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g{H©$b, ’$m°a 1914-15,g{H©$b, ’$m°a 1914-15,g{H©$b, ’$m°a 1914-15,g{H©$b, ’$m°a 1914-15,g{H©$b, ’$m°a 1914-15, gwn[aQ>|S>|Q²>g [anmoQ©,~mH$snwa, 1915, n¥. 49, bo{H$Z do BZ naÜ¶mZ Zht XoVo&

5. E.Kmof Am¡a H¥$îUXod Ho$ boIZ-gh¶moJ Ho$ gmWAma.B.E‘ {ˆba "A[aH$‘oSw> … EZ B§S>mo-amo‘ZQ>©oqS>J ñQ>oeZ Am°Z X B©ñQ> H$moñQ> Am°d B§{S>¶m',

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’$m°‘|©e§g BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,’$m°‘|©e§g BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,’$m°‘|©e§g BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,’$m°‘|©e§g BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,’$m°‘|©e§g BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m, AÜ¶m¶ 2-4Am¡a n[a{eîQ> III

7. Xoe H$s {dembVm H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE àmMrZ^maVr¶ eha g§»¶m ‘| ~hþV A{YH$ Zht bJVo&amo‘r gm‘«mÁ¶ ‘| bJ^J 1500 eha Wo, Omo

BQ>br, AmB~o[a¶m Ho$ àm¶Ûrn nydu àm§Vm| Am¡a{‘ò H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a CÎmar A’«$sH$m Ho$ g‘wÐVQ>r¶joÌ ‘| ’¡$bo hþE Wo (H$sW hm°nqH$g, "BH$m°Z{‘H$J«moW E§S> Q>mCg BZ ³bm{gH$b E{Q>p³dQ>r', Q>mC§gQ>mC§gQ>mC§gQ>mC§gQ>mC§g

BZ gmogmBQ>rO, BZ gmogmBQ>rO, BZ gmogmBQ>rO, BZ gmogmBQ>rO, BZ gmogmBQ>rO, {’${bn E~«åg Am¡a B.E.[a½bo,g.n¥.70)& ¶Ú{n ¶h gyMr AnyU© ‘mZr OmVrh¡, bo{H$Z ^maV H$s VwbZm ‘| Bggo ^r H$‘g§»¶m Mm¢H$m XoZodmbr OJVr h¡& ¶h g§ d h¡{H$ ¶{X Ho$db nwamVÎd H$m hr ghmam {b¶mOmE, Vmo amo‘r eham| H$s g§»¶m ~hþV H$‘ hmoOmEJr& ^maVr¶ gm{hpË¶H$ gmú¶ go ghm¶VmZht {‘bVr& {gH§$Xa Zo A[añQ>mo~wbwg H$mo CgjoÌ ‘| A{YH$mar ~ZmH$a oOm Wm, Omo qgYwZXr Ho$ nya~ H$s Amoa hQ> OmZo go Imbr hmo J¶mWm& A[añQ>mo~wbwg Zo dhm§ bmoJm| go ^ao EH$hOma go A{YH$ eham| Am¡a Jm§dm| Ho$ Adeofm|H$mo XoIm& ¶h g§»¶m A{Va{OV hmo gH$Vr h¡,bo{H$Z {’$a ^r ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo CZ~pñV¶m| Ho$ Adeofm| H$s {eZm»V Ho$ {bE AnZoà¶mgm| H$mo VoO H$aZm hmoJm& maVr¶ nwamVÎd ‘|g§ajU H$s ì¶dñWm r Iam~ h¡& ""JM H$s hþB©(noìS>) g‹S>H|$, AmX‘H$X à{V‘mE§, N>m¶mXmañV§ md{b¶m§, ‘§{Xa, ì¶m¶m‘embmE§, ñZmZmJma,PaZo, ZmQ²>¶embmE§, Iwbr a§J y{‘¶m§ Am¡a H¥${Ì‘ObgoVw àmMrZ ZJam| Ho$ ñ‘maH$ Adeof'' ‘mZoOmVo h¡& bo{H$Z BZH$s VwbZm ‘| maV Ho$ àmMrZZJar¶ ñ‘maH$ ~‹S>o H§$Jmb {XImB© n‹S>Vo h¢&


8. E.Kmof, X {gQ>r BZ Abu {hñQ>m°[aH$b B§{S>¶m&X {gQ>r BZ Abu {hñQ>m°[aH$b B§{S>¶m&X {gQ>r BZ Abu {hñQ>m°[aH$b B§{S>¶m&X {gQ>r BZ Abu {hñQ>m°[aH$b B§{S>¶m&X {gQ>r BZ Abu {hñQ>m°[aH$b B§{S>¶m&9. dhr, n¥. 20-2110. dmB.S>r.e‘m©, "E³gßbmoaoeZ Am°d {hñQ>m°[aH$b

gmBQ²>g', E AmB,E AmB,E AmB,E AmB,E AmB, g§.9 1953, ñnoeb Ow~brZ§~a, n¥. 116-69, "[a‘|g Am°d Abu{hñQ>m°[aH$b {gQ>rO', Am{H©$¶mobm°{OH$b [a‘|g,Am{H©$¶mobm°{OH$b [a‘|g,Am{H©$¶mobm°{OH$b [a‘|g,Am{H©$¶mobm°{OH$b [a‘|g,Am{H©$¶mobm°{OH$b [a‘|g,

‘mÝ¶w‘|Q²>g E§S> å¶y{O¶åg,‘mÝ¶w‘|Q²>g E§S> å¶y{O¶åg,‘mÝ¶w‘|Q²>g E§S> å¶y{O¶åg,‘mÝ¶w‘|Q²>g E§S> å¶y{O¶åg,‘mÝ¶w‘|Q²>g E§S> å¶y{O¶åg, g§. … E.Kmof&11. BZ g‘ñ¶m na {ZåZm§{H$V aMZmAm| ‘| Hw$N> Ü¶mZ

{X¶m J¶m h¡… Ama.Eg.e‘m©, "{S>Ho$ Am°d J¡Oo{Q>H$Q>mC§g BZ Jwá E§S> nmoñQ>Jwá Q>mBåg', àmogrqS>½gàmogrqS>½gàmogrqS>½gàmogrqS>½gàmogrqS>½g

Am°d X B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar H$m§J« og,Am°d X B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar H$m§J« og,Am°d X B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar H$m§J« og,Am°d X B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar H$m§J« og,Am°d X B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar H$m§J«og, V¢Vrgdm§A{YdoeZ, ‘wOâ’$anwa, 1972, n¥. 94-104;~r.S>r. MÅ>monmÜ¶m¶, "Q´>|S> E§S> A~©Z g|Q>g© BZAbu ‘o{S>db B§{S>¶m … EZ Amdaì¶y', {gMwEqQ>J{gMwEqQ>J{gMwEqQ>J{gMwEqQ>J{gMwEqQ>J

B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar, B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar, B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar, B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar, B§{S>¶Z {hñQ>ar, g§.…Eg.^Å>mMm¶© Am¡a amo{‘bmWmna, 1986, n¥. 8-33; Ama.EZ.Z§Xr,"³bm¶§Q>, [aMwAb E§S> H$m°Zpâb³Q> BZ Abu~«m÷UrH$b Am°S>©a', AmB EM Ama, AmB EM Ama, AmB EM Ama, AmB EM Ama, AmB EM Ama, IV1979-80, n¥. 103-9; dr.Ho$. R>mHw$a,

A~©ZmBOoeZ BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,A~©ZmBOoeZ BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,A~©ZmBOoeZ BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,A~©ZmBOoeZ BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m,A~©ZmBOoeZ BZ E§{eE§Q> B§{S>¶m, 1982H$m‘oída àgmX, 1984, {gQ>rO,{gQ>rO,{gQ>rO,{gQ>rO,{gQ>rO, H«$mâQ>²g E§S>H«$mâQ>²g E§S>H«$mâQ>²g E§S>H«$mâQ>²g E§S>H«$mâQ>²g E§S>

H$m°‘g© A§S>a X Hw$fmUmO&H$m°‘g© A§S>a X Hw$fmUmO&H$m°‘g© A§S>a X Hw$fmUmO&H$m°‘g© A§S>a X Hw$fmUmO&H$m°‘g© A§S>a X Hw$fmUmO&12. dr.Jm°S>©Z MmBëS>, "X A~©Z [adm°ë¶yeZ',

1950; J«oJar Eb.nm°ñgob (g§.), E§{eE§Q>E§{eE§Q>E§{eE§Q>E§{eE§Q>E§{eE§Q>

{gQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g, {gQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g, {gQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g, {gQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g, {gQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g, n¥.12-1713. am°~Q>© ‘¡H$ ES>åg, "X ZoMwab {hñQ>ar Am°d

A~©{ZÁ‘', 1968, ‘m°ñgob (g§.) … E§{eE§Q> E§{eE§Q> E§{eE§Q> E§{eE§Q> E§{eE§Q>

grQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g²,grQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g²,grQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g²,grQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g²,grQ>rO Am°d X B§S>g², n¥. 12-17.14. ‘¶‘V,‘¶‘V,‘¶‘V,‘¶‘V,‘¶‘V,X n ¥ . 34-35, ¶h eãX

~hþH$‘©H$ma¶w³V‘² h¡& ‘mZgma,~hþH$‘©H$ma¶w³V‘² h¡& ‘mZgma,~hþH$‘©H$ma¶w³V‘² h¡& ‘mZgma,~hþH$‘©H$ma¶w³V‘² h¡& ‘mZgma,~hþH$‘©H$ma¶w³V‘² h¡& ‘mZgma,X , , , , , n¥. 42 ämrXoI|, Ohm§ ~hþH$‘©H$ma¡¶w©³V§ {ZJ‘§ VXþXmhV‘²~hþH$‘©H$ma¡¶w©³V§ {ZJ‘§ VXþXmhV‘²~hþH$‘©H$ma¡¶w©³V§ {ZJ‘§ VXþXmhV‘²~hþH$‘©H$ma¡¶w©³V§ {ZJ‘§ VXþXmhV‘²~hþH$‘©H$ma¡¶w©³V§ {ZJ‘§ VXþXmhV‘²{b{IV h¡& {ZJ‘ H$m AW© hmQ> AWdm gm¡XmJam|H$m Xb/H$madm§ h¡, ‘mo{Z¶a {d{b¶åg, g§ñH¥$V-g§ñH¥$V-g§ñH¥$V-g§ñH¥$V-g§ñH¥$V-

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n{U{Z na H¡$¶Q> H$m mî¶, VII, 314, I; Bghdmbo Ho$ {bE ‘¢ ~r.EZ.Eg. ¶mXd H$m Am^marhÿ§&

16. ~«÷XÎm goQ²>b‘|Q²>g Am°d X n|Q>oS> Jo do¶a BZgoQ²>b‘|Q²>g Am°d X n|Q>oS> Jo do¶a BZgoQ²>b‘|Q²>g Am°d X n|Q>oS> Jo do¶a BZgoQ²>b‘|Q²>g Am°d X n|Q>oS> Jo do¶a BZgoQ²>b‘|Q²>g Am°d X n|Q>oS> Jo do¶a BZ

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17. Á¶m§Zr A~mo¶a, "E§{e¶§Q> B§{S>¶Z AmBdarO ’«$m°‘"E§{e¶§Q> B§{S>¶Z AmBdarO ’«$m°‘"E§{e¶§Q> B§{S>¶Z AmBdarO ’«$m°‘"E§{e¶§Q> B§{S>¶Z AmBdarO ’«$m°‘"E§{e¶§Q> B§{S>¶Z AmBdarO ’«$m°‘

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B§{S>¶Z gmogmBQ>r Am°d Amo[aE§Q>b AmQ>©',B§{S>¶Z gmogmBQ>r Am°d Amo[aE§Q>b AmQ>©',B§{S>¶Z gmogmBQ>r Am°d Amo[aE§Q>b AmQ>©',B§{S>¶Z gmogmBQ>r Am°d Amo[aE§Q>b AmQ>©',B§{S>¶Z gmogmBQ>r Am°d Amo[aE§Q>b AmQ>©', n¥.34-46'

18. EM.~r.gaH$ma, H$ëMab [aboe§g {~Q>{dZH$ëMab [aboe§g {~Q>{dZH$ëMab [aboe§g {~Q>{dZH$ëMab [aboe§g {~Q>{dZH$ëMab [aboe§g {~Q>{dZ

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Ohm§ VH$ Am{^bo{IH$ gm‘J«r H$m àíZ h¡,àñVwV boIH$ H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶hr ‘mÝ¶Vm {H$OZnXH$mbrZ Ed§ àmapå^H$ ‘m¡¶©¶wJrZ ^maVdmgr(npíM‘moÎma àXoe H$mo N>mo‹S> H$a, {OgHo$ {ZdmgrB©amZ Ho$ A{YH$ma ‘| ahZo Ho$ H$maU {d{dY B©amZr{b{n¶m| go n[a{MV aho hm|Jo) boIZ-H$bm go n[a{MVWo, e§H$mñnX h¡& g¡ÝYd-¶wJ Ho$ AÝV (AÆ>mahdreVr B©.ny.) Ho$ CnamÝV ämmaV ‘| {‘bo àmMrZV‘

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CVmao JE {MW‹S>o nhZVo h¢; (4) do Amdmam hmoVo h¢;

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H$s g’$bVm, {Zaja Mm§S>mbm| H$s g§JR>ZmË‘H$ Am¡a

nañna EH$Vm H$m¶‘ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm H$m ÚmoVH$ Wr&

Mm§S>mbm| Zo ¶h g§H$ën {H$¶m {H$ do {ejm Ho$

O[aE AnZr gm‘m{OH$ h¡{g¶V ‘| gwYma bm¶|Jo Am¡a

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Am§XmobZ Ho$ H|$Ð, ’$arXnwa Ho$ Mm§S>mbm| H$s e¡j{UH$

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nyd©J«h Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o {eH$ma Wo& ’$arXnwa ‘|’$arXnwa ‘|’$arXnwa ‘|’$arXnwa ‘|’$arXnwa ‘|

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H$s ñWmnZm H$s, Omo H$mnmbr, nm|S´>mo, ‘mbm| d ‘yMr

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CÞ{V Ho$ {bE {ejm H$mo EH$ AñÌ Ho$ én ‘| BñVo‘mb

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‘| R>mHw$a Ho$ n¡V¥H$ Jm§d AmoamH§$S>r ‘| Zm‘eyÐ, A§J«oOr

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AkmZr {H$gmZm| H$mo bJmZ Am¡a G$U MwH$mZo ‘| Cƒ

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àñVmd H$m ñWmZr¶ D±$Mr Om{V¶m| Ho$ H$m¶ñWm| Zo

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hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX, ~Q>mB© na IoVr H$aZo dmbo {H$gmZ

Am¡a CZHo$ godH$ H$m‘ Zht H$a|Jo& ÐbmoH$m| Ho$ {damoY

Ho$ MbVo, JwéM§X R>mHw$a Zo S>m°. ‘rS> go ghm¶Vm

‘m§Jr& ‘rS> Zo CÝh| Z Ho$db ñ³yb Ho$ {bE Am{W©H$

‘XX CnbãY H$admB© daZ A§J«oO A’$gam| go CZH$m

n[aM¶ ^r H$adm¶m& ¶h Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ gep³VH$aU

H$s Amoa EH$ à^mdr H$X‘ Wm&

‘rb H$m nËWa‘rb H$m nËWa‘rb H$m nËWa‘rb H$m nËWa‘rb H$m nËWa

gZ 1881 ‘| IwbZm {Obo Ho$ XÎmmS>§Jm ‘|

A{Ib-~§Jmb Zm‘eyÐ gå‘obZ hþAm& nyao ~§Jmb go

hOmam| Zm‘eyÐm| Zo Bg gå‘obZ ‘§ mJ {b¶m& gå‘obZ

H$s AÜ¶jVm JwéM§X R>mHw$a Zo H$s& Bg gå‘obZ ‘|

{ejm Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| Omo g§H$ën nm[aV {H$E JE, do

gm‘m{OH$ CËWmZ H$s amh ‘| ‘rb Ho$ nËWa gm{~V

hþE& BgHo$ ~mX go, ha df© gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a e¡j{UH$

‘wÔm| na {dMma-{d{Z¶‘ Ho$ {bE AbJ-AbJ {Obm|

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Zm‘eyÐ Jm§d ‘| EH$ g{‘{V J{R>V H$s JB©& n§Ðh

J«m‘rU g{‘{V¶m| H$m EH$ g§Hw$b ~Zm¶m J¶m Am¡a ha

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d {Obm g{‘{V¶m| H$mo ¶h A{YH$ma {X¶m J¶m {H$ do

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H$s g{‘{V H$mo OmVm Wm& Jm§d H$s g{‘{V H$m ha

gXñ¶ EH$ AmZm à{V‘mg H$m M§Xm XoVm Wm, g§gHw$b

g{‘{V Ho$ gXñ¶ Xmo AmZo Am¡a {Obm g{‘{V Ho$

gXñ¶ Mma AmZo à{V‘mg M§Xo Ho$ én ‘| XoVo Wo&

lmÕ, {ddmh Am¡a AÝ¶ ‘m¡H$m| na n[adma AnZo 20

gmb go H$‘ C‘« Ho$ b‹S>H$m| ¶m 10 gmb go H$‘ C‘«

H$s b‹S>{H$¶m| H$m {ddmh H$aVo Wo, CÝh| OmV ~mha

H$a {X¶m OmVm Wm&


eZ¡… eZ¡… AmoamH§$S>r, Zm‘eyÐ Am§XmobZ H$m H|$Ð

~Z J¶m& JwéM§X R>mHw$a Ho$ CVgmhr ZoV¥Ëd ‘| Zm‘eyÐm|

H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmbo joÌm| ‘| g¢H$‹S>m| àmW{‘H$

ñHy$b Imobo JE& O~ ^r H$moB© Zm‘eyÐ, JwéM§X go

{‘bH$a ‘mVwAm n§W ‘| em{‘b hmoZo H$s BÀN>m ì¶³V

H$aVm Wm, do Cgo ¶h gbmh XoVo Wo {H$ dh AnZo

Jm§d ‘| EH$ ñHy$b eyé H$ao& ñdÀN>Vm ^r CZH$s

àmW{‘H$VmAm| ‘| go EH$ Wr Am¡a do CZgo {‘bZo

dmbo bmoJm| go H$hm H$aVo Wo {H$ g^r H$mo AnZo Kam|

‘| em¡Mmb¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&

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Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE, nydu ~§Jmb d Ag‘ Ho$ JdZ©a Zo

"X ànmoe©Zb [aàO|Q>oeZ Am°’$ H$å¶w{ZQ>rO BZ npãbH$

Eånm¶‘|Q> E³Q> (gmd©O{ZH$ {Z¶moOZ ‘| AmZwnm{VH$

gm‘wXm{¶H$ à{V{Z{YËd A{Y{Z¶‘) bmJy {H$¶m& Bgr

gmb, Hw$‘wX {~hmar ‘pëbH$, ~§Jmb Ho$ nhbo Zm‘eyÐ

d ANy>V {S>ßQ>r ‘{OñQ´>oQ> ~Zo& H¡$WarZ ‘oWmo Zo AnZr

nwñVH$ "‘Xa B§{S>¶m' (1927) ‘| {bIm {H$ VËg‘¶

bJ^J 4,900 Zm‘eyÐ b‹S>Ho$ ‘¡{Q´>H$ nmg H$aZo Ho$

{bE AÜ¶¶ZaV Wo Amoa 200 ñZmVH$ ~Z MwHo$ Wo&

H$bH$Îmm ‘| Cƒ {ejm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE O~

Zm‘eyÐm| Zo hmoñQ>bm| ‘| ñWmZ àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg

{H$¶m Vmo CZH$m "ANy>V' H$m XOm© BgHo$ Am‹S>o AmZo

bJm& Zm‘eyÐm§o Ho$ à{V{Z{Y‘§S>b Zo H$bH$Îmm

{díd{dÚmb¶ Ho$ Hw$bn{V go {‘bH$a Bg g‘ñ¶m Ho$

~mao ‘| CÝh| ~Vm¶m& BgHo$ ~mX, 1917 ‘|

{díd{dÚmb¶ Zo eha ‘| ANy>Vm| Ho$ hmoñQ>b Ho$ {bE

EH$ AbJ ^dZ {H$amE na {b¶m&

gZ 1885 ‘| nwÝdoZZ {~ñdmg Zm‘H$ EH$ Zm‘eyÐ

H$mo AmñQ´>o{b¶m ^oOm J¶m, Ohm§ CÝhm|Zo gmD$W

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¶h AZwamoY {H$¶m {H$ do nm§M ‘{hbm {‘eZ[a¶m| H$mo

nydu ~§Jmb oO| Vm{H$ ANy>V J«m‘rU ‘{hbmAm| H$mo

{e{jV {H$¶m Om gHo$& nm§M {‘eZar {gñQ>g© nydu

~§Jmb nhþ§Mr Am¡a CÝhm|Zo BZ d§{MV ‘{hbmAm| H$mo

{e{jV H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZm OrdZ g‘{n©V H$a

{X¶m& ‘rS> H$s nËZr Am¡a CZH$s b‹S>{H$¶m§ nhbo go

hr ’$arXnwa ‘| Wr&

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1901 go H$B© Om{V¶m| Zo ~§Jmb gaH$ma H$mo

AmdoXZ XoH$a ¶h AZwamoY {H$¶m {H$ CZH$s Om{V H$m

Zm‘ ~Xbm OmE Am¡a CÝh| Om{V nXmZwH«$‘ ‘| ~ohVa

ñWmZ {X¶m OmE& gZ 1911 VH$ Bg Vah Ho$ AmdoXZm|

Ho$ T>oa H$m dOZ H$ar~ 57 {H$bmo hmo MwH$m Wm&

~m^Z Omo AnZo H$mo ämy{‘hma H$hVo h¢), ~«÷{f© ~«m÷U

H$hbmZm MmhVo Wo, ~§Jmbr H$m¶ñWm| H$m ‘mZZm Wm

{H$ CÝh| j{Ì¶ H$m XOm© {‘bZm M[hE Am¡a d¡Ú,

~«m÷U H$hbmZm MmhVo Wo& BZ g^r ‘m§Jm| H$mo gaH$ma

Zo Im[aO H$a {X¶m& Ho$db Xmo Aä¶mdoXZm|-Mm§S>mbm|

Ûmam AnZo H$mo Zm‘eyÐ H$hbmZo Am¡a H$mB~aVm Ûmam

‘m{hî¶ Ho$ én ‘| nwZ… Zm‘H$aU-H$s ‘m§Jo ñdrH$ma

H$s JB©& Mm§S>mbm| Zo AnZr Bg ‘m§J H$mo ñdrH$ma

H$admZo Ho$ {bE ~hþV à¶mg {H$¶m Wm& àogrS>oÝgr

g§ mJ Ho$ Am¶w³V E’$~r nrH$m°H$ Zo AnZo EH$ nÌ

(H«$‘ g§»¶m 87, {XZm§H$ 18 OwbmB©, 1881) ‘|

{bIm ""Mm§S>mb, Omo ¶hm§ (O¡gmoa {Obo Ho$ Zmaob

AZw mJ) Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o H¥$fH$ g‘wXm¶ h¡, H$s pñW{V

‘| gwYma hmoZo Ho$ H$maU do A~ qhXÿ Om{V ì¶dñWm ‘|

~ohVa XOm© MmhVo h¢& do ñd¶§ H$mo Zm‘eyÐ H$hVo h¢

Am¡a AnZo Amn H$mo d¡îZ~ ~VmVo h¢&''

gZ 1905 ‘|, ~§Jmb ‘| amOZ¡{VH$ Am¡a

gm‘m{OH$ ZoVmAm| Zo bmS>© H$O©Z Ûmam àemg{ZH$


gw{dYm Ho$ {bE ~§Jmb H$mo nydu d npíM‘r ~§Jmb ‘|

{d^m{OV H$aZo Ho$ {ZU©¶ Ho$ {déÕ Am§XmobZ ewé

{H$¶m& Bg Am§XmobZ Ho$ EH$ ~‹S>o ZoVm ga gwaoÝÐZmW

~oZOu Zo 58 dfu¶ JwéM§X R>mHw$a Am¡a CZHo$ AZw¶m{¶¶m|

H$m g‘W©Z ‘m§Jm& JwéM§X Zo EH$ ‘m{‘©H$ nÌ {bIH$a

~oZOu go H$hm… ""Zm‘eyÐ ~hþV Jar~ h¡& do {H$gr

àH$ma Ho$ Eoíd¶© H$m ^moJ Zht H$aVo Am¡a Zm hr do

OmZVo h¢ {H$ Eoíd¶© ³¶m hmoVm h¡& gñVm Am¶m{VV

H$nS>m dh EH$‘mÌ {dXoer gm‘mZ h¡, {OgH$m do

BñVo‘mb H$aVo h¢& Am¶m{VV gm‘mZ H$m BñVo‘mb

H$aZo H$s AmXV Vmo D±$Mr Om{V¶m| H$s h¡& Bg{bE ¶h

Am§XmobZ (~{hîH$ma) Ho$db D±$Mr Om{V¶m| VH$ gr{‘V

ahZm Mm{hE& Zm‘eyÐm| H$mo A~ VH$ H$moB© amOZr{VH$

A{YH$ma àmá Zht h¡, do X{‘V h¢ Am¡a CZH$m CZH$s

hr YaVr na AË¶§V H«y$aVmnyd©H$ emofU {H$¶m Om ahm

h¡& D±$Mr Om{V¶m| Ho$ qhXÿ CÝh| {H$gr ^r àH$ma Ho$

amOZ¡{VH$ A{YH$ma {XE OmZo Ho$ g»V {Ibm’$ h¢&

Bg{bE O~ VH$ do ZrMr Om{V¶m| Ho$ à{V ~§YwËd H$m

^md Zht aI|Jo, V~ VH$ ZrMr Om{V¶m§ Cƒ Om{V¶m|V~ VH$ ZrMr Om{V¶m§ Cƒ Om{V¶m|V~ VH$ ZrMr Om{V¶m§ Cƒ Om{V¶m|V~ VH$ ZrMr Om{V¶m§ Cƒ Om{V¶m|V~ VH$ ZrMr Om{V¶m§ Cƒ Om{V¶m|

Ho$ qhXþAm| Ûmam A§J«oOm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ MbmE Om ahoHo$ qhXþAm| Ûmam A§J«oOm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ MbmE Om ahoHo$ qhXþAm| Ûmam A§J«oOm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ MbmE Om ahoHo$ qhXþAm| Ûmam A§J«oOm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ MbmE Om ahoHo$ qhXþAm| Ûmam A§J«oOm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ MbmE Om aho

{H$gr ^r Am§XmobZ ‘| ^mJ Zht b|Jr''{H$gr ^r Am§XmobZ ‘| ^mJ Zht b|Jr''{H$gr ^r Am§XmobZ ‘| ^mJ Zht b|Jr''{H$gr ^r Am§XmobZ ‘| ^mJ Zht b|Jr''{H$gr ^r Am§XmobZ ‘| ^mJ Zht b|Jr''

adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa Zo ‘¡‘Zqgh ‘| 1925 ‘|adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa Zo ‘¡‘Zqgh ‘| 1925 ‘|adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa Zo ‘¡‘Zqgh ‘| 1925 ‘|adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa Zo ‘¡‘Zqgh ‘| 1925 ‘|adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa Zo ‘¡‘Zqgh ‘| 1925 ‘|

Am¶mo{OV Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ dm{f©H$ gå‘obZ ‘| ^mJAm¶mo{OV Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ dm{f©H$ gå‘obZ ‘| ^mJAm¶mo{OV Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ dm{f©H$ gå‘obZ ‘| ^mJAm¶mo{OV Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ dm{f©H$ gå‘obZ ‘| ^mJAm¶mo{OV Zm‘eyÐm| Ho$ dm{f©H$ gå‘obZ ‘| ^mJ

{b¶m Wm&{b¶m Wm&{b¶m Wm&{b¶m Wm&{b¶m Wm& qhXÿ ~m¡{ÕH$ dJ© Zo OmZVo-~yPVo Bg VÏ¶

H$mo X~m {X¶m&

Zm‘eyÐ g‘wXm¶ Zo gmB©‘Z Am¶moJ Ho$ g‘j Xmo

kmnZ àñVwV {H$E& ’$adar 1928 ‘| "A{Ib ~§Jmb

X{‘V dJ© g§JR>Z' Zo ^r Am¶moJ Ho$ g‘j kmnZ

àñVwV {H$¶m Am¡a Zm‘eyÐ g‘wXm¶ Ûmam àñVwV kmnZm|

H$mo A§JrH$ma H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ ¶o kmnZ ^r CgHo$

{hVm| H$m à{V{YËd H$aVo h¢& BZ XmoZm| g§JR>Zm| Ho$ Zm¡

ZoVmAm| Zo g§¶w³V én go Am¶moJ Ho$ g‘I 29 OwbmB©,

1929 H$mo H$bH$Îmm ‘| AnZm nj àñVwV {H$¶m& Bg

àñVw{VH$aU H$m A{^boI CnbãY h¡& à{V{Z{Y¶om§

Zo ~§Jmb Ho$ gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ ¶WmW©

go H$‘reZ H$mo n[a{MV H$adm¶m Am¡a AnZr

‘hËdmH$m§jmAm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m& CZH$s EH$ ‘m§J ¶h

Wr {H$ ""O~ VH$ {H$ gaH$mar godmAm| ‘| nhbo go""O~ VH$ {H$ gaH$mar godmAm| ‘| nhbo go""O~ VH$ {H$ gaH$mar godmAm| ‘| nhbo go""O~ VH$ {H$ gaH$mar godmAm| ‘| nhbo go""O~ VH$ {H$ gaH$mar godmAm| ‘| nhbo go

hr O‘o bmoJm| H$mo g§»¶m CZHo$ ~am~a Z hmo OmE''hr O‘o bmoJm| H$mo g§»¶m CZHo$ ~am~a Z hmo OmE''hr O‘o bmoJm| H$mo g§»¶m CZHo$ ~am~a Z hmo OmE''hr O‘o bmoJm| H$mo g§»¶m CZHo$ ~am~a Z hmo OmE''hr O‘o bmoJm| H$mo g§»¶m CZHo$ ~am~a Z hmo OmE''

V~ VH$ Ho$db ‘wgb‘mZm| g{hV X{‘V dJm] Ho$V~ VH$ Ho$db ‘wgb‘mZm| g{hV X{‘V dJm] Ho$V~ VH$ Ho$db ‘wgb‘mZm| g{hV X{‘V dJm] Ho$V~ VH$ Ho$db ‘wgb‘mZm| g{hV X{‘V dJm] Ho$V~ VH$ Ho$db ‘wgb‘mZm| g{hV X{‘V dJm] Ho$

Cå‘rXdmam| H$s {Z¶wp³V¶m§ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&Cå‘rXdmam| H$s {Z¶wp³V¶m§ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&Cå‘rXdmam| H$s {Z¶wp³V¶m§ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&Cå‘rXdmam| H$s {Z¶wp³V¶m§ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&Cå‘rXdmam| H$s {Z¶wp³V¶m§ H$s OmZr Mm{hE& CZH$m

CÔoí¶ àemgZ ‘§o ^ÐbmoH$ Ho$ EH$m{YH$ma^ÐbmoH$ Ho$ EH$m{YH$ma^ÐbmoH$ Ho$ EH$m{YH$ma^ÐbmoH$ Ho$ EH$m{YH$ma^ÐbmoH$ Ho$ EH$m{YH$ma H$mo g‘má

H$aZm Wm& CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ EH$ ~hþV N>moQ>o Aëng§»¶H$EH$ ~hþV N>moQ>o Aëng§»¶H$EH$ ~hþV N>moQ>o Aëng§»¶H$EH$ ~hþV N>moQ>o Aëng§»¶H$EH$ ~hþV N>moQ>o Aëng§»¶H$

dJ© H$m Ý¶m¶nm{bH$m na dM©ñd, Xoe Ho$ {bEdJ© H$m Ý¶m¶nm{bH$m na dM©ñd, Xoe Ho$ {bEdJ© H$m Ý¶m¶nm{bH$m na dM©ñd, Xoe Ho$ {bEdJ© H$m Ý¶m¶nm{bH$m na dM©ñd, Xoe Ho$ {bEdJ© H$m Ý¶m¶nm{bH$m na dM©ñd, Xoe Ho$ {bE

A{êmn h¡ A{êmn h¡ A{êmn h¡ A{êmn h¡ A{êmn h¡ Am¡a ¶h àñVmd {H$¶m {H$ H|$Ðr¶ d

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H$s ñWmnZm H$s OmE& CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ H|$Ðr¶ Am¶omJ

H$m AÜ¶j JdZ©a OZab H$s H$m¶©H$mar n[afX H$m

H$moB© ¶yamo{n¶Z gXñ¶ hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a amÁ¶ godm

Am¶moJm| Ho$ AÜ¶j, Jd©Za H$s H$m¶©n[afX H$m ¶yamonr¶

gXñ¶& Bg àH$ma CÝhm|Zo ¶h gm’$ H$a {X¶m {H$ CÝh|

D±$Mr Om{V¶m| Ho$ maVr¶m| na H$VB© amogm Zht h¡& do

MmhVo Wo {H$ Xoe ‘| "{Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© àmW{‘H$"{Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© àmW{‘H$"{Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© àmW{‘H$"{Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© àmW{‘H$"{Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© àmW{‘H$

{ejm'{ejm'{ejm'{ejm'{ejm' ì¶dñWm bmJy H$s OmZr Mm{hE& ÐbmoH$ H$mo

H$Q>Kao ‘| I‹S>m H$aVo hþE X{‘V dJm] Ho$ ZoVmAm| Zo

H$hm {H$ D±$Mr Om{V¶m§ Eogm ì¶dhma H$aVr h¢ ‘mZmo

do "^maVr¶ OZVm H$s {Xì¶ g§ajH$' h¡&

JwéM§X Zo O‘tXmam| Ûmam {H$E Om aho emofU Ho$

{Ibm’$ ^r A{^¶mZ Mbm¶m& gZ 1921 ‘| ~§Jmb

{dYmZn[afX Ho$ gXñ¶m| ‘wHw§$X {~hmar ‘pëbH$ d

^rî‘Xod Xmg Zo ‘m§J H$s {H$ Eogm H$mZyZ ~Zm¶m OmE

{H$ ’$gb H$m Xmo-{VhmB© {hñgm ~Q>mB© na IoVr H$aZo

dmbo H$mo {‘boJm& ¶ht go {V^mJm Am§XmobZ H$m

~rOmamonU hþAm, {Ogo ~mX ‘| ~§Jmbr gmå¶dm{X¶m|


Zo {H$gmZm| Ho$ nj ‘| AnZo Am§XmobZ Ho$ {bE AnZm¶m&

~§Jmb ‘| gZ 1937 ‘| hþE {dYmZ‘§S>b MwZmd ‘|

30 {Zdm©MZ joÌ Ama{jV Wo Am¡a BZ‘| go 12 ‘|

Zm‘eyÐm| Zo {dO¶ hm{gb H$s& {dO¶r Cå‘rXdmam| ‘|

go 10 JwéM§X Ho$ AZw¶m¶r Wo Am¡a 2 H$m§J«og Ho$

à{V{Z{Y Wo& g^r JwéM§X Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go Jhao VH$

à^m{dV Wo& S>m°. grEg ‘rS> Zo JwéM§X H$mo AnZr

lÕm§O{b BZ eãXm| ‘| Xr… ""do Eogr CXma gmoM,

gmhg Am¡a XÿaX¥pîQ> Ho$ YZr Wo Omo {H$ X{H$¶mZygr

g‘mO Ho$ nwéfm| ‘| ~hþV H$‘ hr nmB© OmVr h¡& CÝhm|Zo

‘hmZ Zm‘eyÐ Om{V H$s CÞ{V Ho$ {bE ~hþV Hw$N>

{H$¶m& do CZH$s G$Ur h¢ Am¡a ‘¢ ^r CZH$m CVZm hr

G$Ur hÿ§&''

gZ 1946 ‘| S>m°. ~r.Ama. Am§~oS>H$a H$m

g§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| ~§Jmb go MwZmd,

~§Jmbr ANy>Vm| Ho$ à{V{Z{Y¶m| O¡go OmoJoÝÐZmW ‘§S>b,

‘wHw$ÝX{~hmar ‘pëbH$, Ûm[aH$mZmW ~éB©, ZmJoÝÐ ZmW

am¶ d joÌZmW qgh H$s amOZr{VH$ n[an³dVm Am¡a

XÿaÑpîQ> H$m CXmhaU Wm& ¶o g^r bmoJ ’$arXnwa,

O¡gmoa, IwbZm Am¡a ~margmb {Obm| go Wo& ~§Jmbr

X{bVm| H$mo ¶h g§Xoh h¡ {H$ S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a H$moS>m°. Am§~oS>H$a H$moS>m°. Am§~oS>H$a H$moS>m°. Am§~oS>H$a H$moS>m°. Am§~oS>H$a H$mo

g§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| {Zdm©{MV H$aZog§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| {Zdm©{MV H$aZog§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| {Zdm©{MV H$aZog§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| {Zdm©{MV H$aZog§{dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ én ‘| {Zdm©{MV H$aZo

H$s gOm ñdén hr Zm‘eyÐm| H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmboH$s gOm ñdén hr Zm‘eyÐm| H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmboH$s gOm ñdén hr Zm‘eyÐm| H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmboH$s gOm ñdén hr Zm‘eyÐm| H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmboH$s gOm ñdén hr Zm‘eyÐm| H$s ~‹S>r Am~mXr dmbo

BZ {Obm| H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ H$m {hñgm ~Zm {X¶mBZ {Obm| H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ H$m {hñgm ~Zm {X¶mBZ {Obm| H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ H$m {hñgm ~Zm {X¶mBZ {Obm| H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ H$m {hñgm ~Zm {X¶mBZ {Obm| H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ H$m {hñgm ~Zm {X¶m

J¶m&J¶m&J¶m&J¶m&J¶m& BZ ANy>Vm| H$mo nX} Ho$ nrN>o go g§{dYmZ {Z‘m©U

‘| y{‘H$m H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm {‘bZm ~mH$s h¡&

{dXo{e¶m| Zo maV AmZo Ho$ ~mX maV Ho$ gmW hr EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m CnH$ma {H$¶m {H$g§ñH¥$V ^mfm H$m A{YH$m§e boIZ àH$m{eV {H$¶m ‘¡³g‘yba, ‘mo{Z¶a {d{b¶åg,E.~r.H$sW, ‘¡³S>moZob O¡go nMmgm| {dÛmZm| Zo ~«m÷Um| Ûmam Nw>nmH$a aIo àVwb gm{hË¶H$m Z {g’©$ CÕma {H$¶m ~pëH$ CZH$mo ì¶dpñWV Am¡a ì¶m»¶m{¶V ^r {H$¶m ^maVr¶AVrV Ho$ ~«m÷U gm{hË¶ H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE ‘mo{Z¶a {d{b¶åg Ho$ ~¥hV² "g§ñH¥$VB§p½be {S>³eZar' Zm‘H$ eãXH$moe Am¡a ‘¡³S>moZob Ho$ "d¡{XH$ BÊS>o³g' O¡go H$m‘ AmOIwX ~«m÷U {dMmaH$m| Ho$ {bE g~go ~‹S>o amogo h¢& doXm| H$s à{V A§J«oO Zo H¡$go àmá H$s,¶h EH$ N>moQ>r-‘moQ>r Omgygr H$Wm hr h¡&

^maV H$m ~«m÷U Kmoa AVrVOrdr ahm h¡& nwamU CgH$s OmZ ~Z aho h¢, na nwamVZH$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ àm‘m{UH$ n[ajU H$aZo go dh K¥Um H$aVm ahm h¡& Bgr{bE CÝhm|Zo H$^r^maVr¶ AVrV Ho$ B{Vhmg H$mo COmJa Zht hmoZo {X¶m&

-‘wÐmamjg (Y‘©J«ÝWm| H$m nwZa²nmR> go)


Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ H$m B{Vhmg-~moY-H±$db ^maVr

{hÝXr ‘| gdm©{YH$ »¶m{V-àmá X{bV boIH$Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ Zo H${dVm, H$hmZr Am¡aAmË‘H$Wm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go X{bV gm{hË¶ H$mo {OVZmg‘¥Õ {H$¶m, CVZm hr AmbmoMZm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ goCZH$mo ZwH$gmZ r nhþ±Mm¶m& CZHo$ g¥OZmË‘H$ gm{hË¶H$r gmar AZw y{V¶m± {hÝXr joÌ H$s h¢, na Cgr VahAmbmoMZm ‘| CZH$m {MÝVZ {hÝXr joÌ H$m Zht h¡&AmbmoMZm ‘| do AnZo B{Vhmg-~moY ‘| nyar Vah‘amR>r H$s O‘rZ na I‹S>o h¢, Omo {hÝXr joÌ go Á¶mXmn[a{MV Zht h¡& Bg{bE ¶h AË¶ÝV XþIX h¡ {H$ doAmbmoMZm ‘| {hÝXr H$s nyar {MÝVZ-naånam go H$Q>ohþE h¢ Am¡a H$~ra, a¡Xmg, hram S>mo‘, ANy>VmZÝX,Ho$dbmZÝX Am¡a A¶moÜ¶m ZmW XÊS>r Am{X {H$gr Ho$^r AdXmZ H$mo CÝhm|Zo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee hr ZhtH$s& Bg gÝX © ‘| ‘¢ ¶hm± CZH$s AmbmoMZm-nwñVH$"X{bVgm{hË¶ … AZw d, g§Kf© Ed§ ¶WmW©' ‘| g§H${bVCZHo$ boI "{hÝXr X{bV H${dVm Am¡a gÝV gm{hË¶'na Hw$N> {dMma H$aZm Amdí¶H$ g‘PVm hÿ±&

do boI Ho$ Amaå^ ‘| hr X{bV H${dVm H$sg§Kf©-¶mÌm H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aVo hþE {bIVo h¢- "dh¶{X VWmH${WV g¥pîQ> {Z‘m©Vm ¶m B©ída go ^r AnZr{eH$m¶V XO© H$aVm Vmo CgHo$ AÝVg ‘| ~gr hrZVmCgo {J‹S>{J‹S>mZo H$mo hr ~mÜ¶ H$aVr Wr& gÝVm| H$sdmUr ‘| ¶h {J‹S>{J‹S>mhQ> gm’$ Vm¡a na XoIr OmgH$Vr h¡&' (n¥îR> 57) ¶hm± CÝhm|Zo AnZr AkmZVmH$m n[aM¶ {X¶m h¡& CÝh| ¶{X H$~ra-a¡Xmg H$s naånamH$m kmZ hmoVm Vmo do XoI gH$Vo Wo {H$ {Og hrZVmAm¡a {J‹S>{J‹S>mhQ> H$s ~mV do H$a aho h¢, CgH$m boe‘mÌ ^r H$~ra-a¡Xmg ‘| Zht ho& CÝhm|Zo ~«m÷U H$sAm±Im| ‘| Xå^ H$mo ^r MH$ZmMya {H$¶m h¡& ¶h H$~rahr Wo, {OÝhm|Zo XmoZm| hmW CR>mH$a KmofUm H$s Wr {H$

~«m÷U H$hVm aho AnZo H$mo OJV²Jwé, na dh {ZJw©U~«m÷U H$hVm aho AnZo H$mo OJV²Jwé, na dh {ZJw©U~«m÷U H$hVm aho AnZo H$mo OJV²Jwé, na dh {ZJw©U~«m÷U H$hVm aho AnZo H$mo OJV²Jwé, na dh {ZJw©U~«m÷U H$hVm aho AnZo H$mo OJV²Jwé, na dh {ZJw©U

gmYwAm| H$m H$Xm{n Jwé Zht hmo gH$Vm&gmYwAm| H$m H$Xm{n Jwé Zht hmo gH$Vm&gmYwAm| H$m H$Xm{n Jwé Zht hmo gH$Vm&gmYwAm| H$m H$Xm{n Jwé Zht hmo gH$Vm&gmYwAm| H$m H$Xm{n Jwé Zht hmo gH$Vm& ¶h H$~rahr Wo, {OÝhm|Zo ~«m÷U Ho$ {bE H$hm Wm {H$ ¶{X dhOÝ‘OmV Cƒ n¡Xm hþAm h¡, Vmo dh {H$gr AÝ¶ Ûmago ³¶m| Zht n¡Xm hþAm? ¶Wm -

~«m÷U Jwé OJV H$m, gmYw H$m Jwé Zmht&Ca{P-nwa{P H$a ‘[a ahm, M[aC doXm ‘mht&&Om¡ Vy ~m§ Z ~§ Zr Am¶m,Vm¡ AmZ dmQ> H$mho Zht Am¶m&dU©ì¶dñWm, ~«m÷Ur gÎmm Am¡a ~«m÷U-emñÌm|

H$mo ZH$maZo dmbo X{bV gÝVm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| dmë‘r{H$H$s OmZH$mar {H$VZr ghr h¡, ¶h CZHo$ Bg {dMma gonVm MbVm h¡- "{~IaVr {hÝXÿ gÎmm d dU©ì¶dñWmH$mo H$‘Omoa H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶ Cgo Am¡a Á¶mXm ‘O~yV~ZmZo Am¡a CgH$m ì¶mnH$ àMma-àgma H$aZo ‘| gÝVgm{hË¶ H$s y{‘H$m ahr h¡& Bggo dU©ì¶dñWm H$sd¡Mm[aH$Vm H$mo ~b {‘bm&' (n¥îR> 57-58)Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ ~«m÷UgÝVm~«m÷UgÝVm~«m÷UgÝVm~«m÷UgÝVm~«m÷UgÝVm| Am¡a X{bV gÝVmX{bV gÝVmX{bV gÝVmX{bV gÝVmX{bV gÝVm|‘| AÝVa Zht H$a nm¶o, ¶h CZHo$ AÜ¶¶Z H$sH$‘Omoar h¡& Bgr H$‘Omoar H$s dOh go do X{bVgm{hË¶ H$mo gÝV gm{hË¶ go Omo‹S>H$a XoIZo H$m ^r{damoY H$aVo h¢& do IÊS>Z Ho$ BamXo go S>m°. M‘ZbmbH$m ‘V CX²Y¥V H$aVo h¢-

"AmYw{ZH$ X{bV gm{hV¶ Zo ^r AnZr nhMmZg‘mO Ho$ {dH¥$V Om{VJV T>m±Mo Ho$ à{V AnZm AmH«$moeOVmH$a H$s h¡& Bg gÝX © ‘| AmYw{ZH$ X{bV gm{hË¶H$s O‹S>o H$~ra Am¡a a{dXmg H$s dmUr ‘oo§ XoIr OmgH$Vr h¢§& Bg{bE Bg VÏ¶ H$mo ¶hm± aoIm§{H$V {H$¶mOm gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ghr ‘m¶Zm| ‘| H$~ra Am¡a a{dXmg{hÝXr X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ AJ«XÿV h¡& CÎmar ^maV ‘|X{bV gm{hË¶ H$m Amaå^ H$~ra Am¡a a{dXmg go‘mZm OmZm Mm{hE Am¡a dht go X{bV gm{hË¶ H$mEo{Vhm{gH$ AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&' (n¥îR> 58)


S>m°. M‘Zbmb Zo Hw$N> r JbV Zht H$hm h¡& do{~ëHw$b R>rH$ H$hVo h¢ {H$ AmYw{ZH$ X{bV gm{hË¶H$s O‹S>| H$~ra Am¡a a{dXmg H$s dmUr ‘| XoIr OmgH$Vr h¢& ¶h B{Vhmg H$s ghr OmZH$mar h¡& {H$ÝVwdmë‘r{H$ Or S>m°. M‘Zbmb Ho$ g^r Eo{Vhm{gH$gÝX^m] H$mo AZXoIm H$aVo hþE {g’©$ Om{V-{damoY H$mohr X{bV gm{hË¶ g‘PZo H$m VH©$ XoVo {XImB© XoVo h¢&X{bV gm{hË¶ H$s AÝV…MoVZm, {Ogo X{bV MoVZmH$hm OmVm h¡, Omo gm{hË¶ H$mo X{bV gm{hË¶ ‘|n[ad{V©V H$aVr h¢, H$mo Z XoIZo H$s àd¥{Îm ¶hm±{XImB© XoVr h¡&' (dhr)

{ZpíMV én go ¶h dmë‘r{H$ Or H$s H$‘OmoarWr {H$ CÝhm|Zo H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg (a{dXmg) H$m {d{YdVAÜ¶¶Z Zht {H$¶m Wm, AÝ¶Wm do H$~ra Am¡a a¡XmgH$s dmUr ‘| X{bV MoVZm Ho$ g§Kf© H$mo Oéa XoIVo&bo{H$Z h‘mao {bE ¶h OmZZm Oéar h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo{H$g AmYma na H$~ra-a¡Xmg H$s X{bV MoVZm H$moIm[aO {H$¶m Wm? BgHo$ {bE ¶h OmZZm Oéar h¡{H$ X{bV MoVZm go CZH$m A{^àm¶ ³¶m Wm? doAnZr X{bV MoVZm H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE {bIVo h¢-

""d¡Mm[aH$ én go X{bV MoVZm ~ÝYwVm Am¡añdVÝÌVm H$s njYa h¡& AZrídadmX, AZmË‘dmX,nwZO©Ý‘, ~«m÷UdmXr g‘mO-ì¶dñWm H$m {damoY,Am{W©H$ joÌ ‘| ny±OrdmX H$m {damoY, ñÌr Ho$ à{Vg‘mZVm H$m ^md Am{X {d{eîQ> {~ÝXþ h¢, Omo X{bVMoVZm Ho$ gamoH$mam| ‘| e[‘b h¢& X{bV MoVZm H$mgamoH$ma BZ àíZm| go ~hþV Jhao VH$ Ow‹S>m h¡ {H$ "‘¢H$m¡Z hÿ±', "‘oar nhMmZ ³¶m h¡?' ''(n¥îR> 59-60)

X{bV MoVZm Ho$ ¶o gmao gamoH$ma, Omo AmYw{ZH$X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ gamoH$ma h¢, nÝÐhdt gXr Ho$ H$~raAm¡a a¡Xmg Ho$ H$mì¶ ‘| ^r nyar OrdÝVVm Ho$ gmW‘m¡OyX h¢& g‘ñ¶m dmë‘r{H$ Or Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$s h¢¶Ú{n {ZJw©UdmX Cg AW© ‘| B©ídadmX Zht h¡, {OgAW© ‘| ~«m÷UdmX Cgo g¥pîQ>H$Vm© Am¡a ^m½¶{dYmVm

Ho$ én ‘| ‘mZVm h¡& H$~ra-a¡Xmg H$m B©ída JwU-{dhrZ h¡, Omo Z {H$gr H$mo n¡Xm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z{H$gr H$mo ‘¥Ë¶w XoVm h¡& BgHo$ {bE ^r VËH$mbrZamOZr{VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZm Oéar h¡& dhbmoH$ H$m Zht, ~pëH$ ‘wpñb‘ gwbVmZ H$s amOemhrH$m ¶wJ Wm, {OZH$s ZOa ‘| B©ída {ZÝXm AnamY WmAm¡a CgH$s gOm ‘m¡V go H$‘ Zht Wr& ³¶m H$~ra-a¡Xmg AZrídadmXr ~ZH$a {OÝXm ah gH$Vo Wo? em¶XBgr{bE CÝh| AnZr d¡Mm[aH$ b‹S>mB© H$mo Omar aIZoHo$ {bE B©ída Ho$ én ‘| Cg {ZJw©U H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZmn‹S>m, Omo AÛ¡VdmXr ~«m÷Um| Am¡a EHo$ídadmXr ‘wpñb‘Y‘©JwéAm| H$s Am±Im| ‘| Yyb Pm|H$Zo Ho$ {bE EH$H«$mpÝVH$mar Am‹S> Wr& Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo ~wÕ H$s VahMma VÎdm| go Zht, nm±M VËdm| go Ord CËn{Îm ‘mZr,na ~wÕ Ho$ Bg ‘V H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m {H$ Ord Ho$H$aZo na Hw$N> ^r eof Zht ahVm, g^r VÎd {~N>‹S>OmVo h¢& Bgr {~Zm na H$~ra Zo nabmoH$ H$mo Zht ‘mZmVWm AmdmJ‘Z, nwZO©Ý‘ Am¡a d¡Hw$ÊR> H$m ^r IÊS>Z{H$¶m& ¶Wm-

nmUr ndZ Ad{Z Z^ nmdH$, {V{h g§J gXm ~goam&

H$h¡ H$~ra ‘Z ‘Z H$[a ~oÜ¶m, ~hþ[a Z H$s¶m ’o$am&&

AnZ¡ naM¡ bmJr Vmar, AnZ n¡ Amn g‘m±Zm°§&

H$h¡ H$~ra Oo Amn {~Mmao, {‘{Q> J¶m AmdZ Om±Zm°§&&

MbZ MbZ g~H$mo H$hV h¡, Zm± OmZm¢ ~¡Hw$ÊR> H$hm± h¡&

OmoOZ EH$ à{‘{V Zqh OmZ¢, ~mV{Z H$s ~¡Hw$ÊR> ~ImZ¢&&

~«m÷UdmXr g‘mO-ì¶dñWm H$m {damoY H$~raAm¡a a¡Xmg Zo g~go Á¶mXm {H$¶m h¡& a¡Xmg ÑpîQ> ‘|~«m÷Ur ì¶dñWm l{‘H$-{damoYr h¡& do ~«m÷U H$moZht, l{‘H$ H$mo ‘hÎd XoVo h¢& ¶Wm-

Ya‘ H$a‘ OmZ¡ Zht, ‘Z ‘h Om{V A{^‘mZ&Eogo ~«m÷U gmo ^bmo, a{dXmg l{‘H$hþ OmZ&&H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg XmoZm| H$s dU©ì¶dñWm H$m IÊS>Z

H$aVo h¢& H$~ra H$m ¶h nX Xo{IE-O¢ V¡ H$aVm ~aU {~Mma¡&


Vm¡ OZ‘V Vr{Z S>m±{S> {H$Z gma¡&&Zht H$mo D±$Mm Zht H$mo ZrMm,OmH$m ß¶§S> Vmhr H$m gtMm&Ohm± VH$ Am{W©H$ joÌ ‘| ny±OrdmX Ho$ {damoY

Am¡a dU©-dJ©-{dhrV g‘mO H$s njYaVm H$m gdmbh¡, Vmo B{Vhmg ‘oo§ EH$ ì¶dpñWV Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ T>§Jgo ny±OrdmX Am¡a dJ© H$s ì¶m»¶m h‘ H$mb© ‘m³g© gonhbo Zht XoIVo& ¶h H$ënZmdmXr g‘mOdmX H$~raAm¡a a¡Xmg Ho$ Xe©Z ‘| ^r ‘m¡OyX h¡& AJa h‘ CZHo$Xe©Z na {ZJw©UdmX H$s bm¡{H$H$ ÑpîQ> S>mbH$a XoI|,Vmo do ^maVr¶ {MÝVZ ‘| g~go àIa ^m¡{VH$dmXrXe©{ZH$ h¡& a¡Xmg Zo ¶h H$h H$a-

a{dXmg ~«m÷U ‘V ny{O¶o, Omo hmod¡ JwZ hrZ&ny{O¶o MaU MÊS>mb Ho$, OC hmo ½¶mZ na~rZ&&EH$ Z¶o gm¡ÝX¶© emñÌ H$s aMZm H$s Wr& ¶h

gm‘ÝVdmX H$m A~ VH$ H$m g~go ~‹S>m {damoY Wm&H$ënZmdmXr g‘mOdmX CZHo$ Bg nX ‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¢-

Eogm Mmhm¢ amO ‘¢, {‘b¡ g~Z H$mo AÞ&N>moQ> ~‹S>m| g^ g‘ ~g¢, a¡Xmg aho àgÞ&¶{X ~H$m¡b Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ "X{bV' MoVZm

H$m gamoH$ma BZ àíZm| go ~hþV Jhao Ow‹S>m h¡ {H$ ‘¢H$m¡Z hÿ± Amoa ‘oar ³¶m nhMmZ h¡, Vmo ¶h {~ëHw$b rJy‹T> àíZ Zht h¢& {hÝXÿ gñH¥${V ‘| BZH$m AW© ¶hr h¡{H$ ‘¢ ~«m÷U hÿ± ¶m R>mHw$a hÿ± ¶m §Jr-M‘ma hÿ±& ³¶m¶hr hmoZm ‘oar nhMmZ h¡, X{bV MoVZm Bg nhMmZH$s njYa Vmo Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CgH$m ‘yb VÎd- "‘¢ "‘¢ "‘¢ "‘¢ "‘¢

‘Zwî¶ hÿ±' Am¡a "‘Zwî¶Vm hr ‘oar nhMmZ h¡' ‘Zwî¶ hÿ±' Am¡a "‘Zwî¶Vm hr ‘oar nhMmZ h¡' ‘Zwî¶ hÿ±' Am¡a "‘Zwî¶Vm hr ‘oar nhMmZ h¡' ‘Zwî¶ hÿ±' Am¡a "‘Zwî¶Vm hr ‘oar nhMmZ h¡' ‘Zwî¶ hÿ±' Am¡a "‘Zwî¶Vm hr ‘oar nhMmZ h¡' ¶h h¡&{’$a ^r ¶{X dmb‘r{H$ Or H$s naoemZr H$m H$maU¶h Wm {H$ H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Zo AnZo Amn H$moOwbmhm Am¡a M‘mar H$hm h¡, Vmo ¶h OmVr¶ nhMmZdo ñd¶§ ^r AnZo Zm‘ Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>Vo Wo& {’$a gÝVm|H$s OmVr¶ nhMmZ go CÝh| ³¶m naoemZr Wr? gM Vmo¶h h¡ {H$ {Og Vah Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ ‘| AnZrOm{V H$mo boH$a H$moB© hrZVm-^md Zht Wm, Cgr Vah

X{bV gÝV ^r AnZr Om{V¶m| H$mo boH$a hrZVm H$sJ«pÝW go ‘w³V Wo& Cgr Vah X{bV gÝV ^r AnZrOm{V¶m| H$mo boH$a hrZVm H$s J«pÝW go ‘w³V Wo&H$~ra O~ g¥pîQ> Ho$ yXodm| H$mo bbH$maVo Wo "Vy~«m÷U ‘¢ H$mgr H$m Owbmhm, MrpÝh Z ‘moa {J¶mZm'Am¡a a¡Xmg ¶h H$hH$a bmoJm| H$mo nwH$maVo Wo- "H$ha¡Xmg Ibmg M‘mam, Omo h‘ghar gmo ‘rV h‘mam,'Vmo do ~«m÷UdmXr g‘mO H$mo ¶hr ~Vm aho Wo {H$ kmZH$m H$moB© ^r gå~ÝY dU© Am¡a Om{V go Zht h¡ Am¡aZ kmZ ~«m÷U H$s ~nm¡Vr h¡&

{ZñgÝXoh Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ B{Vhmg Ho${dÚmWu Zht Wo, Am¡a gm{hË¶ Ho$ AÜ¶oVm Ho$ én ‘|ämr CÝhm|Zo B{Vhmg H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm Amdí¶H$Zht g‘Pm Wm, Bg{bE CZH$m B{Vhmg-~moY VÏ¶m|go nao Am¡a H$moar ~¶mZ~mOr dmbm hr h¡& do {bIVoh¢- "B©ída^p³V Ho$ {bE BÝh| (gÝVm| H$mo) ‘pÝXa Ho$~mha hr ~¡R>Zm n‹S>m& B©ída ^r BZHo$ {bE ‘pÝXa-àdoe H$amZo ‘| Ag‘W© ahm& BZH$s H$moB© ‘XX B©ídaZht H$a nm¶m& Bg{bE p³VH$mbrZ g^r gÝV {ZJw©UCnmgH$ h¢ Am¡a g^r ^³V gJwU&' (n¥îR> 60)

gÝV gm{hË¶ Ho$ gånyU© B{Vhmg ‘| {ZJw©UdmXna Eogr bMa Am¡a ~MH$mZr Xbrb Zht {‘boJr,O¡gr Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ Zo ¶hm± Xr h¡& BgH$m EH$hr H$maU Wm {H$ do gÝV-gm{hË¶ go A{^Zk Wo&AJa do gÝV-gm{hË¶ n‹T> boVo, Vmo ¶h H$^r Zht{bIVo {H$ {OÝh| ‘pÝXa ‘| àdoe Zht {‘bm, do g^rgÝV {ZJw©U hmo J¶o& ZmZH$ Vmo ANy>V Om{V go Zht WoAm¡a CZH$m g‘¶ ^r H$~ra-a¡Xmg Ho$ ~mX H$m h¡,CÝh| ‘pÝXa ‘| àdoe r {‘b gH$Vm Wm, {’$a do ³¶m|{ZJw©U Ho$ CnmgH$ hþE? ¶h gdmb dmë‘r{H$ Or Ho${X‘mJ ‘| Am¶m hr Zht hmoJm& Eogo gdmb V^r{X‘mJ ‘| AmVo h¢, O~ Cg {df¶ H$m Jå^ra AÜ¶¶Z{H$¶m OmVm h¡& XaAgb gdmb ‘pÝXa Ho$ rVa Am¡a‘pÝXa Ho$ ~mha H$m Zht h¡& gdmb ^rVa Am¡a ~mha


Ho$ Xe©Z ({dMma) H$m h¡& ‘pÝXa Ho$ ^rVa à{V‘m h¡Am¡a ~mha à{V‘m Zht ho& à{V‘m XodVm H$s h¡, B©ídaH$s Zht h¡, B©ída Omo gdm}ƒ Am¡a na‘-B©ída g‘PmOmVm h¡, CgH$s H$moB© à{V‘m AmO VH$ Zht ~Zr,dh à{V‘m Z ~«m÷Um| Zo ~Zm¶r, Z B©gmB¶m| Zo Am¡a Z‘wgb‘mZm| Zo& {ZJw©UdmXr gÝV Cgr na‘-B©ída Ho$CnmgH$ Wo, {OgHo$ {bE H$moB© ‘pÝXa Zht ~Zm Am¡aOmo ‘pÝXa H$s n[a{Y go hr ‘w³V h¡& ‘pÝXa Ho$ ^rVaXe©Z H$m Omb h¡-XodVm Ho$ Zm‘, én, brbm, H$sV©Z,AmdmJ‘Z, AdVma, ~¡Hw$ÊR>, ñdJ©-ZH©$, ‘moj g~H$mOmb h¡& na, ‘pÝXa Ho$ ~mha BZ g~go ‘wp³V h¡&~mha {g’©$ bmoH$ h¡, nabmoH$ Zht h¡, ‘Zwî¶ H$m OÝ‘h¡, nwZO©Ý‘ Zht h¡&

bo{H$Z Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ AmJo {bIVo h¢{H$ X{bV gÝVm|o H$mo ‘pÝXa-àdoe Ho$ {bE b‹S>mB©b‹S>Zr Mm{hE Wr& CZHo$ ¶o eãX Xo{I¶o-

"‘wpñb‘ emgZ Ho$ à^md go Cg H$mb ‘| AZoH$gÝV amîQ´>r¶ ’$bH$ na EH$ gmW C^ao, bo{H$Z ‘pÝXaHo$ XadmOo CZHo$ {bE ~ÝX Wo, {OÝh| IwbdmZo Ho${bE g§Kf© H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶ BÝhm|Zo ñd¶§ H$mo Bg amñVogo hQ>mH$a {ZJw©U H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> {X¶m, {OgH$m Aga¶h hþAm {H$ g‘mO ‘| Omo EH$ A{YH$ma nmZo H$sb‹S>mB© ewé hmoZr Mm{hE Wr, dh Zht hþB©&' (dhr)

¶hm± dmë‘r{H$ Or X{bV MoVZm H$mo {H$VZmJbV ‘mo‹S> Xo aho h¢& do nyar X{bV MoVZm H$mo ~«m÷UdmXrMoVZm ‘| ~Xb XoZo H$s ¶h am¶ Xo aho h¢ {H$ H$~raAm¡a a¡Xmg H$mo ¶h KmofUm H$aVo hþE {H$ h‘ {hÝXÿ h¢,‘pÝXa ‘o§ àdoe H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma nmZo H$s b‹S>mB©b‹S>Zr Mm{hE Wr& ³¶m {hÝXÿ-‘pÝXam| ‘| àdoe H$aHo$dU©ì¶dñWm go b‹S>m Om gH$Vm Wm& Aå~oS>H$a Zo r‘pÝXa-àdoe H$mo AnZo AmÝXmobZ H$m H$m¶©H«$‘ Zht~Zm¶m Wm& CZH$m Zm{gH$ ‘| H$mbmam‘ ‘pÝXa H$mgË¶mJ«h ^r ‘pÝXa-àdoe H$m AmÝXmobZ Zht Wm,~pëH$ CgH$m Ü¶o¶ nyao {díd H$mo ANy>Vm| H$s Ym{‘©H$

pñW{V go n[a{MV H$amZm Wm& CÝhm|Zo bÝXZ go 3‘mM© 1934 H$mo AnZo gh¶moJr ^mD$amd Jm¶H$dmS>H$mo nÌ ‘| {bIm Wm-

""AmnZo AJbr am‘Zd‘r H$mo H$mbmam‘ ‘pÝXa‘| gË¶mJ«h ewé H$aZo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ‘oam ‘V OmZZmMmhm h¡& ‘oar ¶h am¶ h¡ {H$ gË¶mJ«h H$mo AmJo ZMbm¶m Om¶ Am¡a nyar Vah ~ÝX H$a {X¶m Om¶& ‘¢Zo‘pÝXa-àdoe AmÝXmobZ Bg{bE Amaå^ Zht {H$¶mWm {H$ X{bV bmoJ CZ XodVmAm| Ho$ nyOH$ ~Z Om¶|,{OÝhm|Zo CÝh| nyOm H$aZo go amoH$ {X¶m Wm& ¶h AmÝXmobZ‘¢Zo Bg{bE Amaå^ {H$¶m Wm {H$ ‘wPo bJVm Wm {H$‘pÝXa-àdoe CÝh| {hÝXÿ g‘mO H$m A{Zdm¶© A§J~Zm XoJm& Bg nhby go A~ VH$ XoIZo Ho$ ~mX X{bVdJm] H$mo {hÝXÿ g‘mO H$s nyU© ‘aå‘V H$aZo na OmoaXoZo H$s gbmh Xÿ±Jm& ‘¢Zo gË¶mJ«h Bg{bE Amaå^{H$¶m Wm, ³¶m|{H$ ‘wPo ¶h bJm Wm {H$ X{bVm| H$mo{H«$¶merb ~ZmZo H$m ¶h ~ohVa amñVm Wm, {OgZoCÝh| AnZr pñW{V H$m ^r ~moY H$am¶m& na, My±{H$ ‘¢‘mZVm hÿ± {H$ ‘¢Zo Bg CÔoí¶ H$mo àmá H$a {b¶m h¡,Bg{bE A~ ‘wPo ‘pÝXa-àdoe Ho$ {bE Am¡a Hw$N>H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& ‘¢ MmhVm h±ÿ {H$ X{bVdJm] Ho$ bmoJ O~ AnZr D$Om© Am¡a AnZo g§gmYZamOZr{V Am¡a {ejm na Ho$pÝÐV H$a| Am¡a ‘wPo Amemh¡ {H$ do BZ XmoZm| MrOm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘P|Jo&''(Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings AndSpeeches, Vol. 17, Part One, Page 202)

¶{X H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Zo {hÝXÿ Y‘© Ho$ gmW Eogmà¶moJ Zht {H$¶m Wm, Vmo BgH$m H$maU ¶hr Wm {H$ doCg {MÝVZ-naånam go Am¶o Wo, Omo {hÝXÿ Y‘© H$sZht Wr& bo{H$Z A’$gmog {H$ Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$Zo H$~ra Amoa a¡Xmg H$mo CZH$s Ad¡{XH$ naånam ‘|g‘PZo H$s {~ëHw$b ^r H$mo{ee Zht H$s& BZ gÝVm|Ho$ ~mao ‘| CÝhm|Zo AnZr g‘P bmbOr n|S>go, S>m°.Ama.Or.qgh, hOmar àgmX {ÛdoXr Am¡a ~m~yamd ~mJwb


BZ Mma boIH$m| H$s nwñVH$m| H$mo n‹T>H$a {dH${gV H$sWr& Bg{bE do AnZo boI ‘| H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Ho${H$gr ^r nX H$m ‘yb òmoV Zht Xo gHo$ h¢& do AnZoboI ‘| ewé go AÝV VH$ BÝht nwñVH$m| Ho$ ghmao Mboh¢ Am¡a Ohm± do ñdVÝÌ hþE h¢, dhm± CÝhm|Zo qH$dXpÝV¶m|H$m ghmam {b¶m h¡& ‘gbZ, do H$hVo h¢- ""¶hm°&¶h VÏ¶ r Ü¶mZ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ {H$ H$~ra Am¡aa¡Xmg H$m Jwé am‘mZÝX ‘mZm OmVm h¡, Omo gJwU YmamHo$ ^³V h¢& bo{H$Z CZHo$ {eî¶ H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg{ZJw©U Ymam Ho$ gÝV h¢&'' (n¥îR> 60)

dmë‘r{H$ Or H$mo Bgr ‘yb AÝVa go g‘P boZmMm{hE Wm {H$ am‘mZÝX H$~ra-a¡Xmg Ho$ Jwé H¡$go hmogH$Vo h¢? X{bV-{MÝVZ Zo H$^r ^r am‘mZÝX H$moH$~ra-a¡Xmg H$m Jwé Zht ‘mZm& B{Vhmg go r am‘mZÝXH$~ra Ho$ Jwé gm{~V Zht hmoVo, ³¶m|{H$ am‘mZÝXH$~ra go nhbo hþE h¢& H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg H$mo am‘mZÝXH$m {eî¶ ~ZmZo H$m gmam Iob Ho$db ~«m÷Um| ZoqH$dXpÝV¶m± J‹T>H$a Iobm h¡& A’$gmog {H$ dmë‘r{H$Or Zo ^r CÝht qH$dXpÝV¶m| H$mo à‘mU ‘mZ {b¶mWm& do AmJo Am¡a ^r H$~ra-a¡Xmg H$mo ZH$maVo hþE{bIVo h¢-

""gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~Xbmd bmZo H$spñW{V ‘| ¶o gÝV H$^r ^r Zht aho& ¶hm± VH$ {H$H$~ra H$s Omo H«$mpÝVH$mar N>{d {XIm¶r XoVr h¡, dh^r AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gdmbm| na g§Kf© H$aZo H$o ~Om¶AnZm amñVm hr ~Xb boVo h¢, {Oggo g‘mO ‘| {Og~Xbmd H$s gå^mdZm ~Z gH$Vr Wr, dh g¡H$‹S>m|gmb AmJo {IgH$ OmVr h¡&'' (dhr)

dmë‘r{H$ Or H$s Bg gmoM Ho$ {bE {g’©$ A’$gmoghr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ do H$~ra-a¡Xmg Ho$ AÜ¶mË‘H$mo Zht g‘P nm¶o& AJa H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Ho$AÜ¶mË‘ H$m dhr AW© h¡, Omo nabmoH$ H$mo OmZo dmbo{hÝXÿ AÜ¶mË‘ H$m h¡, Vmo do {hÝXÿ gJwUdmX H$m hrd¡{XH$ amñVm AnZmVo, {ZJw©UdmXr ³¶m| ~ZVo? {’$a

³¶m do dU©ì¶dñWm, ~«m÷UdmX, AdVmadmX, nwZO©Ý‘Am¡a nabmoH$ H$m IÊS>Z H$a nmVo? V~ ^r ³¶m doH«$mpÝVH$mar ~Zo ah gH$Vo Wo? dmë‘r{H$ Or Zo ¶hOmZZo H$s r H$mo{ee Zht H$s Wr {H$ S>m°. Aå~oS>H$aZo H$~ra H$mo AnZm Jwé ³¶m| ‘mZm Wm? ³¶m donabmoH$dmXr {hÝXÿ-AÜ¶mË‘ H$mo ‘mZZo dmbo H$~raH$mo AnZm Jwé ‘mZ gH$Vo Wo? ¶hm± VH$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$gdmbm| na g§Kf© H$aZo H$s ~mV h¡ H$~ra H$m nyamOrdZ hr Bgr g§Kf© ‘| ~rVm ho& ¶{X dmë‘r{H$ H$~raHo$ Bg H${dVm-g§Kf© H$mo Zht Xo»m nm¶o, Vmo ¶hCZH$s H$‘Omoar Wr& gM Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ H$~ra Am¡aa¡Xmg H$m ~«m÷U Ho$ gmW g§Kf© hr AmÜ¶mpË‘H$gdmbm| na hþAm Wm& gm‘ÝVdmXr Am¡a ~«m÷UdmXrAmÜ¶mpË‘H$ VÝÌ ‘| ^mfU Ho$ {OVZo ^r àn§M hmogH$Vo h¢, H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Zo CZ g~Ho$ {Ibm’$AmdmO CR>m¶r h¡& CÝhm|Zo ‘y{V© Am¡a VrW© VH$ H$mIÊS>Z {H$¶m h¡& H$~ra H$hVo h¢ -""VraW ‘| Vmo g~nmZr h¡, hmodo Zqh Hw$N> AÝhm¶ XoIm/à{V‘m gH$bVmo O‹S> h¢ ^mB©, ~mobo Zqh ~mobm¶ XoIm&'' bo{H$ZAmo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ nVm Zht, AnZo {H$g òmoV go{bIVo h¢ {H$ a¡Xmg ""J§Jm-ñZmZ Ho$ {bE Zht OmgH$Vo Wo&'' Bgr {ddeVm ‘| a¡Xmg H$mo ^r H$hZmn‹S>m- ""‘Z M§Jm Vmo H$R>m¡Vr ‘| J§Jm&'' (dhr) ¶hdmë‘r{H$ H$m ‘Z-J‹T>ÝV {MÝVZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh {OgnX H$mo CX²Ym[aV H$a aho h¢, dh nX a¡Xmg H$m h¡ hrZht& a¡Xmg ¶h H$h Zht gH$Vo Ïmo {H$ ""‘Z M§Jm VmoH$R>m¡Vr ‘| J§Jm'', ³¶m|{H$ CÝhm|Zo J§Jm H$mo H$^r VrW©Zht ‘mZm& XaAgb {Og nX H$mo dmë‘r{H$ a¡Xmg H$m~Vm aho h¢, dh JmoaIZmW H$m h¡, Omo Bg Vah h¡-""AdYy ‘Z M§Jm Vmo H$R>m¡Vr hr J§Jm/~m§Ü¶m ‘oëhmVmo OJÌ² Mobm&'' (JmoaI~mZr, nX 153)

dmë‘r{H$ nyN>Vo h¢ dU©ì¶dñWm Am¡a Om{V oXH$mo boH$a H$~ra Zo Omo gdmb I‹S>o {H$¶o, CgH$mà^md g‘mO ‘| {H$g én ‘| n‹S>m? {’$a IwX hr


Odm~ XoVo h¢-""{hÝXr Ho$ à{VpîR>V aMZmH$ma àVmnZmam¶U

{‘l CÝh| ZrM bmoJm| H$m H${d H$hVo h¢& ¶mZr gm{hË¶‘§o ‘m¡OyX Om{VdmXr ‘mZ{gH$Vm H$~ra O¡go H${d H$moOmVr¶ Koao go ~mha Zht AmZo XoVr h¡& ¶hr pñW{Va¡Xmg Ho$ gmW ^r h¡&'' (dhr, n¥îR> 60-61)

dmë‘r{H$ ¶hm± ³¶m H$hZm MmhVo h¢, ¶h ñnîQ>Zht h¡& na, CZHo$ {bE ¶hm± H$~ra go Á¶mXm ‘hÎdnyU©àVmnZmam¶U {‘Ì hmo J¶o h¢, Omo ~«m÷UdmX Ho$ {Ibm’$OmJaU H$aZo dmbo H${d H$mo ZrM H$hH$a Jmbr Xo ahoh¢& do g‘P hr Zht aho Wo {H$ ¶hr Vmo H$~ra Ho$H${dVm-g§Kf© H$s g’$bVm h¡& ³¶m S>m°. Aå~oS>H$aH$mo {hÝXþAm| H$s Jm{b¶m± Zht {‘br Wt? ³¶m Jm§YrZo CÝh| gm±n Zht H$hm Wm? ¶hr Vmo CZHo$ g§Kf© H$sg’$bVm Wr& ¶{X do ~«m÷UdmX Am¡a {hÝXÿY‘© H$sAmbmoMZm Zht H$aVo, Vmo ³¶m CÝh| Jm{b¶m± {‘bVr?³¶m§o Jm§Yr Or Aå~oS>H$a H$mo gm±n H$hVo?

AmJo Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ a¡Xmg Ho$ ¶o Xmo nXCÕ[aV H$aVo h¢-

a¡Xmg OZ‘ Ho$ H$maZo hmoB Z H$moB© ZrM&Za H$mo ZrM H$[a S>m[a h¡, AmoN>o H$a‘ H$s H$sM&&D±$Mo Hw$b Ho$ H$maU¡, ~«m÷U H$mo¶ Z hmo¶&OoC OmpÝh ~«÷ AmË‘m, a¡Xmg H${h ~«m÷U hmo¶&&

BZ nXm| na dmë‘r{H$ {Q>ßnUr H$aVo h¢- "¶mZra¡Xmg ^r ~«÷ Ho$ OmZH$ma H$mo hr ~«m÷U ‘mZ aho h¢&¶mZr Ky‘-{’$a H$a Cgr Xe©Z H$mo ghr ‘mZ aho h¢,{OgHo$ AmYma na dU©ì¶dñWm O¡gr A‘mZdr¶ gmoMV¡¶ma H$s J¶r h¡& CZH$m {damoY ^r CÝh| ñd¶§ H$mo"Om{V-‘w³V' H$aZo ‘§o Ag’$b ahm&' (dhr, n¥îR>61)

Ohm± VH$ Om{V go ‘w³V hmoZo H$m àíZ h¡, ^maV‘| H$moB© ^r Om{V go ‘w³V Zht h¡& AmX‘r Ohm°§ ^rOmVm h¡, Om{V CgHo$ gmW OmVr h¡& ³¶m dmë‘r{H$Or Om{V go ‘w³V hmo gHo$ Wo? a¡Xmg Ho$ Cn¶w©³V nX

~«m÷U H$s OÝ‘OmV loîR>Vm Ho$ IÊS>Z ‘| H$ho J¶o h¢,dU©ì¶dñWm Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| Zht, O¡gm{H$ dmë‘r{H$Amamo{nV H$aVo h¢& a¡Xmg AnZo nXm| ‘| ¶hr H$h aho h¢{H$ eyÐËd Am¡a ~«m÷UËd OÝ‘ go Zht hmoVm& dmë‘r{H$Or H$mo ‘mby‘ hmoZm Mm{hE Wm {H$ H$~ra-a¡Xmg H$sBgr d¡Mm[aH$s go g‘H$mbrZ ~«m÷U {Vb{‘bm J¶oWo, {OgH$s Jy±O gmobhdt gXr ‘| VwbgrXmg VH${XIm¶r XoVr h¡& ¶Wm-~mX{h gyÐ {ÛOÝh gZ, h‘ VwåhVo H$Nw> Km{Q>&OmZB ~«÷ gmo {dàda, Am±{I XoImdqh S>m±{Q>&&

(‘mZg, CÎma H$mÊS>-157)Bg Xmoho ‘| ~«m÷UdmX H$m IÊS>Z H$aZo dmbo

{ZJw©U gÝVm| Ho$ {déÕ VwbgrXmg H$m H«$m§Y gm’$-gm’$ XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& bo{H$Z dmë‘r{H$ Or {H$gr^r Vah {ZJw©U gÝVm| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma ZhtWo& do nwZ… CÝh| Im[aO H$aVo hþE {bIVo h¢-

""¶hm± Bg CnbpãY H$mo ^r AZXoIm Zht {H$¶mOm gH$Vm Wm {H$ {gIm| Ho$ Jwé J«ÝW gm{h~ ‘| a¡XmgH$s H${dVmAm| H$mo g‘mZ ñWmZ {‘bm& BgHo$ ~mdOyX^r do {OVZo nyOZr¶ Am¡a ‘mÝ¶ AnZr Om{V ‘| h¢,CVZo AÝ¶ Om{V¶m| ‘| Zht h¢& Omo {dÐmohr én Om{V-ì¶dñWm Ho$ {déÕ gÝV gm{hË¶ ‘| CâZm Mm{hEWm, dh Zht Câ gH$m&'' (dhr, n¥îR> 61)

AJa a¡Xmg AnZr Om{V ‘| ‘mÝ¶ h¢, AÝ¶ Om{V¶m|‘| Zht h¢, Vmo ³¶m BgHo$ {bE a¡Xmg Xmofr h¢ ¶m BgXoe H$s Om{V-ì¶dñWm Xmofr h¡? BVZr grYr-gr~mV r Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ Zht g‘P gHo$& Om{Vì¶dñWm Ho$ {déÕ H$m¡Z-gr {dÐmohr én gÝV gm{hË¶‘| Zht Câm, ¶h r CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> Zht {H$¶m& nÝÐhdtgXr ‘| gÝV gm{hË¶ ‘| Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ {Ibm’$³¶m Bggo ~‹S>m H$moB© {dÐmohr én hmo gH$Vm Wm, Omoh‘| H$~ra Am¡a a¡Xmg Ho$ ¶hm± {‘bVm h¡? Am{Iadmë‘r{H$ Ho$ nmg {dÐmoh H$m ³¶m ‘mZXÊS> Wm?dmë‘r{H$ Zo Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {H$Ýhr S>m°. Ama.Or.qgh


Ho$ BZ eãXm| H$mo CÕ[aV {H$¶m h¡-""^p³V S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a Ho$ AZwgma bmoJm| ‘|

g‘n©U H$s ^mdZm H$mo ~‹T>mVr h¡& ¶h g‘mO Ho$ {bEA’$s‘ H$m H$m‘ H$aVr h¡& ^p³V Zo X{bVm| H$s Zgm|H$mo H$‘Omoa {H$¶m h¡& CZ‘| AYrZVm H$s ^mdZm H$mo{dH${gV {H$¶m h¡&'' (dhr)

AÀN>m hmoVm, ¶{X dmë‘r{H$ S>m°. Ama.Or.qghHo$ òmoV H$mo S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a H$s ‘yb aMZmAm| ‘|Vbme H$a boVo, Vmo CÝh| CgH$m ghr gÝX © {‘bOmVm& S>m°. Ama.Or. qgh H$s {Og nwñVH$ H$m hdmbmdmë‘r{H$ Zo {X¶m h¡, CgH$s n¥îR> g§»¶m H$m CëboI^r CÝhm|Zo Zht {H$¶m h¡& gå^dV… dh nwñVH$ ^rCZHo$ nmg Z hmo Am¡a AÝ¶Ì hr CgH$m gÝX © CÝhm|Zon‹T>m hmo& Ama.Or.qgh H$s gÝX{ ©V nwñVH$ H$m Zm‘"^maVr¶ X{bVm| H$s g‘ñ¶mE± Am¡a CZH$m g‘mYmZ'h¡, {OgH$m àH$meZ 1986 ‘| ‘Ü¶ àXoe {hÝXr J«ÝWAH$mX‘r, ^monmb go hþAm Wm& dmë‘r{H$ Zo {OZn§p³V¶m| H$mo CÕm[aV {H$¶m h¡, do Ama.Or.qgh H$s{H$Vm~ ‘| S>m°. YZ§O¶ H$sa Ho$ hdmbo go {bIr J¶rh¢& S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a Zo ~«m÷U gÝVm| Ho$ gÝX © ‘| AnZo{dMma ì¶³V {H$¶o Wo, Omo CZHo$ J«ÝW "Om{V H$m{dZme' ‘| {‘bVo h¢& Bgo S>m°. H$sa Zo r ñnîQ> {H$¶mh¡& na Ama.Or. qgh Zo X{bV gÝVm| Am¡a ~«m÷UgÝVm| H$mo AbJ-AbJ aoIm§{H$V H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶XmoZm| H$mo EH$ hr loUr ‘| aI {X¶m h¡ Am¡a Bgr AW©H$mo dmë‘r{H$ Zo ^r ‘mZ {b¶m& gƒmB© ¶h h¡ {H$S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a Zo ~«m÷U gÝVm| Ho$ gÝX © ‘| ^p³VH$m {damoY {H$¶m h¡& na, dmë‘r{H$ S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a Ho$hdmbo go ^r gÝVm| H$m {damoY H$aZo H$m Adga ZhtN>mo‹S>Vo h¢& do S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a H$s ¶o n§p³V¶m± CÕ[aVH$aVo h¢-

""Ohm± VH$ gÝVm| H$m àíZ h¡, {H$gr ^r gÝV ZoOm{V-ì¶dñWm na H$^r r h‘bm Zht {H$¶m& BgHo${dnarV do OmV-nm±V H$s ì¶dñWm Ho$ n³Ho$ {dídmgr

aho h¢& CÝhm|Zo ¶h {ejm Zht Xr {H$ gmao ‘mZd~am~a h¢, naÝVw ¶h {ejm Xr {H$ B©ída H$s ÑpîQ> ‘|gmao ‘mZd g‘mZ h¢&'' (n¥îR> 62)

¶o n§p³V¶m± dmë‘r{H$ Zo S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a H$s nwñVH$‘| "Om{V H$m {dZme' (Eo{Z{hboeZ Am°’$ H$mñQ>) goCÕ[aV H$s h¢, na gÝX © go AbJ H$aHo$ CÕ[aV H$sJ¶r h¢& AJa do CZHo$ nyao CÕaU H$mo boVo Vmo gm’$ hmoOmVm {H$ CZHo$ ¶o {dMma ~«m÷U-d¡îUd gÝVm| Ho$~mao ‘| h¢& Aå~oS>H$a Zo ¶o {dMma Jm±Yr Or Ho$ EH$gdmb Ho$ Odm~ ‘| ì¶³V {H$¶o Wo& nmR>H$m§o H$sOmZH$mar Ho$ {bE ¶hm± dh nyam CÕaU {X¶m Om ahmh¡-

""Ohm± VH$ gÝVm| H$m àíZ h¡ Vmo ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm{H$ {dÛmZ bmoJm| H$s VwbZm ‘| gÝVm| Ho$ CnXoe {H$VZohr AbJ Am¡a Cƒ hm|, do emoMZr¶ én go {Zîà^mdraho h¢& do {Zîà^mdr Xmo H$maUm| go aho h¢& nhbm,{H$gr r gÝV Zo Om{V-ì¶dñWm na H$^r r h‘bmZht {H$¶m& BgHo$ {dnarV do OmV-nm±V H$s ì¶dñWmHo$ n³Ho$ {dídmgr aho h¢& CZ‘| go A{YH$Va CgrOm{V Ho$ hmoH$a {O¶o Am¡a ‘ao, {Og Om{V Ho$ do W|kmZXod ~«m÷U Ho$ én ‘| AnZr à{VîR>m go BVZoCËH$Q> én go Ow‹S>o Wo {H$ O~ ~«m÷U Zo CÝh| g‘mO ‘|~Zo ahZo go BZH$ma H$a {X¶m, Vmo CÝhm|Zo ~«m÷U nXH$s ‘mÝ¶Vm nmZo Ho$ {bE O‘rZ-Amg‘mZ EH$ H$a{X¶m Wm& gÝV EH$ZmW, Omo ANy>Vm| H$mo Ny>Zo VWmCZHo$ gmW ^moOZ H$aZo H$m gmhg {XImZo Ho$ {bEY‘m©Ë‘m ~Zo hþE h¢, CÝhm|Zo Eogm Bg{bE Zht {H$¶m,³¶m§o{H$ do Om{V-nm±{V Am¡a Nw>AmNy>V Ho$ {déÕ Wo,~pëH$ CÝhm|Zo Eogm Bg{bE {H$¶m, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$s‘mÝ¶Vm Wr {H$ An{dÌVm H$mo n{dÌ J§Jm ZXr(A§Ë¶mOmMm {dQ>mb Á¶mgr, J§Jm ñZmZo ewÕËd Ë¶mgr)‘| ñZmZ H$aHo$ Ymo¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Ohm°§ VH$ ‘oamAÜ¶¶Z h¡, {H$gr ^r gÝV Zo Om{V-nm±{V Am¡aNy>AmNy>V Ho$ {déÕ H$moB© A{^¶mZ Zht Mbm¶m& ‘Zwî¶m|


Ho$ ~rM Mb aho g§Kîm© go do {MpÝVV Zht Wo& do‘Zwî¶ Am¡a B©ída Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY Ho$ {bE hr {MpÝVVWo& CÝhm|Zo ¶h {ejm Zht Xr {H$ gmao ‘Zwî¶ ~am~ah¢& ¶h EH$ ~hþV AbJ Am¡a ~hþV Ahm{ZH$a àñVmdh¡, {OgH$s {ejm XoZo ‘| {H$gr H$mo H$moB© naoemZr ZhthmoJr ¶m {OgHo$ ‘mZZo ‘| H$moB© IVam Zht h¡& XÿgamH$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ gÝVm| H$s {ejm à^mdhrZ ahr h¡,³¶m|{H$ bmoJm| H$mo n‹T>m¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ gÝV Om{V H$m~ÝYZ Vmo‹S> gH$Vo h¢, bo{H$Z AmX‘r ¶h ~ÝYZ ZhtVmo‹S> gH$Vm& Bg{bE gÝV AZwgaU H$aZo H$m CXmhaUZht ~Zo&'' (S>m°. Aå~oS>H$a gånyU© dmL²>‘¶, IÊS>1, n¥îR> 113)

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H$moîR>H$ ‘| BZ Xmohm| H$m AW© dmë‘r{H$ Zo ¶h{X¶m h¡- ""~«m÷U hr ³¶m| hmW ‘| Hw$e, Ob boH$ahdZ H$aVo h¢? ¶{X AmJ ‘| Kr S>mb XoZo go ‘moj{‘bVm h¡, Vmo ³¶m| Zht g~ AÝË¶Om| H$mo AmJ ‘| KrS>mbH$a ¶k Am¡a hdZ H$aZo XoVo&'' (dhr)

¶hm± ‘wPo dmë‘r{H$ Or H$s ZH$b H$aZo H$sàd¥{Îm na Vag AmVm h¡& CÝhm|Zo gahXnmX Ho$ XmohoAm¡a CZHo$ Am¡a CZHo$ AW© Ohm± go ^r ZH$b {H$¶oh¢, do nyar Vah AewÕ h¢& ‘mZm {H$ ‘yb Xmoho An «§e‘| h¢, na Bg AewÕ AZwdmX ‘| ^r Vmo ¶h Vmo gm’${XIm¶r Xo hr ahm h¡ {H$ "‘moj' Am¡a "AÝ¶O' eãXCZ‘| Am¶o hr Zht h¢& AW© H$mo ZH$b H$aVo g‘¶ Bg~mV H$mo CÝh| g‘PmZm Mm{hE Wm& gahXnmX Ho$Cn¶w©³V Xmohm| H$m AewÕ An «§e H$m nmR> Bg Vahh¡-~«÷Uo{h ‘ OmZÝV{h ^C& EdB E{T>AC E MCdoC&&‘Q²>{Q> nm{U Hw$g bB© n‹T>ÝV& Yaqh AJ«{J hþUÝV§&&

BZ Xmohm| H$m ghr AZwdmX Bg àH$ma h¡, Omoamhþb gm§H¥$Ë¶m¶Z Zo N>m¶mZwdmX Ho$ én ‘| {H$¶m h¡-~«m÷U Z OmZVo oX& ¶m| hr n‹T>o ¶o Mmam| doX&&‘Å>r nmZr Hw$e boB© n‹T>ÝV& Ka hr ~¡R>r Ap½Z hmo‘ÝV&&

(Xmohm H$moe, n¥îR> 2)Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r{H$ gahXnmX Ûmam ~«m÷UdmXr

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-‘wÐmamjg (CX²Y¥V- Y‘©J«§Wm| H$m nwZa²nmR>)

Itihas sandesh-34 - bamcef.info 2 issu 67 11.4.2016.pdf · B{Vhmg g§Xoe 3 df© 2, A§H$ 6-7-...

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Transcript of Itihas sandesh-34 - bamcef.info 2 issu 67 11.4.2016.pdf · B{Vhmg g§Xoe 3 df© 2, A§H$ 6-7-...