Centre de Recherche en Santé de NounaBurkina Faso

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Dr. Ali SIÉDirector of the Centre de Rechercheen Santé de Nouna (CRSN)

Address BP 02 Nouna, Burkina FasoPhone 00226-20-537043Fax 00226-20-537055E-Mail alisie.crsn@fasonet.bfHomepage www.crsn-nouna.bf

CONTACT

WELCOME TO THE CENTRE DERECHERCHE EN SANTÉ DE NOUNA

Kadi DjimSecretary of the CRSN

As most of the Sub Saharan African Health Research Centers, CRSN has undergone profound changes over the past decades, from a local centre, cooperating with a single Northern partner, to a national center with diverse partners in the North, and, equally im-portant, strong partnerships in the South. North and South still have to go a long way to reduce the im-balance in research between developing and indus-trialized countries. This process demands rethinking and courage on all sides, the research partners of the North and the South and the funding institutions. We invite you to join us on this road.

Nouna

OuagadougouBurkina Faso

A F R I C A

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PARTNERSHIP IN RESEARCHTo conduct community-based and clin-ical research

To develop Nouna district hospital and CRSN into a community and clinical trial site which meets international standards

To collaborate within the DSS network on technical strengthening, method-ology development and population based research

To conduct multidisciplinary health re-search for health policy planning

To train health staff

To achieve financial autonomy through diversification of research partnership and funding

This graph illustrates the strong part-nership between the CRSN, the Minist-ry of Health of Burkina Faso, the Univer-sity of Ougadougou and the University of Heidelberg, The CRSN is a member of international networks such as IN-DEPTH.Currently, the German Research Foun-dation (Deutsche Forschungsgemein-

schaft [DFG]) is funding a major com-ponent of research activities in Nouna through a collaborative research grant (Sonderforschungs-Bereich [SFB]). This is supplemented by a core grant of the Land Baden-Württemberg. Additional important grants are from the Volks-wagen Foundation and the European Union.

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH CENTER

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

• Biomedical Research – parasitology (malaria), microbiology (epidemic meningitis), virology (HIV/AIDS), entomology

• Clinical Research – on infectious diseases, in particular malaria, bacte- rial meningitis and HIV/AIDS. Clinical malaria trials, malaria case manage- ment, reproductive health

• Health System Research – treatment seeking behaviour, quality of care, health financing, translational research, health and equity, health and migration, and poverty reduction

• Environment and Health

RESEARCH COOPERATION

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Board of Trustees CountryDr. S. Owusu-Agyei, Chair GhanaDr. S. Hirve, Vice Chair IndiaDr. A. Razzaque BangladeshDr. H. Mshinda TanzaniaDr. P. Aaby Guinea BissauDr. S. Punpueng ThailandDr. T. Williams KenyaDr. R. Rabinovich USADr. C. Mbacké Senegal

Executive DirectorOsman A. Sankoh Ghana

Thailand

Mozambique

The Centre is part of the INDEPTH NETWORK, an international net-work of 38 field sites in develo-ping countries with continuous demographic evaluation of populati-ons and their health.

INDEPTH Field Sites Worldwide in 2007

. 38 sites

. 19 countries

. a population of >1,600,000 under long term follow-up

INDEPTH NET-WORK includes

India

Ghana

Burkina Faso

Mali

Guinea-Bissau

South Africa

Kenya

Tanzania

Zambia

Uganda

Ethiopia Vietnam

Bangla- desh

I n d o n e s i a

Senegal

Gambia

CAPACITY BUILDING

For formal training, intensive efforts have been made to enroll staff of the Centre in post-graduate training pro-grams (MSc or PhD) at the University of Heidelberg/Germany, the University of Wits/South Africa, INED/Université de Paris XII/France. CRSN staff is currently enrolled in formal post-graduate trai-ning in. biochemistry. molecular entomology. molecular parasitology. epidemiology. public health. demography

on the job training and short courses are offered in. research proposal writing. epidemiology statistical analysis. lab techniques . information technology

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EPI - Info Software training, 2007

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NOUNA – HEIDELBERG RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP AND BEYOND

As most of the Sub-Saharan African Health Research Centres, CRSN has und-ergone profound changes over the past decades, from a local centre, coopera-ting with a single Northern partner (Uni-versity of Heidelberg), to a national cen-tre with diverse partners in the North, and, equally important, strong partner-ships in the South.

Nouna is successfully evolving by diver-sifying partnerships and funding. Hei-delberg University continues to feel en-gaged with this partnership and is proud to facilitate this important process.

North and South still have a long way to go to reduce the imbalance in research between developing and industrialized countries. At present the international research community is going through a demanding learning process. One of the results of this process is the growing awareness that results from scientific activities should not be the only crite-ria by which success is measured. The interaction between scientists and the public as well as between research and every day life, is equally important.

The University of Heidelberg and CRSN

foster the idea of one, world-wide sci-entific community that meets the needs of the communities in which the re-search is conducted and contributes to world-wide sustainable development.

CRSN and the University of Heidelberg have adopted the 11 principles of Re-search Partnerships with Developing Countries1. They invite partners from around the world to join in:

To guarantee a continuous learning and planning process, research stee-ring committees, both in Nouna and in Heidelberg, were established. The two steering committees have regular indi-vidual and joint meetings.

To improve communication, an inter-active homepage has been established which allows symmetrical access to information and steering tools. This is an excellent way for planning and con-ducting joint research projects (time plan, staffing, travel plans, budget) and training.

Clinical research is particularly de-manding with regard to fulfilling the principles of true partnership. Patients rights and individual patient’s health benefits, appropriateness of research for the community as a whole, stan-dards of conduct of clinical research, are all issues to be addressed and solved.

Our ultimate goal of clinical research is the alleviation of sufferance and the promotion of a healthy life. Since we started to intensify clinical research in Nouna, we have regular meetings and follow-up workshops. Our meetings and planning is guided by working towards a clinical trial plat-form in Nouna which meets internati-onal standards. At the same time, we carefully watch over appropriate health benefits for the individuals and the community.These processes demand rethinking and courage from the research partners of the North and the South as well as from funding institutions.

1 Swiss Commission for Research Partnership with develop-ing countries (1998) Guidelines for Research in Partnership with Developing Countries. http://www.kfpe.ch/key_activi-ties/publications/guidelines/guidelines_e.phpF Binka (2005) North-South research collaboration: a move towards a true partnership. Trop Med Int Health 10: 207

W Krull (2005) Helping to create symmetric partnership: a new approach to supporting research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 10: 118T Junghanss (2005) North South collaboration to improve health. Trop Med Int Health 10: 117

Principles of Research Partnerships

1. Decide on the objectives together

2. Built up mutual trust3. Share information; develop networks4. Share responsibility5. Create transparency6. Monitor and evaluate collaboration7. Disseminate the results8. Apply the results9. Share profits equitably10. Increase research capacity11. Build on the achievements

NHRC, Navrongo / Ghana, 2005 CRSN, Nouna / Burkina Faso, 2006North - South partnership with a strong South - South component is fostered by the Volkswagen Foundation Program “ Knowledge for tomorrow - cooperative research in Sub - Saharan Africa”: Workshop of the project “Meningococcal meningitis in Sub - Saharan Africa: from the understand-ing of the dynamics of colonization and disease patterns to improved control”. Project partners from Navrongo, Nouna, Basle, Heidelberg and representatives of the VolkswagenFoundation.

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RESEARCH STEERING COMMITTEE NOUNA

RESEARCH STEERING COMMITTEE HEIDELBERG

Mem

bers

Coo

rdin

atio

n M

embers

Coordination

C. Ouedraogo

Ali Sié

M. Sanon

C. Bagagnan

S. Simboro

B. Coulibaly

M. Yé

A. Zoungrana

O. Millogo

T. Junghanss J. Kaur

A. KapaunS. Borrmann

O. MüllerM. Sarker

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MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE CRSN - MoH

ETHICS COMMITTEES

To assure good resource management, the CRSN management committee was cre-ated in 2000 on recommendation of the Ministry of Health to review and approve the overall CRSN program, research projects, budgets and financial management

Research projects of the CRSN are approved at two levels:

• the Local Ethics Committee (since November 2001) composed of scientists and representatives of the local community and

• the National Ethics Committee (since May 2003)

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Members of the Steering Committee LevelDirector of Research and Planning of the Ministry of Health NationalAdministrative and Financial Director of the Ministry of Health NationalDirector of Human Resources of the Ministry of health NationalRegional Health Director of Boucle du Mouhoun RegionalMedical District Officer of Nouna District LocalHigh Commissioner of Nouna Province Local

Steering Committee members and CRSN research team during the 2007 meeting in Nouna

Members of the Local Ethics Committee July 2007

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SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH GRANT SFB 544 “Control of Tropical Infectious Disease”

The CRSN has an international Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) created in 2000 following the decision of the Ministry of Health (MoH). Meetings are annually with the following objectives:

• To direct the CRSN research project according to the national research priorities; • To assess the quality of research projects and programs and provide recommendations on strategic planning; • To increase the capacity of the CRSN by sharing institutional strengths among research partners; • To provide guidance for training programs

Member of the Scientific Advisory Board Institution/Country

Prof. Gilles BIBEAU, ChairAnthropologue, Faculté des Etudes Supérieures, Université de Montréal, Canada

Dr. Mamadou Souncalo TRAOREMédecin épidemiologiste, DER de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontostomatologie Université du Mali, Bamako, Mali

Prof. Mamadou SAWADOGOPharmacien Biochimiste, Doyen de l’ UFR des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Dr. Nicola MEDAMédecin épidémiologiste, UFR des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Prof. Jean Remy Davée GuimaraesInstitut de Biophysique Carlos Chagas Filho, Université Fé-dérale le de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil

Dr. Sodiomon Bienvenu SIRIMA Médecin épidémiologiste, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Dr. André SOUBEIGA Socio-Anthropologue UFR Sciences Humaine l’Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death, accounting for one third of the estimated 54 million annual deaths worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with nearly half of all infectious disease-caused deaths worldwide. Malaria, tuberculo-sis, and HIV/AIDS account for the ma-jority of deaths in developing countries now and in the years to come. In the re-cent past, political will and social sup-port are finally materializing to mount an effective fight against the deadly epi-demics. It is the aim of SFB544 „Control of Tropical Infectious Diseases“ to con-tribute to this fight on all levels. This SFB constitutes a unique network

that combines basic research projects identifying drug targets and test-ing compounds with clinical research projects implementing new therapies through controlled trials and with pub-lic health projects, making sure that those interventions reach the people in need. The majority of SFB544 projects work on malaria, while three projects each address trypanosomatids and HIV/AIDS, and a new project targets Dengue fever, today the most common arthro-pod-borne viral disease worldwide. The ambitious research program of SFB544 is only possible through our long-stand-ing and very fruitful collaboration with the Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN) in Nouna, Burkina Faso. In the current period, this has been ex-tended to Nouna district hospital which is transforming into a clinical research centre qualified for international phase II/III drug and vaccination trials. The current funding period has also seen extended collaborations with other clinical, laboratory and public health re-search partners, in particular linking re-search at Navrongo (Ghana) and at the Centre Hopitalier Universitaire in Oua-gadougou with the CRSN in the context of South-South collaborations. SFB544 and the associated research groups are excited and pleased with these develop-ments and look forward to a successful continuation of our very fruitful collab-oration with the CRSN and its partners.

Prof H.-G. KräusslichSpeaker of the collaborative research grant (SFB) “Control of Tropical Infectious Disease”,

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Age Pyramid of the Nouna DSS, 2003 (complete data)

Most frequent cause of death by age group, Nouna DSS, 1999 - 2003

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

4866124

175393

497633

825

875998

1,1911,457

1,5851,932

2,454

FemalesN=30257

DSS Nouna, Burkina Faso

MalesN=30653

3,060

3,950

4,361

5,631

113

163330

436510

637737

8581,351

1,3511,593

1,916

2,4533,783

4,416

4,623

5,548

Age pyramid 2003

NOUNA DISTRICT HOSPITAL

The District Hospital of Nouna was founded by the physician Yalgado Ouedraogo, the Catholic Mission and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).It is one of the 63 district hospitals in Burkina Faso. The hospital ser-

ves as the referral centre for the 27 peripheral health posts (CSPS) in the Nouna Health District and covers a population of about 300 000 inha-bitants. The units of the hospital are Surgery, Internal Medicine, Paediatrics, Mater-nity, Ophtalmology, ENT, Dental Care,Psychiatry, Dermatology including tuberculosis and leprosy, Emergency Care, Radiology, Occupational Health and Pharmacy. The hospital has 88 beds. In 2007, around 1700 inpati-ents and 3400 outpatients have been attended to. Additionally, nearly 1500 pupils and public servants have been looked after in the Occupatio-nal Health Unit.

Participants of the 1. Nouna Hospital Workshop 2004

In developing countries Demographic Surveillance Systems (DSS) provide an excellent basis for research in epi-demiology, clinical sciences, health economics and social sciences and for health reporting. The DSS site of the CRSN covers an area of 1.775 km2 with 76.000 inhabitants in a rural and semi-urban environment.

On the basis of the DSS data a num-ber of regionally and scientifically im-portant epidemiological studies have been carried out, such as risk factors for childhood mortality in Burkina Faso, seasonal patterns of mortality in the Nouna DSS and mapping of child-hood mortality.

The data collected and analyzed in the DSS Nouna is contributing to the larger pool of the INDEPTH network of which CRSN is a partner.

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Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna

Nouna

Burkina Faso

StaffDirection

ServiceAdministratifet Financier

Servicedes Enquêtes et des Sondages

ServiceGestion del’Information

Servicede Laboratoire

ServiceRechercheet Formation

Scientists

1 Biologist 1 Public Health Specialist 1 Pharmacist 1 Demographer 1 Health Economist 6 Physicians 1 Sociologist 1 Anthropologist 1 Computer Scientist

Scientific Support Staff

1 Data manager assistant 2 Data Entry Supervisor 5 Data Entry Clerks 2 Archivists 1 GIS Specialist, Cartographer 6 Lab Technicians 1 Entomological Lab technician 4 Assistants of the Lab Tech. 4 Data collect Supervisors 14 Interviewers 2 Male nurses 1 Social Assistant

Management Support Staff

1 Director 1 Secretary 1 Accountant 2 Assistant accountants 3 Drivers-mechanics 3 Watchmen

Temporary staff is hired for specific studies.

C. Ouedraogo

V. COULIBALY N. DAKUYO N. DAMA

J.-E. Ouedraogo H. NEYA M. SISSOKO

Ali Sié K. Djim

M. Sanon C. Bagagnan

S. Coulibaly V. Coulibaly J. Dembélé

G. DraboA. DraboA. Diaby

B. Sama S. Simboro O. Traoré

M. Yelemou A. Zakané

B. Coulibaly

F. d’AssiseGonro A. Compaore J.Nankoné

S. OuédraogoNestor Dembele

M. Yé

J. Ganamé B. HoferM. Bountogo

A. Zoungrana C. N. I. Ouédraogo

A. Sanou D. Baillou I. Cissé

B. Dembélé N. Dembélé P. Dembélé

S. Diarra Z. Drabo S. Ky

L. Koura/Keita S. Maiga A. Ouédraogo

M. Sanogo I. Sow S. Toé

A. Traoré D. Zerbo

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A. Ouédraogo S. Sidyané A. R. Sourgou

S. DiabatéE. Tientéga

R. Kanazoé

K. Dioma

G. Compaoré

J. Tiendrébéogo

O. ZidaS. Traoré

T. Traoré L. OuattaraA. Pacéré

M. Fritzsche

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LABORATORY at Nouna District Hospital

The new laboratory of CRSN was integrated into the District Hospital in 2005. The research laboratory thus creates a spin off into the community through training of hospital tech-nicians and provision of laboratory services to pa-tients. Laboratory services offered to in- and outpatients include routine diagnostic

t e s t s in hematology, biochemistry, microbiology, serology and parasi-tology. Patients enrolled in natio-nal health programs and research projects are offered specific tests, e.g. voluntary HIV testing, CD 4 count for HIV infected patients on treatment.

The CRSN laboratory has become the leading PCR laboratory for HIV de-tection in new born infants from HIV infected mothers. The microbiology unit is foreseen as a regional reference laboratory for meningitis surveillance. Special equipment: ELISA reader (computer assisted), cell counter (Sysmex and Becton Coulter), FACS counter, FACS Scan, laminar flow bench, spectrophotometry, PCR (thermocycler, gel camera etc), deep freezer (-80°C), and high quality microscopes .

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CLINICAL RESEARCHat Nouna District Hospital

CRSN and Nouna district hospital are accumulating an impressive record of community based and clinical trials. Clinical research activities started in 1999 with a large WHO-funded commu-nity-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of zinc supplementa-tion on malaria morbidity. The zinc trial was followed by a RCT on the long-term effects of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) on the malaria morbidity and mortality and on the overall mortality in children. Several malaria drug trials have been carried our recently (methy-lene blue and azithromycin combination therapies). With increasing experience with phase II / III clinical trials, CRSN and Nouna District Hospital are developing

into a site which meets international standards.To improve and standardize individual patient care, clinical management pro-cedures are being investigated, such as diagnosis and treatment of children with impaired consciousness with parti-cular emphasis on complicated malaria and bacterial meningitis. In the area of HIV, determinants of mother-to-child transmission are investigated.High standards of clinical data documen-tation and management and laboratory facilities are a prerequisite for clinical re-search and for fulfilling the requirements of a clinical trial site. CRSN and Nouna, together with partners from Heidelberg University Hospital, have substantially invested in this field in recent years.

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PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE CRSN AND NOUNA HEALTH DISTRICT

HEALTH SYSTEM RESEARCH

The Nouna Health District and the CRSN share the mission to impro-ve the health of the community by offering affordable health care and by translating research results into clinical practice. The Nouna Health District and the CRSN are strongly interacting at an institutional level. The Nouna District Hospital, (Centre medical avec antenne chir-urgical de Nouna [CMA]), has bene-fited from sustained support provi-ded by CRSN. Currently, six medical doctors, two biologists, three labora-tory technicians and a paediatric nurse employed by the CRSN support the clinical services of the hospital. Furthermore, a new emergency department was built and an ultra-sound unit established, again with the aim to improve the clinical

research infrastruc-ture and the quality of care at the same time. CRSN and the district hospital are working together with the Northern research partners towards de-veloping the district hospital into a clini-cal trial site which meets international standards.

Health System Research (HSR) is an important part of CRSN research and supports the decision-making process at all levels of the health system. HSR addresses cultural beliefs influencing health- seeking and health-promotion and its socio-economic, political, and physical context.

Among the barriers preventing sick people from seeking care, the cost of health care has consistently been shown to be crucial. Community-based health insurance (CHI) schemes have the potential to lower the financial bar-rier and improve access to health care, thereby contributing to better health outcomes. A joint research project of the CRSN and the University of Heidel-berg addresses this problem.

The state and development of qua-lity of care delivered by health faci-lities in Nouna health district have been both, a policy and a research issue for the past 20 years. Quality of care has been a constant concern and it has been the focus of intense research efforts and interventions. It is an extremely difficult problem

to tackle and is resistant to simple uni-dimensional solutions. While it is obvious that a basic level of fa-cilities, infrastructure, equipment and consumables is necessary, it is not sufficient to improve the quality of care. The reseach challenge is to find new strategies to innovate exis-ting institutional frameworks and to bridge the gap between health care providers and the communities they serve.

Studies are carried out to address the health of vulnerable groups. Different approaches to improve immunization coverage for children are investigated. In the framework of maternal health care the community-effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) is studied with various approaches (so-cial marketing, combination with an-tenatal care service).

Environmental aspects of health are increasingly recognized. The impact of climatic change and environmen-tal factors on malaria transmission is currently being investigated.

Health insurance for universal coverage

Quality of care

Improving maternal and child health care

Ecosystem approach of health

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FUNDING

European Union

Rockefeller Foundation

Roll Back Malaria and TDR/WHO

Union des Banques Suisses (UBS)

Com

peti

tive

res

earc

h gr

ants

Links to web-pages of thecollaboration partners

. www.sfb544.de

. www.hd-nouna.org

. www.indepth-network.net

. www.primature.gov.bf

. www.worldbank.org

. www.eurunion.org

. www.who.int

Cor

e su

ppor

t

Government of Burkina FasoMinisterium für Forschung, Bildung und Kunst

Baden-Württemberg, Germany

COOPERATING PARTNERS

• Centre Muraz (Projet IMMPACT) • Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP) • Institut National des Sciences des Sociétés (INSS) • Institut de Recherche sur le Dével- oppement (IRD) • Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD) • Ministère de l’Enseignement de Base et de l’Alphabétisation (MEBA) • Programme National de Lutte con- tre le Paludisme (PNLP) • Institut Supérieur des Sciences de Population (ISSP) (ex-UERD) • UFR-SDS /Université de Ouagadougou • Programme National de Préventi- on de la Transmission Mère-Enfant (PTME) du VIH/SIDA • Direction Générale de la Météorologie • Centre International de Formation en Recherche Action (CIFRA)

• International Network of field sites with continuous Demo- graphic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH Network) • Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique/ Mali • University of Heidelberg / Germany • Health System Trust, South Africa • IHCAR-Karolinska Institute / Sweden • Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences- Dar es Salam / Tanzania • Nuffield Institute for Health /UK • University of Montréal / Canada • Institut de Santé Publique de l’Université Makerere / Ouganda • WHO/ TDR • WHO / Gender and Reproductive Rights Unit (GRR), Department of Reproductive Health and Research • Institut Universitaire des Etudes pour le Développement de Genève (IUED)/ Switzerland • Swiss Tropical Institute/Basle/ Switzerland • Pfizer • Sanofi

National Institutions Regional and International Institutions

German Research Foundation

Volkswagen Foundation

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DSM

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2003

Müller O, Traoré C, Kouyaté B, Becher H (2003) Effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) on malaria morbi-dity and all-cause mortality in infants of a malaria holoendemic area in rural Burkina Faso. Acta Tropica, 83 (supple-ment): 71-72

Müller O, Garenne M, Kouyaté B, Becher H (2003) The association between prote-in-energy malnutrition, malaria mor-bidity and all-cause mortality in West African children. Trop Med Int Health; 8(6):507-511

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Cairns J, Sauerborn R (2003) A comparison of reliability of the takte-it-or-leave-it and the bidding game approaches to estimating willing-ness-to-pay in a rural population in West Africa. Soc Sci Med, 56(10): 2181-9

Müller O, Traoré C, Becher H, Kouyaté B (2003) Malaria morbidity, treatment-see-king behaviour and mortality in a cohort of young children in rural Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health; 8(4): 290-296

Müller O, Traoré C, Jahn A, Becher H (2003) Severe anaemia in West Afri-can children: malaria or malnutrition. Lancet; 361(9351): 86-87

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R (2003) Gender’s effect on willigness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Policy; 64(2): 153-62

Müller O, Traoré C, Kouyaté B (2003) Clinical efficacy of chloroquine in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria - a community-based study in rural Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health; 8(3): 202-203

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Cairns J, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R (2003) Willingness to pay for community-based insurance in Nouna, Burkina Faso. Health Economics; 12 (10): 849-862

Schirmer H, Coulibaly B, Stich A, Schei-wein M, Merkle H, Eubel J, Becker K, Becher H, Müller O, Zich T, Schiek W, Kouyaté B (2003) Methylene blue as an antimalaria agent-past and future. Redox Report (8); 272-76

Becher H, Müller O, Jahn A, Gbangou A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B (2003) Risk factors for childhood mortality: Survival analysis of 11.312 children in rural Bur-kina Faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation

PUBLICATIONS

2003

2004

Müller O, Garenne M, Reitmeier P, Baltussen van Zweeden A, Kouyaté B, Becher H (2003) Effect of zinc supple-mentation on growth in West African children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso. Int J Epidemiol. (32); 1098-1102

Sankoh O, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B, Becher H (2003) Patterns of adult and old-age mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Journal of Public Health Medicine. Jour-nal of Public Health Medicine; 25(4)

Sauerborn R, Gbangou A, Dong H, Przy-borski JM, Lanzer M (2004) Willigness to pay for hypothetical malaria vaccines. Scand J Publ Health

De Allegri M, Kouyaté B, Dong H, Sauer-born R (2004) Take health into our own hands - Community-based health insu-rance in Burkina Faso. (e-letter) British Medical Journal; Available at http://bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/328/7443/DC1#58582

Miaffo C, Somé F, Kouyaté B, Jahn A, Müller O (2004) Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso; BMC Pregnancy and Child-birth – Volume 4; 4:18

Müller O, Traoré C, Kouyaté B (2004) Efficacy of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal, 3:10

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2004

Becher H, Müller O, Jahn A, Gbangou A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B (2004) Risk Factors of infants and child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the WHO; 82:265-273

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Cairns J, Sauerborn R (2004) Differential willigness of hou-sehold heads to pay community-based health insurance premia for themselves and other household members. Health Policy and Planning; 19(2): 120-126

Dong H, Mugisha F, Gbangou A, Kouyaté B, Sauerborn R (2004) The feasibility of community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Policy; 69: 45-53

Müller O, Razum O, Traoré C, Kouyaté B (2004) Community effectiveness of chloroquine and traditional remedies in the treatment of young children with falciparum malaria in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria Jounral 3:36, Oct. 20

Mugisha F, Kouyaté B, Dong H, Chepng’Eno G, Sauerborn R (2004) The two faces of enhancing utilization of health services: determinants of patients initiation and retention in rural Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the WHO; 82:572-579

2005

Abdel Aziz I, Oster N, Stich A, Coulibaly B, Guiguemdé W, Wickert H, Andrews K, Kouyaté B, Lanzer M (2005) Associa-tion of Plasmodium falciparum isolates encoding the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene K76T poly-morphism with anemia and splenome-galy, but not with multiple infections. Am. J. Trp. Med. Hyg. 72(3), 2005, pp. 252-255

Becher H and Kouyaté B. (eds) (2005) Health Research in Developing Coun-tries: a collaboration between Burkina Faso and Germany. Springer Verlag Heidelberg 2005

Coulibaly B, Meissner P, Mandi G, Mans-mann U,Witte S, Schiek W, Müller O, Dong H J, Kouyaté B, Cairns J and Sauer-born R. (2005) Inequality in willingness-to-pay for community-based health insurance. Health Policy 72(2): 149-56

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R (2005) Inequality in willingness-to-pay for community-based health insurance. HealthPolicy 72(2):149-56

Ganamé J, Yé M, Kouyaté B, Coulibaly B. (2005) Bilan deux ans de mise en œuvre du programme de prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH dans le District Sanitaire de Nouna Burkina Faso: perspectives et nouvelles ques-tions. Vitrine sanitaire de la Boucle du

Mouhoun. N° 6 du 11.Fevrier 2005

Kynast-Wolf G, Hammer GP, Müller O, Kouyaté B, Becher H. Season of death, and of birth, predict patterns of mortality in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Epidemiology 34: 1-9 (2005)

Mandi G, Witte S, Meissner P, Couli-baly B, Mansmann U, Rengelshausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A, Sanon M, Wüst K, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD, Schirmer H, Kouyaté B, Mül-ler O. (2005) Safety of the combination of chloroquine and methylene blue in healthy adult men with G6PD deficiency from rural Burkina Faso. Tropical Medi-cine & International Health 10: 32-38

Meissner P, Coulibaly B, Mandi G, Mansmann U, Witte S, Schiek W, Müller O, Schirmer H, Mockenhaupt F, Bienzle U. (2005) Diagnosis of red cell G6PD deficiency in rural Burkina Faso. Com-parison of a rapid f luorescent enzyme test on filter paper to PCR based geno-typing. British Journal of Haematology 131: 395-99

Meissner P, Mandi G, Witte S, Couli-baly B, Mansmann U, Rengelshausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A, Sanon M, Tapsoba T, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel K, Schirmer H, Kouyate B, Müller O. (2005) Safety of the methylene blue plus chloroquine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum

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malaria in young children of Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal 4: 46

Miaffo C, Some F, Kouyate B, Jahn A, Müller O. (2005) Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso. BMC Pregnancy Child-birth. 2004 Aug 27;4(1):18

Müller O, Kouyaté B. Ethics of biome-dical research in developing countries. In: Heiko Becher & Bocar Kouyaté (Eds.) (2005) Health Research in Developing Countries (pp.33-42). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Sarker M, Milkowski A, Slanger T, Gondos A, Sanou A, Kouyate B, Snow R. (2005a) The role of HIV related know-ledge and Ethnicity in determining HIV risk perception and willingness to un-dergo HIV testing among rural women in Burkina Faso. AIDS and Behaviour 9: 243-49

Sarker M, De Allegri M, Sanou B, Palé A, Snow R., Boehler T. (2005b) Knowledge, Perception and Attitude to HIV/AIDS: Building Community Support for Pre-vention of Mother to Child Transmission Services in Rural Burkina Faso. Curare 28: 237-46

Sauerborn R, Gbangou A, Dong H, Przy-borski JM, Lanzer M. (2005) Willing-ness to pay for a hypothetical malaria

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Traoré C, Palé A. (2005) Health and ine-qualities in the rural district of Nouna, Burkina Faso. INDEPTH Working paper Series Number 3; July

Witte S, Mansmann U, Schuldt H, Man-di G, Meissner P, Tabsoba E, Coulibaly B, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Rengelshau-sen J, Schiek W, Schirmer H, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2005) Safety of the combi-nation of chloroquine and methylene blue in healthy adult men with G6PD deficiency from rural Burkina Faso. Forschungsbericht der Abteilung Medi-zinische Biometrie Nr. 50, Universität Heidelberg

Witte S, Meissner P, Schuldt H, Mans-mann U, Mandi G, Tabsoba E, Junghanss T, Coulibaly B, Rengelshausen J, Schiek W, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2005) Safety and efficacy of the combination of chloroquine and methylene blue in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of Burkina Faso. Forschungsbericht der Abteilung Medizinische Biometrie Nr. 53, Universi-tät Heidelberg

2006

Akunne A.F, Bridges J.F; Sanon M and Sauerborn R. (2006) Comparison of individual and group valuation of health state scenarios across communities in West Africa. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 5(4): 261-8

Akunne AF, Louis VR, Sanon M, Sauer-born R. (2006) Biomass solid fuel and acute respiratory infections: the venti-lation factor. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Sep; 209 (5):445-50. Epub 2006 Jun 9

Baltussen R, Ye Y. (2006) Quality of care of modern health services as percei-ved by users and non-users in Burkina Faso. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006 Feb; 18(1):30-4. Epub 2005 Oct 18

Collenberg E., Ouedraogo T, Ganamé J, Fickenscher H, Kynast-Wolf G, Becher H, Kouyaté, B, Kräusslich H.-G, Sangaré L and. Tebit D M. (2006) Seroprevalence of six different viruses among pregnant wo-men and blood donors in rural and urban Burkina Faso: A comparative analysis. J. Med. Virol. 78:683-92

De Allegri M, Kouyaté B, Becher H, Gbangou A, Pokhrel S, Sanon M and Sauerborn R. (2006) Understanding en-rolment in community health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa: population-based case-control study in rural Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ. 84(11): 852-8

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Bridges J, Sauer-born R. (2006) Understanding consu-mers‘ preferences and decision to enrol in community-based health insurance in rural West Africa. Health Policy. 2006 Mar; 76(1):58-71. Epub 2005 Jun 8.

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Bridges J and Sauerborn R. (2006) Exploring the relati-onship between consumers’ preferences and decision to enrol in community-based health insurance in rural West Africa. Health Policy 7(1): 58-71

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Sauerborn R. (2006) „To enrol or not to enrol?”: a qualitative investigation of demand for health insurance in rural West Africa. Soc Sci Med. 62(Suppl 6): 1520-7

Dong H, Gbangou A, De Allegri M, Pokhrel S, Sauerborn R. (2006) The differences in characteristics between health-care users and non-users: impli-cation for introducing community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Eur J Health Econ. 2006 Dec 21

Flessa S, Kouyaté B. (2006) Implemen-ting a comprehensive cost information system in rural health facilities: the case of Nouna health district, Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine & International Health, Volume 11, Issue 9, Page 1452-1465

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Frey C, Traoré C, De Allegri M, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2006) Compliance of young children with ITN protection in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal 5: 69

Hammer GP, Kouyaté B, Ramroth H, Becher H. (2006) Risk factors for child-hood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A comparison of data from a Demographic and Health Survey and from a Demogra-phic Surveillance System. Acta Trop.: 98(3):212-218

Hammer GP, Somé F, Müller O, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B, Becher H. (2006). Pattern of cause-specific childhood mortality in a malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso. Malar J : 5(1):47

Jahn A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B, Becher H. (2006) Multiple pregnancy in rural Burkina Faso: frequency, survival, and use of health services. Acta Obstet Gyne-col Scand. 2006; 85(1):26-32.

Jahn, A., Kynast-Wolff G., Kouyaté B., Be-cher, H. (2006) Twin pregnancies in rural Burkina Faso: Frequency, mortality and use of health services. Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica 85: 26-32

Kynast-Wolf G, Hammer G, Kouyaté B, and Becher H. (2006). Season of death and birth predict patterns of mortality in Burkina Faso. Int. J. Epid. 35, 427-435

Meissner P, Mandi G, Coulibaly B, Witte S, Tapsoba T, Mansmann U, Rengels-hausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD, Schirmer H, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2006) Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine. Malaria Journal, 5: 84

Meissner P, Mandi G, Coulibaly B, Witte S, Tapsoba T, Mansmann U, Rengels-hausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD, Schirmer H, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2006) Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine. Malaria Journal 5: 84

Müller O, Becher H, Garenne M, Sié A, Kouyaté B. (2007) Malnutrition, zinc deficiency and malaria in Africa. The Lancet 369:2155-2156

Müller O, Traore C, Kouyaté B, Ye Y, Frey C et al. (2006) Effects of insecticide-treated bed net protection during early infancy in an African area of intense ma-laria transmission: randomized controlled trial. Bull World Health Organ 84: 120-126

Palé A, Ladner J. (2006) „Street“ medication in Burkina Faso: local names, social relati-onships, and alleged therapeutic effects. Santé 2006 Apr-Jun; 16(2):113-7. French

2006

Stich A, Oster N, Abdel-Aziz IZ, Stiegl-bauer G, Coulibaly B, Wickert H, McLean J, Kouyaté B, Becher H, Lanzer M. (2006) Malaria in a holoendemic area of Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional study. Parasitolo-gy Research 98:596-9

Su TT, Kouyaté B, Flessa S. (2006) Catastrophic household expenditure for health care in a low-income society: a study from Nouna District, Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organizati-on 84(1): 21-27

Su TT, Pokhrel S, Gbangou A, Flessa S. (2006) Determinants of household health expenditure on western institu-tional health care. Eur J Health Econ. Sep;7(3):199-207

Tebit DM, Ganame J, Sathiandee K, Naga-bila Y, Coulibaly B, Kräusslich HG. 2006.

Diversity of HIV in rural Burkina Faso. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43(2):144-152

Winkler V, Gbangou A, Kouyaté B, Becher H. (2006) A Simple Method to Estimate Tobacco-related Lung Cancer Deaths Based on Smoking Prevalence Data. Methods Inf Med. 45:397-403

Woehlbier U, Epp C, Kauth CW, Lutz R, Long CA, Coulibaly B, Kouyaté B, Areva-lo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Bujard H. (2006) Analysis of antibodies directed against merozoite surface protein 1 of the hu-man malaria parasite Plasmodium falci-parum. Infect Immun. Feb;74(2):1313-22

Ye Y, Hoshen M, Louis V, Seraphin S, Traore I, Sauerborn R. (2006) Housing conditions and Plasmodium falciparum infection: protective effect of iron-sheet roofed houses. Malar J. Feb 1;5:8

2007

Becher H, Kynast-Wolf G, Sié A, Ndugwa R, Ramroth H, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2007) Patterns of malaria, cause- spe-cific and all cause mortality in a malaria endemic area of West Africa. AJTMH-07-0136.R1

Beiersmann C, Sanou A, Wladarsch E, De

Allegri M, Kouyaté B, Müller O. (2007) Malaria in rural Burkina Faso: local illness concepts, patterns of traditional treatment and influence on health-see-king behaviour. Malaria Journal 6: 106

Boehler T, von Au M, Klose N, Müller K, Coulibaly B, Nauwelaers F., Spengler

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H.P., Kynast-Wolf G., Kräusslich H.-G. (2007). Evaluation of a simplified dual-platform flow cytometric method for measurement of lymphocyte subsets and T-cell maturation phenotypes in the population of Nouna, Burkina Faso. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14(6):775-781

De Allegri M, Sarker M, Hofmann J, Sanon M, Böhler T. (2007) A qualitative investigation into knowledge, beliefs, and practices surrounding mastitis in sub-Saharan Africa: what implications for vertical transmission of HIV? BMC Public Health. Feb 23,7:22

Dong H, Gbangou A, De Allegri M, Pokhrel S and Sauerborn R. (2007) The differences in characteristics between health-care users and non-users - Impli-cation for introducing community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Eur J Health Econ. DOI 10.1007/s10198-006-0031-4

Fottrell E, Byass P, Ouedraogo TW, Tamini C, Gbangou A, Sombie I, Hogberg U, Witten KH, Bhattacharya S, Desta T, Deganus S, Tornui J, Fitzmaurice AE, Meda N, Graham WJ. (2007) Revealing the burden of maternal mortality: a probabilistic model for determining pregnancy-related causes of death from verbal autopsies. Popul Health Metr. Feb 8; 5:1.

Garenne M, Becher H, Ye Y, Kouyate B, Muller O. (2007) Sex-specific responses to zinc supplementation in Nouna, Bur-kina Faso. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 May;44(5):619-28.

Klose N, Coulibaly B, Tebit DM, Nau-welaers F, Spengler HP, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B, Kräusslich H.-G., Boehler T. (2007) Immunohematological reference values for healthy adults in Burkina Faso. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14(6):782-784

Kouyaté B, Sié A, Yé M, De Allegri M, Müller O. (2007) The great failure of ma-laria control in Africa: a district perspec-tive from Burkina Faso. PLoS Med 4(6): e127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040127. www.plosmedicine.org

Meissner P, Mandi G, Mockenhaupt F, Witte S, Coulibaly B, Mansmann U, Frey C, Schirmer RH, Müller O. Marked differences in the prevalence of chlo-roquine resistance between urban and rural communities in Burkina Faso, Acta Tropica (in press)

Müller O, Becher H, Garenne M, Sié A, Kouyaté B. (2007). Malnutrition, zinc deficiency and malaria in Africa. The Lancet 369:2155-2156

Müller O, Zoungrana A, Meissner P, Coulibaly B, Traoré S, Sié A, Walter- Sack I, Schirmer RH, Becher H, Kouyaté B.

2007

(2007) Safety and efficacy of methyle-ne blue combined with artesunate or amodiaquine for uncomplicated falcipa-rum malaria: a randomized controlled trial from Burkina Faso. Tropical Medi-cine & International Health 12 (supple-ment 1): 101-102

Ndugwa RP, Muller O, Kouyate B, Becher H, Ramroth H. (2007). Improving malaria mortality estimates for rural Africa by adding further studies. Int J Epidemiol : 36(1):242-243

Pfeiffer K, Somé F, Müller O, Sié A, Kouyaté B, Haefeli WE, Zoungrana A, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Sauerborn R. Clinical diagnosis of malaria and the risk of chloroquine self-medication in rural health centres in Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine & International Health (in press)

Sanon M, Mandi G, De Allegri M, Schirmer H, Meissner P, Müller O. (2007) Attitudes regarding colouration effects associated with methylene blue malaria treatment in a rural community of Burki-na Faso. Curare 30: 27-34

Sarker M, Aboubakary S, Snow R, Jean G, Gondos A. (2007) Determinants of HIV counseling and testing participation in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Trans-mission program in rural Burkina Faso. Tropical medicine & International Health

2007 December 12 (12) 1475–1483)

Su TT, Sanon M, Flessa S. (2007) As-sessment of indirect cost-of-illness in a subsistence farming society by using different valuation methods. Health Policy. 2007 Oct; 83 (2-3):353-62. Epub 2007 Mar 26

Ye Y, Louis VR, Simboro S, Sauerborn R. (2007) Effect of meteorological factors on clinical malaria risk among child-ren: an assessment using village-based meteorological stations and community-based parasitological survey. BMC Public Health. Jun 8; 7:101

Ye Y, Sauerborn R, Seraphin S, Hoshen M. (2007) Using modelling to assess the risk of malarial infection during the dry season, on a local scale in an endemic area of rural Burkina Faso. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. Jul;101(5):375-89

Yé Y, Traoré C, Meissner P, Coulibaly B, Becher H, Müller O. (2007) Ability of mothers to diagnose fever and anaemia in their young children in a malaria-en-demic region of West Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. Jun; 101(4):297-303