MILI - Evzones

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Evzones

TheEvzones, orEvzoni(Greek: , ),is the name of several historical elitelight infantryandmountainunits of theGreek Army. Today, it refers tothe members of the Presidential Guard (Greek: - ; Proedrik Frour), an elite ceremonialunit that guards the GreekTomb of the Unknown Soldier(Greek: ;Mnimeotou gnostou Stratiti), thePresidential Mansionand thegate of Evzones camp in Athens. An Evzone is alsoknown, colloquially, as aTsolis(Greek: , -

; pl. Tsolides).Though the Presidential Guard is a primarily ceremonialunit, all Evzones are volunteers drawn from the HellenicArmys Infantry Corps. Prospective Evzones are initiallyidentified at the Infantry Recruit Training Centres duringBasic Training; there is a minimum height requirementof 1.87 m (6' 1.3) to join. However, induction to thePresidential Guard is delayed until the recruit serves fora minimum of six months with one of the Armys InfantryCombat, or Campaign, Battalions (Greek: TE;Tgmata Ekstrateas).

The unit is known for its uniform, which has evolved from

the clothes worn by theklephts[1] who fought the Ottomanoccupation of Greece. The most visible item of this uni-form is thefustanella, a kilt-like garment. Their distinc-tive dress turned them into a popular image for the Greeksoldier, especially among foreigners.

1 Etymology

The word evznos(Greek: [2]) is first attestedinHomers Iliadand derives from ""+"", mean-

ing well-girt. The word was used by ancient writers forcenturies to describe a type of light infantry of unidenti-fied equipment, probably used as a generic term to denotelight infantry.

2 History

In 1833, after the arrival of KingOtto, theGreek Armywas organized along new lines. The Bavarian soldiersthat had come with Otto formed the majority of theEuropeanLine Infantrybattalions (Greek:

; Tgmata Gramms). Each of these units in-cluded one rifle company, designated as Skirmishers(Greek: ;Lkhos Akrovolistn) or

Otto of GreeceinEvzonasuniform

Men of the Mountain Guard, 1830s

Evzone (Greek: ; Lkhos Evznon).In addition, ten light Skirmisher battalions (Greek: ; Tgmata Akrovolistn) wereformed from Greeks, dressed in a uniform based on thegarb of the klephtsof theWar of Independence(1821

1829). In 1836 these battalions were reduced to four,and eightMountain Guard battalions (Greek: ; Tgmata Orofylaks) were formed in their

1
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2 2 HISTORY

Rumeliotelight infantry, 1838

Evzones in the 1880s

Evzones in campaign uniform during theBalkan Wars

stead; they were grouped into four regiments in 1843.These units were primarily engaged in patrolling the fron-tier, combating insurgents and hunting down the manybrigands that infested the countryside. The MountainGuard was incorporated in the strengthened Skirmisherbattalions in 1854.

In December 1867, the first four elite Evzone light bat-talions were formed, of four companies each (soon ex-panded to five), with the task of guarding the frontier.

On 12 December 1868, the Royal Guard detachment,initially namedAgema(), later thePalace Guard( ; Anaktorik Frour), composed

EvzoneslandingatSmyrna, May 1919

of two Evzone infantry companies and a cavalry troop,was formed. In 1880-1881, the Evzone units were ex-panded to nine battalions. They participated in the dis-

astrous1897 war with Turkeyas elements of the regularinfantry divisions. In the aftermath of the war, throughvarious reorganizations, the number of Evzone battalionsvaried from eight to six, operating either independently ordivided between the infantry divisions, and were amongthe first units to be equipped with machine guns. At thetime of theBalkan Wars, eight Evzone battalions were inexistence. They operated independently on the vanguardor the flanks of the army. They distinguished themselvesfor their fighting spirit suffering high casualties, especiallyamong officers. Subsequently the Evzone units were in-creased to five regiments, which fought with distinction as

elite shock troops in theFirst World War, theAsia MinorCampaignand theGreco-Italian War.

During theGerman invasionin 1941, a memorable eventis said to have occurred: on April 27, as the GermanArmy was entering Athens, the Germans ascended totheAcropolis of Athensand ordered the young Evzonewho was guarding the flag post, Konstantinos Koukidis(q.v.), to haul the Greek flag down and replace it withthe swastika flag. The young soldier did so, but refusedto hand over the Greek flag to the Germans, and insteadwrapped himself in it and fell off the Acropolis to hisdeath.

After theoccupationof the country, in 1943, the collab-orationist government raised a number of "Security Bat-talions" ( ), which were dressed inthe Evzone uniform and participated in operations againstthe EAM-ELAS partisans.[3] They were derisively knownas Germanotsoliades(German Evzones) or Tagmatas-

falites(Security Battalionists), and were disbanded af-ter liberation in 1944.

After the war, the reconstituted Hellenic Army didnot re-establish the Evzone regiments, their elite sta-tus and role being assumed by the newly establishedMountain Raiding Companies. The traditions and dis-

tinctions of the Evzones are, however, maintained by aspecial ceremonial unit, which has served under severalnames: Palace Guard (Greek: ),
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Raiding_Companieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAM-ELAShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Battalionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Battalionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece_during_World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Koukidishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Italian_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor_Campaignhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor_Campaignhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Warshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_landing_at_Smyrnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Warshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumeli


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3

Flag Guard (Greek: ), Tomb of theUnknown Soldier Guard (Greek: ), Royal Guard (Greek: - ) and after 1974, with the abolitionof themonarchy, the Presidential Guard (Greek: ). Several regular Army Infantry units have been

given the numbers and names of the post-1913 EvzoneRegiments, however, these names are only honorific.

3 Present

Evzones in summer service uniform changing the guard at the

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Today the Evzones form the Presidential Guard, a bat-talion composed of 2 Evzone companies and 1 commandcompany. They operate out of the Georgios Tzavelas bar-racks (named to honor Georgios Tzavelas, a chieftain andhero of theGreek Revolutionof 1821) onHerodou At-

tikou Street, just behind theParliamentbuilding.The Guard takes precedence in all military parades. Theirmarch style consists of normal march time, and at in-tervals, for several paces, striking the ground forcefullywith the right foot. Their standard marching music is the"Evzonaki" (little Evzone) (Greek: ) march,played at 48 beats/min. They guard the Tomb of the Un-known Soldier round the clock. Guards on duty performtheir movements in a very slow and highly stylized man-ner. They switch positions with each other every fifteenminutes and remain completely motionless and at atten-tion in the meantime. Since the Guards are required to

be totally still at all times, there is one Evzone in normalfatigues uniform and police surveillance to ensure that noone approaches or harasses the Guards while on duty.The little changes take place every hour on the hour,and involve the two incoming and two outgoing sentries,and a supervising Corporal of the Change. The GrandChange takes place at 11 am on Sunday mornings, andinvolves the whole Guard with its officers and a militaryband, all marching from the Guard Barracks to the Tombfor the Change, and back. The Grand Change is a popu-lar Sunday morning spectacle for Athenians and touristsalike.

During a demonstration in front of the Parliament in2001, a Molotov cocktail was thrown at one of the guard-houses. The wooden construction was engulfed in flames.

The Evzone on guard next to it remained in place until anofficer gave him the order to move. With a scorched andpartly smoking uniform on one side, the Evzone did so.[4]

In January 2010, a makeshift bomb was placed 20 me-ters from where the Evzones guard the Tomb of the Un-

known Soldier, at Syntagma Square. Although the policeinformed the Evzones of the imminent threat, the Guardsrefused to leave their posts and remained on guard whilethe bomb exploded.[5][6]

4 Former units

The historical units were numbered and known as (Evzone Battalion) or (Evzone Regiment). The first Evzone Regiment wasformed in 1912, shortly before the outbreak of theBalkan

Wars. The traditional and well-known Evzone regi-ments, which fought in World War I, the Asia MinorCampaign, and World War II, were formed after theBalkan Wars by the Royal Decree of 23 December 1913.Since the regiments were distinctive, elite units, they haddual numbersthe first, numbering them in the Evzonesorder of seniority, the second, in the overall infantry hi-erarchy. Thus the 5/42 Evzone Regiment was the 5th Ev-zone regiment, but also the 42nd infantry regiment.

1/38 Evzone Regiment, the former 1st Evzone Reg-iment, based inKarditsaand recruited inThessaly

2/39 Evzone Regiment, based inMissolonghiandrecruited inAetolia-Acarnania

3/40 Evzone Regiment, based inArtaand recruitedinEpirus

4/41 Evzone Regiment, based in Veroia and re-cruited inwestern Macedonia

5/42 Evzone Regiment, based in Lamia and re-cruited inCentral Greece

5 Uniform

In 1833, the uniform of the Evzones (as in all infantrycompanies of the line battalions) was in the unpopu-lar Bavarian style of blue trousers, tailcoats and shako.As light infantry the Evzones were distinguished only bygreen braid and plumes. In 1837, a new uniform was cre-ated based on the traditionalfustanellastyle worn by theklephts,armatoli, and many of the famous fighters of theGreek War of Independence. At first, it was only issuedto the nativelight infantrybattalions, but its popularity

led to its adoption as the official uniform of the Evzonesin 1867. After a few minor changes over the years, itbecame the familiar uniform seen today.
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4 5 UNIFORM

5.1 Present-day uniforms

5.1.1 Ceremonial uniforms

Evzones at Changing of the Guard, Syntagma Square, Athens

Evzones, winter everyday uniform

The present-day ceremonial uniform consists of the fol-lowing items:

Farion(), a scarletfezwith a long black silktassel, with thenational emblemon the front.

Doulamas(plural: doulamades) (, plu-ral: ), a long tunic which is the every-day uniform. There are winter and summer versions.The basic color of the winterdoulamasisnavy blueand it closely resembles the service uniform wornuntil 1910, while the summer version is lightkhaki,and similar in design to the field uniform adopted bythe Evzone regiments after that date.

Foustanella(), a cotton kilt made from30 meters (98 feet) of white cloth, with suppos-edly 400 pleats (Greek: ) representing the

400 years of Ottoman occupation.[1] Thefoustanelladerives from the traditional uniform ofContinentalGreece.

Ypodetes(), a white shirt with very widesleeves.

Fermeli (), the waistcoat. Various tradi-tional designs are embroidered on it in white orgilt thread. The yellow stripes (if any) indicate the

military rankof the wearer. Sergeants have twostripes andcorporalshave one.

Krossia (), fringes in blue and white, thecolors of theGreek flag.

Epiknemides(), unofficially calledkalt-sodetes(), the garters. They are madeof black silk.

Periskelides (), white woollen stock-ings, two on each leg.

Anaspastos (Greek: ), inside garter

which holds theperiskelidesin position.

Tsarouchia (, singular: ),red leather clogs with black pompons (,

foundes; singular: , founda). Under thesole, depending on the size, there are 60 to 120 nails.On average each tsarouchiweighs approximately 1.5kilos (3.5 pounds).

A black leather cartridge belt which has a bayonetbelt holder case.

When it is very cold the Evzones wear a dark blue

cape (). This was formerly part of the fielduniform until replaced by a khaki version in 1910.

They are armed with aM1 Garandsemi-automatic rifle,with bayonet.

Everyday uniform consists of thefarion, doulamas, stock-ings,garters, and tsarouchia. Formal dress, which is wornon Sundays, on important national holidays, at the re-ception of foreign dignitaries and on other special occa-sions, consists of thefarion, ypodetes,foustanela,fermeli,krossia, stockings, garters and tsarouchia.

The first king of modern Greece,Otto, often wore thisuniform in public. Today, many Greek boys dress up astsoliades on Greek Independence Day.[1]

5.1.2 Island and Pontic variants

Members of the Guard can also sometimes be seen in aroyal blue and red uniform based on the traditional malecostume of the Aegean Islands or in a uniform basedon the black traditional habit once worn by thePonticGreeks. These variants are worn on ceremonial occasionswhere there is a requirement for Evzones to undertake

unarmed duties (such as flag-raising ceremonies, com-memorations), usually alongside armed Evzones dressedin the formal ceremonial uniform.
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Officer flanked by Evzones in the Islander uniform

While predominantly Cretan in origin - it is sometimes,incorrectly, called the Cretan Uniform (Greek: - ; Kritik Stol) - theIsland Uniform(Greek: ;Nisiotik Stol) incorporates elements

from various costumes of the Aegean Islands. It consistsof a tassel-less fez (Greek: ;frion), Cretan-stylecoat in blue with a red vest and white shirt, the distinctiveblue islander breeches (Greek: ; vrka), Cretan-style belt with a Cretan knife and white leather thigh-highboots (Greek: , stivnia). An Evzone wearingthe Island uniform is also called a Vrakofros(Greek:B, literally a wearer of breeches).

The Pontic Uniform (Greek: ; PontiakStol) is only worn on May 19, in commemoration of theGreek Genocide.

5.1.3 Officers uniform

The uniform of the officers is closer to the original dressworn by the klephts. Its main differences are the longer

foustanella, the more elaborate fermeliin tyrian purplewith gold embroidery, whose sleeves are worn closedon the arms instead of being fastened to the coat, red-and-gold gaiters (; touzlokia) that cover thewhole lower leg worn over red trousers, and red boots(Greek: ;stavlia). Their rank is indicated be-low the national emblem on the farion, andthey are armed

with apla

, a kilij-style sword.The uniforms (of the officers and the soldiers) are com-pletely handmade. They are sewn and maintained by

civilian personnel of the Presidential Guard in workshopsin the camp.

5.1.4 Service uniform

The Evzones wear the regular Hellenic Army uniformwhen not in guard service. They are distinguishedfrom the other Army units by anazure beret and blueembroidered patcheson the shoulders which have whiteletters that form the words: (Proedriki Froura, Presidential Guard).

6 Notable Evzones

Emmanouil Zymvrakakis

Ioannis Velissariou

Dimitrios Psarros

Christodoulos Tsigantes

Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos

Paul of Greece

Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark

Konstantinos Koukidis

Vangelis Meimarakis

Stelios Manolas

Nikos Zisis

Kostas Sloukas

Nikos Pappas

7 References

[1]

[2] , Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary, onPerseus

[3] Thomas, Nigel. Partisan Warfare 1941-45. p. 38. ISBN0-85045-513-8.

[4] Evzones - Athens Info Guide

[5] Kathimerini, Tuesday, January 12, 2010

[6] Kathimerini, Monday, January 11, 2010
http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_2_11/01/2010_113918http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_2_12/01/2010_113947http://www.athensinfoguide.com/wtsevzones.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-513-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0073%253Aentry%253De%2529u%252Fzwnoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Pappas_(basketball)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Sloukashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Zisishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelios_Manolashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Koukidishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Peter_of_Greece_and_Denmarkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Tsakalotoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christodoulos_Tsiganteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Psarroshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis_Velissariouhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanouil_Zymvrakakis_(army_general)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidered_patchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure_(color)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilijhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrian_purplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Genocidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


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6 9 EXTERNAL LINKS

8 Further reading

8.1 In English

Mylonas, Yannis (1997). Paxinou, Barbara, ed.The Evzones. Strategic Publishing. p. 332. ISBN9607178416.

8.2 In Greek

, (1998). [TheEvzones]. Athens: . p. 331.ISBN 960-7178-39-4.

, (2009). 2/39 .

.[2/39 Evzone Regiment. Pages from its war his-

tory.] (2nd ed.). (..).

, (2012). . [The Di-ary of the Evzone Christos D. Alexopoulos]. Kavala:. p. 267.ISBN 978-960-89430-6-3.

9 External links

Greek Presidency

Historical Photographsat

Athens Info Guide

Athens In Pictures

BootsnAll

great travel pictures

Article of newspaper Ethnos about the Evzones uni-form(Greek)

Article of newspaper Ethnos about the Evzones(Greek)

Meet the 'unflinching' Greek Presidential Guard"-BBC News feature
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22237677http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22237677http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22768&subid=2&pubid=9522867http://www.ethnos.gr/entheta.asp?catid=23310&subid=2&pubid=63634038http://www.ethnos.gr/entheta.asp?catid=23310&subid=2&pubid=63634038http://www.greattravelpictures.com/evzones.htmlhttp://www.bootsnall.com/articles/04-08/chosen-greek-men-athens-greece.htmlhttp://www.athensinpictures.com/evzones-athens-greece.htmlhttp://www.athensinfoguide.com/wtsevzones.htmhttps://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%2520%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%8D%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82#%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82http://www.presidency.gr/?page_id=221&lang=enhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-89430-6-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7178-39-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9607178416https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number


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10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

10.1 Text

Evzones Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evzones?oldid=721215127 Contributors:Michael Hardy, Itai, Robbot, Kizor, Jpbrenna,Mboverload, Macrakis, Klemen Kocjancic, Discospinster, Nabla, Alai, Rjwilmsi, Chronographos, Old Moonraker, YurikBot, Lockes-donkey, Brastite, ArgosDad, FocalPoint, Eskimbot, Dragases, Hmains, Dark Horse, Mairibot, Cplakidas, OrphanBot, Deiz, Shehzadashiq,

AmiDaniel, Dr.K., CmdrObot, Causantin, ThreeBlindMice, Cydebot, Aldis90, Faeriesoph, Buistr, Thijs!bot, Jonathan Headland, Shabicht,Evzone, EyeSerene, CommonsDelinker, Steliosnexus~enwiki, Deor, VolkovBot, Yiorgos Stamoulis, Macedonian, Tzetzes, FkT, Wharelt,Peeperman, Steven Crossin, ImageRemovalBot, ClueBot, Suradnik13, DragonBot, Spamhunt, DumZiBoT, XLinkBot, Addbot, Laaknor-Bot, GK1973, Ehrenkater, Yobot, Piano non troppo, Alexikoua, Ben.hastings, Lapost, LilHelpa, Erud, Omnipaedista, FrescoBot, Strong-badmanofme, Degen Earthfast, RedBot, Hodsha, Full-date unlinking bot, Greco22, Tgoodwil, John of Reading, Dewritech, Racerx11,ZroBot, RaptureBot, Mjbmrbot, BG19bot, Davidiad, Notesenses, Khazar2, Hmainsbot1, Gre regiment, Robur.q, SJ Defender, Marshall-henrie and Anonymous: 70

10.2 Images

File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svgLicense:Public domainContributors:Law 48,108, 7 June 1975,[1] and[2]

Article 2

Original artist:File:Coat of Arms of Greece (Ministries).svg:Tonyjeff, based on national symbol. File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greece_military_variant.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Coat_of_arms_

of_Greece_military_variant.svgLicense:Public domainContributors:Own workOriginal artist:Philly boy92

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File:EVZONES_GROUP.JPG Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/EVZONES_GROUP.JPGLicense:CC-BY-SA-3.0Contributors:Transferred fromen.wikipediato Commons byEh101usingCommonsHelper. Original artist:BrastiteatEnglishWikipedia

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File:Evzones_at_Changing_of_the_Guard,_Syntagma_Square,_Athens.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Evzones_at_Changing_of_the_Guard%2C_Syntagma_Square%2C_Athens.JPGLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors:Own workOriginal artist: Marshallhenrie

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