Gilles Noblet L’image des banques ... - Banque de France– la confiance dans la banque centrale...

L’image des banques centrales auprès des opinions publiques

Gilles Noblet

25ème Réunion des Gouverneurs Francophones 23-25 mai 2019, Bordeaux

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www.ecb.europa.eu ©

Structure

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Quelles sont les principales conclusions de l'Eurobaromètre jugées pertinentes pour la BCE?

Quels sont les principaux résultats de l'enquête menée par la BCE auprès des citoyens de la zone euro?

Pourquoi et comment les banques centrales ont elles recours aux enquêtes d’opinion publique?

4 Conclusions

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Pourquoi avoir recours aux enquêtes d’opinion pour les banques centrales?

• La confiance est l’une des clés de voûte du système financier – le terme "crédit" vient du latin credere, signifiant "croire" ou "faire

confiance"; – le terme “monnaie fiduciaire” vient du latin fiducia, confiance.

• Il est donc important de s’assurer que les individus ont confiance dans la monnaie et font confiance à la banque centrale: – la confiance dans la banque centrale [BCE] a été jugée comme l’un

des facteurs significatifs dans la réduction des anticipations d'inflation et dans l'incertitude relative à l'inflation future (Christelis et al, 2017).

• Il est également pertinent de s’assurer de l'image et de la connaissance des activités de la banque centrale: – la connaissance des activités de la banque centrale [BCE] est l’un des

critères soulignant la confiance dans les institutions (Mellina et Schmidt, 2019).

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Pourquoi est-il important pour la BCE de mieux connaître l’opinion des Européens?

• La BCE fait face à un défi supplémentaire: elle est une institution européenne et elle est la banque centrale de 19 États membres:

– le degré d'hétérogénéité des préférences des citoyens de l'UE reste

élevé; de plus, les citoyens associent les identités nationales et européennes, mais continuent de s'identifier plus fortement à leur pays qu'à l'Europe et à l'UE;

– les turbulences financières et économiques au sein de l'Union européenne ont eu un impact considérable sur la manière dont les citoyens européens évaluent les avantages de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne et l'avenir du processus d'intégration (euroscepticisme);

– la confiance des citoyens européens dans le projet européen est essentielle pour parachever l’Union économique et monétaire.

4

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Quels sont les différents sondages d'opinion utilisés par les banques centrales?

• Enquêtes utilisées par la BCE:

– l’ « Eurobaromètre standard » est compilé sur la base d'environ 27500 entretiens conduits face-à-face (~1000 par pays). Cette enquête est complétée par les Eurobaromètres flash et deux sondages du Parlement européen (l’Eurobaromètre au printemps et Parlemètre à l’automne);

– le « Knowledge & Attitudes Survey » est conduit par la BCE une fois par an et se focalise plus précisément sur l’intérêt, la connaissance et les opinions des citoyens de la zone euro envers la BCE.

• Exemples d’enquêtes conduites par d'autres banques centrales:

– « Public Awareness and Communications Survey » de la Banque du Canada;

– « Opinion Survey on the General Public's Views and Behavior » par la Banque du Japon.

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Structure

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1

2

3

Quelles sont les principales conclusions de l'Eurobaromètre jugées pertinentes pour la BCE?

Quels sont les principaux résultats de l'enquête menée par la BCE auprès des citoyens de la zone euro?

Pourquoi et comment les banques centrales ont elles recours aux enquêtes d’opinion publique?

4 Conclusions

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Enquête Eurobaromètre: le soutien pour l’euro s’établit à un niveau record

7

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Question: êtes-vous pour ou contre une union économique et monétaire européenne dotée d’une seule monnaie, l’euro?

Différence entre les proportions de réponses « pour » et « contre »

Chart1

S.99S.99S.99S.99S.99S.99

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Zone euro

DE

FR

IT

ES

EL

45.2007526706

24

42

75

55

44

42.0524399564

19

32

74

54

50

38.5932162628

11

38

67

57

50

31.3341276585

3

30

62

44

49

39.2619053584

15

39

71

46

50

42.6068396071

29

33

65

47

63

55.0802798648

43

39

78

68

64

46.7241413885

32

45

57

60

45

55.2625442831

48

55

69

57

43

38.494236632

27

40

44

45

31

36.8985872993

20

41

42

50

31

45.9583429343

42

59

34

43

26

36.5501093409

21

55

41

26

0

41.4856421614

36

59

36

33

-7

36.985711014

29

44

42

33

3

41.3620327861

36

55

36

36

-1

45.3356134736

48

47

42

41

-5

45.9189350231

43

53

39

47

2

40.2317267176

41

45

27

41

2

44.1598574077

45

49

33

40

16

43.3877479434

42

49

30

38

24

40.4348053043

37

41

35

31

27

36.3953860815

29

34

40

33

32

41.8001007507

39

43

44

31

31

38.2914757443

31

42

41

34

24

35.5746126226

37

31

28

33

55

34.0927812996

35

41

20

19

54

37.8152679379

43

42

26

33

34

31.1987270437

37

29

29

15

24

32.3220774115

46

31

17

19

27

40.9273975981

53

42

25

28

40

40.6486270818

52

40

22

36

28

42.9471102888

56

42

29

30

40

41.1217095148

50

39

21

40

43

42.7525686398

51

46

19

41

28

45.6513042639

66

40

16

46

38

51.1420776399

67

48

26

55

32

52.9808015514

65

46

29

67

36

53.582829113

69

46

32

57

42

54.8680506804

66

48

36

61

37

Data (trust)

QA17.4 Please tell me if you tend to trust [the European Central Bank] or tend not to trust it.1999199920002000200120012002200220032003200420042005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012201320132014201420152015201620162017201720182018

Population by country

EB51EB52EB53EB54EB55EB56EB57EB58EB59EB60EB61EB62EB63EB64EB65EB66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90

Trust in ECBS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

ATtend to trust4446424544545058525247505553525552575057585953505146464947474250404141454745485237982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267

ATtend not to trust27243332302429223029342528303030333030313130384340464443444247415050494844464240-47982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267

ATnet trust17229131430213622231325272322251927202627291571102635-59-10-9-8-33-161277982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

BEtend to trust44444946445546555246526868586464696267645555535757515044484846414346474952525653410213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058

BEtend not to trust27272328232323172328272022272524232324313234383433404350444640464143404341414040-110213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058

BEnet trust17172618213223382918254846313940463943332321152324117-6426-5237611111613510213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

CYtend to trust5264495354425049443434111623242319222329363433-2682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236

CYtend not to trust2115262625353128344653807566646666646556545251-2682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236

CYnet trust31492327297192110-12-19-69-59-43-40-43-47-42-42-27-18-18-180682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

DEtend to trust50464345505656595750545552565660656160565251435047374239403738353235303337394649782037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000

DEtend not to trust24283032232320192124262931272824222124323334453939494852495149535452585553494539-482037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000

DEnet trust26181313273336403626282621292836434036241917-2118-12-6-13-9-14-11-18-22-17-28-22-16-101101182037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

EEtend to trust5645525151514746454143444646524761379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133

EEtend not to trust22282729333124202122242622231721-61379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133

EEnet trust34172522182023262419191824233526121379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

ELtend to trust36353942414841474752515244545862565351514251392924221617181619211917151819212722610747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868

ELtend not to trust26261428252421272116192125394037434649485844576572728181808076757878818077756972-610747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868

ELnet trust109251416242020263632311915182513723-167-18-36-48-50-65-64-62-64-57-54-59-61-66-62-58-54-42-501210747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

EStend to trust37454748435043524343495139384042554258504446423733291917151914202222242428353129-440303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302

EStend not to trust24182124262427213025262532302625262416293836404247576975757177686463626662535656340303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302

ESnet trust132726241726163113182326781417291842216102-5-14-28-50-58-60-52-63-48-42-41-38-42-34-18-25-27-740303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

FItend to trust54485150505958576458686872576562726769727271666365625659566460626058616766706771-35159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130

FItend not to trust24293230282422241926202420312328212118182118252927293635373027252625282622212020-15159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130

FInet trust30191920223536334532484452264234514651545153413438332024193433373433334144494751-25159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

FRtend to trust41454643404840444338404538353837404543443836323533303537302928302828332932343531160158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943

FRtend not to trust32323034272731312733333037322525363033383840454038484744525149484950475248484549-360158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943

FRnet trust91316913219131657151313124151060-4-13-5-5-18-12-7-22-22-21-18-21-22-14-23-16-14-10-18460158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

IEtend to trust48505654556156615357565249525753585258525149444536262931303629324034404546445446103732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259

IEtend not to trust11141515111111121312131218141515141514242826373440535251555053524448454239443336-113732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259

IEnet trust37364139445045494045434031384238443744282323711-4-27-23-20-25-14-24-20-4-14-53702110213732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

ITtend to trust49515352435754554947444855445740524044454645414443372335283122283530292834353937456909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973

ITtend not to trust14152221181512141518242119281732242625333130323334425846555352504247515247474850156909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973

ITnet trust35363131254242413429202736164082814191215159119-5-35-11-27-22-30-22-7-17-22-24-13-12-9-13356909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

LUtend to trust615059596270677269636664646461626259596060605762615354555558444951545357605462518427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005

LUtend not to trust12211820161616181820181714151919191818241922262324293131322436313230302824342529-9427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005

LUnet trust492941394654515451434847504942434341413641383139372423242334818192423293620372217427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

MTtend to trust53555862545151444044485354495659495351514753586386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701

MTtend not to trust13111214171621192222212018191516212319181920111386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701

MTnet trust40444648373530251822273336304143283032332833475386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

NLtend to trust68767065636763616560647269657071757679796763566159596258535054575555515255636262-115760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084

NLtend not to trust129131914131617162319142016161413910131922322527312734394030293330343631262827215760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084

NLnet trust56675746495447444937455849495457626769664841243632283524141024282225171624373435-315760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

PTtend to trust425350514954555460545259606354595848615151554446413934373028293738383644474156521510186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

PTtend not to trust15121420171914191720201516161918232420242722373442475250616161515052534641443233-1210186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

PTnet trust27413631323541354334324444473541352441272433712-1-8-18-13-31-33-32-14-12-14-17-26-324192710186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

SItend to trust66636362494847494337394335352836372828313432373651978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880

SItend not to trust232121283839423942495451585261515358595757585253-61978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880

SInet trust434242341195101-12-15-8-23-17-33-15-16-30-31-26-23-26-15-17111978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

SKtend to trust5558655865656861575652505539504542404341464445-25393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

SKtend not to trust222120252024243034363939374837364543434040403705393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

SKnet trust33374533454144312320131118-9139-3-301648-25393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

LVtend to trust42394943383543414344504262399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379

LVtend not to trust353624323439343533353131-42399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379

LVnet trust7325114-4961091911102399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

LTtend to trust565451585652594973536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901

LTtend not to trust1922242520221925-33536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901

LTnet trust3732273336304024103536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

UKtend to trust2222192120292525284131263127302627282123232222182024211918242623272826293130258579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

UKtend not to trust3133373733292935313134393237353537404346515246596160595143444551454236444441058579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

UKnet trust-10-310-3-13-1-10-5-9-10-12-22-23-28-30-24-41-41-36-38-32-25-20-19-28-18-14-10-15-13-11258579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

192127

667067

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

EB51EB52EB53EB54EB55EB56EB57EB58EB59EB60EB61EB62EB63EB64EB65EB66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB900000000000000000000000000000000000000000

S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

EU(weighted average)tend to trust424443444250474947444450474449465347504844444143403635373434313435333434373941

tend not to trust242527292423232323262525272825272524243033333937384649495149484645474849454443

NMStend to trust36434538494554n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

tend not to trust14192021202116n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Euro areanet trust23.313478068724.899687651322.997748259220.03600211623.047917600932.363918495728.527253623232.760050950128.7000736322.490099722622.857467933327.661126452621.670637430719.628986189726.300394649123.327308982929.043273125626.570735791929.508356987620.642517671114.272001453314.45530939722.11918726046.55586212933.0044609608-10.8819795284-17.5378252005-15.754429822-22.04-20.82-22.54-18.70-17.28-17.95-19.82-20.05-12.80-8.22-3.27-4.20

Zone euro

QA17.1/ QA17.2 Please tell me if you tend to trust the following institutions:

S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

European ParliamentParlement européen

EUtend to trust50535253525754595754545752515252565552514850484845414044413937424338404245455048

EUtend not to trust28272828252424232327292631343032282727313633373738454645474848434147464541423939

net trust2226242527333036342725312117222028282520121711117-4-6-1-6-9-11-12-9-6-3431197

EAtend to trust

EAtend not to trust

EAnet trust

European CommissionCommission européenne

EUtend to trust40444546455047535046475246464748525047474446454440363640363532384035373841424643


net trust7151516182518292618182515131817252420171014983-7-10-4-11-12-14-40-11-8-701747

EAtend to trust

EAtend not to trust

EAnet trust

ECBBCE

EUtend to trust42444343425046494744465047444946534750484444414340363537343431343533343437394141


net trust18191614182723262418192520162419282326181111262-10-14-12-17-15-17-12-10-14-14-15-8-5-2-16

EAnet trust

National GovernmentGouvernement national

EUtend to trust3034313135304134323432292932242827252327293127273137363435


net trust-30-26-33-31-24-32-12-25-30-27-31-36-37-31-46-39-41-46-49-41-36-32-39-41-33-20-23-27-24-7

EAtend to trust

EAtend not to trust

EAnet trust

National ParliamentParlement national

EUtend to trust353835353833433534343432303133272828262528303128283236353435


net trust-17-17-22-21-16-25-7-21-22-24-24-29-33-31-27-39-38-38-42-44-37-32-31-36-37-30-21-23-26-23-5

EAtend to trust

EAtend not to trust

EA|net trust

Trust in EP, NP and NG per MS

EP vs NPEPNPNGEP vs NPEPNPNGEPNP

Spring 2018Tend to trustAutumn 2018Tend to trustAutumn 2018Tend to trust

AT-4505451AT-1555655BE6454

BE19614239BE10645449FI6363

CY10473747CY18462832NL6368

DE1605954DE2605854DE6058

EE16574149EE7514454LU6052

EL26391312EL22371514IE5741

ES27411417ES22371519LT5716

FI6635747FI0636353AT5556

FR14432931FR13402726MT5559

IE20644446IE16574141PT5537

IT31491815IT17442728EE5144

LT56671128LT41571628LV4721

LU12705872LU8605262CY4628

LV34531928LV26472131SK4629

MT13554251MT-4555963IT4427

NL-3646767NL-5636863FR4027

PT11594855PT18553743SI3822

SI18382019SI16382223EL3715

SK28492121SK17462932ES3715

Image of the EUordered by net image

Spring 2018Net PosPosNegEP vs NPImage of the EU

AT113625IE1150

BE163923BG3743

BG435613PT741

CY93425LU440

CZ13130LT4139

DE324917MT737

DK294314PL2137

EE324210RO3833

EL-102737DE-429

ES213615EE428

FI244016HU1128

FR113625ES2026

HR163418FI124

HU214120DK-423

IE56648SE-822

IT123523SK1821

LT40477LV2720

LU405414SI2119

LV253813NL-917

MT41509BE916

NL194223IT2214

PL385012HR3513

PT455611FR812

RO355015CY1710

SE174225AT04

SI193617UK-12

SK153318CZ210

UK53429EL17-20

Trust in EU

S.05S.06S.07S.08S.09S.10S. 11S.12S.13S.14S.15S.16S.17A.17S.18SI Trust in ECB

EU444858504742423133314033424142SI support for euro

DE394156434637353029303928444749EU Trust in ECB

FR394151504339393734343330413334EU support for euro

IT565658404742422225243629363436

ES465065665143392117173432404442

EL576363595542321918242617222327

Flache, Laurence:EA average calculated for countries of initial changeover from 99 to 2006 + SI as of 2007, + CY & MT as of 2008, + SK as of 2009 and + EE as of 2011.

Data (support euro)

What is your opinion on each of the following statements? Please tell me for each statement, whether you are for it or against it. A European economic and monetary union with one single currency, the euro.1999199920002000200120012002200220032003200420042005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012201320132014201420152015201620162017201720182018

Survey results by countryPopulation by country

Support for the euroEB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB89ATfor70

S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S.11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18S.18ATagainst23

ATnet support47

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net support moving average7268676671676857524039374038403936333033354042383024242125242319202429720000000000000000000000000000000000000000ROagainst35

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000ROnet support20

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LUnet support76645562667085797868787175796369637266687462617364625946565961636263667674616876785427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005SKfor77

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LVagainst3132364338424236444137364140515456514025191619161716181213-6562399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379UKfor28

LVnet support28251931556183716191113-9-15-21-8134355625362616258716813712399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379UKagainst59

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MTnet support710147253835533942393843443131354344525962555663636357-6363386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701HRnet support-16

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NLagainst23222731302322293034392627272824211818151618252224262522292721212121212218201818-23915760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084

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PLagainst263440353736393943414246455056555663554748545255576157585416338666983386669833826330338263303382539553825395538242197382421973821853138218531381906083819060838173835381738353815705538157055381254793812547938115641381156413813587638135876380228693802286938062718380627183806379238063792380625353806253538017856380178563800561438005614379672093796720937972964379729643797668737976687

PLnet support3922101915181010164-32-12-18-20-20-34-20-10-8-22-18-20-23-29-21-24-18-33938666983386669833826330338263303382539553825395538242197382421973821853138218531381906083819060838173835381738353815705538157055381254793812547938115641381156413813587638135876380228693802286938062718380627183806379238063792380625353806253538017856380178563800561438005614379672093796720937972964379729643797668737976687

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PTfor5965645759677370756967676567576364605453546153564954585552505958626769747477807738010186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

PTagainst23222226302419222025272627262932262534313025343339323337374234363128262321161517-14210186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

PTnet support364342312943544855444041384128313835202224361923102225181582522313943515361656046510186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027

net support moving average403934344248524946424040363332353126222726261718191416182631384449556059.66666666670000000000000000000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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ROagainst118141614131513171514201719232228322926232624333533362835-83622488595224885952245548522455485224304572243045721833483218334832162750921627509215211422152114221382354213823542125701621257016211305032113050320635460206354602044029020440290202946832029468320199059201990592009599620095996200200742002007419947311199473111987064719870647197603141976031419644350196443501952362119523621

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SEagainst47485464624242414854514848534646514947474444626162747176797477737271716972717165079885432288543228861426886142688827928882792890912889091288940788894078889756708975670901139290113929047752904775291132579113257918292791829279256347925634793406829340682941557094155709482855948285595558939555893964486496448649747355974735598510179851017999515399951531012024210120242

SEnet support-8-5-16-38-339710-7-13-6-20-945-6-41178-28-24-28-51-44-53-60-51-58-50-47-48-46-42-47-46-45-36110885432288543228861426886142688827928882792890912889091288940788894078889756708975670901139290113929047752904775291132579113257918292791829279256347925634793406829340682941557094155709482855948285595558939555893964486496448649747355974735598510179851017999515399951531012024210120242

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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SIagainst9141815148118810111414171718152118161915171512141213111211978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880

SInet support7869596769837582827675686964646268566063566360657369737175-2831978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880

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SKfor6972606365696366768988878982788072777874798178788180807777-3895393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

SKagainst2323313130273130217101110161816241918211715171716131217155315393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

SKnet support4649293235423236558278767966606448586053626661616567686062-8825393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120

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UKfor28252221252731282423263128282829292426282728191721151514151916202020172423302728-33158579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

UKagainst55596163575852616365616264546362646766646665737573807980797473707273766763626159-18058579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

UKnet support-27-34-39-42-32-31-21-33-39-42-35-31-36-26-35-33-35-43-40-36-39-37-54-58-52-65-64-66-64-55-57-50-52-53-59-43-40-32-34-31-2-2158579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000

HRfor57535656565452514346403574527459452745944977354497735429540642954064305494430549443053844305384430572543057254310861431086143124874312487431353043135304311967431196743097964309796430284743028474289857428985742759844275984426214042621404246809424680942253164225316419066941906694154213415421341054934105493

HRagainst3838363636384345524856-452

HRnet support19152020201696-9-2-16720

37.777777777837.1111111111

55.555555555654.8888888889

-17.7777777778-17.7777777778

Net support for the euro - EA weighted results

EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84Eb85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90

Zone euroS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

Euro area45423931394355475538374637413741454640444340364238363438313241414341434651535455

EA moving average4237363846485247444040413840414444434343404039393636343435384242424347505354

Net support for the euro - EU weighted results

EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90

EUS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

for61605855596167636659606359605960636160616160565856535253515255565756555860616162

against28323337333025302735353135343433313133323333373537404040424136363637383634333232

net support3328251826314233392425322426252732302729282719231913121391119202119172226282930

Support for the euro - EA weighted results


S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

EA68686662666774717567667166686568706968706967656866646366626367676867687073747475

Support for the euro - non-EA weighted results


S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18

non-EA13121110121415141312134946444545464243424343363735302928273231343232303332353434

23252627252422252628263740384141414443444443505052595860625856545757605757555554


Flache, Laurence:EU 15 until EB 61, EU 25 from EB 62 to EB 66, EU 27 as of EB 66

Flache, Laurence:EU 15!

Flache, Laurence:EU 15 till EB 61!

Flache, Laurence:EU 25!!!

Flache, Laurence:EU 27 with BG&RO as of 2007



population

Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level [demo_gind]

Last update10.07.18

Extracted on11.07.18

Source of dataEurostat

INDIC_DEPopulation on 1 January - total

GEO/TIME19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

European Union (current composition)486,577,953487,259,080488,240,527488,962,706490,691,578492,555,798494,598,322496,436,597498,300,775500,297,033502,090,235503,170,618502,964,837504,047,964505,163,008507,011,330508,540,103510,277,177511,521,685512,596,403

Euro area (19 countries)319,373,924320,375,247321,447,131322,819,636324,573,948326,314,018328,141,448329,684,938331,204,579333,096,775334,470,255335,266,424334,572,589335,288,924336,044,966337,540,639338,560,247339,880,049340,719,423341,464,266

Euro area (18 countries)315,837,523316,863,173317,960,133319,364,999321,142,451322,915,089324,786,228326,395,103327,954,596329,884,170331,286,399332,124,448331,520,001332,285,283333,073,061334,597,167335,638,985336,991,491337,871,519338,655,365

BE10,213,75210,239,08510,263,41410,309,72510,355,84410,396,42110,445,85210,511,38210,584,53410,666,86610,753,08010,839,90511,000,63811,075,88911,137,97411,180,84011,237,27411,311,11711,351,72711,413,058

BG8,230,3718,190,8768,149,4687,868,8157,805,5067,745,1477,688,5737,629,3717,572,6737,518,0027,467,1197,421,7667,369,4317,327,2247,284,5527,245,6777,202,1987,153,7847,101,8597,050,034

CZ10,289,62110,278,09810,232,02710,201,18210,192,64910,195,34710,198,85510,223,57710,254,23310,343,42210,425,78310,462,08810,486,73110,505,44510,516,12510,512,41910,538,27510,553,84310,578,82010,610,055

DK5,313,5775,330,0205,349,2125,368,3545,383,5075,397,6405,411,4055,427,4595,447,0845,475,7915,511,4515,534,7385,560,6285,580,5165,602,6285,627,2355,659,7155,707,2515,748,7695,781,190

DE82,037,01182,163,47582,259,54082,440,30982,536,68082,531,67182,500,84982,437,99582,314,90682,217,83782,002,35681,802,25780,222,06580,327,90080,523,74680,767,46381,197,53782,175,68482,521,65382,850,000

EE1,379,2371,401,2501,392,7201,383,5101,375,1901,366,2501,358,8501,350,7001,342,9201,338,4401,335,7401,333,2901,329,6601,325,2171,320,1741,315,8191,314,8701,315,9441,315,6341,319,133

IE3,732,0063,777,5653,832,7833,899,7023,964,1914,028,8514,111,6724,208,1564,340,1184,457,7654,521,3224,549,4284,570,8814,589,2874,609,7794,637,8524,677,6274,726,2864,784,3834,838,259

EL10,747,76810,775,62710,835,98910,888,27410,915,77010,940,36910,969,91211,004,71611,036,00811,060,93711,094,74511,119,28911,123,39211,086,40611,003,61510,926,80710,858,01810,783,74810,768,19310,738,868

ES40,303,56840,470,18240,665,54541,035,27841,827,83842,547,45143,296,33844,009,97144,784,66645,668,93946,239,27346,486,61946,667,17446,818,21946,727,89046,512,19946,449,56546,440,09946,527,03946,659,302

FR60,158,53360,545,02260,979,31561,424,03661,864,08862,292,24162,772,87063,229,63563,645,06564,007,19364,350,22664,658,85664,978,72165,276,98365,600,35065,942,26766,456,27966,730,45366,989,08367,221,943

HR4,527,4594,497,7354,295,4064,305,4944,305,3844,305,7254,310,8614,312,4874,313,5304,311,9674,309,7964,302,8474,289,8574,275,9844,262,1404,246,8094,225,3164,190,6694,154,2134,105,493

IT56,909,10956,923,52456,960,69256,987,50757,130,50657,495,90057,874,75358,064,21458,223,74458,652,87559,000,58659,190,14359,364,69059,394,20759,685,22760,782,66860,795,61260,665,55160,589,44560,483,973

CY682,862690,497697,549705,539713,720722,893733,067744,013757,916776,333796,930819,140839,751862,011865,878858,000847,008848,319854,802864,236

LV2,399,2482,381,7152,353,3842,320,9562,299,3902,276,5202,249,7242,227,8742,208,8402,191,8102,162,8342,120,5042,074,6052,044,8132,023,8252,001,4681,986,0961,968,9571,950,1161,934,379

LT3,536,4013,512,0743,486,9983,454,6373,431,4973,398,9293,355,2203,289,8353,249,9833,212,6053,183,8563,141,9763,052,5883,003,6412,971,9052,943,4722,921,2622,888,5582,847,9042,808,901

LU427,350433,600439,000444,050448,300454,960461,230469,086476,187483,799493,500502,066511,840524,853537,039549,680562,958576,249590,667602,005

HU10,253,41610,221,64410,200,29810,174,85310,142,36210,116,74210,097,54910,076,58110,066,15810,045,40110,030,97510,014,3249,985,7229,931,9259,908,7989,877,3659,855,5719,830,4859,797,5619,778,371

MT386,397388,759391,415394,641397,296399,867402,668404,999405,616407,832410,926414,027414,989417,546422,509429,424439,691450,415460,297475,701

NL15,760,22515,863,95015,987,07516,105,28516,192,57216,258,03216,305,52616,334,21016,357,99216,405,39916,485,78716,574,98916,655,79916,730,34816,779,57516,829,28916,900,72616,979,12017,081,50717,118,084

AT7,982,4618,002,1868,020,9468,063,6408,100,2738,142,5738,201,3598,254,2988,282,9848,307,9898,335,0038,351,6438,375,1648,408,1218,451,8608,507,7868,584,9268,700,4718,772,8658,822,267

PL38,666,98338,263,30338,253,95538,242,19738,218,53138,190,60838,173,83538,157,05538,125,47938,115,64138,135,87638,022,86938,062,71838,063,79238,062,53538,017,85638,005,61437,967,20937,972,96437,976,687

PT10,186,63410,249,02210,330,77410,394,66910,444,59210,473,05010,494,67210,511,98810,532,58810,553,33910,563,01410,573,47910,572,72110,542,39810,487,28910,427,30110,374,82210,341,33010,309,57310,291,027

RO22,488,59522,455,48522,430,45721,833,48321,627,50921,521,14221,382,35421,257,01621,130,50320,635,46020,440,29020,294,68320,199,05920,095,99620,020,07419,947,31119,870,64719,760,31419,644,35019,523,621

SI1,978,3341,987,7551,990,0941,994,0261,995,0331,996,4331,997,5902,003,3582,010,3772,010,2692,032,3622,046,9762,050,1892,055,4962,058,8212,061,0852,062,8742,064,1882,065,8952,066,880

SK5,393,3825,398,6575,378,7835,378,9515,374,8735,371,8755,372,6855,372,9285,373,1805,376,0645,382,4015,390,4105,392,4465,404,3225,410,8365,415,9495,421,3495,426,2525,435,3435,443,120

FI5,159,6465,171,3025,181,1155,194,9015,206,2955,219,7325,236,6115,255,5805,276,9555,300,4845,326,3145,351,4275,375,2765,401,2675,426,6745,451,2705,471,7535,487,3085,503,2975,513,130

SE8,854,3228,861,4268,882,7928,909,1288,940,7888,975,6709,011,3929,047,7529,113,2579,182,9279,256,3479,340,6829,415,5709,482,8559,555,8939,644,8649,747,3559,851,0179,995,15310,120,242

UK58,579,68558,785,24658,999,78159,239,56459,501,39459,793,75960,182,05060,620,36161,073,27961,571,64762,042,34362,510,19763,022,53263,495,30363,905,29764,351,15564,875,16565,382,55665,808,57366,186,444

NO4,445,3294,478,4974,503,4364,524,0664,552,2524,577,4574,606,3634,640,2194,681,1344,737,1714,799,2524,858,1994,920,3054,985,8705,051,2755,107,9705,166,4935,213,9855,258,3175,295,619

Special value:

:not available

INDIC_DEAverage population - total

GEO/TIME19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

European Union (current composition)487,113,652487,821,535488,601,617489,827,142491,623,688493,577,060495,517,460497,368,140499,306,703501,193,634502,702,657503,807,810503,519,304504,605,486506,087,169507,659,760509,408,640510,897,987512,059,044:

Euro area (19 countries)319,874,591320,911,189322,133,384323,696,792325,443,983327,227,733328,913,193330,444,213332,158,476333,783,515334,868,340335,659,589334,930,757335,666,945336,792,803337,934,486339,220,148340,298,292341,091,845:

Euro area (18 countries)316,350,353317,411,653318,662,566320,253,725322,028,770323,850,659325,590,666327,174,304328,927,182330,585,285331,705,424332,562,307331,902,642332,679,172333,835,114335,002,119336,315,238337,430,061338,263,442:

BE10,226,41910,251,25010,286,57010,332,78510,376,13310,421,13710,478,61710,547,95810,625,70010,709,97310,796,49310,895,58611,038,26411,106,93211,159,40711,209,05711,274,19611,331,42211,382,393:

BG8,210,6248,170,1728,009,1427,837,1617,775,3277,716,8607,658,9727,601,0227,545,3387,492,5617,444,4437,395,5997,348,3287,305,8887,265,1157,223,9387,177,9917,127,8227,075,947:

CZ10,283,86010,255,06310,216,60510,196,91610,193,99810,197,10110,211,21610,238,90510,298,82810,384,60310,443,93610,474,41010,496,08810,510,78510,514,27210,525,34710,546,05910,566,33210,594,438:

DK5,321,7995,339,6165,358,7835,375,9315,390,5745,404,5235,419,4325,437,2725,461,4385,493,6215,523,0955,547,6835,570,5725,591,5725,614,9325,643,4755,683,4835,728,0105,764,980:

DE82,100,24382,211,50882,349,92582,488,49582,534,17682,516,26082,469,42282,376,45182,266,37282,110,09781,902,30781,776,93080,274,98380,425,82380,645,60580,982,50081,686,61182,348,66982,685,827:

EE1,390,2441,396,9851,388,1151,379,3501,370,7201,362,5501,354,7751,346,8101,340,6801,337,0901,334,5151,331,4751,327,4391,322,6961,317,9971,314,5451,315,4071,315,7891,317,384:

IE3,754,7863,805,1743,866,2433,931,9473,996,5214,070,2624,159,9144,273,5914,398,9424,489,5444,535,3754,560,1554,580,0844,599,5334,623,8164,657,7404,701,9574,755,3354,811,321:

EL10,761,69810,805,80810,862,13210,902,02210,928,07010,955,14110,987,31411,020,36211,048,47311,077,84111,107,01711,121,34111,104,89911,045,01110,965,21110,892,41310,820,88310,775,97110,753,531:

ES40,386,87540,567,86440,850,41241,431,55842,187,64542,921,89543,653,15544,397,31945,226,80345,954,10646,362,94646,576,89746,742,69746,773,05546,620,04546,480,88246,444,83246,483,56946,593,171:

FR60,351,77860,762,16961,201,67661,644,06262,078,16562,532,55663,001,25363,437,35063,826,12964,178,71064,504,54164,818,78965,127,85265,438,66765,771,30966,084,11666,593,36666,859,76867,105,513:

HR4,512,5974,468,3024,300,4504,305,4394,305,5554,308,2934,311,6744,313,0094,312,7494,310,8824,306,3224,296,3524,282,9214,269,0624,254,4754,236,0634,207,9934,172,4414,129,853:

IT56,916,31756,942,10856,974,10057,059,00757,313,20357,685,32757,969,48458,143,97958,438,31058,826,73159,095,36559,277,41759,379,44959,539,71760,233,94860,789,14060,730,58260,627,49860,536,709:

CY686,680694,023701,544709,630718,307727,980738,540750,965767,125786,632808,035829,446850,881863,945861,939852,504847,664851,561859,519:

LV2,390,4822,367,5502,337,1702,310,1732,287,9552,263,1222,238,7992,218,3572,200,3252,177,3222,141,6692,097,5552,059,7092,034,3192,012,6471,993,7821,977,5271,959,5371,942,248:

LT3,524,2383,499,5363,470,8183,443,0673,415,2133,377,0753,322,5283,269,9093,231,2943,198,2313,162,9163,097,2823,028,1152,987,7732,957,6892,932,3672,904,9102,868,2312,828,403:

LU430,475436,300441,525446,175451,630458,095465,158472,637479,993488,650497,783506,953518,347530,946543,360556,319569,604582,014596,336:

HU10,237,53010,210,97110,187,57610,158,60810,129,55210,107,14610,087,06510,071,37010,055,78010,038,18810,022,65010,000,0239,971,7279,920,3629,893,0829,866,4689,843,0289,814,0239,787,966:

MT387,578390,087393,028395,969398,582401,268403,834405,308406,724409,379412,477414,508416,268420,028425,967434,558445,053455,356467,999:

NL15,812,08815,925,51316,046,18016,148,92916,225,30216,281,77916,319,86816,346,10116,381,69616,445,59316,530,38816,615,39416,693,07416,754,96216,804,43216,865,00816,939,92317,030,31417,099,796:

AT7,992,3248,011,5668,042,2938,081,9578,121,4238,171,9668,227,8298,268,6418,295,4878,321,4968,343,3238,363,4048,391,6438,429,9918,479,8238,546,3568,642,6998,736,6688,797,566:

PL38,660,27138,258,62938,248,07638,230,36438,204,57038,182,22238,165,44538,141,26738,120,56038,125,75938,151,60338,042,79438,063,25538,063,16438,040,19638,011,73537,986,41237,970,08737,974,826:

PT10,217,82810,289,89810,362,72210,419,63110,458,82110,483,86110,503,33010,522,28810,542,96410,558,17710,568,24710,573,10010,557,56010,514,84410,457,29510,401,06210,358,07610,325,45210,300,300:

RO22,472,04022,442,97122,131,97021,730,49621,574,32621,451,74821,319,68521,193,76020,882,98220,537,87520,367,48720,246,87120,147,52820,058,03519,983,69319,908,97919,

Gilles Noblet L’image des banques ... - Banque de France– la confiance dans la banque centrale...

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Transcript of Gilles Noblet L’image des banques ... - Banque de France– la confiance dans la banque centrale...