29+ Transcendence Ends in Politics

Here we want to regain for our being [Dasein] two distinguishing prop-eroes of the original Greek essence of science.

Among the Greeks an old story went around that Prometheus had been the first philosopher. Aesch)'lus has rhis Prometheus utter a saymg that expresses the essence of knowing.

TS)(ln} au8evecrrepa (Prom. ed. Wit.)

"Knowing, however., is far weaker thaIl necessity.'" This is [0 say: all knowing about things has always already bLocn delivered lip to over-powering fare and fails before it. Jusr bcC.lUSC of this, knowing nlUst dL--velop its highest defiance; called forth by such defiance, all the power of the h.ddenness of what is must first arise for knowing really to fail. Just in this way, what is opens itself in irs Wlfathomable inalterability and lends knowing its truth. EncoWltering this Greek saying about the crea-tive impotence of knowing, one likes to find here all too readily the prototype of a knowing based purely on itself, while in fact such know-ing has forgotten irs own essence; this knowing is interpreted for us as the "theoretical" attitude. ("Self-Assertion." p. 472)

There then follows the passage on theuria (and thus energeia) that we have already seen.

Techne means, then, "knowlt:dge"; or rather, ill order not to invert the order of things here, "knowledge" means techne. Philosophizing as such, the challenge by which knowlt.-dge aims to acct.-de to the "veiled being of what is" is in its very failure (by which, nevertheless, is pro-duced the manifestation of what is) "tt:clmical." Or, what comes down to the same thing: tht.-ory is energy, bcing-at-work, and efft.ttuation, wirken and Verwirklithun,g. Metaphysics, in other words, is the essence of teclmique, which is understood as energy or creation and which is the "combat" against the power of Being (and the superpower of des-tiny) that is to make possible the relation to what is in gt.,..eral and to open the possibilities for the existence of historial Dasein. Being-in-the-world, in this sense (finite transcendence), is tt."Chnique. From this perspt:ctive, we may perhaps better understand the equivocal Geschick to which Sein und Zeit referrt.-d bcing-in-community; just as we may certainly understand better the fanlous phrase from A" Introduction to Maaphysics, which summarizes fairly well, finally, the "message" of the Address concerning the truth and inner greamcss of Nazism: "namely the encounter between global technology and modem man." .. 1

But this is a properly Nietzscht.-an dett.-nnination of"tcchnique" (of

...... A" IntrrJduaum to MetaphysICs. p. 199 Tecbllc IJi here again defined as knowledge. "

Transce"dence Ends in Politics 295

"metaphysics"). Not only because it presuppost."S that knowledge is thought in relation to will-the Willen, for example, that "Vom Wescn des Grundes" drew from the Umwillen, the "for-the-sake-of" [or "in view of": en vue de] that is constitutive of transcendence, and that is at the same time "in view of" the world and in view of Selbstheit, of the self or the subjectivity of what modem philosophy thinks as the sub-ject. But it is a Nietzschean determination above aU in that Being itself is thought as power, and because the articulation of will and power (it is the power of Being that wills the powerless and creative wiU to knowledge of Dmein) is finitude itself: the finite transcendence of Da-rein as the finitude of Being, whose power is subjt.-ct to the superpower of destiny.

For this reason, the doctrine of hcgt.mony, that is, the doctrine of the "spiritual mission," leads back also in a profound sensc to N ie-tzsche. Thus, for example: 'VOYhe third bond of the student community binds it to the spiritual mission of the Gennan people. This people shapes [or "works at": wirkt] its fate by placing its history into the openness of the ovt.TWhelming power of aU the world-shaping powers ofhwnan being [Dmein], and by ever renewing the battJe for its spiri-tual world" ("SeIf-Asst.ttion," p.4-76).

For this reason again (but from what source can we decipher it, if not from the long debate: with Nietzsche, and also with Jiinger,42 which begins in effect with the "retreat" OfI932J.-I93S?) it is the whole vocabu-lary of what I have caUed elsewhere ontotypology that comes to punc-tuate the Address throughout: Priigung or Gepriige, the stamp, the imprint, or the type; Gestalt, figure, or stature43-a motif, as we know, that Hcideggcr will end by crediting to the "plastic" metaphysics of Nietzsche (to the "philosophy of the hanunt.T"), that is, to a particular interpretation of schcmatism, itsdf referred to the conception (as old as Platonism) of the "poetizing essence [dichtende Wesen: rendered es-sence fiaionnante in the French] of reason." An adequate analysis of this

4l. See The Question ofBe"'BJ trans. WlIham Kluback and Jean T. Wilde (New York: Twaync, 19S8).

+3. For t.'Xamplc: TIle faculty IS a faculty oilly if, rooted in the essence of Its sc:iem:e, l[ develops into a faculty for spiritual legislation, able to shape those: powtn ofhwnan being lD1ZSt1H 1 that press It hard into the one spiritual world of the people'" ("Self-Assertion," p. +78). Or ag:lln' "The Gcnnan University Will only take shape and come to power when the three services-Labor Service, Anncd Service, and Knowledge Service-primordially coalesce and become olle fonnathrc fort.'C [pnrgende" Knlft)" (Ibid., p. +78) Everywhere, as we might t.-xpcct, the v

Transcendence Ends in Politics

motif would quickly show how lightly we arc accustomed to assume without further prt.-caution that the Heidegger of 1933 is based on Junger: for the Gestaltung, in the Addrt."SS, the figural conferring of sense, is never for a moment "work" but is "knowlt.-dge"-and knowl-edge as techne. In the same way the Gestalt is not the Worker but the Philosopher: Nietzsche, the modt.TIl double of Plato. And whose "hero," in a word, is named Prometheus.

I stop here: I would like, provisionally, to conclude. And not simply to say (this is an account, I think, which is often

cirrulated) that the political commitmt.-nt of 19~3 derives from the in-sufficiently radical posing of the qucstion of Being as it "begins" to ar-ticulate itself in Sein unll Zeit. Not, if you prefer, to say simply that Hcidcgger's "fascist" temptation is to be imputed to his starting point in a desire for the (re)foundation or restomtion of metaphysics, and is hence to be set.n as perft.-ctly compatible with his declared hostility to the side of neo-Kantianism and of L"Pistt.mology (of all imaginable fonns of Fachphilosophie), but above all to the side of "philosophy of culture" and of attempts to "realize" metaphysics anthropologically. Hcidcgger's political commitmt."Ilt is undeniably "metaphysical," in the strictest and most powerful sense of the term: he repeats or means to repeat the initial gesture of Nietzsche (no doubt overlooked), that is to say, taking due account of an irreparable historial brt."ak, the founding gesture-for the West-of Plato. oW And in this light it was no doubt one of the last possible grand philosophic"political gestures.

This version is probably "just." It is not, for all that, sufficient. And first bt.-cause the other side of the coin seems to nle more and more suspt.-ct on many grounds. The other side of the coin: namely, the sym-mt.-rrical version, moreover given considt.-rable credit by Heidcgger himself, according to which., cured by the lesson of thc Rt.-ctorate (or enlightt.-ned by the test of politics)., the thought of Bcing would suc-ceed in taking the step that inconlffiensurably separatt.-s the qucstion of the sense of Bcing from the question of the esst.~ce of Beillg, or the

++ To whom the Rl."Ctoral Address leav~ the: last word, through a ~'trallslatlon" whose Idcologko-politil."3l ovc:rdctcnmnation III only roo c\'idcnt. "But we full)' undcr-stand the splendor and the grcatnt.'Ss ()fthl~ setting out only when we carry Wldlil'l our-'iClvcs that profound and far-reaching thoughtfulness that gave ancient Grc..'Ck wisdom dlC word ., 'All that is great stands in the stoml .. (Plato, Tile Rep"bl;c, +97d9)" (,'Self-Assertion," p 480).

Transcendence Ends in Politics 297

t!ntcrprisc of thc restor arion of mt.1:aphysics from the attt.-n1pt to "pass beyond'" metaphysics.

With respect to this necessary corollary of the earlier version it is not, again, that one can say it is sinlply false. On the contrary, it corre-sponds in a tOtally unarguable way to the manner in which Hcidegger followed, after 193+, his own itinerary-or to the "way of thought" that with some difficulty opened up to him after that time. And it is . difficult to forget that the first "result" of the episode of 1933 is the pure and simple collapse of fundamental ontology. But apart from the fact that too many things from the earlier career subsist or maintain themselves after the too notorious Kehre and consequently resist the auto-deconstruction of Hcidt.-ggerian philosophy (or, rather, the always self-justifying and thus ambiguous deconstruction of Sein und Zeit), there is-at least this is the hypothesis I find myself compelled to for-mulate from where I now stand-a formidable unanswered, or unfor-mulated, question that continually haunts Hcidt."ggerian thought from I Sein und Zeit to the last texts. And this unformulated question, again ~ from where I now stand, seems to me not unrelated to the question of the political.

I want to speak here of Hcidegger's constant refusal, as it St."CITlS to ( me, to take seriously the concept of mimesis. I say "refusal," of the con-cept as of the term (or, what amounts to the same thing, as I have tried to show: the pure and simple acct."ptance of its Platonic depreciation),"S because on the other hand it seems to me more and more difficult not to St.-C a fundamental mimetology at work in Hcidcgger's thought. V1

What, in fact-to stay within the confines of the territory I have marked out for myself-what is the world if not the product of what we should indeed agrt.'C to call an "original mimesis"? What is the world, if not an original mimeme? There would be no "real," says "~Yom Wcst."Il des Grundes," there would be no "nature" in the accepted St."Ilse-but also, it is repeated everywhere, phusis itself could not break out in (and from) its unfathomable retreat, there would be no "earth" of The Origin of the Work of Art or "forces of earth and blood" of the Address-if there were not, projected from the unprcsentable "milieu of what is'" (from the attunenlcllt, the initial and distanccless Gestimmt-heit of Dasei11 to the being that dominatt."S, traverses, and impregnates it), an Uimagc," itself nlOrcover inlperceptible (unpresentable), of a pos-sible preselltation of what is. If there were not, in other words~ a "sche-

+s. Sec: ~Typ()graphy."

Transcendence Ends in Politics

matization" or, which is the same thing" a teclme . .f6 The structure of transcendence is the very structure of mimesis, of the relation between phusis and techne, taken over from Aristotle and Kant, and rdnterpreted.

Now this would be of no consequence "politically speaking" (although we might wonder about that) if toward its conclusion Sein und Zeit did not open out onto the theme of tradition as repetition, that is, as imi-tlltio~the motif, as we have seen, of the "hero," which is probably in-separable from what An Introduction to Metaphysics will define as the autht.-ntic thought of history: mythology.47 Or if, in the same spirit, the Rcctoral Address did not divide itsclfbctween (at least) three great ag-onistic scenes, there also of characteristically Nictzschean design.

The scene of "hegemony," of course. But also that of the relation betwt.'Cn mastt.T and pupil, in school or

university. Thus, for example: "'Ibe teaching bodys will to essence must awaken and strengthen and thus gain the simplicity and breadth nt."Ct."Ssary to knowlt.-dge about the essence of science. The student bodys will to essence must force itself to rise to the hight.~t clarity and discipline of knowing ... The two wills ntust confront one another, ready tor battle" ("Self-Assertion," pp. +78-+79). Or again, a little fur-ther on, this paraphrase (for University purposes) of polmws, "father of all": "Battle alone kt.'Cps this opposition open and implants in the en-tire body of teachers and students that basic mood which lets self-limiting self-assertion empower resolute selt:examination to genuine self-governance" ("Self-Assertion," p. +79).

And finally the major scene of the historial or historical agonistic, of the nect."SSary repetition and the nt.-ccssary radicalization of the "Greek beginning. "

Science, as you will remember, could "find its true consistency" only on condition that the German University place itself anew "under the power of the beginning" of the spiritual-historial existence of Ger-many: "the irruption of Greek philosophy." To which Hddeggcr added shortly afterward the following, which hardly requires conunt.-ntary:

But doo.n't this beginning by now lie two and a half millennia behind us? Hasn't human progress changed science as weU? C..crtainly! ... But this docs not mean that the beginning has been overcome, let alone brought to nought. For if indeed this pnnlOrdial Greek science is some-thing great" then the beginni1f!J of this great thing remains what isgreat-

4-6 Sec JCeln Bcaufrctt '~PIIJSIS et tedml','n Aletbein '-2 (January 196+). +7. All Ir,trotiucUoII to MetaphysJcs. p. I~~.

Transcendence Ends in Politia 299

I$l about it ... The beginning stiU is. It docs not tic behznd us, as something that was long ago, but stands before us. As what is greatest, the beginning has passed in advance beyond aU that is to come and thus also beyond us, The beginning has invaded our future. There it awaits us, a distant com-mand bidding us catch up with its greatness. ("Self-Assertion," p.473)

I do not recall this text for the thought about time, or even exclu-sively for the thought about history that it contains, but for its political tenor. Because like every thesis about history, and it is a thesis about history, it takes a political stand. It seems to me Loven that it formulates very prccisely, and in the terms that since Lessing and Winckdmann have beL" those of German historico-political thought, the matrix of the response that is properly the Hcideggcrian response to the German political problem par excellence: the problem of national identification. Which, like all problems of identification, is a problem of imitation-and inevitably at the same time of the refusal of imitation. The thL-ory of the beginning, in other words, is the Hcidcggerian (that is to say, up to a point, still the NiLttschean) solution to the immense historical double bind in the grip of which Germany has struggled since the end of the Renaissance and the decline of French neoclassic imperialism, which is perhaps the dL-cline of Latin domination (in relation to which revolutionary and postrevolutionary neoclassicism was unable to re-cover ground).4a This solution, in principle at least and except for its radica1ity, is, as in Nietzsche, paradoxically of a Winckelmannian type: "We must imitate the Ancients . . . [to be understood: bettLT than the others have] in orc.k~ to make ourselves inimitable." That is, it is not the Schillerian-Hegelian solution (the dialectical solution, the Auf hebung of the Greek moment, rejL-cted here under the name Uberwin-dung), or (or at least not yet) the Holderlinian solution, if it is a solution; not even, in spite of everything, the "linguistic" solution of the Fichte of the Discourse to the German People. The Wiederholung rL"P resents another model, the determination of another means of identi-fication and another rdation of imitation, in rL-ality infinitely more powerful than all the others because it is the model of an identification with (or an imitation of) Jvhat btu taken pl/Uc 1J1itbout taking place, of a pa~t that is not past but still to come, of a beginning so great that it donlinates ever), future and remains still to be effected: 111 short, of an irruption that must be wrenched out of its oblivion or its more-than-millennia! reserve through the nlo.~t extreme violence of combat (Kampf

48. Sec Chapter 4. nbovc. Als() Phihppe Lacollc-LabMdlc and Jcan-Luc Nal1~:Y, "'I.e mythc nazi," forthcoming.

300 Transcendence Ends in Politics

or polemos). It might perhaps be appropriate to call this solution "po-lemical." It outlines in any case the sharp and somber contours of a task whose accomplishment Heideggcr. at a certain period, believed. incon-testably to be incumbent on the German people (his own pt .. ople, be-cause he wished there to be one).

An unacknowledgt:d mimetology St."Cms to overdetermine the thought of Heidegger politically. This remains to be shown. It leaves us, today at any rate, with a question: Why would the problem of iden-tification not be, in general, the essential problem of the political? 49

49. 1 set this qucstlon against the background of work on Freud carried out m col-laboration wlrn Jcan-Luc Nam.y. "La paniquc politiquc," Cmifrontatums 2 (1979): 33-S7; and "Le pcuplc juif nc reve pas," in A. Rassial and J. J. RassiaJ, LA psychnntd.:vsc cst-clJe "lie histoire juive~ (Paris: Scuil, 1981)., pp. ~7-92

Memorial Note

Two years before his death in 1983, Eugenio Donato conceived the project of prcsc.. .... ting the work of Philippe Lacout.--Labarthe in En-glish. In collaboration with Lacoue-Labarthe, he made an initial selec-tion of cssays, and by 1983 he had seen and begun to edit "Typography," "Holderlin and the Greeks," and what was then an incomplete version of "The Echo of the Subject." He had also found a translator for "Di-derot: Paradox and Mimt.osis." Several wt.-eks after his death, I discov-ered through a chance rt.mark by one of his students that a nwnber of the translations were nearly complete. I asked Lacoue-Labarthc's per-mission to continue the project as a memorial to Donato, and invited Christopher Fynsk to take OVt.T Donato's task of editing the translations.

With characteristic loyalty, Donato had drawn upon the project's potential benefit to his students, st."Cing to it that all who were capable of negotiating Lacol1e-Labarthe's prose were given an essay to trans-late. I have attemptt.-d to nlaintain Donato's wish in this regard. With the exception of"Transcendcn

302 Memorial Note

Barbara Harlow, translated a nlissing piece herself. Though the work of Donato's friends constitutes only the most prelinlinary effort toward the prescnt volume, it indicates the nunlber of people who came for-ward to pay homage to Donato and to his comnutment to Lacoue-Labarthe's work.

Translation was, for Eugenio Donato, more than the nt.-ccssary means of passage bctwL"CIl the languages and cultures (Armenian, Egyptian, Italian, French, English, and American) in which he lived and worked. He took on the task of opening pathways between these cultural worlds almost as a mission, and would have translated, if he could, everything his generous and ket.'ll critical sense told him should be shared by the conununity to which he belongt.-d and to which he dt.-dicatt.-d himself. In the years before his death, he became especially dt."Voted to the task of bringing Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe's work into English. His admiration for Lacoue-Labarthe's efforts to assume in his critical writings, to Utranslate," the heritage of the German philosophi-cal tradition undoubtedly helped dictate this choice. But more particu-larly, there was a shared taste and sensibility betwt."Cn the two men, a love for painting, music, and poctty which both of them were com-mitted to developing in analysis and thought.

In his article "Idioms of the Text," in which he discussL-d the prob-lematic of translation and its treatment by Lacoue-Labar the, Donato noted the varit.-d but related definitions of iibmetzen giVL~ in Grimm's Deutrches Worterbuch. "Among its meanings,'" he wrote, "we find 'to transport from one place to another,' 'to transform,' 'to metamorphosc,' 'to jump over or above something.' And incidentally, here Grimm sig-nificantly gives the example den Abgrund ubersetzen, ht.-nce to jump over an abyss or groundless space." The continuation of Donato's project has assumed all these meanings of "translation." While it has involvt.-d numerous "transportings" of manuscripts, it has, more strik-ingly, reminded all those inVOIVL~ of the "transfonrung"-indt.-cd, the "hyperbolic"-charactcr of such a projt.'Ct. I know I speak for Donato in expressing thanks to those who were willing to make that leap: first to Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe himself, who gratefully agreed to let me rt.-nL"W this project after Donato's death and to dedicate it to his mem-ory; to Barbara Harlow, who quickly, and under great pressure, filled in with a translation of "The Echo of the Subjt."Ct"; to Homer Brown, Jocl Black, Tom Conley, Jacques Dcrrida, Rodolphe Gaschc, Josue Harari, Judd Hubert, Marie-Helene Huet, Lindsay Waters, and Sam Weber for their help and guidance~ to Wilda Anderson, Eduardo

Memorial Note

Cadava, Alain Cohen., Richard Macksey, Kerry McKet.'Ver, Kishin and Angela Moorjani., Edward Said, and Ningkun Wu for their much-needed support, and last-bt.-cause especially-to Christopher Fynsk for the splendid job he has done.

Had Eugenio livt.'

A Note on Sources

"Desistance": Translated by Christopher Fynsk. "Typographie": Originally published in the collection Mimesis: Des

articulMions (Paris: Flammarion, 1975), pp. 166-275., copyright 1975 by Flanunarion. A portion appeared in translation in Diacritics 8 (Spring 1978): 10-23., and this translation has been used lu.-re, with some modi-fications., with the pennission of the Johns Hopkins University Press. TranslatL-d by Eduardo Cadava.

"L'echo du sujet": Originally published in Le sujet de la philos()/Jhie: Ty-pographies I (Paris: Aubier-Flammarion, 1979), pp. 217- 303, copyright 1979 by Flammarion. Translated by Barbara Harlow.

"La dsure du spiadatif": Originally published in Friedrich Holder-lin, L'Antigone de SDphode, edited and translated by Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1978), pp. 183-223. Collected in L'imitation des nwtiernes: Typographies II (Paris: Galilee, 1986), pp.39-69, copyright 1986 by Galilee. The translation presented here is based on the translation by Robert EisL .... hauer in Glyph 4 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press., 197+), pp. 57-8+.

"HiiJderlin et lesgrecs": Originally published in Poetique +0 (NovLm-her 1979): +65-+7+. Colk"Cted in L'imitatUm des modernes: Typographies II, pp. 71-8+, copyright 1986 by Galilee. Translated by Judi Olson.

"Diderot: Le paradoxe et la mimesis": Originally published in Poetique +3 (September 1980): 267-281. CoUL"Cted in L'imitation des modenJes: T:vpographies II, pp. 13-36, copyright [986 by Galilee. Translated by Jane POppe

((La transcendance fink!t dims La politiqtu": Originally published in the collection Rejouer Ie politique (Paris: Galilee., 1981) .. pp. 171-214-. CoIIl."Cted in L'imitation des modernes: T."Ipographies II, pp. 133 - 173, COpy-right ~ 1986 by Galilee. An initial version of Petcr Caws's translation appeared in SociRl Research +9 (SUll1nlCr 1982): +05-4+0.

Index

Abraham, Karl, 3"h J7, 151, 1S4, ISS, 156, IsS, 159,. 166, 168, 175, 11~ 119, 181, 188

Adorno, Thcodor, 196t 211, 226 AeschyJm, 256, 291 AlalMur, 23,25,27,66,69,78,19,81,82. 8s,.

87, 9~, 95, 98, 99, 118. 119, IW. 121. 125. IlB, 137, 212, 2.JI

Allemann, Seda., alB Ancienrs and Modems, 21 ..... nl. 2J6-2,4I,

24-3, Z46 Anrigone. 109, 110 ~ loJ3 Anzieu. Didk:r. 196 Archilochlls. 199 Arendt, Hannah, 2.70. 27~ Aristophancs, 1J4. Aristotle, 8, 60, 66, 70, 81,84-, 104, 116, 200,

21+-219, 2n, 227, :1.J2., 2*, 218. 24\, 2~5, 257. 26s, 191. 2,98

Amim. Achim von, 180 Amim, Bc..'ttina von, IW Augustine. :a86 AutobIOgraphy, JI-32, ~ ..... 4-0, 14-0., ..... 2, 145.

1+8-151, 167. 168, In. In. 1'76-179. 189. 191, 196

Ra~h, Johann Sebastian, u ..... 195 1\3l1b,-'5, Roland, 159, 160 Batailk:, Georges. 9, ICX, 106, 117, 118, 12of.,

I.B.208. 170 Bateson. Gregory. 15 Bcaltfrct, Jeall, aw, lU, 2~1. 2SS Beethoven. Ludwig van. :H. 161, 168. 17~,

lZO Sclaval, Y\,on, 2U-.3n

Benjamin, Walter, 211, 2.4-l Benvenisre, Emile, 31, 159, 199, 200, 2.01 Blanchot. Maurice, 1 .... 3. 269 Bottie, Etienne de la, 179 BOhlendorff, Casimir Ulnch, 24Z. 24~, 244,

246,247 BoIune. Jakob, 237 BorchJacobscn, Mikkd, 79 Borges, Jorge Luis, 100 Brcntano, Bcttma (Bc..-mna von Amim), 139 Brcntano, Clemens, 180 Bruch, Max, 151 BuhIO\\', Hans von, 11, *' rs6. 168, 172, 181,

19:1., 196, 199

Caesura, IS, J.h +2, 234, 2.35 CasalI, Pablo, 196 Cassircr, Ernst, 27 .... Celan, Paul, 6, 64-CcI'\'aIltes, Miguel dc, 10~, 112; Don QUIXOte,

130 Chnsr, 109, uo. 111 Ciccro, 159 Clauscwi t'I, Karl vall. 2,91 Comtc, Auguste, 16, ......

Damlsch. Hubert, ~ Dante, Alighicri, 130 Dtmtcll,nlg. ~, II, H. 17. 18., 5~, 57. ~9. 62-65,

69. 71-7~, 77. 79, 8a, 8'7.90-92. 104-106, 117. 133, IJ6. 2,UI

J)c:ICU7..c. Gi1Ic.~, 17, 107 de: Man, Paul, I~ Dt.'111C.'JCI"itus, 200

306 Index

Dernda, )acqlk."5, 101, 105. 106, IU. I*, I.P. 16~, (99, 22+. ~~6

l)CSCOlrtCS. Rcn~, 286, Cartesian reversal, S~-S7

D;chtl"'g. 60. 69, 149, 17J, 210. 21 .... I)idcrot, Denis, 14-5,236, U9-!66 Dlogcno tacnius, 96 DIOnysUS, 51. 61, 120. 122. 129 Donaro, Eugenio, 103, 112 Double bind, ~ .. , 8, 24-, J+, 35, r7, 40. ~

223. 2.31, 2.36, 2f7 Duprtcl, EugCnc, 1~4 Durand, Gilbert, I JO

Empcdoclc..-s, 117, 218, 219, Ul ErtJ.9'~ 96, 212. Eunpidcs, IH

Fc:dem, l>aul, I~, IsS fC::-dlcr, frallCjois, 268 ficht~ Johann Gotthc..-b. 216, US, 2040, UI,

2.72, 2.99 Fink, Eugcn, 95, 100 FOnagy, Iv~ 160 Foucault, Michel, 17 freud, Sigmund, 8, 16, ~2. 34-, 30(-40.52.

(02, 107, 113, 130 ,14-1, 14b. 14-7, .... 9, 151- 153, I~, 158, 159, 16~ 16S, 166, 168, 170, 171,173-176, 178. 179. 181-18~, 185, 188, 190, 192,-195, 197, 199, 2.0+, UX, 2.06, liS,

2.2.J. 300

Gcncttc, ('..trani, 122, 131, 2.14-Georgiades, Thrasybul~ 100 n Gmalt, IJ, 18,51.53-61. 69-71, 119, 171, 296 Gmell. ~ 6, 13.14-, 18, l~, 58-73,79,81,96 GIrard, Ren~. 25-2'7. *' 102-13 .... 168,170,

175, 223, 2lJ Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. ~8, 49, 160,

1~. 164, 166, 168. 170,174-,177. 178,2.J7. 2,8. 1+1, 241. 2U

Habcnlla.." Jurgen, 171 H~cl. (icorg Wilhelm rncdnch. 16, 18, H.,

+h ~2, ~~, ~6, 51, 63,88,92., 102, lOS, 107, 109, 110, 118. 119, 127, 1~2.. IU, 171, 172., 173,

2.08, lO9. 214-217, 11" 2.". ~9, z..t.O. 24', 2.72., 17'" 299

Ht.idc:ggcr, Martin, 3, 7-21,23, 25-30, ~2-3S, 37, ~0-69, 72,7 ... 70-90, 93. 96-99. 101, 10~. 106. IlO, 111. 12J. 121,

137- 1,,1, 14-2.. 1"3, 195, WO, WS, 110-:U~

2U, 231, 235, 2fr!-,oo Heraclitus, 31, 2.12. Hc:rdc:r, Johann ('lOttfrk-d von, 77, 216 Herodotus. 200 HC:Slod, I.~O Hesse, Hc:nnann, 1"~ Hitler, Adolf. 1~ Hdfinann, Ernst Thcodor, I4-S, 170 Holdcrlin. fricdrid~ 6, Z+, 2.~, 33, 40. ~.

107, 1~9, 208-247, 152. 157, 199

HomlT, 130, IJ+. Ill. 2.~ Husserl, Edmwld, 192

Idcnnfication, 7, 8, ~7. 48, .. .., 170, 186,12.3. 299,300

lrigaray, Lucc, 129

Jaeger, Wcma. 199 JanOWItz, Gundula, 203 Junger, Ernst, 18, 52, ~+-51, 59, 6~ 82, 89.

171, 29S. 196

Kahn, Gilbert, 2.2 Kant, Immarucl. 16, +4. 70, 142. 178, 2.01,

2.08, 112. 213, 214-, 116, no, 1~1. 236, 1~7, 239,1++. US, 268, 27,,211,286, 290,292, 191.198

Kleist, Heinrich von, 238. 2.39 Klopstock. Friedrich Gottlieb, IS.., IS5, 181.

195 Klossowski, Pierre, 76, 89, IZZ Kofman. Sarah, 147 KoUcr, Oswald, 77

1..3CoUl, JacllUcs, ~. 8. 16, ,1- ,8. 113. 12.7. 121, ",1, 156, 164. 168, 169. 170, 172.-17S

Laporte; Roger, 14S Lciris, Michel, 1"5 1.essing. ('lOtthold Ephraim, 2.99 l.cuciPI')us, n, 34, wo 1..c\in3S, Emmanucl. 13 LCvi.Straus~ CJaudc, 169 J .uth~, Mamn, +9

Mnd4mc Bom,:". I~O Mahlcr, Gustav, 34. ~7. IH. I~S. 156, 1

Index 307

MartlllC3U, Emmanuel, 273 Man, Karl, S1., 8~ 89 M3ugham, Somerset. 193 Mette, Alexander, .... 7 MimesIS, 1. 3. 7. 8., 18. 11. 22. 1S - ~I. 3" - ~7, ~, 6S, 73. 7S. '77-80, 82.-92, 9+-JCX, 108-110. 111-112., II~-Ill, 12~-I2.S, 12.7,129,

131 133, IJS-I)8, 1+4. 187. 189, 191, 19S. 2.01, lOS, lO9. 210h :118, 223. 227. ~34. 2.~. 2.~9. 255, 251-2..60, 263-266, 297, 298

Mimetology, 2.1, 26,35. 37,81, b, 9~, 100. 2.31, 239.2.60, 2Vl. JOo

Montaignc. MIchel dc. 179 Moritz, Karl Philipp, 2J6 Mortier, Roland, Z~2 Mosc:s, 17'" Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 226 Miillcr, Hemer, 2.36

Nancy, Jcan-Luc. 6, 3S. loP, 2.70 , 299, 300 National Socialism, 271, 2.7St 219 Nazas, 1.68, ~ Nicttsche, Friedrich W., 7-12., 16,19- 2.0,

29. 33, *' 37, ..... +J-49. SO-S7, 59-62, 6S. 70, 71-73, 81,89-91, Vl, 99, 102, 107, lIoh 116, 122, 12.4. 12.9, 14-0-14-7, ISO, IS", 151.

161, 171, 178, 18S-18'7, 196. 2.~, llS, Z37.

2++. 2.47,272 2.90, 291, ~3, 2.95-299 Navalis, 130, :m

Oedipal stnK.'fUrc (or scenario). 32, 39. 108, II+. I3+, 169, 170,190,2.05,2.17, u8

Oedipus, ~2., J06, 107. 116. l20n, 2.16, 2.32.-2.3+-Onto.typo-Iogy. SS, 71, 72., 75. 128

Palacl, J., 172. Panncnidcs. 51, 5~. 9~, 14-20 PIJa,.",., IO~, 10~ 107. liS, I~. 219. 2n Pindar, 2.11, 2042 Plato, 8, I~ ;'.1, ~ 2,,-1.6, 31. 40. oH-+h 49,

m, 'II, S;-S6, S8, 5'), 66, 68, 70-81, 85-9~, 94--108,110, 111,115, 1I9-11J, 12"-127, 12.9,

1~0-1~8. 16~, 171, 189, 191, 19~, 194-, ~oo-

2.02.,100, U7, 2.W, lSO, 2.~, 291, 296 l>oiesis. 66,68, '71-7+' 78. 80, 82-87,90.91,

131. 2.1 .... 256. 2.S9 PrlJmc:theu~, 394-. 21}6

Proust, Marcel, 10~ 112., I"'~

Rank,. Otto, II ~ Reich, Hennan, I*n

Rclk, Thcodor. s. 13, 32., *-4-1, 146-1~1. 1S3-169, 172- li~. 17$-176, li8-11Lt, J86-1~, 197-200, 2.03-ZOS

Rcy, Jean-Michel, 12.4 RlJlltlnnos, H. 199, 101 Rhythm. ~ 6, 8, ~1-J4., 39-+2.,1250 'S9, 161,

194, J9S, 197-199, 101-2.0~. 2OS, 2.06, 2*

RJlk.c. Rainer Maria, 18, 5:1, Wo. 56, 59, 6~ 81 R.lmbaud, Arthur, In Robbc-Grillct, Alain, 122 Robctt, Manhc, 130.172 Rohde. Erwm. 43-so, Sl, ~7, 59, 6l. 190. 196 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, IS, 16, w.. .... 1, +h

+S, 47, 1+4, 238, lSI, ~ Ruckert, Friedrich, 103

Salomt, Lou, .... 3 Schelling, Friedrich Walhchn Joseph, 61, 76,

107, 109, 21+-2.19, 222, 22~ ns, 2.l6. 2,33, 240, 2.41,2'7+

Schiller, Friedrich von, 10'7, ISO, 186, 2J+, 2.U, U3, u6, 1~1, 2.37-243, 2.S2., 2.s6, 2.99

Schlegel, August Wdhelm von. 140 ScWegcl, Friedrich von, 16S, 196, 239, l.f.O,

Z4+ Schonberg, Arnold, 191 Schopcnhaucr, Arthur, .... ~. Vl. 14-2. Schuhl, Pierre-Maxi me, 9J Shakespeare, William, 111, 174-Socrates, So, sz.. S3. 82., 88, 91-9~, Vl-IOO,

10J, 106-110, 122, 124-116, IJ~-13S. 161, 2.01

Solger, Karl Wtlhdm l!erdinand, 77 Sophocles. 6, 106, 107, 122., 17 .... 109-2.11. liS,

2.17, 219-1.21, 221, 126, 1'ZJ. 2.32., 13~, 1+2., I4S-147

Stcndhal, 103, 1+5 StC\cns, Wallace, 34-, w6- 2fr/ Subject, 2., ~ S, loh 16-18, 2.~, 2.7,39, ll, ~3,

36,40, S+. 6~ 89, 90, 92., 12.7. 119, 1~6. I~i, .... I-I ... ~ IS1, 1"R-175. 186, 19S. :w8,11 ....

116. 218, 231, l.f.8, l6S. 266 S,.ondi, Pcrt!r, 211, 2.1~, 216, Uof., 226, ~7

TtcJmc, flS, 2J8. l.f.J, 293. 2.94-, 296, 2.98 Technology (TtdJII;k). 6s, 66, 6K Tlr:~ Johann l.udwig-, IS] Tm..'sia.'i, +2 TranslatiOn, ~, 6, 1",2.3. 60, 1~'1, 220, 121, 247 TraJlmpiel, .p, 2J~ Typography, 29, )0, 127. uS, .+1, 178

308

U,uJei",l,dlke,t (and tlns U"Iim/khe), 8, 9~-94, lCOl, 189. 194, JS)S, 243

Valc.i"y, Paul, 139 Veith. Ilya, 129

Wagner, Richard, IlZ, 129. 14S

Index

Wdxm, Anton, wS WCl~ Simone. 109, llJ Wmckdmann. Johann Joaclum. l~6, z~.

2J9. ~ 244, 299 Winterstein, A. R. F., 1+7

Zararhustra, 46-53. 60 Zwcig~ Arnold. 1+3 J>

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