Jérôme Donnard (Subatech IN2P3 / EMN / Université de Nantes)Journées Prospectives IRFU/IN2P3...

Jérôme Donnard (Subatech IN2P3 / EMN / Université de Nantes) Journées Prospectives IRFU/IN2P3 Giens 2012

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GT 14 Instrumentation & Détection

Détecteurs spécifiques


Summary

Dual phase TPC with noble liquidsR&D with noble liquids (involving MPGDs)R&D on LXe Compton Telescope Active development in MicromegasActive targets in nuclear physicsSiPMsLow temperature Bolometers (10mK-300mK)Ge ionization-heat bolometersConclusion

Lots of topics in this domain


Dual phase TPC with noble liquidsNew experimental devices at the end of 20th century, mainly from

Xenon or Argon community

Single photoelectron detection> 20 pe/keV achievable with Xenon

Very suitable for n/identificationId ~102 with Xenon and >104 with PSD and Argon

Suitable for large scale experiment Xenon100 (170kg – 48kg fiducial)ARGONEUT (FNAL), (LNGS)…

Grateful to Xenon100 collaboration

Very promising for larger scale experimentNeutrino beam physics (hundreds of kT LAr)

@ Cern, next phase of IcarusGlacier Project (R&D started in Europe)…

Rare event experiment Xenon 1T (DM under construction)Darwin project

New topic for the French community But increase foreseen with Xenon 1T involvement, Glacier R&D, …

Cf talk Jules Gascon for DM GT6


R&D with noble liquids (involving MPGDs)

Toward an alternative to traditional PMT for S2 reading

5” windowUnder construction

*Collaboration between Subatech/WIS-Israel/Coimbra-Portugal

Direct electronic readout with micromegas amplification stage in 87K/1 atm argon gas phase**

Micromegas in double phase Ar TPCGain ~10Test with microbulk very soon

1’’ windowdone & tested

**Collaboration IRFU / IPP UTZH

Cryogenics Gaseous PhotoMultiplier for LXe scintillation*

Gain >106

Fast responseUse of THGEM,PIM,MicroMegas

Muon track in LAr TPC


R&D on LXe Compton Telescope

OpenGATE collaboration: http://www.opengatecollaboration.org/

Cylindrical Camera Xemis2 (~100kg LXe)Should also be investigated

For -astroFor homeland security Electromagnetic Compton calorimetry

Detection of arrival direction of Based on Compton sequence reconstructionPosition and energy measurement of verticesBuilding of TPC

Development for medical imaging application3- imaging with XEMIS

Reconstructed cone from 511keV

Cf talk Laurent Ménard GT12

http://www.opengatecollaboration.org/


Active development in Micromegas

Photo-detection : UV lens + photocathode + Micromegas (FORFIRE detector)

He3 issue, need for novel high efficiency thermal neutron detectors (ex: ESS):

conversion in high pressure BF3 gasmultilayer of 2 µm thick 10B

Amplification on CMOS chip: Timepix+Ingridsingle electron efficiency for gas property

measurementsX-ray polarimeter

Timepix

IngridEnergy resolution (~ 11% FWHM @ 6 keV)Very radiopure (copper and kapton)Low mass detectorVery flexible structure

Presently used in CAST, nTOF

Microbulk

Jérôme Donnard (Subatech IN2P3 / EMN / Université de Nantes) Journées Prospectives IRFU/IN2P3 Giens 20127 Jérôme Donnard (Subatech IN2P3 / EMN / Université de Nantes) Journées Prospectives IRFU/IN2P3 Giens 20127

Active targets in nuclear physics Based on TPC concept from particle physics The Gas is also the target for nuclear reaction study CENBG TPC (2p decay), MAYA (GANIL), ACTAR (IPNO)…Astrophysics, Nuclear structure:

Nucleon transfert on light or FF nuclei Inelastic reaction and giant resonances Exotic decays…

Advantages versus classical solid targets: Trajectory reconstruction efficiency (gas thickness…) Low energy threshold Direct study on beam energy dependence

In the framework of SPIRAL2, several Letters Of Intent submitted, need for an improved detection system for the next years:

Counting rates Multi-particules Low energy threshold, spatial resolution Reconstruction efficiency (granularity+Si walls) New electronics (16k channels with GET) Energy dynamics

Detector R&D program since 2 years using MPGD, working

ACTAR-TPC demonstrator in 2013


SiPMs High sensitivity to low flux single photon detection, high discrimination capability of low amount of photons High detection efficiency (20 à 40 %) Fast response: risetime ~sub-ns, good time resolution (< 100 ps @ single photoelectron) Gain : 105 to 107 with polarization voltages < 100 V Low consumption (< 50 µW/mm²) Insensivity to magnetic fields (jusqu’à 15 T) Small footprint Robust Photodetector Low cost (between 40 and 150 € / mm²)

Dark current still high (300 kHz/mm² minimum) Gain dependence with temperature and power supply voltage Cross-talk (5- 10 %) Low resistance to radiation stress

Excelitas : 5 mm x 5 mm Philips digital SiPM Sensl Matrix9 (144 SiPMs + électronique)

Hamamatsu matrices

Some of recent develpements


Work in progress around SiPMLAL : expert in caracterization and comprehension of this photodetector physics

IMNC + LAL (SERDI – OMEGA) : development of radioisotopic per-operative imagers based on SiPMs

LAPP : development of a dedicated electronic readout for SiPMs for the IACT telescope of CTA

Futur of SiPM activity

IPHC : construction of « digital » CMOS SiPM (avalanche micro-diode directly connected to a digital electronic cell) using the advanced fabrication process (0.18 microns), developped and optimized for sensors. 3-5 year program with european fundings.

APC : Involvment into the RAFTIX project lead by THALES industry Study and optimization of SiPM sensors with their dedicated electronic readout. This project is submitted to OSEO for a 4 year program around study and development of these sensors.

Detector developments projects

Futur potential use of SiPM:

In every detectors (calorimeters, particule id, IACT, …), as tools around accelerators (beam profiler), for medical application (TOF-PET, per-operative imagers, …) if recent technological developments allow to improve: la tenue aux radiations, the photo-detection efficiency, the cross-talk, the dark current, the gain variation with power supply voltage and temprature it is mondatory to collaborate with manufacturer.


Low temperature Bolometers (10mK-300mK)

Important R&D developments during the last decade at IN2P3 & IRFU: APC, CSNSM, IPNL, SAp, SEDI

Main advantages of bolometers: versatility : able to couple to a large choice and size of absorbers (crystals, superconductors, thin films on membranes...) can be adapted to a wide range of detected energy: sub-eV photons to MeV photons and particles

Major ongoing projects and perspectives involving IN2P3-IRFU:

Low temperature detector arrays (1000 – 10 000 pixels per module) ATHENA satellite X-ray microcalorimeter QUBIC ground based bolometric interfrerometer

Detection of rare events using massive absorbers (kg range) EDELWEISS dark matter search LUCIFER neutrino mass

ATHENA Athena is a space X-ray observatory project, submitted to ESA for a satellite lunch around 2025

One of the proposed baseline instruments is an X-ray imaging Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS), operating at T=50mK.

XMS will cover the 0.3–10 keV energy range with unprecedented energy resolution (∆E = 3 eV at 7keV)

R&D at IN2P3-IRFU focuses on overall detector optimization and performance: superconducting absorbers + sensors + cryogenic multiplexing and readout

QUBIC QUBIC is a recently approved project to study the B-mode polarization of the Cosmological Microwave Background (CMB) fluctuations. The instrument will be ground based (Dome C, Antarctica).

The detector is based on 1000 pixel bolometer modules, imaging the interference fringes created by an array of 144 horns. The ultimate goal is a 100 gain of sensitivity in polarization, compared to the Planck satellite results.

QUBIC


Ge ionization-heat bolometers

EURECA 2015

EDELWEISS III new generation 800g Ge detector (FID800)

WIMP band

electron recoil bandEDELWEISS III & EURECA projectsEDELWEISS is a European dark matter (WIMP) research project based on high purity Ge detectors operating at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM).By the end of 2012, a total of 44 new generation 800g detectors will be installed.

Simultaneous measurement of heat an ionization, combined to an inter-digitized design of the charge collecting electrodes allows a very efficient rejection of the background events (electron-recoil interactions including near Ge-surface events)

Modeling of charge transport into the Ge at very low temperatures and R&D is still ongoing to further optimize rejection efficiency and energy threshold (<500eV).----------------------------------------------------------

EURECA is a proposal for a 1 ton cryogenic detector experiment, aiming to investigate dark matter with very low sensitivity (10 -10pb). The detectors could be multi-target (Ge,CaWO4, ZnMo4…) and multi-readout (heat - ionization - light).EURECA will also be very suitable for neutrino mass studies (neutrino-less double beta decay using heat-light bolometers)

recoil energy (keV)

Ioni

zatio

n / H

eat


Conclusion

Specific detectors: Large amount of developing project Very important Experimental know-how Various domain of application: Particle physics, astroparticules, nuclear

physics, medical applications, Lots of work achieved since 8 years by our institutions

Perspectives Become conventional and widespread in the community Increase of resources to materialize the proof of concept

Jérôme Donnard (Subatech IN2P3 / EMN / Université de Nantes)Journées Prospectives IRFU/IN2P3...

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