Rapport du département d’Etat américain : du bon et du moins bon pour Maurice

8/20/2019 Rapport du département d’Etat américain : du bon et du moins bon pour Maurice

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rapport-du-departement-detat-americain-du-bon-et-du-moins-bon-pour-maurice 1/4

-----------------------------------

Mauritius – Tier 2 Watch List -----------------------------------

Mauritius is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, andchildren subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. Secondary school-aged girlsand, in fewer numbers, younger girls from all areas of the country, including fromRodrigues Island, are induced or sold into prostitution, often by their peers, familymembers, or by businessmen offering other forms of employment. Taxi drivers

provide transportation and allegedly introduce girls and clients. Girls and boyswhose mothers engage in prostitution reportedly are vulnerable to exploitation in

prostitution at a young age. Some women addicted to drugs are forced into prostitution. Women from Rodrigues Island are subjected to forced labor indomestic service in Mauritius. In recent years, small numbers of Mauritian adultshave been identified as labor trafficking victims in the UK, Belgium, and Canada.

Malagasy women transit Mauritius en route to employment as domestic workers inthe Middle East, where they often are subsequently subjected to forced labor andsex trafficking. In previous reporting periods, Cambodian fishermen weresubjected to forced labor on foreign fishing boats in Mauritius’ territorial waters.

Mauritius’ manufacturing and construction sectors employ approximately 37,000

foreign migrant workers from India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, andMadagascar, some of whom are subjected to forced labor.

The Government of Mauritius does not fully comply with the minimum standardsfor the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so.During the reporting period, the government made modest efforts to identify and

provide protective services to child victims of sex trafficking and continued toconduct extensive public awareness campaigns to prevent child sex trafficking andreduce the demand for commercial sex acts involving children. Despite thesemeasures, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing anti-traffickingefforts compared to the previous reporting period; therefore, Mauritius is placed onTier 2 Watch List. The government did not prosecute or convict any traffickingoffenders during the reporting period. Additionally, there remained a general lackof understanding among law enforcement of trafficking crimes outside the realm of

child sex trafficking, despite increasing evidence that other forms of traffickingexist in Mauritius, including the forced labor of adults. The government failed toidentify or provide any protective services to adult labor trafficking victims and didnot make any tangible efforts to prevent the trafficking of adults during thereporting period. For example, despite the presence of approximately 37,000migrant workers in Mauritius, the government maintained a severely inadequatenumber of inspectors in its Special Migrant Worker Unit tasked with monitoring



employment sites, and failed to proactively identify trafficking victims amongworkers protesting employment abuses. Instead, the government deported 20 suchworkers during the reporting period.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAURITIUS:Use anti-trafficking legislation to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenses andconvict and punish trafficking offenders, including in cases involving labortrafficking or forced prostitution of adults; provide law enforcement officials,magistrates, prosecutors, social workers, and labor inspectors with specific anti-trafficking training so officials can effectively identify victims, investigate cases,and refer victims to appropriate care; increase coordination between lawenforcement entities, NGOs, and international organizations on cases involvingforeign trafficking victims; establish procedures to guide officials in proactivevictim identification among at-risk populations, including women in prostitution

and migrant workers; create an inter-ministerial committee to increase coordinationamong relevant government entities; develop a national action plan to combattrafficking and allocate sufficient funding to implement the plan; increase thenumber of labor inspectors responsible for monitoring the employment of migrantworkers; and conduct a national awareness campaign on all forms of trafficking.

PROSECUTION

The government sustained modest anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts relatingto child sex trafficking, but failed to make any tangible law enforcement efforts toaddress adult forced labor during the reporting period. The Combating ofTrafficking in Persons Act of 2009 prohibits all forms of trafficking of adults andchildren and prescribes penalties of up to 15 years’ imprisonment for convicted

offenders. In addition, the Child Protection Act of 2005 prohibits all forms of childtrafficking and prescribes punishment of up to 15 years’ im prisonment; the JudicialProvisions Act of 2008 increased the maximum prescribed punishment for childtrafficking offenses to 30 years’ imprisonment. These penalties are sufficiently

stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such asrape. During the reporting period, the government reported nine traffickinginvestigations, but no prosecutions or convictions. This is a decrease from the

previous reporting period, when the government initiated five prosecutions butfailed to convict trafficking offenders. Eight of the investigations involved childsex trafficking offenses and one involved the forced prostitution of an adult; all theinvestigations remained pending at the close of the reporting period.

The government has never reported any prosecutions involving adult victims of sextrafficking. It has never taken any law enforcement action against labor trafficking



offenses, including forced labor on foreign fishing boats illegally operating inMauritius’ territorial waters and forced labor of migrant workers in theconstruction and manufacturing industries. The Minor’s Brigade of the Mauritian

Police Force referred 14 cases of child labor to the Ministry of Labor, IndustrialRelations, and Employment (MOL), but no additional law enforcement action wastaken; some of these cases might have involved child labor trafficking. Althoughthe police included training on trafficking to approximately 330 new police recruitsas part of their basic training requirements, with the exception of cases involvingchild sexual exploitation, there remained a lack of understanding of traffickingamong law enforcement and Mauritian officials generally. The government did notreport any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of government officialscomplicit in human trafficking during the reporting period.

PROTECTION

The government sustained efforts to protect child sex trafficking victims, but failedto identify or provide adequate protective services to other trafficking victims,including adults. The government identified two child sex trafficking victimsduring the reporting period, a decrease from seven victims identified in 2013. TheMinors Brigade systematically referred all cases of identified children in

prostitution to the Child Development Unit (CDU) of the Ministry of GenderEquality, Child Development, and Family Welfare for assistance. CDU officialsreferred one victim to a multipurpose NGO shelter for care. The government paidthe NGO approximately 7,565 rupees ($239) per month to care for the child. Theother victim was returned to her family. The government provided the two victimswith medical and psychological assistance in public clinics and child welfareofficers accompanied them to these clinics; police worked in conjunction withthese officers to obtain statements from the children. The government, partially incollaboration with a local NGO, provided two trainings on child sexualexploitation offenses to 83 government officials; these trainings focus on victim

protection measures. The MOL does not proactively identify child labor traffickingvictims and does not have a formal referral mechanism to ensure such victimsreceive care.

The government failed to identify or provide any services to adult victims of labortrafficking. The government identified one adult sex trafficking victim; however, itis unclear whether the government provided any services to this victim. Due to thelack of understanding of human trafficking among law enforcement, some adultvictims of forced prostitution and forced labor may have been penalized forunlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficking. For example, lawenforcement officers and prosecutors generally did not investigate whether adult



women were involuntarily engaging in prostitution. During the reporting period,immigration officials regularly turned back single Malagasy women, traveling ontheir own, with less than 4,200 rupees ($132) who attempted to enter the countryon tourist visas on the grounds that they might be coming to Mauritius to engage in

prostitution; some of these women might have been trafficking victims.Additionally, under Mauritian law, migrant workers who strike are considered to

be in breach of their employment contracts and can be deported at the will of theiremployers. Some migrant workers who gathered to protest abuses relating to theiremployment were deported during the reporting period; these deportations took

place without conducting comprehensive investigations or screenings to identify ifthe individuals were victims of forced labor. The 2009 anti-trafficking lawspecifically provides legal alternatives, such as temporary residency, to removal tocountries in which the trafficking victims would face retribution or hardship.

PREVENTION

The government sustained strong efforts to prevent the sex trafficking of childrenand reduce the demand for commercial sex acts, but demonstrated weak efforts to

prevent other forms of trafficking. The Police Family Protection Unit and theMinors Brigade continued extensive public awareness campaigns on child abuseand child rights at schools and community centers that included information on thedangers and consequences of engaging in or facilitating child prostitution. TheMinistry of Tourism and Leisure also distributed pamphlets warning tourismindustry operators of the consequences of engaging in or facilitating child

prostitution. However, the government does not have an inter-ministerialcoordinating body or a national action plan dedicated to combating all forms oftrafficking. The government did not conduct any awareness campaigns relating toother forms of trafficking and did not make any discernible efforts to reduce thedemand for forced labor during the reporting period. The MOL did not investigatechild labor cases during the reporting period, despite receiving information on suchcases from the police. The MOL is required to approve all employment contracts

before migrant laborers enter the country. However, reports indicate many migrantlaborers enter the country with incomplete contracts or contracts that have not beentranslated into languages that the workers understand. Additionally, the MOL’s

Special Migrant Workers Unit, which is responsible for directly monitoring and protecting all migrant workers and conducting routine inspections of theiremployment sites, was staffed by only four inspectors; this number of inspectors isseverely inadequate, as there are approximately 37,000 migrant workers currentlyemployed in Mauritius. The government provided anti-trafficking training orguidance for its diplomatic personnel.

Rapport du département d’Etat américain : du bon et du moins bon pour Maurice

Documents

Transcript of Rapport du département d’Etat américain : du bon et du moins bon pour Maurice