LA FILTRATION CAVE Bilan et Nouveautés -...

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JFR 2007 LA FILTRATION CAVE Bilan et Nouveautés Fabrice-Guy BARRAL Jean-Paul BEREGI Saint-Etienne – Lille / FRANCE

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JFR 2007

LA FILTRATION CAVE Bilan et Nouveautés

Fabrice-Guy BARRAL

Jean-Paul BEREGI

Saint-Etienne – Lille / FRANCE

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Plan

1. Les Différents filtres disponibles2. Les indications3. Les nouvelles indications / PREPIC 24. En Pratique

� Procédure� Cas Particuliers� Retrait� Quelques cas cliniques

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENT DISPONIBLES

A - Les filtres définitifs :

1 - le Greenfield (Boston Scientific)� le plus ancien (>100 000)

� voies jugulaire et fémorale� 2 versions :

* en acier sur guide

. 12 F. 6 branches en acier

. 4 crochets vers le haut. 2 crochets vers le bas

* en titane

. 12 F. 16 branches en titane

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

2 - le LGM Vena Tech (Braun)

� le plus stable

� 2 versions* LGM

. 12 F. Voie jugulaire et fémorale. 6 branches en phynox réunies en cône. pattes latérales portant 4 crochets* Vena Tech LP

. 7 F. Voie jugulaire, fémorale, brachiale, sous clavière

. 8 branches en phynox repliées

. Jusqu ’à 35 mm de calibre

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

3 - le SIMON NITINOL (Bard)

. Le plus intelligent

. 9 F

. Voie jugulaire, fémorale, sous clavière, brachiale

. Nitinol : nickel + titane : thermo-formable

. Une ombrelle à 7 pétales et 6 branches avec crochets

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

4 - le BIRD NEST (Cook). Le plus long, le plus compliqué, mais le plus large (40 mm). 14 F

. Voie jugulaire, fémorale

. 4 fils en acier inoxydable (artefacts) de 25 cm de long, attachés sur

2 étais en V se fixant dans la paroi par des crochets.

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

5 - le TRAPEASE (Cordis)

. Le plus récent

. 6 F

. Voie jugulaire, fémorale, brachiale

. 2 paniers symétriques en nitinol

. avec 6 pétales réunis par 6 branches et

un crochet à chaque extrémité.

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

B - Les filtres temporaires :

1 - ANTHEOR (Boston scientific) / Arrêt commercialisation

. 7 F

. Voie jugulaire, brachiale

. 10 jours maximun

. Kit de thrombolyse en option

2 - TEMPO FILTER II (Braun). 6 F

. Voie jugulaire

. Courte durée : 3 mois (version II ?)

. Solidaire à la peau

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

c - Les filtres optionnels :

1 - ALN

. 7 F

. Voie jugulaire, fémorale, brachiale (++)

. Acier inoxydable

. Conique, 3 pattes de centrage et 6 pattes de fixation, de longueursinégales, avec crochets à angle droit

. Retrait par voie jugulaire avec une pince-panier à 8 branches

. 2 kits de retrait (9F) droit et angulé

. Retrait facile, jusqu ’à 25 mois

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

2 - GUNTHER TULIP (Cook). 8,5 F. Voie fémorale, jugulaire

. Elgiloy

. Conique à 4 pattes portant 1 pétale et 1 crochet

. Un crochet à l ’extrémité céphalique pour le retrait par lasso.

. Limité à 10 jours (pas FDA)

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LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

3 - OPTEASE (Cordis)

. 6 F

. Voie fémorale, jugulaire, brachiale

. 2 paniers symétriques en nitinol (C.Trapease)

. 1 crochet, retrait par lasso

. Limite à 12 jours

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4 - RECOVERY(RNF) (Bard). 7 F

. Voie fémorale

. 6 bras et 6 jambes en nitinol

. Retrait par voie jugulaire par pincepanier à 8 branches progressant sur un guide

LES FILTRES CAVES ACTUELLEMENTDISPONIBLES

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LES FILTRES CAVES EN PRE-COMMERCIALISATION

1. SAFEFLO : Rafael Medical

2. Celect filter : Cook

3. Option et Option LT : Rex Medical

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Un nouveau concept de filtre caveFiltre convertible

VenaTech Convertible / B Braun / Images from Courtesy of V Scott

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CONVERTIBLE FILTERWITH MECHANICAL HEAD

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Snare catheter

Approach of the Goose Neck Snare kit

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Capture of the head’s hook

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Descent of the Snare catheter

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Support of the Snare catheter on the filter’s head

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Withdrawal of the filter’s head by pulling on the Snare catheter

and opening of the convertible filter

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Veine cave de porc

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Veine cave de porc

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Filtres : Indications

• Filtre cave définitif• Filtre cave temporaire• Filtre cave optionnel

• Filtre cave convertible ?

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LES FILTRES CAVES DEFINITIFS : QUAND ?

•Malade avec une Embolie Pulmonaire et :

• Récidive malgré traitement anticoagulant bien conduit

• Contre-indication aux anti-coagulants

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LES FILTRES CAVES DEFINITIFS : QUAND ?

• Chez les patients très âgés• En cas de veine cave tortueuse• En cas de méga veine cave• En cas de mauvaise observance (surveillance)

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les filtres temporaires : quand ?

� Indications de courte durée* Période péri-opératoire* Fin de grossesse

�Indications “anatomiques* Compression de la veine cave

inférieure* Thrombose extensive* Dernier trimestre de la grossesse

� Gestes de thrombolyse

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les filtres temporaires : MAIS

� Doivent être retirés après 10 jours ou 3 mois(tempo filter II).

� Nécessitent un catheter intra-cave pour fixerle filtre, émergeant à la peau :

• Risque de sepsis et de thrombose• Assez inconfortable

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Filtre optionnel : quand ?

• Indications de filtre cave avec risque de récidive sur une durée limitée de 1 mois à6 mois voire 1 an ou davantage

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Main results of retrievable filter studies

Retrieval technical success (%)

Mean duration between placement and retrieval (days)

N° of filters removed and

placedFilter

Study

10016;range 3-4840 of 40OpteaseRosenthal et al., 2005 [28]

10011;range 5-1421 of 27OpteaseOliva et al., 2005 [27**]

99150;range 0-41914 of 107RecoveryGrande et al., 2005 [26**]

9319;range 11-4114 of 130VariousMorris et al., 2004 [28]

10072;range 30-12028 of 96ALNPancione & Mecozzi 2004 [22]

10022;range 11-9013 of 54ALNBarral et al., 2003 [21]

10063;range 49-1927 of 18ALNPieri et al., 2003 [20]

10053;range 5-13424 of 32RecoveryAsch, 2002 [25]

9714;range 3-3037 of 44Gunther TulipOffner et al., 2003 [17]

989;range 2-2552 of 91Gunther TulipMillward et al., 2001 [15]

8812;range 8-148 of 10Gunther TulipPonchon,1999 [16]

In Imberti et al, Current Opinion in Hematology 2006, 13:351-356

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Main results of retrievable filter studies

86.416 ;range 7-2532 of 37OpteaseMeier et al.,2006

100

100

11.1 ;range 2-14

51 ; range 6-352

23 of 41

55 of 220

Gunther Tulip

ALN

Hoppe et al.,2006

Mismetti et al 2007

84.68;range 2-1510 of 13Gunther Tulip OpteaseLam et al., 2004

96?24 of 53?Allen et al., 2005

94?66 of 127VariousRosenthal et al., 2006

100254.2 ;range 181-41913 of 13RecoveryBinkert et al.,2006

10018 of 35?Hoff et al., 2004

84 34;range 7-12616 of 53Gunther TulipTerhaar et al., 2004

Retrieval technical success (%)

Mean duration between placement and retrieval (days)

N° of filters removed and

placed

Filter

Study

10010 ;range 6-112 of 83Gunther TulipNeuerburg et al.,1997

From Pubmed (June 1985 – September 2006) - Mostly Traumatic Centers

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R.F. What do we should demonstrate ?� Their efficacy/complications?

complications rate (%) permanent filters retrievable filters44/169 G.T.24/32 R.N.F.

pulmonary embolism 2 – 5 1%fatal pulmonary embolism 0,7 1%deaths linked to the placement of a filter 0,12complication of placement 4 – 11 0.2%veinous thrombosis at insertion point 2 – 28 1%migration of filter 3 – 69 3% (as)penetration of venous wall 9 – 24 1%obstruction of cava vein 6 – 30 3%veinous insufficiency 5 – 59 1%

large thrombi 10-22%

veinous thrombosis 1%trapped thrombus 9%

So:

� The R.F. have more or less the same complications as theP.F. (no randomization, questionable comparison …)

� They avoid the long term complications of caval filtration (long life expectation, young patients, pregnency, …)

� The complications of retrieval have to be better evaluated

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Should we expand the indications for retrievable

VCF’s ?

PREPIC 2

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Arguments for :

Vena cava filters have proven to be an effective adjunctive tool for

the prevention of PE

� The ICOPER Registry� No recurrent PE within 90-days

� IVC filters associated with a reduction in 90-days mortality

Kucher et al, Circulation, 2006

� Results of the PREPIC study

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BackgroundPREPIC

• PREPIC design: randomised trial in patients with proximal DVT (200 with permanent filter, 200 without filter)

• PREPIC results: the insertion of a vena cava filter showed:

a significant reduction in asymptomatic and

symptomatic PE at day 12

a significant increase in symptomatic recurrent

DVT at 2 years

• PREPIC long term follow-up: 8 years

No effect on overall mortality (day 12 and 2 years)

Decousus et al. N Engl J Med 1998

Prepic Study Group, Circulation 2005

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Cumulative rate of symptomatic PEPREPIC

PE : 24 pts vs 9 pts(fatal PE): 5 pts vs 2 pts

No filter:

15.1%

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Filter:

6.2%

HR=0.37 [0.17-0.79]

p = 0.008

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Prepic Study Group, Circulation 2005

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Cumulative rate of recurrent DVT(DVT of the lower limbs and filter thrombosis)

PREPIC

Recurrent DVT: 41 pts vs 57 pts(filter thrombosis): 2 pts vs 26 pts

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Filter: 35.7%

No filter:

27.5%

HR=1.52 [1.02-2.27]p = 0.042

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Prepic Study Group, Circulation 2005

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Conclusions (1)PREPIC

• Significant reduction in clinical PE in the filter group at 8 years� Permanent filters could be recommended in VTE

patients at permanent very high risk of PE and fatal PE:

� initial documented PE� cardiac or respiratory insufficiency� male gender� advanced age?� echocardiography data?� biological parameters ?. . .

[Douketis et al. JAMA 1998Heit et al. Clin Chest Med 2003Mismetti et al. J Thromb Haemost 2003 Suppl P1411, Ten Walde et al. J Thromb Haemost 2003 Suppl OC153 ]

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Conclusions (2)PREPIC

• Increased risk of clinical DVT recurrence in the filter group at 8 years

� Temporary (optional) filters should be preferred instead of permanent filters in potential temporary

filter indications

� Filters cannot be recommended in a general VTEpopulation

• No difference in terms of overall mortality

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• Arguments for :

Optional filters are almost always retrievable

� PubMed :Retrievable filters : 107 references from june 1985 to september 2006Optional filters : 17 referencesConvertible : 2 references

� With :Number of filters placed: 1324Number of filters removed: 517Retrieval technical success: 96%

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Arguments for :

RF have the same efficacy then definitive filters when left in situ

MISMETTI et al. Chest 2007

A prospective long-term study of 220 patients with a retrievable venacava filter for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism.

� Prospective (and exhaustive) cohort study with18 months follow-up.

� 220 ALN filters� From april 1999 to june 2005� 55 retrievals

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28 (1-462) - Number of days between filter placement and first event, median(range)

13 (6.0) - Event associated with filter thrombosis, n (%)

2 Upper limb deep-vein thrombosis, n (%)

2 Distal deep-vein thrombosis, n (%)

29 Proximal deep-vein thrombosis, n (%)

33 (15.2) - DVT, n (%)

5 (2.3) - Pulmonary embolism, n (%)

37/217 (17.0) - At least one event, n (%) 2

Venous thromboembolic event

2 (0.9) - Other,1 n (%)

2 (0.9) - Infection, n (%)

3 (1.4) - Filter migration, n (%)

9 (4.2) - Puncture site hematoma, n (%)

12 (5.7) - Filter tilting, n (%)

25/212 (11.8) Immediate complication, n/N (%)

166 (34-478)Number of days of filter implantation, median (Q1-Q3)

Patients

Clinical events during filter implantation

1 : acute renal impairment

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Arguments against :

�Every retrievable filter placed has the potential to become a permanent filter (young patients, or with long life expectancy).

�Placing a RF is not a innocuous radiological procedure requiringcautiousness and expertise for every step (cannot be routinely recommended).

�Clinical studies are lacking.

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Arguments against :

Limits of Retrieval Filter

1. Specific complications :- Migrations need- Ruptures surgery ?- Tears of the IVC- Thrombogenicity

� IVC occlusion

2. Failure to removal :- Bad positioning - Endothelisation permanent- Large trapped thrombus implant- Difficult catching (tilting)

� Pub Med : 17 references� MAUDE

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• Secondary prophylaxis against PE :

Suggested filter placement in patients (grade 2 C) :

– with recurrent thromboembolism despite adequateanticoagulation

– with a contraindication or complication of anticoagulants– before thromboendarterectomy for Chronic Thrombo-

embolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)

Buller HR et al, Chest 2004

Future prospects/New indications ?

Filter indications – Recommendations from

the 7th ACCP Conference

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Secondary prophylaxis against PE : no, except for pregnancy ?

2 nd preg.under LMWH

Hemorrhage during the placental stage

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Future prospects/New indications ?

Filter indications – Recommendations

from the 7th ACCP Conference

• Primary prophylaxis against PE :

Recommended against the use of filter as primary prophylaxis in trauma patients (grade 1C) and in spinal cord injury (grade 1 C)

• Secondary prophylaxis against PE :

Recommended against the routine use of filters in addition to anticoagulants (grade 1 A)

Geerts W et al. Chest 2004Buller HR et al. Chest 2004

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Future prospects / New indications ?

� Primary prophylaxis against PE (no VTE)

MAJOR or MULTIPLE TRAUMA

* 9 references in Pubmed : � Further Investigations are warranted

* ANTEVIL J.L. : J.Trauma – 2006.

* 5,042 vs 5.038 patients with/ whitout RF

* 21 % of successful removal� Major filter related complications were encountered

Low incidence of PE not altered by of the use of RF

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Future prospects / New indications ?

� Primary prophylaxis against PE (no VTE)

SPINAL CORD INJURY

From : * Maxwell RA (8,269 patients) J.Trauma,2002

* Rutherford RB Sem.Vasc.surg, 2005

Indications when :

- Long bone fractures- Detected DVT

- Progression of DVT- Contraindication to AC

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Future prospects / New indications ?

� Primary prophylaxis against PE (no VTE)

BARIATRIC SURGERY

FROM : * Sapala JA (5.554 patients) Obes.Surg.2003* Rectenwald JE Sem.Vasc.surg. 2005

INDICATIONS WHEN :- Venous stasis disease- Body mass index ≥ 60- Truncal obesity- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome/sleep apnea syndrome

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Future Prospects / new indications ?

� Filters could be useful in a selected PE population athigh risk of recurrent PE and/or recurrent fatal PE

Secondary prophylaxis against PE, in addition to anticoagulants:

– In a general population, up to 1.5 % of patients with PE versus only 0.5 % with DVT still die from fatal PE despiteanticoagulants, in a 3 month follow-up period

– More generally, PE patients are at higher risk of recurrentPE than DVT patients.

Douketis JD, JAMA 1998 Mismetti P et al, Chest 2005, in pressEichinger, Arch Intern Med 2004…

Buller H et al N Engl J Med 2003Buller H et al Ann Intern Med 2004Laporte S et al, Riete, ISTH 2005

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Future Prospects / New Indications ?

• Are we able to define this high risk PE population ?

• What kind of filters could be proposed in thissituation ?

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Future Prospects / new indications ?

- PE population with a high risk of recurrent PE and/or recurrent fatal PE can be defined as follows :

* Severe PE (Massive or sub-massive PE)* Age > 75 * Cardiac or respiratory insufficiency* Malignancy* Neurologic disease* Bilateral and proximal DVT…

Laporte S et al, Riete, ISTH 2005ICOPER, Lancet 2004Heit JH, Thromb Haemost 2001Mismetti P et al, Chest 2005, in press

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Future Prospects / new indications ?

� Randomized trials are needed to assess retrievablefilters in addition to anticoagulants in selected PE population

� Retrievable filters would be preferable

- 80 % of recurrent fatal PE occur in the first month

Laporte S et al, Riete, ISTH 2005ICOPER, Lancet 2004

Douketis JD, JAMA 1998

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Future Prospects / New Indications ?

� RF and secondary prophylaxis against PE, inaddition to AC ?

� PREPIC 1 � positive effect on PE before 3 months� negative effect on DVT after 6 months

� PREPIC II (on going)� Patients with symptomatic PE� Plus at least one other risk factor

� Retrievable filter versus no filter and retrieval at 3 months

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CONCLUSIONS

⌦ Les revues de la littérature : oui, mais

⌦ Trouver un équilibre entre :- Surestimer le risque- Surestimer le bénéfice

⌦ L’identification plus précise des patients « à très haut risque » malgré le traitement anti-coagulant curatif ou préventif n ’est pas terminée.

⌦ Les filtres optionnels ont un potentiel indéniable (paclitaxel ?)

⌦ Donc : de très enthousiastes perspectives de recherche

⌦ Le filtre « idéal » ?

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En PratiqueLES DIFFERENTES ETAPES

1 – Echo-doppler pour apprécier la perméabilité de la veine cave inférieure,de la veine fémorale et jugulaire.

2 – Seldinger :� Veine fémorale (droite – gauche)� Veine jugulaire (droite - gauche)� Veines brachiales (écho-doppler)

3 – Cavographie (Face + profil) :� pour apprécier le calibre de la veine cave inférieure� abouchement des veines rénales

4 – Pose du filtre

5 – Cavographie

6 – A.S.P. (24 h)

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LES DIFFERENTES ETAPES

1 – Echo-doppler pour apprécier la perméabilité de la veine cave inférieure,de la veine fémorale et jugulaire.

2 – Seldinger :� Veine fémorale (droite – gauche)� Veine jugulaire (droite - gauche)� Veines brachiales (écho-doppler)

3 – Cavographie (Face + profil) :� pour apprécier le calibre de la veine cave inférieure� abouchement des veines rénales

4 – Pose du filtre

5 – Cavographie

6 – A.S.P. (24 h)

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En PratiqueLes différentes étapes

1 – Echo-doppler pour apprécier la perméabilité de la veine cave inférieure,de la veine fémorale et jugulaire.

2 – Seldinger :� Veine fémorale (droite – gauche)� Veine jugulaire (droite - gauche)� Veines brachiales (écho-doppler)

3 – Cavographie (Face + profil) :� pour apprécier le calibre de la veine cave inférieure� abouchement des veines rénales

4 – Pose du filtre

5 – Cavographie

6 – A.S.P. (24 h)

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LES DIFFERENTES ETAPES

1 – Echo-doppler pour apprécier la perméabilité de la veine cave inférieure,de la veine fémorale et jugulaire.

2 – Seldinger :� Veine fémorale (droite – gauche)� Veine jugulaire (droite - gauche)� Veines brachiales (écho-doppler)

3 – Cavographie (Face + profil) :� pour apprécier le calibre de la veine cave inférieure� abouchement des veines rénales

4 – Pose du filtre

5 – Cavographie

6 – A.S.P. (24 h)

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En PratiqueLes Cas particuliers

1 – patient très fragile� Mise en place du filtre au lit du patient sous guidage

échographique

2 – Contre indication au produit de contraste� Guidage échographique� Salle de vasculaire

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En pratiqueLa technique de retrait

1 - Filtres temporaires :- Echo-doppler- Contrôle scopique

2 – Filtres optionnels :- Echo-doppler- Salle angiographie

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Technique de retrait

� Voie d’abord jugulaire ou fémorale

� Cavographie

� Retrait

� Cavographie

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Technique de pose et de retrait (film)

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Cas Clinique 1Mme S.A.Mme S.A. : 27 ans

ATCD :ATCD : RCH récente� Anémie (transfusions)� Corticoïdes� T.V.P. M.I.D.

H.M. :H.M. : Défenestration 12/02/2003

Choc hémorragiqueFractures du BassinFractures ouvertes - Pied gauche }

- Tibia Gauche }Fractures côtes � Hémothorax � drain

�Filtre ALN 12/02/2003

Evolution :� Colectomie totale� Plusieurs arthrodèses

– 4 février 2005

� Retrait Filtre ALN 08/02/2005

Chirurgie

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Cas Clinique 2

Mme D.G. : 78 ans

ATCD : � HTA

• DNID

• Hypercholestérolémie• 1999 : ADK sigmoïde

• 2002 : PTH

• 2003 : EP

H.M. : → 09/2004 : PT genou droit

� 1er filtre ALN� 01/2005 : ABLATION FILTRE ALN

→ 2ème EP

→ 03/2007 : Chirurgie éventration

� 2ème filtre ALN

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Cas Clinique 3

Mr M.L. : 42 ans

ATCD : 18/02/2007 : Accident de tennis

� Thrombose VFS → Veine iliaque externe� pas EP (petit embole périphérique sur scinti)

� HBPM � AVK

H.A. : 02/03/2007 : TDM – TAP

Thrombus jusqu’aux veines rénalesINR < 2

� Tempo filtre IIRetiré 48 heures

HBPM

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Cas Clinique 4

Me M.D. : 27 ansH.M. : � Post-partum (2ème P)

� pas EP

� HBPM

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Cas Clinique 5 : FC sus rénal

Mme L.V. : 25 ans

H.M. : � TVP fémorale G � Héparine� EP droite

� 38 SA + 5 jours� Indication de déclenchement

� Filtre cave temporaire

� 24/05/2006 : 2 TF II� 26/05/2006 : Filtre ALN par voie humérale� 06/06/2006 : Retrait filtre

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Cas Clinique 6 : FC sus rénal

Mme DS A. : 22 ans

ATCD : - 2006 : � Endométrite post IVG� TVP hypogastrique

� HBPM

- 2ème grossesse sous HBPM

H.M. : - 23/02/2007 � Hémorragie de la délivrance

� Thrombus VRD

� Filtre temporaire� TF II : Echec� Filtre cave ALN

� HBPM

- 29/05/2007 : Retrait filtre cave

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