Cmc Ans10006 Enu

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© OMICRON of 11

Application Note

How to Locate a Fault with TransView

Author Stephan Geiger | [email protected]

Date

Oct 25, 2010

Related OMICRON ProductTest Universe (TransView)

Application Area-

KeywordsTransView, double-ended fault location, single-ended fault location

Versionv1.0

Document ID ANS_10006_ENU

mailto:[email protected]




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© OMICRON 2011 of 11

Content

1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Locating the Fault Using a Single Fault Record ............................................................................ 3

2.1 Configuration ............................................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Fault Location ........................................................................................................................... 6

3 Locating the Fault with Two Fault Records ................................................................................... 7

3.1 Configuration ............................................................................................................................ 7

3.2 Fault Location ........................................................................................................................... 8

Please use this note only in combination with the related product manual which contains several important safetyinstructions. The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.

OMICRON electronics GmbH including all international branch offices is henceforth referred to as OMICRON.

© OMICRON 2010. All rights reserved. This application note is a publication of OMICRON.

All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying, microfilming, opticalcharacter recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit consent of OMICRON.Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted.

The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this application note represent the technicalstatus at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.

We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this application note is useful, accurate and entirelyreliable. However, OMICRON does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which may be present.OMICRON translates this application note from the source language English into a number of other languages. Anytranslation of this document is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this note shall govern.

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1 Introduction

With the help of TransView it is possible to locate a fault using either the unidirectional fault locator (with oneCOMTRADE file) or the bidirectional fault locator, where the fault records from both ends of the line areneeded. This Application Note describes which actions have to be taken in order to verify the fault locationusing one or two fault records. For locating a fault with only one fault record basically the same actions haveto be taken apart from inserting a second fault.

2 Locating the Fault Using a Single Fault Record

First we try to locate a fault using only one fault record. Therefore load the fault record using the Open

button at the top left.

Figure 1: Loading a fault record

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2.1 Configuration

To check if the channels in the fault record are correctly mapped to the network model that TransView usesfor all calculations, open the Network Configuration window using the menu entry Options -> NetworkConfiguration....

Check if signals from the COMTRADE are correctly assigned to the voltages and currents from the networkand the CT and VT ratios are correct. Also check if the CT starpoint direction is correct.

Figure 2: Configuring the first fault record

All the parameters for the calculation of the fault location must be entered in the Fault Locator tab. Pleasenote that the parameters in the Impedance Calculation tab are used for the calculation of the impedance

locus, but have no influence on the fault location.

To make the input of the line parameters most convenient you can change the input format of the data to theformat that is most suitable for you.

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Figure 3: Selecting the appropriate input format

Figure 4: Specifying the line

If your line should consist of several sections with different parameters you can add an additional section,this is most useful if you have short cable sections in your overhead line.

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2.2 Fault Location

Now that all required data for the fault locator is specified, the fault locator can be executed.

Figure 5: Fault locator button

The fault locator view is opened and a calculated fault location displayed.

Figure 6: Evaluated single-sided fault location

The fault locator calculates the fault location at about 5.7 km distance from K1. For a line to earth fault with asingle-sided fault location calculation the k-factor defined in the relay is crucial. In order to minimize theinfluence of the k-factor and to make the fault location more precise, a double-ended fault location could beperformed.

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3 Locating the Fault with Two Fault Records

The benefit in locating a fault with two fault records is that for the calculation of the fault location the k-factoris not taken into account. For this reason potential imprecision can be eliminated and a more precise faultlocation is possible.

For the double-ended fault location the second fault record from the opposite side of the line has to beloaded into the last calculation. Therefore navigate to the menu bar and selectInsert -> Fault Record....

Figure 7: Loading the second fault record

3.1 Configuration

This fault record is now loaded as network node K2, whereas the first fault record stands for K1. Again the signals have to be assigned for the second fault record as described before (Figure 2). Additionally check if the CT starpoint direction is correct. This information is crucial for the double-ended faultlocation. Without this information being correct, locating a fault is not possible.

In the Fault Locator tab it has to be checked if the network node at the opposite end of the line is set to K1.

The line data has already been defined when we imported the first fault record, so we don't have to changeanything there. The line data for the nodes K1 and K2 are automatically matched.

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Figure 8: Check opposite network node

3.2 Fault Location

After these settings have been checked, switch back to the fault locator (Figure 5). If the double-ended faultlocation is successful, three curves should be displayed.

If you note slight changes in the synchronization of the two fault records, please do not worry. To make thecalculation more precise the fault locator algorithms in TransView automatically synchronizes the two faultrecords using the prefault state. This synchronization is far more precise than any manually performedsynchronization.

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Figure 9: Fault locator result

K1:Evaluation (double-ended) shows the evaluated fault location using both fault records. For this methodthe k-factor set for the line is not necessary. With a high probability the fault is located where the double-ended evaluation shows it. Another rule is that the spikier this curve is the higher is the probability of the faultlocated at that position. It's very much an interpretation of statistical data using the average and the standarddeviation. The less dependable the input data due to distortions or non-sinusoidal wave forms is, the largerthe standard deviation.

K1:Evaluation and K2:Evaluation_1 show the fault location calculated with only the signals for a singlenetwork node. For this method the k-factor of the line is very important.In our case the fault location calculated with the signals from K1 is quite far apart from the fault location

calculated with the signals from the other end of the line. This typically shows that thek-factor set for the line isn't adequate enough.

As the fault location from the two-ended fault locator is very dependable you can now try to find out what thecorrect k-factor is. If it is a lot different than the original factor it is advisable that you measure the k-Factorfor example using a CPC100, as your distance protection cannot work correctly with wrong parameters.

Therefore switch back to the Network Configuration and change the k-factor for the line until both curves getclose to each other.

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Figure 10: Changing the k-factor values

A good result looks as follows:

Figure 11: Corrected fault locator result

With this result the engineer knows that with a very high probability the fault is located somewhere betweenkm 5.9 and km 6.4.

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OMICRON is an international company serving the electrical power

industry with innovative testing and diagnostic solutions. The application of

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