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Bims bgh E`jldtivls ea tkl Lstb`ciskmlgt ea Vboistbg- Bs ^lcabrl Ttbtl

Pldbp ea tkl 0ghcldturl:

^kbt is btiegbcism!

Lvecutieg ea "#e btieg "kler$

%iaalrlgdl `lt#llg &ighus bgh 'uscims

&ighu btiegbcism

"klir #bs bg ug`rih(lb`cl (uca `lt#llg tkl &ighus bgh tkl

'uscims tkl t#e demmugitils #lrl histigdt arem lbdk etklr

ihlece(idbcc$) ducturbcc$) pecitidbcc$) sedibcc$ bghldegemidbcc$*

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^kbt is tkl degdlpt ea wlcabrl stbtl5

%laigitiegs:

B #lcabrl stbtl is b s$stlm ea (evlrgmlgt rug

er(bgi+btiegs tkbt klcps lvlr$egl te kbvl b (eeh

,ubcit$ ea cial*

B #lcabrl stbtl is b (evlrgmlgt tkbt previhls aer tklpresplrit$ er tkl #lcc`lig( ea tkl diti+lgs dempcltlc$*

t is b stbtl ig #kidk tkl (evlrgmlgt bssumls

rlspegsi`icit$ aer migimum stbghbrhs ea civig( aerlvlr$ diti+lg*

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degt.

"kl tlrm #lcabrl stbtl) usubcc$ rlalrs te bg ihlbc

mehlc ea previsieg) #klrl tkl stbtl bddlptsrlspegsi`icit$ aer tkl abdicit$ ea demprlklgsivl bgh

ugivlrsbc #lcabrl aer its diti+lgs*

B #lcabrl stbtl is b (evlrgmlgt tkbt igvecvlh igditi+lgs. civls bt lvlr$ clvlc* t previhls aer pk$sidbc)

mbtlribc) bgh sedibc gllhs rbtklr tkbg tkl plepcl

previhig( aer tklir e#g*

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Kistery ea tkl degdlpt ea ^lcabrl Ttbtl

Ttbrtlh arem tkl /irst scbmid Ttbtl ea 'lhigb ig 600 B*%*

"kl degdlpt ea #lcabrl bgh suppert te tkl gllh$ #bsigtrehudlh ig lbrc$ scbmid cb# bs aerms ea 2bobt

dkbrit$4) egl ea tkl aivl Viccbrs ea scbm*

8egtigulh) hlvlceplh bgh merl rlaiglh hurig( Vieus

8bcipkbtl ig tkl

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degt.

Bdderhig( te abmeus sdkecbr Bc-;kb+bci 9?

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Plsecutieg ea ^lcabrl Ttbtl

"kl rlsecutieg ea tkl #lcabrl stbtl is te (lglrbtl

ldegemid bgh sedibc l,ubcit$* "e bssurl rlbsegb`cl stbghbrhs ea civig( aer bcc)

bddlss te justidl) arllhem ea abitk) arllhem ea splldk

bgh trbgspbrlgd$ ig hldisiegs ea l1ldutivl* "kl #lcabrl stbtl is rlspegsi`cl te previhls lhudbtieg)

keusig() rbtiegs) klbctkdbrl) plgsiegs) uglmpce$mlgt

igsurbgdl) sido clbvl er timl eaa hul te igjur$) klbctkabdicitils ) bgh l,ubc eppertugitils aer lmpce$mlgt*

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degt*

t is bcse hlcivlrs pu`cid trbgspertbtieg) dkichdbrl)

sedibc #lcc`lig( sudk bs pu`cid pbros bgh ci`rbrils)

bs #lcc bs mbg$ etklr slrvidls*

Bg ihlbc #lcabrl stbtl is rlspegsi`cl aer kumbg

ri(kts sudk bs ri(kts ea geg 'uscims) ri(kts ea

#emlg) ri(kts ea l,ubc eppertugitils aer lbrgig(

bgh #ero) ri(kts ea l1prlssieg bgh splldk ltd

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3ubih l B+bm bgh tkl degdlpt ea #lcabrl

stbtl

t is get eur purpesl te mbol tkl ridk ridklr bgh tebddlclrbtl tkl predlss ea bddumucbtieg ig tkl kbghs ea

al# ighivihubcs* ^l skeuch bim bt clvlcig( up tkl

(lglrbc stbghbrh ea civig( bmeg(st tkl mbssls) eur

ihlbc skeuch get `l dbpitbcistid `ut scbmid bgh tkl

igtlrlsts bgh #lcabrl ea tkl plepcl bs b #kecl skeuch

`l olpt degstbgtc$ ig migh*=

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degt* 3ubih-l-B+bm 'ukbmmbh Bci >iggbk #bgtlh

Vboistbg te `l b #lcabrl stbtl #klrl tklrl #bsjustidl) l,ubcit$ bgh abir pcb$*

g kis >uc$ 9) 975< Ttbtl Fbgo Bhhrlss kl slt b dclbr

hirldtieg eg tkl auturl ldegem$ ea Vboistbg* &l sbihtkbt #l must lvecvl `bgoig( prbdtidls dempbti`cl

#itk scbmid ihlbs ea sedibc bgh ldegemid cial*=

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8egt*

3ubih-l-B+bm #bgtlh Vboistbg te `l b #lcabrl

stbtl* Eg 'brdk 90)9757) tkl 8egstitulgt Bsslm`c$ea Vboistbg bheptlh E`jldtivl Plsecutieg) #kidk

degtbiglh prigdipcls aer arbmig( ea tkl 8egstitutieg

`bslh eg scbmid prigdipcls igdcuhig( #lcabrl stbtl* Vboistbg skeuch get `cighc$ aecce# ^lstlrg

ldegemid tkler$ bgh prbdtidl bgh skeuch hlvlcep its

e#g ldegemid s$stlm `bslh eg trul scbmid degdlptea l,ubcit$ ea mbgkeeh bgh sedibc justidl*=

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Degt. Eutcigig( tkl purpesl ea tkl drlbtieg ea Vboistbg tkl

3ubih sbih ig b splldk te tkl eaaidlrs ea tkl %lalgslTlrvidls eg 99tk Edte`lr 975@) tkbt:

"kl lstb`ciskmlgt ea Vboistbg #bs egc$ b mlbgs te bg lgh

bgh get bg lgh ig itslca* "kl ihlb #bs tkbt #l skeuch kbvl b

stbtl ig #kidk #l deuch civl bgh `rlbtkl bs arll mlg bgh

#kidk #l deuch hlvlcep bdderhig( te eur e#g ci(kts bgh

ducturl bgh #klrl prigdipbcs ea scbmid sedibc justidl deuch

aigh arll pcb$.

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8egt*

%isdussig( tkl bims bgh e`jldts ea drlbtieg ea

Vboistbg) ig b mlssb(l te tkl /regtilr 'uscimTtuhlgts /lhlrbtieg hbtlh >ugl 975?) tkl 3ubih

hldcbrlh:

Vboistbg get egc$ mlbgs arllhem bgh ighlplghlgdl`ut tkl 'uscim ihlece($ #kidk kbs te `l prlslrvlh

#kidk kbs deml te us bs prldieus (iat trlbsurl bgh

#kidk #l kepl etklrs #icc skbrl #itk us*=

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8egt*

g kis prlsihlgtibc bhhrlss bt tkl Tpldibc Vboistbg

slssieg ea tkl Vugjb` 'uscim Ttuhlgts /lhlrbtieg eg0gh 'brdk 9759) tkl 3ubih sbih:

^l brl b gbtieg* Bgh b gbtieg must kbvl b tlrriter$* ^kbt

is tkl usl ea mlrlc$ sb$ig( tkbt #l brl b gbtieg! btieghels get civl ig tkl bir* t civls eg tkl cbgh) it must (evlrg

cbgh) bgh it must kbvl tlrriteribc stbtl bgh tkbt is #kbt $eu

#bgt te (lt*=

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Degt. %isdussig( tkl pkicesepkidbc hiaalrlgdl `lt#llg scbm bgh

&ighustbg tkl 3ubih-i-B+bm hldcbrlh bt tkl Bcc ghib'uscim Dlb(ul Dbkerl Tlssieg eg 0Hrh 'brdk) 975:

t is l1trlmlc$ hiaaiduct te bpprldibtl #k$ eur &ighu arilghs

abic te ughlrstbgh tkl rlbc gbturl ea scbm bgh &ighuism* "kl$

brl get rlci(iegs ig tkl stridt slgsl ea tkl #erh) `ut brl) ig abdt)hiaalrlgt bgh histigdt sedibc erhlrs) bgh it is b hrlbm tkbt tkl

&ighus bgh 'uscims dbg lvlr lvecvl b demmeg gbtiegbcit$)

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8egt*

bgh tkis misdegdlptieg ea egl ghibg gbtieg kbs

(egl abr `l$egh tkl cimits bgh is tkl dbusl ea mestea $eur treu`cls bgh #icc clbh ghib te hlstrudtieg ia

#l abic te rlvisl eur getiegs ig timl* "kl &ighus bgh

'uscims `lceg( te t#e hiaalrlgt rlci(ieuspkicesepkils) sedibc dustems) bgh citlrbturls*

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8egt*

"kl 3ubih aurtklr l1pcbiglh:

"kl$ glitklr igtlrmbrr$ ger igtlrcigl te(ltklr bgh)ighllh tkl$ `lceg( te t#e hiaalrlgt divici+btiegs #kidk brl

`bslh mbigc$ eg degacidtig( ihlbs bgh degdlptiegs* "klir

degdlpts eg cial bgh ea cial brl hiaalrlgt* t is ,uitl dclbrtkl &ighus bgh 'ussbcmbgs hlrivl tklir igspirbtieg arem

hiaalrlgt seurdls ea kister$*=

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8egt*

"kl$ kbvl hiaalrlgt lpids) hiaalrlgt klrels) bgh hiaalrlgt

lpisehls* lr$ eatlg tkl klre ea egl is ael ea tkl etklrbgh) ciol#isl) tklir vidterils bgh hlalbts evlrcbp* "e

$eol te(ltklr t#e sudk gbtiegs ughlr b sig(cl stbtl) egl

bs b gumlridbc migerit$ bgh tkl etklr bs b mbjerit$)must clbh te (re#ig( hisdegtlgt bgh aigbc hlstrudtieg ea

bg$ ab`rid tkbt mb$ `l `uict up aer tkl (evlrgmlgt ea

sudk b stbtl*

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8egt*

galdt tkl 3ubih.s degdlpt ea Vboistbg #bs tkbt it #euch `l

bg scbmid ^lcabrl Ttbtl #klrl ge egl #euch `l l1pceitlh*Bcse ig tkl scbmid ^lcabrl Ttbtl it is tkl hut$ ea tkl stbtl te

sll tkbt tklrl is ge egl #itkeut aeeh bgh dcetkls bgh lvlr$

ighivihubc is bt clbst previhlh #itk `bsid gldlssitils ea cial*

e# ceeo bt tkis cist ea scbmid stbtl.s #lcabrlrlspegsi`icitils

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s bm d s b l s wl brlPlspegsi`icitils

/eeh) &lbctk) Tklctlr A Tldurit$ :

Bs plr tkl 3urNbgid tlbdkig(s tkl scbmid stbtl skeuch

(ubrbgtll l,ubc ri(kts bgh previsieg ea `bsid

gldlssitils te bcc ltkgid) rl(iegbc) ducturbc) tri`bc bgh

rlci(ieus (reups*

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Degt.

Lhudbtieg:

"kl Vrepklt 'ukbmmbh plbdl `l upeg kim4 sbih:

Egl #ke trlbhs b pbtk ig slbrdk ea oge#clh(l kbs

kis pbtk te Vbrbhisl mbhl lbs$ `$ ;ehK= I

rla* Pi$bhk-us-Tbclkllg)05?4

Te Vrevisieg ea lhudbtieg is tkl rlspegsi`icit$ ea

scbmid stbtl

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8egt* ;lghlr L,ubcit$

/rllhem ea "keu(kt A L1prlssieg Vretldtieg ea Plci(ieus Tlgtimlgts

L,ubcit$ Flaerl Db#:

"kl Vrepklt sb$s tkbt) tkl cial bgh `ceeh ea 'uscims brll,ubcc$ prldieus*

rla* B`u %b#uhJ `g 'bjjbk4*

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Degt. Pi(kts ea eg 'uscims:

scbm kbs bcse cbih he#g ri(kts aer geg-'uscims #kemb$ `l civig( #itkig tkl `eughbrils ea bg scbmid stbtl*

Te tkl &ec$ 3ur.bg kbs rlalrrlh te tkl `bsid kumbg

gllhs ig tklsl #erhs : "klrl is tklrlig lgeu(kprevisieg4 aer tkll get te (e kug(r$ ger te (e gbolhJ

ger te suaalr arem tkirst) ger arem tkl sug.s klbt=rla* Bc- 3urbg 0 : 99

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Degt.

"kl Pi(kt te Fbsid ldlssitils ea Dial:

"kl (evlrgmlgt is tkl (ubrhibg ea bg$egl #ke kbs ge etklr(ubrhibg* -B`u %buh) "irmi+i4

"kl b`evl mlgtieglh sb$ig( ea Vrepklt 'ukbmmbh

VFO&4 lstb`cisk `l$egh bg$ heu`t tkbt tkl rlspegsi`icit$

ea previhig( `bsid gllhs te its diti+lgs cils eg tkl scbmid

stbtl* g tkis mbttlr) scbm kbs mbhl ge histigdtieg `lt#llg

tkl 'uscims bgh geg-'uscims

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8egt*

8urrlgtc$ Vboistbg hels get rlslm`cl #itk tkl ihlbc

scbmid ^lcabrl Ttbtl #kidk tkl 3ubih kbh lgvisieglhbgh #euch kbvl trilh te l1lrdisl kbh kl civlh ceg(lr*

Fl rlspegsi`cl) ge# its eur hut$ te hlvlcep Vboistbg

bs #lcabrl stbtl*

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rldbp ea tkl cldturl

^kbt is tkl degdlpt ea #lcabrl stbtl &ister$ ea

^lcabrl Ttbtl !

&ister$ ea tkl degdlpt ea ^lcabrl Ttbtl

Plsecutieg ea tkl ^lcabrl Ttbtl

3ubih l B+bm bgh tkl degdlpt ea #lcabrl stbtl

scbmid stbtl.s #lcabrl rlspegsi`icitils

8egdcusieg

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8egdcusieg

B %utdk prevlr` sb$s:

'egl$ is cest getkig( is cestJ

8eurb(l is cest mudk is cestJ

&egeur is cest mest is cestJ

Teuc is cest bcc is cest*=

"kbgo $eu