Global Environmental Facility (GEF) - World...

Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

ECUADOR

Conservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza GEF Medium-Sized Project

PROJECT BRIEF

October 30, 2002

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Ecuador: Conservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROJECT SUMMARY ................................................................. 3RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................. 11CURRENT SITUATION ................................................................ 13EXPECTED PROJECT OUTCOMES ............................... ................................. 15ACTIVITIES AND FINANCIAL INPUTS NEEDED TO ENABLE CHANGES ......... 16SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT .................. ....................... 22STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ........................ 23INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS ................................................................ 24BUDGET ................................................................. 27PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN ................................................................ 28FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 31PROCUREMENT ................................................................. 31DISBURSEMENT & AUDITING ARRANGEMENTS .............................. ...................... 31PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 31MONITORING & EVALUATION PLAN ................................................................. 33ANNEX 1: Terms of Reference for Social Assessment .................................. .................... 34ANNEX 2: Principles and Guidance for Natural Resources Management by IndigenousConmmunities of Pastaza ................................................................ 36ANNEX 3: Environmental Analysis ................................................................. 40ATTACHMENT 1. Additional Information oii the MSP Project Proposer .......... ............ 42ATTACHMENT 2. Procurement Under the Project .......................................................... 50ATTACHMENT 3. Progress Reports, Disbursements, Audit & Special account underthe Project ................................................................. 54

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN PASTAZAProiect SummaryPROJIECT IDENTIFIERS1. Project Name: 2. GEF Implementing AgencyConservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza World Bank3. Countrv or countries in which the project is 4. Country eligibility:being implemented: Ecuador Ecuador ratified the Convention on Biological

Diversity on February 23, 1993.5. GEF Focal Area(s) and /or cross-cutting issues: 6. Operational l'rogram/short term measure:Biodiversity Operational Program No. 3: Forest Ecosystems7. Project linkage to national priorities, action plans and programs:

The project is consistent with several policies outlined in the National Strategy for Sustainable Developmentdirectly related to the Amazon Region, being the most relevant: (i) support land use planning, consideringfragile ecosystems and their effect on local economies and their global importance; (ii) promote thedevelopment of participatory plan for the sustainable use of natural resources; (iii) design and developinnovative programs to harmonize indigenous peoples traditional practices with management of protectedareas; (iv) support and invest in programs addressed to promote community participation in sustainableforest management.

The project is also consistent with the following legal instruments:

The National Environmental Law approved oni July, 1999, establishes that policies and strategies designedfor the sustainable development and the conservation of natural resources will become a key component ofnational development objectives and goals. It also defines clear mechanisms for the open participation ofcivil society on environmental issues, including the conservation of natural areas.

The Law for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity currently under discussion by focal groups provides theframework and relevant safeguards for the conservation of biodiversity under sustainable developmentprinciples. The main purpose of this Law is to prevent the loss and fragmentation of important ecosystemsmainly caused by: i) destruction of native forests; ii) illegal hunting and commercialization of endangeredspecies; iii) uncontrolled expansion of urban and industrial areas; iv) accelerated expansion of unsustainableagricultural practices; v) land degradation; and vi) introduction of alien/invasive species.

The Forestry Law, under discussion at the Congress, is based on the following basic principles: i) themaintenance of ecological processes that sustain life; ii) the sustainable use of native forest to satisfy theneeds of existing and future generations; iii) the open participation of the civil society on decision-makingrelated to policies and strategies to conserve natural forests.

8. GEF national operational focal point and the date of country endorsement:Ministry of Tourism and EnvironmentApproval: March 3, 2000PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND ACTIVITIES9. Project Rationale and Objectives: Indicators:Goal: To contribute to an overall ecological balance a) Improved management of biological diversityand preserve biological diversity through contained in the fragile ecosystems of Pastaza'sconservation practices and the sustainable use of Amazon forests.Amazon forest natural resources.

Objective: To conserve and carry out in situ b) Participatory indigenous management strategiesmanagement of the ecosystems and biodiversity of for the sustainable use of endangered biodiversity, atSoutheastern Amazon forests in selected indigenous the communities of Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun andcommunities of Pastaza. Shiona (250.000 ha.).

Ecuador: Conservation of Biodiversitv in Pastaza

10. Project Outcomes: Indicators:Outcome 1: Design of communal management plans Three management plans (one per community) andand design and implementation of pilot projects for pilot projects for the management of selected speciesthe sustainable use of biodiversity for three of flora and fauna for the communities of Yanaindigenous communities (250.000 ha.). Yacu, Nina Amarun and Shiona, prepared throughout

20 months of project implementation.

Outcome 2: Establishment of a socio-environmental Planning processes and decision-making for theInformation Center for the indigenous territories of sustainable use of biodiversity will be strongly basedPastaza. on the geographical, biological and socioeconomic

information provided by the Information Center.

Outcome 3: Training program on planning, Members from 10 communities duly trained inenvironmental administration and sustainable use of environmental administration and natural resourcenatural resources. management.11. Project activities to achieve outcomes Indicators:

(including the cost in US $ of each activitv):The project activities will be organized in two phases.The first phase would entail the preparation ofmanagement plans for three selected communities(Component 1).

The second phase would implement specific aspectsof the management plans of the three selectedcommunities: biodiversity management pilot projects(Component 1), information center (Component 2),and training (Component 3).

Component 1. Communal environmentalmanagement plans and pilot projects. US $586.480.

Physical and geographical surveys * General Base Map. Area covering all indigenousterritories of Pastaza. (two million hectares).Scale: 1:250.000. Content: Associationboundaries, rivers, lakes, human settlements,main and secondary roads, contour lines,elevations (geographic features); names andareas of Associations and lakes, names andlength of rivers, names of settlements; values ofcontour lines and elevations (alphanumeric codesassigned), to be prepared in I month.

Vegetation cover map covering all indigenousterritories of Pastaza. (two million hectares).Scale: 1:250.000. Content: Primary andsecondary forests, grassland, wetland and muruipalm (Mauritia flexuosa) areas, to be prepared in1 month.


* 1 Base Map of survey area: Territories of 3communities: Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun andShiona. Surface: 250,000 hectares. Scale:1:50.000. Content: Community boundaries,rivers, lakes, human settlements, main roads,contour lines, elevations (geographic features);names and areas of Communities and lakes,names and length of rivers, names of settlements;values of contour lines and elevations(alphanumeric codes assigned), to be prepared in1 month.

* I map of current soil uses in survey area:Territories of 3 communities. Scale: 1:50.000.Content: Primary and secondary forests,grassland, wetland and muriti palm (Mauritiaflexuosa) areas, to be prepared in I month.

* Digital Land Model. Area: Territories of 3communities. Scale: 1:50.000. Content:Elevations, 3D display, slopes, to be prepared in15 days.

Biological studies* I Ecosystem Map: Area: Territories of 3

communities. Scale: 1:25.000. Content: Surfacearea of different identified ecosystems, to beprepared in 15 days.

* Flora and fauna inventories in 3 communities:between 2 and 4 representative ecosystems percommunity, to be prepared within 11 months ofproject implementation.

Socioeconomic and cultural studies * Participatory socioeconomic studies in 3communities on: access to, use of and controlover resources in the ecosystems, includingtraditional practices, to be performed within 11months of proj ect implementation.

Management plans * Management plans for the territories of thesecommunities: Yana Yacu, 120 thousand has.;Nina Amarun 80 thousand has., Yana Cucha 50thousand has, to be prepared in 6 months.

Biodiversity management pilot projects * 3 Pilot management projects, I per community,of selected species of flora and fauna.

Participatory process for the design and approval of * 3 workshops (one per community) for the reviewmanagement plans. of above detailed surveys and initial general

design at the start-up phase of the project

5

Ecuador. Conservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza

* 3 workshops (one per community) for the reviewand discussion of draft management plans.

* 3 workshops (one per community) for finaldiscussion and approval.

Biodiversity sustainable management pilot projects * At least 30 edible species and 10 medicinalspecies of the Amazon forest under management,in 20 phytogenetic gardens located in thecommunities of Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun andShiona.

Component 2. Establishment of a socio-environmental information center for theindigenous territories of Pastaza. US $ 83.500

Construction of basic infrastructure, purchase of * Research station constructed and equipped at thehardware and software, communication and field community of Yana-Yacu.equipment.

Design of geographic information system linked to * Database designed and structured with socio-the socio-environmental data base. environmental and geographical information, by

the end of first year.

* Geographic information system applied toenvironmental planning, administration,monitoring and evaluation of the indigenousterritories of Pastaza, as of the project's first yearof implementation.

Component 3. Design and Implementation of a * Training program designed for local andTraining Program on environmental and iiatural communal staff specialized in environmentalresources management. US $ 93.020 administration, to take place within 2 months of

project initiation.

* 15 members from the communities trained inenvironmental administration, during themanagement plan preparation process (includemembers of three selected communities andother communities). Training will include legalframework for intellectual rights to traditionalindigenous knowledge contained in the Andeancountries agreement of the Common Regulationof Genetic Access, ratified by Ecuador.

* 5 network specialists to receive training onproject activities during the first year (thesespecialists are members of the three selectedcommunities and others).

* 20 community leaders trained in environmental

6


administration by the end of the project (includemembers of three selected communities andother communities).

* Members from 3 selected communities trained inapplying environmental management plans bythe end of the project.

* 3 students from the communities of Yana Yacu,Nina Amarun and Shiona attending college as ofthe first semester of the project.

* 5 project evaluation workshops.

7


12. Estimated budget:GEF PDF A (awarded): 25,000GEF: 763,000Co-financing: 248,744TOTAL: 1,011,744INFORMATION ON INSTITUTION SUBlIITTING PROJECT BRIEF13. Information regarding the applicant institutionThe Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia Sacha Supai, IQBSS is a non-profit organization integrated byQuichua professionals and shamans, that acquired its legal status on 10 July, 1992, through MinisterialResolution N° 003265, issued by the Ministry of Social Welfare. The IQBSS specializes in managingcommunal territories, ecosystems and biodiversity in terms of indigenous know-how.The mission of IQBSS is to contribute to the establishment of a model for the sustainable development of theindigenous territories of Pastaza, based on the sustainable use of natural resources existing in its territories,through the application of traditional indigenous knowledge and practices.The objectives of IQBSS are: i) to promote the conservation of the ecosystems and biodiversity of theindigenous territories of the Southern Amazon region, through socio-environmental research, design andimplementation of natural resources management plans, environmental evaluation and monitoring; ii)strengthening of local communities capacity for the sustainable managernent of natural resources and theimplementation of management plans and iii) develop technologies for the management of natural resourcesbased on traditional knowledge and practices.

The main areas of experience of IQBSS are: i) establishment of a biodiversity research station located at thecommunity of Yana Yacu, which includes facilities such as native plant species nurseries, demonstrativeareas for the cultivation of traditional cultivars, medicinal plants and native palms; ii) Design and executionof training programs on management of forest ecosystems addressed to community leaders and technicalstaff. IQBSS owns a training center at the community of Yana Yacu; iii) provide technical assistance for thedesign and evaluation of local development projects.14. Information regarding the executing institution:The Insterinstitutional Environment Administration Network of Pastaza is integrated by the IQBSS, theAmazon Institute for Science and Technology, "Amazanga", the Technological Center for AmazonResources (Centro Tecnol6gico de Recursos Amaz6nicos) and the OMAERE foundation. The network is acombination of grass root organizations and local NGOs, all their members belong to indigenouscommunities, particularly to the three communities selected for the project. These organizations workexclusively in the region and serve their communities.

IQBSS: same information as above.

The Amazon Institute for Science and Technology, "Amazanga", was established in 1992. Its mission isto conserve biological resources of the Amazon region, supporting the development of indigenous traditionalknowledge.

The objectives of Amazanga are the following: i) carry out the general planning for the management ofindigenous territories; ii) improve the quality of life of communities by means of productive alternativesbase on the sustainable management of natural resources; iii) develop technological models for thesustainable use of natural resources; iv) train communities in the design, rnonitoring and evaluation of localdevelopment projects; v) support the institutional strengthening of indigenous communities and grass rootorganizations of Pastaza.

The main areas of experience are: i) base mapping of indigenous territories of Pastaza ii) development of aproposal for the administration of the indigenous territories of Pastaza; iii) implementation of productiveprojects: handcrafts, ecotourism, agro forestry; iv) training to communities on productive alternatives,mechanisms for institutional strengthening, administration and financial management, marketing.

Is


The Centro Tecnol6gico de Recursos Amaz6nicos "CTRA", was established on January, 1986. It'smission is to generate sustainable technologies for the management of Amazon ecosystems, to allow theconservation of biological diversity and the socio-economic development of indigenous communities.

The objectives of CTRA are: i) carry out applied research and offer technological and educationalaltematives to support the sustainable management of the Amazon biological resources; ii) Promote thedevelopment of sustainable productive alternatives for the management of biological resources.

Based on the above mentioned objectives, CTRA has developed the following areas of experience: i)management and reproduction in captivity of "guanta" (Agouti paca), "guatusa" (Dasyprocta spp) and"guatin" ( Myoprocta pratti); ii) management and reproduction in semi-captivity of "capihuara"(Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, "tapir" (Tapirus terrestris) and "sahino" (Pecari tajacu); iii) development ofinitial parameters for the reproduction in semi-captivity of "charapa" (Podocnemis unifilis); iv) managementand reproduction in captivity of Pomacea spp; v) Implementation of fauna management and reproductionprojects in the communities of Quichuas, Shuar, Siona and Secoya; vi) preparation of several manuals andeducational materials on biodiversity; vii) training on environmental education; viii) courses and seminars onsustainable management of Amazon native fauna; ) Implementation of educational curriculum on Amazonbiodiversity in educational centers of the communities of Sarayacu, Curaray and Arajuno.

Fundaci6n OMAERE is an international non-profit organization created on March, 1994. It's objective is tocontribute to the study of biodiversity, ethnobotany, conserve nature and defend the cultural patrimony ofindigenous peoples around the world.

The main areas of experience are: i) Conservation of tropical forests; ii) environmental education; iii)research and publications on indigenous peoples' access to biodiversity rights; iv) implementation of theEthnobotanic Garden OMAERE at the city of Puyo-Province of Pastaza, with financing from the EuropeanCommission, UNDP, Belgium Cooperation, lJPA, UNESCO, FFEM, French Cooperation DEV-IVA andFundaci6n Nicolas Hulot; v) development of a technology for the use of a native palm fiber "AphandraNatalia", wit six Shuar communities. In addition, OMAERE is member of the Intemational Society ofEthnobiology, Botanical Garden Conservation Intemational, and the Latin American and the CaribbeanAssociation of Botanical Gardens.15. Date of initial submission of project concept: December 15, 1997INFORMATION TO BE COM]PLETED BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY16. Project identifilcation number: P05703417. Implementing agency contact persons:Karin Shepardson Gabriela ArcosGEF Regional Coordinator Environmental SpecialistThe World Bank The World Bank1818 H Street NW Ecuador Country OfficeWashington, D.C. 12 de Octubre 1830 y Cordero-Quitoem: kshepardsonQworldbank.org garcos(iiworldbank.or218. Project linkage to Implementing Agency Program(s)The proposed project is consistent with the World Bank Country Assistance Strategy, which has as one of itsmain pillars promoting social stability and socially and environmentally sustainable development, byexpanding opportunities for excluded social groups, including indigenous peoples.

The World Bank is financing the following related operations in Ecuador:The Biodiversity Protection Project was co-financed by a GEF Grant (TF-28700-EC) and implemented bythe former INEFAN (now the Ministry of the Environment). The main objective of this project was tosupport the restructuring and strengthening of the institutional capacity and overall policy and legalframework for adequate management of the National System of Protected Areas (NSPA). Within ActivityNo.6, the preparation of the Strategic Plan for the National System of Protected Areas was carried out, wherea general framework regarding policies and mechanisms for the integration of indigenous territories and

9


communities to the management of protected areas was established. This MSP would become an experiencefor the sustainable use of forest resources within indigenous territories, replicable in indigenous territories ofother regions in the country and in conservation units of the NSPA.The experiences and methodologies developed for the preparation of Protected Areas Management Plansunder the Biodiversity Protection Project, will become an extremely useful instrument for the developmentof those management plans contemplated under this MSP.The second phase of this project: "National System of Protected Areas (NS PA)" , now under preparationwith a Block B grant, will put in practice through specific programs, those policies established in the NSPAStrategic Plan and National Strategy for Sustainable Development, integrating indigenous territories under aconservation regime and becoming part of the system.

The Monitoring the Galapagos Island Project is co-financed by a GEF Medium-Sized Grant (TF-021769)and implemented by Fundaci6n Natura. The main objectives are: (i) to establish a sound monitoring systemto measure the well being of the ecoregions of the Galapagos Islands; (b) to monitor key sustainabilityvariables of the Galapagos Islands; and (c) to provide information to local stakeholders and policy makersfor the adequate management of the Galapagos ecoregions. The monitoring tools and methodologiesdeveloped under the Galapagos MSP, will be useful to define the overall structure of thebiological/socioeconomic Information Center that will be developed under this MSP for the Pastasindigenous territories.

The Wetland Priorities for Conservation Action Project is co-financed by a GEF Medium-Sized Grant(TF-022267) and implemented by Fundaci6n EcoCiencia. The main objective of this project is to assist andpromote the conservation of Ecuador's wetlands through the identification, characterization andprioritization of wetlands in the country. In the case that globally important wetlands are identified insidethe Pastaza indigenous territories affected by this MSP, the above project will contribute with important dataand recommendations for their conservation and sustainable management.

The Choco-Andean Corridor Project is co-financed by a GEF Medium-Sized Grant (TF-023882) andimplemented by Fundaci6n Maquipucuna. The main objective of this project is to conserve threatenedbiodiversity of the Choco-Andean ecosystems of northwest Ecuador, through establishing conservationpriorities and guidelines for the bioregion and establishing a pilot corridor to secure sustainable managementbetween existing protected areas. The land-use model that will be developed under the Choco-AndeanCorridor Project to monitor drivers of land use change and to set up a conservation strategy, could providesome guidelines and principles to design the conservation strategy for the indigenous territories of Pastaza.

The Agricultural Census and Information System Project (EC-7135), implemented by MAG and rNEC.Its main objective is to improve the availability and use of data for decision-makers in the agricultural sector.This project would provide information on land-use that will support natural resources use planning withinterritories of Pastaza communities.

The Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian People Development, PRODEPINE, (EC-40086), implemented byCODENPE. Its main objective is to improve quality of life of poor rural indigenous and Afro-Ecuadoriancommunities by providing improved access to land resources and financing for investment subprojects.These investment subprojects will include natural resources management issues. Indigenous communitiescovered by this MSP would receive the benefits of activities planned under PRODEPINE, becomingcomplementary to forest resources management activities that will be developed by this MSP.PRODEPINE's North Amazon Regional Office has included in year 2000 operational program, an agreementwith the Organization of the Indigenous People of Pastaza (Organizaci6n de los Pueblos Indigenas delPastaza ,OPIP), to develop a socioeconomic diagnosis and a local development plan for several communities,including those ones that will participate in this MSP.

10


PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

The Amazon basin covers 7% of the planet's total surface area and it is the most extensivetropical rain forest in the world. Its flora and fauna represent, by themselves, more than halfof the world's biota. In addition, the Amazon Basin houses almost one third of the world'sgenetic reserves'; it generated - as far back as the pre-Columbian age - nearly 100domesticated plants of significant importance to world agriculture 2 More than 2000 specieshave been identified as useful, most of which were already known to the indigenous peoplefor their medicinal and nutritional value and as the basis for oils, varnishes, aromas, spicesand other major uses3. Most of the world's food and medicinal needs could depend on the useof such biodiverse resources traditionally known to native communities. 4

The Ecuadorian portion of the Amazon, located in the upper basin of the region, covers1.67% of its total surface area. Its territory is defined as one of megadiverse 5. Ecuador isconsidered as the country with the highest number of plant species per unit area in SouthAmirica6. The map, " Workshop 90: biological priorities for the conservation of theAmazon"7 determines five priority levels of conservation, based on scientific biodiversity andendemism criteria. This map rates Yasuni and Abitahua, located in Pastaza and currentlyprotected by the Ecuadorian state, as a number one priority. The indigenous territories ofPastaza are assigned a number two priority in the map due to their high levels of biodiversityand endemism.

The wealth of biological resources in Ecuador is in danger due to an annual deforestation rateof 2.3%, the second highest in Latin America, and to the impact deforestation has on theconservation of biodiversity and genetic resources, i.e. erosion, sedimentation and pollution8.Progressive deforestation in the Ecuadorian Arnazon region is due to economic models basedon deforestation practices, including livestock raising and intensive farming (exoticmonocrops such as African palm trees,

' RUIZ, Julio.1993. Alimentos del bosque amaz6nico. Montevideo-Uruguay. UNESCO, p 3.2 ESTRELLA, E. 1995. Biodiversidad y salud en las poblaciones indigenas de la amazonia. Ed.,TCA. Lima-Peru.3 CAAM. S/f. Amazonia sin mitos. Ed., CAAM. Quito-Ecuador. p. xii.4LOVEJOY, T.J. 1994. Biodi versity: The mostfundamental issue. Conference given at theAustralian Academy of Science. Transcription provided by the Australian Academy of Science. InNEMOGA & BONILLA, et al, 1996. Amazonia por la vida, biodiversidady derechos de los pueblos.Ed., Acci6n Ecol6gica. Quito-Ecuador, pp. 96-74.5MITTERMEIER, as quoted by CASTANO, Carlos. 1993. Situ acci6n general de la conservacion dela biodiversidad amaz6nica: evaluaci6n de las areas protegidas, propuestas y estrategias. Ed., TCA.Quito-Ecuador. In ESTRELLA. 1995. Biodiversidad y salud en las poblaciones indigenas de laamazonia. Ed., TCA. Lima-Peru. p. 9.6 INEFAN, WORLD BANK, UNDP, GEF. Proyecto GEF Ecuador: Plan maestro para la protecci6n dela biodiversidad mediante el fortalecimiento del sistema Nacional de areas protegidas, 1994.7CI, IBAMA, INPA. Map "Workshop 90: biological priorities for the conservation of the Amazon".Coordinated by Silvio Olivieri. Ed., Conservation International. Manaos-Brasil, 1991.The map was the Workshop's final outcome. The Workshop was organized by IBAMA, INPA, NewYork Botanical Garden, The Smithsonian Institute, Conservation International and The RoyalBotanical Gardens (Kew), in Manaos, 1990. Almost 100 scientists and experts on the Amazon regionattended the Workshop.8 UICN,compiled by Torres Santibanez,La diversidad biol6gica y su conservacion en America del Sur,1998, p 74.

11


coffee, cocoa, naranjilla (Solanum quitoense), which require the clearing of extensive forestareas. In addition, these productive activities have made indigenous communities dependentupon external technologies, thereby eroding their ancestral knowledge about biologicaldiversity, its uses, techniques and resource management practices.

Also, there are other causes contributing to the loss of biological diversity, such as theoverexploitation of forest resources (hunting, fishing and harvesting); a faulty landdistribution system, which has generated uncontrolled migrations to land rarely used foragriculture, such as the soil of the Amazon region; chaotic human settlements, poverty andunderemployment.

Besides the existing causes that contribute to the loss of biodiversity, the lack of private orgovernment administered protected areas in Pastaza is an additional threat to the region. Eventhough several local organizations, including indigenous organizations, have developed someprograms aimed at the sustainable use of natural resources, these efforts have not been enoughto ensure a sustained conservation strategy for as proposed in this MSP. Even though thisMSP does not entail the formal establishrnent of protected areas, this initiative willstrategically complement the government's and other private efforts to conserve criticalecosytems of Ecuador's Amazon Region.

To address the above problems and preserve outstanding biodiversity mainly contained atselected sites covering 250,000 hectares, the indigenous people of Pastaza and indigenoustechnical institutions consider that management planning of communal territories is urgent,including the implementation at a pilot level of sustainable management programs for floraand fauna species, and training of community members to be able to carry out the sustainablemanagement of the natural resources contained in their territories.

Management planning of indigenous territories requires studies regarding major ecosystemsand existing resources, zoning, soil surveys, and training for indigenous communitiesmembers and technical staff, thereby enabling them to control the environmental problemsdescribed.

Considering that Pastaza is mainly occupied by indigenous communities, this MSP provides aunique opportunity to set up guidelines for a strategy to conserve biodiversity combiningindigenous traditional knowledge and practices with modem technology.

From previous experiences with local development plans and given the high level oforganization of indigenous communities in Ecuador, the integration of their members toplanning process consolidate their position to take direct responsibility of the implementationof management plans.

Important linkages have been established between this MSP and government institutionsthrough land legalization processes and the implementation of local development plans. Theimplementation of PDLs is governed by the Consejo de Desarollo de las Nacionalidades yPueblos Indigenas del Ecuador (CODENPE), an agency directly dependent of the President ofthe Republic.

The overall objective of the project is to carry out in-situ conservation and management of theecosystems and the biodiversity found in the Southeastern Amazon forest of selectedindigenous communities of Pastaza.

12

Ecuador: Conservation of Biodiversit) in Pastaza

In addition, the project will have the following specific objectives:

1. To plan territorial zoning, together with the conservation of ecosystems and in-situbiodiversity, within representative areas of the selected indigenous communities of Pastazaand to encourage the sustainable use and management of Amazon forest resources, basedon applied collective research on indigenous know-how and their traditional systems ofaccess to, use and management of natural resources.

2. To provide accurate information for planning and decision-making for the long-termmanagement of the indigenous territories of Pastaza.

3. To strengthen the environmental administration capacity of indigenous communities bytraining their human resources in collective methodologies of environmental diagnosis,planning, administration, monitoring and evaluation, and by providing specialized trainingto Network specialists at colleges and higher learning centers.

CURRENT SITUATION

General socio-economic characteristics of the area

The Province of Pastaza has a total extension of 29.773,70 km2, at the South Eastern regionof Ecuador, and represents 22 percent of the Amazon Region territory. This province hasabout 56,000 inhabitants, 23,000 living in urban areas and 33,000 at rural areas. Thepopulation density has been estimated at 1.87 inhabitants per square kilometer. The annualpopulation growth rate between 1982 and 1990 was estimated at 4.8 percent, as result of themigration from other regions of the country caused by soil desertification and loss ofcultivation land. This Province holds a total of 138 indigenous communities.( SIESE, 2001)

Most of the illiterate population in Pastaza (12. 4 percent) is concentrated at the indigenouscommunities (Census 1990). According to the National Directorate of Education, Pastaza hasabout 95 bi-lingual schools, covering the same number of indigenous communities. However,education is extremely deficient due to the lack of adequate infrastructure, teacher's lowprofile and limited access to educational materials, lacking teaching of traditional indigenousknowledge.

Health services are also extremely deficient, particularly in urban small centers. The loss oftraditional cultivars has caused a significant decrease in the quality of food, resulting on ahigh incidence of child malnutrition and contagious diseases.

Livelihoods, ethnic characteristics and land tenure

Pastaza historically has been inhabited by indigenous nationalities: Quichua, Shiwiar-Achuarand Zapara. Between 1964 and 1992, a total of 2,210,887 hectares were legalized,representing 74 percent of the Pastaza Province. These territories are distributed as follows:2,085,985 belong to indigenous communities and 124,902 to colonists (colonos).Approximately 500,000 hectares remain without legal title (SIISE 2001).

The main cultivars found at indigenous and colonos territories are sugar cane, tea, banana,coffee, cacao, corn and citric fruits. In the 80s., several indigenous communities motivated bylocal development programs supported by the state, got involved in market-oriented cattlebreeding. The expansion of this activity resulted on deforestation, water pollution and declineof traditional livelihood subsistence resources such as hunting and fishing. Moreover, fewindigenous communities traditionally semi-nomadic have gradually became sedentary, anadditional cause of land over-exploitation.

13


Market-oriented activities face commercialization problems, due to disperse settlements andthe lack of adequate infrastructure such as roads and transportation facilities. It is estimatedthat 97 percent of indigenous communities don't have access to roads, thus, only aerialtransportation is possible. Small planes are used at a relatively high cost, they land in veryrudimentary 400-800 meters long trails constructed by communities. Rivers are also used fortransportation where possible, but they only allow internal communication withincommunities.

State policies that supported the expansion of the agricultural frontier, population growth andrecurrent economic crisis have lead to the development of marginal agriculture systems. Theformer added to he lack of basic services provision have contributed to increase poverty ratesin the region.

Underlying causes of biodiversitv loss

Local indigenous conmmunities are increasingly lacking alternatives to carry out a sustainableuse of their natural resources. As mentioned before, economic crisis have resulted onuncontrolled migrations currents to lands that were not used in the past for agriculturalpurposes, with non basic services provision neither technical assistance. Progressivedeforestation in Pastaza is mainly due to unsustainable farming that result on deforestationsuch as livestock raising which requires clearing extensive forest areas.

In addition, market oriented productive activities had made indigenous communities todepend upon inaccurate technologies such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,thereby eroding their ancestral knowledge about biological diversity, and resourcemanagement practices. Both modem agricultural and livestock technologies are eroding theforest soil conditions, promoting deforestation and accelerating the traditional knowledgeloss.

How baseline activities are addressing threats to biodiversitv

Past Efforts

Since 1992, the members of the Interinstitutional Environment Administration Networktogether with indigenous communities have investment in the past 5 years a total amount ofUS $ 521.860 to develop the following activities:

(a) Studies of two ecosystems at the Yana Yacu community: Etlmoecological areaswere identified, and studies were performed at the Bariza and Pashpanzhu Lakesand at two Mauritia Flexousa areas. The following were analyzed: soil,geomorphology, forest types, flora inventory; water component and themanagement of ecosystem resources within family economies (hunting, fishing,collection, extraction). As a complement, the IQBSS and the Yana Yacucommunity have been managing phytogenetical resources (arecaceae and wildfruit trees) with indigenous knowledge. These activities amount to (US $132.990);

(b) Design of Database for ethnobotanical studies (US $ 5.500);

(c) Applied research regarding the management in semi-captivity of three wildmammals of the Amazon region (tapir, peccary and agouti). The Technological

14


(d) Center for Amazon Resources has been able to achieve the reproduction of thesespecies, and has provided the communities with management training. Thecenter's infrastructure consists of housing for technical staff, class rooms, 25hectares of forest for research and fauna management activities, fencing, plots ofland with animal feed and paths. Its cost amounts to (US $ 378.460);

(e) The Technological Center for Amazon Resources also developed a preliminarycurricular design to train the cormmunities in biodiversity conservation andmanagement (US $ 5.000).

Current Efforts

The Natural Resource Management Program for the Indigenous Territories of Pastaza,financed by the European Community Commission and executed by the OPIP, has as its mainobjective to consolidate the organizational and technical capacity of the Pastaza communities,in order to enable them to plan the management of their territories and its natural resourcesand implement development programs based on the sustainable management of the resourcesin those territories.

The PRODEPINE project, implemented by the Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo de lasNacionalidades y Pueblos Indigenas (CODENPE) and financed by the World Bank has as itsmain objective is to improve the quality of life of poor rural indigenous and afro-ecuadoriancommunities by providing improved access to land resources and financing for investmentsubprojects. PRODEPINE's North Amazon Regional Office has included in year 2000operational program an agreement with the Organization of the Indigenous People of Pastaza(OPIP), to develop a socioeconomic diagnosis and a local development plan for severalcommunities, including those ones that will participate in this project. This diagnosis willprovide relevant information to prepare the communal management plans.

The Agricultural Census Project implemented by MAG and INEC. Its main objective is toimprove the availability and use of data for decision-makers in the agricultural sector. Thisproject would provide information on land-use that will support natural resources useplanning within territories of Pastaza communities.

2. EXPECTED PROJECT OUTCOMES

The implementation of this project will allow the conservation of representative EcuadorianSouthem Amazon ecosystems and its biodiversity within selected indigenous communities ofPastaza. The main strategy to implement this project would be to promote new socialinvolvement strategies to find sustainable development altematives and adopt efficientmanagement and conservation. This would be achieved through the design andimplementation of conservation strategies at three sites that would serve as models to applyand expand conservation practices to other territories of the Pastaza Province. The design ofthese strategies will be strongly based on the recovery of traditional indigenous know-howand techniques. The foundation for replicating these pilot projects throughout the PastazaProvince would be built through the project's creation of a socio-environment informationcenter and training activities.

15


Project activities will be performed during a period of thirty months. The followingproject outcomes are expected:

1. Management plans for the communities of Nina Amarun, Yana Yacu and Shiona,comprising surveys, geographic, biological, socioeconomic and cultural studies;environmental protection community programs and collective monitoring and impactevaluation methodologies, including the implementation at a pilot level of sustainablemanagement projects for selected species of flora and fauna.

2. A socio-environmental information center to plan, administrate and monitor theindigenous territories of Pastaza, fully equipped with hardware and software.

3. Members of ten communities trained in planning, monitoring, administration andsustainable use of natural resources (training for Network specialists, local technical staffand community members).

3. ACTIVITIES AND FINANCIAL INPUTS NEEDED TO ENABLE CHANGES

To achieve the project's objectives the following activities will be developed in two phases.The first phase would entail the preparation of management plans for three selectedcommunities (Component 1). The second phase would and implement specific aspects of themanagement plans: biodiversity management pilot projects (Component 1), informationcenter (Component 2), and training (Component 3).

1. Design communal management plans and implement pilot projects: (Total cost: US $809,484, GEF US $ 586,480; Co-financing: US $ 223,004).

GEF financing would support all three major subcomponents: (a) information gathering andassessments needed to design the management plans and implement pilot projects; (b) designof the management plans; and (c) implementation of pilot projects. Co-financiers wouldsupport component (a) information gathering and assessment activities; and component (c)implementation of the pilot projects.

l.a. Information gathering and assessment for the design of communal managementplans

The limited information that exists for the region is scattered in several private and publicorganization and in terms of scales, type of information and level of analysis is not adequateto design a conservation strategy and management plans fot the three selected communities.This significant gap makes necessary and justifies the generation of high quality and updatedinformation. The information generated will enhance knowledge regarding the conservationstatus of the region, therefore providing the technical means to set up a long-termconservation strategy for Pastaza.

This subcomponent is a preparation phase which comprises geographical, biological andsocioeconomic studies necessary for the design of 3 management plans for the three selectedcommunities covering 250,000 hectares and implementation of biodiversity management pilotprojects. A highly participatory methodology will allow the incorporation of new socialinvolvement strategies to find sustainable development alternatives and adopt efficientmanagement and conservation based on the recovery of traditional indigenous know-how andtechniques. The planning process will be aimed at recovering the traditional systems of self

16


management that has governed resources management in the region and combined withmodem and scientific knowledge, will be translated into sustainable development strategies.

This subcomponent would include the following steps:

Physical and Geographical Surveys: These surveys will be performed at a macro level first,comprising the territories of the indigenous peoples of Pastaza, which cover a total of 2million hectares. A General Base Map of the area will be prepared at a scale of 1:250.000,including the following information: community boundaries, rivers, lakes, human settlements,main and secondary roads, contour lines, elevations (geographic features); names and areasof communities, names and length of rivers, names of settlements; values of contour lines andelevations (alphanumeric codes assigned). The sources of information will be the MilitaryGeographical Institute (initials in Spanish, IGM), 1:250.000 topographic plates; existing localinformation and satellite images. A Vegetation Cover Map will also be performed at amacro level, with a scale of 1:250.000, containing: primary and secondary forests, grassland,farmland, wetland and miriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) areas. This classification will notrequire field staff supervision. The sources of information will be LADSAT 7 satelliteimagery, channels 3, 4 and 5 and panchromatic imagery taken after October 1999; the DIVAProject; control points based on IGM topographic maps. Scale 1:50.000.

Even though management plans will be developed for the territory corresponding to threecommunities only, this information at the macro level is necessary to provide acomprehensive perspective of indigenous territories of Pastaza, marking the location ofnatural environmental units (rivers, lakes, forests) and social units (settlements, farmland),and will also be used to locate biological study areas to design the management plans forcommunity territories at the micro level (3 communities). It will also serve as a basis forfuture development of management plans for other communities not covered by this MSP.

Based on the above macro mapping information, the following maps will be prepared todesign the management plans for the Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun and Shiona communities:

a) Base Maps of the 3 communal territories, at a scale of 1:50.000, containing thefollowing: community boundaries, rivers, takes, human settlements, main and secondaryroads, contour lines, elevations (geographic features); surface areas of Communities andlakes, names and length of rivers, names of settlements; values of contour lines andelevations (alphanumeric codes assigned). The sources of infornation will be the IGM,1:50.000 topographic plates; existing local information and locally surveyed data, andsatellite imagery.

b) Land use maps for the territories of the three communities, at a scale of 1:50.000, withthe following information: Primary and secondary forests, farmland, wetland and miritipalm (Mauritia flexuosa) areas, verified through field activities. The sources ofinformation will be LADSAT 7 satellite imagery, channels 3, 4 and 5 and panchromaticimagery taken after October 1999; the control points based on IGM topographical maps.Scale 1:50.000.

c) Digital Land Model of all three communities at a scale of 1:50.000, with the followinginformation: elevations, 3D display, slopes. IGM topographic maps will be used. Scale1:50.000.

d) Ecosystem Maps of the territories of all 3 communities at a scale of 1:25.000, containingthe surface area of different identified ecosystems. The following sources will be used:

17

Ecuador: Conservation ofBiodiversity in Pastaza

e) existing local maps, the current soil use map, LADSAT 7 satellite imagery, channels3, 4 and 5 and panchromatic imagery taken after October 1999.

Biological Studies will include studies regarding life zones, flora and fauna inventories,forest formations, ecosystems and sensitive habitats, based on research that will generate theinformation required to develop environmental management activities at the communities.

The flora and fauna inventories will enable determining the distribution and relativeabundance of financially targeted species, which are key or endangered and requireprotection. The inventories will also enable selecting indicator species to design impactmonitoring programs of human and project activities.

Three types of flora inventories will be performed: basic, quantitative and specific inventoriesof flora resources with a financial value.

For basic flora inventories, two to four representative sites of major habitats and life zoneswill be chosen in each of the three communities. Inventories will take place in primaryforests and in areas subject to intervention. The transect methodology (Gentry, 1988) will beapplied. Each life zone will be visited on several occasions during different times of the yearto find and collect fertile samples (with flowers or fruit), that will be processed and identified.This information will be entered into a database. The samples will be taken to the herbariumof the Omaere botanical garden and to the National Herbarium.

For quantitative inventories permanent I hectare plots will be established to identify theDAP and height of species measuring a DAP of 2 5 cm or 2 10 cm, all of which will belabeled (Methodologies, Campbell, 1989; Gentry, 1988). Information about the diversity,structure and composition of forest flora will be obtained, and the data will be compared tothat of other regions and zones. The plots will also be used for other types of appliedresearch, such as ethnobotanical and economic value studies of a forest area, performed by B.Bennett from the Botanical Garden of New York and R. Alarc6n from Ecociencia at the JatunSacha Scientific Station.

The data collected as a result of the ethnobiological studies will be processed and entered intoa database. The software designed by Ecociencia will be available when the project begins.

In specific inventories of financially valuable resources, the distribution, abundance,natural regeneration, productivity and phenology of the species used by the communities willbe quantified. A specific inventory design will be applied to each case.

Fauna inventories will include amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna); birds and mammals.For herpetology, omithology and mastozoology (mastozoologia) the transect censusmethodology will be used. In addition, day and night time observations, capturing andphotography, markings, specimen collections, recordings (for birds) and track or traceidentifications will be performed. A preliminary list of all the species found in each site willbe prepared. The diversity and relative abundance of each species will be analyzed by usingthe Simpson index. Major species or groups of species will be identified to determine thedegree of human impact on the environment (indicators). Key species will also be identifiedas indicators for future monitoring purposes. The inventories will be performed in at leasttwo zones per community, in primary forest areas and in forests subject to intervention.Research teams will visit each zone twice a year for two weeks at a time, in order to takeclimatic conditions into consideration. Unidentified specimens will be collected by expertsfor identification purposes and forwarded to national museums depending on their taxonomicgroup.

18


Inventories will be completed with ethnobotanical and ethnozoological studies in orderto document traditional indigenous know-how about the value of natural resources; the degreeof extraction of financially valuable products and management practices. This informationwill be used as the basis to determine the priorities of applied research and the sustainable useof identified species.

To perform the flora and fauna inventories, local technical staff and commtnity members willbe coached and trained in inventory, species identification and monitoring techniques, therebystrengthening the local capacity to carry out research and monitoring activities of biologicalresources.

The studies and inventories to design management plans will be performed by a team ofexperts from different fields, including specialists in mapping, geographical informationsystems, biology (ethnobotanist, ethnozoologist and herpetologist), anthropology andeconomy. In each community, teams of three people trained in inventory methodology willbe established, who will work together with the experts in field research. The same standardcollection methodology will be applied at each community, enabling data entering proceduresand a comparative analysis of study results.

The study results will be analyzed in collective workshops at each conmmunity to defineecological conservation areas. In addition, communal territories will be divided into zonesand various soil uses will be planned in terms of conservation objectives and by consideringancestral resource uses and management techniques.

Social assessment:

A full social assessment for will be developed for this project. The objectives of conductingthis social assessment would be to: (i) provide information for ensuring a continuing processof participatory planning and management of project activities, and (ii) support the evaluationof management strategies that will be proposed under the project iii) to define the mechanismwhereby to have the beneficiaries fully informed on the project implementation.

The social assessment process under the project will be participatory. Prior to the collection ofrelevant information, affected communities will be informed through meetings andconsultations about the assessments and the proposed MSP.

The assessment will cover the three communities (Nina Amarun, Yana Yacu and Shiona) forwhich the communal management plan would be developed, and will follow six main stages:(i) problem identification; (ii) assessment design; (iii) data gathering; (iv) analysis anddiagnosis; (v) information feedback, and (vi) report writing. Detailed Tenns of Reference aredescribed in Annex 1.

l.b. Design of management plans

Based on the studies perfonmed and the corresponding data analysis, the management plansfor the Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun and Shiona communities will be prepared. These planswill contain the following components: a proposal for conservation areas to protect criticalecosystems and endangered species; sustainable management pilot project for flora and faunaspecies; applied research programs in ethnobotany and ethnozoology; human settlementmanagement; use, access and control mechanisms for natural resources; environmentaladministration training; impact mitigation; environmental control and monitoring plan.

19


The plans will be prepared by using a collective and participatory methodology througha total of nine workshops organized in each community, conducted by experts inenvironmental planning and in impact evaluation and monitoring. This process will allow thedirect participation of members of the three selected communities ihat will not onlylegitimatize the contents of management plans, but will create capacity among indigenouscommunities to plan for the use of their natural resources.

The implementation of these plans will be subject to the legal framework of the country'sConstitution which recognizes Collective Rights and guarantees indigenous people the rightto "Participate in the use, administration and conservation of renewable natural resourcesfound in their land" and to "Preserve and promote indigenous management practices ofbiodiversity and their natural surroundings." (Political Constitution of Ecuador: Art. 84,paragraphs 4 and 6).

l.c. Biodiversity Management Pilot projectsThis subcomponent will focus on implementing pilot projects for the sustainable use of floraand fauna species: related to food supply, health and commercialization, as defined in thecorresponding management plan. Special emphasis will be placed in establishingphytogenetic gardens holding species with current nutritional or medicinal value, endangeredspecies, or plants with economic potential. The establishment and management of wildlifeconservation areas threatened by overexploitation will also be emphasized.

2. Establishment of a socio-environment information center for the indigenousterritories of Pastaza:

This includes the purchase of hardware and software; developing a data base; designingGeographic Information Systems, GIS; data entering; comprehensively analyzing andmanaging geographic, biodiversity and socioeconomic information; applying GeographicInformation Systems; training human resources in GIS management. (Total Cost: US $85,500; GEF US $ 83,500; Co-financing: 2,000 ) Co-financing will be used to purchasehardware.

The information center is constnied as a support mechanism of the research and planningrequired for the conservation process of biological diversity and the rational use of naturalresources in the indigenous territories of Pastaza. With this purpose, Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) will be applied to research, administration and monitoring activities of themanagement plans. To render GIS systems operational, hardware andl software will beacquired and human resources will be trained in GIS implementation. At the center'sdatabase, all the information acquired while performing the studies for the management planswill be computerized, processed and analyzed. The socio-environment information centerwill enable the provision of technical assistance to the various indigenous communities withinthe region in terms of planning and sustainable management of the resources in theirterritories.

A key sub-product of the information center that would be tested at the three selectedconmmunities would be a biological monitoring system. Its objective is to measure and verifyany changes in the abundance and distribution of indicator species in the ecosystems andconservation habitats defined in the communities as a result of project activities. BiologicalMonitoring will be based on the biological indicators selected during the inventory stage,including endangered species, key species to ecosystem developmeni, and the speciessensitive to human presence and/or activities.

20


Biological indicators to be selected for the monitoring system should have at least thefollowing attributes: i) well known natural history; ii) broad geographic distribution; iii) wellknown and accepted taxonomy; iv) habitat specialization and, v) easy to observe and monitorat the field. Groups such as manmmals, birds and reptiles could comply with suchcharacteristics. Based on the above mentioned characteristic, members of these taxonomicgroups will be selected from the general inventories as target species. Other relevantattributes could be identified if necessary during the design of the system.

To monitor wetland or lake conservation areas, aquatic insects will be utilized as theseindicators are easy to use and also, there are proven methodologies that will enable thecommunities to become effectively involved in the monitoring process. Insects will also beused as indicators in miriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) areas. Monitoring methodologies will bethe same as those used by researchers in fauna and flora inventories. The species selected asindicators during the inventory stage will be monitored initially during the rainy and drierseasons. Monitoring activities will be performed by impact evaluation experts, the project'stechnical staff and local teams from each comnmunity provided with hands-on training.

To monitor the dynamics of vegetation cover and soil use, changes in major vegetation coverpattems (with emphasis in deforested areas) will be analyzed at the Socio-environmentInformation Center with the help of satellite images of communal territories and zones ofinfluence. Vegetation cover and soil use monitoring will be performed as of the project'sthird year, by comparing soil use and cover pattems to up-dated satellite images. Also, thevegetation cover base maps for each community, prepared during the first stage of the project,will be used. Special attention will be given to forest areas subject to permanent resourceextraction.

The extent and causes of changes in soil use and vegetation cover will be established throughthe analysis of major use and cover pattem changes, which will be related to potential projectimpacts. This will enable enforcing timely mitigation measures or changes in plant lifemanagement, thereby ensuring their conservation and sustainable use.

Another major aspect of impact evaluation will be the capacity to measure changes in people'sbehavior toward natural resource management and use, together with the empowermentachieved by the communities in accessing and controlling biodiversity resources. Theindicators will be defined with the conmmunities at workshops during the diagnosis stage.

In addition, basic infrastructure will be built at the Yana Yacu community, consisting of alocal station for experts and technical staff, equipped with communication systems, trails andfield equipment.

3. Training

Comprises high level courses for Network and community technical slaff specializing inenvironmental management and resource administration; courses and workshops for localtechnical staff in collective environmental diagnosis, management plan design,administration, monitoring and evaluation methodologies; workshops at the communitiesduring each stage of the management plan design and application processes, and materials.(Total Cost: US $ 116,760; GEF US $ 93,020; Co-financing: US $ 23,740 ).

Training stems from a curricular design and training modules based on the combination oflocal indigenous know-how and formal technological science, which will be prepared byNetwork technical staff with the support of a training expert. The courses will be interactiveand incremental, and will be developed simultaneously with the project. Locally, community

21


technical staff will be trained in collective diagnosis methodologies; methodologies toprepare flora and fauna inventories; design of management plans; ecosystem and biologicaldiversity resource administration; environmental monitoring and evaluation. A systematicapproach will be applied to all the courses so that these can be used in project disseminationactivities.

In addition, based on the project's objectives, members from the three selected communitieswill receive a college education in environmental administration issues, to strengthencommunity teams and create a local capacity for the sustainable management of ecosystem.Also, the Network technical staff will receive specialized training in issues related to projectactivities, such as design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sustainabledevelopment projects and geographic information systems. This training will ensure project'ssustainability and will allow transferring this experience to other communities. Co-financingwill cover part of the design of the training program and the first module on environmentaladministration to the three selected communities.

4. SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

All the organizations that comprise the Network have been consistently working inconservation strategies in the area since 1992. This deep involvement has allowed them tobuild good and strong relationships with all indigenous communities that inhabit the PastazaProvince. Based on these relationships, the Network has opted to strategically expand its areaof influence through a careful process of research, planning and building critical coalitionswith other local NGOs and stakeholders, including the Government. All these conditions areabsolutely necessary to consolidate and replicate the proposed strategic planning process atthe project's pilot site level across the region.

The direct involvement of representatives from indigenous communities (professionals,leaders, social groups), whose points of view, interests, needs and priorities will be taken intoaccount throughout the project, from the design stage of management plans through to partialapplication, monitoring and evaluation stages, will provide a strong basis for a commitment tocontinue supporting these type of programs. The Organizacion de Pueblos Indigenas delPastaza as a whole, has also express its commitment to continue supporting and assist withthe fundraising for the future financing of conservation programs in this area.

Moreover, key to ensure sustainability is the linkage to government national wide programs:

The implementation of long-term conservation programs in Pastaza is closely related to theland tenure status. For indigenous communities, land tenure issues are critical not only fortheir own subsistence, but are vital for the consolidation of their ancestral identity. Landlegalization of indigenous communities has been guided by a procedure known as "globaltitling", which does not allow private individual property, therefore avoiding landfragmentation. Global titling of indigenous territories belonging to the Quichua nationality(the majority of communities in Pastaza) has already covered most of the Pastaza Province,however there are still about sixty thousancl hectares that are in process of legalizationthrough the PRODEPINE Project.

Land legalization is being implemented directly by indigenous organizations, throughagreements with government agencies responsible for this process. The empowerment of landlegalization by the indigenous communities ensure their territorial integrity and provide thebest conditions to develop long-term conservation programs. In addition, land legalization islinked to the preparation of territorial management plans, and as such the three management

22


plans (for three selected communities) to be developed under this project are closelyassociated with the legalization process.

Sustainability will also be ensured through the strategic link to the Local ParticipatoryDevelopment Plans (PDLs), also implemented by the government through the PRODEPINEProject. PDLs have paid special attention to the need for preparing plans for the sustainablemanagement of natural resources and have been designed as tools to guide the participation ofgovernmental and private organizations in supporting the development of indigenouscommunities.

Training Network and local technical staff, leaders and community members to provide thecommunities with specialized human resources who will conduct management andconservation activities of natural resources found within indigenous territories, will alsoensure the continuation of these initiatives. All the beneficiaries of the training program,including those ones that will receive college degrees, will remain in the area and will lead theexpansion of additional training to the rest of communities not covered by this MSP.

In addition, the implementation of conservation programs at high biodiversity areas and thesustainable management of flora and fauna species of financial potential, will strengthen theeconomy of community families. In the medium term, commercialization of these specieswill generate financial resources to invest in conservation and biodiversity.

Replication is another means of sustainability. This is a good model for the integration ofregional development plans with local conservation programs. Having as a basis the existenceof local development plans in most of indigenous territories, this model could be easilyreplicated in other regions where critical ecosystems are threatened.

The risks associated with the project include the communities' limited organizational level interms of sustainable forest resource administration. The workshops included in the project'sframework will strengthen the capacity to plan, administrate and sustainably managecommunity resources. Another risk is the limited indigenous human resources specialized inenvironmental sciences (ethnobiology, ethnobotany, ethnozoology, enviromnental planning,monitoring, etc.), being thereby not fully capable of leading environmental administration andbiodiversity conservation in community territories. To offset this risk, community humanresources will be duly trained. A risk associated to the sustainable management of flora andfauna species at phytogenetic gardens would be that commercialization of these species willnot take place. This risk will be minimized through the project's strengthening of communityorganization and the development of solid commercialization networks.

5. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT

Stakeholders

Since the original conceptualization of the project, the establishment of the InstitutionalNetwork has had as its main objective the strategic integration of all the experiencespreviously developed by all the member organizations regarding the sustainable managementof natural resources in the region. At that time, the establishment of the Network wasenvisioned as an opportunity to develop and present a solid proposal to ensure theimplementation of critical initial steps for the conservation of outstanding biodiversitycontained at the Province of Pastaza.

23


The organization of the Instotutional Network, as members of the Plastaza IndigenousPeoples Organization (OPIP), have as a main mandate to carry out any planning processthough direct participation and consultation with indigenous communities as directbeneficiaries. This project has had a long period of preparation mainly because it has beendeveloped in fully consultation with beneficiary indigenous communities and the organizationrepresenting them.

Following this principle, , the Network organized several workshops with members ofbeneficiary communities to present in broad lines the proposal and establish as generalguidance for further processing the project's goal, objectives and activities. During theseworkshops, it was agreed that a project technical team would take the lead of the preparationof the Project Brief and would be established with one representative of each organizationmember of the Network.

With the information obtained during these initial workshops and in permanent consultationwith specialized NGOs, the project team prepared a first draft document with the project'sbasic information. This basic document was analyzed and revised at several workshopstogether with the communities involved in the project, Network members and environmentalexperts from local NGOs and the Government. After several consultations, a final version wasdiscussed and validated.

In addition, several meetings took place between the Network members and potential co-financiers, reaching to a final agreement with the co-financiers presented in this MSP.

To design the Management Plans and implement the sustainable resource managementprogram, technical consultations with other institutions will take place, including the Ministryof the Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Fundaci6n Natura, Eco-ciencia, the Ecodevelopment Institute for the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (initials in Spanish,ECORAE) and universities, who are experienced in developing methodologies to designmanagement plans, soil use and forest resource management.

6. INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS

Baseline Scenario

The total baseline scenario is estimated at US 5, 4,035,000 and consists of:

1. Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity Conservation Programs:

Local NGOs and indigenous communities will implement several conservation strategiescombined with local development initiatives in the Yasuni National Park. The Park occupiesabout 15 percent of the territory of the Pastaza Province (300,000 hectares) and it is inhabitedby several indigenous and local communities. The Fondo Ecuatoriano PopulorumProgressium (FEPP) and Fundacion Ecociencia will develop several conservation programscombined with land tenure issues, training and local development initiatives. In addition, theUniversidad San Francisco de Quito and the UJniversidad Cat6lica del Ecuador will continuedeveloping scientific research and training programs that were initiated several years ago.These NGOs and academic institutions will implement their programs in direct collaborationwith several indigenous and local communities of the region. These investments will amountin the following years US $ 3,000,000".

24


2. Consolidation and Dissemination of Socio-Environmental Information

There are some data collection efforts underway. In particular, PRODEPINE's NorthAmazon Regional Office has included in its year 2000 operational programn a socioeconomicdiagnosis of Pastaza, and to preparation of local development plans (LDP) for severalcommunities, including those ones that will participate in this project. This socio-economicinformation as well as LDPs will integrate the proposed MSP's communal managementplans. (US $ 5,000). In addition, the Agricultural Census Project, implemented by MAG andINEC, aims to improve the availability and use of data for decision-makers in the agriculturalsector. This project would provide information on land-use that will support natural resourcesuse planning within territories of Pastaza communities (US $ 30,000).

3. Training on Natural Resource Management and Sustainable Use

The Natural Resource Management Program for the Indigenous Territories of Pastaza,financed by the European Community Commission and executed by the OPIP, has as its mainobjective to consolidate the organizational and technical capacity of the Pastaza communities,with the aim to enable them to plan the management of their territories and its naturalresources and implement development programs based on the sustainable management of theresources in those territories (US $ 1,000,000).

Baseline scenario analysis

Some broad-based planning tools will be used to generate local community developmentplans for the communities participating in the proposed MSP. The baseline scenario wouldalso allow the implementation of important cooperative conservation programs between localNGOs and indigenous communities in a 250,000 hectare segment of the Pastaza region. Theseplanning and implementation activities will start to build the foundation for effectivemanagement of Pastaza region. Limited, ad hoc, and narrowly focused efforts to collectioninformation needed for effective natural resource management would take place as well.Under the baseline scenario, some training activities, focused on a narrow set of skills, wouldhelp to build the organizational and technical capacity of several communities of the Pastazaneeded for natural resource management planning and implementation of sustainabledevelopment programs.

With this foundation, limited global benefits through biodiversity conservation efforts wouldemerge. However, with important gaps in strategic planning and monitoring tools,information (including lessons learned from pilot projects), and training for the indigenouscommunities needed to ensure a sustained biodiversity conservation program for Pastazawould remain. Moreover, these activities do not include the promotion of new socialinvolvement strategies to find sustainable development altematives and adopt efficientmanagement and conservation based on the recovery of traditional indigenous know-how andtechniques. As such, global benefits would be limited and their long-term sustainabilitywould be questionable.

GEF Alternative

Under the GEF Alternative, it would be possible to develop the geographical, biological andsocioeconomic studies needed to develop specific communal management plans for threeselected communities. GEF financing would ensure that this planning process would beparticipatory. Moreover, the GEF Alternative would

:25


ensure local efforts to conserve biodiversity are replicated and integrated throughout theregion. This will be done through a number of ways: (i) creating a strong demonstrationeffect through implementing sustainable management pilot projects; (ii) establishing a Socio-Environment Information Center that was equipped with software and socio-economic andecological information that was readily available for decision-making and management of theregion; and (iii) instituting a training program that had the intensity and the academic levelrequired to attain the local capacity needed to manage these critical ecosystems.

The complete design, participatory validation and partial implementation of a communalmanagement at three selected communities will allow the development of critical initial stepsto the establishment of strategic planning and monitoring tools for the indigenous territoriesof the Pastaza Province. In addition to having a solid conservation strategy at a micro scale(250,000 hectares), this MSP will facilitate the replication and integration of the differentconservation efforts in the macro region ( 2,000,000 hectares).Managemnent plans for theselected communities will be developed on the foundation of local culture, so they willprovide a unique opportunity to increase information base and to add new perspectives toplanning and sustainable development at the three selected communities. Participatory datagathering and social assessments would allow the understanding of their current livelihoodsand traditional use of biodiversity, ensuring cultural preservation and contributing to globaldevelopment knowledge. Traditional knowledge will be incorporated into decisions aboutresource management that would directly affect communities. In this way, the knowledge andunderstanding in the indigenous knowledge systems will become part of the process ofplanning and implementation of pilot projects. In addition, local development strategies willbe established using a bottom-up approach, facilitating the design of programs to better servethe communities' needs.

A fully operational Socio-environment Information Center, with socio-economic andecological information analyzed and available, will allow decision-making and planning ofnatural resources management at the macro region, ensuring the conservation of one of theworld's most outstanding biodiversity. Data gathering and research on traditional means ofresource management will be carried out as high priority, and will constitute useful tool fordevelopment planners. The full implementation of the training program to benefit members often communities will provide the basis for a long-term training, strengthening communities toassume the management of natural resources at their territories. Workshops will be held totrain members of local communities as resource managers, this will ensure a deepunderstanding of cultural means of conservation and strengthen local organization towardsproductive collaboration.

Incremental Cost

The GEF Alternative would comprise a three-year program. Over the implementation period,US $ 1,011,744 is required to achieve the project's objectives, of which US $ 248,744 will beprovided by the Network of local indigenous organizations and partner international NGOs.Thus, US $ 763,000 is requested from GEF as a partial contribution to achieving globalbenefits that will be generated by: i) implementation of critical initial steps to theestablishment of strategic planning and monitoring tools for the indigenous territories of thePastaza, and ii) sustained and continued protection of natural at critical sites of the PastazaProvince resources based on adequate socio-environmental information and well trained localexperts and leaders.

26


Table 1: INCREMENTAL COST MATRIX

Activities Baseline Co-financing GEF Alternative GEFIncrement

Designing and 223,004 809, 484 586,480applying managementplans.

Organizing the Socio- 2,000 85,500 83,500environment InfoCenterTraining 23,740 116,760 93,020Community 1,000,000organization for themanagement of naturalresourcesDesign of local 5,000development programsData gathering for 30,000planning in agriculturalsector.Strategic planning tools 3,000,000at the Yasuni NationalPark

TOTAL 4,035,000 _ 248,744 1,0.11,744 763,000

7. BUDGET

The total cost of the activities included in this project is US $ 1,011,744, of which theproposing entities and the co-financiers of the project will approximately contribute 24,83 %of the financing required to implement the project. The GEF will provide approximately75.17 % to cover incremental costs.

Table 2. Budget per Project Activity

ACTIVITIES CO-FINANCING G CEFNetwork Paz y Solidaridad Watu Broederlijk

Designing and applying 38,000 33,900 121,884 29,220 586,480the management plansOrganizing the 2,000 83,500SocioenvironmentInformation Center for theindigenous territories ofPastazaTraining of human 10,000 2,655 7,805 3,280 93,020resourcesTOTAL 50,000 36,555 129,689 32,500 763.000ImplementationPDF-Block A 25,000TOTAL 50,000 36,555 129,689 32,500 788,000

27


Table 3. Budget per Expenditure Category

Category GEF Own Contribution ProjectTotal

1. TECHNICAL 522,280 Network Paz y Watu Broederlijk 110,778 673,778ASSISTANCE Solidaridad.1.1. Personnel 155,900 15,700 10,400 54,200 14,160 65,000 220,9001.2. Consultancies 211,180 6,400 3,600 10,000 261,9001.3. 57,520 5,900 9,000 8,500 23,400 80,920Transportationand TravelExpenses _

1.4. Workshops 25,920 _ _ 25,9201.5. 18,000 18,000Dissemination1.6.Administratio 53,760 5,400 6,9781 12,378 66,138n and auditing

2. GOODS 127,700 84,766 212,4662.1. BasicInfrastructure 55,000 10,000 29,682 860 40,542 95,5422.2. Equipment 72,700 7,900 8,600 22,024 5,700 44,224 116,924and materials _

3. TRAINING 93,020 10,000 2,655 7,805 3,280 23,740 116,7604. 20,000 20,000UNALLOCATED

TOTAL IMPL. . 763,000 50,000 36,555 129,689 32,500 248,744 1,011,744PDF-Block A - = - 25,000.

TOTAL , =_;__ 1,036,744

8. PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN

Overall Project Arrangements

Each one of the Network member organizations will carry out specific activities andcomponents according to their specialization.

The IQBSS and the Centro Tecnol6gico de Recursos Amaz6nicos (CTRA) will beresponsible for supervising the preparation of the communal management plans of the threeselected communities. For the preparation itself of management plans and the socialassessment, a specialized firms or NGOs will be contracted. For the implementation of themanagement plans, all the members of the Network will be directly involved also accordingto their areas of expertise.

Training specifically related to the preparation of flora and fauna inventories will be carriedout under an interinstitutional agreement that will be signed between IQBSS and FundacionEcoCiencia, the later has developed an important experience in ethnobiological research.

28

Ecuador: Conservation ofBiodiversity in Pastaza

Training at workshops and courses will be performed by Network institution members and bythe consultants hired to implement the various activities. Higher education training fortechnical staff will take place at universities according the expertise required.

The establishment of the Socio-environmental Information Center will be under thesupervision of the IQBSS and the Instituto Amazanga, with the support of specializedconsultants. Training to community members related to the input, updating and use of theinformation will be carried out by the Instituto Amazanga and Fundacion OMAERE.

For the implementation phase, an Implementing Unit will be organized, made up of anExecutive Director, who will be an IQBSS member, and three experts and members of theNetwork, who will conduct the project's activities. The technical staff will become involvedaccording to the implementation plan and the expertise required. For the administrative andfinancial management, a Public Accountant and an Accountant assistant will be incorporatedto the unit.

Project activities would be executed following the Implementation Plan show in Table 4.

29


Table 4: Project Implementation Plan

ACTIVITIES 1YEAR [YEAR 2 TYEAR 3______________________ Ii 21 31 41 5I 61 71 81 9110111112[ 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91101111121 11 21 31 41 5I 61 71 81F -9Fl OTIlTi

1.Deinigand applying environmental ] llllIl[tt[III[IT I[I managemient plans:[L.1. Physical and Geographical Surveys llItttI[1 1 1[IT I[1-.2. Biological Studies V F K E K 1 i K K V 1[1-.3. Social assessments T 1 I -nI III[ I TI[1.4. Designing the management plans T111V--7i-I----E1IT[[K-----[1.5. Implementation of management plansT i11T ii_______________________________[1.6. Information Disssemination 1 ~ T T 7 1 lI~ l~ I~ l~ I I ~1

2.Ognzn the socio-environment information11111 1111111FIIIF1[11112. 1. Purchase of hardware and softwarellTT E iiI iII[[[[[i112.2. Design of database TIT T~11I1II[[l1[1[12.3.Design of GIS[T11 U1111II[[tt Kl F12.4. Implementation of GIS. T1 1 1F 2T . T raining [ V V V V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

13. Training of human resources: [[ 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I II I I I I I I I FTI I I 1 I I I IT13.1. Communities' technical staff3-.2.Network specialists EV1TT 1T1 I7 111[IK[ F

13-.3. C-ommunity workshops ~ W I h U1 V V ~ 1Ui[13.4. C-ollege education

F3-5.Network workshops, project evaluation I I I I I * I l I I * I I I I14. Monitoring and Evaluation: Illl[TI]]1 1I~IIV[f14. 1. Internal evaluation: Project management I[ E [ I m IUI T 1 UI 11 U I IUm I IUm I IE[K 114.2. External evaluation: Biological monitoring IIIlII I[II[I[II IVIITI1II I1IITFI I I I EI IE.15. Financial auditing. LILT-TIL . [I[I[I[ I I I fh II I II II I I IIIIIIf IIII I I I IZI lIZ

30


Financial Management

IQBSS has a system for the registration and processing of the accounting and financialinformation, this allows the control of management, accounting, budgetary, treasury, fixedassets and inventories, as well as the issue of financial reports of each project.

Project financial statements will include a general balance, statement of incomes andexpenses, statement of receipts, sources and uses of funds by expenses categories and projectcomponents, as well as the balance of the special account. The income and expensesstatement will show actual payments against those budgeted. IQBSS will maintain separaterecords and accounts for project expenditure as well as a register of assets purchased withgrant funds, according to broadly accepted accounting standards.

Procurement

IQBSS, will be responsible for carrying out procurement of goods, works and servicesaccording to the Procurement Plan detailed in Table 1. IQBSS has established a procurementsystem for hiring consultants and for purchases of good and services, which have beenreviewed by the Bank during the institutional capacity assessment carried out at an early stageof project preparation, which established that the existing capacity of IQBSS is satisfactory toprocess and implement the contracts to be financed by the grant.

Procurement under the Grant will be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines;Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits and the Guidelines, Selection andEmployment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers (revised in April 2002).

Disbursement and Auditing

Disbursements will be released in three annual tranches. Table 3-Attachment 3 providesdetails of the proposed schedule of grant disbursements, including target dates.

Auditing of the project accounts will be done following Bank's standard guidelines and termsof reference. The Special Account will be audited, in accordance with appropriate auditingprinciples consistently applied, by independent auditors acceptable to the Bank. Audit reportswill be sent to the Bank no later than six months after the end of IQBSS's Fiscal Year.

9. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PLAN

Stakeholder Identification

There are numerous beneficiaries of the project. For example, the mapping survey coveringall the indigenous territories in Pastaza and the information that would be generated by theSocio-environment Information Center will benefit all 138 communities in Pastaza, and serveas the basis for future strategic planning of the entire Province of Pastaza. NGOs who arecurrently financing sustainable development projects at the indigenous communities ofPastaza will also benefit in terms that project investments will be done within the frameworkof community management plan programs.

In addition, other communities outside Pastaza will benefit from management plan modelsand methodologies prepared by the indigenous communities themselves, which may bereproduced by NGOs at other indigenous communities with whom they work at theEcuadorian Amazon region and throughout the Amazon basin. Similarly, the project'scommunal environmental management plans will also strengthen sustainable resource usesand national conservation programs that the Ecuadorian State is implementing through its

31


various entities, including the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Agricultureand Livestock, as well as local non-government organizations who are implementingprograms related to Amazon biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.

Stakeholder Participation Strategy

As already mentioned in section 5, during the preparation phase, the IQBSS organized severalworkshops with members of beneficiary communities and Network technical staff to establishthe project's goal, objectives and activities. With this material, the technical team, made up ofone member from each Institution, prepared a document with the project's basic information.This document has been analyzed at workshops by the communities involved in the project,Network members and environmental experts from Ecuadorian NGOs and representativesfrom the Ministry of the Environment.

For the implementation phase, a technical tearn of three people will be established, who willassist the experts in performing the studies related to physical, biological and socioeconomicaspects. These teams will also conduct the activities involved in applying the managementplans at their respective communities and will participate together with the experts inbiological monitoring and the assessment of project results.

Community members involved will participate by analyzing, making decisions andperforming project activities, from the study phase of physical, biological and socioeconomicissues to plan design and implementation. To achieve community involvement, workshopsand courses will be organized according to planned project activities, thereby ensuring theplan's application and the sustainable management of resources within their territories. As forthe implementation of the pilot projects for the management of selected species of flora andfauna, the community will be directly responsible for supervising and reporting results.

The activities developed under this MSP will be carefully articulated to programs currentlyunder implementation by national and international NGOs to strategically integrate relevantefforts at the region. Also, a linkage of project activities to national government programs incoordinating with local authorities will ensure a direct and committed participation of thecentral Government and local authorities.

Information Dissemination

With the aim to promote replication throughout the region of the project activities in the threetargeted communities, the dissemination of information related to project administration,activity monitoring, results assessment, Project's goal and objectives will be performedthrough a) workshops organized during the Project's implementation, involving Networkinstitutions; the communities participating in the project; leaders of Ecuadorian indigenousorganizations; representatives from the World Bank, GEF, the Ministry of the Environmentand project co-financing entities; and b) through the publication of management plans andresults of the forest resource management program.

10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN

Monitoring of Project Activities

Project management will comprise monitoring activity performance and financialimplementation plans. This type of monitoring will be performed quarterly by the Directorsof Network Institutions and by the Project's Implementing Unit. These entities will prepare areport of the results achieved, which will be analyzed at the workshops with those involved inproject implementation. Monitoring reports will be used to improve project performance,

32


learn from experience, and take timely corrective actions to optimize expected results. Tomonitor project activities, the IQBSS will use Project Manager software and personnel trainedin applying the software, which will enable perfoming activity progress, cash flow andtiming analysis.

Evaluation

The project will be evaluated at the end of each project stage, i.e. design of management plansfor communal territories and implementation of the sustainable management program foridentified conservation areas and flora and fauna species. The results achieved for eachactivity will be evaluated, together with the fulfillment of the goal and objectives proposed forthe project. These evaluations will be performed every six months by the Directors ofNetwork institutions, who will prepare a report that will be submitted to the World Bank andanalyzed at evaluation workshops in which representatives from the Ministry of theEnvironment, co-financing NGOs, Network members, provincial and regional indigenousorganizations and the communities involved in the project will participate.

33


Annex 1: Terms of Reference for the Social Assessment

Social assessments will be carried out in the following steps:

Problem identification: this initial step will be done through consultations representatives fromaffected communities, NGOs and CSOs working in the area, local authorities, experts on localissues.

Assessment design: at this stage, problems previously identified will be used to formulate keyquestions that will be relevant for project implementation. A basic section in the design is thedescription of affected populations: who are project beneficiaries and stakeholders; what are theirincomes and livelihood; what are their income sources an how these affect conservation.

Data gathering: Several data gathering tools would be used: gathering of preexisting information(publications, reports, maps, etc.); surveys of local populations; ancl interviews to localindigenous leaders, key informants, political leaders, public representatives, and specialists. Otherinstruments will be participatory, involving directly local communities and thereby building localcapacity. The following information will be gathered:

* biodiversity conservation project description, which will include people and communitiesinside and surrounding the area of influence of the MSP, through use of nature zoning andhistorical mapping of land use changes; modes of access to resources, project coverage andmajor biological features with significant human interventions;

* ethnic communities and settlements in project's area of influence;

* demographic information, its distribution throughout the area of influence and composition(age and gender); growth rates; migration patterns;

* tenure and natural resource management, including legal definitions; inheritance patterns andcustomary social practices; customary political and administrative controls over resourcesaccess and use;

* economic livelihood and production systems, including dominant livelihood; forms of incomeearning; marketing; labor sharing; labor pro File by gender and age; labor availability; role ofwomen in production and conservation;

* local social capital and socio-political organization, organization's adscription to regionaland national indigenous organizations, sectional governments at the municipal level; resourceallocation and solidar redistribution systems;

* household characteristics, including household formation, size, composition, livelihood,tenure and inheritance patters; family settlements history; impacts on household of outsideinterventions; woman-headed households;

* participation and consultation procedures; customary process for leaders' nominations;formal and non formal basis for community participation; consultation methods; decisionmaking process at community level; formal and non formal accountability; perceptions ofparticipation in conservation; attitudes towards conservation and the environment.

34


Data Analysis: Upon completion of the data gathering process, a diagnosis analysis will beperformed on the following areas: (i) current sustainable resource management practices andpotentially destructive human uses of natural resources; (ii) uncontrolled encroachment of humanpopulation into project sites/critical ecosystems, (iii) poverty in areas surrounding projectsites/critical ecosystems; (iv) insecure resource use rights. Indigenous communitiesrepresentatives will be encouraged to participate in diagnostic analysis.

Information feedback: Once the analysis is ready, it will be presented for review and discussionduring workshops with stakeholders and local representatives to encourage local participation inthe design of sustainable management plans. The results of workshops will be the basis for thedesign of the management plans for the three selected indigenous communities.

Report writing and presentation: the social assessment reports will include analysis andrecommendations for dealing with problems identified, including alternative solutions. Suchrecommendations will be the basis for the formulations of the community management plans.Member of project executing organizations will cliscuss the report with local communities.

35


Ecuador: GEF Medium-Sized Project: Conservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza

Annex 2: Principles and Guidelines for Natural Resources Management by Indigenous theCommunities of Pastaza

Introduction

The Pastaza Province has a total extension of 29.773,70 km2, it is located at the South Easternregion of Ecuador and represents 22 percent of the Amazon Region territory. This province hasabout 56,000 inhabitants, 23,000 living in urban areas and 33,000 at rural areas. The populationdensity has been estimated at 1.87 inhabitants per square kilometer. The annual populationgrowth rate between 1982 and 1990 was estimated at 4.8 percent, as result of the migration fromother regions of the country caused by soil desertification and loss of cultivation land. ThisProvince holds a total of 138 indigenous communities.

Pastaza has been traditionally inhabited by four indigenous groups: Quichua, Shiwiar-Achuar andZapara, who posses legalized land. Between 1964 and 1992, a total of 2,210,887 hectares werelegalized, representing 74 percent of the Pastaza Province. These territories are distributed asfollows: 2,085,985 belong to indigenous communities and 124,902 to colonists (colonos) . About500,000 hectares remain without legal title.

This Province lacks of private or government administered protected areas. Even though severallocal organizations, including indigenous organizations, have developed some programs aimed atthe sustainable use of natural resources, these efforts have not been enough to ensure a sustainedconservation strategy. Even though this project does not entail the formal establishment ofprotected areas, this initiative will strategically complement the government's and other privateefforts to conserve critical ecosytems of Ecuador's Amazon Region.

To sustainably manage outstanding biodiversity mainly contained at selected sites covering250,000 hectares, the indigenous peoples of Pastaza and indigenous technical institutionsconsider that management planning of communal territories is urgent, including theimplementation at a pilot level of sustainable management programs for flora and fauna species,and training of community members to be able to carry out the management of the naturalresources contained in their territories.

Considering that Pastaza is mainly occupied by indigenous communities, this project provides aunique opportunity to set up guidelines for a strategy to conserve biodiversity combiningindigenous traditional knowledge and practices with modern technology. From previousexperiences with local development plans and given the high level of organization of indigenouscommunities in Ecuador, the integration of their members to planning process consolidate theirposition to take direct responsibility of the implementation of management plans.

The overall objective of the project is to carry out in-situ conservation and management of theecosystems and the biodiversity found in the Southeastern Amazon forest of selected indigenouscommunities of Pastaza. The project will specifically:

a. Carry out territorial zoning, together with the conservation of ecosystems and in-situbiodiversity, within representative areas of the selected indigenous communities ofPastaza and to encourage the sustainable use and management of Amazon forestresources, based on applied collective research on indigenous know-how and their

36


traditional systems of access to, use and management of natural resources. The projectwill support the preparation of management plans for three selected indigenouscommunities (Nina Amarun, Yana Yacu and Shiona), comprising geographic, biological,socioeconomic and cultural studies; environmental protection community programs andcollective monitoring and impact evaluation methodologies, including the pilotimplementation of sustainable management projects for selected species of flora andfauna;

b. Provide accurate information for planning and decision-making for the long-termmanagement of the indigenous territories of Pastaza. The project will support theestablishment of a socio-environmental information center to plan, administrate andmonitor the indigenous territories of Pastaza;

c. Strengthen the environmental administration capacity of indigenous communities bytraining their human resources in collective methodologies of environmental diagnosis,planning, administration, monitoring and evaluation, and by providing specializedtraining to Network specialists at colleges and higher learning centers. The project willfinance a training program for members of ten communities comprising planning,monitoring, administration and sustainable use of natural resources.

Overall Framework

No involuntary physical displacement is foreseen in the context of this project and will not bepart of management plans designed for each selected community. The project will supportactivities guaranteeing the local livelihoods sustainability based upon the ongoing customarypractices among indigenous communities.

As mentioned above, this project is the result of a wide consultation among indigenousbeneficiaries. In this sense, the project responds to the beneficiaries identified alternatives onnatural resources management. The project is taking into consideration previous effortsdeveloped to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources in Pastaza and the characteristics ofthe Amazon ecosystems of Ecuador. Local indigenous organizations have envisaged mechanismsthat guarantee the compatibility of the biodiversity conservation objectives with human presencewithin the Pastaza Province. In doing so, the process of delimitation, zoning and preparation ofmanagement plans for selected indigenous territories is based on the documented consultation anddecision making with the local population. Such participation ensures the feasibility ofsustainable management in their territories and its social sustainability.

The implementation process will stress a participatory methodology, through an early andongoing involvement of the beneficiaries' to assure strict implementation of the community'sdecisions, and avoiding any imposed alternatives on resources management. This means that noone (individuals or communities) will have to participate in the implementation of the proposedmanagement plans against their will, thus no involuntary economic displacement will take place.

Following this framework, the proposed project will seek to harmonize the indigenous traditionalpractices, biological and social research and innovative mechanisms for natural resourcesmanagement with the conservation of globally important ecosystems. However, in case ofexceptional, unavoidable situations that might create conflicts of use affecting indigenouspopulations within the project area, concerted strategies will be established aiming at theresolution of these conflicts without affecting the rights of the population while ensuring the

37


objectives of sustainable management of indigenous territories. No displacement of population iscontemplated.

Principles for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Minimizing Inmpacts on Local Ecosystems

The social assessments will be carried out in each selected community as described in Annex 1.and they will allow to identify the ongoing practices of the resident indigenous communities inorder to avoid conflicts that could be existing between the natural and social environments.

In the event that a specific ecosystem within the three selected communities is exposed in somedegree, whether as a result of its fragility, or when the system is particularly important forpreservation purposes, the possibility of limiting access to the ecosystem or to the use of itsresources will be analyzed an consulted with the community members during the preparation ofmanagement plans. When practices or behaviors that negatively affect the ecosystem areidentified, specific mechanisms will be developed to modify them in conjunction and agreementwith local community members. Those behaviors and practices that are harmonious with thesustainable management of ecosystems will be encouraged through the preparation of themanagement plans and the training program. Practices and mechanism will be defined throughconsultations and assuring a participatory process on decision making.

Consultation and Participation

To assure the quality of the participatory process a technical team comprised of bilingual(Spanish and ethnic language) persons (one from each selected community) will be established.These local persons will supervise and at the same time will assist the experts in performing thestudies related to physical, biological and socioeconomic aspects. They will also conduct andfacilitate the interlocution between external experts and local community members, by takingpart on the activities involved in applying the management plans. They will assure that thecommunities members. (men and women) will participate together with the experts in biologicalmonitoring and the assessment of project results.

In addition, representatives of the selected comrimunities will participate by analyzing, makingdecisions and performing project activities, from the study phase of physical, biological andsocioeconomic issues to management plan design and implementation. lTo achieve communityinvolvement, workshops and courses will be organized according to planned project activities,thereby ensuring the plan's application and the sustainable management of resources within theirterritories. As for the implementation of the pilot: projects for the management of selected speciesof flora and fauna, the community will be directly responsible for supervising and reportingresults.

The activities developed under this project will be carefully articulated to programs currentlyunder implementation by national and international NGOs to strategically integrate relevantefforts at the region. Also, a linkage of project activities to national government programs incoordinating with local authorities will ensure a direct and committed participation of the centralGovernment and local authorities. Finally, it will also take into account private relevantinitiatives.

38


Respect for Cultural Standards

Given that this project has been proposed and will be implemented by indigenous organizationsin consultation and agreement with the beneficiary indigenous communities, the proposedactivities have been designed to ensure and safeguard cultural, social and economic rights of theindigenous peoples that live in Pastaza.

Determining Population's Use and Access to Local Natural Resources

As described in Annex 1, the management plans for the selected communities will include adiagnostic of the population living in the project's area of influence. These plans will determinethe mechanisms and initiatives that will be used to achieve the harmonization betweenbiodiversity conservation and the human presence Pastaza indigenous territories.

In order to avoid limitations to the use of, or access to specific resources, the following actionswill be contemplated under the management plans:

* Census and Socio-economic and Cultural Study: following the terms of referencedescribed in Annex 1, a detailed socio-economic assessment, of the affected populationwill be carried out, including information about the demographic characteristics (numberof people, sex, age), social information (kinship, type of family or social unit, educationallevel, occupation, workplace) and economic information (income source and level). Thesocial organization and the cultural features of the population will also be analyzed.

* Analysis of Current and Proposed Systems of Use and Access to Natural Resources:Specific alternatives proposed under the management plans will be carefully analyzed toavoid impacts on the current systems of the use or access to natural resources. Thesealternatives and the criteria used to select them will be identified, validated and agreedwith the participation of the communities affected. Acceptance, together with the type ofsolution offered, will be recorded in a signed document.

Monitoring and Evaluation

A socio-environmental information center wil be developed under Component 2 to supportresearch and planning required for the conservation of biological diversity and the rational use ofnatural resources in the indigenous territories of Pastaza. The information center will enable theprovision of technical assistance to the various indigenous communities within the region interms of planning and sustainable management of the resources in their territories.

At the center's database, all the information collected to develop the baseline studies for themanagement plans will be systematized and analyzed. Among other issues, this information willallow the design of a system to measure, monitor and evaluate local people's behavior towardnatural resource management and use, together with the empowerment achieved by thecommunities in accessing and sustainably using biodiversity resources. The indicators will bedefined in consultation with members of the selected the communities.

39


Ecuador: GEF Medium-Sized Project: Conservation of Biodiversity in Pastaza

Annex 3: Environmental Analysis

The overall objective of the project is to carry out in-situ conservation and management of theecosystems and the biodiversity found in the Southeastern Amazon forest of selected indigenouscommunities of Pastaza. The project components are not expected to have any significantnegative impacts on the environment. Field small constructions that will be carried out by IQBSSand communities members are very small scale, basically involving the rehabilitation orimprovement of existing facilities for local technical staff and for flora and fauna researchprograms. Community-based productive activities (pilot production of selected species of floraand fauna in community plots) are not expected to have any significant irnpacts, since they willbe developed in dedicated areas within the three selected communities and with the purpose ofensuring the conservation of the selected species.

Small Infrastructure

Limited civil works will be undertaken in specific areas of selected communities consisting ofimprovement of existing facilities for local technical staff and for flora and fauna researchprograms. No new buildings will be constructed, existing buildings will be rehabilitated orimproved and will be usually located in previously planned, dedicated sites, within alreadyinhabited areas. Consequently, removal of natural vegetation will not take place at all.Nevertheless the following environmental procedures will be followed:

Zoning of Management Plans

The management plans will include zoning maps with a clear identification of sites where smallinfrastructure could be developed. Following the same participatory methodology for thepreparation of the management plan, the zoning will also be subject to consultation withstakeholders and the sites identified for small infi-astructure will be described and mapped.

Consultation with Local Stakeholders

This process will become part of the overall participatory methodology applied for thepreparation of management plans.

Environmental Screening

The sites identified for the rehabilitation of small infirastructure will be screened for the followingaspects:

a) Encroachment or reduction of natural vegetation;b) Potentially unacceptable nuisances such as dust, solid and liquid wastes, and,c) Potential issues related to natural hazards such as floods or instability.

As far as possible, selected sites should provide opportunities for environmental enhancement andthe promotion of environmentally sustainable technologies and concepts. The architecturaldesigns should incorporate and reinforce the criteria of environmentally friendly buildings.

40


Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

In order to significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts, the most feasible and cost-effective measures will be proposed. This will allow to: i) identify all anticipated significantadverse impacts; and ii) describe and develop technical details of each mitigation measure,including an estimation of potential impacts of these measures.

Environmental Rules for Contractors

Environmental rules will be incorporated in the contracts and will cover the following aspects:

a) the maintenance of systems of collection and disposal of solid and liquid wastes;including recycling systems and the classification of materials;

b) materials procurement guidelines to avoid environmentally hazardous materials of thecollection of construction materials from sensitive areas;

Community Based Productive Activities

These activities will consider the following aspects:

i) will be developed on a pilot basis, comprising small groups of about 10 to 12 familieseach;

ii) the phytogenetic gardens will be located in areas already degraded or underagricultural use. No agroforestry activities are envisaged and therefore there will beno removal of native forest;

iii) all selected plant species will be organic products, no pesticides will be used

Monitoring and Evaluation

Component 2 contemplates the establishment of a socio-environmental information center tosupport research and planning required for the conservation of biological diversity and therational use of natural resources in the indigenous territories of Pastaza. The information centerwill enable the provision of technical assistance to the various indigenous communities within theregion in terms of planning and sustainable management of the resources in their territories.

Among other specific actions, biological monitoring systems will be tested at the three selectedcommunities, with the purpose of measuring and verifying any changes in the abundance anddistribution of indicator species in the ecosystems and conservation habitats defined in thecommunities as a result of project activities. Monitoring systems will be designed withparticipation from the communities, local peoples will participate in the monitoring process,including data collection and analysis.

Biological Monitoring will be basecl on the biological indicators selected during the inventorystage, including endangered species, key species to ecosystem development, and the speciessensitive to human presence and/or activities.

41


Attachment 1. Additional Information on the MSP Project Proposer.

Full Legal name of the Institution

Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia Sacha Supai IQBSS

Background

Date Legally Established: IQBSS was established by Ministerial Decree No. 003265 from theMinistry the of Social Welfare, dated July 10, 1992.

General Purpose: Promote the conservation of the Amazon ecosystems, through scientificresearch and formulation and application of environmental managementplans of the indigenous territories.

Mission: Contribute to the strengthening of a sustainable development model, based inthe territorial and natural resources administration, based on indigenousknowledge and practices as to integrate the economic, social and culturaldevelopment of the indigenous communities to the objectives of conservationof the Amazon ecosystems.

Type of Organization

IQBSS is a non-for-profit indigenous organization. It is an autonomousentity, legally represented by a Managerial Committee, composed by anExecutive Director, an Academic Coordinator and an AdministrativeCoordinator. Its principal decision body is the Assembly integrated by all themembers of the Institute (researchers, technicians, shamans and members ofthe Managerial Committee). The head office is located in the Yana YacuQuichua Community, in the Pastaza Province. The coordination/liason officeis located in Quito.

The Institutional structure of the IQBSS

The organic structure of IQBSS is integrated by the following levels:

* Directive;* Executive;* Technical; and,* Operational

Directive Level

Corresponds to the directive level which formulates the politics, guidelines and norms for anefficient administration and institutional management.

Is integrated by:

* The General Assembly; and,

42

Ecuador: Conservation of Biodiversity int Pastaza

* The Directive Committee

The General Assembly of IQBSS is the maximum deliberative organisrn of the institute, it iscomprised by all the members that subscribed the Constitution Minutes, (researchers, technicians,shamans and members of the Directive Committee).

The Directive Committee of IQBSS is the directive organism, its members are elected by theGeneral Assembly, been nominated for its positions of Executive Director, AcademicCoordinator and Administrative and Financial Coordinator. They are assigned to their positionsfor a period of two years and could be re elected for an additional consecutive period.

Executive Level

Corresponds to the executive level to manage, plan, administer, execute, monitor and evaluate theplans, programs and projects according to politics and guidelines that came from the GeneralAssembly and the Directive Committee.

Is integrated by:

* The Executive Management

Technical Level:

These areas have to coordinate, support, and advise to the Directive, Executive and OperationalLevels.

It is composed by the following areas:

* Academic;* Natural Resources and Sustainable Developrnent; and,* Administrative - Financial, composed by:

> Administrative & Financial Coordinator> Accounting; and,> Secretariat

Operational Level:

Comprise several units responsible of executing, controlling and coordinating the activities thathelp to develop plans, programs and projects in the cultural, educational, scientific andsustainable development areas.

It is includes the following Divisions:

* Scientific and technological research;

* Training;

* Planning and environmental management; and,* Project's Technical Unit, composed by:

1 Coordinator;1 Accountant; and,

43


1 Assistant

NAMES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE DIRECTIVE COMMITEE

Executive Director: Alfredo Vitery GualingaAcademia Coordinator: Alexandra Toledo DuarteAdministrative Coordinator: Rosa C. Vacacela Quishpe

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL

Accounting Unit: Myriam Heredia LozanoAdministrative Assistant: Cirla Santi Gualinga

TECHNICIANS

Scientific & Technological Research: IvCmn Jacome (Doctor in Biology)

Training: Tito Merino Gayas (Education Specialist)

Planning & Environmental Management: Ximena Landazuri (Environmental Ecomonomist)Project's Technical Unit: Victor Vacacela (Agricultural Engineer)

44


Recent Programs / Projects / Activities

(a) Conservation and Sustainable Use Project of the genetic resources of the Yana YacuIndigenous Communities

This Project was executed during the period 2000-2001. Its objective was to apply a model ofauto sustainable development in the quechua communities of Yana Yacu, based in theconservation, recovering and management of genetic resources "in situ", applying indigenousknowledge and practices.

The main outcomes were:* Establishment of 2 hectares of seedbeds and nurseries with 23 species of edible plants, 26

medicinal species and 10 species of Amazon palms.* Establishment of a communal orchard of 3 hectares, including the farming of 52 species of

native medicinal plants.* Establishment of a community orchard of 3 hectares with farming of 32 species of edible

plants.* Establishment of 3 seedbeds orchards recovering 32 species of Amazon traditional farming

with 92 food varieties.* Construction of the Environment Management & Indigenous Knowledge training program

containing the following modules: (i) planning and management of territories and indigenousecosystems; (ii) management of resources of the Amazon forest in agricultural ecosystems;(iii) design of management plans; (iv) design, management, monitoring and evaluation ofnatural resources management projects; (v') principles of collective rights of indigenouspeoples.

* Training of 24 technicians from 8 communities in Amazon forest resources management inagricultural systems.

(b) Conservation and Sustainable Management Project of Amazon Resources of thePastaza Quechua Communities

This Project is currently in execution with the indigenous communities that are settled in theEcuadorian-Peruvian border in the Pastaza Province. Its main objective is to strengthen thesustainable management of forest ecosystems, as part of indigenous communities' basicsubsistence activities such as hunting and fishing.

It includes the following components:

* Management of 3 forest ecosystems with rich biodiversity, in the communities of Yana Yacu,Nina Amarun and Lorocachi.

* Management of 39 family agricultural ecosystems with edible and medicinal species of theAmazon forest in the communities of Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun, Shiona, Santa Rosa andLorocachi.

* Strengthening of the Ethnobotanic Garden in the Yana Yacu community within 3 types ofcultivars: edible, medicinal and forest species.

* Training of technical teams of 20 communities in planning, management and sustainable useof forest resources.

45


Publications

IQBSS., Nina Riester y Mechthild Bock, Bad Oeynhausen und Yana Yacu. Gemeinsam fur denSchutz der biologischen Vielfalt, Frankfurt, 1998.

Fundaci6n Paz y Solidaridad e IQBSS., Pueblos Indigenas. En: Ecuador: Las propuestas deDesarrollo, Madrid, 2000.

Raul Mideros y Alfredo Vitery, Pueblos Indigenas y Originarios. En: Enciclopedia del Ecuador,Oceano Grupo Editorial, S.A. , Barcelona, 2000.

Vitery, Alfredo, La tierra sin mal: Mds alia de Johannesgurg 2002, en edici6n.

Unpublished Documents

IQBSS. Estudio Ecol6gico de un bosque inundable de Palmas de Tierras Bajas (Muriti Turu), enla comunidad Quichua de Yana Yacu. Pastaza. Quito. 2001.

IQBSS., Estudio de la Diversidad, Etnobotanica y Ecol6gica de un Bosque Colinado o Urcu, enla Comunidad Quichua de Nina Amarun. Pastaza. Quito. 2001

IQBSS., Estudio Botanico de los Purun de la Comunidad Quichua de Lorocachi. Pastaza. Quito.2001

Annual Budget IQBSS ( 2002)

CONSTRUCTION OF 4 SEEDBEDS 13.499,93 13.499,93CONSTRUCTION OF 4 NURSERIES 3.000,00 3.000,00ESTABLISHMENT OF 39 AGRICULTURAL 0,00 0,00ORCHARDSCONSTRUCTION -ETANOBOTANIC 7.695,31 7.695,31GARDEN

jrRA' _ .0)T . 7i 270 5 .2 :

46


Experience with Other Grants Financed Projects.

PROJECT NAME PROJECT OBJECTIVE AMMOUNT IMPLEMENTATIONUS$ PERIOD

01 Fundaci6n Planning of human settlings of 297.000 1993-1995Solsticio/IQBSS frontier indigenous communities

in Pastaza.02 Pau i Strengthening of social 45.000 1995-1996Solidaritat/IQBSS management capacities of the

Pastaza Communities.03 Alianza Para el Conservation of ecosystems and 11.189 1997Clima/IQBSS biodiversity of the Pastaza

Communities.04 Indigenous Recovering and development of 25.000 1998Knowledge the indigenous knowledge for thePrograme ecosystems conservation and theSecretariat, biodiversity of the Yana YacuCanada/IQBSS forest.05 Associaci6 Pau Improvement of the family 46.615 1998i Solidaritat de economy based in the sustainableValencia/IQBSS development of the forest

resources of the Pastazaindigenous communities.

06 AECI/WATU Conservation and sustainable use 123.882 1999-2000Acci6n of the genetic resources of theIndigena/IQBSS Yana Yacu indigenous

communities.07 Fundaci6n Development of bi-national 21.500 2001Solsticio/IQBSS Workshops with Ecuadorian and

Peruvian IndigenousCommunities.

08 Pau I Conservation and sustainable 265.365 2001-2002Solidaritat de management of AmazonCantabria y Resources of the PastazaEuskadi /IQBSS Quechuan Communities.

Auditing and Accounting Procedures

Accounting

IQBSS administrative & financial unit is composed by one Administrative Coordinator, onePublic Accountant and one Accounting Assistant.

IQBSS has an Administrative and Financial unit, with qualified accounting and financial staff, forthe management of all its financial resources. IQBSS has an Accounting and Financial Policiesand Procedures Manual. For the financial administration of general resources and projects IQBSShas an Administrative & Financial Procedures Manual as well as an Accounting and Audit

47


Manual. These manuals have a detailed description of the accounting and financial procedures,accepted by the Ecuadorian Legislation as well as by international donors.

The funds corresponding to each Project are managed following the requirements and proceduresof the financial organisms and in separate bank accounts.

IQBSS has a system for the registration and processing of the accounting and financialinformation, this allows the control of management, accounting, budgetary, treasury, fixed assetsand inventories, as well as the issue of financial reports of each project. The accounting systempermanently generates updated Financial Statements.

Auditing

According to the approved budget, the auditing will be done with funds of the donor institution.

IQBSS selects and contracts an independent auditing firm at the beginning of the projectexecution, this contract lasts during project's implementation period. Audit reports are issues nolater than six months after the end of IQBSS's fiscal year. IQBSS fiscal year goes from JanuaryI st to December 31.

Norms and Procedures for Procuring Goods and Services

For Procuring Goods and Services IQBSS follows th Administrative Manual which describes thepoliticies, principles and procedures to follow for procurement.

Goods

In the purchases politics are stated the quality, characteristics of the goods or services, warrantyconditions, and time of delivery.

For the purchase of goods, at the beginning of each year, its necessary to have three quotations.The supplier with whom IQBSS will work during this year will be selected.

Goods will be purchased according to approved budgetary entries, and according the "shopingmethod" specified in the World Bank Procurement Manual.

In the purchase of goods, as office equipment, computers and machinery, companies with whomwe have had good experience, specially in quality, prices and fulfillment will have the priority.

Authorization limits for the procurement of goods are as follows:

Total Cost Process Responsible$1 to $ 1,000 one quotation Project Director$1001- 10,000 three quotations IQBSS Director$10,001- 25,000 three quotations Procurement Committee9

9 Integrated by: IQBSS Director, Project Director and Admninistrative Coordinator, who preside.

48


Services

For consultants's selection, IQBSS will lay in the foundations of its Administrative Manual, aswell as with the norms stated in the Selection and Contracting Consultants Manual, of the WorldBank, edition revised in January 1999.

In the contracting politics is emphasized IQBSS need of contracting high level staff that isevaluated according to experience, methodology, knowledge of the region and of the Quechuanlanguage.

The selection is the responsibility of the IQBSS Director, together with the Project Director.

Contact persons

Alfredo Vitery, IQBSS's Director.Ximena Landazuri, Project Director, Environmental Economist.ss(&,hoy.net

49


Attachment 2. Procureiment Under the Project

Procurement Implementation:

IQBSS, will be responsible for carrying out procurement of goods, works and services accordingto the Procurement Plan detailed in Table 1. IQBSS has established a procurement system forhiring consultants and for purchases of good and services, which have been reviewed by the Bankduring the institutional capacity assessment canried out at an early stage of project preparation,which established that the existing capacity of IQBSS is satisfactory to process and implement thecontracts to be financed by the grant.

Procurement under the Grant will be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines; Procurementunder IBRD Loans and IDA Credits and the Guidelines, Selection and Employment ofConsultants by World Bank Borrowers (revised in April 2002).

Procurement Planning. A detailed procurement plan is presented in Table 1 below.

Small Works

For the construction of 2 buildings for technicians and infrastructure for fauna management,costing about US $55,000, as these are small *vorks in a distant community of the ecuadorianAmazon, IQBSS will contract workers from local communities (labor services).

Goods

Goods consisting of topographic equipment, equipment and materials for biological studies,communication equipment, solar panels, outboard motors, laboratory equipment and materials,agricultural and phytogenetic materials; hardware, software, materials and equipment for theSocio-environmental Information Center, office materials and supplies, costing about US $96,784 in aggregate will be procured through contracts awarded on the basis of shopping inaccordance with section 3.5 of the Guidelines.

Satellite images and maps costing about $ 10,000 will be acquired by selecting the most recent,clearest images for the area from the only authorized dealer of Landsat images in the country andto the Instituto Geografico Militar, the only national institution authorized to produce officialcartography, respectively.

Edition and printing of publications costing about $18,000 will be awarded on the basis ofshopping, according to Section 3.5 of the World Bank Guidelines.

Consultants' Services

Project Team. The Grant will finance $144,900 to cover the fees and/or salaries of technical andsupport staff responsible for project implementation. Said team will be contracted on a fixed termbasis, following the procedures indicated in Chapter V section 5.2. of the Consultants Guidelines(revised in April 2002). Fees and salaries shall be consistent with local market conditions.

Short Term Individual Consultants. The Project will finance $207,896 to cover the fees of shortterm consultants responsible for the preparation of geographic, biological, socio economic andlegal studies for management plans, organization and management of the socio environmental

50


information center; training; forest resources management, and biological monitoring, will becontracted on a fixed term basis, following the procedures indicated in Chapter V section 5.2.of the Consultants Guidelines (revised in April 2002).

Consulting firms. The independent audit firm costing about $ 18,000 will be selected among thelist of firms approved by the Bank and following Chapter III, section 3.6 of the ConsultantsGuidelines (revised in April 2002).

Non-Consultants' Services

Travel and Transportation. The project will finance about $57,520 to cover travel expenses,including aerial, terrestrial and fluvial transportation as well as per diems. The contracting of airtransportation will be done according to price quotations from different local air companies.Terrestrial, fluvial transportations and per diems will be paid according to mobilization andsubsistence tables, established in the IQBSS Administrative Manual.

Workshops. Supply of services for workshops costing about $25,920, will be contracted directlyat the communities where these events will take place.

Training

Specific courses for members and leaders of local communities and Network's technical staffcosting about $ 36,490 will be contracted following Chapter III, section 3.7 of the ConsultantsGuidelines (revised in April 2002).

The project will finance tuition, travel expenses and subsistence costing about $ 41,730 of post-graduate studies for selected members of communities. The University where selectedbeneficiaries will develop their studies will be selected according to the program offered.

Operational Costs

The Project will finance operational costs costing about $35,760 such as office rent,communications, insurance and maintenance of equipment required for implementation of theproject.

Procurement Records

IQBSS will establish procedures for recording of documentation related to procurementimplementation, including monitoring of contracts for goods and services, modifications,variations, and extension of completion periods. IQBSS will maintain separate records and afiling system by contract acceptable to the Bank.

51


Table 1-Attachment 2. Procurenient Plan for Goods and Services

CAT.E~~~~~RY E~'wpW- T a ITHID Y EW I __U SMALL W(i)RKS - 1 i~OjiME EU

Construction of Yana Yacu's station 20,000 Labor services 2Construction of Nina Amarun's station 15,000 _ Labor services 2 - 3

_ Infraestructure for fauna handling 20,000 Labor services 2 - 3_ _ 111w1 -1111 ---- 11 1i9R.71:l1.- , .-4;1. .s.r .,

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALSEquipment and materials for geographic and physical studies 15,000 Shopping 1(satellite images, printing of maps)

_ Equipment and materials for biological studies 8,000 Shopping 1I |Hardware and software 35,500 _ Shopping 1Communication and movilization equipment (radios, outboard 12,804 Shopping 1 - 2motor, solar panels).Materials and equipment for socio environmental information 10,000 Shopping 1 - 2 - 3center.Laboratory equipment and materials 6,302 _ Shopping 2 - 3Phytogenetic material 14,178 Shopping 2 - 3Publications 18,000 Shopping 2 - 3

AR ,I:(.N--ig-l-es-ki;61 S OTTtU W. OWAs70,i76 n)! yl tS

PROJECT TEAM $144,900Project Director (36 months) 72,000 Individual 1- 2 - 3

consultantAccountant (36 months) 28,800 Individual 1- 2 - 3

consultantAccounting Secretary (36 months) 14,400 Individual 1- 2 - 3

consultantCommunity Assistants, Biological studies (3) (10 months) 9,000 Individual 1- 2

consultantLocal technician, flora management (3) (18 months) 16,200 Individual 2 - 3

consultantCommunity Assistants, monitoring and biological evaluation 4,500 Individual 3(3)(5 months) consultantSHORT TERM INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS _ $207,896 _ _ _

Geographic and physical studies: l

Engineer in Geographic Science 17,696 Individual 1consultant

52


_ Biological Studies: _

Botanist (10 months) 14,000 Individual I - 2_______________________________________________________________ _____________ consultantMastozoologist (10 months) 14,000 Individual 1 - 2

consultantIchtyologist (10 months) 14,000 Individual I - 2

_____________ consultantSocio economic studies:Antropologist (11 months) 15,400 Individual 1 - 2

consultantRegulatory Framework:Lawyer (3 months) 3,500 Individual 1 - 2

consultantPreparation of management plans: _

Botanist (7 months) 9,800 Individual I - 2consultant

Mastozoologist (6 months) 8,400 Individual I - 2consultant

Antropologist (8 months) 11,200 Individual 1 - 2consultant

Biological Monitoring: lBotanist (5 months) 7,000 Individual 3

consultantIchtyologist (5 months) 5,500 Individual 3

consultantAntropologist (5 months) 7,000 Individual 3

consultantMastozoologist (5 months) 6,000 Individual 3

consultant= Flora management:

Agronomist Engineer (18 months) 21,600 Individual 2 - 3consultant

Socio environmental information center:Specialist in GIS (20 months) 22,000 Individual 2 - 3

consultantAssistant for Database (20 months) 16,000 Individual 2 - 3

consultantTraining: _Training coordinator (8 months) 6,400 Individual I - 2

consultantInstructors (6 months) 8,400 Individual I - 2

consultantCONSULTING FIRMS _ 18,000Independent Audit 18,000 Least-Cost 1-2-3

aM _E-_Sfig ; .I83Wf $0 S 3__4_ TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION 57,520

Air transportation 34,848 Shopping I - 2 - 3Terrestrial transportation 3,400 N/A I- 2 - 3_Fluvial transportation 3,740 N/A I - 2 - 3_Per diems 15,532 N/A I - 2 - 3

53


WORKSHOPS 25,920With communities - Elaboration of management plans 8,400 Direct 1 - 2

contractingWith communities - Application of management plans 10,800 Direct I - 2 - 3

contractingNet Workshops - Project evaluation 6,720 Direct I - 2 - 3

contracting5 Tlm __|_| 7,8.m2wX2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-0 6 i ; ! JL',.~~~~ - I - i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~17i Y I J

Training courses for technicians and leaders from selected 21,600 1- 2 - 3communities

Training courses for Network technicians 14,890 1 - 2 - 3Post-graduate degree for selected members of project's 41,730 1 - 2 - 3communities

s6 B;JijsintUI~- M WA)_- I : 35.l,Mo0 14 ' __

Office rent, communication, equipment insurance and 35,760 N/A I - 2 - 3maintenance

TOTAL 763,0001

54


Attachment 3. Technical Progress Reports, Disbursements, Audit andSpecial Account lUnder the Project

Technical Progress Reports

IQBSS will prepare and forward to the Bank annual reports covering progress in achieving theactivities and targets corresponding to each disbursement period, linking them to indicators forproject activities (Table 4). The annual report shall be delivered at least one month prior to theend of the disbursement period.

Disbursements Arrangements

The following table sets forth the Categories of items to be financed out of the proceeds of theGrant, the allocation of the amounts of the Grant to each Category and Financing Percentages.

Table 2: Allocation of Grant Proceeds

Expenditure Category Amount in FinancingUS $ Percentage

1. Small Work 55,000 100%2. Goods 119,784 100%3. Consultants' Services 370,796 100%4. Non-Consultants' Services 83,440 100%5. Training 78,220 100%/06. Operational costs 35,760 100%/'o7. Unallocated 20,000

TOTAL 763,000.00

Closing date: October 31, 2005.

TABLE 3. ESTIMATED SCHEDULE OF GRANT DISBURSEMENTS (US

Cumulative

Bank Fiscal Disbursed Disbursements GrantYear Target Date during FY % of Project Balance

Amount Total

2002 31 -Ago-02 266,172.00 266,172.00 34.88% 496,828.002003 31-Ago-03 316,879.00 583,051.00 76.42% 179,949.002004 31 -Ago-04 179,949.00 763,000.00 100.00% -

Accounting Policies and Procedures

IQBSS will be responsible for maintaining project management arrangements acceptable to theBank including accountant standards, accounting information, internal controls, financialreporting, compliance system, auditing requirements, and a qualified staff.

55


IQBSS will follow these procedures:

a. In November of each year the members of the Network in coordination with IQBSS'sFinancial Director, will prepare the budget for the next year of project implementation.No later than November 30, the budget will be submitted to IQBSS's Executive Directorfor review and approval. The consolidated budget will be approved by December 15 ofeach year.

b. IQBSS's Executive Director and the P'roject Coordinator will authorize any kind ofexpenditure, prior confirming that it is contemplated in the approved annual budget.

IQBSS's Executive Director is responsible of payment authorizations. The following procedurewill be applied prior to approval:

a. Review all original support documentation.b. Review invoices and determine if compliance with local standards demanded by SRI.

For payments:

a. Confirm that the Special Account has the enough funds.b. Review the checks.c. Authorized signatures: IQBSS's Executive Director and Project Coordinator

Cash and Bank

a. All bank transactions must be authorized by two signatures registered at the banks.

b. All bank account sub ledgers have to be updated daily.

c. The bank reconciliation are done as soon as the Bank Statement arrives.

d. The bank reconciliation will be reviewed by IQBSS's Financial Director

Support Documentation

All transactions must be supported adequately and will be maintained one year after theclosing date.

Accounting

IQBSS will establish and maintain project accounts to record all project transactions from thebeginning of the project execution. IQBSS has a system for the registration and processing of theaccounting and financial information, this allows the control of management, accounting,budgetary, as well as the issue of financial reports of each project.

Internal Controls

The internal controls, which were already in place during project preparation, are adequate.These include: i) administrative & financial unit composed by one Administrative Coordinator,one Public Accountant and one Accounting Assistant; ii) authorized signatures for payments; iii)Accounting and Financial Policies and Procedures Manual; iv) Administrative & Financial

56


Procedures Manual; v) Accounting and Audit Manual. These manuals have a detailed descriptionof the accounting and financial procedures, accepted by international donors.

Project Financial Statements and Financial Reporting

Project financial statements will include a general balance, statement of incomes and expenses,statement of receipts, sources and uses of funds by expenses categories and project components,as well as the balance of the special account. The income and expenses statement will showactual payments against those budgeted. IQBSS will maintain separate records and accounts forproject expenditure as well as a register of assets purchased with grant funds, according tobroadly accepted accounting standards.

Audit

Auditing of the project accounts will be done following Bank's standard guidelines and terms ofreference. The Special Account will be audited, in accordance with appropriate auditingprinciples consistently applied, by independent auditors acceptable to the Bank. Audit reports willbe sent to the Bank no later than six months after the end of IQBSS's Fiscal Year.

Special Account

IQBSS will open a dedicated Special Account (SA) in US dollars in a commercial bankacceptable to the Bank. The initial deposit will be of US $ 266,172 corresponding to theestimated GEF eligible expenditures for the first twelve months of the project. The SpecialAccount would be replenished every year in accordance with the procedures set out in the GrantAgreement Letter provided that satisfactory progress and achievements of the annual targetsstated in Table 4 of Attachment 3 have been met.

The annual replenishment application will be sent at least one month prior to the end of thedisbursement period, and will be supported by the following documentation:

(a) reconciled statement from the commercial bank in which the account is establishedshowing all transactions in the Special Account (Statements of Expenditures and theirsupporting documents will be maintained by ESPOL and will be available for Bank stafffor review);

(b) annual reports covering progress in achieving the activities and targets corresponding toeach disbursement period; and

(c) a forecast of Grant funds needed to be covered by the withdrawal application, adjustingfor any under-expenditure during the previous period.

The amounts to be disbursed in tranches 2 and 3 may be amended during the annual reviewprocess, by mutual agreement of IQBSS and the Bank, should project implementation experiencedemonstrate the need for adjustment. Indicators may also be adjusted during the annual reviewprocess prior to the year which they would apply by mutual agreement of IQBSS and the Bank.

57


Table 4- Attachment 3: Progress annual Targets

Project Activity Targets /2002-2003 Targets/2003-2004 Targets/2004-2005Component 1. Design andapply environmentalmanagement plans:1.1. Information gatheringand assessment for thedesign of communalmanagement plans:

Physical and geographical * General Base Map. Areasurveys covering all indigenous

territories of Pastaza. (twomillion hectares). Scale:1:250.000. Content:communities boundaries,rivers, lakes, humansettlements, main andsecondary roads, borderlines, topography(geographic features);settlements; values ofborder lines and elevations(alphanumeric codesassigned).

* Vegetation cover mapincluding all indigenousterritories of Pastaza .(two million hectares).Scale: 1:250.000.Content: Primary andsecondary forests,grassland, wetland andmurui palm (Mauritiaflexuosa) areas.

58


Table 4- Attachment 3: Progress Annual Targets

Project Activity argets /2002-2003 argets/2003-2004 [argets/2004-2005* 1 Base Map of survey

area: Territories of 3communities: YanaYacu, Nina Amarun andShiona. Surface: 250,000hectares. Scale: 1:50.000.Content: Communityboundaries, rivers, lakes,human settlements, mainroads, contour lines,elevations (geographicfeatures; values ofcontour lines andelevations (alphanumericcodes assigned).

. 1 map of current soil usesin survey area:Territories of 3communities. Scale:1:50.000. Content:Primary and secondaryforests, grassland,wetland and muritia palm(Mauritia flexuosa) areas,to be prepared in Imonth.

* Digital Land Model.Area: Territories of 3communities. Scale:1:50.000. Content:Elevations, 3D display,slopes.

. 1 Ecosystem Map: Area:Territories of 3communities. Scale:1:25.000. Content:Surface area of differentidentified ecosystems.

iological studies * Flora and fauna . Flora and faunainventories in 1 inventories in 2commtnity: between 2 communities: between 2and 4 representative and 4 representativeecosystems per ecosystems percommunity. community.

Socioeconomic and cultural * Socioeconomic studies in . Socioeconomic studiesstudies I community on: access in 2 communities on:

to, use of and control access to, use of andover resources in the control over resources inecosystems, including the ecosystems,traditional practices. including traditional

practices.

59



Project Activity argets /2002-2003 = argets/2003-2004 Targets/2004-20051.2. Design of management * I Management plan for * 2 Management plans for * Application of theplans the territories of the Yana the territories of these management plans in the

Yacu community, 120 communities: Nina communities of Yanathousand has. Amarun 80 thousand Yacu, Shiona and Nina

has., Shiona 50 thousand Amarun.has. * Monitoring and

* Application of evaluation ofmanagement plans in the management plans.Yana Yacu and Shionacommunities.

Participatory process in the * 1 workshop for the * 2 workshops (one perdesign and approval of review of above detailed community) for themanagement plans. surveys and initial review of above detailed

general design at the surveys and initialstart-up phase of the general design at theproject start-up phase of the

project* 1 workshop for the * 2 workshops (one per

review and discussion of community) for thedraft management plans. review and discussion of

draft management plans.

* 1 workshop for final * 2 workshops (one perdiscussion and approval. community) for final

discussion and approval.1.3. Biodiversity * 2 pilot management * 1 pilot managementmanagement pilot projects projects, 1 per project, 1 per

community, of selected community, of selectedspecies of flora and species of flora andfauna. fauna.

Biodiversity sustainable * 30 edible species and 10 * 30 edible species and 10management pilot projects medicinal species of the medicinal species of the

Amazon forest under Amazon forest undermanagement, in 12 management, in 8phytogenetic gardens phytogenetic gardenslocated in the located in thecommunities of Yana community of NinaYacu and Shiona. Amarun.

Equipment and basic Purchase of communication * Construction of research * Research stations withinfraestructure for and transportation equipment. stations for technicians field work equipment.management of ecosystems in the Yana Yacu and

Nina Amaruncommunities.

60



Project Activity argets /2002-2003 [ITargets/2003-2004 argets/2004-2005Component 2.Establishment of a socio-environmental informationcenter for the indigenousterritories of Pastaza. US $83.500

Purchase of hardware and . Socio-environmentalsoftware, communication information centerand field equipment. equipmentDesign of geographic * Database designed and * Geographic information * Geographic informationinformation system linked to structured with socio- system applied to system applied tothe socio-enviromnental environmental and environmental plaiming, environmentaldatabase. geographic information. administration, evaluation of the

monitoring and indigenous territories ofevaluation of the Pastaza, in the project'sindigenous territories of second yearPastaza, in the project's implementation.first yearimplementation.

Component 3. Design and * Training programmplementation of a designed for local and

rraining Program on communal staffenvironmental and natural specialized inresources management. US environmental$ 93.020 administration.

* 15 members from the * 15 members from the | 15 members from thecommunities trained in communities trained in communities trained inenvironmental environmental environmentaladministration, during administration, during monitoring andthe management plan the management plan evaluation.preparation process preparation process(include members oi (include members ofthree selected three selectedcommunities and other communities and othercommunities). communities).

l 5 network specialists * 5 network specialists totrained in project trained in projectactivities .(These activities. (Thesespecialists are members specialists are membersof the three selected of the three selectedcommunities and others). communities and others)._

61



Project Activity ITargets /2002-2003 |argets/2003-2004 ITargets/2004-2005 L1 workshop in the Yana * 2 workshops in the * 20 community leadersYacu community for Shiona and Nina trained in environmentalcommunal leaders for the Amarun communities for administration by theapplication of communal leaders for end of the projectmanagement plans. the application of (include members of

management plans. three selectedcommunities and othercommunities).Members from 3selected communitiestrained in applyingenvironmentalmanagement plans bythe end of the project.

* 3 students from the * 3 students from the * 3 students from thecommunities of Yana communities of Yana communities of YanaYacu, Nina Amarun and Yacu, Nina Amarun and Yacu, Nina Amarun andShiona attending college Shiona attending college. Shiona attendingin the first semester of college.the project.

* 2 project evaluation * 2 project evaluation * 2 project evaluationworkshops. workshops. workshops.

62


Table 5-Attachment 4: Implementation PlanACTIVITIES & ACTIONS I Expected impacts Stakeholders involved1. Designing and applying environmental YR 1 YR 2 YR 3management plans:1.1. Information gathering and assessment forthe design of communal management plans:a. Physical and geographical surveys > Base Map and vegetation cover map o > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia,

the territories of the Pastaza indigenous Instituto Amaz6nico de Ciencia ypeople. Tecnologia Amazanga, Organizaci6n

de Pueblos Indigenas de Pastaza andquechuan communities of theprovince.

> Base maps, actual land maps, digital > Instituto Quichua de Biotrecnologia,model of the land and ecosystems maps Organizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenasof the territories of the Yana Yacu, de Pastaza and Yana Yacu, ShionaShiona and Nima Amarun Communities. and Nina Amarun communities.

b. Biological studies - - > Reports of the flora studies done in the > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarun:-- . territories of the Yana Yacu, Shiona and communities and nearby communities;

Nina Amanin cornunuities, that include: Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia ybasic floristic inventories, quantitatives Organizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenas deinventories, resources inventories with Pastaza.economic value and biological indicatorsfor the evaluation

> Reports of the fauna inventories omammals, birds and fish done in the> Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina AmarunYana Yacu, Shiona and Nina Amarun communiteis and nearby communities,

-~~~ ~communities. Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia yOrganizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenas dePastaza.

63


c. Socioeconomic and cultural studies _ Social econonic and cultural studies in > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina AmarunJ - the Y ana ) acu. Shiona and Nina communiteis and nearby communities;

-i '4 - FA .^marun commniuties that include: Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;demographic analysis; organization Organizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenas deform-rus, internal and external community Pastaza.relations, participation forms anddecision making. economic system,

,, Ht7 S W -access Iorms. use. control and ancestralnianagement of the territory, ecosystems,

ffi 33 . :--. resources and changes, productive forns,production social relations,

. X X v .commercialization and exchange.1.2. Design of management plansa. Partcipatory process for the design and appro%aI < VI PI Workshops with the communities to > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarun

of management plans analize problerms identified in the communities, nearby communities;communal territories mapping in the Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;biological, socio cultural and cultural Organizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenas destudies; formulate the scheme and Pastaza and Technological Amazoncontents of the management plans, Resources Center.revision of management plans and

-__ .[< -Rs, ffi ^ _ approval.b. Management plans design -. Management plans of the Yana Yacu, > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarun

Shiona and Nina Amarun communities communiteis and nearby communities;-Ts ! ,. ~ made with the participation of the Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;

communities members. Organizaci6n de Pueblos Indigenas dePastaza and Technological Amazon

-: -:t Resources Center.-4

c. Publicanon of the phNsical. geographical. . - An annual publication of the physical, > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologiabiological, socie economic studies and results ot - geographical, biological and socio Sacha Supai, Technological Amazonthe project execution. economic studies and results of the Resources Center and quechuan

pilot project execution. communities.1.3. Biodiversity sustainable management pilotprojects:a. Execution of projects of management of flora _ _ _ Sustainable management projects o > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarunand fauna selected species in: Yana Yacu, Shiona the flora and fauna of the Amazon communities; Instituto Quichua deand Nina Amarun (I per community. forest managed by the communities. Biotecnologia; Techonological

Amazon Resources Center andinternational NGO's.

64


b. Establishment and management of wildlife > Ecosystems of high biodiversity > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarunconservation areas threatened by over explotation. identify in the management studies in communities; Instituto Quichua de

the Yana Yacu, Shiona and Nina Biotecnologia.Amarun communities.

c. Management of edible and medicinal species in f Phytogenetic gardens with edible and > Yana Yacu, Shiona Nina Amarundanger of extinction from the Amazon forest. medicinal species of the Amazon forest communities; Instituto Quichua de

selected in the flora studies, applying Biotecnologia.the ancestral knowledge.

d. Construction, infraestructure and basic > 2 Infraestructures for technicians duly > Yana Yacu, Nina Amarun communitiesequipment for technicians in the communities for constructed and equipped, located in ; Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia.the monitoring and evaluation of the sustainable the Yana Yacu and in the Ninamanagement of the ecosystems. Amarun communities.2. Establishment of a socio-environmentalinformation center for the indigenousterritories of Pastazaa. Purchase of hardware and software, > Equipped and organized socio > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia andcommunication and field equipment environmental information center. Pastaza quechuan communities.

b. Design of geographic information system linked - > Integrated management of database and > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia andto the socio-environmental data base. application of geographic information Pastaza auechuan communities.

systems in the planning, managementand conservation of indigenous

_______________________________________________ ~territories.c. Monitoring and evaluation of vegetable > Report of the comparative analysis o > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia andcoverage and use of soil of the territories of the the vegetable coverage and use of soil, specialists.Yana Yacu, Shiona and Nina Amarun in the first stage of the project, withcommunities. satellite images at the end of the

project.3. Design and Implementation of a TrainingProgram on environmental and naturalresources management_____a. Design of a formatlon program for conimunir'N > A training program for community> Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;technicians -. . --- technicians in planning, management, Specialists in training and Amazon

I I 1 1 -. 1 monitoring and environmental Resources Technological Center.evaluation.

65


b. Trainings for community technicians > Technicians of 10 communities trained > Pastaza quechuan communities,in planning, sustainable management o Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;resources and existing ecosystems in Specialists in training and Amazonindigenous territories, as well as in Resources Technological Center.monitoring and evaluation oenvironmental impacts.

c. Training courses for net technicians > Net technicians trained at high level in > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia;themes related with project activities. Amazon Resources Technological

J 1 - 11131 1_ 1 ~~~~~~~Center; Instituto Amazonico de deCiencia y Tecnologia Amazanga.

d. Workshops with the communities for the l > Communities applying management > Yana Yacu, Shiona, Nina Amarundiffusion and application of management plans. plans. communities.

e. College education * * * > Three young persons from the Yana> Young persons of the Yana Yacu,Yacu, Shiona and Nina Amarun Shiona and Nina Amarun* *li3 * 1 - IIII - communities with university degree. communities.

f Network workshops, project evaluation * * > Quarterly evaluations of the project > Amazon Resources Technologicalimplementation Center, Instituto Quichua de

Biotecnologia ; Instituto Amaz6mco deCiencia y Tecnologia Amazanga.

4. Monitoring and Evaluation:a. Internal evaluation: Project management > Monitoring and evaluation by the net > Instituto Quichua de Biotecnologia

* 1 1 - 1 - 1 members of the results and objectives Sacha Supai; Amazon Resources* | a lli| proposed in the project. Technological Center; Instituto

Amazonico de Ciencia y TecnologiaI l l l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Amazanga.I

d. Extemal biological evaluation 111MI._ MINE> Monitoring and evaluation o > Instituto Quichua de Riotecnologia andp- ' 1l w lt bioindicators according to structural specialists.

.. _ 11> 5w ..... changes given in time and space,vI->=T5- ' _ | 04 ATP-?'l indicating the system vulnerability.

66

Global Environmental Facility (GEF) - World...

Documents

Transcript of Global Environmental Facility (GEF) - World...