nfoournr{rlndfi.rriu 6ndnuarr

mujrdo n:rruhiff.rnolo hiuludru hiuol rirlfrrfiqnrrrurfrouriru frsfr ournotil#0rY

taa?t1it01Rd{u1I

o vu?u 1d'ir nnrunow olo rfl u nrrruffi nfr nfi erlunr.rfi 6ro.rr1nnafi fi siofi rlnr fio

ar m : n o'n rfl u n qrr^ n : : ru 6'r u 6o o r : u of rn : r v u q fi n : : ru m r r 6n o r : il afifl u n'r r r drfi o du n r u tuCopyright by Mahidol University

35

AaaAoi?l u { ?t t ol?f E R't: 0t lf u.{ tR q1 u

Corlororqnna dulduri n?lildulo nnufdn virfi n?rilsou n'rru'hirou nr:h?qar

rir nt:ill-n'r:uJduunforJ:-urirfiuruffinnô d.rurissrrilduqounr:rfiqnrrrufi.rnolosi.rfild(il5Unrrilru qJ?:ror, ?526: t9\

t nr:ilmionr:hfln'lruaulr (receiving or anending) rfluduu:nfiqnflaQn

n:r{ulfivr:ru'ir finrqnr:aiil:rnqoqjotir.rl: ,,unduquoariuflnrrruSud iliofinr.:vfrslq_-.!^.-g_-.-.j_ --.4 v 3 4 qe, q , A ", J A J j^t0 ytTt : orJ ylo u : lJ ctit t5 1u u ?t 5 0 tfi n ?lil dlJ l0 n orN t5 lu u 9t{ fl u il tn o 0'l n

l. I n?luetty?niR (awarenqss) ilil1u6{ n t: iiqnnaldq nlonô nfoff; n.irfi frl

a.raaeiv-,,-J:aI 2 n?lilUlJ A?|SOIAU t0110 g: U (willingness or receive) ilUilqnna0srnon?1il

n*r u oh fi o s iu fi .r n : v {u n rru fdn rfu ror 1{A o 4 qt q -. - @ i1.3 nltlAORSll?l5O tfi n?'lllflU l0 (controlled or selected) R1Ufi A{01flfr qnna

!!oacqAsligda-'iln'ltruo:vtttlnrtas0ufr'lufr.rn:roiuriuud'r qnnafi0yrdoniufrriisruro{ruouilforirn'rrr

noltrurlf uaufl ilurdurf,ufi fi uurhfu oyhiaulolufi.rmfoeorunr:aifinu'hiyou

2 R'lsetouduo.t (responding) yrqfin::ruliudnrirrlddr qnnarfionltilduto

odr.rufinis finrrruqnr,t'un'ud'rriuuionrqor:airfu d.rrlnnaovrirrJfrffiurorouduo{ll1{r

otir.r nioldiun?1r,fl4.rilo100lnnrfirirudrruufonr:ldn:srfirfion::ruriu dofioiururo',,A -:tRooitu

2.1 nr:8uoorulu R1:stolt6fuo{ (acquiescence in responding) dudornl#rilir..4 -:r 4 a ai raoarflolI{ lttouuan0uilaunnlil

2-2 n'nutilulofi nvnoildu o{ (willingness ro responding) oro ncilllfi'ilq nna.- .a q j e q 4 J d 4 a IrRofi?ludunr t0ytosR:vri't tudirltu $.rrllunarur0lRR.l:rdoRt|0{qnnalrutoit

2-3 nrrrunololuRl:oouduo{ (satisfaction in respond) nqfin::rududf;u.^4-^^.-------.4-.q-d^-.- a hy o a r o I n !,tllo{tJ'l01RR1:tgltJ l0vlo39loUdlJOil utoqnna16RSyytlrionS:ilUlitoril.tltjild? qnnaillu

ovrfi on':rrufdnfi.rnolo d.rrfl uanllsud.rnr.rdruorril0fro{unnn

r nr:t6nri"ru'uil lvaruingy dudoroonûrulfforoulddrsr{r'h "rdoflr" (belive)

mforinunfi ooaniurde" {odfinqor^n::rufiuaoviruorJiu nf,oiufdrfi.rrflrriurflufi,rfifiqarnir

druiud':rtr uiouan.rdrrrrfirirfisrodrrloodr,rnd.r vrq6n::ruluriud ld'uri Rrty-- ! i u-.^.ât^.^^___ ^"__4--,-q-rr-!{-t, e . d - Aao{nl:ogldlJO?l0vlleJlul tuRltntsliluul tl{urJrsdyrfiR'nr rJn.)]ruuururrufngrqnnadul

l#n : srirsrrru uayiinlrrdolurJ: y lurriro,rfi.rriur rfl ud'uCopyright by Mahidol University

o ra !: 4- d ---4-!^ê^-^.-e^-i-.-t---4 R1:tgtgilUfirUUru (organization) tlilU?llJ'lUil{nltm{nndilfl1ilUlJlROilUAl{dla4odr,

ila1uttruo 0{rr'uuuflbrfio:suurirfiuil Isufiolsand{n?'rildrurfluf:vrndrlriruûrutucirriuIt

5 Rllrrra{dnuargnrilrirfiuru (charecterization by valuel fiufir;nnntst€u.rdrs1l

mrriru^srudfio{ornddqolrloun'.rrloufiqn d.rrirfiurunnrirdovrflu6'an?ilqililrler^R::illto{

qnna

t

orndueounr:rfinuq6n:silyrr..rdruisror:ruoi ovulul6'ir qnnaovdosniru

dn1?vto{n?rildu10 n'ruolorurriou dunôriauno^dulusi?Unna uavrdofifr'nunG'ttav

r A o i I d di qY 4 19/ a Y

rirfrururnoiluu6'l frnvrtluuu'rnxlfiqnnafinr:rJirnqsr-n::ilrfiofru lunr:rJ:vrfiun?tu4 o r { i d e 4 c tterl .94-4' :.--.-------..i.-.rTI.lilo 101o.:qnnanod.rilil{d{ la 0{d'nJ'lrCIn5uYrl [fl lou80'lnn?lilEflRilnnoflo{qnnamil, A J Dc,

aodituu to

d.r rfu n rr ru fi r n o 1o lu n r : fi eir u dr ru lu t v u v n ao a il o { fi e r rfl u n'r r ru fdn fi n o^ o d 6

ro{fie1 d.rrfluanrrsor:ruoirnua.r il'nrflunqfin::rdruosror:uafifirdu,ruoofirlldn:srfir

fi r n::rulunr:fi ri'lud'lrutu nr:nnooilo{u'r5 er'l

nrrrufi sn olol u nr:rlfr ffi n u

n?1:.Jil''rr{ololunr:rl6ri6.rru ilil1u6{ nerrufdnfisnololu.:rufiriruav16rulofifAoA J ogo- d v I I d ye- - !

tvrJfrrirr-sruriub{drrErorrruivrqrJ:rarriroroqdn: :trnnaovff;nn'rnololuuufirirrfio.rru'!,evriul#nrarJ:rlusrinouuyruyr{yr'r.ro'ru?eronasmrs6'tu6nln uaucnil't:oerouduo{n?ril

ulu.tolttiudustuto{qnna'ld (straus, & syles, tgoo dr{o'.rlu ir:rn:ai tduriflur zs:ot

nrrrufilwohlu nr:fi rtru rfl unnruf,dnfr nfi o uiorf,aunfiluvrr.riifiro,rqnnafi4f de I J r zi dt gt< A^ 3 4iisiosrufifiroqi uarornilsrRouou1 ujunarruffrnfirnrrf,uriluflail1olRRr:lfriunr:srou

duo{n?lilelo{Rrtilo{qnnavi.rdruir{nruiracfiolo rirhi'qnnarfionrrrufdnfi.rnolonfohi

24)

fi.rnoln


37

n'ltrun'rttolnlunu rfl unator nr: g.rlnl#ru rlu tirir.rru Inuovoonrurlu grJuuuq j o hy '

ro{n?rruuo r0neuvrlinuulR lfrnrarurn ilr:ulnrdluanrufifir{rua nerruffwotnlunr:ooiAay4rrodqodi

vl].r11.lr&rRailuuJoquiln?'uJEdn?lil5rdil9{ad1tt0 tun'l5Ytl.rlu rljunuoiltil d'llJl:0

firnudrunuro{ uavfiIonrar1r':nr?r uon0rnddlmriru{ruoonuilu'r1u1#dilfrrin^rfio

nmrufftnololumuud'r nrirumufifinl{il'tn?'trJd'rrun^oornfrrlfruG'rruldrurnfiu uay{aa@a dd q e o C d a ,

o

ilA]Jn{1untnil t0 lUn]tn1{]uil]nflu (tdOU: tilAO{O:lu, 2522: 79)

4i o q q la@a J uty r .r o Jnquarnu?nun'rrgrr t0 runlrilailn{luuu tetrR nquanffig.l ton1Eu (The

Motivation-Hygiene theory) to{FofdtUofn 6Herzberg, er-al- 1959: 95) nrirrd.rilof,udt'do,

{orrirnmruff; ndduavhi6ro.r{'rJfrrifi.rru uriufl u z il:ymm 6o

r. ildug.rlt (motivations) rfl uilofrodrirhJqjricunfilumtuan ur:rsrirh?rfi n

n?Trilo.tflolt1unr:rlfrrio^sru fifidnuarsdrufrufrdolro'r{lulounr{ rfu6o n?1udo.rnrj u.lq o d 4 afrtvl6flnr1ild1ri0st'trun?tilfrRn=ailoitnurCIlt (self-actualization) ruIurigriro{n?1ildl$0

n1iln?lilfinfinflo.tstutoit (self-actualization or self-realization) do rflruuruq,rqoto{ilr{ud

flnfrug'rltrl:snoud?u nrudrrfotoirinu nr:uoiliilliilnoo dnsaryuoirinu n:riliilfro

uoil uaun?rilfr'r:nr?r' '

- i,| @ h rq t,|az. ilofrudrqil @ygiene) rfluflon'ufrflo.rri'uhih{rnon'rru'hin'ruotolunr:rJfrrio^4.r- 4 gt 4 d. | | Y

.l1u Btildnuatvtilunrrsurodoumfrorflurieuil:snoilroititlu flofrudorrrirtrJ{n'lrru

hiff.rnololunr:rlfrrior^.rru ld'uri nnru'[rig6r::r n'nruhirflu:vriiuu rnrM{'rlfrru-d

{lufi qrnrilonlu nrnirlrurdoruIn:run.rtt

fl0frtfi{ao{rJ:vmmfiuunoon0'rRriulqur6orro nrirrdo ilrf,un.rlo,lrildrflujo q9a b 14 q o .aua a 9tr I

ryanrqfirirhirfinnmruhifirnololunr:rJfirifi.rru 6sur?'irnsrrsflof,ufi uoiovfiryantqhfl

fion'lrruffwololunr:rJfrffi.rrurvirriu lunr{sr:{fiu{ru floil'urirquornrfluryarnqrirh?

rfionmru'hin'rnoltlunr:rJfrrlfi.nulddrrron6orirl#rdorua.rluiloo'ufi usifrrfirnfiilo0'udrdan 5, t 4 q q 16 ea d , t

oqlfiru-tdmrurun?ril'irnunvfrsnololunr:rJfrrifi.rru rfiu{usiornilqof,.rn'rrrl'hiff.rnolohJ#':

tarsrrirriu iltfrurirquosfit{aeion?rilquravn?rildsn?ndilrulunr:rixrunrihil6'rirbi'{-ti-9a3-----s--, i r r q d.i q qtylau^ o ulsr.tA J a q utJfrtifr'ttuti'l{luilrnfiuusiodr{1n fr.rfigsInh(rJflu-onur[r.rru1ffis^.rfiu6oilofrugrloniu

nt:ilouldutu.rrufirirfr'rnrueion?rildrrf ounvfrivrdtilt:oirlfinrousioqruriuld' fitvn.rlr

h?fl rJ6^rio^.rruot jxrdrnr'rrJdlrJ1:0rilaob?u::qrfl rrnrurufi ':rs1{


38

nralai (Maslow, t97 o: 24) ldofi uruuu rfi o rfi ur n-u n ?ril do{ n 1: uav n'lru fi t n o

loto.un4urililuvrqufiu:.rg'r1o (Motivation theory) 'ir urlurirfludor{fifinnrudornr:ogi

tdlJo ttavtilunr:urndu1udnsfinrrilfr'{ilolnqsqn unr{unrulurir.rraardul dnuarv

ranrvc,o{dintqudnô nr:rJq^rior^rfiohildrurd.rlufi.rdrJ:r:nur ruAoiiu:ldum$on'lrru

rJ:r:nurrfiofiu nr:n:vfirfiorgnrJqnrflr udrnerrufiruolofiosurornnr:iildr::qisrq-f--.-.-! -.--:- d-t-^^_-o!-4- t - 4 q 4 h '4 c ja,

GllJ:vd{n lIqnnt:ilmil5"lRAilniluRUn?lil?f.lflo l0iltolililrytol0fiilsiou:.rg.rloreilo

,riuoo',ounurnfiorlu:vusnaoo rflunr:lfinarruri'lurmaôrorfisrruriru'rrr",do4 r dt r j jo httasa - 'do'irrflusruotir.rrnu.rfifrorl6rlfrri6 6'.rriulunr:dnurn:rrun'wololunr:ficirud'rrro.r

fi orlu: vusuuurortod 6rdnu rrnnrrilodug.rlouirriu d.r6orfl urio.rro{{ruleuer :.r Iou4qAflRUl tUr:Oit

t. nrrrudrr$rlunr:drurn6orur:orluryusnaoe

2- nt:0oilillu1u6o rdu Rl:undo{Tilryu nr::-uf R1:udn{n?rru0u6 mio

uoru iu o r n u r: e rilf on uru ra

g. nrril flrenrfr 16'uri nr: ldrfi rurgun'rrrufuarrJ: yau nr:af

+. iinuatvcro{ir'ru ld'uri firn::runrrEi'lumdorr:nrrflufisfirnruilfon:rilsr4 dr ; r A r dr A jr a

ri: olllu dirutlllol,tu 1u rilufr.rfi irumFourn :?il0'{n']1ilfi oa: v lu nr: n: s fi r

s. n'lrru:-ufie5o1l td'uri nr:rJfrri6'.rrudldiuuulllnllu uasr?trnsdruriun'lrru

cl'ltJl:o ..

n':rildrr$rcruou'rurfuduoqjnhqnnadrJ6ri6o'ru d.rfinrnofauaylrurnofa

(Pigors & Mygerq 1973: 15) nrirlir {'rlfrri6.rrufifl?1ilflo.rilolnlu.rruqsdorurirhJ{na.rru

q.r uas flrHa{ru g.rdoru rirl#{rJfr ri6.rrufi nrrilfi{fl ololu nr:rJfr ri6r'rr g.,drd'ru dsriu-A-z--^^-q-9e---r+-qre---rr-d qgai A cr, J o. a I h rr 44do6olnr:l#fiorrJflrimilfriiflriluvrrJlilhffifiqorfioh{.rruriudrrioqei:.rlrJd'rud 6.rsiorfir

1#lfion'lufi.rnolo1unr:rJfrffi.rruriurfiuriou rilrrcrdofinrrfinnrrrufirnololunr:rJfrriorÎ d r6e^{llult6? n0silAiln{'ludrun'lrrun:ssroofoflu fin:rruirfiouolJuasy{u'turil1#{rufudrrirq

cirsbJdrud


ir:rn : ai rfiu:isrurrz536: e0) nudlilr: ard ld:-u nr: ri.rrairul#fi riru drrulu

nr:h?ururryrrnaonriouri'lriueq,0ryqn:oqjI:rnurura Inuhflriruurilrfion::uvir.r1 fr

nrrrufiruololunr: fi ci'lu:"lrb?uruqn:rurnn'irn4rdhil6';rnr: rirtaiu

n'rufirnololu nr: rJfi ri6o',uriu,fl ,,f uunuuorlufdndddfi n?rilqu I o{unna

oio.rrufirlfl^rifioqi uarnrrruffrnoloovrivrnsioriqlunr:rlfrrifinu ri'lunmruhifi.rnolotut

f A oa ;t 4 u I r tt dd 4 q i h tdontrilAUq{lilltu0yilft?'DJl,ttJ'tu9t:ilRutlil ou1{ ISnq fl?lultinlo tolJo{ltaauqflna tilil?u

YrYA r.a l trt ,, a v 4cfudo ol0tilauuttila{t l9tdilogt]ilnlat?al ttaydRl?ltt?9aoil 9{uultu1il140{n?:9t5?0

aoun:rrufiqnolnro.ru^nrlunr:rJ6risr'nr:fi riruirrulu:vusnaon rdorsldrirnr:ufrhuav

ri.rra?ruo.rrirhvnouoixllunr:rJ6^ri6fion::ru rfronouauornlilslornr:rorfior ru^ouao.rq, i s a 4 q Gl

ltYtlj',tYt l99r1ilnnlnil?{ uavtRnfl ?]lJ?t{uto l0 tulJmil'tYlt oilgtu

nr:d:sFun'lrruffruolo

rr9 6w"r", tqzs dr{6{tu nlrgour rufiorqua, x:ol ldncir':rdurfr'unr:inn'lrn

fi .rnoh'ir nr: ldr{rarru rd urio nlu ff .rvr olo ls u:'lru udaarrur: ain ld usi nr:ru n io rfl u ri r

nrru:anru{ouas uriqfl u n u.r rfu o c fi rl#r{rlo d n d.r d.r rm o n afi fi{hun olr uas'[rin olo 6'.r

J a^zl< a . A 4 q o Jo o 4uu 0{tJFlflRUl9?tnJttto{n?1il1I{tlIo 1014uu19t.{n1n]ilila1un'loltJttavuuRtilililil?s

il:srdurfi urfitldnuarsr{rnoil uoR0rnr:1#r{roouuuu6a:vud'ruu'ir iirurn: nr:

in s 6'nusrs 6o

t. rfl ur{rsrouttutjilrn:dud't lrating scate)

z. rflur{rsroll 2 yn{ (dichotomous)

:. fi r{rnoilh?r6onnaru{o lmuttiple choice)

+- h{r{ re oil I n uh?rJ : y ru ratrir6':ra t (numeric estimation)

s . n o u I q u fi r rn d o.rn ru r ua r u u r#u n :.r fi rJ : r n q n'l r ru urlri r rTu 4 n {olvisual

analog)

nflduao.r nlrrun^ouXu'ir nrr oouursr: 6'ud'ilfi #od : rj:y nr: 6o


N

l. deo?nlu{1ildlr?r rdo{flurnuudroyrirld{ru

z. nr:sr:rre6oiluulldorJnrrunv.iru fi donrruhiilrnilaruilrhnrya'ru

r.'irusionr:rJiuuJduu{onarrul#rfl uiirolhnfotrisoulooio{norLtdrulodu4-+----..-'-.A--q-r-- j - q d A e b ' o , rioer{ufi?1lJ9totuo.t ludlrJ'rroltoRn?'rilduEon?1ililo l0firoEqrril6iln?rru tilno1o'irogf,lo

----J_-4-,,t-t-.,-- o 4 o - r q q r Gt 4 4i ,oliluuoil lild'llJlrcilrunnl$oljooRnjufilgtou 2 yt1{?1 lro l0-1ililo10 f,{n?rudnrTrnrtusio

tuao.ttotn:rrufi.rvralo'liltudtnrrruhjff.rnolo ,uoolorfrfr.rfi{od n^o dlrr:ouri.rn{ru{'fi9 4 q l|t, I a e e.l 4A o a / aa:rqilfl'l'|il?lilllo Hl la$9rR9l'l{nu?rn'tunq!il uavu.uJfla9Holt'IR15?tnt'ts?tvll.ldon n?]ilugtR

t o v @ / aaa I911.1 lto{n1n oil0u uflo{n?'ttJdtJytuf yt't{dCIstuot0u R't'l

s r o- j j y jIouaqrJ 01RR1:ynlm?u?rrnrR:;tluayflanl:Toufrrfruuios Bl#r#u'ir fior

4 44 o- o q c 4 a a a /drrilurlnnaniln?lilrnnqu'tn luRl:5?utilaoil5ufilJlJ:yno{ryrililrJ'l:n14aactrillJytlj'tYtlj01 tu

:vuunnoo rfl uil:vaunr:ailmridfi nr'hirnurj:sdumriou n'lt1lu9t16I'ttJ'ttfiilda{uytlJ1yl

ldotir.ru,rrurvdilsr'riln?1ilnlnili{flordrnru rsrioldrfion'luffrnohlurmrrmuas6r'nJr:n

rJiu6'rsionr:rflufinrlffi dtriunururar*.rfiunurndrrTqlunr:deutr?finrlduanrunuryr

lu:vflcnaooldodrttuuvaru louri.rra?rurnil1mil^ordouosr{rdarulursusflaoo lud'ru

n:rruf n?'ltJd1lJ1;a r{gunfi uavu:rgrlolunr:uanruyrulyr usiodr{l:6nrrunr:dnur4- 4-t r e q o 4 r C @ d a lt:o.tR'ltlJft?ut?lJlJo.luff'l luSrusfiaonu{iln?'IilttoR9t'l{tfiu?RlJflato{lR't:tn5Oililnrriou

naoe d.rriurdol#nr:druurfislurdosnr:firirud'rruro.rfiorlu:susnaooulfrluil:yrna

lvruldrfiorJ:rluuriq.rqo ffio-u6.rldfiRUlf.rarosRr:risreiruuyrurnfinrsionrruderluyril'ryl

tunrnmrufirnololunr:firirudrrllursusnaoo rdorirnanr:at'udlflrtrf,orurnr:nu'ruta

luarc,rnr:ilulu1ail1ro'ruayvrr:n h?fi rJ:yfinf; nrnO.rdu


td

UilN 8

A,CI o A Au?fi9tltuunlt?ort

,ao d .*-----eg,-.A--.n1tl0ult I1JUR15?0UR{flAAO{ (quasi-experiment research) uuUdnutdo{n6iil*^^i^.a^.^^4^4--!aatinni{t60r tfraBnurnalo{n'lt.f{rd3ililnulnfrgidoR'lltdo.mytulnrlaynrrrufiwololu

ear r q s d al -Jn1:ild?u5?iltu5rusnno9 [ouu:ruasrduao'.ril

6'nsolv rhsumr$as n drun'a adm

rJ: sinnrdlfilu nr: dnurn9'rii6o fi ordiiqorr nuur nd{rn1r olil.rnh nn: : drms

naooYl'l{tlio{naonlult{ilulumililltlfun5f,inrtilrlt :ymdtrnoouruurautr1lrdou

nrnalnil zs/{ 0 rirrundnuourornriru6'aodr.rl{d,rddo u^ororq rs fldulil nrdnu.r

athrirdurhsouijd 4 fi nmu6rulnuas8udrdrieruln:rnr:io'oofrd fi nerilrdulouasfi

r?atq$aul:orlu:sucnaonnrildori'r?rue floqriufiorrrasil'lro1o{darr{'u rur:nrrflu

nr:rfrr:nfiorqor:dtrmdt t+zo ffilarr{rils6ililrnr:io'r, hiiinrrsrdarufonresun:n

dou : smdr n r: s,l n ::ri mr: nlun : : rioqilurirrJ nsr^dofi fi : u srfl u riau rir

t

sraruffi fi froroonornnr:6iRur

t. fiormiourrnrunrAnnr:r{rdrru?n-u:sfi ,ir{drrfiunr:in-r,

z. fiornrjruvroao.r'ld:-lnr: aou'hinru t oiu

r. fiorhio{r*rdrurrr'rfi ornr:rdun::dd

+. fi nrfi r'rnrlu n r:fi rirudrru lurvuynnonr?ou n,ir r fi,rlru.r

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42

il r r e rfi n ?'r ru 6 r rfl u do.r Ei r ds n a o n nr.r rn rir fio.r

nr: nlun:: rifi nrrrufi orJ nfimfofi nrrvum: ndou

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7.

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43

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rl4 4 a6rrA avtn:o{ rJon ttr tl.tRl:?ou

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45

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t. urudrunruoi{oruar{rh.l

z. unniovrofi n::runr:udoiulvnllvrfinrlu:cusnaona 4 a o alr r q a

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4a!/4a9,,CIitlJo'rIrc[9r{lJnil]ytilIR nyttuuTtou l4iltu0ilun]ttd9titlJvtulTtuou


46

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n'unmruff;n nrrilfisrfiutorfiorlunr:firiaudrulu:suvnaoo t{fiuagrodus,rr,fi

flnurrrndr:'urasrlutluitl'udrfiurrlor Ioufiuu'lnr:eirrsrriluuuion:rruno.rnololunr:fi_l-,--!_-_q-rr.._-. - -rS---_-._-- _ e J j - jfl?ut?rJ tilr.tilqgt:llBlsun:og tr.tllu1illa ro{?ttlRtBt lru??stul (?s36) doljoliltnu?

riunmrufdn n'rrrufinuluto{il15erlunr:firi:udlrltrfluruqn:naooriourirruormrrqor:o{

I:wururn d.ra9'rudu"rruuurfisnarrufirnololu nr:rlfr ri6.rru lunqu fi grlnuarri'rqu

(Ihe Motivation-Hygiene Theory)floilrAOfaruofn (Henberg, eL al-, 1959) il:ynoudru

flofrtlg.rlt 16'uri nlrudrtfotowru nr:uoruiufifio nerurlllmdr frnuarrro.rlll uas

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q ila lfinsr:rrj:srfiurir s drt finmrurf;orTurirdrurl:sfivrf;'uoadr = 0.88 dru:-unr:

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nrrru:-ufi oroulunr:ri'lttma^orur:otlu:yuvnnof l

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oatdARU0lgtlO'1n0R:5lJR'l:UlUt?lAO ttds

sr40loutnJ.lft?'llJT{.t1Io l09t'til n1:ttct9{ilrrl

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il:snoudru#onerruiiuanrnrrrufdn nerrufior#ulunufi rirud'rrulu:yuy

n ao g t o.ril^sr r dru u'l n tray druau

20,22,23, 26,30, 31, 33,34,35.

donmrufirflunrrau,$ru?u ls riold'uri

28,29,32.

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4, 5,'1, 9, LO, 12, 13, 19, 21, U, ?5, n,


47

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48

?lou 12-60nvtluu nvuuurJrn urrudrfinrfinaruffluololunr:firiaudrrulu:yusnaoe

rJrR nsuuurlou mrurudruôrfi n:rrufiwololu nrrfi rirud'lrutu:suynaoe#ou

fu "

u u o'r, usrs rniosfi ol u n r :r 6u rau : a ru r?o ry o

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z- air.r rn io.: fi o l#ao s n do,r rilior qil : ya.r r{r o.r n r: if,u t du rivlgL

ruu u dru n ru afi{ory arf,r lrJ

uruion q6R5 ru Rlrudorunurnfi nrlu:sosnaoo

2-3 uuionerrufi.rnololunr:fi ri'lud:ru1u:c0ynaooilo.r:Jâl

s.drrndo{ruôfi airrduh.hjf nuroror:tidrjf nurnr:iir'rrrnaorliurJq.ruff lr4. Rlret'?0doun1'lilnr{ilo{truljdoljo1il (validity) Iouffifiuriruuueuuolud

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n?'lilnormu lravtotduouuylJo{q!nslqar'1o{

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71

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49

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lloltto nlrillldo1Joliltln R ailfl ?ou1it

t,uiltgHgltR't:

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finrldnvnuurvirfiu l nurruuCopyright by Mahidol University

_Aarltar)35 rtJOilAlfllUtR0lcmn't:lJtvnJulta?

51

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52

a eyn1:?tFr:lvl41rotJotu

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dunil 4

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nriunnaotttarnrjrun'ruqlfidnuarvndrund.rrTulurio.rrloryariruqnna ncirrdonrjrunnnoir

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fililruruflfifinur o-tz fl rndu to.r it loufinr:dnur:vsTuil:yordnurrurn fiqn 1u.atu"

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:ruldsiorfl^ou 1,000-20,000 ulvuodu g,0t6.67 il1yr n{run,ruqrufi:ruld' 1,000-25,000 rl-ryli r o rd lnd Y

tadu t0,0go urn rirulnqjfi:ru1drrnn'jl.5,000 rLrm/rnoou (s6-67vo tl?ty 60.oovol rit z

n{ruu1ufioardillqytr ea.awa,iuilu) uavfiriaud'rrulunr:nnoquoirilrrolulu 24 f.lltt.r(63.33vo tLerl 7a.0ovo1 lorun{ruvroaotfi:vusr':artunr:firi':udlru l-o frrlru.r rndu t.os fr-lStaaIru.r n{runruqrufi:vuvnarlunr:firirud':ru r-z frlm rodu r.ro frrlu,r ri.:ur?orynnr:

naoefl oirrJl:orfi niur6o':riu rur:nrrirulmqjnnonrJn 6 eo.ooc. nrtil t6.67 vot tdiufl rrdrCopyright by Mahidol University

54

naoo (80-00vo ttdr 76.67vo) uavhildiuor:v$uilao (80.00%niurdu:6'u) fi:susnar

naoo 2ll-5oo urfi e3.33vo tras 63.33vd lnurur:orlun{ruvrnaosfi:vuvna'lndoo z2+73s

lrfi rqdu soo.o: urfi ,uou

t g &ur a y l - tilqdounlliltrgtR9i1{floitl,o{ayt? lil1o':ilaltrasto{aR'r5naoailoilll15o'ro'lRvlil 2 nqil flu'ir hifinliluonei'r.rorir.rfiriudrrTtgvrrsa66fi:vdu o.os (d.ruao.rlllunlrr,rii l uac 2)

do9Flalg.or9-911:1{ln l. ltd0ll0lU?U SOUAU ltAYtil:UlJtYlUUARU0lvl,O{nQil9l?Oulil9?U )C"-test

Fisher-test ttAU t-test

finuorvncjild'rotir.r nrjunnaot (n=30) nrjrun'llqr (n=30) R]:Ytsdo:J

{ru'ru 9ouav {ruru 9ouac

olgirarodrn'irnForvirfiuzofl s rc.67 4 13.33

2l-30 fl rs 63.33 21 70.00

31-4Sfl 6 20.OO s 16.67

Min-Max 18-38 19-35

Mean 26.87 26-70 t-test

SD 5-92 4.16 t= 0-13

:vd'rnr:dnur

il:varufinsr 14 46.67 lr 36.67

rinoildnur lo 33.33 lo 33.33

q.rn'irru-ruruflnur62o-oo93o-ooo 4lr d40]U'tltljYtf,flUl Min-Max +19

Mean 9.43

sD 4.24

o1tylt

ldu:wru

hi1#u:.r'rru

Gl7 t-test

10-33 t= 0.13

3_92

23 76-67 22 73-33 1'+est

7 23.33 E 26.67 I'=0.0E9

ordnldu:{{1u (ilrsnoudlu firur-firaru druu :-uflr.:l

orfrnhil#uiwlu 1il:rnoudru iu:rsnr: rL?fvrlCopyright by Mahidol University

))

nr:r{rii r. rsia) uenrdruru $ouns unsril6ourfiuild'nsflvto.rn{ruoTrodxd:u 1'-tesr

Fisher{est tlAY t-test

alutttAnuilvnqil9?Oul{ Rqilr4oao{ (a=30) nqiln.}ilqil (n=30) n1:Yl9douo9o9o'tu?u touas 0'lu?u touns

ln9, 4:'rr, [9] (il]n/raou)

4i'5,000 ljlyt?tto9t'tR?1 13 43-33 t2 40-00 1'+est

Sttr-ns5,001 lj'lYllju hJ 17 56-67 18 60-00 I =0.068

Min-Max 1,000-20,000 1,000-25,000

Mean 9,686-67 10,030

sD 14,936J8 9587.31

f,ldu1

{nn 29 96.67 29 96-67 Fisher-test

daarru | 3.33 I 333 fl.74s:yusr?atlunr:firiru

d'rru

I | ,i,suoun?1 2 u? trJ{ 5 16-67 5 16-67

z-+ frrlru.: p 63.33 2t 7o-oo

, L sillnn?l 4 u? lrJ.l 6 20-w 4 13.33

. Ivfin-Max 1-6 l-7 t-test

Mean 3.05 3.lO t=-0.13 "'

sD lJ8 t-41,

p>0.05


56

nmNfr z. rde{fluau 9ouas uavnl;0urfi0udnufl;toryanmnaoarolru'r:or dru

1'-test Fisher-test ltAg t-test

ololanuilsRqil0'ror,'r{ RQtlnono{ (n=30) nQiln?ilfllJ (n=30) R1sYlodou

6ruru 9ouac {ruru 9ouas

uu9R1:naoa

rjn6 n 9o.m 26 s6.67 Fisher-testA I A E9,.| 4Fl9ltJRsl (15nil il5o 3 .10.00 4 13.33 pEO500

ArnrorrgoqqqmlCI

nr:ldiunr:rdrnaoel

lrit6'iu 6 2o.oo 7 23.33 1'+est

1d5-rl 24 go.m 23 76-67 t' {.09E "'

nr:lfriuur:s$uilro

ldiuur 6 2o.oo 6 ?r.M t'-t*tthildiuur ?A 8o.m u 8o.oo 26'=o.moo*

:susnarluRlinnoo

(urfi)

211-500 22 .73-33 t9 63.33

501-800826-67930-0080r-r0@ 2 6.et

Min-Max 22+735 211-rc6/. r-test

Mean 477.16 5m.63 t=0-63 o"

sD 11s.84 t66,Jl

p>0.05


57

ruaRl:iloGroudililagru

a9r4dr4ral6frJtJgtslu1|ovt l-2 rilunl:f,RUlr.rauo{Rl5ditrd:lJlJYDJlyrnon'Httd9itlJytltlmrras

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rdortrnr:vrerrorlnl{dfifid'lu t-tot uu'ir ny$ultRt:uno{uytulytlog:'lrutorA t | | t .l o o- o i a - ^- A -a a y Aualnqilmoao{il'rRfl?1nqiln?ilfpJoulirtJuud'rniuYrryolJ 0.05 cNdultdquffiJrJetslutoll

r fincilrdr n{rufiorrdldiunr:rirn?ruumil'ryrudoinlyrrrnlu:suvnaooillRn'lrn{rufiorfiq

hildiunt:ritta?rurmurn uasrdofirnlrvrerdorlyn.rafifirflu:rudru nudr nruuunr:

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sir{ rYu odrs fi rludrd€U ii: s dil o.os 16'.r rau o 151u r',r'ro d r;


58

flr:r{d g. nJ?uurfiuuri'l,*dunuuoruuuR'l5rrdo.rilyriltvril^orlu:vuvnaoqf ou:?r,uar9t.!!rtr'r0o'lu rs14?r{nqilmnao{uarREiln?ilqil 9'ru r-tesr

ilt4ulytu^Fn u?{nuttuu u?{ng$uu Mean sD r-value

drflulrjld' o6.r

r. {'rflrqI

Rqilnqao{I

RAiln?Unil{q

9r et2- fl5?ilYttj

rnsRqilnoao{ 0-10 0-10 8.20 2-92 r.68

nrjrun':uqru o-lo 3-10 7.73 1.91

gtE3. flflndou

nrjrunnaor o-8 z-t 6.47 1.61 3.37*Inqiln?ilflrJ 0-8 0-8 4.w 2-o3

unrrnfiorleru:'rilJctn{ 3 01u

n{rumonor o-y+ t2-vr 2o.n 4s2 z.g3*

ncjrunruqru o-v[ Gz4 17.23 3.s7

x = p<0-05

nfiisurfiaunarrufltnololunr:ildauiarlu:ssluaaoo :rndr.rn{lnqao{uavI

nqiln?uqil

orn nrr fi il^srr{rurfi riru drrulu: yusnaoo ruaoionarruyroruolonyir fi ornriru

noaoiluasRcirunruqrufinsuuunllruff.rnololunr:firi'rudrillu:susnaondru{'rflrqrodu

33.80 ttas lg.+o nrildro'u nruuun?rilfr.rvrololunr:firirui'1ru1u:suvnaondrufldrrufiruj

tqdu oz-ot nav 62.47 nrildr6'il nsuilun?1rJff.rnolotunr:fici'lud'1ru1u:yusnaoodru{4ie{ndourilau 48.47 ilav +o.qr nrildrd'u uasiinvuuunmrufrwololunr:ficirudrillu:sns

0-6 3-6 5.60 0.81 1.97

0-6 3-6 5.13 1.01

naoofou:'rut{o a drurqdu ru.gluay 142.80 nrudrd'ilCopyright by Mahidol University

59

dorirnr:mndorril'r{d6fideu rt"rt utdrnruuunarrufftnolotunr:fi ri'ludrru

lu:suynaoslou:riluas:rudruro.rl^nrfi.r z n{ruhiuvrnsirrfi'uodrrfiriudrrTqfi:vsYu o.os

pi.rriuarurufigrur?ofi z finrira'ir n{rufieriilfiiunr:riueiruumil'riliin?'rtrff.rvrololunr:fi

riru:':rulu:susnaooillnn'hn{rufin'tdl*i1d'yuor:ri.rra?rurnil'rvr 6.rtrildiunr:aflaquu U grGl .i

(o{rrdlto l? tu9'r:]{Yl 4-)

i..rdoidqqasrr:rsii a. rilSuurfruun'usauroirersuuun?1illririlo r0 runr:rudrud:rulu:sovnnoo Inu

9tertt:?il$au:1uo'lu 5u?l?'rir nqilnqao{rtav nqiln?ilflil 9?u t-tesr

n'lrrun'qltolnlunr:fi dxnsrtuu dr{nvttuu Mean sD t-value

eirudurludruoitl drflu1rj16' o?.r

9ell. edrflle

IRAilnOAO.I

Inqiln,)ilfpJ9t al

2. ed:?ilvrilI

naililoao{I

nqilflxuqil9,q3. 4'{nflOil

RAililqAOilq

Iflailnlilnilqt

840 25-39 33.80 3.38 0-48 ""

8-40 28-39 33.N 3-01

15:75 43:75 62-63 7 -35 0-10 0'

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42759Copyright by Mahidol University

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65

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tljO.relJ. (T{rJlrnt{yl 6). nq{rytllilld'lltfit : q}na{ R50lill,t]i1tulnu-

r tddu: tmdorodrru. es2z). rur{uridrurtufluoqrinr:. nq{rnilil?rllJen: I:,rfirurf

ruurinurdu:rrurirumr.

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