© Agence spatiale canadienne

Répercussions des activités humaines sur la tolérance

des communautés et les services des écosystèmes

aquatiques du Saint-Laurent

Charlotte Carrier-Belleau, David Drolet, Christopher McKindsey et Philippe Archambault

Réunion scientifique annuelle de Québec-Océan

9 -10 mars 2020

Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006

Human activity

Human activity, driver, disturbance

Human activity

Acidification Hypoxia Nutrientenrichment

Environnemental stressor

Human activity, driver, disturbance

Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006

Human activity, driver, disturbance

Human activity

Increasedmortality

Decreased growthand reproduction

Loss of species or functional diversity

Disturbance

Acidification Hypoxia Nutrientenrichment

Environnemental stressor

Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006

Superposition

Adapted from Beauchesne et al. Under review (left) and Goyette et al. 2019 (right)

Intensification

N

P

Adapted from Beauchesne et al. Under review (left) and Goyette et al. 2019 (right)

Intensification

N

P

Superposition

Individual stressors

A

B

Resp

onse

vari

able

Stressorinteraction

Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018

Individual stressors

Additive

Dominance

A

BMax

B

No interaction

A + B

Stressorinteraction

Resp

onse

vari

able

Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018

Individual stressors

Synergy

Antagonism

Additive

Dominance

A

BMax

B

Nullmodel

A + B

Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018

No interaction

A + B

Stressorinteraction

Interactions

Resp

onse

vari

able

Objective

Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple

environmental stressors.

Objective

Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple

environmental stressors.

Limecola balthica

Mytilus sp.

Objective

Limecola balthica

Mytilus sp.

Intensity

Resp

onse

vari

able

Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple

environmental stressors.

Objective

Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple

environmental stressors.

Limecola balthica

Mytilus sp.

Number of stressors

Resp

onse

vari

able

Intensity

Resp

onse

vari

able

8°C

14°CTem

pera

ture

Experimentaldesign

8°C

14°C

Pulse Press

Tem

pera

ture

Salinity variation

Experimentaldesign

8°C

14°C

Pulse Press

Tem

pera

ture

N+

N+

N+

N+

N-

N-

N-

N-

Salinity variation

Experimentaldesign

8°C

14°C

Pulse Press

1 month 3 months

N+

N+

N+

N+

N-

N-

N-

N-

Experimentaldesign

8°C

14°C

Pulse Press

N+

N+

N+

N+

N-

N-

N-

N-

16 treatments x 5 replicates = 80 aquariums

Understanding stressorinteraction : an easy

cooking recipe

Synergy

Antagonism

A

B

Nullmodel

A + B

Resp

onse

vari

able

1. Plan a full factorial design

2. Stressor interaction (statistically)

3. Individual effect à Nullmodel

4. Combined response (< or >)

Antagonisticrelationship

F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434

* * *

N=15

Antagonisticrelationship

F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434

* * *

N=15

Antagonisticrelationship

F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434

* * *

N=15

Antagonisticrelationship

* * *

F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434

N=15

Mg2+

cont

ent v

aria

tion

rela

tive

to co

ntro

l con

ditio

n (%

) ±SE

What can weunderstand from

this…?

• 1 month = capacity to invest in calcification OR hypermineralization in response to stress ?

Findlay et al. 2011, Michaelidis et al. 2005

Mg2+

cont

ent v

aria

tion

rela

tive

to co

ntro

l con

ditio

n (%

) ±SE

What can weunderstand from

this…?

• 3 months = passive dissolution OR active use of the internal carbonates of their shell

Findlay et al. 2011, Michaelidis et al. 2005

Mg2+

cont

ent v

aria

tion

rela

tive

to co

ntro

l con

ditio

n (%

) ±SE

Why stressor interaction matters ?

Understand the combined effect of stressors on species of interest;

Understand mechanisms

Strategic samplingat a regional scale

−66.5 −66.4 −66.3 −66.2 −66.1 −66.0 −65.9

50.10

50.15

50.20

50.25

50.30

Sept−Îles

Gulf ofSt. Lawrence

●

●

●

● ●

●

●

●●

●

●

●

●●

●●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●●

0 1.14 2.29 3.43 4.57 5.71 6.86 8

Abondance de L. balthicaInform managers at a local scale

Coming up next –integrating tipping points

and multiple stressors

Resp

onse

vari

able

Intensity

Tipping point : situation in which and ecosystem experiences a shift to a new state, with significant changes to biological processes.

Integrative approach:

The case of Sept-Îles

#9 : Dreujou, Elliot, C. Carrier-Belleau, F. Ferrario, P. Archambault From Benthic Community to Multiple Drivers: An Integrated Multi-Approach Study of the baie des Sept Iles

#10: Dumais, Philippe-Olivier Modelling Benthic Communities in the Kitikmeot Sea Region, Canadian Archipelago

#25: Lavoie, CamilleBiodiversité pélagique et benthique des forêts de laminaires de l’Arctique canadien

Laboratoire d’écologie benthique

#29: Lescouzères, Fanny Caractérisation de la faune benthique d’eau douce dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent

AcknowledgementsThis research is sponsored by NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network (CHONe II) and its partners: Fisheries and Oceans Canada and INREST (representing the Port of Sept-Îles and City of Sept-Îles).

Philippe Archambault (supervisor), Christian Nozais (co-supervisor)

Christopher McKindsey et David Drolet (MPO)

All members of the benthic ecology lab !

Mortalité Contenuénergétique Minéralisation

Enrichissementnutriments

Variationsalinité

Mortalité Contenu

énergétique Minéralisation

Mytilus sp.

Limecola balthica

Augmentationtempérature

Effet positif 1 mois

Effet négatif 1 mois

SynergieAntagonisme Aucune interaction

Aucuneffet

Effet négatif 3 mois

Effet positif 3 mois

Antagonisticrelationship

Stressordominance

• Dominance of nutrient enrichmentthrough time

• Effect of nutrients may be positive or negative

• Importance of considering time of exposure

Stressordominance