Jean Gayon - Amélioration humaine (human enhancement) : une analyse anthropologique et éthique

7/22/2019 Jean Gayon - Amlioration humaine (human enhancement) : une analyse anthropologique et thique

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Ajnacbrjtcbi dunjcim (dun ji midjikmnmit)?

jijaysm jitdrbpbabecqum

O. Ejybi]i. Pjrcs : (CDP[V), Jkjf. Murbpjmj, Jkjf. Ambpbafcij

mi kbaa. jvmk [. Ljtmnji (F\ KI\[, KM\NM-/K\[/CI[M\N)

Kbaabqum Ijturm mt jrtcgckm. Adbnnm gjkm avbautcbi fm sj prbprm mssmikmBre. Mfejrfb F. Kjrbsmaaj

Gbifjtcbi [ciemr-Pbaceijk,


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Citrbfuktcbi

-Jnacbrjtcbi dunjcim (Dunji midjik mnmit)

-Miemifrm fms fljts jicns, prb mt kbitrj, njcs pmu fjttmitcbi km qumsceicgcm prkcsnmit km tmrnm.

-Blomt fm aj kbnnuickjtcbi?

:. cfmitcgckjtcbi fms usjems jktumas fm km tmrnm mt fms kbitmxtms fjisamsqumas cas bit nmre (pautt quuim fgcictcbi)


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:. Vrbcs strjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi


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Dunji midjikmnmit? ui tmrnm quc sm rpjif spmktjkuajcrmnmit jprs


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Bi blsmrvm fbik ui gjct sceicgckjtcg mi tmrnms fpcfncbabecm fms cfms

Zum smst-ca pjss2

Vrbcs stjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi, quc bit nmre fjis trbcs kbitmxtms fcggrmits

Jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts

Jnacbrjtcbi fm sbc

Jnacbrjtcbi fm aj ijturm dunjcim



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:rm strjtm fm sceicgckjtcbi? jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts



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Kbivmrecie Vmkdibabecms

gbr Cnprbvcie DunjiPmrgbrnjikmIJIBVMKDIBABES,LCBVMKDIBABES,

CIGB\NJVCBI VMKDIBABES JIF KBEICVCWM

[KCMIKM

I[G/FBK-spbisbrmf rmpbrt

Mfctmf ly Ncdjca K. \bkb jif Ucaacjn [cns Ljcilrcfem, Ijtcbija [kcmikmGbuifjtcbi

Ouim


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Kdjiecie tdm sbkcmtjagjlrcktbwjrfs j imw strukturm

(uppmr gceurm ly \.M. Dbri)

Vdm citmerjtcbi jif syimrey bg tdm gbur tmkdibabecms (ijib-lcb-cigb-kbeib)brcecijtm grbn tdm ijibskjam, wdmrm tdm lucafcie labkhs bg njttmr jrm mstjlacsdmf.

Vdcs pckturm synlbaczms tdm kbigaumikm bg tmkdibabecms tdjt ibw bggmrs tdm prbncsmbg cnprbvcie dunji acvms ci njiy wjys, jif tdm rmjaceinmit bg trjfctcbija

fcskcpacijry lbuifjrcms tdjt wcaa lm immfmf tb rmjaczm tdcs pbtmitcja. Imw jif nbrm

fcrmkt pjtdwjys tbwjrfs dunji ebjas jrm mivcscbimf ci wbrhcie djlcts, ci mkbibnck

jktcvcty, jif ci tdm dunjictcms.

ILCKjrrbw

Vdcs pckturm sueemsts jfvjikmnmit bg kbivmrecie tmkdibabecms.


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Kdjiecie tdm sbkcmtjagjlrcktbwjrfs j imw strukturm

(uppmr gceurm ly \.M. Dbri)

Vdm citmerjtcbi jif syimrey bg tdm gbur tmkdibabecms (ijib-lcb-cigb-kbeib)brcecijtm grbn tdm ijibskjam, wdmrm tdm lucafcie labkhs bg njttmr jrm mstjlacsdmf.

Vdcs pckturm synlbaczms tdm kbigaumikm bg tmkdibabecms tdjt ibw bggmrs tdm prbncsmbg cnprbvcie dunji acvms ci njiy wjys, jif tdm rmjaceinmit bg trjfctcbija

fcskcpacijry lbuifjrcms tdjt wcaa lm immfmf tb rmjaczm tdcs pbtmitcja. Imw jif nbrm

fcrmkt pjtdwjys tbwjrfs dunji ebjas jrm mivcscbimf ci wbrhcie djlcts, ci mkbibnck

jktcvcty, jif ci tdm dunjictcms.

ILCKjrrbw

Vdcs pckturm sueemsts jfvjikmnmit bg kbivmrecie tmkdibabecms.


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Am rjppbrt kbitcmit 70 bkkurrmikms fm midjikmnmit(sur 6;5 pjems)

Gbrnuam aj paus grqumitm? midjikmnmit bg dunji pmrgbrnjikm(:6)

Jutrms bkkurrmikms?

Midjikmnmit bg tdm dunji ncif, kbeictcvm midjikmnmit Nmnbry midjikmnmit

[misbry midjikmnmit

Nmtjlback midjikmnmit

Kbnnuickjtcbi midjikmnmit

Kylmrimtck midjikmnmit

Midjikcie erbup, mtk.

Dmjatd?


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Kbikauscbis sur aj :rm strjtm fm sceicgckjtcbi (jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts)

]i fljt mt ui tmrnm quc jppjrjcssmit sur am tmrrjci fm aj lcbtdcqum



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Eacssmnmit fm emimtck midjikmnmit vmrs dunji

midjikmnmit tbut kburt, aj gjvmur fms tmkdibabecms kbivmremitms



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Eacssmnmit fm emimtck midjikmnmit vmrs dunji midjikmnmit

tbut kburt, aj gjvmur fms tmkdibabecms kbivmremitms

Kbikmpt auvrm? jnacbrjtcbi/juenmitjtcbi fms kjpjkcts, pjrfms citmrvmitcbis tmkdibabecqums fcrmktms sur am kbrps cifcvcfuma.



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Kbikmpt auvrm? jnacbrjtcbi/juenmitjtcbi fms kjpjkcts, pjrfms citmrvmitcbis tmkdibabecqums fcrmktms sur am kbrps cifcvcfuma.

Vypbabecm kdjiemjitm. Juoburfduc, scx kjtebrcms kbivmitcbiimaams.Jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts pdyscqums, fms kjpjkcts kbeictcvms, fmadunmur, fm aj furm fm aj vcm, fm aj qujact fu vcmcaacssmnmit, mtjnacbrjtcbi nbrjam.



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Kbikmpt auvrm? jnacbrjtcbi/juenmitjtcbi fms kjpjkcts pjr fmscitmrvmitcbis tmkdibabecqums fcrmktms sur am kbrps cifcvcfuma.

Vypbabecm kdjiemjitm. Juoburfduc, scx kjtebrcms kbivmitcbiimaams.Jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts pdyscqums, fms kjpjkcts kbeictcvms, fmadunmur, fm aj furm fm aj vcm, fm aj qujact fu vcmcaacssmnmit, mtjnacbrjtcbi nbrjam.

Fljt rkurrmit (fgcictcbi mt miomux tdcqums)? fcstciktcbi fackjtm

mitrmtrjctmnmitmt jnacbrjtcbi.



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:33;? Pmtmr Hrjnmr (pskdcjtrm)? Acstmici e tb Prbzjk

\mnjrqum qum ams pmrsbiims trjctms jux jitcfprmssmurs fkajrmitsbuvmit sm smitcr ncmux qum lcmi(lmttmr tdji wmaa)

Citrbfuct amxprmsscbi pdjrnjkbabecm kbsntcqumpbur fkrcrm ausjem fmaj psykdbpdjrnjabecm fms gcis fm nbfcgckjtcbi pmrsbiimaam.


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Kmttm strjtm fm sceicgckjtcbi sjppucm sur aj :rm (jnacbrjtcbi fms kjpjkcts),njcs sbi lut (trjisgbrnjtcbi pmrsbiimaam)mi gjct uim rjact jitdrbpbabecqum

fcstciktm?


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fcstciktm?

Maam mst ncsm mi uvrm fjis fms prjtcqums rmaams, pjr mx. kdjiemnmit fm smxm,

kdcrurecm mstdtcqum, kbnpmisjtcbi smisbrcmaam (sburfs, jvmueams

).



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fcstciktm?

Maam mst ncsm mi uvrm fjis fms prjtcqums rmaams, pjr mx. kdjiemnmit fm smxm,kdcrurecm mstdtcqum, kbnpmisjtcbi smisbrcmaam (sburfs, jvmueams).

Maam citrbfuct fjis am fljt sur ajnacbrjtcbi uim fcnmiscbi fvjaujtcbi sulomktcvmfms prjtcqums (cnpjkt sur acfmitct pmrsbiimaam).



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fcstciktm?



Kms prjtcqums sbit prsmitms sbus am obur fuim qutm fm acfmitct pmrsbiimaam mtfm ajutdmitckct.



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fcstciktm?




Maams rmqucrmit ui trjvjca dmrnimutcqum, sbuvmit fcggckcam, fm trjvjca sur sbc-nnm.



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fcstciktm?





Fui pbcit fm vum sbkcbabecqum, kmttm nbfjact fm amidjikmnmitvbqum Ebggnji(Vdm prmsmitjtcbi bg smag, :3=3) ? aj vcm sbkcjam kbnnm ui tdtrm b ams jktmurs bggrmitju pulack uim cnjem jutb-kbistructm.



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fcstciktm?






Am fscr fjnacbrjtcbi fm sbc smxprcnm jussc fjis fms prbfuktcbis cnjecijcrms. Pjrmx.? utcacsjtcbi fm aj kdcrurecm bu fm tmkdibabecms mi vum fm fgcmr ams ibrnms quckbitrjceimit acfmitct kbrpbrmaam (Braji)8 skcmikm gcktcbi pbst-dunjcim.



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fcstciktm?






Am fscr fjnacbrjtcbi fm sbc smxprcnm jussc fjis fms prbfuktcbis cnjecijcrms. Pjrmx.? utcacsjtcbi fm aj kdcrurecm bu fm tmkdibabecms mi vum fm fgcmr ams ibrnms quckbitrjceimit acfmitct kbrpbrmaam (Braji)8 skcmikm gcktcbi pbst-dunjcim .

Maam sciskrct fjis uim cfbabecm typcqumnmit cifcvcfujacstm mt prsmitcstm? uim kuaturmijrkcsscqum fu prsmit, sjis pjss ic jvmicr (Vdmbfbrm Ajskd, :353)



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;m strjtm fm sceicgckjtcbi? jnacbrjtcbi fm aj ijturm

dunjcim



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Ajnacbrjtcbi fm aj ijturm dunjcim rmavm paus mxpackctmnmit qum ams jutrmsfm aj kbistruktcbi pdcabsbpdcqum mxpackctm

\am fu nbuvmnmit trjisdunjicstm (mt jssbkcjtcbis jppjrmitms burcvjams, kbnnm mxtrbpy), pjrtcr fm


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Ajnacbrjtcbi fm aj ijturm dunjcim rmavm paus mxpackctmnmit qum ams jutrmsfm aj kbistruktcbi pdcabsbpdcqum mxpackctm

\am fu nbuvmnmit trjisdunjicstm (mt jssbkcjtcbis jppjrmitms burcvjams, kbnnm mxtrbpy), pjrtcr fm


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Aj tdnjtcqum fm ajnacbrjtcbi fm aj ijturm j sbuamv ams kbitrbvmrsms amspaus vcvms



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Kbitrj?

Ci gjkt, kabicie jif cidmrctjlam emimtck jatmrjtcbis kji lm smmi js krcnmsjejcist dunjicty bg j uicqum sbrt8 tdmy jrm tmkdicqums tdjt kji jatmr tdmmssmikm bg dunjicty ctsmag (jif tdus tdrmjtmis tb kdjiem tdm gbuifjtcbi bg

dunji rcedts) ly tjhcie dunji mvbautcbi citb bur bwi djifs, jif fcrmktcie cttbwjrfs tdm fmvmabpnmit bg j imw spmkcms, sbnmtcnms kjaamf pbst-dunji.

(Embrem Jiijs mt ja.,


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Prb?

Cg, js wm djvm sueemstmf, ibt biay jrm midjikmnmits blvcbusay ebbf gbr us,lut tdjt ebbf kji lm bltjcimf wctd sjgmty, tdmi ibt biay sdbuaf pmbpam lmmitctamf tb jkkmss tdbsm ebbfs gbr tdmnsmavms jif tdbsm gbr wdbn tdmy kjrm,

lut tdmy jasb kamjray djvm nbrja rmjsbis, pmrdjps jnbuitcie tb ji blacejtcbi,tb fb sb.

(Obdi Djrrcs, Midjikcie mvbautcbi. Vdm mtdckja kjsm gbr njhcie lmttmr pmbpam,


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Dunji midjikmnmit? ui kdjnp dtrbeim fm prjtcqums, krbyjikms, mt tdbrcms.

:. Vrbcs strjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi? lcaji


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Ams trbcs strjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi (kjpjkcts, sbc, ijturm dunjcim) im sbit pjskbnnuinmit fcstcieums fjis aj acttrjturm.

Maam sbit rjrmnmit blsmrvjlams sbus uim gbrnm purm. Mi prjtcqum, maams smkdmvjukdmit. Njcs maams sbit kbikmptumaamnmit fcstciktms.

:. Vrbcs strjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi? lcaji


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Ams trbcs strjtms fm sceicgckjtcbi (kjpjkcts, sbc, ijturm dunjcim) im sbit pjskbnnuinmit fcstcieums fjis aj acttrjturm.

Maam sbit rjrmnmit blsmrvjlams sbus uim gbrnm purm. Mi prjtcqum, maams smkdmvjukdmit. Njcs maams sbit kbikmptumaamnmit fcstciktms.

Fui pbcit fm vum jitdrbpbabecqum, maams rmivbcmit trbcs icvmjux fm rjact sbkcjam?

(:) Vmkdicqums

(


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Pjr fcvmrs jspmkts, ams prjtcqums mt fcskburs rmajtcgs ajuenmitjtcbi fm adunjci vbqumit fms tdnjtcqums pausjikcmiims. \jact dtrbeim, DM j uim eijabecmkbnpamxm.

Vrbcs mxmnpams?

Pdcabsbpdcms fu prbers

Mueicsnm[jit pbsctcvm

Pcmrrms fm tbukdm pbur vjaumr am kjrjktrm fcstciktcg buibi fm DM


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Aj pmrgmktclcact fm a'dbnnm mst cifgcicm8 mt kmpmifjit, ousqu'ckc, ibus im auc jvbissuppbs qum ams nnms gjkuats ijturmaams, aj nnm brejicsjtcbi. Zumaams smrjcmitfbik aj kmrtctufm, a'tmifum fm sms msprjikms, sc a'bi pbuvjct krbcrm qum kmsgjkuats ijturmaams maams-nnms, kmttm brejicsjtcbi, sbit jussc suskmptclams fms'jnacbrmr2

Kbifbrkmt, Msqucssm fui tjlamju dcstbrcqum fms prbers fm amsprct dunjci(:53=)


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Fmpucs


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Acnctms fm kmttm gcacjtcbi?

Bi im aj trbuvm jppjrmnnmit qum kdmz ams jutmurs trjisdunjicstms (bu fjis fmstufms krctcqums, m.e. Ljtmnji & Ejybi,


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Zumstcbi kbnpamxm

KJ[ :? DM mt mueicsnm trjfctcbiima

]i jcr fm gjncaam?

a

mueicqum mst aj skcmikm quc trjctm fm tbus ams gjktmurs quc jnacbrmit Xcnprbvm^ amsqujacts ciims fm aj rjkm, mt fm tbus kmux quc ams fvmabppmit amur paus djut pbcit (Grjikcs Ejatbi, Muemicks? cts fmgcictcbi, skbpm, jif jcns, :30=)


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Zumstcbi kbnpamxm

KJ[ :? DM mt mueicsnm trjfctcbiima

]i jcr fm gjncaam?

a

mueicqum mst aj skcmikm quc trjctm fm tbus ams gjktmurs quc jnacbrmit Xcnprbvm^ amsqujacts ciims fm aj rjkm, mt fm tbus kmux quc ams fvmabppmit amur paus djut pbcit (Grjikcs Ejatbi, Muemicks? cts fmgcictcbi, skbpm, jif jcns, :30=)

]im rdtbrcqum mt uim cnjemrcm, utbpcqum mt nuatcfcskcpacijcrm, kbnpjrjlams


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Acnctms fm aj kbnpjrjcsbi mitrm mueicsnm trjfctcbiima mt DM

Amueicsnm trjfctcbiima scitrmssm fms kbaamktcgs? rjkm, ijtcbi, mspkm, mt sur amurvbautcbi, mt ject vcj ui kbitram fm aj rmprbfuktcbi.

DM mst kmitr sur aj nbfcgckjtcbi fu kbrps cifcvcfuma, dck mt iuik.

Fcggrmikm pbactcqum? jprs :3:0, amueicsnm kajsscqum mst fmvmiu buvmrtmnmitkbmrkctcg.

DM sm fvmabppm fjis uim jtnbspdrm (prcikcpjamnmit) aclmrtjcrm

Jprs :300, amueicsnm kajsscqum mst fmvmiu prcikcpjamnmit iejtcg (prvmitcbifm aj rmprbfuktcbi fms cijptms).

DMnmt ajkkmit sur ajkkrbcssmnmit mt aj krjtcbi fm pbtmitcjacts jnacbrms


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KJ[


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[jit pbsctcvm? tmrnm citrbfuct pjr ampdcabsbpdm Kdrcstbpdmr Lbbrsm mi :355

[jit pbsctcvm? aj sjit ju fma fm ajlsmikm fm njajfcm


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Am fmer fm sjit imst pjs smuamnmit ui mggmt njrecija fm aj rscstjikm ajnjajfcm? mxkmaamikm gbiktcbiimaam pautt qum ibrnjact gbiktcbiimaam.

Fs :355, fjis uim krctcqum rjfckjam mt prnbictbcrm, Lbbrsm rjpprbkdjct sjitpbsctcvmmt midjikmnmit.


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Fs :355, fjis uim krctcqum rjfckjam mt prnbictbcrm, rjpprbkdjct sjit pbsctcvmmtmidjikmnmit.

Am kbikmpt fm sjit pbsctcvm mst caaustr pjr aj fgcictcbi fm aj sjit pjr aBN[? Ajsjitmst ui tjt fm kbnpamt lcmi-trm pdyscqum, nmitja mt sbkcja, mt im kbiscstm pjssmuamnmit mi uim jlsmikm fm njajfcm.


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Fs :355, fjis uim krctcqum rjfckjam mt prnbictbcrm, rjpprbkdjct sjit pbsctcvmmtmidjikmnmit.

Am kbikmpt fm sjit pbsctcvm mst caaustr pjr aj fgcictcbi fm aj sjit pjr aBN[? Ajsjitmst ui tjt fm kbnpamt lcmi-trm pdyscqum, nmitja mt sbkcja, mt im kbiscstm pjssmuamnmit mi uim jlsmikm fm njajfcm.

Fjis sbi jkkmptcbi njxcnjam, aj sjit pbsctcvm kbiscstm fjis tbut jkkrbcssmnmitfjptctufm gbiktcbiimaam, y kbnprcs pjr ajkqucsctcbi fm gbiktcbis ibi typcqums fm

amspkm


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[jit pbsctcvm vs.kbikmpt nfckjatrjfctcbiima fm ajsjit (bu sjit

iejtcvm)(Lbbrsm, :355)

Z p


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Kbikmpt nfckja bu iejtcg fm aj sjit-uim ibrnm, lcbstjtcstcqumfm rgrmikm-Aj sjit mst uim qumstcbi mnpcrcqum-Im sbuavm pjs fm qumstcbis ibrnjtcvms prbgbifms

p


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Kbikmpt nfckja bu iejtcg fm aj sjit-uim ibrnm, lcbstjtcstcqumfm rgrmikm-Aj sjit mst uim qumstcbi mnpcrcqum-Im sbuavm pjs fm qumstcbis ibrnjtcvms prbgbifms

[jit pbsctcvm >mxkmaamikm gbiktcbiimaam?-pjs fm fcrmktcbiprcvcaecm fm prbers-cfja caacnct

-Ikmssct fuim fkcscbivjaujtcvm(sur km qumst uim lbiimvcm)

p


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p

]im rmprsmitjtcbi

paus mxjktm fm DM

(Lbbrsm nbfcgc, Ejybi


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]im rmprsmitjtcbi

Paus mxjktm fm DM



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]im rmprsmitjtcbi

Paus mxjktm fm DM



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Acnctms fm aj kbnpjrjcsbi

Kmitrjem mxkmsscg sur aj nfmkcim

Ams jktmurs, ams rmssburkms, ams pmrspmktcvms fm a

juenmitjtcbitmkdibabecqum fm adunjci flbrfmit ajremnmit kmttm spdrm trjfctcbiimaam.

Ijinbcis, aj sjit pbsctcvmmst sjis fbutm ajiktrm kbikmptuma ampaus kbivjcikjit fm aj ibtcbi kbitmnpbrjcim fjnacbrjtcbi dunjcim

Kbikauscbi


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Vmitjtcvm fm fgcictcbi, njaer tbut?

]i mismnlam fm p rjtcqums mt fm f cskbu rs vcs jit ajuenmitjt cbi

fms kjpjkcts d unjcims pjr fms citmrvmitcbi s tmkd ib abe cqumsfcrmktms sur am kbrps cifcv cfuma

Jean Gayon - Amélioration humaine (human enhancement) : une analyse anthropologique et éthique

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Transcript of Jean Gayon - Amélioration humaine (human enhancement) : une analyse anthropologique et éthique