Editions Systèmes Et Information

8/14/2019 Editions Systmes Et Information

1/384

Editions systmes et information

CONCEPTION & REALISATION

DES BASES DE DONNEES :

De UML SQL

Jacques Guyot


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adresse varchar(80),noStation number(1))

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categorie char(2))

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31 90 2 2 WC NON

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NUM_CLIENT NOM PRENOM ADRESSE

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------

1000 GASCON GASTON 12 av. du Gnral 1239 ICI

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1002 DUFOUR JEAN 10 av. de la gar 1300 AILLEURS

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1001 21 10-JAN-90

1002 34 20-DEC-89 27-DEC-89

1003 44 24-DEC-89 27-DEC-89

1005 45 23-DEC-89 28-DEC-89

1006 14 01-DEC-89 28-DEC-891007 23 01-DEC-89 02-DEC-89

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1007 23 22-DEC-89 23-DEC-89

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NOM CONFOR-------------------- ------

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NOBODY BAIN

NOBODY BAIN

NOBODY BAIN

NOBODY BAIN

NOBODY BAIN

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-------------

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100001 TAXI1

100003 TAXI1

100002 TAXI2

100005 TAXI2

SELECT nochassis,nbplaces



AND nbplaces>20

NOCHASSIS NBPLACES

---------- ----------

100004 35

SELECT nochassis,nbplaces



AND nbplaces between 5 AND 8

NOCHASSIS NBPLACES---------- ----------

100001 5

100003 5

100002 7

100005 7

SELECT nochassis,poids+65*nbplaces "Poids total"



NOCHASSIS Poids total

---------- -----------

100004 8775

100001 1175

100003 1175

100002 1655

100005 1655

SELECT ch.nochauffeur,nom,prenom,categorie

FROM CHAUFFEUR ch, Permis peWHERE ch.nochauffeur=pe.nochauffeur

ORDER BY nom,prenom

)93


177/384

NOCHAUFFEUR NOM PRENOM CA

----------- -------------- ----------------- --

3 BOL PAUL V

3 BOL PAUL PL

1 DUPONT JEAN V

1 DUPONT JEAN PL

2 MAX MAXIM V

4 PASBOL PAUL V

SELECT distinct prenom

FROM CHAUFFEUR

GROUP BY prenom having count(prenom)>=2

PRENOM

------------------------

PAUL

SELECT distinct prenom

FROM CHAUFFEUR ch1

WHERE exists(SELECT 'vrai'

FROM CHAUFFEUR ch2

WHERE ch1.nochauffeurch2.nochauffeur

AND ch1.prenom=ch2.prenom)

PRENOM

------------------------

PAUL

SELECT nochassis,noplaque

FROM VEHICULE

WHERE noplaque like '1_3%'

NOCHASSIS NOPLAQUE

---------- ----------

100003 123

SELECT nochassis,description

FROM ENTRETIEN

WHERE description like '%BOITE%VITESSE%'

NOCHASSIS DESCRIPTION

---------- ---------------

100001 BOITE A VITESSE

)93


178/384

%&




AND categorie in (SELECT pe.categorie

FROM CHAUFFEUR ch, Permis peWHERE ch.nochauffeur=pe.nochauffeur

AND ch.nochauffeur=4)

NOCHASSIS MODELE

---------- ------------

100001 TAXI1

100005 TAXI2

100002 TAXI2

100003 TAXI1


FROM VEHICULE v, TYPE t,CHAUFFEUR ch, Permis pe


AND ch.nochauffeur=pe.nochauffeur

AND pe.categorie=t.categorie

AND ch.nochauffeur=4

NOCHASSIS MODELE

---------- ------------

100001 TAXI1

100003 TAXI1

100002 TAXI2100005 TAXI2




AND typecarburant any (SELECT typecarburant

FROM carburant tc

WHERE v.noplaque=tc.noplaque)

NOCHASSIS MODELE

---------- ------------

100005 TAXI2

SELECT typecarburant,noplaque,sum(litres)

FROM CARBURANT

GROUP BY typecarburant,noplaque

ORDER BY typecarburant

TYPECARBURAN NOPLAQUE SUM(LITRES)

------------ ---------- -----------

DIESEL 122 61

DIESEL 124 180

DIESEL 125 63

V) 93


179/384

+

ESSENCE 121 91

ESSENCE 123 93

ESSENCE 125 1

SELECT nojour, nostation ,typecarburant ,sum(litres)

FROM CARBURANT c, VEHICULE v

WHERE c.noplaque=v.noplaque

GROUP BY nojour, nostation ,typecarburant

NOJOUR NOSTATION TYPECARBURAN SUM(LITRES)

---------- ---------- ------------ -----------

1 1 DIESEL 20

1 1 ESSENCE 30

1 2 DIESEL 80

1 2 ESSENCE 30

2 1 DIESEL 20

2 1 ESSENCE 302 2 DIESEL 83

2 2 ESSENCE 31

3 1 DIESEL 21

3 1 ESSENCE 31

3 2 DIESEL 80

3 2 ESSENCE 32

4 2 ESSENCE 1

SELECT noplaque ,

(sum(litres)/sum(kilometrage))*100 "consommation moyenneglobale"

FROM CARBURANT c

GROUP BY noplaque

NOPLAQUE consommation moyenne globale

---------- ----------------------------

121 9.89130435

122 6.4893617

123 10.3333333

124 20

125 7.03296703

)4:8


180/384

&

123 2 10.3333333

123 3 10.6666667

124 1 20

124 2 20.6666667

124 3 19.3333333

125 1 6.66666667

125 2 7

125 3 7.33333333

125 4 10

SELECT noplaque,nojour,litres*100/kilometrage

FROM CARBURANT c1

WHERE litres*100/kilometrage

> (SELECT

1.2*(sum(litres)*100/sum(kilometrage))FROM CARBURANT c2

WHERE c2.noplaque=c1.noplaque)

NOPLAQUE NOJOUR LITRES*100/KILOMETRAGE

---------- ---------- ----------------------

125 4 10

SELECT nochauffeur,nojour,tranchehoraire,nochassis

FROM PLANNING c1

WHERE nochauffeur=1ORDER BY nojour,tranchehoraire

NOCHAUFFEUR NOJOUR T NOCHASSIS

----------- ---------- - ----------

1 1 A 100001

1 1 B 100001

1 3 A 100004

SELECT s.nochassis,s.nozone,tempsparcours

FROM SITUATION S,DISTANCE DWHERE s.nozone=d.zonede

AND d.zonea=10

AND d.heure=13

ORDER BY tempsparcours

NOCHASSIS NOZONE TEMPSPARCOURS

---------- ---------- -------------

1000001 10 0

1000002 20 5

1000003 20 5

1000005 20 5

Z)93


181/384


182/384

&

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183/384

Z

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184/384

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185/384

Z

3A70-'/4602


186/384

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187/384

Z

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188/384

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189/384

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190/384

CREATE TABLE CLIENTS_RECENTS (

NUM_CLIENT NUMBER (6) not null ,

NOM CHAR (20),

PRENOM CHAR (20),

ADRESSE CHAR (40))insert into CLIENTS_RECENTS

(num_client, nom, prenom, adresse)

SELECT c.num_client, nom, prenom, adresse

FROM CLIENTS c, RESERVATIONS r

WHERE c.num_client=r.num_client

AND date_arr>='1-jan-90'

9


191/384

+

57A=86563:82


192/384

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193/384

+

share row exclusiveU 57 83@57 2


194/384

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195/384

+

"


196/384

#

%!!!

;I;


197/384

+


198/384

&

56:=3436169


199/384

++

03'O


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201/384

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78 =583G0 38@0


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/:061


203/384

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204/384

9


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7=j49386


206/384

#

CREATE TABLE T2

(A char(8) not null unique,

B char(8) not null references T1(B))

alter TABLE T1 add ( foreign key (A) references T2(A))Rappelons que certaines ri ne sont pas exprimables directement

dans le SGBD. Par exemple: pas deux rservations le mme jour

pour la mme chambre. On peut alors crire, des requtes pour

dterminer les anomalies. Dans notre cas, aprs insertion

d'une rservation errone, on obtient:

insert into reservations values(1004,14,'27-DEC-89','30-DEC-

89');

rem: ne tient pas compte des valeurs nulles de date_dep

SELECT *

FROM Reservations r1, Reservations r2

WHERE r1.num_chambre=r2.num_chambre

AND r1.num_clientr2.num_client

AND r2.date_arr between r1.date_arr AND r1.date_dep

AND r2.date_arrr1.date_dep;

Rem: on dfait notre requte pour liminer les donnes du test

rollback;

Dans le chapitre suivant, nous allons examiner les dpendances

fonctionnelles qui sont un type de rgles d'intgrit qui

permettent de trouver les cls d'une relation, les dpendances

d'inclusion et surtout d'tudier les proprits d'une

dcomposition.

Exercice

Questions sur TT3

1) Redfinir le schma de TT3 pour tenir compte des rgles

d'intgrit

2) Dterminer l'ordre de suppression des tables (inverse de

l'ordre de cration)

3) Dfinir des ri ne pouvant tre directement valides par leSGBD pour TT3 et donner l'ordre SQL pour dtecter les

anomalies.

Rponses sur TT3

Cration du schma


207/384

VY

CREATE TABLE Station(

noZone number(2),

noStation number(1) not null

primary key constraint station_RI1);CREATE TABLE

Type(modele char(12) not null

primary key

constraint Type_RI1,

nbPlaces number(2) not null

check (nbPlaces>0)

Constraint Type_RI2,

categorie char(2) not null

check (categorie in ('V','PL'))


typeCarburant char(12) not null

check (typeCarburant in ('ESSENCE','DIESEL'))Constraint Type_RI4,

automatique char(1) not null

check (automatique in ('Y','N'))


poids number(5) not null

check (poids>0)

Constraint Type_RI6);

CREATE TABLE Distance( heure number(2),

zoneDe number(2) not null,

zoneA number(2) not null,

tempsParcours number(3) not nullcheck (tempsParcours>0)

Constraint Distance_RI1,

primary key (zoneDe,zoneA)

constraint Distance_RI2);

CREATE TABLE Vehicule(

noChassis number

primary key

constraint Vehicule_RI1,

noPlaque number not null

uniqueconstraint Vehicule_RI2,

miseEnService date not null,

modele char(12) not null

references Type(modele)

constraint Vehicule_RI3,


references Station(noStation)

constraint Vehicule_RI4);


208/384

&

CREATE TABLE Chauffeur(

noChauffeur number not null

primary key constraint Chauffeur_RI1,

nom char(24) not null,

prenom char(24) not null,adresse char(80) not null,


references Station(noStation)

constraint Chauffeur_RI2);

CREATE TABLE Situation(

noChassis number not null

primary key

constraint Situation_RI1

references Vehicule(noChassis)

constraint Situation_RI2,

noZone number(2) not null);

CREATE TABLE Carburant(

noPlaque number not null,

noJour number(3) not null,

kilometrage number not null

check (kilometrage>0)

Constraint Carburant_RI1,

litres number(3) not null

check (litres>0)


typeCarburant char(12) not null

check (typeCarburant in ('ESSENCE','DIESEL'))


primary key (noPlaque,noJour,kilometrage)

constraint Carburant_RI4);

CREATE TABLE Entretien(



constraint Entretien_RI1,

noJour number(3) not null,

description char(240) not null,

primary key (noChassis,noJour)constraint Entretien_RI2);

CREATE TABLE Permis(


references Chauffeur(noChauffeur)

constraint Permis_RI1,

categorie char(2) not null

check (categorie in ('V','PL'))

Constraint Permis_RI2,

primary key (noChauffeur,categorie)

constraint Permis_RI3);

CREATE TABLE Planning(


references Chauffeur(noChauffeur)


209/384

VY+

constraint Planning_RI1,



constraint Planning_RI2,

noJour number(3) not null,trancheHoraire char(1) not null

check (trancheHoraire in ('A','B','C'))

Constraint Planning_RI3,

primary key (noChauffeur,noChassis,noJour)

constraint Planning_RI4);

)66(,&&40/9)*D+35

drop TABLE Carburant;

drop TABLE Entretien;

drop TABLE Planning;

drop TABLE Permis;

drop TABLE Situation;

drop TABLE Vehicule;

drop TABLE Chauffeur;

drop TABLE Distance;

drop TABLE Type;

drop TABLE Station;

)'(,&(>A8,&9=4/'+A(4'+

04N04N025760


210/384


211/384

V

:%!

"Ds que l'on pose une question quelle qu'elle soit, onintroduit le doute, on cesse de rciter, on va voir. Et des tasde surprises nous attendent, y compris dans ce qui al'apparence du banal" (Boris Cyrulnik - De la parole commeune molcule)

/73


212/384

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9C3


213/384

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!

!

!

!

`

"

"

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!!

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#5


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nouveau vraifinsi

refaire

refaire

X++ satXfin X++

8

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Transitive_de(F) Transitive_defin Transitive_de

8

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>!

"AIL - Mangez en beaucoup. Il rajeunit l'organisme etloigne les importuns" (Alexandre Vialatte - Almanach desquatre saisons)

8 491 278 09563:8


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)DE ;

V)DE;;_D"E4B733=/93B7; %;;

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229/384

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refaire

X++ satXfin X++

min(XYZ) -- chercher les lments minimaux

min

pour chaque X XYZ faire

minOK vrai

pour chaque Y XYZ-{X} faire

si Y X alors minOK faux finsirefaire

si minOK alors min min {X} finsirefaire

min(XYZ) minfin min

659A:036N=9323046=86/5063029521?38363:8295491,84:8


230/384

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)


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%!/

:75


234/384

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$ +85@;9 51 1@ @1

1;$ +85@;29 51 1@ @1 1;'$ +'85@9 51@ 1@ @1$ +85@9

51@ @1!$ +!85@9 51@ 1@ @1 1#$ +#85@;9 51@ @1 1% +%85@9 51 1@ @15&$ +&85@9 51@ @15 1 5@1$ +85@9

5@15$ +85@9 /

):


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?%!#

Le logogramme dessine le mot ou la chose. Le systmelogo-syllabique devient syllabique et dcoupe le mot, parlmaintenant; il devient bientt consonantique, puis un vraialphabet, o les syllabes se rpartissent en lettres. Dslors, le dessin, sur la plage, la tablette ou le parchemin,analyse tout autre chose que lobjet quil est cencdsigner. Il est le signe de signe de signe. Michel Serres -Les origines de la gomtrie.

5//9:8


238/384

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J5@F F F FJ5@@F F J5@F F F

8 4:8


239/384

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9386


240/384

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pour chaque Cl droite(f) faire-- l un indice de colonne

si til=Cl alors tjl Cl

sinon til tjlchangement vrai

refairerefaire

refaire

si une ligne est remplie de Ci alors total vrai

sinon total fauxfin total

C=/9'L69:7


242/384

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243/384

V-

V


244/384

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245/384

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66214:=/:


246/384

#

Paramtres de Prservation (dR,F):

R+={C1,C2, ..., Cn}

F un ensemble de df

dR={R1,R2, ..., Rk}

Prservation (dR,F)

pour chaque f F faire

Z gauche(f)tant que changement de Z faire

pour i=1 k faire

Z Z (saturation(Z Ri+) Ri

+)

refaire

refairesi droite(f) pas contenu dans Z

alors Prservation (dR,F) non

fin si

refaire

Prservation (dR,F) oui

fin prservation

C=/9'6


247/384

V-

(();;) _(;;) _ _F85/5


248/384

&

9:0


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V-+

pntpersonne = ^personne;

personne = record of

nom: char(20);

sexe : (F,M);

pere: pntpersonne ;mere: pntpersonne ;

end;

employ = record of

nom,prenom: char(20);

nbenfant: 1..12;

descriptenfant: array[1..nbenfant]

of enfant;

salaire: array [1..12] of real;

end;

var fp:file of employ;

58


250/384

!

8

5V193=389S6


251/384

V

:706058


252/384

!

:706058


253/384

V

Table_multiplication(Prix, Qte, Art_total)

:7


254/384

!

/01


255/384

V

@H

"Le rve semblait toujours si vivant, si exact, moinsdistorsion du rel que simulacre, illusion si riche en dtailsde la vie veill que Nashe ne souponnait jamais qu'il taiten train de rver." Paul Auster - La musique du hasard

7


256/384

!#

CREATE VIEW Chambre_avec_tv_2

(Num_chambre, prix_par_pers)

AS SELECT num_chambre,prix/nbr_pers

FROM Chambres

WHERE equipement='TV';SELECT num_chambre, prix_par_pers

FROM Chambre_avec_tv_2

WHERE num_chambre=44;

5//934563:82950GA95)2:88'SELECT num_chambre, prix_par_pers

FROM Chambres


5//934563:82950GA9>)2:88'SELECT num_chambre,

prix/nbr_pers

FROM Chambres


5//934563:82950GA94)2:88'SELECT num_chambre,prix/nbr_pers

FROM Chambres

WHERE num_chambre=44

AND equipement='TV';


257/384

V

CREATE VIEW Chambre_avec_tv_2

(Num_chambre, prix_par_pers)

AS SELECT num_chambre,prix/nbr_pers

FROM Chambres

WHERE equipement='TV';838600:A58695@7:8:>6386'SELECT * FROM Chambre_avec_tv_2;

58


258/384

!&

54957


259/384

V+

58


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#

406538B7586361,/03C6:65929593A84:00


261/384

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/97


262/384

#

CREATE VIEW mere_de

AS SELECT parent mere,enfant

FROM geni,femme

WHERE geni.parent=femme.nom;

CREATE VIEW soeur_de16AS SELECT a.enfant soeur,b.enfant nom

FROM geni a,geni b,femme

WHERE a.parent=b.parent

AND a.enfant=femme.nom

AND a.enfantb.enfant17;

CREATE VIEW frere_de

AS SELECT a.enfant frere,b.enfant nom

FROM geni a,geni b,homme

WHERE a.parent=b.parent

AND a.enfant=homme.nom

AND a.enfantb.enfant;

CREATE VIEW grandpere_de

AS SELECT a.pere grandpere,b.enfant petitenfant

FROM pere_de a,geni18 b

WHERE a.enfant=b.parent;

CREATE VIEW grandmere_de

AS SELECT a.mere grandmere,b.enfant petitenfant

FROM mere_de a,geni b

WHERE a.enfant=b.parent;

CREATE VIEW grandparent_de(grandparent, petitenfant)

AS SELECT grandpere, petitenfant

FROM grandpere_de

union

SELECT grandmere, petitenfant

FROM grandmere_de;

Nous pouvons faire un test sur nos donnes.

SELECT distinct * FROM soeur_de

WHERE nom='jacques';

SELECT distinct * FROM grandparent_de

WHERE petitenfant='amlie';

5B7


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VX

01470


264/384

#

401060:3


265/384

VX

403078@7B73??4679/0:2736=560343926:76


266/384

##

SELECT sum3 somme,

(count(sum3)/216)*100 probabilite,'%'

FROM sum3D

GROUP BY sum3;


267/384

VX

CREATE VIEW vhc_type_carb

AS SELECT nochassis,v.noplaque,miseenservice,

v.modele,nostation,

nbplaces,categorie,v.typecarburant

carburantrequis,automatique,poids,nojour,kilometrage,litres,

c.typecarburant carburantplein

FROM vhc_type v, carburant c

WHERE v.noplaque=c.noplaque;

SELECT * FROM vhc_type_carb

WHERE carburantrequiscarburantplein;

CREATE VIEW analyse_consomation

(critere,valeur,consom100)

AS SELECT 'modele',

modele,(sum(litres)/sum(kilometrage))*100

FROM vhc_type_carb

GROUP BY modele

union

SELECT 'nbplaces',

to_char(nbplaces),(sum(litres)/sum(kilometrage))*100

FROM vhc_type_carb

GROUP BY to_char(nbplaces)unionSELECT 'carburant',

carburantplein,(sum(litres)/sum(kilometrage))*100

FROM vhc_type_carb

GROUP BY carburantplein;

SELECT *

FROM analyse_consomation;

SELECT *

FROM analyse_consomation

WHERE consom100


268/384


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VX+

B2

"Ainsi certaines fourmis naissent avec d'normesmandibules cisaillles pour tre soldat, d'autres possdentdes mandibules broyantes pour produire de la farine decrales, d'autres sont quipes de glandes salivairessurdveloppes pour mouiller et dsinfecter les jeuneslarves." Bernard Weber - Les fourmis.

5/0=3G0/5063244N5/360


270/384

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2(I;)"

:/63=3


271/384

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2 0L9 57 83@57


272/384

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273/384

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274/384

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-> SELECT revervation.* FROM revervation, chambres

WHERE revervation.num_chambre=chambres.num_chambre

AND confort='BAIN')


275/384

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276/384

%#

C=/9'CREATE unique index chambres_by_number

on chambres(num_chambre);

0


277/384

V


278/384

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4:=/9C361


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280/384

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VZ

CREATE TABLE ECRITURE(

Societe CHAR(3) not null,

Num_Piece NUMBER (6) not null,

Num_Compte NUMBER (6) not null,

Montant Number(13,2) not null,Debit_Credit char(1) not null,

Lib_Ecriture CHAR(30))

:70?54393608:60605@539 :8/7621?383095@7,78/:3862@7=16N:2:9:A3B7605@53990


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&

CREATE index ecriture_i2

on ecriture(societe,num_compte); -- pour accder par les

comptes

:704


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VZ

23@0


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&

AND J.societe=E.societe

AND P.num_piece=E.num_piece;

CREATE VIEW tout_P AS -- par les pices

SELECT

P.societe,J.date_jour,D.periode_comptable,P.Num_journal,J.lib_journal,

P.num_piece,P.date_valeur,P.lib_piece,

E.num_compte,E.Montant,

E.debit_credit,E.lib_ecriture

FROM

periode D, piece P, Ecriture E,journal J

WHERE P.societe=D.societe

AND J.date_jour=D.date_jour

AND P.societe=P.societeAND J.num_journal=P.num_journal

AND J.societe=E.societe

AND P.num_piece=E.num_piece;

876393


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VZ

4 SELECTnum_piece,sum(decode(debit_credit,'D',-montant,montant))

FROM toutWHERE societe='SA'AND num_piece between 1 AND 100

GROUP BY num_piece

having sum(decode(debit_credit,'D',-montant,montant))0;

23 FILTERSORT GROUP BYNESTED LOOPSNESTED LOOPSNESTED LOOPSTABLE ACCESS FULL JOURNALTABLE ACCESS BY ROWID PIECE

INDEX RANGE SCAN PIECE_I2INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PERIODE_I1TABLE ACCESS BY ROWID

ECRITUREINDEX RANGE SCAN ECRITURE_I1

84:8


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CREATE index ecriture_i2bis on

ecriture(societe,num_compte,periode);

5B7


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288/384


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