Poe Biol115 A Fall 2016 lecture syllabus[1] - CCSJ...Homework 3 Week 5: Oct 3 - 6 How cells get...

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2400 NEW YORK AVE. WHITING, IN 46394 TEL. 219-473-7770 773-721-0202 FAX 219-473-4259 COURSE SYLLABUS Term: FALL 2016 Course: BIOL 115 CELL AND EVOLUTION Lecture– SECTION A Instructor Information: Instructor Name Dr. Fiona Groninger-Poe Office Number: 331 Phone Number: (219) 473-4357 <leave a message!> Email: [email protected] To contact Dr. Poe using e-mail: 1. Use your CCSJ account 2. Put Biol115-A in the subject line 3. Compose and send your e-mail Hours Available: Office hours are posted outside of room 331; typically available 1:30-4:00 pm Monday through Thursday Instructor Background: B.S. Manchester University (Chemistry, 2008); Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Biochemistry, 2014); Science Olympiad Volunteer Event Supervisor (2014- present); American Society for Microbiology science teaching fellow (2013); Robert L. Switzer Teaching Award (2012). Research interests include microbiology, enzymology, agar degradation pathways, and sugar metabolic pathways in plant pathogens. Course Information: Course Time: Lecture: Monday and Wednesday noon – 1:30 pm Lab: Wednesday 10:15-11:45 am Classroom: 334 Prerequisites: Math 103 Required Books and Materials: Urry’s Campbell Biology in Focus, 2 nd Edition, 2016, Pearson Publishing ISBN – 9780134433769 Includes access code required for weekly homework assignments Learning Outcomes/ Competencies: Students will: Identify the overall structures and cellular functions of the four classes of macromolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids; Describe structure-function relationships found in cellular structures and processes; Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of cellular structures, organization, and life processes

Transcript of Poe Biol115 A Fall 2016 lecture syllabus[1] - CCSJ...Homework 3 Week 5: Oct 3 - 6 How cells get...

Page 1: Poe Biol115 A Fall 2016 lecture syllabus[1] - CCSJ...Homework 3 Week 5: Oct 3 - 6 How cells get energy (Ch 7.1-7.4): cellular respiration ; PART 2 energy (Ch 7.5-7.6; Ch 8): fermentation,

2400 NEW YORK AVE. � WHITING, IN 46394 � TEL. 219-473-7770 � 773-721-0202 � FAX 219-473-4259

COURSESYLLABUSTerm:FALL2016

Course:BIOL115CELLANDEVOLUTIONLecture–SECTIONA

InstructorInformation:InstructorName Dr.FionaGroninger-PoeOfficeNumber: 331PhoneNumber: (219)473-4357<leaveamessage!>Email: [email protected]

TocontactDr.Poeusinge-mail:1. UseyourCCSJaccount2. PutBiol115-Ainthesubjectline3. Composeandsendyoure-mail

HoursAvailable: Office hours are posted outside of room 331; typically available 1:30-4:00 pm Monday through Thursday

InstructorBackground:B.S.ManchesterUniversity(Chemistry,2008);Ph.D.UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign(Biochemistry,2014);ScienceOlympiadVolunteerEventSupervisor(2014-present);AmericanSocietyforMicrobiologyscienceteachingfellow(2013);RobertL.SwitzerTeachingAward(2012).Researchinterestsincludemicrobiology,enzymology,agardegradationpathways,andsugarmetabolicpathwaysinplantpathogens.

CourseInformation:

CourseTime: Lecture:MondayandWednesdaynoon–1:30pmLab:Wednesday10:15-11:45am

Classroom: 334Prerequisites: Math103RequiredBooksandMaterials:

Urry’sCampbellBiologyinFocus,2ndEdition,2016,PearsonPublishingISBN–9780134433769Includesaccesscoderequiredforweeklyhomeworkassignments

LearningOutcomes/Competencies:Studentswill:

• Identifytheoverallstructuresandcellularfunctionsofthefourclassesofmacromolecules:lipids,carbohydrates,proteins,andnucleicacids;

• Describestructure-functionrelationshipsfoundincellularstructuresandprocesses;• Compareandcontrastprokaryotesandeukaryotesintermsofcellularstructures,

organization,andlifeprocesses

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• Describecellularprocessesusedtocreateenergy• Demonstratetheflowofinformationincells• Describebiologicalfundamentalsofcurrentissuesinbiotechnology(suchascloning,

DNAfingerprinting,genetherapy,andstemcellresearch)• Defendtheroleofevolutionintheorganismsweseetoday• Explainevolution’sdrivingforcesinpopulationdynamics• Developanddefendhypothesesrelatedtocellularprocessesandmolecularbiology;• Developanddefendhypothesesbasedonhealthcareissuessuchasimmunizations,

cancertherapies,andgeneticallymodifiedorganisms• Designandexecutesimpleexperimentswithappropriatecontrols

CourseDescription:Athreecredithourclass.Introductiontobiologicalconcepts,includingoriginsoflife,biochemicalprinciples,energetics,cellularorganization,mechanismsofheredity,andevolution.Studentswillexploreunifyingconceptsinbiologicalsciencewhiledevelopingkeyinvestigativeskillsnecessaryforscientificexplorationandhypothesistesting.Includeslaboratory.LearningStrategies:Flippedclassroom,activelearning,BlackBoard,groupdiscussions,teamprojects,collaborativelearning,laboratoryexercises,demonstrationsExperientialLearningOpportunities:Laboratoryexperienceisessentialforafundamentalunderstandingofthescientificmethod.Thiscoursehasarequiredlaboratoryportionthatprovidesstudentswithexperientiallearningthroughexperimentaldesign,hypothesisdevelopment,datainterpretation,andcommunicationofresultsthroughlaboratoryreports. Assessments:

Quizzes Given at the beginning of class; covers the lectures posted on BlackBoard; lowest 3 scores are dropped

5ptseach=approx.100pts

LectureExams 90 minutes, 5 total; lowest score dropped 150ptsx4=approx.600ptsLaboratoryReports Rubric available on BlackBoard; lowest score

dropped50ptsx10=approx.500pts

Homework ACCESS CODE FOR CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IS REQUIRED. Homework will be assigned through the companion website, with a link available on BlackBoard. lowest score dropped

10ptsx12=approx.120pts

ClassParticipation Prepared for class, polite and respectful, helps with in-class group work, shows attentiveness throughout, conversations stay on topic; three scores in this category are dropped WATCHING THE LECUTRE VIDEOS ONLINE MUST BE COMPLETED PRIOR TO CLASS MEETING TIME, OR POINTS WILL BE LOST IN THIS CATEGORY

5pts/day=approx.100pts

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GradingScale:100–92:A91–90:A-89–88:B+ 87–82:B 81–80:B-79–78:C+ 77–72:C 71–70:C-69–68:D+ 67–62:D 61–60:D-59andbelow FLECTURETHEMES:

1. Evolution2. Structure/functionrelationships3. Externalsignalscontrolmanycellularprocesses4. Understandingofbiology/biologicalsystemscanbenefityou

LECTURETOPICS:Exam1:Sept26

1. TheChemicalContextofLife(Ch2)2. CarbonandtheMolecularDiversityofLife(Ch3.1-3.4,3.6):Macromoleculesofthecell3. CarbonandtheMolecularDiversityofLife(Ch3.5):Proteinstructureandfunction

Exam2:Oct174. ATouroftheCell(Ch4.2-4.6)5. Cellmembranes:structureandtransport(Ch5.1-5.5)6. Howcellsgetenergy(Ch7.1-7.4):cellularrespiration7. Howcellsgetenergy(Ch7.5-7.6;Ch8):fermentation,photosynthesis

Exam3:Nov78. Cellcycleandcancer(Ch9)9. Meiosis(Ch10)10. DNAandRNA:replication,structure(Ch13.1-13.3)11. DNAandRNA:centraldogma,transcription,translation;mutations(Ch14)12. Controlofgeneexpression(Ch15.1,15.2)13. Biotechnology,GMOs,vaccinations(Ch13.4,15.4,18.1;additionalreadingonBlackBoard)

Exam4:Dec514. DescentwithModification(Ch19)15. TheEvolutionofPopulations(Ch21.1,21.3,21.4)16. Broadpatternsofevolution(Ch23)

Exam5willbecumulativeandoccurduringsemesterexaminations;itwillcoverallprevioustopics.DUEDATES

• DAILY(checkwiththeinstructorifyouareabsent)o Quizzeso Inclassassignments

• WEEKLY(checkBlackBoardfortheseassignments)o Homeworko Pre-labsaredueatthestartofthatlabo Labreportsaredueatthestartofthenextlabmeeting

o DiscussionsectionmustbetypedandsubmittedviaBlackBoardANDprintedandstapledtothelabhandout

o Thecompletepacket(handout+typeddiscussion)maybeturnedinbyhandingtotheinstructor(preferred)orslidingunderofficedoor331.

WHENINDOUBT,CONTACTTHEPROFESSOR.

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CourseSchedule:

ClassDate Assignmentsdue ClassDiscussion/ActivitiesWeek1:Sept6-8TheChemicalContextofLife(Ch2)Lab1Introductiontolabsafetyandplagiarismworksheet(availableonBB)

ListentolecturesonBBReadcorrespondingbookchapterPurchasethetextbookwithaccesscode(checkBlackBoardforcouponcodeandinstructions)

SyllabusquizLabsafetyquizPretestIn-class1

Week2:Sept12-15SEPT13–LASTDAYTOADD/DROPTheChemicalContextofLife(Ch2)CarbonandtheMolecularDiversityofLife(Ch3.1-3.4,3.6)Lab2Polarity

ListentolecturesonBBdue9/12and9/14ReadcorrespondingbookchapterPrelab2due9/14Lab1due9/14

In-class2In-class3Homework1assigned(LinkthroughBlackBoard)

Week3:Sept19-22CarbonandtheMolecularDiversityofLife(Ch3.5):ProteinstructureandfunctionATouroftheCell(Ch4.2-4.6)Lab3AgarCubes

ListentolecturesonBBdue9/19and9/21ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework1due(seeBB)Prelab3due9/21Lab2due9/21

In-class4In-class5Homework2(LinkthroughBB)

Week4:Sept26-29Cellmembranes:structureandtransport(Ch5.1-5.5)Lab4DiffusionEXAM1–SEPT26SEPT30–LASTDAYTOWITHDRAW

ListentolecturesonBBdue9/26and9/28ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework2due(seeBB)Prelab4due9/28Lab3due9/28

In-class6Homework3

Week5:Oct3-6Howcellsgetenergy(Ch7.1-7.4):cellularrespiration;PART2energy(Ch7.5-7.6;Ch8):fermentation,photosynthesis

ListentolecturesonBBdue10/3and10/5ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework3due(seeBB)Prelab5due10/5Lab4due10/5

In-class7In-class8Homework4

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Lab5RespirationOCT3–MIDTERMGRADESPOSTEDWeek6:Oct10–13Howcellsgetenergy(Ch8):fermentation,photosynthesisCONTINUEDCellcycleandcancer(Ch9)Lab6Cellcycleobservationsinonionroottips

ListentolecturesonBBdue10/10and10/13ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework4due(seeBB)Prelab6due10/12Lab5due10/12

In-class9In-class10Homework5

Week7:Oct17-20MEIOSIS(ch10)DNAandRNA:replication,structure(Ch13.1-13.3)DNAandRNA:centraldogma,transcription,translation;mutations(Ch14)Lab7MeiosisPopbeadsEXAM2:Oct17

ListentolecturesonBBdue10/17and10/19ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework5due(seeBB)Prelab7due10/19Lab6due10/19

In-class11Homework6

Week8:Oct24-27Controlofgeneexpression(Ch15.1,15.2)Biotechnology,GMOs,vaccinations(Ch13.4,15.4,18.1;additionalreadingonBlackBoard)LAB8Transcription/translation

ListentolecturesonBBdue10/24and10/26ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework6due(seeBB)Prelab8due10/26Lab7due10/26

In-class12In-class13Homework7

Week9:Oct31–Nov3Biotechnology,GMOs,vaccinationscontinuedLAB9DNAextractionfrombananas

ListentolecturesonBBdue10/31and11/2ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework7due(seeBB)Prelab9due11/2Lab8due11/2

In-class14In-class15Homework8

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Week10:Nov7-10IntroductiontoEvolutionLab10GelelectrophoresisEXAM3–NOV7(a3x5”indexcardofnotesisallowed)

ListentolecturesonBBdue11/9ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework8due(seeBB)Prelab10due11/9Lab9due11/9

In-class16Homework9

Week11:Nov14-17DescentwithModification(Ch19)Lab11:Virtualevolutionlab

ListentolecturesonBBdue11/14and11/16ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework9due(seeBB)Prelab11due11/16Lab10due11/16

In-class17In-class18Homework10

Week12:Nov21–24TheEvolutionofPopulations(Ch21.1,21.3,21.4)NOV24–26THANKSGIVINGRECESS(NOLABTHISWEEK)

ListentolecturesonBBdue11/21ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework10due(seeBB)

In-class19Homework11

Week13:Nov28–Dec1Broadpatternsofevolution(Ch23)

ListentolecturesonBBdue11/28and11/30ReadcorrespondingbookchapterHomework11due(seeBB)Lab11due11/30

In-class20In-class21Homework12

Week14:Dec5-8

EXAM4Dec5

DEC9–LASTDAYTOWITHDRAW

Homework12due(seeBB) In-class22

Week15:Dec12-15SEMESTEREXAMINATIONS

NoassignmentsdueExam5–cumulativeDate/TimewillbeannouncedonBlackBoardandinclasswhentheexaminationscheduleisposted

Ireservetherighttochangethisscheduletomeettheneedsoftheclass.

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Responsibilities AttendingClass

Youcannotsucceedinthisclassifyoudonotattend.Webelievethatintellectualgrowthandsuccessinhighereducationoccurthroughinteractionintheclassroomandlaboratories.However,wedonotwanttopenalizestudentsforparticipatingincollege-sponsoredevents.Whenyoumissclassbecauseofacollegeevent,youmustgivenoticeofyourabsenceinadvance,andyouareresponsibleforallmissedwork.Beingabsentdoesn’texcuseyoufromdoingclasswork;youhavemoreresponsibilitiestokeepupandmeettheobjectivesofthiscourse.Attendanceiscountedasbeingpresentfromthefirst10minutesofclassuntiltheendoflectureandlab.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytomakeattendanceapriority.Anyonemissingafterthefirst10minutesofclasswillbemarkedabsentunlessawrittenexcuseisprovidedwithin24hoursoftheoccurrence.Similarly,anyoneleavingearlywithoutawrittenexcusewillbecountedasabsent.Participationthroughregularattendanceisrequiredtobesuccessfulinthiscourse.Therefore,ifastudentisabsentmorethanthree(3)times(excessivetardinessiscountedasabsence),thestudentwillbesubjectedtoagradeofForFWperpolicystatedundertheWithdrawalfromClassessectiononthissyllabus.Intheeventofabsenceduringanexam,thestudentwillreceiveaZERO(0)onthatexam.Thelowestexamscoreisdropped,sothatexamscorewillnotbeconsideredwhendeterminingthefinalgrade.Ifastudentisabsentduringmorethanoneexam,thestudentwillreceiveaZERO(0)foreachexam,butonlyonegradewillbedropped.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytoensureattendanceonexamdates.Intheeventofmultipleexcusedabsences(withacceptabledocumentation),itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytocontacttheinstructortodetermineanappropriatecourseofaction.Intheeventofabsenceduringlab,thestudentmustcontacttheinstructorwithin24hoursoftheabsencetodetermineanacceptablecourseofaction.Eachlaboratoryexerciseisdifferent,andinsomecasesamake-uplabwouldbeimpracticalduetocostsortimerestrictions.Aswithexams,onelabreportisdroppedsooneabsenceispermittedwithoutpenalty.Forexcusedabsences,make-uplabsmaybepermittedattheinstructor’sdiscretiononlyifanacceptablesubstituteassignmentcanbedetermined.ALLWORKISDUEONTHEDUEDATESPECIFIEDINTHISSYLLABUS.Ifastudentisabsentonlab2,thestudentmuststillturninlab1duethat

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day.Contacttheinstructorifanextensionisneeded.See“TurningInYourWork”below.

TurningInYourWork

Youcannotsucceedinthisclassifyoudonotturninallyourworkonthedayitisdue.Duedatesarespecifiedforeachassignmentonthissyllabus;anychangeswillbeannouncedinclassandpostedonBlackBoard.

ASSIGNMENTSWILLNOTBEACCEPTEDAFTERTHEIRDUEDATES.Youmayrequestanextensioninwritingatleast24hoursinadvanceoftheduedateforassignments,butitisuptotheinstructor’sdiscretionwhetherornottoallowanextension.

Ifyouareabsentthedaythatanassignmentisdue,followtheseguidelines:

• HOMEWORK:turninviaBlackBoardonitsscheduledduedate

• IN-CLASSACTIVITIES:itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytocollecttheassignmentanddothisworkindependentlyafteranabsence.Creditisawardedforexcusedabsencesonly.

• QUIZZES:cannotbeturnedinlateormadeup;studentwillreceiveazeroonallmissedquizzes.

• LABREPORTS:turninviaBlackBoard,e-mail,campusmail,orhandedintotheprofessoronitsscheduledduedate;youmustcontacttheprofessortodeterminewhattodoaboutmissingthelabsection

Allassignmentscanbesubmittedviae-mailifalinkisnotprovidedthroughBB.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytorequestextensionsinwritingfromtheinstructor.

UsingElectronicDevices

Electronicdevicescanonlybeusedinclassforcourse-relatedpurposes.IfyoutextoraccesstheInternetforotherpurposes,youmaybeaskedtoleave,inwhichcaseyouwillbemarkedabsentandwillloseparticipationpointsfortheday.

ParticipatinginClass Youmustbeontime,stayforthewholeclassandspeakupinawaythatshowsyouarepreparedforclass.Ifyouarenotpreparedforclassdiscussion,youmaybeaskedtoleave,inwhichcaseyouwillbemarkedabsentandloseparticipationpointsfortheday.Studentsmustbepreparedforclass,politeandrespectful,helpwithin-classgroupwork,showattentivenessthroughoutclass,andensurethatconversationsstayontopic.WATCHINGTHELECUTREVIDEOSONLINEMUSTBECOMPLETEDPRIORTOCLASSMEETINGTIME,ORPOINTSWILLBEDEDUCTED.2pointswillbedeductedforeachinfraction,uptothemaximumpointsfortheday.GradenoteswillbeenteredonBlackBoarddescribingthescore.

DoingYourOwnWork

Ifyouturninworkthatisnotyourown,youaresubjecttojudicialreview,andtheseprocedurescanbefoundintheCollegeCatalogandtheStudentPlanner.ThemaximumpenaltyforanyformofacademicdishonestyisdismissalfromtheCollege.

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Usingstandardcitationguidelinestodocumentsourcesavoidsplagiarism.Forthisclass,youMUSTuseAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS)style,availableonlineforfreeatthefollowinglink:http://pubs.acs.org/userimages/ContentEditor/1246030496632/chapter14.pdfBesuretouseyourownwordscompletely(useyourownsentencestructurenotjustathesaurustochangeafewwordsorphrases),citeyoursourceparentheticallyinthetext,andattachaworkscitedpagetotheendoftheassignment.Ifyourpaperissimilarinsentencestructure,phrasing,figures,etc,toanotherstudent’sbothstudentswillbepunishedbasedontheseverityoftheplagiarism.

WithdrawingfromClass

Afterthelastdayestablishedforclasschangeshaspassed(seetheCollegecalendar),youmaywithdrawfromacoursebyfollowingthepolicyoutlinedintheCCSJCourseCatalog.

ResourcesStudentSuccessCenter:

TheStudentSuccessCenterprovidesfacultytutorsatalllevelstohelpyoumasterspecificsubjectsanddevelopeffectivelearningskills.Itisopentoallstudentsatnocharge.YoucancontacttheStudentSuccessCenterat219473-4287orstopbytheLibrary.

DisabilityServices:

DisabilityServicesstrivestomeettheneedsofallstudentsbyprovidingacademicservicesinaccordancewithAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)guidelines.Ifyoubelievethatyouneeda“reasonableaccommodation”becauseofadisability,contacttheDisabilityServicesCoordinatorat219-473-4349.

CCSJAlerts:

CalumetCollegeofSt.Joseph’semergencycommunicationssystemwilltellyouaboutemergencies,weather-relatedclosings,orotherincidentsviatext,email,orvoicemessages.PleasesignupforthisimportantserviceannuallyontheCollege’swebsiteat:http://www.ccsj.edu/alerts/index.html.Inaddition,youcancheckothermediaforimportantinformation,suchasschoolclosings:Internet:http://www.ccsj.eduRadio:WAKE–1500AM,WGN–720AM,WIJE–105.5FM,WLS–890AM,WZVN–107.1FM,WBBMNEWSRADIO78TVChannels:2,5,7,9,32

Emergency Procedures MEDICAL EMERGENCY

EMERGENCY ACTION

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1. Call 911 and report incident. 2. Do not move the patient unless safety dictates. 3. Have someone direct emergency personnel to patient. 4. If trained: Use pressure to stop bleeding. 5. Provide basic life support as needed.

FIRE EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Pull alarm (located by EXIT doors). 2. Leave the building. 3. Call 911 from a safe distance, and give the following information: • Location of the fire within the building. • A description of the fire and how it started (if known)

BUILDING EVACUATION 1. All building evacuations will occur when an alarm sounds and/or upon notification by

security/safety personnel. DO NOT ACTIVATE ALARM IN THE EVENT OF A BOMB THREAT.

2. If necessary or if directed to do so by a designated emergency official, activate the building alarm. 3. When the building evacuation alarm is activated during an emergency, leave by the nearest

marked exit and alert others to do the same. 4. Assist the disabled in exiting the building! Remember that the elevators are reserved for persons

who are disabled. DO NOT USE THE ELEVATORS IN CASE OF FIRE. DO NOT PANIC. 5. Once outside, proceed to a clear area that is at least 500 feet away from the building. Keep

streets, fire lanes, hydrant areas and walkways clear for emergency vehicles and personnel. The assembly point is the sidewalk in front of the college on New York Avenue.

6. DO NOT RETURN to the evacuated building unless told to do so by College official or emergency responders.

IFYOUHAVEADISABILITYANDAREUNABLETOEVACUATE: Stay calm, and take steps to protect yourself. If there is a working telephone, call 911 and tell the emergency dispatcher where you are or where you will be moving. If you must move,

1. Move to an exterior enclosed stairwell. 2. Request persons exiting by way of the stairway to notify the Fire Department of your location. 3. As soon as practical, move onto the stairway and await emergency personnel. 4. Prepare for emergencies by learning the locations of exit corridors and enclosed stairwells.

Inform professors, and/or classmates of best methods of assistance during an emergency.

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILL/RELEASE EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Call 911 and report incident. 2. Secure the area. 3. Assist the injured. 4. Evacuate if necessary.

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TORNADO EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Avoid automobiles and open areas. 2. Move to a basement or corridor. 3. Stay away from windows. 4. Do not call 911 unless you require emergency assistance.

SHELTER IN PLACE EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Stay inside a building. 2. Seek inside shelter if outside. 3. Seal off openings to your room if possible. 4. Remain in place until you are told that it is safe to leave.

BOMB THREATS EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Call 911 and report incident. 2. If a suspicious object is observed (e.g. a bag or package left unattended): • Don’t touch it! • Evacuate the area.

TERRORISM AND ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS EMERGENCY ACTION

1. Call 911 and report intruder.

RUN, HIDE OR FIGHT TIPS:

1. Prepare – frequent training drills to prepare the most effectively. 2. Run and take others with you – learn to stay in groups if possible. 3. Leave the cellphone. 4. Can’t run? Hide – lock the door and lock or block the door to prevent the shooter from coming

inside the room. 5. Silence your cellphone -- use landline phone line. 6. Why the landline? It allows emergency responders to know your physical location. 7. Fight – learn to “fight for your life” by utilizing everything you can use as a weapon. 8. Forget about getting shot – fight! You want to buy time to distract the shooter to allow time for

emergency responders to arrive. 9. Aim high – attack the shooter in the upper half of the body: the face, hands, shoulder, neck. 10. Fight as a group – the more people come together, the better the chance to take down the

shooter. 11. Whatever you do, do something – “react immediately” is the better option to reduce traumatic

incidents.