AvM÷ 2017 214 Zg msL¨vpib.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/pib.portal... · 2017-11-16 ·...

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IBw`b B‡Ëdv‡K Ab¨vb¨ Le‡ii g‡a¨ wQjÑ RvwZi e„nËi ¯^v‡_©`vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY, Rbmvavi‡Yi ¯^w¯Íi wbtk¦vm, †gvkZvK miKv‡ii cÖwZcvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^xK…wZ, bqv miKv‡ii Rb¨ Rygvi bvgvR †k‡l we‡kl †gvbvRvZ(wPÎmn), hy³iv‡óªi ¯^vfvweK K~U‰bwZK KvRKg© Pvwj‡q hvIqvi cÖm½,we‡`wk `~Zvev‡mi gh©v`v A¶yYœ ivLvi Avk¦vm, MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv‡KAcmviY K‡i we G wmwÏKx‡K †iWµ‡mi †Pqvig¨vb wb‡qvM, wb‡`©kvejx,jÛb nvBKwgkb fe‡b we‡¶vf I †mLv‡b †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Qwe bvwg‡q†djvmn K‡qKwU Lei|

`¨ evsjv‡`k UvBgm 16 AvM÷ wk‡ivbvg K‡i ÔMUSHTAQUEASSUMES PRESIDENCY.Õ hvi Dcwk‡ivbvg wQj, ÔMartial Lawproclaimed in the country : Mujib killed.’ LeiwUi †fZ‡ii As‡k†jLv nq, ÔÔThe Armed Forces of Bangladesh took over power inthe Ôgreater national interest’ under President KhondokarMushtaque Ahmed, topping the former President Sheikh MujiburRahman early on Friday morning , reports BSS.

The former President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed athis residence during the takeover, it was announced.’’

Ab¨vb¨ wk‡ivbv‡gi g‡a¨ wQjÑ ÔValues have to be rehabilitated,’ÔPeople thank Armed Forces,’ ÔSpecial prayers,’ ÔMujib pictureremoved,’ ÔUS ready to normal ties.’ ÔPakistan decides to recog-nise.’

`¨ evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi Gi wk‡ivbvg wQjÑ ÔMushtaque becomesPresident.’ LeiwUi †kvìv‡i wQjÑ ÔArmed Forces take over :Martial Law proclaimed : curfew imposed.’ Gi wUKv‡i wQjÑÔMujib killed : Situation remains calm.’ Ab¨vb¨ wk‡ivbv‡gi g‡a¨wQjÑ ÔMushtaque calls for cooperation,’ ÔSpecial prayers,’ÔJustice must be established : President- Work hard to improvecondition quickly.’ ÔPakistan accords recognition.’

IB mgq cÖKvwkZ cwÎK¸‡jvi Ici †h †mbvQvDwb mivmwi wbqš¿YcÖwZôv K‡iwQj †mwU D‡jøwLZ PviwU cwÎKvi cÖ_g cvZvq cÖKvwkZ cÖvqGKB iKg msev` Ôwe‡kl †gvbvRvZÕ (Special prayers) A_ev m¤úv`Kxq†`‡L Abygvb Kiv hvq| m¤úv`Kxq mvaviYZ †fZ‡ii c„ôvq cÖKvwkZ nq|wKš‘ 16 AvM÷ D‡jøwLZ PviwU cwÎKvi wZbwUB GK‡hv‡M cÖ_g c„ôvi euvcv‡ki `y Kjvg Ry‡o (evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi wZb Kjv‡g) we‡kl m¤úv`KxqcÖKvk K‡i| ˆ`wbK evsjvÕi m¤úv`Kxq wk‡ivbvg wQj- ÔHwZnvwmKc`‡¶cÕ| †fZ‡i †jLv nq- ÔRvZxq Rxe‡b GKwU HwZnvwmK µvwšÍi m~Pbvn‡q‡Q| RvZxq Rxe‡b m~wPZ GB HwZnvwmK c`‡¶c‡K ¯^Ztù~Z© mg_©bw`‡q‡Qb RbMY I gyw³‡hv×viv|Õ G‡Z mk¯¿evwnbxi cÖksmv K‡i ejv nq,Zviv cweÎ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| †mw`b ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki m¤úv`Kxq wQjÔHwZnvwmK behvÎvÕ bv‡g| GLv‡b †gvkZv‡Ki ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi NUbv‡K †`kI RvwZi HwZnvwmK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq|e½eÜyi kvmbKvj‡K ejv nq, Ô†m mgq †`kevmx ev¯Íe‡¶‡Î hvnv jvfKwiqv‡Q Zvnv‡K GK K_vq Mfxi nZvkv I eÂbv Qvov Avi wKQyB ejv hvqbv|Õ evsjv‡`k UvBgm Gi m¤úv`Kxq wk‡ivbvg wQjÑ ÔOn the thresh-old of a new era.’ †fZ‡i †jLv wQjÑ ÔThe valiant armed forces ofthe country under the leadership of President KhondokarMushtaque Ahmed taken over the reins of the Government in asmooth and orderly way at a time when a change had becomeabsolutely necessary; but the situation was such that no changecould be effected in a constitutional manner.’

evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi Gi m¤úv`Kxq wk‡ivbvg wQjÑ ÔHistoricalnecessity.’

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22 AvM÷ †gvkZvK miKvi ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK I msev` Zv‡ì Av‡MigvwjK‡ì Kv‡Q wdwi‡q †`qvi wm×všÍ †bq| Z_¨gš¿x Zv‡niDwÏb VvKy‡iiGB †NvlYvwU 23 AvM÷ ˆ`wbK evsjvq Qvcv nq|

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24 AvM÷ ˆ`wbK evsjvi cÖavb Lei wQj, Ô†mbvevwnbx cÖavb wn‡m‡ewb‡qvM cvb †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb| †mbvevwnbxi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU c‡ìè`‡ji Lei cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z ejv nq, wRqvDi ingvb‡K†mbvcÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q †K Gg mwdDjøvni PvKwi ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡q b¨¯ÍKiv n‡q‡Q| wewWAv‡ii gnvcwiPvjK †gRi †Rbv‡ij Lwjjyi ingvb‡KcÖwZi¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi wPd Ae wW‡dÝ ÷vd c‡` wb‡qvM †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|fvi‡Z cÖwk¶YiZ weª‡MwWqvi GBP Gg Gikv`‡K †gRi †Rbv‡ijc`gh©v`vq DbœxZ K‡i †gRi wRqvi ¯’‡j †WcywU wPd Ae Avwg© ÷vd c‡`wb‡qvM †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|Õ

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msev`cÎ I mvsevw`K‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b e½eÜy1972 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ciciB †mvbvi evsjv Movi j‡ÿ¨ †`‡kiAeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖkvmb, AvBb, wePvi eë¯’v Gesmsev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvmn G †ckvi mv‡_ mswkøó‡ì Rxe‡bi gv‡bvbœq‡bicÖwZ we‡klfv‡e bRi †`b RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| 1971mv‡ji A‡bK Av‡MB ¯^vaxb evsjv‡K mn¯ªv‡ãi Dbœq‡bi wkL‡i †cuŠQv‡bvi¯^cœ wZwb †`‡LwQ‡jb| ZvB ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz†kL gywReyi ingvb †mB ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| msev`cÎ wkíGes mvsevw`KZv †ckv‡K wbi‡cÿ Revew`wnZvg~jK Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ZuviBwb‡`©k I D‡`¨v‡M 1974 mv‡j †cÖm KvDwÝj A¨v± cÖYxZ nq| wKš‘ 1975mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax NvZKP‡µi nv‡Z wZwb mcwiev‡i wbnZnb| wZwb Zuvi ¯^‡cœi ev¯Íevqb †`‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| evsjv‡`k †cÖmKvDwÝ‡ji AvR‡Ki †h mvdj¨, Zv e½eÜzi ¯^‡cœiB ev¯Íe iƒc‡iLv|

e½eÜz wQ‡jb Ggb GKRb gvbyl, huvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK MV‡bevsjvi myeR-k¨vgj cÖK…wZ, †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl, `wi`ª-wbt¯^ gvby‡li cÖfvewQj cÖej| cÖZ¨šÍ Rbc‡` Uzw½cvovq Rb¥ †bqv †LvKv G‡ì cÖfv‡eB n‡qD‡VwQ‡jb evsjvi I we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg Awemsevw`Z †bZv| Zuvi ¯§„wZkw³ wQjcÖLi| ivRbxwZi evB‡i Kwe, mvsevw`K-mvwnwZ¨K, †L‡jvqvo, wkíx, Avgjv,K‚UbxwZK, eëmvqx, wkÿvwe`, wPwKrmK mK‡ji m‡½ m¤úK© wQj eÜzig‡Zv| we‡kl K‡i mvsevw`K‡ì mv‡_| Uzw½cvovi †LvKv GKwU RvwZigyw³`vZv I ¯^vaxbZvi ¯’cwZ n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| Gi †cQ‡b wQj msev`cÎ Imvsevw`K‡ì Ae`vb, hv wZwb memgq Dcjwä Ki‡Zb| Avi wZwb wb‡RIwKQzw`b G †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| ZvB msev`cÎ I mvsevw`K‡ìDbœq‡b wZwb Avg„Zz¨ KvR K‡i †M‡Qb| GB †ckvi `vwqZ¡ Kx, Kxfv‡e G†ckvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv evov‡bv hvqÑ G welq¸‡jv wZwb wewfbœ mgqmvsevw`K‡ì mv‡_ AvjvcKv‡j-e³‡e¨ Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb| 1972 mv‡ji 16RyjvB XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi cÖ_g evwl©K mvaviY mfvq e½eÜz cÖavbAwZw_ n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| G w`b wZwb Zuvi fvl‡Y msev`c‡Îi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv_vK‡e e‡j D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôgvbbxq mfvcwZ, myaxe„›Ì mvsevw`K fvB‡qiv, Avcbviv Rv‡bb, Avwg Avcbv‡ì A‡bK mnKg©x ïaymvsevw`K wQ‡jb bv, Zuviv Avgvi e¨w³MZ eÜz wQ‡jb| Avwg A‡bKw`bZuv‡ì m‡½ †RjLvbvq KvwU‡qwQ| Gev‡ii msMÖv‡g Zuv‡ì wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨vKiv n‡q‡Q| Zuviv AvR Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ bvB| †Zgwb bvB 30 jÿ †jvK, huvivAvZ¥vûwZ w`‡q‡Qb ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨| Zuv‡ì K_v wPiw`b Avgv‡ì‡K ¯§iYivL‡Z n‡e Ges †h Av`‡k©i Rb¨ Zuviv Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, †m Av`‡k© hw`

evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv hvq, Zvn‡j Zuv‡ì AvZ¥v kvwšÍ cv‡e| mvsevw`KfvB‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi K‡qKUv ¯úó AviR Av‡Q| Avcbviv Rv‡bb, wecø‡eigva¨‡g GB ¯^vaxbZv G‡m‡Q Ges †m wecøe wQj i³ÿqx| Ggb wecø‡ei c‡i†Kv‡bv †`k †Kv‡bv hy‡M GZUv ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB, hv AvgivKiwQ| Avgiv e¨w³¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vm Kwi, MYZ‡š¿ wek¦vm Kwi| Avgivmsev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vm Kwi| GRb¨ Avcbv‡ì †Kv‡bv KvR KL‡bv†Kv‡bviKg n¯Í‡ÿc Kwi bvB|Õ

mvsevw`KZvi Av`k© m¤ú‡K© wZwb †mw`b e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvcbviv Le‡iiKvM‡Ri ¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vm K‡ib| RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿ Iag©wbi‡cÿZvÑ GB PviwU Av`‡k©i wfwË‡Z Avgiv ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg K‡iwQGes GBme Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB ivóª cwiPvwjZ n‡e, GUvI Avcbviv wbðqBwek¦vm K‡ib| Avgiv GB PviwU Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB †`‡ki kvmbZš¿ ˆZwiKi‡Z PvB| wKš‘ MYZ‡š¿I GKUv g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| MYZ‡š¿i A_© c‡ii abPzwi, Lyb-RLg, jyUZivR ev c‡ii AwaKvi niY Kiv bq| ZviRbKj¨vYg~jK GKUv bxwZgvjv Av‡Q| mvsevw`KZviI GgbB GKUvg~jbxwZ Av‡Q|Õ

msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvcbviv `vweK‡iwQ‡jb, Avcbv‡ì c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvq †hb †Kv‡bvw`b n¯Í‡ÿc bv Kwi| wKš‘Avcbv‡ìI `vwqZ¡ Av‡Q| Avcbv‡ì mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi †h Av`k© Av‡Q,†m¸‡jv gvb‡j wK wg_¨v K_v †jLv hvq? ivZvivwZ GKUv KvMR †ei K‡i,ê‡`wkK mvnvh¨ wb‡q †KD hw` evsjvi ey‡K mv¤úª`vwqKZvi exR ecb K‡i,Zvn‡j Avcbviv wbðqB †mUv mn¨ Ki‡eb bv| KviY, Zv Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvbó Ki‡e| ÔIfviwmR cvwK¯ÍvbÕ bv‡g †Kv‡bv ms¯’v hw` GLb †_‡K Le‡iiKvMR cÖKvk K‡i, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? Avcbviv mvgvb¨ wKQz†jv‡Ki ¯^v_©, †h 30 jÿ †jvK i³ w`‡q‡Q, Zuv‡ì ¯^v_© †`L‡eb? wecø‡eic‡i G †`‡ki msev`cÎ †h ¯^vaxbZv †c‡q‡Q, Zv G‡`‡k Avi KL‡bv wQjbv| GRb¨B ivZvivwZ Le‡ii KvMR †ei K‡iB D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z msev`Qvcv‡bv nq, ÔGK jÿ evgcš’x nZ¨vÕ, Ôwegvbevwnbxi g‡a¨ we‡`ªvnÕ BZ¨vw`|wKš‘ Gme wK †jLv DwPZ? Gme Kvi ¯^v‡_© Qvcv‡bv nq?Õ

msev`cÎ I ag©wbi‡cÿZvq wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvcbvivag©wbi‡cÿZvi K_v e‡jb| AvwgI ewj| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Le‡ii KvM‡RGgb K_vI †jLv nq, hv Pig mv¤úª`vwqK| A_P mv¤úª`vwqKZvi weiæ‡×PweŸkwU eQi cÖMwZkxj mvsevw`KMY msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv msMÖvg K‡iwQ,evsjvi gvbyl msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì †Q‡jiv, Kg©xiv Rvb w`‡q‡Q, †Rj†L‡U‡Q| †m bxwZi weiæ‡× hw` †Kv‡bv mvsevw`K †j‡Lb, Zvn‡j AvcbvivKx Ki‡eb? GUvI Avcbv‡ì †f‡e †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb|Õ

(m~Î : wbixÿv, evsjv‡`k †cÖm Bbw÷wUDU, RyjvB-AvM÷, 2013, c„. 7-9, 18-19)

gyw³hy‡×i mgq ÿwZMÖ¯Í B‡ËdvK Ges msev` cwÎKvi cybe©vm‡b wZwbGwM‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ| †h mvsevw`Kiv †eKvi wQ‡jb wZwbZuv‡ì miKvwi PvKwii eë¯’v K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜzi mvsevw`K Rxebe½eÜz wb‡RI wKQzw`b mvsevw`KZv †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jbˆ`wbK B‡Ënv` cwÎKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwbwa| Z‡e wZwb wb‡RB †hmsev`Kg©x ev mvsevw`K wQ‡jb, †m K_v KLbI †Kv‡bv fvl‡Y wZwb D‡jøLK‡ibwb| G Z_¨wU Rvbv hvq, 2012 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Ôe½eÜzi AmgvßAvZ¥RxebxÕ MÖš’ †_‡K| †mLv‡b wewfbœ cÖm‡½ D‡V G‡m‡Q e½eÜzimvsevw`K-Rxe‡bi bvbv K_v| KjKvZv †_‡K Pwjø‡ki `k‡K ˆ`wbKAvRv‡ì ci gymjgvb‡ì D‡`¨v‡M ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv` bv‡g AviI GKwU ˆ`wbKcwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq| B‡Ënv` †Kb cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj Ges Gi cÖKvkbvi†cQ‡b Kviv wQ‡jb, †m cÖm‡½ e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb, ... nvwkg mv‡ne gymwjgjx‡Mi mfvcwZ n‡Z PvB‡jb| KviY, gIjvbv AvKig Luv mv‡ne c`Z¨vMK‡iwQ‡jb| knx` mv‡ne ivwR nb bvB| gIjvbv mv‡ne‡K Aby‡iva K‡ic`Z¨vMcÎ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| nvwkg mv‡ne ivM K‡i jxM †m‡µUvwic` †_‡K QzwU wb‡q ea©gv‡b P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| hLb wZwb KjKvZv Avm‡ZbwgjøvZ †cÖ‡mB _vK‡Zb| nvwkg mv‡ne GB mgq QvÎ I hyeK‡ì g‡a¨RbwcÖqZv nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì A‡b‡KiB †gvn Zuvi Dci †_‡K Qz‡UwM‡qwQj †m A‡bK K_v| wZwb KjKvZv Avm‡jB knx` mv‡n‡ei weiæ‡×mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb| Gi cÖavb KviY wQj wgjøvZ KvMR‡K ˆ`wbK Ki‡Zmvnvh¨ bv K‡i wZwb B‡Ënv` KvMR †ei K‡iwQ‡jb beveRv`v nvmvb Avjxmv‡n‡ei eë ’vcbv Ges Aveyj gbmyi Avng` mv‡n‡ei m¤úv`bvq| gIjvbvAvKig Luv mv‡n‡ei ˆ`wbK AvRvÌ †ÿ‡c wM‡qwQj knx` mv‡n‡ei Dci|KviY, c~‡e© GKgvÎ AvRv` wQj gymjgvb‡ì ˆ`wbK| GLb Avi GKUv KvMR†ei nIqv‡Z gIjvbv mv‡ne hZUv bb, Zuvi jej †ewk ivM K‡iwQj|Õ [†kLgywReyi ingvb : Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, BDwcGj, 2011, c„. 72]|

wbix¶v

e½eÜzi GB †jLv †_‡K cwi®‹vi †evSv hvq, ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv` †ei nIqvi†cQ‡b ZrKvjxb evsjvi gymwjg jx‡Mi ga¨Kvi Ø›Ø KvR KiwQj| knx`†mvnivIqv`©x GKw`‡K †hgb gIjvbv AvKig Luv m¤úvw`Z ˆ`wbK AvRv‡ìcÖfve †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, †Zgwb Aveyj nvwkg‡ì wgjøvZcwÎKvi cÖfve †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j Zuvi Abymvix Aveyjgbmyi Avng`‡K m¤úv`K K‡i bZzb KvMR cÖKvwkZ n‡jv ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`|[†kL gywReyi ingvb : Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, BDwcGj, 2011, c„. 72]|

e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb, ÔgvwbK fvB ZLb KjKvZvq B‡Ënv` KvM‡Ri†m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì UvKv-cqmvi LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| †K w`‡e? evwo †_‡Kwb‡R‡ì †jLvcovi LiPUv †Kv‡bvg‡Z Avb‡Z cvwi, wKš‘ ivRbxwZ Kivi UvKv†Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e? Avgvi GKUz m”Qj Ae ’v wQj, KviY Avwg B‡Ënv`KvM‡Ri c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZwbwa wQjvg| gv‡m cÖvq wZbkZ UvKv †cZvg|Avgvi KvR wQj G‡RwÝ¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K UvKv-cqmv Av`vq Kiv, Avi B‡Ënv`KvMR hv‡Z P‡j Ges bZzb G‡R›U wewfbœ RvqMvq wb‡qvM Kiv hvq †mUv †`Lv|†ewkw`b wQjvg bv| Zey Amyweav nIqvi K_v bq, KviY KvM‡R bvg Av‡Q, UvKvevwo †_‡KI wKQz cvIqv hv‡e|Õ [Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, c~‡e©v³, c„. 88]

e½eÜzi GB †jLv †_‡KB †evSv hvq, ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`-Gi ZrKvjxbÔc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡biÕ (c~e© evsjvi) cÖwZwbwa wQ‡jb e½eÜz| Zuvi †eZb wQjgvwmK wZbkZ UvKv| GZ UvKv †eZb ZLb †Kv‡bv mwPeI †c‡Zb bv|

1947 mv‡j fviZ wef³ n‡q co‡j KjKvZv †_‡K e½eÜz Ges AbïvXvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| XvKvq Avmvi ci e½eÜz ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ð RwoZ n‡qc‡owQ‡jb| Z‡e Zvi cÖfve †h ZL‡bv ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv‡` wQj Zvi wKQz Z_¨cvIqv hvq AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z| †hgb, ÔAvwg XvKvq Gjvg| wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ©n‡qwQ, AvBb coe| eBcy¯ÍK wKQz wKbjvg| XvKvq G‡m ïbjvg MYZvwš¿Khyejx‡Mi GK mfv n‡q †M‡Q| Kvh©Kix KwgwUi bZzb mf¨ †Kv-AÞ Kivn‡q‡Q| c~‡e© wQjvg m‡ZiRb GLb n‡q‡Q †PŠwÎkRb| KviY, Avgv‡ìmsL¨vjNy Kivi lohš¿| Avgv‡ì A‡b‡K †bvwUkI cvq bvB| Ab¨ †KvbKvMR bv Qvc‡jI KjKvZvq B‡Ënv` KvMR Avgv‡ì msev` QvcvZB‡Ënv‡Ì †bvwUk Qvcv‡bv nq bvB|Õ [Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, c~‡e©v³, c„. 87]evsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝ‡ji cÖwZôv I Kg© cÖqvm¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB e½eÜy †cÖm KvDwÝj MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb|msev`cÎ wk‡íi eë¯’vcbv‡K MwZkxj, RbevÜe Kiv, e¯‘wbô I wbi‡cÿmvsevw`KZvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv, `jxq ivRbxwZi E‡aŸ© _vKv Ges njy`mvsevw`KZv †iv‡ai jÿ¨ wb‡q 1974 mv‡ji A¨v‡±i Av‡jv‡K (†cÖm KvDwÝjA¨v± 1974-Gi 11-we aviv, 2002 mv‡j hv ms‡kvwaZ) GKwU Avav-wePvwiK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e hvÎv nq evsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝ‡ji|

1979 mv‡j evsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝj cÖwZwôZ nq| 38 eQi a‡ievsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝj msev`cÎ wk‡íi MvBW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i P‡j‡Q|†`‡k msev`cÎ wk‡íi Ae¯’v‡K MwZkxj I Dbœq‡bi nvwZqvi Ki‡Zevsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝj †h AvPiYwewa cÖYqb K‡i, Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨w`K¸‡jv n‡”Q:1. †`‡ki †h †Kv‡bv msev`cÎ 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i

Av`k©we‡ivax †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cÖKvk †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| †mB mv‡_gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©‡K mgybœZ ivL‡e|

2. msev`c‡Î hv cÖKvwkZ n‡e, Zv meB n‡e Rb¯^v‡_©| RbMY‡K AvKl©YK‡i A_ev Zv‡ì Ici cÖfve †d‡j, Ggb welq‡K msev`c‡ÎAMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|

3. msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ n‡Z n‡e wbfz©j I mZ¨|4. ¸Re I Amgw_©Z cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKv‡ki c~‡e© †m¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ Kiv Ges

hw` Gme cÖKvk Kiv AbywPZ we‡ewPZ nq Z‡e †m¸‡jv cÖKvk Kiv†_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

5. msev`cÎ I mvsevw`K weZwK©Z wel‡q wbR¯^ gZvgZ †Rviv‡jvfv‡ee¨³ Kivi AwaKvi iv‡Lb|

6. Kzrmvg~jK ev Rb¯^v_© cwicwš’ bv n‡j evn¨Z e¨w³we‡k‡li¯^v_©we‡ivax n‡jI h_vh_ KZ…©cÿ ¯^vÿwiZ †h †Kv‡bv weÁvcbmsev`c‡Î cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi m¤úv`‡Ki Av‡Q| wKš‘ GB ai‡biweÁvc‡bi cÖwZev` Kiv n‡j m¤úv`K‡K Zv webv Li‡P gy`ª‡Yi eë¯’vKi‡Z n‡e|

7. e¨w³ A_ev m¤úª`vqwe‡kl m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì eY©, †MvÎ, RvZxqZv, ag©A_ev †`kMZ welq wb‡q AeÁv ev gh©v`vnvwbKi welq cÖKvk bv Kiv|RvZxq HK¨ mgybœZ ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ mv¤úª`vwqKZv‡K K‡Vvifv‡ewbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

8. Ab¨vb¨ MYgva¨‡gi Zzjbvq msev`c‡Îi cÖfv‡ei e¨vwß I ’vwqZ¡Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk; G Kvi‡Y †h mvsevw`K msev`c‡Îi Rb¨ wjL‡ebwZwb m~‡Îi wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv I msev‡ì mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© we‡klfv‡e

mveavb _vKv Ges SzuwK Gov‡bvi Rb¨ m~Î¸‡jv msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|9. †Kv‡bv Aciv‡ai NUbv wePvivaxb _vKvKvjxb me ch©v‡q Zvi Lei

Qvcv‡bv Ges gvgjvwelqK cÖK…Z wPÎ DÑvU‡bi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Zi P~ovšÍivq cÖKvk Kiv msev`c‡Îi `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ c‡o| Z‡e wePvivaxbgvgjvi ivq cÖfvweZ n‡Z cv‡i, Ggb †Kv‡bv gšÍe¨ ev gZvgZ cÖKvk†_‡K P~ovšÍ †NvlYvi AvM ch©šÍ mvsevw`K‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

10. m¤úv`Kxqi †Kv‡bv fzj Z‡_ï Øviv ÿwZMÖ¯Í cÿ hw` cÖwZev` K‡i,Z‡e m¤úv`‡Ki ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q GKB cvZvq fzj ms‡kvab K‡i`ytL cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|

11. we‡Ølc~Y© †Kv‡bv Lei cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv|12. m¤úv`K KZ…©K msev`c‡Îi mKj cÖKvkbvi cwic~Y© `vwqZ¡ ¯^xKvi

Ki‡Z n‡e|13. †Kv‡bv `yb©xwZ ev †Kv‡bv e¨w³i weiæ‡× Avw_©K ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Awf‡hvM

msµvšÍ cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZ‡e`‡Ki DwPZ NUbvi mZ¨Zvm¤ú‡K© mva¨g‡Zv wbwðZ nIqv Ges cÖwZ‡e`K‡K Aek¨B Le‡iib¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcbœ Kivi g‡Zv h‡_ó Z_¨ †RvMvo Ki‡Z n‡e| (m~Î :evsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝj)D‡jøL¨, cÖ‡Z¨KwU msev`c‡ÎiB wbR¯^ bxwZgvjv I Av`k© i‡q‡Q| †cÖm

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AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 4 gvP© e½eÜz evsjv‡`k †eZvi I evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡bibvg †NvlYv K‡ib| wR›`vev‡ì cwie‡Z© ÔRq evsjvÕ † øvMvb Pvjy K‡ib|7B gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b HwZnvwmK fvlY w`‡q gyw³hy‡×i AvnŸvbRvbvb| 25 gv‡P©i c~‡e© e½eÜz K‡b©j Gg G wR Imgvbx‡K †mbvevwnbxicÖavb wn‡m‡e gyw³hy× cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †`b| 25 gvP© iv‡Z e½eÜz†MÖdZvi nIqvi c~‡e© ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i wewfbœ RvqMvq evZ©v †cÖiYK‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 17B GwcÖj e½eÜz‡K ivóªcwZ K‡i evsjv‡`‡kiA ’vqx miKvi MVb Kiv nq| 7B A‡±vei 1971 cvwK Ív‡bi Av`vj‡Ze½eÜz‡K g„Zz `‡Ði Av‡`k †Ìqv nq| 16B wW‡m¤i 1971, 9 gvm hy×nIqvi ci cvwK Ívwb evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| 8 Rvbyqvwi 1972, weªwUkcÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW© wn‡_i cvVv‡bv wegvb w`‡q jÛb Mgb K‡ib| jÛ‡bmvsevw`K gvmKv‡ibnvm Ges wb‡Kvjvm K¨vij e½eÜzi mvÿvrKvi MÖnYK‡ib| 10 Rvbyqvwi jÛb †_‡K bqvw`wjø n‡q ycyi 1Uv 41 wgwb‡U XvKv†ZRMuvI wegvbe›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| 1972 mv‡ji 11 Rvbyqvwi A ’vqxkvmbZvwš¿K Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib| 12 Rvbyqvwi ivóªcwZ c` †_‡K c`Z¨vMK‡i cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷D”Pvwfjvlx mvgwiK Awdmvi (Kzjv½vi) I lohš¿Kvixiv e½eÜz‡Kmcwiev‡i (18 Rb) nZ¨v K‡i MYZš¿ Ges evOvwj RvwZi Avkv-AvKv•¶v‡K wPiw`‡bi g‡Zv Íw¤¢Z K‡i †`q|

15

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KjKvZvq Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R fwZ© nIqvi ci ˆ`wbK AvRv` Awd‡mmvsevw`K eÜz‡ì mv‡_ AvÇv w`‡Zb| 1946 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z knx`†mvnivIqv`©xi A_©vbyK‚‡j¨ ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv` cÖKvk K‡ib| GB cwÎKvim¤úv`K wQ‡jb Aveyj gbmyi Avng`| G cwÎKvi eë¯’vcbv I wewµiKv‡R e½eÜzi `vwqZ¡kxj f~wgKv wQj| cvwK¯Ívb nIqvi ci e½eÜz XvKvqG cwÎKvi mvKz©‡jkb g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wKQzw`‡big‡a¨ LvRv bvwRg DwÏb miKvi c~e© evsjvq G cwÎKvi cÖPvi wbwl× K‡i†`q| 1949 mv‡j AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv n‡j `‡ji gyLcÎ

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mvsevw`K I MYgva¨‡gi m‡½ e½eÜzi ü`¨Zvi m¤úK© wQjAvRxeb| Zvi GKvšÍ K‡ÿ, †mUv hw` nq †kvqvi Ni †mLv‡bI AevacÖ‡ekvwaKvi wQj MYgva¨gKg©x‡ì| G m¤úK©Uv GKw`‡b M‡oD‡Vwb| Gi wfwËUv wQj e½eÜzi mnR-mij mvaviY Rxebhvcb|wZwb bv‡g Rvb‡Zb A‡bK mvsevw`K‡K| †`‡k-we‡`‡k †hLv‡b-hLbmd‡i wM‡q‡Qb GK`j mvsevw`K Zvi m‡½ _vK‡eB| we‡`wkmvsevw`K‡ì Kv‡Q wQ‡jb GKRb AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡| wek¦weL¨vZmvsevw`K †WweU d«÷ e½eÜzi GKwU `xN© mvÿvrKvi cÖKvkK‡iwQ‡jb| we‡`wk msev` ms¯’v¸‡jv †hgb- †fvqv I wewewm cÖvqcÖwZw`bB e½eÜzi mvÿvrKvi I gšÍe¨ cÖPvi KiZ| e½eÜz msev`cÎwkí‡K AZ¨šÍ gh©v`vi Avmb w`‡qwQ‡jb| gyw³hy×Kvjxb ÿwZMÖ¯Íˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK I ˆ`wbK msev` cwÎKv‡K cybivq ùvo Kiv‡Z meiKg mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQ‡jb| †cÖm K¬ve‡K AvaywbKxKiY, †cÖmKvDwÝj MVb, wcAvBwe, GdwWwm, Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq, evmm BZ¨vw`ms¯’v¸‡jv cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| msev`Kg©x, mvsevw`K‡ìRb¨ †eZb-fvZvi wbðqZv, I‡qR‡evW© MVb e½eÜzB K‡i‡Qb|GKK_vqÑ msev`cÎ I mvsevw`K I e½eÜz GKwU my‡Zvq Muv_vGKwU Nwbô m¤úK© evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i BwZnv‡m D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Aa¨vqn‡q _vK‡e| 1972 -1975 Gi 14 AvM÷ ch©šÍ wZwb evsjv‡`‡kikvmbKZ©v| GB mgqUvi cy‡iv AskRy‡oB e½eÜz kZ-mnmª loh‡š¿iwkKvi nb| 1972 mv‡ji msweavb Abyhvqx †h †KD wWK¬v‡ikb wb‡qLe‡ii KvMR †ei Ki‡Z cviZ| msev`cÎ cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bviKg wewa-wb‡la wQj bv| d‡j K‡qKwU cwÎKv AvR¸we Mí †eiKiZ, hvi m‡½ ev¯ÍeZvi †Kv‡bv wgj wQj bv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi UvKvqK‡qKwU cwÎKv cÖKvk n‡Zv| G¸‡jv e½eÜz‡K DrLv‡Zi loh‡š¿†g‡Z D‡VwQj| e½eÜz‡K ch©y`¯Í Ki‡Z Giv wQj LyeB mwµq| hy×-cieZ©x Ae¯’vq hLb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv weaŸ¯Í, wVK ZLbBGB lohš¿Kvixiv cÖwZ‡kv‡ai Av¸‡b R¡jwQj| wbDRwcÖ›U GKUv eod¨v±i wQj| Gme K_v we‡ePbv K‡i Gbv‡qZ Djøvn Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡GKwU KwgwU K‡iwQ‡jb| KwgwUi mycvwi‡k 1975 mv‡ji 16 Rybmsev`cÎ AwW©b¨vÝ 75 †NvlYv K‡ib| †Kej PviwU ˆ`wbK (1)evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi, (2) evsjv‡`k UvBgm, (3) ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKI (4) ˆ`wbK evsjv, 122wU mvßvwnK / g¨vMvwR‡bi cÖKvkbvAe¨vnZ †i‡L Ges †iwWI I wUwf †i‡L evwK¸‡jv evwZj Kiv nq|Z‡e fwel¨‡Z PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji †Kv‡bvGKwU †Rjv †_‡K GKwU K‡i ˆ`wbK msev`cÎ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM†Ìqv n‡e| †hme cwÎKv eÜ n‡jv Zv‡ì mvsevw`K Imsev`Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ miKvwi PvKwii eë¯’v Kiv n‡jv| PvKwi bvnIqv ch©šÍ ivóªxq †KvlvMvi †_‡K †eZb †Ìqv n‡e e‡j †NvlYvn‡jv| GKwU we‡kl eë¯’v wb‡q †Póv Kiv n‡qwQj †`k‡K GKwUbZzb avivq Avbvi Rb¨| ˆbivR¨ eÜ, †`k‡K kvšÍ Kivi Rb¨ Gwm×všÍ mxwgZ mg‡qi Rb¨ wQj|

16 RyjvB 1972, RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve cÖv½‡Y AbywôZ XvKvmvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi cÖ_g evwl©K mvaviY mfvq cÖavb AwZw_wn‡m‡e D‡Øvabx fvlY †`b cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|wZwb e‡jbÑ Ômsev`c‡Îi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv _vK‡e, bxwZgvjv †g‡bcwÎKv¸‡jv‡K `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z n‡e| evOvwj RvZxqZvev` bv _vK‡jAvgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wecbœ n‡e|Õ AviI e‡jb, Ôhvi Av‡qi

†Kv‡bv cÖKvk¨ Drm bvB, †mI ˆ`wbK KvMR †ei K‡i‡Q| ivZvivwZKvMR †ei nq †Kv_v †_‡K? cqmv †`q †K? Avwg hw` Lei cvB †h,we‡`wkiv Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q Ges ZLb hw` Avwg Zv‡ì weiæ‡×eë¯’v MÖnY Kwi, Zvn‡jI wK Avcbviv ej‡eb msev`c‡Îi Imvsevw`K‡ì Dci Ab¨vq nvgjv Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ (AvswkK)

1975-Gi 15B AvM‡÷i ci MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKve½eÜz‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kivi ci, ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kw³ gv_vPvovw`‡q I‡V| ¯^vaxbZvi mwVK BwZnvm‡K weK…Z Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| `xN©mgq MYgva¨g K‡Vvi wbqš¿‡Y wQj| GB mg‡qi Lei e¯‘wbôfv‡ecÖKvwkZ nqwb| kvmbKZ©viv wQj Pigfv‡e e½eÜz I AvIqvgx jxMwe‡Ølx| MYgva¨‡gi mZ¨ ejvi AwaKvi †K‡o †bIqv n‡qwQj|

GKwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbv1975-Gi 17 AvM÷ mKvj 10Uvq cwÎKvi m¤úv`K‡ì e½fe‡bAvmvi digvb Rvwi n‡jv| cÖexYZg m¤úv`K Ievq`yj nK mv‡n‡ei†bZ…‡Z¡ 10-12 Rb m¤úv`K‡K Ava NÈvi †ewk mgq e½fe‡bi†M‡U ùvo Kwi‡q ivLj A¯¿avixiv| m¤úv`Kiv ej‡jb, Zv‡ìAvgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hw` †fZ‡i XzK‡Z bv †Ìqv nq Z‡e ZvivP‡j hv‡eb| GK_v ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ A¯¿avixiv Zv‡ì w`‡Kwnsmªfv‡e †Z‡o G‡m Zv‡ì gv_vq I ey‡Ki Ici Av‡Mœqv¯¿ ZvKK‡i wPrKvi K‡i e‡j DVj- Shut up, Shut up you bastards,if you say a word, you are dead, all of you are dead.†`‡ki MY¨gvb¨ m¤úv`Kiv wb‡R‡ì AvZ¥m¤£g euvPv‡Z Lywb‡ì nv‡ZZv‡ì jvwÃZ I wbM„nxZ nIqvi NUbv †mw`b Rbm¤§y‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Zcv‡ibwb| (e½eÜz nZ¨vi †Mvcb ci¤úiv-gymv mvw`K-c„ôv-50)

cwi‡k‡l Kwei K‡É-Ômvevk evsjv‡`k,c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q iq,R¡‡j cy‡o g‡i QvoLvi Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bqÕ

e½eÜz nZ¨vi cÖvq 42 eQi ci cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q GB bv‡gi g‡aï‡q‡Q GK A‡Rq ¯^Mx©q kw³| †h kw³ AvR evsjv I evOvwji†PZbv‡K Av‡iv kvwbZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î eo Ae`vb †i‡LP‡j‡Q MYgva¨g, †jLK, mvsevw`K, Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, eyw×Rxex cÖgyL|cÖK…Zc‡ÿ evsjv‡`‡ki MYgva¨g me mg‡qB e½eÜzevÜe| e½eÜzAvR Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †bB, wKš‘ Zuvi Av`k© I ¯^cœ †eu‡P Av‡Q| `ytLxgvby‡li gy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb e½eÜz| Avgv‡ì ¯îvR G‡bw`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, i‡³ AwR©Z †`kwU‡K Avgvi †mvbvi evsjvi †mvbvievsjvq cwiYZ Kie| e½eÜzi †mB ¯^cœ‡K Avgv‡ìB ev¯ÍevqbKi‡Z n‡e| ZvB nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m e½eÜzi bvgwU¯^Y©vÿ‡i †kÖô evOvwji Avm‡b Avmxb n‡q _vK‡e| wPiKvj evOvwjRvwZ Zuvi Ae`vb‡K kÖ×vi mv‡_ ¯§iY Ki‡e|

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msev`c‡Îi gvbyl Z_v mvsevw`KMY‡K RvwZi we‡eK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| mgv‡R mZ¨ cÖPvi ImZ¨ cÖwZôvB mvsevw`K I msev`c‡Îi KvR| Jcwb‡ewkK weªwUk I cvwK¯Ívwb Avg‡j wb‡R‡ìAv`k© cÖPvi I cÖwZôv I msMVb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K msev`cÎ †ei Ki‡Z n‡Zv†hLv‡b Zuv‡ì mvnm I we‡eK-eyw×‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡Zv| we‡eK-eyw× w`‡qB cwiPvwjZ n‡ZvmKj Kg©KvÐ| evOvwj RvwZi gyw³msMÖvg I ivóª‡PZbvi g~Z© cÖZxK RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingvb, whwb nvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwj Zuvi PvB‡Z †ewk we‡eK-eyw×m¤úbœ Avi †K wQ‡jb?Jcwb‡ewkK kvmK‡ì mKj i³Pÿz D‡cÿv K‡i Acwimxg mvnwmKZv I Z¨vM-wZwZÿv w`‡q wZwbgnvgvb‡e cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi mg‡qi (1920-1975) mKj ev¯ÍeZv I cvwicvwk¦©KZv‡Kc~Y©m‡PZbfv‡e Dcjwä‡Z G‡b, mg‡qi KvR mg‡q mym¤úbœ Kivi ga¨w`‡q| `xN© Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ‡K wZwb ¯^vwaKvi †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi g‡š¿ DØy× K‡iwQ‡jb|

e½eÜy wb‡RB hLb †jLK I msev`c‡Îi gvbyl

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Z_¨cÖhyw³i wecyj weKv‡ki eZ©gvb mg‡q msev`cÎmn MYgva¨g RMrwUhLb mvaviY gvby‡li KvQvKvwQ ¯’v‡b G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q, ZLb Gi m‡½ mswkøómK‡ji Avb‡›ì w`KwU GB †h, e½eÜz wb‡RB GKRb AZ¨šÍ DuPz gv‡bi†jLK Ges ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi ïiæ †_‡KB wZwb wb‡RB msev`cÎ cÖKvkbvI cwiPvjbvi m‡½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb| AvR‡Ki ivRavbx XvKv†_‡K hLb GKwU ˆ`wbKI cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv bv, ZLb Awef³ evsjvi ivRavbxKjKvZv †_‡K gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖMwZkxj Ask †mvnivIqv`x©-Aveyjnvwkgcš’x‡ì gZv`k© I msMV‡bi Av`‡k©i cÖPvi I cÖPviYvi Rb¨msev`cÎ cÖKv‡k wZwb AMÖYx f~wgKv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|

civaxb evsjv Z_v fviZe‡l© gvbyl‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e m‡PZb K‡i†Zvjvi Rb¨ msev`cÎ cÖKvkbv GK cÖKvi Acwinvh© wQj| KviY, ZrKvjxbivRbxwZwe` I mvsevw`K‡ì Pjv jÿ¨B wQj gvby‡li g‡a¨ RvMiY m„wó|†hgb-†k‡ievsjv G‡K dRjyj nK (1873-1961) †ei K‡iwQ‡jbÔbehyMÕ| ÔbehyMÕ-G cÖKvwkZ KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi Av‡eMgq I ewjôfvlvq weªwUkwe‡ivax m¤úv`Kxq ag©-eY©-wbwe©‡k‡l mKj †kÖwYi gvbyl‡K`viæYfv‡e DØy× K‡iwQj| †`k, RbMY I mv¤úª`vwqK H‡Kï Ggbm¤úv`Kxq HK¨ †mKv‡j `yj©f wQj|1 gvbyl‡K m‡PZb Kiv Ges wb‡R‡ìivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði cÖPvi I msMVb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q msev`c‡ÎicÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡i e½eÜz wb‡RB Zv cÖKv‡k ev¯Íe Kg©h‡Ái m‡½wb‡R‡K RwoZ K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j msev`c‡Î †jLv‡jwL †_‡K ïiæ K‡i GRM‡Zi mì-A›ì gn‡ji mewKQz m¤ú‡K© Zuvi wQj cÖZ¨ÿ AwfÁZv|Avi †m Kvi‡YB wb‡Ri ¯§„wZK_v ev AvZ¥Rxebx †jLvi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡RB wZwbDcjwä K‡i‡Qb Ges G KvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb wb‡R‡K GKRb wek¦gv‡bi†jLK I mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i †M‡Qb| wb‡Ri †`k I mgv‡RiBwZnv‡mi NUbvewj gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bv Ges Gi ga¨w`‡q mgv‡R mZ¨cÖwZôvB †hLv‡b GKRb mvsevw`K I †jL‡Ki cÖavb KvR| GB †cÖÿvc‡URvwZi wcZv e½eÜz GKB m‡½ Agi BwZnvm m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb Ges ZvAvevi gvbyl‡K Rvwb‡qI †M‡Qb| Zuvi ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ GLb c„w_exiwewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z I cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|

e½eÜzi g‡Zv wek¦gv‡bi eyw×Rxex I `vk©wbK‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z hvIqvAvgv‡ì Rb¨ nq‡Zv GK ai‡bi a„óZv| Zey Zuvi Rxeb I Kg© †_‡KAvgv‡ì wkÿvi A‡bK wKQzB †bqvi i‡q‡Q e‡j Zuv‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbvcÖ‡qvRb| Zuvi wekvj Kg©gq Rxe‡bi GKwU eo AskB wQj msev`cÎ Imvsevw`KMY| GKRb DuPzgv‡bi m¤úv`K-mvsevw`K-†jL‡Ki g‡ZvB wZwbwb‡R Wv‡qwi wjL‡Zb| 1973 mv‡ji 30 †g, ZLb wZwb MYcÖRvZš¿xevsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x| IB mgq wZwb Zuvi e¨w³MZ †bvUey‡Kwj‡LwQ‡jb: ÔAs a man, what concerns mankind concerns me, As a

Bangalee, I am deeply involved in all that concerns Bengalees. This

abiding involvement is born of and nourished by love, which gives

meaning to my politics and to my very having’-ÔGKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡emgMÖ gvbeRvwZ wb‡qB Avwg fvwe| GKRb evOvwj wn‡m‡e hv wKQzevOvwj‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ZvB Avgv‡K Mfxifv‡e fvevq| GB wbišÍim¤ú„w³i Drm fv‡jvevmv, Aÿq fv‡jvevmv, †h fv‡jvevmv Avgvi ivRbxwZGes Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K A_©en K‡i †Zv‡jÕ|2

Zuvi ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq ZuviB my‡hvM¨v Kb¨v gvbbxqcÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv wj‡L‡Qb, Ô Zuvi wekvj ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi wewPÎAwfÁZv GB MÖ‡š’ Zuvi †jLbxi fvlvq Avgiv cvB| wZwb hv †`‡L‡Qb,Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb Ges ivR‰bwZKfv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡i‡Qb meB mij-mnRfvlvq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB msMÖvg, Aaëmvq I AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gwngv†_‡K †h mZ¨ Rvbv hv‡e Zv AvMvgx cÖRb¥‡K AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡e| BwZnvmweK…wZi Ke‡j c‡o hviv weåvšÍ n‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì mZ¨ BwZnvm Rvbvi my‡hvMK‡i †`‡e| M‡elK I BwZnvmwe`‡ì Kv‡Q G MÖš’ g~jëvb Z_¨ I mZ¨Zz‡j ai‡eÕ| G AvZ¥Rxebx Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx Zv‡ìAvaywbK GKwU ivóª MV‡bi Rb¨ e½eÜzi Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ, kÖg I mvabv m¤ú‡K©g~jëvb Ávb jv‡fi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q|

msev`c‡Îi m‡½ e½eÜzi ms‡hvM I m¤úK© wQj Zuvi †QvU‡ejv†_‡KB| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvgvi AveŸv Le‡ii KvMR ivL‡Zb|Avb›èvRvi, emygZx, AvRv`, gvwmK †gvnv¤§`x I mIMvZ| †QvUKvj †_‡KAvwg mKj KvMRB coZvg|3 Z‡e e½eÜz †hfv‡e msev`c‡Îi gvbyl wQ‡jbGes msev`cÎ I ivRbxwZi m‡½ Zuvi m¤úK©wU †Kgb wQj Zv eyS‡Z n‡j

1947 mv‡ji AeëwnZ Av‡Mi I c‡ii mg‡qi w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Zn‡e| ˆ`wbK AvRv` 1936 mv‡j gIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKig LuvÕi m¤úv`bvqevsjv I Avmv‡gi gymjgvb‡ì gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| IB mgq XvKv †_‡K †Kv‡bv ˆ`wbK cwÎKv †ei n‡Zv bv| ivRbxwZ Imsev`cÎ cÖKvkbvi m‡½ e½eÜz ZLb Kxfv‡e RwoZ n‡q BwZnvm m„wóK‡iwQ‡jb, e½eÜzi wb‡Ri fv‡l¨B Zv dz‡U D‡V‡Q hv G‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZKGes GKB m‡½ mvsevw`KZvi BwZnv‡miB GK Abe`¨ `wjj| wZwbwj‡L‡Qb Ñ

Ôˆ`wbK AvRv`B wQj GKgvÎ evsjv Le‡ii KvMR, hv gymwjg jxM IcvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb‡K mg_©b KiZ| GB KvM‡Ri cÖwZôvZv I gvwjKgIjvbv AvKig Luv mv‡ne wQ‡jb evsjv cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ|wZwb Aveyj nvwkg‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Aveyj nvwkg mv‡ne‡K knx`mv‡ne mg_©b Ki‡Zb e‡j gIjvbv mv‡ne Zvi Ici †ÿ‡c wM‡qwQ‡jb|Avgv‡ìI H GKB `kv| ZvB Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv msev` mn‡R Qvcv n‡Zvbv| gv‡S-gv‡S Rbve †gv`v‡eŸi mv‡n‡ei gvid‡Z wKQz msev` DVZ| c‡iwmivRyÏxb †nv‡mb (eZ©gv‡b ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK-Gi evZ©v m¤úv`K) Ges AviI`yÕ-GKRb eÜz AvRv` Awd‡m PvKwi KiZ| Zviv duv‡K duv‡K `yB-GKUvmsev` QvcvZ| ˆ`wbK gwb©s wbDR-Gi K_v ev`B w`jvg| H cwÎKv hwÌcvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb‡K cyivcywi mg_©b KiZ, Zey IUv GKUv †Mvôxi m¤úwËwQj, hv‡ì †kvlK-†kÖwY ejv hvq| Avgv‡ì msev` w`‡ZB PvBZ bv| HcwÎKv nvwkg mv‡ne‡K †gv‡UB cQ›` KiZ bv| QvÎ I jxM Kg©xiv nvwkgmv‡ne‡K mg_©b KiZ, ZvB eva¨ n‡q gv‡S-gv‡S msev` w`Z| AvgiveyS‡Z cvijvg, AšÍZc‡ÿ GKUv mvßvwnK Le‡ii KvMR n‡jI Avgv‡ì†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, we‡kl K‡i Kg©x‡ì g‡a¨ bZzb fveaviv cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨|nvwkg mv‡n‡ei c‡ÿ KvMR †ei Kiv KóKi| KviY, UvKvcqmvi Afve|knx` mv‡ne nvB‡Kv‡U© IKvjwZ ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb h‡_ó DcvR©b Ki‡Zb,fvj e¨vwióvi wn‡m‡e KjKvZvq bvgI wQj| ..nvwkg mv‡ne knx` mv‡n‡eiKv‡Q cÖ¯Íve Ki‡jb KvMRUv cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ges ej‡jb †h, GKevi †h LiPjv‡M Zv †c‡j c‡i Avi †hvMvo Ki‡Z Amyweav n‡e bv| byiæwÏb I AvwgGB `yBRbB knx` mv‡ne‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z cvie, GB aviYv A‡b‡KiB wQj|

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Gfv‡e e½eÜz Zuvi mgq I cvwicvwk¦©KZvi m‡½ m‡PZb n‡q DVvim‡½ m‡½ msev`cÎ RMr m¤ú‡K©I mg¨K aviYv jvf KiwQ‡jb| ZviIAv‡M gymwjg jxM Z_v cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb Ges G Av‡›`vj‡bi mg_©KÔˆ`wbK AvRv`Õ Zuvi Rxe‡b Kx cÖfve m„wó K‡iwQj †m m¤ú‡K© Zuvi¯§„wZK_v:

ÔAvgvi Kv‡Q fviZe‡l©i GKUv g¨vc _vKZ| Avi nvweeyjøvn evnvimv‡n‡ei ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ eBUv Ges gywReyi ingvb Luv mv‡neI ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ bv‡gGKUv we¯Í…Z eB wj‡LwQ‡jb †mUv;GB `yBUv eB Avgvi cÖvq gyL‡¯’i gZwQj| AvRv‡ì KvwUsI Avgvi e¨v‡M _vKZ|5

mgKvjxb m¤úv`K, msev`cÎ I mvsevw`K‡ì mv‡_ wZwb ej‡Z †M‡jGK Awe‡”Q`¨ m¤ú‡K©i eÜ‡b Ave× wQ‡jb| G †ÿ‡Î Zuvi ivR‰bwZK ¸iæ†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© I gIjvbv fvmvbx Ges mvsevw`K Aveyj gbmyiAvng`, ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`, ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqvibvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ÑGu‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki m‡½B e½eÜz wQ‡jbA½vAw½fv‡e RwoZ| evOvwj RvwZi AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi Ges ¯^vwaKvi I¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ e½eÜz I Gme †bZvi †hvMm~Î evsjv‡`‡ki

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G m¤ú‡K© mvsevw`K †eex gI`y` AviI wj‡L‡Qb: ÔKjKvZviBmjvwgqv K‡j‡R covi mgq †_‡K msev`cÎ Awd‡m Zuvi hvZvqvZ ïiænq| KjKvZvi ˆ`wbK AvRv` Awd‡m mvsevw`K eÜz‡ì m‡½ wZwb AvÇvw`‡Zb| A‡bK mgq gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖm wiwjR wb‡qI †h‡Z n‡Zv Zuv‡K|G mgq Zuvi Dcjwä‡Z Av‡m †h, gIjvbv AvKig Luv m¤úvw`Z ˆ`wbKAvRv` gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZwµqvkxj Ask‡K mg_©b K‡i| 1946 mv‡jiRvbyqvwi gv‡m Zuviv knx` †mvnivIqv`xi A_©vbyK~‡j¨ Ôˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`Õ cÖKvkK‡ib| m¤úv`K Aveyj gbmyi Avng`| cwÎKvwU †mB mg‡q m¤ú~Y© bZzbAvw½‡K GKwU AvaywbK cwÎKv wn‡m‡e mevi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| cwÎKvwewµi Kv‡R †kL gywRe wb‡R cwikÖg K‡ib| cwÎKvi fv‡jvg›` Geseë¯’vcbvi Kv‡RI wZwb GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj civgk©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjbK‡iwQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívb nevi ciI cwÎKvwU KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv|†kL gywRe cwÎKvi XvKvi Awd‡m mvK©y‡jkb g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e KvRK‡i‡Qb Ges c~e©evsjvq Gi G‡R›U wb‡qvM K‡i Gi e¨vcK cÖPvi KvR

K‡i‡Qb| GKmgq KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ e‡j GB cwÎKvi c~e© evsjvÕqcÖPvi eÜ K‡i †`q LvRv bvwRgywÏ‡bi miKviÕ|6

G m¤ú‡K© e½eÜz wb‡RI wj‡L‡Qb: ...nvwkg mv‡ne gymwjg jx‡MimfvcwZ n‡Z PvB‡jb| KviY, gIjvbv AvKig Luv mv‡ne c`Z¨vMK‡iwQ‡jb| knx` mv‡ne ivwR nb bvB| gIjvbv mv‡ne‡K Aby‡iva K‡ic`Z¨vMcÎ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| nvwkg mv‡ne ivM K‡i jxM †m‡µUvwiic` †_‡K QzwU wb‡q ea©gv‡b P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| hLb wZwb KjKvZv Avm‡ZbÔwgjøvZÕ †cÖ‡mB _vK‡Zb|

... †m A‡bK K_v| wZwb KjKvZv Avm‡jB knx` mv‡n‡ei weiæ‡×mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb| Gi cÖavb KviY wQj wgjøvZ KvMR‡K ˆ`wbK Ki‡Zmvnvh¨ bv K‡i wZwb ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv` KvMR †ei K‡iwQ‡jb-beveRv`v nvmvbAvjx mv‡n‡ei eë¯’vcbv Ges Aveyj gbmyi mv‡n‡ei m¤úv`bvq| gIjvbvAvKig Luv mv‡n‡ei ˆ`wbK AvRvÌ †ÿ‡c wM‡qwQj knx` mv‡n‡ei Ici|KviY, c~‡e© GKgvÎ AvRv` wQj gymjgvb‡ì ˆ`wbK| GLb Avi GKUv †einIqv‡Z gIjvbv mv‡ne hZUv bb, Zuvi `jej Lye †ewk ivM K‡iwQj|7

ˆ`wbKwUi Ôg¨v‡bRviÕ wQ‡jb beveRv`v nvmvb Avjx Ges Ô†m‡µUvwiÕc‡` `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqv| e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb: gvwbKfvB ZLb KjKvZvq B‡Ënv` KvM‡Ri †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ìUvKvcqmvi LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| †K w`‡e? evwo †_‡K wb‡R‡ì †jLvcovi

LiPUv †Kv‡bvg‡Z Avb‡Z cvwi, wKš‘ ivRbxwZ Kivi UvKv †Kv_vq cvIqvhv‡e? Avgvi GKUz m”Qj Ae¯’v wQj, KviY B‡Ënv` KvM‡Ri c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZwbwa wQjvg| gv‡m cÖvq wZbkZ UvKv †cZvg| Avgvi KvRwQj G‡RÝx¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K UvKv Av`vq Kiv, B‡Ënv` KvMR hv‡Z P‡jGes bZzb G‡R›U wewfbœ RvqMvq wb‡qvM Kiv hvq †mUv †`Lv|8

Gici 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³i ci e½eÜzmn Abïv XvKvÕq P‡jAv‡mb| ZL‡bv ivRbxwZ I mvsevw`KZvq B‡Ënv`-Gi cÖfve eRvq wQj| Gm¤ú‡K© e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

Avwg XvKvÕq Gjvg| wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡qwQ, AvBb coe| eBcy¯ÍKwKQz wKbjvg| XvKvÕq G‡m ïbjvg MYZvwš¿K hyejx‡Mi GK mfv n‡q †M‡Q|Kvh©Kix KwgwUi bZzb mf¨ †KvAÞ Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© wQjvg m‡Zi RbGLb n‡q‡Q †PŠwÎk Rb| KviY, Avgv‡ì msL¨vjNy Kivi lohš¿| Avgv‡ìA‡b‡K †bvwUkI cvq bvB| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KvMR bv Qvc‡jI KjKvZviB‡Ënv` KvMR Avgv‡ì msev` QvcZ| B‡Ënv‡Ì †bvwUk Qvcv‡bv nq bvB|Avwg AvcwË Zzjjvg Ges ejjvg, m‡Zi Rb m`m¨, †Kgb K‡i AviIm‡Zi Rb †Kv-AÞ Ki‡Z cv‡i? mfv WvKv †nvK|9

fviZ fvM n‡q m`¨ Rb¥ †bIqv cvwK Ívb iv‡óª RbRxe‡b bZzb K‡i †hm¼‡Ui m„wó n‡jv Zvi A‡bK wPÎB dy‡U D‡V‡Q e½eÜzi wb‡Ri fv‡l¨| cwðgcvwK Ívwb‡ì GK”QÎ ÿgZvi `vc‡U ZLb evOvwj‡ì Rxe‡b bZzb †h k¼vI m¼U †`Lv w`j| †`‡ki †mB cwiw ’wZ‡Z e½eÜy e¨w_Z, ÿzä, ïay wb‡Ri

ev wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ bq| Zuvi wPšÍv mgMÖ †`k, †`‡ki gvbyl,mgvR I ivRbxwZ wb‡q| Zuvi †jLvq †mB m¼‡Ui wPÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e:

...¯vaxb n‡q‡Q †`k, Zey gvby‡li ytL-Kó ~i n‡e bv †Kb? yb©xwZ †e‡o†M‡Q| Lv`¨vfve †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| webvwePv‡i ivR‰bwZK Kg©x‡ì †R‡j e›`xK‡i ivLv n‡”Q| evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e gymwjg jxM †bZviv gvb‡e bv|cwðg cvwK Ív‡b wkí KviLvbv Mov ïiæ n‡q‡Q| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi w`‡K bRi†Ìqv n‡”Q bv| ivRavbx KivwP| mewKQzB cwðg cvwK Ív‡b| c~e© evsjvÕq wKQzbvB| AveŸv‡K mKj wKQyB ejjvg| AveŸv ej‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì Rb¨ wKQz Ki‡Zn‡e bv| Zzwg weevn K‡iQ, †Zvgvi †g‡q n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì Rb¨ †Zv wKQz GKUvKiv ìKvi|Õ Avwg AveŸv‡K ejjvg, ÔAvcwb †Zv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ RwgRgvh‡_ó K‡i‡Qb, hw` wKQz bv Ki‡Z cvwi, evwo P‡j Avme| Z‡e Ab¨vq‡K cÖkÖq†Ìqv Pj‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ Avgv‡K Avi wKQzB ej‡jb bv|

Avwg XvKvq iIqvbv n‡q Avmjvg|.. B‡Ënv‡ì KvRUv Avgvi wQj|gv‡S-gv‡S wKQz UvKv †cZvg| hwÌ B‡Ënv‡ì Ae¯’v Lye Lvivc n‡qc‡owQj| c~e© evsjv miKvi cÖvq e¨vÛ K‡i w`‡qwQj| G‡R›Uiv UvKv †`qbv| c~e© evsjvq KvMR hwÌ †ewk PjZ|10

msev`c‡Îi Ae¯’vi mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK †bZv-Kg©x‡ì Ae¯’v ZLb GKBm~‡Î Muv_v| IB mgq †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x I B‡Ënv‡ì Ae¯’vi mv‡_†kL gywR‡ei Kx Ae¯’v PjwQj ZvI dz‡U D‡V‡Q e½eÜzi †jLbx‡Z:.. †Rjvq

20

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mvsevw`K †eex gI y AviI wj‡L‡Qb: ÔKjKvZvi BmjvwgqvK‡j‡R covi mgq †_‡K msev`cÎ Awd‡m Zuvi hvZvqvZ ïiæ nq|KjKvZvi ˆ`wbK AvRv` Awd‡m mvsevw`K eÜz‡ì m‡½ wZwb AvÇvw`‡Zb| A‡bK mgq gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖm wiwjR wb‡qI †h‡Z n‡ZvZuv‡K| G mgq Zuvi Dcjwä‡Z Av‡m †h, gIjvbv AvKig Luvm¤úvw`Z ˆ`wbK AvRv` gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZwµqvkxj Ask‡K mg_©bK‡i| 1946 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Zuviv knx` †mvnivIqv`xiA_©vbyK~‡j¨ Ôˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`Õ cÖKvk K‡ib|

†Rjvq †mvnivIqv`x© mv‡n‡ei mg_©Kiv AvIqvgx jx‡M †hvM`vb Ki‡Z ïiæKij| GB mgq KjKvZvq B‡Ënv` KvMR eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡q‡Q|†mvnivIqv`x© mv‡ne KjKvZv Z¨vM K‡i KivwP P‡j wM‡q‡Qb| gvwbK fvBXvKv G‡m‡Qb cÖvq wbt¯^ Ae¯’vq| wZwbI G‡m †gvMjUzwj‡Z D‡V‡Qb|11

ZrKvjxb msev`cÎ I ivRbxwZi mv‡_ e½eÜzi Rxeb †h Kxfv‡eRwo‡q wQj e½eÜzi ¯§„wZK_v‡ZB Zv Gfv‡eB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| NUbvewjiMfx‡i wM‡q cwiw¯’wZi we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, G‡`‡ki gvby‡liivRbxwZ I msev`cÎ Z_v mvsevw`KZv ZLb GKB c_ a‡i GwM‡q hv‡”Q|c~e©evsjvÕi gvby‡li cÖwZ `vqe× †_‡K †mB ivRbxwZ I mvsevw`KZv G‡KAci‡K c_ †`wL‡q‡Q| Avi †mB c‡_i hvÎx gIjvbv fvmvbx, †nv‡mb knx`†mvnivIqv`x© Ges Zuvi `yB fvewkl¨ Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqv I †kLgywReyi ingvb| G‡ÿ‡Î gvwbK wgqv m¤ú‡K© wKQz K_v ejv ìKvi:

gvwbK wgqv 1935 mv‡j ewikv‡ji eªR‡gvnb K‡jR †_‡KwWw÷sKkbmn weG cvm K‡i wc‡ivRcyi wmwfj †Kv‡U© Kg©iZKv‡j GKevi†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi my‡hvM cvb| ..wKQzKvj ci†mvn&ivIqv`x©i civg‡k© gvwbK wgqv miKvwi PvKzwi‡Z B¯Ídv †`b Ges wZwbgvwbK wgqv‡K KjKvZvq cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi Awdm †m‡µUvwi wb‡qvMK‡ib| GBLv‡bB Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ I ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì wPšÍvavivI gZv`‡k©i mv‡_ Zdv¾j †nv‡m‡bi cwiPq N‡U| ..G mgq wZwb B‡Ënv`-Gi cwiPvjbv wefv‡M †m‡µUvwi wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Õ

mvsevw`KZvi m‡½ Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqvi cÖZ¨ÿ I Nwbóm¤ú‡K©i m~ÎcvZ Ôˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`Õ-Gi gva¨‡g| Avi GLv‡bB ZuviivR‰bwZK wbeÜ iPbvi nv‡ZLwo| evsjv Z_v cvK-fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ m¤^‡ÜZvi GKUv ¯^PQ Ávb wQj Avi GB ÁvbB cieZ©xKv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi(eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki) Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi ìw` kw³kvjx wbeÜKviÔ†gvmvwdiÕ-Gi Rb¥ †`q|

1949 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi we‡ivax cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e AvIqvgx gymwjgjx‡Mi Rb¥ nq Ges †mB eQiB GB cÖwZôv‡bi gyLcÎiƒ‡c mvßvwnKÔB‡ËdvKÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| gIjvbv fvmvbx ZLb GB cwÎKvi AvbyôvwbKm¤úv`K| Zdv¾j †nv‡mb 1951 mv‡ji 14B AvM÷ GB cwÎKvi c~Y©`vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|

gymwjg jxM Avg‡j weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Ges Z`vbxšÍbc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Avmbœ mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi cÖv°v‡j gvwbK wgqv 1953 mv‡ji24 †k wW‡m¤î knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i Drmvn, Aby‡cÖiYv I mn‡hvwMZvqÔˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges wZwb ¯^qs GB cwÎKvi m¤úv`bvi`vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| 1954 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi †hfivWzwe nq Gi g~‡j Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ-Gi f~wgKv Ges Ô†gvmvwdiÕ-GiKvjRqx †jLbx|12

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gvwbK fvB wQ‡jb Kg©ev`x gvbyl| Zuvi `„wófw½ wQj MYgyLx| wZwbwek¦vm Ki‡Zb, Kv‡Ri gv‡SB gvbyl †eu‡P _v‡K| c‡ì gv‡S bq| ¯^vaxbZvmsMÖvg, fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb, Ô62-Gi MYRvMiY, Ô65mv‡ji MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb, 1966 mvj I Zvi cieZ©xKv‡ji¯^vqËkvmb Kv‡q‡gi MYAfz¨Ìv‡b gvwbK fvB †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Kg©x I†bZv‡ì w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| †jLbxi Øviv Avgv‡ì `vwe-`vIqv‡KRbM‡Yi ìRvq †cuŠwQ‡q w`‡q‡Qb, weiæ× kw³¸‡jvi AvµgY cÖwZnZK‡i‡Qb| wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvbw`b wZwb wKQz Pvbwb| GKUz Bw½Z Ki‡j, mvgvbÄvfvm w`‡j, GKUz cUcwieZ©b Ki‡j cÖf~Z Hk¦h© gvwbK fvBi cv‡qi Kv‡QG‡m Rgv n‡Zv| †mvn&ivIqv`©xi g„Zzï ci GKevi Avwg wb‡R Zuv‡KAvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ nIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡iwQjvg, gvwbK fvB †n‡me‡jwQ‡jb, ÔmsMVb Avcbv‡ì, Kjg AvgviÕ| cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Kx Ac~e© my›ìc×wZ| 1955 mv‡j Zuv‡K MYcwil‡ì m`m¨c` MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kivn‡qwQj| wZwb †mw`bI Zv MÖnY K‡ibwb| Avgvi Rvbv Av‡Q, AvBqye kvm-bvg‡j Zuv‡K eûevi D”P c`gh©v`vi cÖ‡jvfb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wZwb N„Yvf‡iZv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| wKQz bv †P‡q †èvi †h †cÖiYv gvbyl‡K AmvaviYe¨w³Z¡ `vb K‡i, gvwbK fvB‡qi g‡a¨ †mB ZvwM` wQj GKvšÍ AvšÍwiK|

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21

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Zuvi `„wófw½ wQj MYgyLx| RbM‡Yi K_v ejvi Rb¨B wZwb †jLbxnv‡Z wb‡qwQ‡jb| RbM‡Yi fvlvq wZwb K_v ej‡Zb| Aj¼v‡ii evûj¨PgKZuvi welqe¯‘‡K †Kv‡bvw`b Ave„Z Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wZwb wb‡R m„wó K‡iwQ‡jbGK bZzb mvsevw`K fvlv| KwVb ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbvi gv‡S imv‡jv MÖvgxY MíI me©RbcwiwPZ Kvwnbx ms‡hvM K‡i wZwb Zuvi iPbv¸‡jv‡Z cÖvYmÂviKi‡Zb|

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.. mvgvb¨ Avmev‡e mw¾Z wQj ÔB‡ËdvKÕ Awd‡m Zuvi e¨w³MZemevi NiLvwb| GKLvbv gvÎ †WK‡Pqvi; mn‡hvMx‡ì Rb¨ AwZ mvaviY†Uwej, KÕLvbv †Pqvi, GKUv eB‡qi Avjgvwi| †mw`b ch©šÍ cyivZbGKLvbv fv½v wnjg¨vb Mvwo eënvi K‡i‡Qb gvwbK fvB| fv½v boe‡o|gvSc‡_ †mUv eÜ n‡q †hZ| Zey gvwbK fvB cvëv‡Z Pvbwb, ey‡ov WªvBfviI cyivZb Mvwo Zuv‡K †c‡q e‡mwQj| ï‡bwQ, †Q‡j‡g‡qiv A‡bK K‡ó†klZK †mUv‡K we`vq Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj|

m‡e©vcwi gvwbK fvB‡K Avgiv †c‡qwQ GK HwZnvwmK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e|gnvKv‡ji AveZ©b-weeZ©‡bi c‡_ †h gkvjavix exi †mbvbxiv AvcbRxe‡bi ¯^vÿi †i‡L hvq BwZnv‡mi cvZvq, gvwbK fvB Zuv‡ìB GKRb|G‡`‡ki mwZ¨Kv‡ii BwZnvm hw` †Kv‡bvw`b †jLv nq, Zvn‡j †mLv‡bgiûg Zdv¾j †nv‡mb (gvwbK wgqv) Zuvi mZ¨ AvmbwU cv‡eb I Agi-Aÿq GK cÖR¡wjZ †R¨vwZ‡®‹i b¨vq †mLv‡b weivR Ki‡eb|

ab¨ evOvwj RvwZ, †h Zuv‡K e‡ÿ aviY K‡iwQj| ab¨ evsjvi mvsevw`KcwigÐj, †h Zuv‡K wb‡R‡ì RM‡Z †c‡qwQj| ab¨ Avgiv mK‡j †h,e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Zuvi Nwbô mvnPh© †c‡qwQjvg|

wPiwekÖv‡g kvwqZ gvwbK fvBi ¯§„wZi cÖwZ GUvB n‡e Avgvi †kÖôkÖ×vN©¨|13

1972 mv‡j RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi cÖ_g evwl©KmvaviY mfvq RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †`qv fvlYwU mvsevw`K‡ìcÖwZ Zuvi mvnmx I AvšÍwiKZvc~Y© `„wófw½i D¾¡j `„óvšÍ n‡q Av‡Q| K_vqe‡j, Ômwilvq f~Z! mwilv w`‡q f~Z Zvov‡bv nq| Avi †m hw` mwilvig‡a¨B f~Z _v‡K †mB mwiqv w`‡q wK n‡e? evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`K mgv‡RiGKwU As‡ki g‡a¨ †h f~Z i‡q †M‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi ci e½eÜz Zv fv‡jv K‡iBDcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB †Zv †`Lv hvq, BDwbq‡bi cÖ_g evwl©K mvaviYmfvq †mw`b cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †m f~Z m¤ú‡K© mKj‡Km‡PZb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜz †mw`b hv e‡jwQ‡jb Zvi Askwe‡kl:

ÔAvwg Avcbv‡ì Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ wQjvg|Avcbv‡ì A‡bK mnKgx© ïay mvsevw`K wQ‡jb bv, Zuviv Avgvi e¨w³MZ eÜzwQ‡jb| Avwg A‡bKw`b Zuv‡ì m‡½ †RjLvbvq KvwU‡qwQ| Gev‡ii msMÖv‡gZuv‡ì wbgg©fv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuviv AvR Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ bvB|

.. MYZ‡š¿i GKUv g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| MYZ‡š¿i A_© c‡ii ab Pzwi, Lyb-RLg, jyUZivR ev c‡ii AwaKvi niY Kiv bq| Zvi RbKj¨vYg~jK GKUvbxwZgvjv Av‡Q| mvsevw`KZviI Ggb GKUv g~j bxwZ Av‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb,

mvsevw`K‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD Av‡Q, huviv mvgwiK P‡µi nxbKv‡R mnvqZvK‡i‡Qb| ZuvivB awi‡q w`‡”Qb †mB mvsevw`K‡ì, huviv Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvmsMÖvg‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| GB Z_vKw_Z mvsevw`K‡ì GKRb †Kvb ˆ`wbKKvM‡R mnKvix m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Zb| wZwb Avje`‡ii †m‡KÛ-Bb-KgvÛ wQ‡jb| Ggb mvsevw`KI Av‡Qb, huv‡ì GB a„óZvg~jK Kv‡RibwRi Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡Q| Zviv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K msev` mieivnKi‡Zb| wKQz wKQz mvsevw`K wb‡R‡ì cÖMwZkxj e‡j `vwe Ki‡Zb| wKš‘Zviv ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i mgq K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U Lei mieivnK‡i‡Qb| Avcbviv wK ej‡eb †h, Zv‡ì Mv‡q nvZ w`‡j MYZš¿ Gesmvsevw`K‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi Dci AvNvZ Kiv n‡e?

.. Avcbviv `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb, Avcbv‡ì c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvq †hb †Kv‡bvw`bn¯Í‡ÿc bv Kwi| wKš‘ Avcbv‡ìI `vwqZ¡ Av‡Q| Avcbv‡ì e¨w³¯^vaxbZvqwek¦vm Kwi| Avcbv‡ì mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi †h Av`©k Av‡Q, †m¸‡jvgvb‡j wK wg_¨v K_v †jLv hvq? ivZvivwZ GKUv KvMR †ei K‡i, ê‡`wkKmvnvh¨ wb‡q †KD hw` evsjvÕi ey‡K mv¤úª`vwqKZvi exR ecb K‡i, Zvn‡jAvcbviv wbðqB †mUv mn¨ Ki‡eb bv| KviY, Zv ¯^vaxbZv bó Ki‡e|ÔIfviwmR cvwK¯ÍvbÕ bv‡g †Kv‡bv ms¯’v hw` GLb †_‡K Le‡ii KvMRcÖKvk K‡i, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? Avcbviv mvgvb¨ wKQz †jv‡Ki¯^v_© †`L‡eb, bv mv‡o mvZ †KvwU †jv‡Ki ¯^v_©, †h 30 jÿ †jvK i³w`‡q‡Q, Zuv‡ì ¯^v_© †`L‡eb? wecø‡ei c‡i msev`cÎ †h ¯^vaxbZv †c‡q‡Q,Zv G‡`‡k KL‡bv wQj bv|

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22

1972 mv‡j RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi cÖ_gevwl©K mvaviY mfvq RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †`qv fvlYwUmvsevw`K‡ì cÖwZ Zuvi mvnmx I AvšÍwiKZvc~Y© „wófw½i D¾¡j„óvšÍ n‡q Av‡Q| K_vq e‡j, Ômwilvq f~Z! mwilv w`‡q f~Z

Zvov‡bv nq| Avi †m hw` mwilvi g‡a¨B f~Z _v‡K †mB mwiqv w`‡qwK n‡e? evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`K mgv‡Ri GKwU As‡ki g‡a¨ †h f~Zi‡q †M‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi ci e½eÜz Zv fv‡jv K‡iB Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb|

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wgqv, m¤úv`K: Ave`yj nvwdR, evsjv‡`k eyKm B›Uvib¨vkbvj wjwg‡UW,wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 1984

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e½eÜz 1961 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei avbgwÐi32 b¤î mo‡Ki 677 b¤î evwo‡Z I‡Vb|evwowU †`vZjv ch©šÍ ˆZwi n‡Z K‡qK eQi†j‡MwQj| e½eÜz Kb¨v †kL nvwmbvi GKwU†jLvq G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv i‡q‡Q| wZwbwj‡L‡Qb, ÔhLb G evwo‡Z G‡m DwV, ZLb†Kej `y‡Uv †kvevi Ni Avi gv‡Si emvi NiUvn‡q‡Q| 1964 mv‡j A‡±ve‡i iv‡m‡ji Rb¥|ZLbI evwoi †`vZjv nqwb, wbPZjvUv n‡q‡Q|†`vZjvq IVvi wmuwo¸‡jv ZLbI cø¨v÷vinqwb| gv Lye ax‡i UvKv Rwg‡q Ges nvDmwewìs‡qi †jv‡bi UvKv wb‡q evwo ˆZwi K‡ib|Kv‡RB AZ¨šÍ Kó K‡iB gv‡K GB evwoUvKi‡Z n‡q‡Q| AveŸv gv‡S-gv‡SB †R‡j†h‡Zb e‡j me KvR eÜ n‡q †hZ, †h Kvi‡YG evwo †kl Ki‡Z eûw`b †j‡MwQj| 1961mv‡j GB evwowUi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb Kiv nq|†Kv‡bvg‡Z wZbUv Kvgiv K‡i Avgiv G‡mDwV| Gici gv GKUv GKUv Kvgiv evov‡Z_v‡Kb| Gfv‡e 1966 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K†`vZjv †kl nq|Õ

†`vZjv m¤úbœ n‡jI evwowU wQj Am¤ú~Y©wZb Zjvi| LyeB mvaviY KvVv‡gvi evwo GwU|e½eÜz 1962 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjbïiæ K‡ib GB evwo †_‡KB| Av‡›`vj‡biwb‡`©kbv GB evwo †_‡K †Ìqv n‡Zv| AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡qB GB evwowUevsjv‡`‡ki RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡biBwZnv‡mi m‡½ hy³ nq cÖ_g| 1962 mv‡j GBevwo †_‡K †MÖdZviI nb wZwb|

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gyw³hy‡×i ga¨w`‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq|1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMvi†_‡K gyw³ †c‡jb evsjvÕi cÖvYwcÖq †bZve½eÜz| wd‡i G‡jb Zuvi cÖvYwcÖq 32 b¤îevwo‡Z| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k‡K Dbœq‡bi w`‡KGwM‡q †bIqvi Rb¨ bvbvgyLx Kg©m~wP nv‡Z †bbe½eÜz| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨GKwU cwiKíbv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| wZwb†kvwlZ I wbh©vwZZ mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨G‡Kev‡i †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡K jovB K‡iG‡m‡Qb| e½eÜz memgq PvB‡Zb, †kvwl‡ZiMYZš¿ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z| wKš‘ 1975 mv‡ji 15BAvM÷ †mbvevwnbxi KwZcq wek¦vmNvZK ID”Pvwfjvmx m`‡mï nv‡Z 32 b¤î evwo‡Zcwievi-cwiRbmn wbnZ nb e½eÜz| GnZ¨vK‡Ð wQj evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× GK Mfxiloh‡š¿iB Ask|

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lv‡Ui `k‡K ïiæ‡Z wbwl× †NvwlZ KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZv gwY wmsn I†LvKv iv‡qi m‡½ †kL gywR‡ei GKwU êVK nq, hvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Av‡›`vj‡biMwZc_ wVK Kiv| Av‡jvPbvi GKch©v‡q gywRe ej‡jb, `v`v, MYZš¿-¯^vqËkvmb Gme wKQyB cvÄvweiv †`‡e bv| Kv‡RB ¯^vaxbZv Qvov evsjvi gyw³†bB| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i `yB †bZv Zuv‡K †evSvw”Q‡jb, ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ †Zvgvbyl‡K Av‡M cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb gywRe ej‡jb, Avcbv‡ì K_v GLbgvbjvg, wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZvB Avgvi PzovšÍ j¶¨| (m~Î : mvßvwnK GKZv, 19AvM÷ 1988)

e½eÜz evOvwji gyw³i mb` e‡j cwiwPZ Qq`dv Kg©m~wP Ggb mg‡q†NvlYv Ki‡jb, hLb evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx m¤ú‡K© cÖPÐweiƒc aviYv Rb¥ wb‡qwQj, 1965 mv‡j 13 w`‡bi hy‡× Zviv c~e©evsjv‡KAiw¶Z †i‡L wb‡R‡ì wbivcËv wb‡qB e¨¯Í wQj| Avevi hLb Pig ev‡givmË‡ii wbe©vPb eR©b K‡i GK cvwK¯Ívb KvVv‡gvq RbMYZvwš¿K wecøe KiviwPšÍv KiwQj, e½eÜy wbe©vPb‡K wb‡jb Zuvi ¯^‡cœi †mvbvi evsjv cÖwZôvi c‡¶MY‡fvU wn‡m‡e| Avi e¨vj‡U wZwb Ggb AfvweZ weRq AR©b Ki‡jb hLbcvwK¯Ívwb‡ì ey‡jU, U¨vsK, KvgvbÑmeB Zz”Q n‡q wM‡qwQj|

huviv Ôe½eÜy ¯^vaxbZv PvbwbÕ e‡j dvjZy weZK© K‡ib, Zuv‡ìBwZnvmÁvb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n bv K‡i cviv hvq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvimsMÖvg 9 gv‡mi gyw³hy‡× mxwgZ bq, ejv hvq cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvKvj †_‡KB¯^vaxbZvi bZzb msMÖv‡gi ïiæ| Avi ¯^vaxbZvi GB ¯ú„nv evOvwj gvb‡m †kLgywRe Ggbfv‡e †cÖvw_Z K‡iwQ‡jb †h, †hw`b Bqvwnqv Lvb cvwK¯Ívb RvZxqcwil‡ì Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ Ki‡jb, †mw`bB evsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯Ívwbiv KZ©…Z¡nvivj; e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡jv MYivR A_ev RbM‡Yi kvmb|AvbyôvwbK ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi Av‡M wZwb evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi KZ©…Z¡ wb‡Ri nv‡Zwb‡q wb‡jb| e½eÜy ¯^vaxbZv †P‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ hy× Pvbwb| hy×Uv cvwK¯ÍvwbivBPvwc‡q w`‡q‡Q|

1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi ci ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb, we‡kl K‡ic~e©evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z †hme D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv N‡U‡Q, Zvi cÖavb cy‡ivwnZwQ‡jb †kL gywReB| 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb hLb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g we‡ivax `jAvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq, ZLb wZwb KvivMv‡i; wKš‘ `j Movi cÖ¯‘wZwUAv‡MB wb‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| GgbwK Avmvg †_‡K AvMZ Av‡iK jovKz †bZvgIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GB `j MwVZ n‡e, †mmeIwZwb wVK K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| †mvnivIqv`©x ZLb KjKvZv †Q‡o KivwP‡Z GesAveyj nvwkg fvi‡Z †_‡K hvIqvq Zuv‡ì Abymvix‡ì msMwVZ Kivi `vwqZ¡G‡m c‡o †kL gywR‡ei IciB| cÖ_‡g wZwb QvÎjxM‡K cybM©Vb K‡ib|Gici wewfbœ †Rjv kn‡i mfv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

cvwK¯Ívb kvmbvg‡ji A‡a©K mgqB e½eÜyi †K‡U‡Q KvivMv‡i| e½eÜyiivR‰bwZK mwPe I EbmË‡ii MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi †bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`m¤cÖwZ e½eÜyi Kvivev‡mi †h cwimsL¨vb Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Zv †`‡L wknwiZn‡Z nq| Zuvi Rxe‡bi 4 nvRvi 682 w`b †K‡U‡Q KvivMv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ ¯‹y‡jiQvÎ Ae¯’vq weªwUk Avg‡j mvZw`b Kviv‡fvM K‡ib| evwK 4 nvRvi 675 w`bwZwb Kviv‡fvM K‡ib cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Avg‡j| wZwb 1938 mv‡j cÖ_gKvivMv‡i hvb| Gici 1948 mv‡ji 11 gvP© †_‡K 15 gvP© cvuPw`b wZwbKvivMv‡i wQ‡jb| GKB eQi 11 †m‡Þ¤î AvUK n‡q gyw³ cvb 1949 mv‡ji21 Rvbyqvwi| G `dvq wZwb 132 w`b Kviv‡fvM K‡ib| Gici 1949 mv‡ji19 GwcÖj AveviI KvivMv‡i wM‡q 80 w`b Kviv‡fvM K‡i gyw³ cvb 28 Ryb|IB `dvq wZwb 27 w`b Kviv‡fvM K‡ib| GKB eQ‡ii 1949 mv‡ji 25A‡±vei †_‡K 27 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ 63 w`b Ges 1950 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K1952 mv‡ji 26 †deªæqvwi Uvbv 787 w`b KvivMv‡i wQ‡jb| 1954 mv‡jiwbe©vP‡b Rqjv‡fi ciI e½eÜy‡K KvivMv‡i †h‡Z nq| †m mg‡q e½eÜy 206w`b Kviv‡fvM K‡ib| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Rvwii cie½eÜy 11 A‡±vei †MÖßvi nb| G mg‡q Uvbv 1 nvRvi 153 w`b Zuv‡KKvivMv‡i KvUv‡Z nq| Gici 1962 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyqvwi AveviI †MÖßvi n‡qgyw³ cvb IB eQ‡ii 18 Ryb| G `dvq wZwb Kviv‡fvM K‡ib 158 w`b|Gici Õ64 I Õ65 mv‡j wewfbœ †gqv‡` wZwb 665 w`b KvivMv‡i wQ‡jb|Qq`dv †Ìqvi ci wewfbœ †gqv‡` 90 w`b Kviv‡fvM K‡ib| Gici 1966mv‡ji 8 †g AveviI †MÖßvi n‡q 1969 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvwi MY-Afz¨Ìv‡biga¨ w`‡q gyw³ cvb| G mgq wZwb 1 nvRvi 21 w`b KvivMv‡i wQ‡jb| 1971mv‡ji 26 gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †Ìqvi ciciB cvwK¯ÍvbmiKvi Zuv‡K †MÖßvi K‡i| G `dvq wZwb KvivMv‡i wQ‡jb 288 w`b| (RvZxqmsm‡` ivóªcwZi fvl‡Yi Ici Av‡jvPbv, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 7 gvP© 2017)

mgKvjxb Ab¨vb¨ †bZvi m‡½ †kL gywR‡ei dvivKwU Dcjwä Kiv hvqGKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©x mvsevw`‡Ki eqv‡b| AvUlwÆ mv‡j wcwWGg †bZvivmviv‡`k P‡l †eov‡”Qb Zvu‡ì †NvwlZ AvU `dvi c‡¶ RbgZ M‡o Zzj‡Z|wKš‘ Zuviv †hLv‡b hvb †mLv‡bB j¶ K‡ib Rbmfvq AvMZ †jvKRb †kLgywR‡ei K_v Rvb‡Z Pvb| GKevi †Uª‡b †h‡Z wcwWGg †bZv Ave`ym mvjvgLvb mvsevw`K‡ì wR‡Ám K‡ib, Av”Qv e‡jb †Zv gvbyl GZ †kL gywRe, †kLgywRe K‡i †Kb? ZLb GKRb mvsevw`K e‡jb, Avcbviv GLb †Kv_vqAv‡Qb? DËi †Uª‡bi cÖ_g †kÖwYi m¨vjy‡b| Avi †kL gywRe †Kv_vq Av‡Qb?†RjLvbvq| ZLb IB mvsevw`K ej‡jb, G Kvi‡YB gvbyl †kL gywRe †kLgywRe K‡i| (m~Î : gyw³hy× I e½eÜy, Avwgi †nv‡mb, A¨vWb© cvewj‡Kkbm)

`xN© Qq `k‡KiI †ewk mgq evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ e½eÜy†kL gywReyi ingvb| RxeÏkvq †Zv e‡UB, g„Zzï ciI Zuv‡K wN‡i AvewZ©Zn‡”Q Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZ| RxweZKv‡j wZwb G †`‡ki Rbgvb‡m †h RvqMv K‡iwb‡qwQ‡jb, g„Zzï 42 eQi ci Zv AviI m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q| huviv GKmgqZuvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Zb, ZuvivI GLb RvZxqZv I ¯^vaxbZv wewbg©v‡Y Zuvif~wgKvi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡ib| mgmvgwqK ivRbxwZ‡Kiv †hLv‡b evievi bxwZcwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb, ZvwË¡K weZ‡K© `j‡K weLwÐZ K‡i‡Qb, †m mg‡q e½eÜzRxeb-g„Zz¨ cv‡qi f…Z¨Ávb K‡i evOvwj‡K ¯^vaxbZvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ K‡i‡Qb,cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡ì weiæ‡× mk¯¿ msMÖvg‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb Awbevh©| ivóªcÖwZôvi Av‡MB wZwb n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb ivóªbvqK| Zuvi Amn‡hvMI gnvZ¥v MvÜxev gvwU©b jy_vi wKs‡qi g‡Zv wbQK cÖwZev`-Av‡›`vjb wQj bv; wQj cvwK¯ÍvwbivóªKvVv‡gv Ges kvm‡bi weiæ‡× GKwU mdj I weKí kvmbeë¯’v cÖwZôvKiv|

15B AvM‡÷i N„Y¨ nZ¨vKv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡qB wK evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi m‡½ †kLgywR‡ei m¤úK© wQbœ n‡q †M‡Q? Aek¨B bq| NvZ‡KivI RvbZ, evsjv‡`‡kim‡½ Zuvi m¤úK© Awe‡”Q`¨| G Kvi‡YB g„Zzï ciI Zviv msNe× n‡q e½eÜz†kL gywR‡ei weiæ‡× wg_¨v Acev` I AccÖPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q| GKmgq ivóªxqcÖPvihš¿ `~‡i _vK, †emiKvwi MYgva¨‡gI Zuvi bvg D”PviY Kiv n‡Zv bv|†mB wb‡lavÁvi †`qvj †cwi‡q e½eÜz AvR evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li wPšÍv I gbb,Avkv I AvKv•ÿvi cÖZx‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| †mw`b huviv Zuv‡K wbwl× †NvlYvK‡iwQ‡jb, ZuvivB BwZnv‡mi cvZvq wbwl× n‡q †M‡Qb|

evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q hw` Avgv‡ì BwZnv‡mi †kÖô AR©b nq, Zvn‡je½eÜyi nZ¨vKvÐ me‡P‡q eo we‡qvMvšÍ NUbv, G K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e|

†mvnive nvmvb : Kwe, mvsevw`K

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29

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ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg,Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ Ñe½eÜz

G cÖ‡Yv`bvg~jK hy×-†¯øvMvb wQj evOvwj RvwZi gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi g~j nvwZqvi|7B gvP© 1971 †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 19 wgwb‡Ui fvlY wQj Awebvkx K_vgvjvi| cÖwZwUgyw³‡hv×vi hy× †cÖiYv, gyw³i w`kv, bq gvme¨vcx mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li KÉ¯î,evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ivR‰bwZK d«›U I mk¯¿ d«›U‡K GK myZvq †Mu‡_ AMÖmi Kiviwb‡`©k, evsjvi wn›`y-gymjgvb-†eŠ×-wLªóvb me m¤úª`v‡qi gvbyl‡K HKë× evOvwj RvwZ‡Z

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W. wkíx f`ª

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30

cwiYZ Kivi RvZxq gnvKve¨| Gi iƒcKvi n‡jb GKRb ivR‰bwZKgnvKwe; whwb G‡Ki ci GK ewjô c`‡ÿ‡ci ga¨w`‡q, Zuvi †gav-kÖg-cÖÁv-mvnm-Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii A½xKvi wb‡q, eû gvby‡li, eû Kv‡jiAvKv•ÿvi iƒc w`‡q, evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ K‡iÔevsjv‡`kÕ bv‡gi iv‡óªi Rb¥ w`‡qwQ‡jbÑwZwb e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingvb (1920-1975)| A‡b‡K Zvi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K KweZv evMxwZKweZvI e‡j _v‡Kb| Kweiv h_vm¤¢e kã eënvi K‡ib †hcvi`wk©Zvq, 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi cÖwZwU kã Zvrch©gwÐZfv‡e GgbmywbcyY K_vgvjvq mvRv‡bv †h Zv‡K KweZv ej‡j AZz¨w³ nq bv| ejvhvq, †jvKMxwZI| †jvKMxwZi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ G fvl‡Yi mv`„k¨ jÿYxq:

Òe½eÜz Zuvi Av‡cvlnxbZv I PvwiwÎK `v‡X¨©i cwiPqgyw`ªZ K‡iwQb †jŠwKK fve-fw½i wewkó eywjims‡hvR‡b| cªvK…ZR‡bi eëüZ GBme gwYgy³vm`„kwKQz kã evOvwji eënvwiK Rxeb †_‡K †bqv| IBfvl‡Y e½eÜzi wkKom¤ú„³, eywjmg„× G iKg GKwUjvBb †jLv n‡jv, Ômv‡o 7 †KvwU gvby‡l‡i `vev‡qivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb †KDAvgv‡ì `vev‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó1

Ôe½eÜzÕ DcvwawU wZwb Zvi Kg©KzkjZvq AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| GKRbmsMÖvgx I mvnmx gvbyl‡K †`kevmx, cig kª×vq Avi fv‡jv‡e‡m GBDcvwa †`b| G fv‡jvevmv, G ggZv wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡i`ÿZv, Kg©wbôv, mvnm, mZZv, †`k‡cÖg Ges me©¯Í‡ii gvbyl‡Kfv‡jvevmvi ¯^xK…wZ¯îƒc| 23 †deªæqvwi 1969 †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †kLgywRe‡K MYmsea©bv †`qvi Av‡qvRb nq| †mLv‡b cÖvq 10 jÿ RbZvigv‡S XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm‡ì wfwc, QvÎ msMÖvgcwil‡ì †bZv Ges H mfvi mfvcwZ †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` †kL gywReyiingvb‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|

BwZnv‡mi GK we‡kl mg‡q e½eÜzi Dcw¯’wZ| evM¥x wn‡m‡e,Rb‡bZv e½eÜzi RbwcÖqZv ZLb AvKvkPz¤^x| ïay Zuvi fvlY I †NvlYv†kvbvi Rb¨B jvL jvL gvbyl 7B gvP© mg‡eZ n‡qwQj †im‡Kv‡m©| ZvivHKë× I myk„•Lj wQj Zvi wm×všÍ †kvbvi Rb¨| GKUv wekvj RbmfvqGKRb Awemsevw`Z †bZvi Dcw¯’wZ Ges Hw`b GB fvl‡YiAcwinvh©Zv wQj Acwimxg| KviY Zuvi fvlY Abb¨ êwkó¨m¤úbœ|†mmg‡q Zuvi ivR‰bwZK ev ivóªxq Ae¯’vb, we`¨gvb ivR‰bwZKcwiw¯’wZi Ici KZ©„Z¡, †kÖvZvi m‡½ e³vi kÖ×v I m‡¤§vnbx m¤úK©, welqI Dc¯’vcbv ÷vB‡ji wbR¯^Zv, ¯úó e³e¨, ivR‰bwZK wm×všÍ cÖYq‡beZ©gvb Ges fwel¨‡Zi Bw½Z, e³‡eï wPiKvjxb I my`~icÖmvix cÖfvecÖf…wZi Rb¨ e½eÜzB wQ‡jb ZLb GKgvÎ Ges Awbevh© †bZv| †kLgywRe wQ‡jb gyw³ †mbv‡ì hy‡×i cÖvYkw³ Avevi PvwjKvkw³ ej‡jIfzj n‡e bv| GB gnvbvq‡Ki wm×v‡šÍ RbMY g‡b mvnm I Rxeb evwR†i‡L nvwmgy‡L cÖvY w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Gi cÖgvY †g‡j hy×Kvjxb mg‡q†jLv cÖwZwU Mv‡bi e³‡e¨| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q gyw³hy× gv‡bB gywRe, gywRegv‡bB ¯^vaxbZv| ZvB ZLb ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgx ev gyw³‡hv×vi cÖavb†¯øvMvb wQj: ÔRq evsjv Rq e½eÜzÕ|

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Ôevsjvi wn›`y evsjvi †eŠ× evsjvi wLª÷vbevsjvi gymjgvb Avgiv mevB evOvwj \ wZZzgxi, Ckv Luv, wmivR mšÍvb GB evsjv‡`‡kiÿzwìvg, m~h©‡mb, †bZvRx mšÍvb GB evsjv‡`‡kiGB evsjvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q wek¦Uv‡i Kuvwc‡q w`j Kvi †m KÉ¯î, gywRei †m †h gywReiRq evsjv e‡j‡i fvB \Õ

ÑGB MvbwUi myi w`‡q‡Qb mgi `vm| ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªAmsLëvi MxZ n‡q‡Q| †eZv‡i cÖPvwiZ Av‡iv wKQz D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mvbn‡”Q:

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Rxebvb‡›ì iƒcmx evsjv,iƒ‡ci †h Zvi †bB‡Kv †kl, evsjv‡`k|

ÔRq evsjvÕ ej‡Z gb‡i AvgviGL‡bv †Kb fv‡ev,(Avgvi) nviv‡bv evsjv‡K Avevi †Zv wd‡i cv‡ev|AÜKv‡i c~evKv‡k DV‡e Avevi w`bgwY \Õ

†Zvivc Avjx kvnÕi K_v,myi Ges K‡ÉÑÔgywReyi mZ¨ hy‡MiÕ GesnvwdRyi ingv‡bi †jLv I my‡iÑÔAvgvi †bZv †kL gywReÕÑMvbwU ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i AmsLëvi MxZn‡q‡Q| †kL gywRe GKwU Av`k©, weRq, wbf©xKZvi cÖZx‡Ki bvg ZLb|cÖwZwU gyw³‡mbvB †hb GK GKRb gywRe| mg‡eZ K‡É †eZv‡i†e‡R‡QÑ

ÔgwRei gwRei gwReiAvR MÖvg evOjvi c_ cÖvšÍiAvIqvR Zzwj‡Q aŸwb mg¯î

†Zvgvwi Rj` M¤¢xi eRª KÉ¯î|†bB wg‡Q Avi †Kvb fq mskqÑ|Õ

A_ev knx`yj Bmjv‡gi Mvb:ÔRxeb hy‡× Avgiv mevB jowQjowQ †gviv, MowQ †mvbvi †`kmvZ †KvwU cÖvY GKwU gywRe n‡q†kvlY-†clY-g„Zz¨ wbcvZ KiwQ|Õ

Zvi Avi GKwU Mvb:ÔgywRe GB evsjvi DbœZ wk‡igywRe GB evsjvi N‡i N‡i†K Zv‡i iæL‡Z cv‡i|mZ¨-b¨v‡qi †m i³wUKv`y¯’ cÖv‡Yi †m ewýwkLv†m †h eyfzÿ ü`‡qi nvnvKv‡i \hLwb gvbyl gvby‡li i³ †Pv‡lhLwb Ab¨vq mxgv Qvwo‡q Av‡mwbcxwoZ ü`q †_‡KZLwb gywRe †ewi‡q Av‡m \Õ

evsjvi BwZnvm D‡V G‡m‡Q gywR‡ei Mv‡bÑÔBqvwnqvi M„nevmfzÆvi †ÿ‡Z Ki‡Q me©bvk,GLb Bqvwnqv fyÆv LvBqvKi‡Q m`vq nv ûZvkfzÆvi †ÿ‡Z...........\fzÆv hLb XvKvq AvB‡jvBqvwnqv‡i eySvB‡jv†kL gywRe‡K e›`x KievOvwji cÖvY Ki bvkfzÆvi †ÿ‡Z............\Õ (K_v I myi: †gvgZvR Avjx Lvb)

ÔRq evsjvÕ, ÔRq e½eÜÕz ev ÔRq gywReiÕ ZLb †hb wgwQ‡ji †¯øvMvbBbq; mvgwMÖK g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖZxK e‡b wM‡qwQj| k¨vgj ¸ß ZvB wjL‡jb:

Ômv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li Avi GKwU bvg gywReimv‡o mvZ †KvwU cÖ‡kœi Reve †c‡q †MjvgRq evsjv, Rq gywReyi, Rq evsjv, Rq gywReyi \G †h kc‡_i i‡³i ¯^vÿi, G †h Av¸‡bi g‡š¿i AÿiAMÖMvgx gyw³Kvgxi gb¯‹vgÑgywRei...... G †h jvwÃZ, wbcxwoZ MYmËvq RvMiYG †h wbf©q `yR©q MYmsMÖvg AvgiYÑgywRei|Õ

ÔRq evsjvÕ wb‡q Av‡iKwU Mvb wj‡L‡Qb, wkíx †gv¯Ídv Rvgvb AveŸvmx ÔRq evsjv Rq evsjv e‡jm‡e Avq‡i evOvwj†mvbvi evsjv ¯^vaxb nBqv‡Q|...... gq~ic•Lx †bŠKv †gv‡ì †VKwQj PovqGLb bq hy‡Mi evb WvBKv‡Q evsjvi `wiqvqGevi mvZ †KvwU †jvK Uvb‡Q êVve½eÜz nvj aBiv‡Q \Õ

GB MvbwU GBPGgwfÕi †iKW©K…Z| GBPGgwf (wnR gv÷vm© f‡qR)†_‡K cvIqv hvq Av‡iv wKQz Mvb:

ÔI Avgvi evsjv‡`‡ki gvwS fvBRq evsjv ewjqv AvB‡mviwOb cvj DovB \

I gvwS I, I‡i Qq ùv‡o‡Z†bŠKv P‡j gy‡L AvjøvRxI‡i euvKv bv‡qi nvj aBiv‡Q

†MvcvjM‡Äi gvwS \ I gvwS I, †MvcvjM‡Äi bv‡qi gvwSevsjv‡`‡ki bvBqv†m †h me `ytLx‡i cvi KBiv †`q

Rq evsjv Mvb MvBqv \Õ

GB Mv‡bi wkíx: i_x›`ªbv_ ivq Z‡e iPwqZv AÁvZ|Avevi

Ôevsjv gv‡qi ivLvj †Q‡j euvwk w`‡jv Uvb†kvb fvB wn›`y-gymjgvbgv‡qi gy‡L dzU‡jv nvwm cvjvB‡Q †eCgvb†i fvB cvjvB‡Q kqZvb \ Õ

MvbwUi MxwZKvi, myiKvi Ges wkíx †gv¯Ídv Rvgvb AveŸvmx| A_evÕ

Ôe½eÜzi Wv‡K †igywRe fvB Wv‡K †i†K †Kv_vq Av‡Qgv‡V-Nv‡U, M‡Ä-nv‡U†Kv_vq AvQMÖv‡g-kn‡i‡Z K‡j-KviLvbv‡Z†Kv_vq AvQwn›`y-gymjgvb †eŠ×Ñwgwj Avq jv‡L jv‡L †i \Õ

MvbwUi MxwZKvi †MŠixcÖmbœ gRyg`vi Ges myiKvi I wkíx wbg©‡j›`y†PŠayix|

nijvj ivq e½eÜz‡K wb‡q K‡qKwU Mvb wj‡L myi w`‡q‡Qb, Zvn‡jv:

1. ........................Rq Kwiqv evOvwji gb, e½eÜz b¨vh¨ †fv‡U wRwZ \ †mB bv †`v‡l †`vlx nBj e›`x KB‡jøkqZvb Bqvwnqv ZvB|Õ

2. .....................................................Kv‡›` evsjv `¨vkI‡V gwRei gwRei †kL gwRei aŸwbevOvwji `ywLZ& AšÍi †i|................cv‡Qi wPšÍv Gwnqv Kwim bvB \Õ

3. ....................(I ZzB) †Kvb&‡V AvwQm e½eÜz †kL gwReiKv‡›` civY †Zvi ev‡` nvgviI ZzB gyw³‡dŠRK †`vqv KwimAvjøv iÿv KiæK †Zvgvi cÖvY \Õ

4. ...............................Rq evOjv evOvwji Rq †kL gwRegš¿ w`j evOvwj‡ì Kv‡b†mB bv g‡š¿ RvwMqv DwVjNygšÍ bvM bvwMbx‡iÕ cÖf…wZ|

evsjvi †jvK-`k©‡bi mviK_v mve©Rbxb gvbe‡cÖg| GB †jvK-`k©‡biggv_© †g‡j e½eÜz †kL gywRey‡ii Rxe‡b| evsjvi BwZnvm e‡j, nvRvieQi a‡i kvwmZ †eŠ×, wn›`y, gymjgvb ivRv‡ì ivR‰bwZK Av`‡k© GKwUAwfbœ gvbweK ms¯‹…wZ weivRgvb| †`Lv hvq, evsjvi cÖvq wZb nvRvieQ‡ii kvmbvg‡ji kvmK‡ì g‡a¨ Awnsmv, gvbe‡cÖg I gvbeZvev‡ìbvbv Dcv`vb cÖvPzh©| GRb¨ A‡bK b„RvwZi mw¤§jb-ms‡køl, b`xgvZ…KZv,m‡e©vcwi evsjvi f~‡Mvj, Rjevqy `vqx| ZvB-eywS †MŠZg ey×, kxj f`ª,kÖxÁvb AZxk `xc¼i, Kexi- bvbK, ˆPZb¨-jvjb cÖgyL m‡šÍi D`vi-gvbeZvev‡ì wePiY †`wL fviZe‡l©| GiB avivevwnKZvq fviZ Ievsjvi ivR‰bwZK iƒcKvi‡ì g‡a¨ gnvZ¥v MvÜx, gIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg

31

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AvRv`, †bZvwR myfvl P›`ª emy, †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vm, Bw›ìv MvÜx, †kLgywReyi ingvb cÖgyL‡K †c‡qwQ Avgiv| gvby‡li me‡PÕ eo A¯¿fv‡jvevmv| fv‡jvevmv, kÖ×v, wek¦v‡mi g~j| †kL gywRe GB g‡š¿G‡`‡ki jÿ cÖvY‡K RvwM‡qwQ‡jb| †Zgwb GKwU Mvb wj‡L‡Qb KvwZ©KKg©KviÑ

†kvb H †kvb evsjv‡`‡kiwkKj fvOvi Mvb,

RqZz gywRe! †Kvb †m g‡š¿RvMv‡j jÿ cÖvY \........

PvB gyw³ÑPvB ¯^vaxb evsjv gyw³ †mbvbx nuv‡K,euvPvi Kvi‡Y giY wP‡b‡Q

e½eÜzi Wv‡K;cy‡ei AvKvk nÕ‡q hvK bxj

jvj †nvK Aemvb \Õ wKsev Zvi:

ÔfvB‡i fvB‡i fvBwn›`y-gymjgvb,......

e½eÜz gywRei H eRªK‡É nuv‡K,mv‡o mvZ †KvwU I‡i fvB‡evbÑ

RvM&‡i gv‡qi Wv‡K ;hvq hw` cÖvY hvK&bv AvwR‡KnI m‡e Av¸qvb \Õ

RvwZ‡K RvwM‡q, nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii k„•LwjZ RvwZi gyw³i Rb¨ e½eÜz¯^vaxbZvi WvK †`b| RvwZi wcZvi G AvnŸv‡b mgMÖ RvwZ mvov †`q,Zviv M‡R© I‡V ÿgZv‡jvfx `vjvj‡ì weiæ‡×| ZvB PviY Kwe †gv.wmivRyj Bmjvg wjL‡jb:

ÔevOvwjiv Rv‡bi RvbivL‡Z n‡e evOvwj‡ì gvbI‡i KvOv‡ji ìw` G‡jv†kL gywRei ingvb \....evOvwj‡ì bqbgwY †kL gywRei ¸‡Yi ¸wYAvjøv †gv‡ì mnvq Av‡QbivL‡ev bv `vjv‡ji Rvb \Õ

1947 mv‡j fviZ fvM Ges cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&RvwZi wcZv †m‡R evOvwj RvwZi Aw¯ÍZ¡ gy‡Q w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb†kL gywRe‡K evOvwjiv Zv‡ì ÔcÖK…Z gyw³i, cÖK…Z eÜzÕ wn‡m‡e w¯’iK‡iÑ†mK_v e¨³ n‡q‡Q we`» Kwe †gvK‡m` Avjx muvBi iPbvq:

Ôevsjvi LuvwU gvbyl†kL gywRei †R‡bv fvBZvi gZ Avi evsjvi eÜz bvB \†ZBk eQi A‡bK †bZv †m‡R G‡jb RvwZi wcZvGLb †gv‡ì LuvwU ÎvZv†kL gywRe‡KB cvB \Õ

†m avivevwnKZvq 25†k gvP© †kL gywRe‡K †Mvc‡b AvUK K‡i cwðgcvwK¯Ív‡b wb‡q hvIqvi cÖnmb wel‡q wePvi Mv‡bi-Kwe, Ave`yj nvwjgiPbv Ki‡jb:

ÔRvwZi wcZv gnvb †bZv (Zv‡i) Qvowe wKbv ejew›`kvjvq fvOe Zvjv evOvwj fvB Pj‡i Pj \ †kvb ewj‡i fz‡Æv wgqv †kL mv‡ne‡i `vI Qvwoqvbv nq _vK mveavb nBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q cvMjv Xj \Õ

gyw³hy‡×i cy‡iv mgqUv †kL gywRe wQ‡jb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡iew›`| hy×-†mbvcwZ gywR‡ei gyw³ gv‡b, evsjvi gyw³| †m cÖm‡½B Mvbwj‡L‡Qb †gv. wmivRyj Bmjvg:

Ônv‡i I Avgvi evsjvi †kL gywReevsjv‡`k‡K KBivQ mRxe7 †KvwU evOvwji Zzwg nBQ bqbgwY

`ywL gv‡qi `ywL mšÍvb evbvBev me awb \.....G‡mv G‡mv †gviv jovB Kwi †`‡ki jvwMqv†Zvgv‡K Avwbe gywRe †RjLvbv fvwOqv Bqvwnqv fz‡Æv‡i gvie jvwV w`qv†Zvgv‡K Kwie gy³ _vKe bv Avi civaxb \Õ

evsjv‡`k 16B wW‡m¤^‡i ¯^vaxb n‡jv| evOvwji Avb›` †hb a‡i bv;gyw³i Av‡jvi Sibv avivi g‡Zv Zv e‡q Pjj| GB gv‡n›`ª-ÿ‡Y Zviv†kL gywRe‡K cv‡k bv-†c‡q e¨_vq w¤ªqgvY n‡jv| Gi wPÎ i‡q‡QMxwZKvi knx`yj Bmjv‡gi GKwU weL¨vZ Mv‡b, Gi myiKvi my‡Rq k¨vg|MvbwU ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ª cÖPvwiZ gyw³hy‡×i †kl Mvb, Gi ZvjKvnviev:

ÔweRq wbkvb Do‡Q HLywki nvIqvq H Do‡Qevsjvi N‡i N‡igyw³i Av‡jv H Si‡Q|AvR Rxe‡bi Rq Djøv‡mRg‡Q wkwki `ye©vNv‡mcv‡k †bB Avgv‡ì gnvb †bZvnvwmi gv‡S AvR Rv‡M e¨_vmvZ †KvwU cÖvY w`‡K w`‡K H`xß gkvj †R¡‡j Pj‡Q \ AÜ Kvivi Auvavi †_‡KwQwb‡q Avb‡ev e½eÜz‡KD”Qj eb¨vi KjMÖv‡mkÎæiv wbðj n‡q‡Qgnvkw³‡Z †KvwU †KvwU cÖvYH eÜ Kvivi Øvi Lyj‡Q \Õ

Gici e½eÜzi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b †h MYg‡b KZUv D”Q¡vm G‡bwQj, ZviwPÎ dy‡U‡Q M‡Yk †fŠwg‡Ki Mv‡b:

Ôevsjvi ¯^vaxbZv Avb‡jv †K?gywRe gywRe gywRegyw³i Av‡jv‡K ivOv‡jv †K ?gywRe gywRe gywRe \.....evsjvi AMwYZ bw›`Z Mwe©ZmËvi ew›`Z †e`bvi i³UxKv \ evsjvi gvwU‡Z AuvK‡jv †K?gywRe gywRe gywRe \Õ

wZwb Avevi wjL‡jb:ÔAvwg GKRb gyw³‡mbvkÎæi mv‡_ j‡o P‡jwQ..................evsjvi N‡i N‡i AvR†kvb †KvwU gywR‡ei KÉÑGev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvgH D‡V jvj m~h© \Õ

wKsev ZviÑ ÔAvgiv gyw³‡mbvAvgiv fq Kwi bvAvgiv exiv½bv...........ev½vjx me GK nBqv†kL gywR‡ei gš¿ wbqvgiY‡K Avi fq Kwi bv .........\Õ

gywRe ZLb me©gvb‡ei gnvbvqK| gyw³hy‡×i †mbvcwZ, gnvb †bZv,AMÖ`~Z, evsjvi eÜz, LuvwU ÎvZv cÖf…wZ Awfavq RbMY Zv‡K Awfwm³K‡iB ÿvšÍ nqwb, MÖvg-evsjvi Rvwiqvj-Kweqvj-PviYKwe-MxwZKvi‡ìKv‡Q wZwb bv‡q‡e imyj ev fMevb-†èZv, AeZvi cÖf…wZ Avm‡b Avmxbn‡qwQ‡jb; Zvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Mv‡bi kã-AvL‡i:

Ô†n gnvb! Zzwg Av`k© gvbe Zzwg cyiæl cÖavbZzwg m‡Zï cÖZxK Zzwg avwg©K I wbf©xK

32

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Zzwg mve©‡fŠwgK Zzwg b¨vq wbôvevb|¸j-evwMPvi dzj Zzwg bxj `wiqvi Rj,ag© A_© Kvg †gvÿ PZze©‡M©i dj,cwiÎvqb mvaybvs webvkqPs `y¯‹…Zg,ag© ms¯’vcbv‡_© Kwjhy‡Mi AeZvig,Zzwg wn› y I ey×, Zzwg wkL I ï×,Zzwg ÿyä bq jä Zzwg Rã †gvQjgvb \wR‡Zw›`ªq cyiæl Zzwg bv‡q‡e imyj,fvwO‡Z G‡mQ Zzwg ev½vwji fzj,iæ`ª iƒ‡c fxg Zzwg ï`ª iƒ‡c Kvg,Rx‡ei g‡a¨ mRxe Zzwg, gywRe †Zvgvi bvgZzwg B›`ª I P›`ª, Zzwg eiæY my‡i›`ª,ax‡i›`ª Kzgvi Zzwg ex‡i›`ª mšÍvb \Õ

ÑMvbwU wj‡L‡Qb bovB‡ji Rvwiqvj †gvm‡jgDwÏb, Kwe bRiæj Q‡›`|G †kÖwYi Av‡iKwU Mvb wZwb wj‡L‡Qb MRj Avw½‡K:ÔfvMëZx †g‡q Zzwg, gv fvMëZx †g‡q

†Zvgvi ey‡K e½eÜz G‡jv `qvj iƒc awi‡q \..........ag©‡K Ki‡Z ms¯‹vi, niY Ki‡Z aiYxi fvi|AeZvwi nB‡q G‡mv bivKv‡i `qvj AvgviAuvav‡i hvq Av‡jvK w`‡q \ †Zvgv‡K Kwi‡Z D×vi e½eÜz †kL gywRei,Ni-evwo Qvwo‡q AvR 24 ermi c‡_ c‡_gnv `ytL wk‡i jB‡q \ 25 †k gv‡P©i ivZ 12Uvq †mvbvi evsjvq ¸wj Pvjvq,wb`©q wbôzi nB‡q `yó Bqvwnqvi loRv‡jeÜz _vK‡jb ew›` nB‡q \Õ

Ave`yj nvwjg eqvwZmn Ave`yj jwZd, †iRvDj Kwig †PŠayix, kvnAve`yj Kwig, kwd evOvwj, gwnb kvn&, KvOvj †Kei, Ave`yj MwY,gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, cÖ‡Yvw`r Kzgvi eo–qv, mvB`yi ingvb eqvwZ cÖgyL kZkZ MxwZKv‡ii Mvb i‡q‡Q gywRe Ges gyw³hy×‡K cÖm½ K‡i| †gvm‡jgeqvwZi Aa©kZvwaK Mv‡bi mÜvb †g‡j| G †kªwYi K‡qKwU Mv‡bi D‡jøLKiv n‡jv, G¸‡jvi iPwqZv Ave`yj nvwjg eqvwZ:

1. ÔevOvwj RvwZi wcZv gnvb †bZv †kL gywRei/webv †`v‡l †kLmv‡ne‡i ew›` Kij †R‡ji wfZi \Õ

2. Ô†Kv_vq iBjv e½eÜz †mvbvi evsjv _yBqvAa©bwgZ wbkv‡b †Zvgvi †e`b hv‡”Q MvBqv \Õ

3. Ôe½eÜz gnvb evYx fzj‡ev bv igbv gv‡V AKc‡U K‡iwQ‡j Kíbv \Õ

4. ÔRvwZi wcZv gnvb †bZv Zzwg †h gnvbZzwg evsjvi wk‡ivgwY †hgb C‡ì Pvb \Õ

5. Ôgv‡qi Kv›`‡b Kv‡›` e‡bi cï cvwL‡ijvMj cy‡Îi †kvK KwjRvq‡i \Õ

†Zgwb Ave yj jwZd wjL‡jb: 1. ÔG evsjv evsjv Avgvi evi fyBqvi evsjv‡i,

G evsjv evsjv Avgvi Ckv Lv‡bi evsjv‡i,G evsjv kxZvjvs kvn&iG evsjv wkivR kvn&i

G evsjv MMb, g`b, nvmb ivRvi, jvjvb kvn&i evsjv‡i \ G evsjvq R‡b¥wQj wmsncyiæl nvRvi jÿ †bZvi †bZv¯^vaxb evsjv ZvnviB `vb A¯^xKvi Kwi‡e †KÕZv

G evsjvi bqbgwYK‡É hvi eRªaŸwb,

†m n‡jv mevi wgZv RvwZi wcZv, e½eÜy †kL gywRei ingvb†kL gywRei ingvb \Õ

2. Avq †i hv`y, †`L †i hv`y,†kvb‡i †Kgb gaygq, †QBjv gvBqv †Rvqvb eyovGKwU K_vq KqÑ............

wPbv jI fvB hv`yKi,bvg n‡jv hvi †kL gywRei

I hvi, bv‡gi ¸‡Y Auvavi cyixGK cj‡K D¾¡j nq \Õ

3. ÔI iwng fvB, I Kwig fvB, I hv`y fvB, I gay fvBÑ `yt‡Li `Biv nBev hw` cvi, †`L, e½eÜz †kL gywRei nvBj aBiv eB‡Q †bŠKvi \Õ

4. ÔRv‡Mv Rv‡Mv Rv‡Mv‡i evOvjx fvBAvi KZKvj _vKwe Ny‡g

†`L‡i †P‡q wbwk bvB \.............wZZzgx‡ii evsjv G †h †k‡i evsjvi evsjv GB†kL gywR‡ei evsjv G †h m~h©‡m‡bi evsjv GB;GB evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥ Avgvi †mB Mi‡e eyK dzjvB\Õ

†iRvDj Kwig †PŠayix wjL‡jb:ÔmvZ †KvwU †gviv K‡iwQ A½xKvicÖwZKvi bq cÖwZ‡kva, cÖwZ‡kvacÖwZ‡kva †be Gevwi|..............Avgv‡ì †bZv †kL gywRei w`‡q‡Q †h gš¿wePz¨Z n‡ev bv †gviv gvb‡ev bv †Kvb lohš¿|Õ

A_evÔI‡i Avgvi gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡qiv‡icÖv‡Y gvBiv Pj cvK nvbv`vi‡K|...............†kL gywRei ZvB‡Zv Gevi ûKzg w`qv‡QcÖv‡Y gvBiv Pj cvK nvbv`vi‡K \

†kL gywRei †bZv Avgvi†kL gywRei ivRv evsjvi†kL gywRei wcÖq †h mevi|I‡i †kL gywR‡ei QvqvZ‡j

nvm‡Q evsjv‡`khy× hLb ïiæ nB‡Qn‡e ZviB †kl,mvZ †KvwU ev½vjx ZvB †h A¯¿ aBiv‡QcÖv‡Y gvBiv Pj cvK nvbv`vi‡K \Õev,

ÔAvgiv AMwYZ gyw³‡mbvAv‡cv‡li †Kvb K_v gvwb bv..... Avgiv †R‡MwQ gywR‡ei Wv‡K†R‡M‡Q evsjv‡`kA¯¿ a‡iwQ myKwVb nv‡ZkÎæi Ki‡ev †klAvgiv g„Zzï fq Rvwb bv \Õ

gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb iPbv Ki‡jb:ÔmsMÖvg AvR ïay msMÖvg

evsjvi N‡i N‡i msMÖvgmsMÖv‡g †mv”Pvi evsjvgywR‡ei evsjvq AvR †Kvb K_v bqmsMÖvg AvR ïay msMÖvg \Õ

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eyK Zvi evsjv‡`k†R‡j ew›` _vKv Ae¯’vqI e½eÜz mvwnZ¨ co‡Zb, cwÎKv co‡Zb|LywUbvwU me Lei ivL‡jI Zvi g~j Lei wQ‡jv wb‡Ri `j gv‡b AvIqvgxjx‡Mi †bZvKg©x‡ì †LvuR-Lei ivLv| mve©¶wbK G KvRUv wZwb Ki‡Zb|GQvovI †Kvb Bmy¨‡Z Zvi `j Kx ai‡bi msMÖvg Ki‡jv, wgRvb †PŠayix Kxwee„wZ w`‡jv †m wel‡h Zvi gZvgZI wZwb wj‡L ivL‡Zb Zvi Wvqix‡Z|GQvovI MY‡bZv wnmv‡e †R‡ji †fZ‡ii me Acivax ev K‡q`x meevOvjxi mšÍvb wZwb GgbB fve‡Zb| ZvB Kv‡K †Kv_vq ivLv nj,Lvev‡ii, gkvwii eë¯’v Kiv, Avevi KvD‡K Kó w`‡j cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb|†eMg gywRe †R‡ji †fZ‡i Lvevi cvVv‡j †mUv wQ‡jv Drm‡ei welq| †mLvevi mevB‡K w`‡q Zvici wZwb †L‡Zb| wb‡Ri kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv,Lvev‡ii Kó, Ny‡gi Kó, evev-gvmn mšÍvb‡ì wPšÍv, Avw_©K msKU ZviciIwZwb wQ‡jb mevi AvkÖq¯’j, †hb eUe…¶| me gvbyl‡K wZwb ey‡K avibKi‡Zb| wKš‘ Pxbcš’x b¨vc †bZv gwkqyi ingvb Qq `dv‡Kwew”QbœZvev‡ì m‡½ Zyjbv K‡i‡Qb, Gi Rev‡e e½eÜz †¶v‡fi m‡½wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒRbMY Rv‡b GB `jwUi wKQy msL¨K †bZv wKfv‡e †KŠk‡j AvBqyemiKv‡ii AcKg©‡K mg_©b Ki‡Q| Avevi wb‡R‡ì we‡ivax `j wn‡m‡e`vwe K‡i Giv RbMY‡K †avuKv w`‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| Giv wb‡R‡ì Pxbcš’xe‡jI _v‡Kb| GKRb GK‡`‡ki bvMwiK †Kgb K‡i Ab¨ †`kcš’x,cÖMwZev`x nq?Ó

nvRvi nvRvi AvIqvgx jxM †bZvKg©x †MÖßv‡ii cvkvcvwk Mf©bi†gvbv‡qg Lvb MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZvI niY K‡ib| 1966 mv‡ji 5 Rybe½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒGUv ¶gZv `L‡ji msMÖvg bq, RbMY‡K †kvl‡Yi nvZ †_‡KevuPvevi Rb¨ msMÖvg|Ó

1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb wb‡q e½eÜzi D‡ØM-DrKÉv Kg wQj bv, GKBm‡½ G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Ici Av¯’v I wek¦vm wQj mxgvnxb| GB mxgvnxbwek¦vm wb‡q wZwb Qy‡U P‡j‡Qb `ywb©evi| 7 Ryb evOvwji BwZnv‡m GKwUDR¡j w`b wn‡m‡e ev evOvwji msMÖv‡gi gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e `vuwo‡q Av‡Q|AvBqye-†gvbv‡qg P‡µi i³P¶z D‡c¶v K‡i Avcvgi RbZv Gw`bivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡m| bwRiwenxb niZvj cvjb K‡i| †m Lei †RjLvbvqe‡m cwÎKvq c‡o e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒmKv‡j Nyg †_‡K DVjvg| wK nq AvR? Avãyj †gvbv‡qg Lvb†hfv‡e K_v ej‡Qb Zv‡Z g‡b nq wKQy GKUv NU‡e AvR| KvivMv‡ii`y‡f©`¨ cÖvPxi †f` K‡i Lei Avm‡jv †`vKvb-cvU, Mvwo, evm, wi·v meeÜ| kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e niZvj Pj‡Q|Ó wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ kvwšÍc~Y© _vK‡Z †Ìqvnqwb| AkvwšÍ m…wó K‡i‡Q, hv‡ì kvwšÍi¶vi `vwqZ¡ wQj miKv‡iiAvBbk…•Ljv evwnbx| wUqvi M¨vm, jvwV PvR© K‡i ¶všÍ nqwb; ¸wj K‡imiKvwi wnmv‡e 10 Rb‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| †MÖßvi K‡i‡Q AMwYZ| e½eÜzwj‡L‡Qb:

Ò¸wj I g„Zyï Lei †c‡q gbUv Lye Lvivc n‡q †M‡Q| A‡bK ivZn‡q †Mj, Nyg †Zv Av‡m bv| bvbv wPšÍv G‡m c‡o| G GK gnvwec`, eB

cwo, KvMR DëvB, wKš‘ Zv‡Zgb e‡m bv|Ó

e½eeÜz †R‡j _vK‡ZB wZwb†h msMÖv‡gi exR ecb K‡i‡QbZv w`b w`b cwicyó nw”Q‡jv|evOvwj 6 `dvi `vwe‡Z †KvbAvc‡m AvmwQ‡jv bv| jvwV, ¸wjwUqvi M¨vm w`‡q evOvjw‡K †ivaKiv hvw”Q‡jv bv| w`b h‡Zvhvw”Q‡jv miKvi Z‡ZvBAvZswKZ nw”Q‡jv| †h Kvi‡b13 Ryb Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ 9,330Rb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©x‡Kew›` Kiv nq| Gi c~‡e© AvIqvgxjx‡Mi cÖvq 3,500 †bZvKg©x†MÖßvi Kiv nq 10 †gi g‡a¨|miKvwi Pigcš’vi Ask wn‡m‡e15 Ryb ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvim¤úv`K Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbKwgqv‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq| c‡iiw`b 16 Ryb B‡ËdvK wbwl× GescvwK¯Ívb †`ki¶v AvBb e‡jÔwbD‡bkb †cÖmÕ ev‡Rqvß K‡imiKvi| G cÖm‡½ e½eÜzwj‡L‡Qb:

ÔgvwbK fvB‡K †hLv‡b†i‡L‡Q, †mLvb †_‡K Lei AvbvLyeB KóKi| GZ eo AvNvZ†cjvg Zv Kíbv Ki‡Z †eva nqA‡b‡KB cvi‡e bv| cÖ_g †_‡KBGB KvM‡Ri (B‡ËdvK) mv‡_Avwg RwoZ wQjvg|Õ

miKv‡ii Ryjg-wbh©vZbh‡ZvB ZxeªZi nw”Q‡jv kswKZmiKvi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi g‡a¨ Ø›Ø,†Kv›`j I fvO‡bi lohš¿ K‡i|miKv‡ii GB nxb †Póv‡K wfbœ iƒc w`‡Z Qq `dvi Av‡›`vj‡bi weKíwn‡m‡e we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `jmg~‡ni mgš^‡q me©`jxq HK¨ M‡o †Zvjvi†Póv nq| GB iKg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb MwVZ nq|

e½eÜz †R‡j e‡mB Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Qq `dvi Av‡›`vjb bmvrKivi Rb¨B Gme Av‡qvRb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb:

Ô6 `dvi Rb¨ †R‡j G‡mwQ, †ei n‡q 6 `dvi Av‡›`vjbB Kie| hvivi³ w`‡q‡Q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gyw³mb` 6 `dvi Rb¨, hviv †Rj †L‡U‡Q ILvU‡Q Zv‡ì i‡³i mv‡_ wek¦vm NvZKZv Ki‡Z Avwg cvie bv|Õ

1968 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz‡K †K›`Öxq KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³†Ìqv n‡jI KvivMv‡ii dUK †_‡KB †mbvevwnbx Zv‡K Avevi †MÖßviK‡i| Kzwg©‡Uvjv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U cvÄve †iwR‡g‡›Ui Awdmvm© †g‡mi 10 bsK‡¶ Zvu‡K ew›` Kiv nq| Ôivóª ebvg †kL gywReyi ingvb I Ab¨vb¨Õgvgjvi GK b¤î Avmvwg wn‡m‡e e½eÜz‡K wePv‡ii gy‡LvgywL Kiv nq|GgbwK ew›` Ae¯’vq Zvu‡K nZ¨vi lohš¿ nq| †`ke¨vcx QvÎ-RbZviMYAfÿÌv‡b eva¨ n‡q †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb 1969 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvwie½eÜz‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ †`b| hwÌ gvgjv PjvKvjxb UªvBey¨bv‡j †ÌqvRevbw›`‡Z e½eÜz wb‡R‡K wb‡`©vl `vwe K‡i †j‡Lb:

ÔAvwg c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ| Avwg AwbqgZvwš¿KivRbxwZ‡Z Av¯’vkxj bB| Avwg KL‡bv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K cwðg cvwK¯ÍvbnB‡Z wew”Qbœ Kwievi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv wKQy Kwi bvB wKsev †Kv‡bvw`bI GBD‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’j, †bŠ ev wegvbevwnbxi †Kv‡bv Kg©Pvixi ms¯ú‡k© †Kv‡bvlohš¿g~jK Kv‡h© AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kwi bvB|Õ

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv †_‡K e½eÜzmn Ab¨vb¨ me Awfhy³ e¨w³wb‡R‡ì wb‡`©vl `vwe K‡ib| wewfbœ M‡elYv Ges ¯§„wZK_v †_‡K Rvbv hvq†h, e½eÜz g~jZ †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Awf‡hvM A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb|

K‡Y©j kIKZ Avjx Zvui ÔmZ¨gvgjv AvMviZjvÕ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb:ÔAwfhy³‡ì m‡½ e‡mAwf‡hvMbvgv ïb‡Z ïb‡Z AvwgwbwðZ n‡qwQjvg, e½eÜz Avgv‡ìmvwe©K cwiKíbvi m‡½ Mfxifv‡eRwoZ wQ‡jb Ges mk¯¿ cš’vqevsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb KivicwiKíbvq wZwb m¤§wZw`‡qwQ‡jb|Õ

evsjvi gvby‡li eûKv‡ji ¯cœ¯vaxbZv| GB ¯vaxbZv‡K mvg‡b†i‡L wZwb G‡Ki ci GK msMÖvgK‡i †M‡Qb| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i GBf‚L‡Ûi gvby‡li ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨wZwb †Kv‡bv cš’vB ev` †`bwb|evev-gv, cyÎ-Kb¨vi fvjevmvwemR©b w`‡q‡Qb, Rxe‡bi SzuwKwb‡q‡Qb| jovB msMÖvg K‡iRbMb Zvu‡K AvBqy†ei KvivMvi†_‡K gy³ K‡i Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡ZAwfwl³ K‡i‡Q| †mB e½eÜzevOvwji AhyZ eQ‡ii †bZv GK_vAb¯xKvh©|

wbie †m‡ji A›`‡ie½eÜz KvivšÍiv‡j| Zey kvmKPµwbN©yg| Kvib e½eÜz RbZvi ¯^‡cœAv‡jvi †h we”QziY wgwkÖZK‡iwQ‡jb Zv †QvULv‡Uv welqbq| gyw³cvMj gvbyl wbZ¨ bZzbNUbvi Rš§ w`‡Z _v‡K| †gvbv‡qgLv‡bi Mv‡qi Svj Zv‡ZI†g‡Uwb| †R‡j e½eÜz‡KAvBbvbyM myweav †_‡K ewÂZK‡i| Zv‡K K‡Zv †ewk Kó †`qv

hvq Zvi AwjwLZ wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb Mf©bi| †h Kvi‡Y e½eÜz‡K †RjAvBb f½ K‡i Solitary Confinement -G ivLv nq| K‡VvibRi`vwii g‡a¨ ivLv nq Zvu‡K| †KŠZyK K‡i wj‡L‡Qb:

ÔAvgvi Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q, Ôc`©vbwmb RvbvbvÕi g‡Zv †KD Avgv‡K†`L‡ZI cvi‡e bv, AvwgI KvD‡K †`L‡Z cvie bv| †KD K_v ej‡Zcvi‡e bv, AvwgI cvie bv|Õ

e½eÜz‡K †h K‡¶ ivLv n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY w`‡j †h †Kvb gvbweKZvnvi gvb‡e| RbM‡bi GB Awemsevw`Z †bZv‡K †R‡j Ggbfv‡e ivLvn‡qwQ‡jv hv‡Z wZwb cvMj n‡q hvb ev gviv hvb| Zvi Av‡MAvIqvgxjx‡Mi GK †bZv‡K Ggb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv, †h wZwb cvMj n‡qg„ZyëiY K‡ib|

e½eÜz‡K †h †m‡j ivLv n‡qwQ‡jv Zvi-`w¶‡Y 14 dzU DuPz †Ìqvj,DËi w`‡K 40 †mj, †hLv‡b cvMj‡ì ivLv n‡q‡Q| c~e© w`‡K 15 dzU†Ìqvj I bZyb 20 Ges cwð‡g _v‡K GK †divix Avmvwg, Qq †mj ImvZ †mj| Gfv‡e w`‡bi ci w`b, gv‡mi ci gvm GKvKx ew›` Rxe‡bA‡b‡Ki c‡¶ kvixwiK-gvbwmK my¯’Zv A¶zbœ ivLv m¤¢e n‡e bv| cÖvq wZbeQi GK `ytmn wbh©vZb †fv‡Mi ci ¯^vfvweK Rxe‡b wd‡i Av‡mb| cÖejgvbwmK kw³i †Rv‡i Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb:

ÔhZB K‡ói wfZi Avgv‡K ivLyK bv †Kb, `ytL Avwg cve bv| Givg‡b K‡i‡Q eÜz kvgmyj nK‡K (c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖ_g mvaviYm¤úv`K) †R‡j w`‡q †hgb cvMj K‡i †d‡jwQj| Avgv‡KI GKjv GKjv†R‡j †i‡L cvMj K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡e| Avgv‡K hviv cvMj Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡ìwb‡R‡ìB cvMj n‡q hvevi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q|Õ

FY-mvnv‡hï bv‡g Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«icÖfveejq we¯Ív‡ii cÖ‡Póv m¤ú‡K© e½eÜz AZ¨šÍ mRvM wQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívb-

37

wbix¶v

fviZ hy‡×i ci gvwK©b mvnvh¨ †bIqvi Am¤§vbRbK cÖwµqvq wZwb AZ¨šÍgg©vnZ n‡q wj‡L‡Qb:

Ôwb‡Ri †`k‡K GZ †nq K‡i †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxb †`‡ki miKvi Giƒcfv‡emvnvh¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ïay miKvi‡K Avcgvb K‡i bvB, †`‡kiRbMY I †`k‡KI Acgvb K‡i‡Q| wf¶z‡Ki †Kv‡bv m¤§vb bvB|Õ

wZwb eis †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi m‡½ m¤úK© cÖwZôvi c¶cvwZ wQ‡jb|RbM‡Yi ¯^v‡_© mgvRZš¿ Kv‡q‡gi c‡¶ gZ w`‡q‡Qb| †Nvovkvj we`y¨r†K‡›`Öi Rb¨ †mvwf‡qZ mnvqZvq D”Q¡vwmZ n‡q e‡j‡Qb: Ôiæk IcvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡ Kv‡qg nDK GUvB AvR mvaviY gvby‡li Kvgbv|Õ

Z‡e Px‡bi f‚wgKv wb‡q wZwb Amš‘ô wQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ív‡biwcwKscš’x‡ì AvBqy‡ei `vjvwj Ges cyuwRev‡ì mg_©K †Rbv‡ij AvBqy‡eicÖwZ Px‡bi cÖavbgš¿x †PŠ Gb jvB‡qi mg_©b Zuv‡K mš‘ó K‡i‡Q| 1966mv‡ji 29 Ryb Px‡bi cÖavbgš¿xi ivIqvjwcwÛ mdi Dcj‡¶ e½eÜz Px‡bibxwZi †Lvjv‡gjv mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb:

ÔAvcbviÕ RbM‡Yi gyw³‡Z wek¦vm K‡ib, Avi †h miKvi (AvBqyemiKvi) RbM‡Yi AwaKvi †K‡o wb‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì mvwU©wd‡KU †ÌqvAvcbv‡ì DwPZ bv| G‡Z Ab¨ †`‡ki wfZ‡ii e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡¶c Kiv nq|GB e¨vcv‡i Av‡gwiKvb mvgªvRëv` I Avcbv‡ì c_ GK bv nIqvBDwPZ|Õ

ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi Avcb gvi †c‡Ui fvBÕ†ivRbvgPv co‡Z wM‡q cvVK e½eÜzi gvwR©Z im‡ev‡ai cwiPq cvb|my‡hvM †c‡jB wZwb e¨½, we`ªƒcvZ¥K gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| B‡›`v‡bwkqv IcvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆ¯îkvmK‡ì g‡a¨ mvhyR¨ j¶ K‡i e½eÜz ÔB‡›`v‡bwkqv‡KcvwK¯Ív‡bi Avcb gv‡qi †c‡Ui fvBÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| cvwK¯ÍvbmiKvi B‡›`v‡bwkqv‡K 14 †KvwU UvKv FY`v‡bi †NvlYv w`‡j e½eÜz e¨½K‡i wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒGfv‡eB Avgiv Bmjv‡gi †L`gZ KiwQ| KviY bv †L‡q Ab¨‡KLvIqv‡bv †Zv Bmjv‡gi ûKzg| `qvi gb Avgv‡ì! Ggb †cÖg-fvjevmvB†Zv Avgv‡ì bxwZ nIqv DwPZ! Kvco hw` KviI bv _v‡K Zv‡K KvcoLvbvLy‡j w`‡q iv¯Ív w`‡q †nu‡U evwo P‡j Avmev| Avgv‡ì miKv‡ii Ae¯’vIZvB|Ó

ÔAvgv‡K †`L‡Z Avq, Avwg Avi †ewk w`b evuPe bvÕe½eÜzi gv mv‡qiv LvZyb Lyjbv †_‡K †Q‡j‡K †dv‡b Rvbv‡jb: ÔZyB

Avgv‡K †`L‡Z Avq, Avwg Avi †ewkw`b evuPe bv|Õgv‡qi AvKzj Avnev‡b †KD wK mvov bv w`‡q cv‡i? e½eÜz evev-gv

`yR‡biB AwZ Av`‡ii Ô†LvKvÕ| evev-gv‡K mevB kÖ×v K‡i| wKš‘ e½eÜz†h evev-gv‡qi †LvKv Zv‡ì fvM¨ K‡ZvUv mycÖmbœ Zv e½eÜz kÖ×v- fw³iga¨ w`‡q wew¤^Z nq| e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒAvwg Rvwb bv Avgvi g‡Zv GZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Q‡j †c‡q‡Q wK bv!Avgvi K_v ej‡Z Avgvi AveŸv AÜ| Avgviv Qq fvB‡evb| mK‡jGKw`‡K, Avwg GKw`‡K| †Lv`v Avgv‡K h‡_ó mn¨kw³ w`‡q‡Q, wKš‘

Avgvi AveŸv-gvi Amy¯’Zvi K_v ïb‡j Avwg cvMj n‡q hvB, wKQyB fv‡jvjv‡M bv| †L‡ZI cvwi bv, Nygv‡ZI cvwi bv, Zvici Avevi KvivMv‡iew›`|Ó

e½eÜz-10e½eÜz Zvui †¯œngqx gv‡K K_v w`‡qwQ‡jb 1966 mv‡ji 13 †g MÖv‡gievwo‡Z hv‡eb| wKš‘ 8 †g Zvu‡K †MÖßvi K‡i cvwK¯Ívb miKvi| gv‡qiAmy¯’Zvi msev` e½eÜz‡K fxlY e¨vKzj K‡i †Zv‡j| gvZ…f‚wgi Wv‡K 6`dvi Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z wM‡q Rš§`vÎx gv‡qi Wv‡K mvov w`‡Zcv‡ibwb|

ÔAveŸv evwj PjÕe½eÜzi Kviv-Rxe‡bi evB‡iI wZwb †h GKRb †¯œngq wcZv Zv†ivRbvgPvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bB cwie¨vß nq| kvixwiK, gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡b K‡óiwkKvi A_ev Acgvb, Ae‡njvi g‡aÏ e½eÜzi ew›` _vKvKvjxb Ae¯’vqIZvui msmvi, mšÍvb, mnawg©bxi cÖwZ LyeB hZœkxj, kÖ×vkxj wQ‡jb| e½eÜziAvZ¥Rxebx Ges †ivRbvgPv cÖKv‡ki c~‡e© AÜKv‡iB wQj †mB BwZnvm|†R‡ji g‡a¨ _vKvKv‡j we`~lx dwRjvZz‡bœQv gywRe †`Lv Ki‡Z Avm‡Zb|K‡Zv kZ K_v n‡Zv wek¦‡bZv e½eÜzi wcÖq cZœx †ibyi m‡½- †h K_v wZwb

A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb Ki‡Zb| †R‡j gv‡qi m‡½ †h‡Zb `yeQ‡ii †QvÆ wkïiv‡mjI| evev‡K Kv‡Q cvIqv, m‡e©vcwi wcZ…‡mœn †K bv †ev‡S? iv‡m‡jAùyU K‡É ZvB `vwe †Zv‡j: ÒAveŸv evwj (evwo) Pj|Ó

e½eÜz Zvui Av`‡ii mšÍvb‡K Kx DËi †`‡eb †f‡e cvb bv| wZwbwj‡L‡Qb:

Ô`ytL Avgvi †j‡M‡Q| kZ n‡jI Avwg †Zv gvbyl Avi Ii Rš§`vZv|Ab¨ †Q‡j‡g‡qiv eyS‡Z wk‡L‡Q| wKš‘ iv‡mj GLbI eyS‡Z wk‡L bvB|ZvB gv‡S gv‡S Avgv‡K wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq evwo‡Z|Õ

Avw_©K msKUwek¦‡bZv e½eÜz †R‡j _vKv Ae¯’vq e½eÜzi cwievi‡K bvbv mg‡q Avw_©KmsK‡U co‡Z n‡q‡Q| GK_v AvR †h Kv‡iv wek¦vm Ki‡Z Kó n‡e †he½eÜzi g‡Zv †bZv Avw_©K K‡ó †fv‡Mb| AvR‡Ki ev¯ÍeZvq GUv‡KiƒcK_v g‡b n‡e| ZviciI G K_vB mwZ¨| mg¯Í msK‡U fimv wQj wcZv†kL jyrdi ingvb Avi mnawg©bx †kL dwRjvZy‡bœQv| cvwievwiK e¨qn«v‡mi Rb¨ †eMg gywRe ej‡jb: Ôhw` †ewk Amyweav nq wb‡Ri evwo fvovw`‡q †QvU evwo GKUv fvov K‡i wbe|Õ

e½eÜz Avk¦vm w`‡Z wM‡q ej‡jb: ÔcvwievwiK m¤ú‡ì Avq †_‡Kmsmvi P‡j hv‡e|Õ

†eMg gywRe my¯úófv‡e ej‡jb: ÔwPšÍv †Zvgvi Ki‡Z n‡e bv|Õev¯Í‡e e½eÜz nv‡o g¾vq ivRbxwZwe`| Av‡›`vjb, msMÖvg, RbMY,

†`k Qvov Zvui Avi †Kvb RMr wQ‡jv bv| GUv m¤¢e n‡qwQ‡jv dwRjvZz‡bœQv

38

e½eÜz‡K †h †m‡j ivLv n‡qwQ‡jv Zvi-`w¶‡Y 14 dzU DuPz †Ìqvj,DËi w`‡K 40 †mj, †hLv‡b cvMj‡ì ivLv n‡q‡Q| c~e© w`‡K 15dzU †Ìqvj I bZyb 20 Ges cwð‡g _v‡K GK †divix Avmvwg, Qq†mj I mvZ †mj| Gfv‡e w`‡bi ci w`b, gv‡mi ci gvm GKvKxew›` Rxe‡b A‡b‡Ki c‡¶ kvixwiK-gvbwmK my ’Zv A¶zbœ ivLv m¤¢en‡e bv| cÖvq wZb eQi GK ytmn wbh©vZb †fv‡Mi ci ¯^vfvweKRxe‡b wd‡i Av‡mb|

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gywR‡ei g‡Zv GK we`~lx bvixi Kvi‡b| e½eÜz Zvui ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕI ÔKvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPvÕ MÖš’Ø‡q AMwYZ ¯’v‡b Zvui mnawg©bxi cÖwZ Mfxifvjevmv, Av¯’v, wek¦vm I cig wbf©iZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb AKzÉwP‡Ë †eMg gywR‡ei âh¨©, Z¨vM I Ae`v‡bi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb| cÖvq 40eQ‡ii `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b †eMg gywRe fvj‡e‡m Zvui ¯^vgxi msMÖvggyLi,SzuwKc~Y© Rxe‡b mw½ wQ‡jb| Z‡e †eMg gywRe memgq Zvui ¯^vgxi kvixwiKAe¯’v wb‡q `ywðšÍvq _vK‡Zb| †MvcvjMÄ _vbvq †eMg gywRe Zvui ¯^vgx‡KwKQy K_v e‡jwQ‡jb hv e½eÜz Zvui AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z wjwce× K‡i‡Qb:

Ô†iYy Avgv‡K hLb GKvKx †cj, ejj, Ô†R‡j _vK AvcwË bvB, Z‡e¯^v‡¯’ï w`‡K bRi †iL| †Zvgv‡K †`‡L Avgvi gb Lye Lvivc n‡q †M‡Q|†Zvgvi †evSv DwPZ Avgvi `ywbqvq †KD bvB| †QvU †ejvq evev-gv gviv†M‡Qb †Zvgvi wKQy n‡j evuPe Kx K‡i?Õ

e½eÜzi mnawg©bx †hgb Zvui Ici wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb Avevi e½eÜzI†eMg gywR‡ei Ici †Kv‡bv As‡k Kg wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb bv| ïay cvwievwiKRxeb bq e½eÜzi msMÖvgx ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b SzuwK I msKUKvjxb gyn~‡Z©wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î †eMg gywRe wbqvgK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb|

Ôeo †g‡qi weev‡ni cÖ¯ÍveÕe½eÜzi wZb cyÎ, `yB Kb¨vi g‡a¨ †K Zvui me‡P‡q †ewk wcÖq wQ‡jb ZvAvgiv ¯úófv‡e Rvwb bv| KviY e½eÜzi Ghver cÖKvwkZ †Kv‡bv iPbvq Gwel‡q †Kv‡bv Bw½Z †bB| AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z wZwb mšÍvb‡ì g‡a¨ m‡e‡P‡qAwaKevi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †kL nvwmbv m¤ú‡K©, Ab¨w`‡K †ivRbvgPvq me†P‡q †ewk D‡V G‡m‡Q iv‡mj cÖm½| iv‡mj wbZvšÍB wkï, Avì-Ave`vi†ewk _vKvUv ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e e½eÜzi cÖKvwkZ iPbv‡Z †R¨ô mšÍvb †kLnvwmbvi cÖwZ GKUz †ewk `ye©jZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

†kL nvwmbvi we‡q‡Z cÖ_‡g e½eÜz m¤§Z nbwb| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb weGcvm Kivi ci Kb¨vi we‡q †`‡eb| Z‡e †eMg gywR‡ei AvMÖ‡ni Kvi‡Y†kl ch©šÍ wZwb m¤§Z nb| wKš‘ Kb¨vI †eu‡K e‡mwQ‡jb `y‡Uv Kvi‡Y|cÖ_gZ, Zvui wcZv ZLb KvivMv‡i ew›`, wØZxqZ, we‡qi Av‡M weG cvmKi‡Z Pvb| †kl ch©šÍ Kb¨vi m¤§wZ Av`v‡qi `vq coj wcZvi Ici, wZwb†kL nvwmbv‡K ej‡jb:

Ôgv Avwg †R‡j AvwQ, KZw`b _vK‡Z n‡e, wKQyB wVK bvB| Z‡e g‡bnq mn‡R Avgv‡K Qvo‡e bv, KZ¸wj gvgjvI w`‡q‡Q, eëmv-evwYR¨ aŸsmn‡q P‡j‡Q| †Zvgv‡ì AveviI Kó n‡e| †Zvgvi gv hvnv e‡j ïwbI|Õ

Ôcwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Pvu` †`‡L‡Q, GLv‡b bvgvR co‡ZB n‡eÕGUv cvwK¯Ívwb †kvlY-Îvk‡bi bgybv| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKeM© †Kej fvlv,ms¯‹…wZ ev ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î evOvwj‡ì m‡½ êlg¨g~jK AviPY‡ZvK‡i‡QB, GgbwK ag© cvj‡bi †¶‡ÎI Rei`w¯Í K‡i‡Q| 1967 mv‡ji C`-Dj-wdZ‡ii NUbv| nVvr ivZ 10Uvq miKvi †NvlYv w`j, c‡ii w`b 12Rvbyqvwi mviv cvwK¯Ív‡b C` n‡e| hwÌ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kv_vI Pvu` †`Lvhvqwb| wmcvwn, †Rj Kg©Pvix Zviv †ivRv fvO‡Z ivwR nqwb| Zv‡ì b¨vh¨K_v:

ÔPvKwi K‡i e‡j bvgvRI miKv‡ii B”Qvq co‡e bvwK?Õ11 Rvbyqvwi †eMg gywRe mšÍvb‡ì wb‡q e½eÜzi m‡½ KvivMv‡i †`Lv

Ki‡Z hvb| mšÍvbiv †KD C‡ì Kvco †b‡e bv| KviY evev‡K KvivMv‡i†i‡L C‡ì Avb›` nq Kx K‡i? ZviciI wZwb †eMg gywRe‡K ej‡jbfv‡jvfv‡e C` D`hvc‡bi Rb¨, bv n‡j ev”Pv‡ì gb †QvU n‡q hv‡e|GLv‡b e½eÜz ïayB GKRb wcZv| †h Zvi mšÍvb‡ì C` Avb›` †_‡KewÂZ Ki‡Z Pvbbv| hv †nvK, C` cvj‡bi miKvwi †NvlYvq e½eÜzI ¶zän‡q wj‡L‡Qb:

Ôïbjvg cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b miKvwi †jvK Pvu` †`‡L‡Q| cwðgcvwK¯Ív‡b DbœwZ n‡j c~e© evsjvi DbœwZ nq! nvRvi gvBj `~‡i cwðgcvwK¯Ív‡b Pvu` †`‡L‡Q, GLv‡b bvgvR co‡ZB n‡e| Avgv‡ì (K‡qw`‡ì)Avevi bvgvR Kx! ZeyI bvgv‡R †Mjvg, KviY mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ †`Lv n‡e|Õ

ÔcvwL `yBUv †h Avgvi KZ eo eÜzÕe½eÜy †h K‡ZvUv cÖK…wZ wbmM© †cÖwgK wQ‡jb Zv e‡j †kl Kivi bq|KvivMv‡ii Pvi †`qv‡j ew›` Ae¯’vq e½eÜz wbm‡M©i weeiY w`‡q‡Qb ZvimvwnZ¨g~j¨ Kg bq| nƒ`q Qyu‡q hvq Zvi eb©bv| Zvi GKvKx‡Z¡i gv‡S GBcÖvK…wZK Aej¤^b †QvU welq bv| †ivRbvgPvq e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb cÖK…wZi

bvbv iƒ‡ci weeiY| Ny‡iwd‡i GK †Rvov njy` cvwLi Rb¨ Zvui e¨vKzjZviK_v wj‡L‡Qb|

G Qvov Po–B, KvK I KeyZi wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q| wZwb GKUv gyiwMcvj‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| gyiwMi nvUv, Pjv, LvIqvi wbLyuZ weeiY w`‡q‡Qb|GB gyiMxi †giæ`Ð †mvRv K‡i nvuUvi g‡a¨ wZwb evOvwji „p‡PZv Pwi‡ÎimÜvb K‡i‡Qb| Zvici GKw`b †mB gyiwMUv gviv hvq| gyiMxi g„Zz ‡ZwZwb wkïi b¨vq Kó †c‡q‡Qb| e½eÜz Zvi †m‡ji g‡a¨ my›ì GKwU dz‡jievMvb ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi cwiPh©v Ki‡Zb| wbR©b †m‡j e‡m ïb‡Zbn‡iKiK‡gi cvwL‡ì Mvb| Gme wKQyi ga¨ w`‡q Zvui cÖK…wZ †cÖg D¾¡jn‡q D‡V‡Q| 1958 mv‡j cÖ_g GK †Rvov nj‡` cvwL †`‡LwQ‡jb| AvUeQi c‡i Avevi nj‡` cvwL ywU‡K †`Lvi Zxeª evmbv wb‡q Zvui †PvL ywUMv‡Qi †fZ‡i Lyu‡R wd‡i‡Q †mB wcÖq cvwL ywU| Gi ga¨ w`‡q wbm‡M©i cÖwZZvi Acvi Uvb Zv‡K A‡bK gvbweK K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Zvi wcÖq GK‡Rvov njycvwLi wd‡i Avmvi e¨vKzjZv wb‡q e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

Ôeo e¨_v cve Iiv wd‡i bv Avm‡j| cvwL `yBUv †h Avgvi KZ eoeÜz hviv KvivMv‡i GKvKx ew›` _v‡Kb bvB Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb bv|Avgv‡K †Zv G‡Kev‡i GKjv †i‡L‡Q| MvQcvjv, nj‡` cvwL, PoB cvwLAvi KvKB †Zv Avgvi eÜz GB wbR©b cÖ‡Kv‡ô|Õ

ÔKjg †d‡j w`b| jvwV, †Qviv Pvjvb wkLybÕwek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡ì m¤^‡Ü Zvi †h avibv Zvi ga¨ w`‡q e½eÜzi`~i`„wói cwiPq †g‡j| eZ©gv‡b wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶K‡ì PwiÎ Avgv‡ìAvnZ K‡i,AvkvnZ K‡i, nZvk K‡i| Kvib e½eÜz GKw`b †h AvksKvK‡iwQ‡jb AvR‡K †m K_vB mwVK| e½eÜz wek¦we`¨vjq‡K ¯^vaxb wPšÍv IÁv‡bi †K›`Ö e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| †h Kvi‡Y gy³ wPšÍv I m„RbkxjZvi Rb¨wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯^vqËkvmb‡K wZwb †ek ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Zb| XvKv I ivRkvnxwek¦we`¨vj‡q miKv‡ii AhvwPZ n¯Í‡¶‡c wZwb DwØMœ bv n‡q cv‡ibwb|wKš‘ wk¶KgÐjx cÖwZev` bv Kivq nZvk n‡q wj‡L‡Qb:

ÔKjg †d‡j w`b| jvwV, †Qviv Pvjvb wkLyb, Avi wKQy †Zj wKbybiv‡Z I w`‡b hLbB ìKvi n‡e wb‡q nvwRi n‡eb| †jLvcovi ìKvibvB| cÖ‡gvkb cv‡eb, Zvic‡i gš¿xI n‡Z cvi‡eb|Õ

¯^vaxbZvi ci e½eÜz 1973 mv‡j msm‡` AvBb K‡i wek¦we`¨vj‡qi¯^vqËkvmb wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb|

XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi wk¶K W. Gg Gb û`vi (gxR©vb~iæj û`v) cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i e½eÜz gš¿x nIqvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| W. û`v1965-69 mvj ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii A_© I cwiKíbvgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| gš¿x _vKvKvjxb wZwb 6 `dv I AvIqvgx jx‡MiZxe« mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| e½eÜz wj‡L‡Qb:

ÔGKRb wkw¶Z f`ª‡jvK, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb, nVvrGKR‡bi `qvq gš¿x n‡q ivRbxwZwe` nIqvi †Póv Ki‡Qb| gwš¿‡Z¡i †jv‡ff`ª‡jvK GZ wb‡P †b‡g wM‡q‡Qb †h GKUv `‡ji ev †jv‡Ki †`k‡cÖ‡giDci KUv¶ Ki‡ZI wØav‡eva Ki‡jb bv|Õ

D‡jøL¨ e½eÜzi wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci wePvicwZ mv‡qg Zvu‡KDc‡`óv, wRqvDi ingv‡bi mg‡q A_©gš¿x Ges wePvicwZ mvËvi Zvu‡K DcivóªcwZ wbhy³ K‡ib| e½eÜz Ges AvIqvgx jx‡Mi we‡ivaxZvi Ôcyi¯‹viÕW. û`v cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j Ges ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k h_vh_fv‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb!

ÔKvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPvÕ MÖ‡š’i Av‡jvPbv GB cwim‡i Kiv AZ¨šÍ`yiƒn| A‡bK ¸šÍZ¡c~Y© wel‡q e½eÜz Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| evOvwji¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi AZ¨šÍ ¸šÍZ¡c~Y© c‡e©i (1966-1969) w`bwjwc GBMÖš’| evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi GK Ag~j¨ `wjj| GB eB‡qi†jLvi MwZ Ges A‡bK ev¯ÍeZv Abyfe Ki‡j †PvL wf‡R hvq| GKRbgnvb †bZv, GKRb Av‡eMx ¯^vgx, GKRb wcZv, GKRb wbmM©we`,mvwnZ¨gbv e½eÜz‡K Avgiv GeB‡q †`L‡Z cvB| 17 eQ‡ii †Rj Rxe‡bi†h Z¨vM- ZxwZ¶vi BwZnvm Av‡Q GeB‡qi ci‡Z ci‡Z| GB †ivRbvgPvi A‡bK RvqMvq wZwb wb‡R‡K Av‡iv e‡ov K‡i †`Lv‡Z cvi‡Zb|wKš‘ ZLbKvi ivRbxwZwe`‡ì †h ivR‰bwZK `k©b Zv‡Z wg_¨vPvi,AmZZv wQ‡jv bv| †hUv knx`yjøvn Kvqmv‡ii ivRe›`xi †ivRbvgPvqI †`Lvhvq| GLbKvi ivRbxwZwe`‡ì G eB‡qi Øviv mZZv- wbôvi RvqMvUvAv‡iv †cv³ n‡e| DcKvi n‡e †`‡ki gvby‡li| †R‡M IVv evOvwji gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm Rvb‡Z G eBwUi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|

†jLK: mvsevw`K

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g~j : ievU© †cBb, Abyev` : Ievq`yj Kv‡`i

Kvi †kv‡K †h cvLcvLvwj e„ÿ P›`ª ZvivmÜ¨v mKvj gvZg K‡i Kuv‡` Uzw½cvovUzw½cvov Kuv‡` Avgvi Kuv‡` evsjvevmxÑ†Kvb †m `vbe Kvo‡jv Avgvi gv‡qi gy‡Li nvwm|

AvM÷ evOvwji †kv‡Ki gvm| evOvwji eyK dvUv gvZ‡g cÖwZ‡kv‡ai `ve`v‡n R¡‡j IVvi gvm|GB AvM‡÷i N„wYZ KvjivwÎ‡Z Avgiv nvwi‡qwQ Avgv‡`i cÖvYcyiæl RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kLgywReyi ingvb‡K|

cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i e½eÜz

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41

G hverKv‡j mvivwe‡k¦ A‡bK ivóªcÖavb‡KB AvZZvqxi nv‡Z cÖvYnviv‡Z n‡q‡Q ev Zv‡ì‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GKRbe½eÜz‡K nZ¨v gv‡b ïay GKRb ivóªcÖavb‡KB nZ¨v bq, evOvwji nvRvieQ‡ii Kvw•ÿZ ¯^cœmva, †MŠivevwš^Z Me©Mv_v nZ¨v Kiv| e½eÜz‡KnZ¨vi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì mKj Mwe©Z AR©b‡KI nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQjcuPvË‡ii gaÄvM÷ KvjivwÎ‡Z|

Avgv‡ì A‡bK Ávbx¸Yx e‡j _v‡Kb, RxweZ gywR‡ei †P‡q g„ZgywRe A‡bK †ewk kw³evb I †ZR`xß| Avi ZviB cÖwZdjb Avgiv†`L‡Z cvB Avgv‡ì cÖej cÖÁvevb ¸Yx‡ì gy³eyw×PP©vi Agi mvÿxeB‡qi gva¨‡g| gvbe BwZnv‡m G hver Kv‡j me‡P‡q †MŠivevwš^Z †hwelqwU‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i Avgiv kw³ I mvnm cvB Zv n‡jv eB|mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK mdjZv-e¨_©Zv I we‡k¦i eZ©gvb†cÖÿvc‡U ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq eB me‡P‡q†ewk †jLv n‡q‡Q †h gnvb gvbylwU‡K wb‡q wZwb evOvwj RvwZi `xN©gyw³msMÖv‡gi nvRvi eQ‡ii m~h©mšÍvb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|

AvR me‡P‡q Avb‡›ì K_v n‡jv GZ Aeÿq, cZ‡bi fq¼ixAuvavi mgMÖ RvwZ hLb nZvkvi KvjvwMœ`v‡n w`‡knviv ZL‡bv wKš‘ AvgivAvkvi Av‡jv †`L‡Z cvB GKwU wel‡qÑ †mwU n‡jv cÖwZeQiB AmsL¨MÖš’ iPbv n‡”Q Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †MŠieMv_v Ges RvwZi RbKe½eÜz‡K wb‡q| GgbwK AvšÍR©vwZK †ÿ‡Î evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxKe½eÜz‡K wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ cÖvgvY¨MÖš’|

weªwUk mvsevw`K ievU© †cBb GKvË‡ii gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb mgqcvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i e½eÜzi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q wbg©g Uª¨v‡RwWi MíMv_vLye `ÿZvi mv‡_ Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb Zvi `¨ UP©viW A¨vÛ `¨ †WgbW (TheTortured and The Damned) cÖvgvY¨ Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g| Bs‡iwRfvlvq GB Dcb¨vmwU cÖKv‡ki ci wecyj mvov RvwM‡qwQj| cieZ©xmg‡q GB MÖš’wU evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib mvaviY m¤úv`K I moK cwienbI †mZzgbš¿x ¿x Ievq`yj Kv‡ì|

G Dcb¨vmwU co‡j †evSv hv‡e evOvwj RvwZi gnvgvbe e½eÜz †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi `xN© Kviv Rxe‡bi exfrm eY©bv †h †Kv‡bv cvlvY ü`qAv‡eMvcøyZ bv n‡q cvi‡e bv| †h Dcb¨vmwUi cÖwZ cvZvq cvZvq AmsL¨NUbvi cÖvY¯úk©x kã cÖ‡qv‡M †h †Kv‡bv cvVK‡K GKvË‡ii gnvbgyw³hy‡× cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi iY‡ÿ‡Îi ee©‡ivwPZ Av‡µv‡ki K_v†hgb g‡b Kwi‡q †`‡e, wVK †Zgwbfv‡e Avgv‡ì RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi cÖwZ cvK-RvšÍv‡ì wnsmª Av‡µv‡k `ytmng‡bvhvZbvi wbg©g Kó KL‡bv g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| mKj AeY©bxq wPÎKíI†Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK RvšÍv GZ wbh©vZbwbcxo‡bi ciI wKš‘ †KvwU evOvwji cÖv‡Yi gvbylwU‡K duvwm‡Z †Svjv‡bvimvnm cvqwb A_P ¯^vaxbZvi mv‡o wZb eQ‡ii gv_vq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠgiv‡óªi wKQymsL¨K c_åó Kzjv½v‡ii nv‡Z mcwiev‡i cÖvY w`‡Z n‡qwQjme©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô evOvwj RvwZi RbK e½eÜz‡K|

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K‡i ivL‡Z Pvq|†h gnr gvbylwU gvwU I gvbyl‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m wb‡Ri Rxeb DrmM©

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†Uwej Pvc‡o ÿ¨vcv KzKz‡ii g‡Zv ZR©b-MR©b K‡i I‡Vb BqvwnqvLvb; Ôbv n‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ

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wbix¶v

ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i e½eÜzÕ Dcb¨vmwU c‡o Avgvi †Kb Rvwbevievi g‡b n‡q‡Q mKj †`k‡cÖwgK e½eÜzi f³‡ì GB MÖš’wUcov ìKvi| Avgvi Av‡iv g‡b n‡q‡Q, cvwK¯Ív‡bi †m mg‡qi†bZv fy‡Æv mv‡ne hw` 16 wW‡m¤î Avgv‡ì weRq AR©‡bi ci(e½eÜz ZL‡bv Rv‡bb bv Avgv‡ì weR‡qi msev`) e½eÜz‡KwgqvbIqvjx KvivMv‡ii ÿz ª Kb‡Wg †mj †_‡K ~‡i mwi‡q†Ìqvi wb‡`©k bv w`‡Zb Zv n‡j Avgiv nq‡Zv e½eÜz‡K GZmn‡R wd‡i †cZvg wKbv m‡›`n|

Av‡i nu¨v, K‡b©j Avgv‡K GKUv dvBj †`Lv‡Z nq †h, (ivRew›`)†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi dvBjUv eÇ ìKvi| Avgvi g‡b nq, Zuv‡K duvwm†Ìqvi Dchy³ mgq GLbB|

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w`‡bi ci w`b Mov‡Z jvMj| ce©Zgvjvq †Niv wgqvbIqvjxKvivMvi| cÖvqk wkjve„wó †b‡g AvmZ| a~mi †gN¸‡jv cvnv‡oi Mv‡q|Zzlvive„Ë cvnvo| ÿz`ª cÖ‡Kv‡ô cvZjv weeY© GKUv K¤^j gywo w`‡q ew›`gywR‡ei w`b KvUZ|

GKw`b cÖPÐ †e‡M †b‡g G‡jv So| mv‡_ A¯^vfvweK evwicvZ|AvKvkRy‡o Nb Nb we`y¨r PgKvw”Qj| eRªcv‡Zi fq¼i KvbdvUv MR©bPviw`‡K| `yÕ‡Uv G·‡cÖm †Uª‡bi gy‡LvgywL msN‡l©i weKU AvIqv‡Rig‡ZvB| †m‡j †b‡g Av‡m iv‡Zi g‡Zv Mvp AÜKvi| e„wói Rj evZv‡mav°v †L‡q Rvbvjv w`‡q AvQ‡o cowQj| KbK‡b VvÐvq ew›` gywRe†KuvKvw”Q‡jb| GKUv K¤^j ˆkZ¨ cÖwZ‡iv‡a †gv‡UB mnvqK wQj bv|†duvUv †duvUv e„wó G‡m ew›ì cÖ‡Kvô wfwR‡q w`‡Z D`¨Z|

eo eo e„wói †duvUv KuvUvi g‡Zv gywR‡ei gy‡L weua‡Z jvMj| nVvreRªcv‡Zi weKU GKwU kã| †hb Qv` †f‡O gv_vi Ici co‡Q| K‡qKMR `~‡i ZZÿ‡Y GKUv `vjv‡b Av¸b a‡i †M‡Q| †mj †_‡K †jvKR‡bicÖvYf‡q Aw¯’i †QvUvQywUi kã †kvbv hvw”Qj| †kL gywReyi ingvb ÿz`ªRvbvjvi cv‡k †njvb w`‡q evB‡ii †gRvRÑ Lvivc AvenvIqv I AÜKviAvKv‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q| (cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 9-10)

c‡ii w`b `ycyi‡ejv| gywRe nVvr evB‡i ZvwK‡q †`L‡Z †c‡jbZuvi †m‡ji `k MR mvg‡b KuvUvZv‡ii †eov †Nu‡l KÕRb K‡qw` GKwUeo MZ© Lyuo‡Q| ew›` wKQyUv AevK n‡jb| ìKvi Kv‡Q G‡m fv‡jv K‡iZvwK‡q eyS‡jb GKUv Kei †Luvov n‡”Q| gywR‡ei ZLb GUvI ey‡Swb‡Z Amyweav n‡jv bv †h, IUv Zvi Rb¨B †iwW Kiv n‡”Q| m¤¢eZ `yÕ-GKw`‡bi g‡a¨B g„Zz¨`Ð Kvh©Ki n‡Z Pj‡Q| gywRe fve‡jb, nq‡ZvAvR wKsev Kvj Mfxi iv‡Z Iiv `‡j `‡j G‡m Zuv‡K eo MZ©wUi cv‡kwb‡q hv‡e| Zvici wbN©vZ ¸wj| cÖvYnxb i³v³ jvk| cuvP wgwb‡Uig‡a¨ †m‡ji mvg‡bi KeiUv gvwU fivU n‡q hv‡e| Gici †kL gywRebv‡g †Kv‡bv e¨w³i kvixwiK Aw¯Í‡Z¡i wPý ch©šÍ Avi Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡ebv|

GKRb cÖnix Zuvi †eªKdv÷ wb‡q G‡m Kv‡b Kv‡b ejj, KwZcqK‡qw` Avcbv‡K nZ¨vi lohš¿ K‡iwQj| †Rj KZ©„cÿ †Ui †c‡q KovcÖnivi eë¯’v K‡i‡Qb| Avcbvi wPšÍvi KviY †bB| ew›` wbiæËi| Mv‡W©iK_v Zuvi wek¦vm nqwb| KviY K‡qwìv †hLv‡b _v‡K †m NiUv‡Zv †mj†_‡K AšÍZ cuvPkÕ MR `~‡i| Zviv Kx K‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e? gywRewbwðZ n‡q †M‡jb K‡qK NÈvi g‡a¨B Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡e|

mg‡qi PvKv Ny‡i Nyi‡Z QvweŸ‡k wW‡m¤î| Mfxi ivZ| cÖPÐ kxZ|†mw`bI gvÎ GK K¤^j kxZ wbevi‡Yi m¤^j| †kL gywReyi ingvb fxlYKó cvw”Q‡jb| ivZfi GKUyI Nyg nqwb| mgq †K‡U‡Q †R‡M †R‡M,ï‡q-e‡m| nVvr Zuvi Kv‡b †f‡m G‡jv GKUv PjšÍ Mvwoi AvIqvR|Rvbvjv w`‡q ZvKv‡ZB jÿ Ki‡jb, GKUv UªvK Avm‡Q ax‡i ax‡i|Uªv‡Ki †nWjvB‡Ui †ZRx Av‡jv †m‡j Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| †Pv‡L fxlY jvM‡Q|UªvKUv †m‡ji mv‡_ jv‡Mvqv MvW© nvD‡mi mvg‡b G‡m ùvovj|

Iiv Zvn‡j G‡mB †Mj| †kL gywReyi ingvb g‡b g‡b cweÎ ag©MÖš’†KviAv‡bi AvqvZ co‡Z jvM‡jb| Zuvi Kv‡b evRj evB‡ii Qy‡UvQywUnuvKWvK, wdmwdmvwbi kã| nVvr Sb Sb K‡i †jŠnKcvU Ly‡j †Mj|PviRb ˆmb¨ †fZ‡i Xy‡K †kL‡K wN‡i ùvovj| ew›` weQvbvq e‡mˆmb¨‡ì MwZwewa jÿ Ki‡Qb| gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| †Pnvivq ¯^fve-myjf Mv¤¢xh©| †hb †h‡Kv‡bv `ytmsev‡ì R‡b¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z|Avðh© g‡bvej †kL gywR‡ei| wec‡ì Avk¼v K‡iI Aaxi nbwb| †f‡Oc‡obwb| mvg‡b G‡m ùvov‡jb †eu‡U-Lv‡Uv k¥kÖægwÐZ †Rj Mfb©i nvweeAvjx| gv_vq wgwjUvwi K¨vc| Mv‡q †iBb‡KvU Rov‡bv| nvwee Avjx ZvicwiwPZ KK©k ¯^‡i ej‡jb, †kL, Avcwb Avgv‡K wek¦vm Kiæb| AvcwbGLb wbivc` nv‡Z c‡o‡Qb| Avwg Avcbv‡K GKUv wbivc` Avkª‡q wb‡q†h‡Z G‡mwQ| †`Lyb †Lv`v eoB †g‡nievb|

ew›` bgª Mjvq ej‡jb, nu¨v wec‡` †Lv`vB mnvq|nvwee Lvb Kv‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡q wdmwdm K‡i ej‡jb, fq †bB|

Avcbv‡K Avgvi evwo wb‡q hve| Uªv‡K IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_B wKš‘ ï‡qco‡eb| †Kb Zv c‡i eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e †kL Avcwb wbwðZ _vKzbAvcbvi wKQyB n‡e bv| wbSzg iv‡Zi g‡ZvB †Rjfiv wSgywb|

(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 83-85)

Pj‡Z Pj‡Z gywRe fve‡jb; Iiv Zvn‡j GLbB Avgv‡K GBAÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ ¸wj K‡i †g‡i †dj‡e| wKš‘ GZme †K¬kKi eb¨cÖ¯‘wZi Kx cÖ‡qvRb wQj| IB †m‡ji mvg‡bi M‡Z©i cv‡k wb‡qI †Zv†Mvc‡b †g‡i †dj‡Z cviZ| GZ `~‡i wb‡q G‡jv †Kb? Avwg †Zv Avicvwj‡q hvw”Q bv| ˆkZ¨cÖev‡ni †Zv‡o gywRe _i _i K‡i KuvcwQ‡jb|

wKQyÿY ci gywRe jÿ Ki‡jb cvnv‡oi Mv †Nu‡lB my›ì GKLÐwbgœf~wg| myig¨ evs‡jvi mvg‡b mvRv‡bv evMvb| wcP Kiv GKUv ZKZ‡Kiv¯ÍvI †Pv‡L co‡Q| `yÕcv‡k mvwi mvwi MvQÑ †hb AmsL¨ e„ÿ‡ZviY|Kzqvkv‡fRv Mfxi iv‡Z ê`y¨wZK evwZ¸‡jv KiæY nvwm Qovw”Qj|

(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 87)

gywRe fve‡jb Zvi iæ‡g eywS Bqvwnqv Lvb Avm‡Qb|wKš‘ bv, a~mi i‡Oi myÜ, bxj UvB cwiwnZ Ab¨ GK †Pbv gvbyl Zvi

w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Qb| bvwP bvwP Q‡›`| gy‡L w¯§Z nvwm| †kL gywReyiingv‡bi mvg‡b RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv ùvwo‡q|

†kL gywReyi ingvb wKQyUv AevK n‡jb| Zey GKUz GwM‡q wM‡qfy‡Ævi AvMg‡bi mv‡_ †mŠRb¨g~jK mvq †hvMv‡jb| `xN© Kviv‡fv‡M†k‡Li kixiUv fxlY †f‡O c‡o‡Q| IVvemvqI Kó cvb, GKUz nuvU‡ZBnuvwc‡q hvb| fy‡Æv‡K †`‡L wZwb ¯^vfvweK webqfve cÖKvk Ki‡jI Zv‡ZAvšÍwiKZvi Dcw¯’wZ †bB| cwiwPZ kÎæ gy‡LvgywL n‡j †hgb wVK†ZgbB g‡bi Ae¯’v|

AvPgKv ew›ì w`‡K wd‡i M¤¢xi Mjvq fy‡Uv ej‡jb, Avwg GLbcvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U Ges cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK|

†kL gywReyi ingvb Gev‡i bv †n‡m cvi‡jb bv| fy‡Æv cvwK¯Ív‡bi†cÖwm‡W›U n‡q‡Qb GUv Zuvi Kv‡Q Ggwb‡Z †Kv‡bv Dcnvm-cwinv‡mie¨vcvi bq| GB gyn~‡Z© GgbwU nIqvi gv‡b mn‡RB gywR‡ei Kv‡Q †hUvcwinv‡mi e¨vcvi Zv n‡”Q fy‡Æv mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡wb‡q‡QbÑ hvi cwi®‹vi gv‡b Zvi Kv‡Q wgwjUvwi wW‡±Ui| wKš‘ fy‡Æv‡K†Zv †`L‡Z GKRb wePÿY, m¤ú`kvjx cÖv‡`wkK AvBbRxexi g‡ZvBg‡b nq|

fy‡Ævi cÖwZ gywR‡ei we¯§qfiv wRÁvmv; Avcwb Zvn‡j mvgwiKAvBb cÖkvmKI n‡q‡Qb? Zvi gv‡b GLv‡b GL‡bv GK bvqKZ‡š¿i `vcUPj‡Q|

fy‡Æv ej‡jb: bv wVK IiKg Kov bq| G‡Kev‡i ¯^vfvweK m`qcÖK…wZi|

Avcwb †`L‡eb †Kv‡bv cÖKvi nw¤^Zw¤^ ev evovevwo †bB|(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 94-95)

8 Rvbyqvwi evnvËi| ivIqvjwcwÛ wegvbe›ì| mgq ivZGMv‡ivUv| Gqvi‡cvU© ZLb eø¨vK AvDU| _g_‡g fve| wcAvBGÕi GKwUwe‡kl wegvb ivbI‡q‡Z ùvwo‡q|

cvBjU, ÷zqvW©, Gqvi‡nv‡÷m Aaxi A‡cÿvq †fZ‡i| hvi hviRvqMvq AÜKv‡i e‡m|

Gfv‡e NÈv wZ‡bK mgq Mwo‡q ivZ `yÕ‡Uv| ivbI‡qi cv`‡`‡kGKUv bxj evwZB †Kej GKv GKv AÜKv‡i wgwUwgwU R¡j‡Q| †MvUvwegvbe›ì GjvKv Kov wbivcËv †eóbx‡Z †Niv| Af¨šÍixY me d¬vBUKivwP AeZi‡Yi wb‡`©k †c‡q‡Q| Aciv‡ý Lvm †cÖwm‡W›U feb †_‡KRiæwi wb‡`©k G‡m‡Q, ivZ GMv‡ivUv †_‡KB we‡kl wegvbwU ivbI‡q‡Z†iwW n‡q _vK‡e| †MvcbxqZv iÿvi ZvwM` Avm‡Q Nb Nb| ˆmbïv hvihvi mxgvbvq Unj w`‡”Q| †PvL mRvM| Kvb Lvov|

†Kv‡bv Lei †Mvcb K‡i ivLvi g‡Zv kni bq ivIqvjwcwÛ| nvRvinvRvi †jvK †R‡b †M‡Q †h, ivbI‡q‡Z A‡cÿgvY wegvbwUi hvÎx †kLgywReyi ingvb| GUv AvR iv‡ZB D‡o hv‡e| GšÍvi ¸Re-¸Äb †mB

42

wbix¶v

we‡Kj †_‡KB ivIqvjwcwÛi evZv‡m †f‡m †eovq|(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 118)

cvwK¯Ív‡bi bqv †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Mvwoi eni mivmwi GKeviwegvbe›`‡ii Uvigv‡K wM‡q _vgj| mv‡_ mv‡_ ˆmbïv Av‡kcv‡kiwbivcËv e~¨n iPbv K‡i †d‡j| wbe©vK wb¯Íä A_P e¨¯Í Gqvi‡cvU©|fy‡Ævi †Pnviv cvsïeY©| gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| gywR‡ei g‡b ARvbvAvk¼v|

K‡qK MR `~‡iB wcAvBGÕi wegvbwU AvKv‡k Doevi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z|cvBjU ÷zqvW© mevB †iwW|

cÖ‡ekc‡_ ¯^vMZ fw½‡Z Gqvi‡nv‡÷m ùvwo‡q|gywRe wegv‡bi M¨vsI‡q †_‡K Uvigv‡K ùvov‡bv fy‡Ævi w`‡K

ZvKv‡jb| bxie webqm~PK nvZ bvo‡jb| fy‡ÆvI nvZ Zz‡j †kLgywReyi ingvb‡K we`vq gyn~‡Z© †mŠRb¨g~jK we`vq m¤¢vlY Rvbv‡jb|fy‡Ævi ¯^vMZ D”PviY : cvwL D‡o †Mj|

mgq mKvj 6Uv 36 wgwbU| 9B Rvbyqvwi †kL gywR‡ei enbKvixcvwK¯Ív‡bi wegvbwU Kzqvkvwm³ kxZvZ© †fv‡i wn_‡iv wegvbe›`‡iAeZiY Kij| cywjk cÖnivq GKUv †ivjmi‡qm Mvwo †kL gywReyiingvb‡K wb‡q †Mj K¬¨vwiR †nv‡U‡j| jwe‡Z wgwbU wZ‡bK emevic‡iB Zuv‡K wba©vwiZ my¨‡U wb‡q hvIqv n‡jv| big mv`v Kv‡c©U†kvwfZ iæg| ¯^v”Q›`¨gq Wej †eW| iƒcvwj evwU‡Z my›ì dzjmvRv‡bv| gvwR©Z iæwP, AvwfRvZ¨ I wejv‡mi Qvc iægRy‡o| mv`v†mvbvwj i‡Oi ìRvi mvg‡b `yÕRb ¯§vU© †jvK ùvwo‡q| Giv weªwUkwm‡µU mvwf©‡mi m`m¨|

(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 122-123)

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(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 124)

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mÜ¨vq †kL gywReyi ingvb jÛ‡bi 10bs WvDwbs w÷ª‡Ui myig¨ fe‡bweª‡U‡bi cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW© nx‡_i m‡½ GK AšÍi½ êV‡K wgwjZnb|

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(cv.Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 128)

10B Rvbyqvwi evnvËi! g‡nvrm‡ei Ggb g‡n›`ªÿY eywS AviKL‡bv Av‡mwb evOvwj Rxe‡b| GZ nvwm-Lywki †dvqvivq w`j‡LvjvGB mšÍiY AZx‡Z KL‡bv †KD †`‡Lwb GLv‡b| weR‡qi bvqKAvm‡Qb wd‡i, †`k‡bZv †`kevmxi gv‡S| Avb‡›` D”Q¡j XvKvÕq eB‡QRxe‡bi †Rvqvi, Iiv AvR cÖvYf‡i weR‡qi ¯^v` Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q|ü`‡qi me Av‡eM-AvKzwZ DRvo K‡i w`‡q Lywki †mªv‡Z †f‡mP‡j‡Q|

Kvj mvivivZ XvKvÕq KviI †Pv‡L Nyg wQj bv| wèv‡jv‡Kig‡ZvB nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq Avb›àŸwb Zz‡j‡Q|gyw³‡hv×viv duvKv¸wj AvKv‡k Qyu‡o XvKvÕi kxZj iv‡Zi wb¯ÍäZv†f‡O w`‡q‡Q Drme Avb‡›`|

(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 132)

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(cv. Kv. e½eÜz, c„. 135)Kvwnbxi BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e : kxZ kxZ cošÍ we‡K‡j m~h© A¯ÍvP‡j| †Mva~wj †k‡l XvKvi

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45

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Dc‡iv³ eY©bv †_‡K GUv my¯úó nq e½eÜzi cÖK…Z Bmjvg ag©wbôvGes gymjgvb‡ì cweÎ ag©MÖ‡š’i mvigg© Abyave‡bi Rb¨ Aviwe fvlvicvkvcvwk evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR fvlvqI Gi ZiRgv cvV Kivi welqwU|

5eB Ges cvVvf¨v‡mi cÖwZ e½eÜzi cÖej AvKl©Y m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq†RjLvbv †_‡K †jLv wPwV n‡ZI| 1951 mv‡ji 9 †m‡Þ¤î mvsevw`KZdv¾j †nv‡mb (gvwbK wgqv)-i Kv‡Q XvKv †K›`ªxq KvivMvi †_‡K GKwPwV‡Z e½eÜz wj‡L‡QbÑ

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GB wPwV‡Z ewY©Z eB cÖm‡½ W. †gvnv¤§` nvb&bvb wj‡L‡QbÑÔe½eÜzi ivR‰bwZK wPšÍv-†PZbvi GKUv e‡ov ai‡bi cU

cwieZ©‡bi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q GB wPwV‡Z| Avi Zv n‡jv, ÔbZzb Px‡bi wKQzeB cwÎKv hw` cvIqv hvq Z‡e Avgv‡K cvVv‡eb...Õ| GB wPwV †jLvigvÎ `yÕeQi Av‡M 1949 mv‡j Kg‡iW gvI †mZzs-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ Px‡bmgvRZvwš¿K wecøe msNwUZ n‡qwQj, ZiæY-hye ivRbxwZK gywRe‡KI†`LwQ Zv AvKl©Y K‡iwQj| G BwZnvmwU GLb ch©šÍ e½eÜzi BwZnv‡mAbvweZB i‡q †M‡Q| GB †cÖÿvc‡UB nq‡Zv 1954 mv‡j hy³d«‡›Ui gš¿xwn‡m‡e wZwb cÖ_g mdi ZvwjKvq Pxb‡KB AMÖvwaKvi w`‡qwQ‡jbÕ|16

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Aa¨vcK W. bxwjgv Beªvnx‡gi †jLv †_‡KI Rvb‡Z cvwi e½eÜzKZ©„K Zuvi (bxwjgv Beªvnxg) †jLv eB covi K_vI| AvMiZjv lohš¿gvgjv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi ci e½eÜzi m‡½ bxwjgv Beªvnxg †`Lv Ki‡Z†M‡j e½eÜz e‡jb, ÔAvcwb Avgvi AcwiwPZ bb| Avcbvi A‡bK eBAvwg †R‡j e‡m c‡owQÕ|18

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71970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wbi¼zk weR‡qi ci AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv e½eÜzn‡q I‡Vb evOvwj RvwZi †bZv| 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxb„ksmZv Pvjvq wbixn evOvwji Ici| e½eÜz 26 gvP© iv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| `xN© 9 gv‡mi mk¯¿ hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k kÎæ I`Lj`vi gy³ nq| e½eÜz wd‡i Av‡mb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯Ív‡biKvivMvi †_‡K| ÿZ-weÿZ, hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK-cÖkvmwbK-A_©‰bwZK-mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©KvÐ cybM©V‡bi `vwqZ¡ c‡o RvwZiwcZv e½eÜzi Ici| e½eÜz I gyw³hy× n‡q I‡V mKj †cÖiYv I Av`‡k©iDrm| Gi Qvc c‡o †jLK mgvR I eB‡qi Ici| cwiewZ©Z ivóªxqAe¯’vq evsjv‡`‡ki Rxeb-mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ-gyw³hy× wb‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡Z_v‡K AmsL¨ Mí-KweZv-Dcb¨vm-cÖe‡Üi eB| evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Pjw”PÎI cÖKvkbv Awa`ßi, Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi D‡`¨v‡McÖKvwkZ nq A‡bK eB|

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1972 mv‡j XvKvq AbywôZ nq AvšÍR©vwZK MÖš’el© Dcj‡ÿ mvZw`be¨vcx MÖš’ cÖ`k©bx| cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GB Dcj‡ÿGK evYx †`b| wZwb AvšÍR©vwZK MÖš’el© Drme I MÖš’ cÖ`k©bxi mvdj¨Kvgbv K‡ib| e½eÜz Zuvi evYx‡Z ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZKMÖš’el© cvjb Dcj‡ÿ Mfxi Avb›` cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Gi d‡jevsjv‡`‡ki RbMY we‡k¦i kvwšÍKvgx I Ávbwccvmy gvby‡li mv‡_ cwiwPZn‡Z cvi‡e|20

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the day’s dramatic developments came in clandestine radiobulletins broadcast from Dacca and from reports by trav-ellers crossing into India....’

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1971 mv‡ji 27 gvP© `¨ UvBgm (jÛb) G �President saystraitors must be punished’ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvk :

�Delhi, March 26-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman tonightproclaimed East Pakistan the sovereign independent peo-ple’s Republic of Bangladesh. According to a clandestineradio report monitored near the East Pakistan Border.

The Press Trust of India (P.T.I) published the reportwhich was monitored at Agartala, in the Indian territory ofTripura, about 56 miles east of Dacca, PTI. said that thebroadcast was not made by the Sheikh himself but by anunidentified announcer.

The broadcast said that troops of the East BengalRegiment, the East Pakistan Rifles, and the ‘ntire Policeforce’ had surrounded West Pakistan troops in Chittagong,Comilla, Sylhet, Jessore, Barisal and Khulna, and thatheavy fighting was continuing.

A later message said that forces loyal to SheikhMujibur had captured the Chittagong station of RadioPakistan forcing troops to retreat after fierce fighting...

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`¨ †WBwj †UwjMÖv‡di mvsevw`K †WwfW jmvK GKvË‡ii 7B gvP©XvKvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡jI 25†k gvP© fvi‡Zi w`wjø‡Z Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb|1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb Zuvi ÔcvwK¯Ívb µvBwmmÕ eBwU cÖKvknq| G eB‡q wZwb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb- �They were sustained, for atime, by the broadcasts of the clandestine RadioBangladesh soon after darkness fell on March 25, the voteeof Sheikh Mujibur Rahman came faintly through on awavelength close the official Pakistan Radio. In what must

have been and sounded like, a pre-recorded message, theSheikh proclaimed East Pakistan to be the People’sRepublic of Bangladesh. He called on Bangalis to gounderground, to reorganize and to attack the ‘Invaders’.And he claimed to be as free as Bangladesh — a tragicallytrue claim for he was in prison. But it was a claim whichfired the resolve of the Mukti Fouj in those early, fraughtweeks before they succumbed to the legions of the west.Radio Bangladesh continued to broadcast but its claimgrew wilder...’

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GKvË‡ii 27 gvP© GKB cwÎKvi Av‡iKwU wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv hvq|‘Sheikh Mujibur Rahman now faces the crisis he hasalways feared/ The making of a martyr’ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvk:

�What I want is emancipation for my people’, theSheikh said maintaining the policy. He has hitherto taken,even in public rallies, of avoiding the mention of independ-ence, ‘Let us face it - even when the British ruled India theydid not tax us. They reaped the fruits of the land but they didnot impose taxes on us. At the moment we are being treat-ed by the West Pakistanis as a mere colony and a marketplace. We have our rights and these were underlined in theresults of the elections. Only a few days after her electionMrs. Gandhi was sworn in as Prime Minister. My electionwas last year but I am still waiting to be sworn in....’

Z_¨m~Î1. ÔRqevsjvÕ we‡kl msL¨v2. ˆ`wbK AvRv`, 8 gvP© 19713. ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, 8 gvP© 19714. L›`Kvi Kvgiæj û`v, ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg I †kL gywRe, gvP© 1995, c„.

216, 2385. Zcb Kzgvi †`, m¤úv`bv, ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv I e½eÜz, Zvgªwjwc,

†deªæqvwi 2010, c„. 28, 2366. Press Telegram, published california, 26 Mrach, 1971

7. The Times (London) 27 March, 1971

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cÖkœ: †mB ˆK‡kvi †_‡K AvR‡Ki GB cwiYZ mg‡q G‡mÑ GKRb ˆmwbKK‡b©j Rvwgj I GKRb wcZv K‡b©j Rvwgj m¤ú‡K© ejyb|Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: me mšÍv‡bi Kv‡QB Zvi evev Lye wcÖq nb| Avgvievev knx` K‡b©j Rvwgj GKRb cwic~Y© gvbyl wQ‡jb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KBZv‡K GKRb gvbeZvev`x gvbyl wn‡m‡eB †`‡L G‡mwQ| GUv‡Zv meviBRvbv †h, cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z evOvwj‡ì‡K G‡Kev‡iB RvqMv †`qvnZ bv| Avgiv wb‡Ri †Pv‡LI †`‡LwQ Ges evev-gv‡qi Kv‡QI Mí ï‡bwQ†h, †mmgq evOvwj‡ì Lye †nq Kiv nZ| IB cÖvmw½K cwiw ’wZ‡Z, †mLv‡bhZ evOvwj Awdmvi wQ‡jb, Zv‡ì‡K me mgq mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv KiviGKwU cÖeYZv Avgvi evevi g‡a¨ wQj| †KD †Kvb yN©Ubvq co‡j evPvKwi‡Z Kv‡iv Amyweav n‡jÑevev P‡j hv‡”Qb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z| Ibvi GgvbweK w`KUv‡Zv wQjB Gi m‡½ Avi GKwU D‡jøL Kivi g‡Zv w`K wQj|Avi †mUv n‡jv, Avgvi gv AvÄygvb Aviv Rvwg‡ji cÖwZ Zvi AMva

fv‡jvevmv| ¯vgxiv ¿x‡ì fv‡jvevm‡ebÑGUvB wPivqZ| wKš‘ GLv‡bme‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq n‡jv, fv‡jvevmvi cvkvcvwk ¿x wn‡m‡e kª×vKiv| Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Avgvi gv‡K Dwb Am¤¢e kª×v Ki‡Zb|

e¨w³ gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgvi evev Lye KíYvwejvmx (†ivgvw›UK) wQ‡jb|evev-gv yR‡bB cQ›` K‡i we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb| Ges GKvi‡YB Avgvi gv‡Kme wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ †`qvi welqwU Ibvi g‡a¨ cÖKU wQj| Avevi GKB m‡½wZwb Lye †mœncÖeY evevI (jvwfs dv`vi) wQ‡jb| †ek K‡qKevi evevi†mœncÖeYZvi cÖgvYI †c‡qwQ| GKev‡ii K_vÑ mgqUv ZLb 1968 mvj|Avgviv mevB ZLb cvwK Ív‡bi †Kv‡qUvq wQjvg| Avgvi bvbv gviv hvIqviKvi‡Y †mmgq gv‡K GKv XvKvq Avm‡Z n‡qwQj| IB GKUv gvm Avwg AviAvgvi eo †evb evevi Kv‡Q wQjvg| †mmgq †`‡LwQ †h, GKRb evevI ZvimšÍvb‡ì GZ my›ìfv‡e hZœ wb‡q †`‡L ivL‡Z cv‡ib! Avgv‡ì yÕ‡evb‡K¯‹z‡j cvVv‡bv †_‡K Aviv¤¢ K‡i ¯‹zj evm †_‡K wb‡q Avmv, evev wb‡RBKi‡Zb| Zvici ¯‹z‡ji †`qv evwoi KvR¸‡jv Avgv‡ì yÕ†evb‡K m‡½wb‡q wb‡R nv‡Z Kiv‡Zb| GQvovI †h †Kvb cÖ‡qvR‡bB Avgiv evev‡Kcv‡k †c‡qwQ me mgq| ZvB GKRb cwic~Y© gvbyl wn‡m‡eB evev‡K †`wL|

Avi ˆmwbK wn‡m‡e hLb Ibv‡K †`wL..... Zvi‡Zv †Kv‡bv ZzjbvB nqbv| PvKwii ïiæ †_‡KB wZwb wmMb¨vj‡mi KwgDwb‡Kk‡b Ges mvgwiK†Mv‡q›`vevwnbxi AvBGmAvB‡Z wQ‡jb (G‡ÿÎ¸‡jv‡Z Ibvi †cvw÷s_vK‡Zv)| GQvovI wewfbœ wgk‡bi Kv‡RI Ibv‡K Lye e¨ Í _vK‡Z n‡Zv|Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Ibvi wbôv Ggb wQj †h, hLb Kv‡Ri cÖm½ Avm‡Zv ZLb KvR

GKw`‡K Avi evKx me wKQz Av‡iKw`‡K| Ges Avgvi g‡b nq, Rxe‡bi†kl gyn~‡Z©i KZ©e¨civqYZv w`‡q wZwb Zv cÖgvYI K‡i †M‡Qb †hÑ Kv‡RicÖwZ `vwqZ¡ ev wbôv Kv‡K e‡j|

cÖkœ: K‡b©j Rvwg‡ji e½eÜzi Kv‡Qi n‡q IVvi MíUv ejyb| Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: Avwg Aek¨B Me©‡eva Kwi †h, Avgvi evevÑ K‡Y©jRvwgj e½eÜzi Rb¨ wb‡Ri Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜzi cÖwZ †h †cÖgGes fv‡jvevmv evevi wQj Zv Abe`¨| g‡b nq, G KviYUvB AviI †ewkIbv‡K †U‡b wb‡q wM‡qwQj 15B AvM‡÷i NUbv ’‡j| 75-Gi ci †_‡KBAvgvi gv‡qi gyL †_‡K †kvbv Mí¸‡jv Ges wZwb hv wj‡L‡QbIÑ †m¸‡jvAvgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z †Mu‡_ †M‡Q|

1966 mvj| evev ZLb Lyjbv AvBGmAvB‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvjb †kl K‡iXvKv AvBGmAvB-G †hvM †`b| Gmgq Zvi m‡½ AviI wZb evOvwjAwdmvi AvBGmAvB‡Z Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †gRi iDd(cieZ©x‡Z weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Ges wWwRwWGdAvB-G 1974-75 ch©šÍwQ‡jb), K¨v‡Þb †gvnveŸZ Rvb †PŠayix (whwb cieZ©x‡Z †gRi †Rbv‡ij)Ges †gRi gy ÍvwdR (cieZ©x‡Z gš¿x nb) wQ‡jb| IB mgq †gRi iDdI Avgvi evev (K‡b©j Rvwgj) e½eÜyi Kv‡Q Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ vb Ki‡Zb|Ges A‡bK wel‡qB Zvu‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb| G mg‡qB K‡b©j RvwgjAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv I c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K ¯vaxb Kiv msµvšÍ me bw_cÎiv‡Zi AÜKv‡i igbv cv‡K© wb‡q wM‡q cywo‡q †d‡jb| G cÖgvYvw` aŸsm

Kivi Kvi‡YB cieZ©x‡Z cwðg cvwK Ívb miKvi AvMiZjv gvgjv wel‡qAvi G¸‡Z cv‡i wb| d‡j †hme evOvwj Rywbqi Awdmviiv c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K¯vaxb Kivi cwiKíbv KiwQ‡jb, Zviv (Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb weª‡MwWqvibyiæ¾vgvb I K‡b©j û`v) †KvU© gvk©vj †_‡K †eu‡P hvb| GB cy‡iv NUbvwUcieZ©x‡Z e½eÜz Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| Avi G NUbvi ci †_‡KB m¤¢eZ eveve½eÜzi Av ’v AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Zvui Kv‡Qi n‡q I‡Vb|

Gw`‡K K‡b©j Rvwg‡ji GB Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© B‡Zvg‡a¨B AvBGmAvB†nW †KvqvU©vi AeMZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z K‡b©j Rvwgj hLb (1968 mvj)†Kv‡qUvq ÷vd †Kvm© KiwQ‡jb, ZLb Zv‡K jv‡nvi AvBGmAvB †nW†KvqvUv©‡i †W‡K cvVv‡bv nq| †mLv‡b Zv‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿ I cÖvmw½Kwel‡q wRÁvmvev` Kiv nq| G‡Z Zvi †KvU© gvk©v‡ji m¤¢vebvI m„wó nq|Z‡e AvBGmAvB weZwK©Z nIqvi Avk¼v †`Lv †`qvq welqwU avgvPvcv c‡ohvq| Avi Gfv‡eB K‡b©j Rvwgj †KvU© gvk©vj †_‡K †eu‡P hvb|

cieZ©x‡Z evev mvgwiK mwPe †_‡K wWwRwWGdAvB‡qi wWwRn‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ PvR© ey‡S cvbwb| †mmgq weª‡MwWqvi iDd jKv‡ii mePvwe wb‡q GK mßv‡ni Rb¨ jÛb P‡j hvb| c‡i GK mßv‡ni RvqMvqwZwb †mLv‡b wZb mßvn KvUvb| evev GKw`b Awdm †_‡K G‡m ycy‡iLvevi †L‡Z †L‡Z gv‡K ejwQ‡jb †h, ÔAvwg eyS‡Z cviwQ bv , iDd fvBjKv‡ii me Pvwe wb‡q P‡j †M‡jb †Kb? PvR©I eywS‡q †M‡jb bv! Avwg†Kvb KvRB Ki‡Z cviwQ bv|Õ evev Lye DwØMœ wQ‡jb †mmgq| Gw`‡K eveviwWwRwWGdAvB‡q e`wj nIqvi ci e½eÜy evev‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔZzB Avgvi

me mšÍv‡bi Kv‡QB Zvi evev Lye wcÖq nb| Avgvi evev knx` K‡b©jRvwgj GKRb cwic~Y© gvbyl wQ‡jb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zv‡K GKRbgvbeZvev`x gvbyl wn‡m‡eB †`‡L G‡mwQ| GUv‡Zv meviB Rvbv †h,cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z evOvwj‡ì‡K G‡Kev‡iB RvqMv †`qvnZ bv| Avgiv wb‡Ri †Pv‡LI †`‡LwQ Ges evev-gv‡qi Kv‡QI Míï‡bwQ †h, †mmgq evOvwj‡ì Lye †nq Kiv nZ| IB cÖvmw½Kcwiw ’wZ‡Z, †mLv‡b hZ evOvwj Awdmvi wQ‡jb, Zv‡ì‡K me mgqmvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Kivi GKwU cÖeYZv Avgvi evevi g‡a¨ wQj

bq‡bi gwb| ZzB Avgvi KvQ †_‡K P‡j hvw”Qm, Avgvi Lye Kó jvM‡Q|wKš‘ †Zvi g‡Zv GKRb `ÿ Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ Awdmvi‡K wWwRwWGdAvB‡qicÖ‡qvRb| Avwg wb‡Ri ¯v‡_©i Rb¨ †`‡ki ÿwZ Ki‡Z PvB bv|Õ

cÖkœ: †mB Kv‡jv ivwÎi K_v ejyb|Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: Avm‡j GB AcZrciZvUv A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB ïiæn‡qwQj| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kivi g‡Zv AviI GKwU welq i‡q‡Q| Avi †mUvn‡jvÑ †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi (whwb 75 cieZ©x mg‡q †cÖwm‡W›Un‡q‡Qb) GKUv †ÿvf wQj †h, Dwb mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖavb n‡Z cvi‡jbbv| KviY wZwb †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn †_‡K GK b¤i wmwbqi wQ‡jb| †mmgq†mbvevwnbx‡Z hviv KvR Ki‡Zb, Zviv G welqwU †ek eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb|

1975 mv‡j evev ZLbI mvgwiK mwPeB (†g‡jUvwi †m‡µUvwi)wQ‡jb| †m mgq Avgiv MYfe‡bi †fZ‡iB _vKZvg| Avgvi evev we‡K‡jAwdm †_‡K wd‡i †Uwe‡j Lvevi †L‡Z †L‡Z gv‡qi m‡½ K_v ej‡Zb|NUbvi Av‡MI cÖvqB wZwb ej‡Zb, e½eÜz †h wK Ki‡Qb, Avgvi K_vGK`g ïb‡Qb bv| wbivcËvi welqUv G‡Kev‡iB gv‡bb bv| Avwg GZ K‡iejwQ MYfe‡b G‡m _vK‡Z (evev me mgq e½eÜzi wbivcËv wb‡q fxlYDwØMœ I Amš‘ó _vK‡Zb)| 32 b¤‡i †mfv‡e wbivcËvI †`qv hv‡”Q bv|ILvbKvi wbivcËv eë ’v hZB evovB bv †Kb, †mUv MYfe‡bi g‡Zv n‡ebv| Avgvi fxlY fq n‡”Q!

e½eÜy wKQz‡ZB †mmgq MYfe‡b Avm‡Z Pvbwb| wZwb ZLb evev‡Ke‡jwQ‡jb, Rvwgj †h Kx ewjm, Avgv‡K †K gvi‡e, ej‡Zv? Ggb cÖkœ Qy‡ow`‡qB wZwb cÖm½wU Gwo‡q †h‡Zb me mgq| cieZ©x mg‡q evev MYfe‡bwKQzUv wbivcËv eë ’v †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Gi Av‡M MYfe‡b †h†KDB mivmwi Xz‡K †h‡Z cviZ| †mmgq evevB †M‡U bvg wj‡L †XvKv,Zjøvwki eë ’vmn Av‡M †_‡KB A¨vc‡q›U‡g›U wb‡q AvmvÑ G c`‡ÿç‡jvwbwðZ K‡ib| ZLb mvgwiK mwPe wn‡m‡e evev ej‡Zb †h, e½eÜz GK`gAvgvi K_v ïb‡Qb bv| wKQz GKUv NU‡j, GKUv ¸wj e½eÜzi ey‡K jvM‡eAvi GKUv Avgvi ey‡K| Avgvi aviYv, evev m¤¢eZ G ai‡bi GKUvloh‡š¿i K_v Av‡M †_‡KB Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|

†mw`b (ïµevi) gaïv‡Z (AvbygvwbK mgq †fvi 4Uvi c‡i)†Uwj‡dv‡bi k‡ã Avgvi Nyg †f‡O hvq| evev-gv‡qi †kvevi Ni AviAvgv‡ì (Avwg I Avgvi †mR †evb †k¦Zv) †kvevi Ni cvkvcvwk wQj|†dv‡bi AvIqvR †c‡q †`Š‡o evevi N‡i †Mjvg| Avgv‡ì evmvinUjvBbUv wQj evevi †kvevi N‡i| ZLb †`L‡Z †cjvg, †iW †dvbUvevR‡Q (†hUv‡Z mivmwi e½eÜzi m‡½ K_v ejv †hZ)| gv †dvb a‡iBevev‡K ej‡jb, GB ZvovZwo †dvbUv bvI, e½eÜz K_v ej‡eb| Gcvk†_‡K evev‡K ej‡Z ïbjvg, †dvm© wb‡q Avwg GÿzwY AvmwQ| Avcwb GK`gwPšÍv Ki‡eb bv, m¨vi| Avcwb †hLv‡b i‡q‡Qb ILvb †_‡K GKUzI bo‡ebbv| GUvB nUjvB‡b Ibvi m‡½ evevi †kl K_v wQj|

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Gw`‡K evev †Kv_vq †LuvR Ki‡Qb Avgvi gv! MYfe‡b evevi Awd‡m†dvb Ki‡Qb wZwb| †mmgq hviv GwWwm wQ‡jb Zviv †dvbI Zzj‡jb| Z‡e†KD evevi Lei w`‡Z ciwQ‡jb bv| Gmgq †iwWI‡Z †NvlYv Avm‡Q-†gRi Wvwjg †NvlYv Ki‡Q, e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| me cwieZ©b n‡q†M‡Q| L›`Kvi †gvkZvK bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡QbZZÿ‡Y| bZzb †Kwe‡bU †NvlYv Kiv n‡”Q| ZLb AvBbywÏb fvB G‡mGKbvMv‡o Kuv`‡Z jvM‡jb| †Kvb K_vB ej‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| Avgvi gvej‡jb, AvBbywÏb Zzwg †Zvgvi m¨vi‡K †Kv_vq †i‡L G‡mQ? Zzwg GKv †KbG‡mQ? Avi Zzwg Kuv`‡Qv †Kb? †Kvb K_v bv e‡j AvBbywÏb fvB †Ku‡`BP‡j‡Qb| Zvici cÖvq ycyi 2Uvi w`‡K Avgvi gv ZLb bvgvR c‡o †`vqvKi‡Qb| Ggb mgq †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn gv‡K †dvb K‡i ej‡jb, fvwem¤¢eZ Rvwgj fvB Avi †bB| Dwb cy‡iv K_vUvI †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv|gv ZLb AÁvb n‡q c‡o †M‡jb|

Gici yÕRb mvgwiK Awdmvi Gj Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z| ZLb mvivkn‡i Kvdz© PjwQ‡jv| Gig‡a¨B Avgv‡ì mevB‡K Avgvi eo PvPv RvgvjAvn‡g‡ì jvjgvwUqvi evwo‡Z wb‡q †M‡jb IB Awdmviiv| ILv‡b ivZ11Uv ch©šÍ Avgiv evevi gi‡`‡ni Rb¨ A‡cÿv Kwi| †mmgq mvgwiKevwnbxi wKQz †R¨ô Kg©KZ©v evevi gi‡`n †`qvi welqwUi ga¨ ’Zv KiwQj|†kl ch©šÍ weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid K¨v‡Þb dviæ‡Ki m‡½ ga¨ ’ZvwUK‡ib|

evev‡K Iiv Mvwo‡ZB eªvk dvqvi K‡iwQj| W&ªvBfvi AvBbywÏb fvBcwiw ’wZ †`‡LB Mvwoi Pvwe wb‡q P‡j G‡mwQ‡jv| MvwoUv ZLb Avi †`qwbIiv| Pvwe bv _vKvq MvwoUv‡K av°v w`‡q w`‡q 32 b¤‡ii WªvBfI‡q‡Z†i‡L hvq Iiv| mv‡o 11Uv †_‡K †cŠ‡b 12Uvi w`‡K evevi gi‡`n wb‡qAvmv n‡jv| eveviB GK Nwbô eÜz †LvKb KvKz wM‡q (evevi wcÖq wbkvb wcÖÝ†_‡K) gi‡`nUv wb‡q Av‡mb eo PvPvi jvjgvwUqvi evmvq| Avwg evmviIci †_‡K wKfv‡e †hb wb‡P †b‡g †Mjvg| Mvwoi †fZ‡i evev‡K †kvqv‡bvAe ’vq †`Ljvg| Mvwoi Rvbvjv w`‡q cv y‡Uv †ei n‡q wQj (Dwb †ek j¤vwQ‡jb Avi Mv‡qi is Lye dm©v wQj| Kv‡Q wM‡q cvÕUv aijvg, †`LjvgVvÐv| eyS‡Z cvijvg evev Avi †bB| Gici AbygwZ wb‡q weª‡MwWqviLv‡j` †gvkvii‡di K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui evmvq evevi gi‡`n wb‡q hvIqv nq|Ibvi evmvi M¨v‡i‡RB evev‡K †Mvmj Kiv‡bv nj|

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cÖkœ: Gici Avcbv‡ì cwiev‡ii msMÖv‡gi K_v ejyb|Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: Gici Avi GK hy× ïiæ n‡jv Avgvi gv‡qi|ZrKvjxb Avwg© †nW †KvqvU©vi Avgvi evevi g„Zz mb‡` (†W_ mvwU©wd‡KU)†j‡L †h, Avgvi evev K‡b©j Rvwgj µm dvqv‡i gviv hvb| †mmgq Avgvigv‡K †Rvic~e©K IB mb‡` mB Kwi‡qwQ‡jv Iiv (e½eÜzi NvZKiv)| Zv bvn‡j evevi cÖwf‡W›U dvÛ-Gi UvKv, †cbmb, i¨vkb †Kvb wKQzB cvIqv hv‡ebv e‡j ûgwK †`q Iiv| †mB iæp ev ÍeZvq gv Pvi mšÍvb‡K wb‡q †eu‡P_vKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b evevi g„Zz mb‡` mB Kivi KwVb wm×všÍwU wb‡Z eva¨ nb|

Gw`‡K 40 w`b ci gv eyS‡Z cvi‡jb wZwb AšÍ:¯Ë¡v| AvU gvm ciAvgvi †QvU‡evb nj| ZLb Avgiv Pvi †evb| Avgvi eo †evb Zby , AvgvicieZ©x †QvU †evb †k¦Zv Avi mevi †QvU †evb Kvwikgv| Gmgq †_‡KBAvgv‡ì cwiev‡ii cÖK…Z hy× ïiæ| Avgiv 15B AvM‡÷i w`b †_‡K cÖvqGK eQi ch©šÍ Avgvi eo PvPvi jvjgvwUqvi evmvq wQjvg| c‡i gv A‡bK†Póvi ci GKwU cwiZ¨³ evwo Zvi bv‡g Aby‡gv`b cvb|

evev P‡j hvIqvi ci gv hLb wewìs Kb÷ªvKk‡bi KvR ïiæ Ki‡jb,ZLb †mbvevwnbx‡Z †mmgqKvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v e‡jwQ‡jbÑIbv‡K(Avgvi gv‡K) gwnjv Awa`dZ‡i GKUv PvKwi †hvMvo K‡i wb‡Z! gv hLbcy‡ivcywi eëmv ïiæ Ki‡jb ZLb †KD Zv‡K KvR w`‡Z PvB‡Zv bv| bvbvevnvbv Ki‡Zv| cieZ©x‡Z Dwb cy‡ivcywi wewìs Kb÷ªvKk‡bi Kv‡RBg‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| Ges cvkvcvwk weGwWwm‡Z Bb‡WbwUs-Gi KvRIPvwj‡q hvb| evevi P‡j hvIqvi ci †_‡KB me mgq evavi g‡a¨B wQjvgAvgiv| †hgb- 1975Õi 7 b‡f¤‡i wmcvwn we‡ ªv‡ni mgq Avgvi gvwmGgGBP nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© wQ‡jb| †mmgq ILv‡b Avgvi gv‡K LuyR‡ZG‡mwQj Iiv| Avgiv mevB ZLb cvwj‡q wQjvg| gv Avi Avgvi eo †evbAvgv‡ì GK AvZ¥x‡qi evmvq Ges Avwg Avi Avgvi †mR †evb Av‡iKAvZ¥x‡qi evmvq cvwj‡q wQjvg|

cieZ©x‡Z (1979 mv‡j) Avgv‡ì evmvq eo ai‡bi GKUv WvKvwZnq| evevi A‡bK Riæwi `wjj-cÎ †mmgq nvwi‡q hvq| Gfv‡eB bvbvcÖwZK~j Ae ’v †cwi‡q GKRb mdj eëmvqx wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì Pvi †evb‡Kgvbyl K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb Avgvi gv| Ges GKBm‡½ e½eÜzi cÖvPviI Pvwj‡q†M‡Qb wZwb| Avgvi g‡Z, gv AZ¨šÍ wbôvi m‡½ m¤§vb wb‡q G‡`‡k†_‡K‡Qb|

cÖkœ: 75 cieZ©x mg‡q e½eÜzi cÖPviYvq Avcbvi gv‡qi f~wgKv †KgbwQ‡jv? Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: G‡`‡k e½eÜz‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi †cQ‡b ïiæ †_‡KBAvgvi gv‡qi A‡bK Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Avgvi evev-gv GKB gv‡ci gvbylwQ‡jb| fxlY msMÖvgx I ¯úóev`x| Avwg ej‡ev, Avgvi gv GKRb gwnqmxbvix| †mB 75-G ¯vgx nvwi‡q GKwU †g‡qi Rb¥ w`‡jb| GiciavivevwnKfv‡e Pvi PviwU †g‡q‡K gvbyl K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk fxlYmvnwmKZv I „pZvi m‡½ e½eÜzi cÖPviYvi KvRI Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb| Gesg„Zz i AvM gyn~Z© ch©šÍ (2012 mvj) mie wQ‡jb wZwb| 15B AvM÷cieZ©x mg‡q †`‡k mevB wbw®Œq wQj| e½eÜzi bvg ch©šÍ D”PviY Ki‡Z(cÖvq wbwl× nIqvi ch©v‡q) fq †cZ mevB| G mg‡qi g‡a¨B Le‡iiKvMR¸‡jv‡Z Avgvi gv‡qi 4-5Uv cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk nq| Zv‡Z gv¯úófv‡e me wKQz we ÍvwiZ e‡j‡Qb| GKUzI fq cvbwb| †mmgq¸‡jv‡ZAvgv‡ì Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK Avkª‡qi A‡bK cÖ Íve Avm‡Zv| wKš‘ Avgvi gv†m cÖ Íve cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i ej‡Zb, hw` Avwg G †`k †Q‡o P‡j hvB, Zvn‡jAvgvi ¯vgxi †Kvb Aw ÍZ¡B _vK‡e bv Ges e½eÜzi Rb¨ †`‡k †h KvR KivìKviÑ †mUvI Avi n‡e bv| e½eÜzi Rb¨ wZwb Zvi ¯vgx‡K nvwi‡q‡QbÑGUvi Rb¨ †gv‡UI Av‡ÿc wQj bv Zvi| eis GRb¨ Me©‡eva Ki‡Zb wZwb|Avgiv gv‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Avgvi ¯vgx evOvwj RvwZi Kj¼ NuywP‡q‡Qb|

Avgvi gv AvÄygvb Aviv Rvwgj e„nËi Kzwóqv-Gi msm` m`m¨ nb(1996 mv‡j)| †eu‡P _vK‡Z Dwb K‡b©j Rvwgj DwÏb Avn‡g` bv‡g GKwUdvD‡Ûkb K‡iwQ‡jb| 2012 mv‡ji b‡f¤i gv‡m wZwb gviv hvb|

cÖkœ: †mmgq Avcbv‡ì Pvi †evb‡K wK †Kvb AcÖxwZKi cwiw ’wZi gy‡LvgywLn‡Z n‡q‡Q?Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: cwiev‡i †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Avgiv e½eÜz I¯vaxbZvi K_v ï‡b eo n‡qwQ| evev P‡j hvIqvi ci †_‡K cÖvqB Avgv‡ìcÖwZK~j cwiw ’wZi ga¨ w`‡q †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| GiKgB GKwU NUbvi K_vejwQ| ZLb Avwg GmGmwm cvk K‡i PviæKjvq fwZ© n‡Z †Mjvg| fwZ©cixÿvi fvBfv PjwQj| †mmgq PviæKjvi cwiPvjK wQ‡jb AvwgbyjBmjvg m¨vi| IB fvBfv c¨v‡b‡j †mw`b nv‡kg Lvb m¨viI wQ‡jb (wZwbcÖvP¨Kjvi Avgvi mivmwi wkÿK wQ‡jb)| †ev‡W© †KD wKQz wR‡Ám KiviAv‡MB wZwb Avgvi bvg Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| Avwg Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼vej‡ZB Dwb Ab¨ KvD‡K wKQz ejvi my‡hvM bv w`‡qB Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb- ZzwgMvb MvB‡Z cvi? Avwg m¤§wZ Rvwb‡q mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU iex› ª msMxZMvBjvg| GeviI †KD wKQz ejvi Av‡MB nv‡kg m¨vi ej‡jb, Av”Qv, GeviZzwg Avm‡Z cvi| nv‡kg m¨vi †mmgq Avgv‡K wKQz bv ej‡jI †ek wKQzw`b c‡i e‡jwQ‡jbÑ IB mgq Avgv‡K PviæKjvq fwZ© bv †bqvi GKUvwm×všÍ wQj| †mmgq m¨v‡ii k³ mycvwi‡ki Kvi‡b Avwg PviæKjvq fwZ©imy‡hvM cvB|

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cÖkœ: Avcbvi †evb‡ì m¤ú‡K© ejyb| evevi m‡½ KvUv‡bv †Kvb gyûZ© g‡bc‡o wK?Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: Avgiv Pvi †evb| eo †evb Zvnwgbv Gbv‡qZ ZbyXvKvq _v‡Kb| eëmv Ki‡Qb wZwb| yB †Q‡j I yB †g‡q wb‡q Zvi myLxmsmvi| Avi wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡eB Avgvi (Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v) cwiPq|AvwgI yB †Q‡j I ¯vgxi msmvi wb‡q AvwQ| †m‡Rv †evb dvnwg`v Avn‡g`†k¦Zv hy³iv‡óª emevm Ki‡Q| †mLv‡b †m eëmv Ki‡Qb| Avi mevi †QvU†evb K¨vwikgv RvwgjI †ckvq AvwU©÷| †mI GK †g‡q wb‡q †`‡kB _v‡K|

evev‡K wb‡q †Kvb we‡kl ¯§„wZi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j ej‡Z nq, evevwQ‡jb GKRb †mbv Kg©KZ©v| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ¯v‡_© kZ e¨ ÍZvi g‡a¨†_‡KI evev hZUyKy mgq †c‡Zb Avgv‡ì m‡½B KvUv‡Zb| Avi me mgqLye nvwmLywk _vK‡Zb wZwb| †iveevi QywUi w`b¸‡jv‡Z mKvj‡ejvq Avgvigv gRvi gRvi bv Ív evbv‡Zb| Avi Avgiv mevB wg‡j †mB bv Ív †L‡qevevi m‡½ Avgv‡ì wbkvb wcÖÝ Mvwo cwi®‹vi KiZvg| evev hLb Kv‡Re¨ Í _vK‡Zb ZLb gv‡Sg‡a¨ Avgv‡K ej‡Zb, gv Avgvi wcVUv Pyj‡K `vI†Zv| ZLb Avwg bL w`‡q evevi wc‡V wewfbœ Qwe AvuKZvg Avi wRÁvmvKiZvgÑ e‡jv GUv wK‡mi Qwe? IB gyn~Z© ‡jv Lye g‡b c‡o|

cÖkœ: GKRb knx` ˆmwb‡Ki mšÍvb wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii Kv‡Q wKQz cÖZ¨vkvK‡ib wK?Avd‡ivRv Rvwgj K¼v: GKRb knx` exi ˆmwb‡Ki mšÍvb wn‡m‡e G wPšÍvUvLyeB m½Z †h, GiKg GKwU wbg©g NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q hw` †mw`b †`‡kiivR‰bwZK cU cwieZ©b bv n‡ZvÑ †m‡ÿ‡Î Avgvi evev‡KI nq‡Zv RvwZAb¨fv‡e g~j¨vqb KiZ! mgq we‡ePbvq, †`‡ki Rb¨ Avgvi evevi †hZ¨vM-AvZ¥DrmM©Ñ G mZ¨ mevi Rvbv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| Z‡eGZUv mgq †cwi‡q G‡m GUzKz ej‡Z cvwi †h, GKRb exi ˆmwbK‡KwKfv‡e mb¥vbbv Rvbv‡bv hvq †mUv RvwZB we‡ePbv Ki‡e|

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wR.wU. nvB¯‹zj IB nvBI‡qi cv‡k, ¯‹zj †_‡K Uzw½cvov e½eÜzievwo Av‡iv gvBjLv‡bK †fZ‡i| wR.wU. A_©vr wMgvWv½v-Uzw½cvovnvB¯‹zj, ¯‹z‡ji mvg‡bB wekvj gvV e‡j wgwUs I mvs¯‹…wZK AbyôvbILv‡bB n‡jv| ¯‹zjwU cÖwZwôZ nq 1915 mv‡j, ZLb wQj wMgvWv½v wd«cÖvBgvwi ¯‹zj, e½eÜz GB ¯‹z‡jB K¬vm Uz ch©šÍ c‡owQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡kiMÖvg m¤ú‡K© Avgvi mivmwi cwiPq _vKvi myev‡` Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z Kónq bv, Mi‡g e„wó‡Z ay‡jvKv`v †f‡O j¤^v Mo‡bi GKwU †Q‡j ¯‹z‡j hv‡”QAvm‡Q| MÖv‡gi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì, we‡kl K‡i †Q‡j‡ì IB cÖvBgvwi ¯‹zjch©šÍB hvIqv, AwaKvskB S‡i hvq, kn‡i fv‡jv ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R co‡ZBev hvq KÕRb| wR.wU. nvB¯‹z‡ji cvKv feb nq 1990 mv‡j|

e½eÜz Av‡iv co‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb †MvcvjMÄ cvewjK ¯‹z‡j, c‡ifwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb wgkbvwi ¯‹z‡j| Avwg B‡”Q K‡iB wR.wU nvB¯‹zj I kn‡ie½eÜz K‡jR m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv AvMÖn cÖKvk Kwiwb| KviY ¯‹zj IK‡j‡Ri gvwU‡Z e½eÜzi cv‡qi ¯úk© Qvov feb`y‡Uv‡Z Zuvi †Kv‡bv¯úk©B †bB| _vKvi K_vI bq| e½eÜzi cÖvBgvwi ¯‹z‡ji bv‡gi m‡½Uzw½cvov hy³ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ kn‡ii ¯‹z‡ji gv‡VB GLb e½eÜz K‡jR|Avwg g‡b g‡b †`L‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ GK`v GB gv‡V I iv¯Ívq gywRe bv‡giGKwU †Q‡ji KxiKg c`PviYv I Kg©ZrciZv wQj| †MvcvjM‡ÄiAvBbRxex ajy ivq †PŠayix Rvbv‡jb †MvcvjM‡Äi †Kv_vq gywR‡ei cv‡qi¯úk© †bB| Avi Avwg g‡b g‡b ewj, mviv evsjv‡`‡ki me RvqMv‡ZB†Zv gywRe I e½eÜz GKvKvi n‡q wg‡k Av‡Qb| †MvcvjMÄ kn‡i †hevwo‡Z †_‡K e½eÜz †jLvcov K‡i‡Qb, †m evwowUI GLb †bB| 1971mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q|

†Zgwb cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q Zuvi Uzw½cvovi evwoI| 18 gv‡P© e½eÜzieZ©gvb †`vZjv cvKv evwoi wbPZjvq Wªwqsiæ‡g Avwg Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwm-bv‡K wR‡Ám K‡iwQjvg: e½eÜz †h N‡i R‡b¥wQ‡jb, †mB NiwU wKAv‡Q? †kL nvwmbv †n‡m ej‡jb : GB Wªwqs iægwUB †mB Ni| †mB N‡ii†cvov wUb IB ILv‡b|

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e‡jwQ jv‡Lv gvby‡li Xj| ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V, e½eÜzi evwo‡Z|†MvcvjMÄ †_‡K Avgiv hLb Uzw½cvovq e½eÜzi evwo‡Z †cuŠ‡QwQ, ZLb†jv‡K †jvKviY¨, †jv‡K Ke‡i cy®úgvj¨ w`‡”Q, dv‡Znv cvV Ki‡Q,†`vqv Ki‡Q| Wªwqs iæ‡g †kL nvwmbv, Wvb nv‡Z Zmwen, GKwU wm‡½j†mvdvq e‡m, Zuvi Wvbcv‡k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wRjøyiingvb| †kL nvwmbv I wRjøyi ingv‡bi gvSLv‡b e½eÜzi GKwU eoQwe| N‡i Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb cÖ‡dmi Kexi †PŠayix, wePvicwZ †K Gg†mvenvb, ˆmq` kvgmyj nK, cÖ‡dmi ghnviæj Bmjvg, Aa¨ÿKvgiæ¾vgvb| wM‡q nvwRi njvg Avwg, Kwe iwdK AvRv` I Kwegnv‡è mvnv| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi A‡bK †bZvB Av‡Qb, †kL nvwmbv mevim‡½ K_v ej‡Qb I wgjv`-gvnwd‡ji e¨vcv‡i †LuvR wb‡”Qb| GKmgqD‡V †M‡jb wgjv‡` Ask †b‡eb e‡j| Zvi Av‡M e½eÜzi gvRv‡icy®úgvj¨ Ac©Y| Gw`‡K gIjvbv mv‡ne cweÎ †KviAvb cvV Ki‡Qb,GKUv fveM¤¢xi cwi‡ek, G †hb Rb¥w`‡bi Abyôvb bq, †hb †kv‡KiAve‡n Mov GK wegl© evsjv‡`k| wgjv‡` GK cv‡k †g‡q‡ì RvqMv,Av‡iK cv‡k cyiæl‡ì| cyiæl‡ì gy‡LvgywL I †g‡q‡ì evg cv‡ke½eÜzi Kei| e½eÜzi Ke‡ii cv‡kB Zuvi evev †kL jyrdi ingvb Igv †kL mv‡niv LvZz‡bi cvkvcvwk †Rvov Kei| e½eÜzi Ke‡ii Ic‡i†Kv‡bv Qv` †bB, AvKvkB Qv` n‡q †Q‡q Av‡Q AvKv‡kiB g‡Zv wekvjAv‡iK Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K| wgjv` Pj‡Q, †jvK Avm‡Q, weivg †bB| Avgiv cÖvqev‡ivUv ch©šÍ _vK‡Z _vK‡ZB `yB `dv wgjv` n‡jv| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †kL

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wK Av‡Q? Kx Av‡Q Gi g‡a¨?Avgv‡ì GKRb K_vUv wR‡Ám Ki‡j agK gv‡i wgwjUvwi: Zv

w`‡q †Zvgv‡ì KvR Kx? hv ejwQ ZvB K‡iv|wgwjUvwii ag‡K †mB Kv‡Vi ev· Kuv‡a K‡i wb‡q G‡jv Avãyj

nvB, bwRi †gvjøv, iRe †kL I †ZvZv wgqv| Avgiv ZLbI eywS bvB GBev‡·B Av‡Q Avgv‡ì gywR‡ei jvk| wgwjUvwiiv evwo‡Z ev· bvgv‡bvim‡½ m‡½ e‡j: GÿzwY MZ© K‡i cyu‡Z †d‡jv|

Gi g‡a¨ P‡j G‡m‡Qb gmwR‡ì Bgvg mv‡ne| wZwb wR‡ÁmKi‡jb: wK Av‡Q Gi g‡a¨?

GK wgwjUvwi agK gv‡i: Avcbvi A‡Zv Rvbvi ìKvi †bB| hvejv n‡”Q ZvB K‡ib|

Bgvg mv‡n‡ei GK K_v: Av‡M e‡jb, Zvic‡i|Gig‡a¨ †dv‡bi g‡Zv hš¿ w`‡q †Kv_vq †hb K_v e‡j wgwjUvwi,

Zvici evievi e‡j, ZvovZvwo K‡iv| wKš‘ Bgvg mv‡n‡ei GKK K_vÑe‡jb, GUv Kvi jvk?

†kL gywR‡ei|wgwjUvwi eva¨ n‡q ¯^xKvi Kivi ci Bgvg mv‡ne Avevi e‡jb: GUv

†Zv gymjgv‡bi jvk, bv wK?nu¨v|RvbvRv Qvov gymjgv‡bi jvk `vdb nq wK K‡i?bv, bv, RvbvRv UvbvRv Pj‡e bv| Ggwb `vdb Ki‡Z n‡e|jv‡ki wK †Mvmj n‡q‡Q?gyL PvIqv PvIwq K‡i wgwjUvwiiv| Bgvg mv‡ne ZLb e‡jb:

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ZLb wgwjUvwi Avevi †dv‡bi g‡Zv h‡š¿ K_v e‡j †k‡l ivwR nqKv‡Vi ev· Ly‡j gyywR‡ei jvk †Mvmj Kiv‡Z, RvbvRv cov‡Z| Gi Av‡MwgwjUvwi Avgv‡ì e‡jwQ‡jv `kwU Kei Lyuo‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ IB †dv‡bXvKv †_‡K ûKzg G‡jv, bv `kwU bq, GKwUB Kei Lyuo‡Z n‡e|

e½eÜzi jvk †Mvmj Kwi‡qwQ‡jb Avãyj gvbœvb QvovI BgvbDwÏbMvRx, gvZei b~iæj nK I †KivgZ nvRx| Avwg Avãyj gvbœvb‡K wR‡Ám

K‡iwQjvg: e½eÜzi kix‡i †Kv_vq- †Kv_vq ¸wj †j‡MwQ‡jv| cÖkœwUKivi m‡½ m‡½ QUdU K‡i DV‡jb Ave`yj gvbœvb|

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Ave`yj gvbœv‡bi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQjvg : †Mvmj, RvbvRv I`vd‡bi K_v ejyb| Avwg †h cÖkœB Kwi, Kwi Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K †P‡q, Avwgco‡Z †Póv Kwi Zvi gy‡Li Qwe, gyL †_‡KB Abyfe Ki‡Z †Póv Kwi Zuvig‡bi Kó| ej‡Qb Ave`yj gvbœvb, nvq †i, †`‡ki ivRv, †h bv n‡j †`k¯^vaxb n‡Zv bv, Zv‡K †Mvmj Kiv‡bv n‡jv GKUv 570 Kvco KvPvmvevb w`‡q| †Kv‡bv Mig cvwb bvB, †Mvmj Kiv‡bv n‡jv cyKz‡ii cvwbw`‡q|

wR‡Ám Kwi,Kvd‡bi Kvco †c‡qwQ‡jb?Avevi K‡ói k¦vm c‡o Ave`yj gvbœv‡bi:wK †h Kb, ZLb †Kv_vq Kvd‡bi Kvco? gywR‡ei gvi bv‡g †h

nvmcvZvj, †mB nvmcvZv‡j gywReB wKQz cvoIqvjv bZzb mv`v kvwow`‡qwQ‡jv| Zvi †_‡K wZbwU kvwo G‡b cvo wQu‡o Kvd‡bi Kvcoevbv‡bv nq| AvovBUv kvwo †j‡MwQ‡jv|

Rvb‡Z PvB,Kwdb †Lvjvi ci e½eÜz‡K wK Ae¯’vq †`L‡jb?†`Ljvg weQvbvq Pvì w`‡q jvk Rov‡bv| ci‡b jyw½, Mv‡q †MwÄ,

cvÄvwe, c‡K‡U iægvj, cvBc, Zvgv‡Ki †KvUv| GKUv †Zvqv‡jI wQ‡jvev‡·| mewKQz i‡³ Kv‡jv n‡q †M‡Q|

e½eÜzi RvbvRvq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb 20 †_‡K 25 Rb †jvK| fveyb,†`kevmx fveyb, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ, evOvwji Awemsevw`Z †bZviRvbvRvq gvÎ 20 †_‡K 25 Rb †jvK| Avwg Avãyj gvbœvb‡K wR‡Ám bvKi‡jI Abygvb Kwi wgwjUvwiiv RvbvRvq Ask †bqwb, KviY Zviv A¯¿ZvK K‡i AmsL¨ MÖvgevmx‡K Zvov‡Z e¨¯Í| Zv‡ì g‡b wK fq wQ‡jv?Ave`yj gvbœv‡bi K_v‡ZB †Zv †evSv †Mj Zv‡ì e¨¯ÍZv, Zv‡ì fq-fqfve; XvKv †_‡K Aqvi‡j‡m ZvovZvwo mv‡iv, ZvovZvwo K‡iv wb‡`©k|A¯¿ wbw®Œq †i‡L Zviv RvbvRvq Ask †b‡e| g‡b nq bv|

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GB KweZvwU‡Z ivR‰bwZK ¯vaxbZv, Aeva mvs¯‹…wZK weKvk Gesme©‡kªwYi gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK gyw³i K_v wPÎK‡íi mgvnv‡i Dc ’vwcZ

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Avgv‡ì yf©vM¨Ñ cuPvËi †_‡K Õ96 mvj ch©šÍ e½eÜzi Lywb I g```vZv‡ìBkvivq Ôe½eÜzÕ kãwU wbwl× _vK‡jI Õ96 mv‡ji c‡i Zuv‡K wb‡q nvRvi nvRvieB †jLv n‡q‡Q| cÖPvi gva¨‡g m‡MŠi‡e wZwb AwawôZ| wKš‘ Zuvi RywjI-KzwikvwšÍ c`KwU jv‡fi welqwU †Zgb ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i Dc ’vcbv nqwb| ÔRywjI-Kzwie½eÜz msm`Õ XvKvq cªwZwôZ n‡jI cÖwZôvbwUi Kg©KvÐ cÖPviYvi Afv‡e mvaviYgvby‡li Kv‡Q ARvbv †_‡K †M‡Q| Zviv Rv‡bb bv RywjI-Kzwi †K? wek¦kvwšÍcwil` †Kb MVb Kiv n‡qwQj? †Kb GB c`KwU e½eÜz‡K †`qv n‡qwQj|c`KcÖvwßi ci e½eÜz Kx e‡jwQ‡jb?

Kzwi cwievi †MvUv we‡k¦ mycwiwPZ| weÁv‡b bvbv wel‡q Ges Avwe®‹v‡i GBcwievi AvUevi †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q| g¨vwiKzwi G‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g| GQvovwc‡q‡i Kzwi, AvBwib Kzwi I †d«WvwiK RywjI-Kzwi Ab¨Zg| 1948 mv‡j†cvj¨v‡Û AbywôZ wek¦ eyw×Rxex mgv‡e‡ki wm×všÍ Abyhvqx 1949 mv‡j wek¦kvwšÍcwil` MV‡bi cÖ_g mfv nq c¨vwi‡m| wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡ì R‡b¥i w`b †_‡KBcwil‡ì cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZi †MŠieRbK c` AjsK…Z K‡ib †bv‡ej cvIqvweÁvbx †d«WvwiK RywjI-Kzwi| g~jZ wZwb wQ‡jb cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³i weiæ‡×†mv”Pvi KÉ Ges gvbeZvev‡ì c‡ÿ Zuvi cªwZfvi mgšq N‡U weÁv‡bi mrmvabv, msMÖvg I gvbeZvev‡`| 1957 mv‡j wZwb gviv hvb| Zuvi bv‡gB wek¦kvwšÍcwil` 1959 mvj †_‡K RywjI-Kzwi kvwšÍc`K cÖe©Zb K‡i| kvwšÍ cwil‡ìm`m¨ ivóª msL¨v 140| we‡k¦i Zver kvwšÍKvgx †bZv GB cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb|Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ wd‡`j K¨v‡ ¿v, Av‡j‡›`, wMwbi K¨v‡ej, †ejwRqv‡gi Kv‡bvb †Mvi,†PKweÁvbx Aa¨vcK jyKvm, Rvgvj bv‡mi, fvi‡Zi cwÐZ †bniæ I evsjv‡`‡kie½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, †nv wP wgb, Bqvwmi AvivdvZ, cve‡jv †biæ`v,g¨v‡Ûjv, Bw›ìv MvÜx, gvwU©b jy_vi wKs, wjI‡b` †eªR‡bf Ab¨Zg|

e½eÜzi c`KcÖvwßi Abyôvb XvKv‡ZB AbywôZ nq| wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡ìD‡`¨v‡M evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì DËi cøvRvi meyR PZ¡‡i †mw`b Dcw ’Z nbwe‡k¦i kvwšÍKvgx gvby‡li cÖwZwbwa I K~UbxwZK| c`K cwi‡q †`qvi mgqZrKvjxb gnvmwPe i‡gkP› ª e‡jb: †kL gywRe ïay e½eÜz bb, AvR †_‡K wZwbwek¦eÜzI e‡U| Avi Avgv‡ì wcÖq gvbyl e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb e‡jbÑ jv‡Lvknx‡ì i‡³ wm³ ¯vaxb evsjvi cweÎ gvwU‡Z cÖ_g Gkxq kvwšÍ m‡¤§j‡b†hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ Avn~Z kvwšÍ †mbvbx‡ì RvbvB ¯vMZg| Dcwb‡ekev`x kvmb Avi

†kvl‡Yi bMœ nvgjv‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i 30 jÿ knx‡ì cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q AvgivwQwb‡q G‡bwQ Avgv‡ì RvZxq ¯vaxbZv, ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q kvwšÍAvi ¯vaxbZv GKvKvi n‡q wg‡k †M‡Q| Avgiv g‡g© g‡g© Abyaveb Kwi, wek¦kvwšÍZ_v AvÂwjK kvwšÍi Acwinvh©Zv|

GB cUf~wg‡Z AvcbvivÑ wek¦kvwšÍ Av‡›`vj‡bi mnKg©x cÖwZwbwaiv Avgv‡KÔRywjI-KzwiÕ kvwšÍ c`‡K f~wlZ K‡i‡Qb| GB m¤§vb †Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li Rb¨bq| G m¤§vb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AvZ¥`vbKvix knx`‡ì, ¯vaxbZvmsMÖv‡gi exi †mbvbx‡ì ÔRywjI-KzwiÕ kvwšÍ c`K mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZi| GUvAvgvi †`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li| evsjv‡`‡ki Pig ytmg‡q wek¦kvwšÍcwil` †hgb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, G‡`‡ki gvbylI wVKGKBfv‡e wek¦kvwšÍ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mngwg©Zv Rvwb‡q G‡m‡Qb|

Avwg wb‡R 1952 mv‡j wcwKs‡q AbywôZ cÖ_g Gkxq I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMiAÂjxq kvwšÍ m‡¤§j‡bi GKRb cÖwZwbwa wQjvg| wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡ì 1956mv‡ji ÷K‡nvg m‡¤§j‡bI Avwg †hvM w`‡qwQjvg| GKB mv‡_ GUvI Avwgmyy úófv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB, wek¦kvwšÍ Avgvi Rxebv`k©‡bi g~jbxwZ| wbcxwoZ-wbh©vwZZ, †kvwlZ, kvwšÍ I ¯vaxbZvKvgx msMÖvgx gvbyl, †h‡Kv‡bv ’v‡bB †nvK bv†Kb, Zuv‡ì mv‡_ Avwg i‡qwQ|

Avgiv PvB we‡k¦i me©Î kvwšÍ eRvq _vKzK, Zv‡K mymsnZ Kiv †nvK| e„nrkw³, we‡klfv‡e AvMÖvmx bxwZi Abymvix KwZcq gnvkw³i A ¿m¾v Z_v A ¿cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi d‡j AvR GK msKURbK Ae ’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avgiv PvB, A ¿cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq e¨wqZ A_© ywbqvi ytLx gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Kiv †nvK|Zvn‡j c„w_ex †_‡K `vwi‡ ª i Awfkvc gy‡Q †djvi KvR A‡bK mnRmva¨ n‡e|

Avgiv me©cÖKv‡ii A ¿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cwie‡Z© ywbqvi mKj †kvwlZ IwbcxwoZ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wek¦vmx e‡jB we‡k¦i me †`k I RvwZi eÜzZ¡ KvgbvKwi| ÔmK‡ji mv‡_ eÜzZ¡, Kv‡iv cÖwZ we‡Øl bq,Õ kvwšÍc~Y© mn-Ae ’v‡bi GBbxwZ‡Z Avgiv Av ’vkxj| ZvB mvgwiK †RvU¸‡jvi evB‡i †_‡K mwµq wbi‡cÿciivóªbxwZ Avgiv AbymiY K‡i P‡jwQ| ïay miKv‡ii bxwZB bq, AvšÍR©vwZKkvwšÍ I msnwZ my „p Kiv Avgv‡ì msweav‡bi Ab¨Zg Abykvmb| Avcbviv wbðqBAeMZ Av‡Qb †h, Avgv‡ì msweavb RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ Iag©wbi‡cÿZvÑGB PviwU Í‡¤¢i IciB iwPZ| GB Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB AvgivGKwU †kvlYgy³ mgvReë ’v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z PvB|

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wKš‘ yt†Li welq, cvwK Ívb evievi Dcgnv‡`‡ki bZzb ev ÍeZv‡K †g‡bwb‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i G‡m‡Q| ’vqx kvwšÍ I gvbeKj¨v‡Y Avgv‡ì D‡`¨v‡Mime©‡kl cÖgvY 17 GwcÖ‡j fviZ-evsjv‡`k hy³ †NvlYv| GB †NvlYvq ’vqx kvwšÍcÖwZôvi m~Î Lyu‡R †ei Kivi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ gvbweK mgm¨vmgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖ Ív‡e mvov †`qvi cwie‡Z© cvwK ÍvbcÖwZwnsmvg~jK eë ’v MªnY K‡i †eAvBwbfv‡e wbiciva evOvwj‡ì ew›`wbev‡mAeiæ× K‡i †i‡L‡Q|

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BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbvq Rvbv hvq, fvi‡Z wn›`y RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvcÖmvi jvf K‡i, cuvP `k‡K Ks‡MÖ‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i mwµq wKQz wn›`y †bZ…Z¡¸‡Y| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb `v`vfvB bI‡ivRx, wd‡ivR kvn †gnZv,my‡i›`ªbv_ e¨vbvwR©, eìæÏxb A‡qiRx, †MvcvjK…ò †MvL‡j, g`b †gvnbgvje¨, Avb›` †gvnb emy cÖgyL|

1917 mv‡j Avwd«Kv †_‡K †gvnb `vm KigPuv` MvÜx fvi‡Z G‡mKs‡MÖ‡m †hvM †`b| wZwb G‡m 1920 mv‡j Ks‡MÖ‡m Bs‡iR we‡ivaxAmn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| wPËiÄb `vk MvÜxi mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv†NvlYv K‡ib|

Gw`‡K wRbœvn Ks‡MÖm Z¨vM K‡ib| m~wPZ nq †LjvdZ Av‡›`vjb|†LjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb hyMcr Pj‡Z _v‡K| G Av‡›`vjb wQj

Awef³ fvi‡Zi cÖ_g I †kl wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì GKwÎZBs‡iRwe‡ivax msMÖvg|

1937 mv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe©vPb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| Gwbe©vP‡bi djvdj fviZxq ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡K RwUjZi K‡i†Zv‡j| G wbe©vP‡b 808wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ Ks‡MÖm 711wU Avmb cvq|Z‡e gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ msiwÿZ 482wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ Ks‡MÖm gvÎ 26wUAvmb jvf K‡i| G wbe©vP‡bi djvdj‡K †K›`ª K‡i gymwjg jxM me©ÎBgwš¿mfvq wbR AšÍfy©w³i `vwe Rvbvq| ZrKvjxb Ks‡MÖm mfvcwZRInijvj †bniæ gymwjg jx‡Mi G `vwe mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡j wRbœvnZv‡Z cÖPÐ cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb Zvi c~e©Zb wn›`y-gymjgvbH‡Kï wecix‡Z wØ-RvwZ Z‡Ë¡i c‡ÿ †Rviv‡jv Ae¯’vb †bb|fviZe‡l©i Af¨šÍixY RvZxq ivRbxwZi avivq cÖavb `yÕwU ag© m¤úª`vq-wn›`y-gymwj‡gi g‡a¨ mvgwqKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ HK¨ I m¤úªxwZi cwi‡ekµgk webó n‡Z _v‡K|

Gev‡i Avwm 1940 mv‡ji HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖm‡½|wek kZ‡Ki Pwjø‡ki `k‡K ZiæY †kL gywR‡ei ‰kke AwZµvšÍ |

wZwb ZLb †MvcvjMÄ wgkb nvB ¯‹z‡ji beg †kÖwYi QvÎ| mgMÖ fviZe‡l©we‡kl K‡i evsjvq weªwUkwe‡ivax ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ZLb P~ovšÍ ch©v‡qDcbxZ| wek¦ cwim‡i ZLb Pj‡Q AvaywbK weaŸsmx gviYv¯¿ mw¾Z `yÕwUwkwe‡i wef³, `yÕwU wek¦ kw³i g‡a¨ Avwac‡Zï jovB| we‡k¦i ïfKvgx

gvby‡li g‡b m„wó nq bvbv Avk¼v I DrKÚv| Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Zbvbv Uvbv‡cv‡ob Avi ¯^v‡_©i msNvZ; G mgq fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZKBwZnv‡mi g~j avivq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv n‡jv 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve|

1940-Gi G cÖ¯Ív‡e GKvwaK mve©‡fŠg gymwjg ivóª cÖwZôvi K_vejv nq| ZvB weÁ gnj‡K ej‡Z †kvbv hvq| Òjv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡eBevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ wQj|Ó

23†k gvP© ZrKvjxb cvÄve cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx jv‡nv‡i AbywôZwbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi evwl©K m‡¤§j‡b HwZnvwmK cÖ¯ÍvewU m„wó nq|gymwjg jx‡Mi G Awa‡ek‡b mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib ZrKvjxb †K›`ªxq gymwjgjx‡Mi mfvcwZ †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn| GB Awa‡ek‡b cÖ¯ÍvewU (jv‡nvicÖ¯Íve) DÌvcb K‡ib evsjvi cÖvYwcÖq †bZv †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nKGes cÖ¯ÍvewU mg_©b K‡ib hy³ cÖ‡`‡ki †PŠayix Lv‡jKz¾vgvb| cÖ¯ÍvewUme©m¤§wZµ‡g M„nxZ nq| cÖ¯ÍvewU wb¤œiƒc:

“Resolved that it is the considered view of this session ofthe All-India Muslim League that no constitutional plan wouldbe workable in this country of acceptable to muslim unless it isdesigned on the following basic principles, viz, that geograph-ically contigaous units are demarcated into regions whichshould be grouped to constitute “Independent states” in whichconstituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.”

jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍveB cvwK¯Ívb cÖ¯Íve bv‡g L¨vZ| D³ Awa‡ek‡b Av‡iv`vwe Kiv nq †h, 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡b †dWv‡ik‡bi †hcwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq Ges fviZ kvmb AvBbcybtwe‡ewPZ bv n‡j fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì m¤§wZ Qvov cÖYxZ Aci†Kv‡bv cwiKíbv gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|

†k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki cÖ¯ÍvewU‡Z GKvwaK mve©‡fŠggymwjg iv‡óªi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq| fvi‡Zi c~e©vÂ‡j evsjv I Avmvgwb‡q GKwU Ges cwðgvÂ‡j cvÄve, wmÜz, †ejywP¯Ívb I DËi-cwðgmxgvšÍ cÖ‡`kmg~n wb‡q AciwU (†hme AÂ‡j gymwjgiv msL¨vMwiô)|†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x evsjvi cÖwZwbwa `‡ji Ab¨Zg †bZv wn‡m‡eD³ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjvi cÖwZwbwae„›` Zv‡ì e³‡e¨1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡b Ks‡MÖm mgw_©Z †dWv‡ikb MV‡bi †haviYvwU AšÍf©y³ n‡qwQj Zvi wec‡ÿ Zuv‡ì gZ e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘,cieZx©‡Z 1946 mv‡j jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei g~j wm×všÍ cwieZ©b Kiv nq|

1946 mv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK AvBbmfvi wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM kZKiv97wU Avmb jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi ciciB 1946 mv‡ji 7B GwcÖjw`jøx‡Z cÖv‡`wkK I †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡ì wbe©vwPZ gymwjg m`më„‡›ìGK Kb‡fbkb Avnevb K‡ib| D‡Ïk¨, Ks‡MÖ‡mi P¨v‡j‡Äi weiæ‡×AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb †K›`ªxq gwš¿mfvq c~Y© gymwjg †KvUv g‡bvbq‡b gymwjgjx‡Mi AwaKvi cÖwZôv| me©‡gvU 480 Rb AvBb cwil` m`‡mï g‡a¨

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cÖvPxb hyM ev ga¨ hyM evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì m~PbvKvj e‡jwPwýZ| cÖvPxb evOjv bvbv Rbc‡` wef³ wQj| Zv m‡Ë¡I AvgivÔnvRvi eQ‡ii evsjv I evOvwjÕ K_vUv D”PviY Kwi Ges G wb‡q†MŠie †eva Kwi| hyM hyM a‡i Gme Rbc‡ì g‡a¨ fvlv Ims¯‹…wZMZ GKUv HK¨m~Î wQj| †mB HK¨‡eva Av‡Rv Avgivjvjb K‡i AvmwQ Avgv‡ì ˆPZ‡bï Mfx‡i

450 Rb D³ Kb‡fbk‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| wRbœvni mfvcwZ‡Z¡1946-Gi 10 GwcÖj AbywôZ gymwjg cwil` m`m¨‡ì G Kb‡fbkbhwÌ Avnevb Kiv n‡qwQj AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb †K›`ªxq miKvi gymwjg †KvUvwba©vi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨; wKš‘ Zvi cwie‡Z© Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡q ùvovq 1940mv‡j M„nxZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei g~j wm×všÍ cwieZ©b|

1940-Gi cÖ¯Ív‡e GKvwaK mve©‡fŠg gymwjg ivóª cÖwZôvi `vwe Kivn‡qwQj| wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi ZrKvjxb mvaviY m¤úv`KbIqveRv`v wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb, wRbœvni eivZ w`‡q Ô†÷UmÕ (States)k‡ãi cwie‡Z© Ô†÷UÕ (State) kã ewm‡q †`b| wcÖw›Us wgm‡UK e‡jhyw³ ùvo Kivb| `yf©vMëkZ 1940 mv‡j Awef³ evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x†k‡i evsjv G, †K dRjyj nK KZ©„K DÌvwcZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve 1946 mv‡jms‡kvab Kiv‡bv nq Awef³ evsjvi †kl cÖavbgš¿x †nv‡mb knx`†mvnivIqv`©x‡K w`‡q| jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei ÔGKvwaK gymwjg ivóªÕ Ôw`jøxKb‡fbk‡bÕ ÔGK gymwjg ivóªÕ cwiYZ nq|

GB cwieZ©b Kvh©µg NUvi mgq Kb‡fbk‡b Dcw¯’Z evsjvigymwjg cwil` m`më„‡›ì D”PKÚ cÖwZev`‡K m¤ú~Y© D‡cÿv Kiv nq|G‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb Avmvg cÖv‡`wkK AvIqvgx gymwjg jxMmfvcwZ Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Ges e½xq cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡MiZrKvjxb mvaviY m¤úv`K Aveyj nvwkgÑ Zuviv cÖwZev`x K‡Ú cÖkœ†Zv‡jb, c~Y©v½ gymwjg cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡ M„nxZ †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ cwieZ©‡biÿgZv †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ cwil‡ì m`m¨‡ì Kb‡fbkb iv‡L wK bv? wKš‘wRbœvn mg¯Í cÖwZev`‡K D‡cÿv K‡i GK cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ †ec‡ivqv n‡qD‡VwQ‡jb| wZwb c‡bikÕ gvB‡ji eëavb Ges gvbwP‡Îi AmsjMœZv,fvlv ms¯‹…wZMZ cv_©K¨ I RxebhvÎvi †gŠwjK eëavb BZ¨vw`m¤ú~Y©fv‡e D‡cÿv K‡i GKgvÎ eÜbm~Î ag©‡K m¤^j K‡i GK K…wÎgiv‡óªi cwiKíbv †bb|

cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb‡K wN‡i †kL gywRe evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœB†`‡LwQ‡jb Ges cieZ©xKv‡j ZvB wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ò1947 mv‡ji c~‡e©Avgiv hviv ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g †hvM`vb K‡iwQjvg ZLb Avgv‡ì ¯^cœ wQjAvgiv ¯^vaxb n‡ev|Ó

1946-Gi 29†k RyjvB AbywôZ Awa‡ek‡b †Kwe‡bU wgkb cÖ¯ÍveAb~‡gv`b K‡i Ges GKB m‡½ ÔcÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wèmÕ cvj‡bi wm×všÍ†bqv nq| D³ wm×v‡šÍ Avnevb Kiv nq †h, fvi‡Zi gymwjg RvwZHKë× n‡q Zuv‡ì GKgvÎ msMVb gymwjg jx‡Mi cZvKvZ‡j msNe×Ges †h †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡i cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡eb|

G wèmwU wb‡q `yB ai‡bi e³‡eï D‡`ªK nq| 1946 mv‡ji 1jvAvM÷ KjKvZvq GK QvÎmgv‡e‡k e½xq gymwjg jxM mvaviY m¤úv`KAveyj nvwkg my¯úófv‡e †NvlYv †`b Ôjx‡Mi cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvgÕ †Kv‡bvivR‰bwZK `j ev †Kv‡bv m¤úª`v‡qi weiæ‡× bq|

cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e, †m mgq cvwK¯Ívb wQj mg‡qi `vwe| †mvnivIqv`©x,Aveyj nvwkg, †kL gywRe wRbœvni wØRvwZ-ZË¡‡K ALÐ cvwK¯Ív‡biAv`wk©K wfwË wn‡m‡e bq, fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì weªwUkwe‡ivax HKë×Av‡›`vj‡bi GKwU †KŠkjMZ KvVv‡gvB g‡b Ki‡Zb|

15 AvM÷ 1946 mvj †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvgwèm‡K gymwjg jxM nvB KgvÛ I wn›`y gnvmfv Ôwn›`y we‡ivaxÕmv¤úª`vwqK iƒc w`‡jI Aveyj nvwkg I Zvi Abymvixiv weªwUkwe‡ivaxAv‡›`vjbiƒ‡cB cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wè‡m Ask †bb|

†kL gywRe cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wèm‡K mvdj¨gwÐZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 20wUUªv‡K K‡qKwU gvBKmn †eKvi †nv‡÷j †_‡K UªvK wgwQ‡j †bZ…Z¡ †`b|†kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ wgwQjwU wQj m¤ú~Y©fv‡e weªwUkwe‡ivax|

cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wèm‡K †K›`ª K‡i 16 †_‡K 20†k AvM÷ ch©šÍKjKvZvq GK fqven mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v msNwUZ nq, hv wQj g~jZjxM‡K Gwo‡q wM‡q Ks‡MÖ‡mi AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb miKvi MVb‡K †K›`ª K‡i,`yB m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ we‡Ølfve‡K Dm&‡K †`qv|

cÖK…Zc‡ÿ e½eÜz wQ‡jb cÖMwZkxj ivRbxwZi aviK-evnK| 1947mv‡j jW© gvD›U e¨v‡U‡bi cwiKwíZ KvVv‡gvi ga¨w`‡q †h ¯^vaxbZvcvIqv wM‡qwQj Zv cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv wKbv Zv wb‡q wZwb kw¼Z wQ‡jb|ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡i Zuvi ivR‰bwZK cÖwZfvi ¯^vÿi †g‡j, wKš‘ 1947 mvj†_‡K evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ †_‡KB Zuvi ivR‰bwZK msMÖvg ïiæ|

cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b †mvnivIqv`©x, dRjyj nK, Aveyjnvwkg, gIjvbv fvmvbx mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡jI Zviv wRbœvni mv¤úª`vwqK

gvbwmKZvi mg_©b †`qwb| gywR‡ei Kv‡Q m`¨ weªwUk I Rwg`viAvwac‡Zï ci mv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvq cÖwZwôZ ALÐ cvwK¯Ívb wQj ÔGKkKzwbi nvZ †_‡K Av‡iK kKzwbi nv‡Z cov|Õ

wZwb gymwjg jx‡Mi cwðgv cÖvavb¨ Avi ey‡R©vqv g‡bvfv‡ei weiæ‡×msMÖvg ïiæ K‡ib| 1947 mv‡ji AíKvj ci †_‡K evOvwj gymwjggvb‡m †h cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv Zv wQj mv¤úª`vwqK fveavivi cvwK¯ÍvwbRvZxqZvev‡ì weiæ‡× evOvwj RvZxqZvev`|

1947-Gi AvM‡÷ e½ gymwjg QvÎjxM-Gi †bZv †kL gywReyiingvb XvKvq Av‡mb| wZwb I Zuvi mggbv kvgmyj nK, ZvRywÏbAvng`, kvgmywÏb Avnv¤§`, †gvnv¤§v` †Zvqvnv, byiæwÏb Avn¤§` cÖgy‡LicÖ‡Póvq 6 I 7 †m‡Þ¤î ÔcvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K ivóª bvgxqÕ msMV‡bicÖwZôv nq| evsjv fvlvi I K…wói Ici m¤¢ve¨ nvgjv cÖwZ‡iva IRbM‡Yi A_©‰bwZK gyw³i msMÖv‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨B GB msMVb M‡o †Zvjvnq|

ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡i gywR‡ei ivR‰bwZK cÖwZfvi ¯^vÿi †g‡j| Z‡e1947 mvj evOvwji mwZ¨Kvi ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ †_‡KB Zvi ivR‰bwZKmsMÖvg ïiæ| gymwjg jx‡Mi ey‡R©vqv g‡bvfve I cwðgv cÖvav‡bï weiæ‡×Zuvi msMÖv‡gi m~ÎcvZ nq| 1947 mv‡ji AíKvj ci †_‡K evOvwjgymwjg gvb‡m †h cwieZ©b avivi m~Pbv n‡jv Zv n‡jv cvwK¯Ívwbmv¤úª`vwqK g‡bvfv‡e RvZxqZvev‡ì wecix‡Z evOvwj RvZxqZvev`|eìæÏxb Dg‡ii eY©bvq, gymjgvb‡ì (evOvwj) GB gvbwmKZv cwieZ©bïiæ nq cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB Ges GB cwieZ©‡bi ewntcÖKvk nqfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡gB cÖ_g ÔevOvwjgymjgvbÕ Ôgymjgvb evOvwj‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv|Ó eìæÏxbG‡K ÔwecøeÕ Ges gymwjg evOvwji ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b bv‡g AwfwnZK‡ib| GB gvbwmK wecøe N‡UwQj 1947-cieZ©x c~e© evsjv A_©vreZ©gvb evsjv‡`k f~L‡Ð emevmKvix gymwjg evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨B| Af~Zc~e©GB †`k‡cÖ‡gi Z_v evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì D™¢e GB f~L‡ÐB N‡UwQj|

fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj GKvšÍfv‡e c~e© evsjvi gvby‡li gvZ…fvlviAv‡›`vjb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k f~L‡ÐiRvZxqZvev‡ì D‡b¥l I DÌvb| GB RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv wb‡qB evOvwjRvwZ mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi w`‡K avweZ nq hvi cwiYwZ AvR‡Ki ¯^vaxb ivóªevsjv‡`k| ms¯‹…wZ wfwËK evOvwjZ¡‡eva, evOvwj HK¨ I †PZbv DØy×K‡i `yB `k‡Ki evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì G DÌvb‡K|

BwZnv‡mi GB evOvwj RvZxqZvev` me©fviZxq RvwZZË¡ IcieZ©xKv‡j wØRvwZ-ZË¡‡K LÐb K‡i|

BwZnv‡mi gnvbvqK Ô†kL gywReyi ingvb fvlvMZ I ms¯‹…wZMZÕGKK mËv wewkó Rb‡Mvwô‡K HKë× Ki‡Z mÿg nb| fvlvAv‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡iB e½eÜz‡K 1947-Õ52 mvj ch©šÍ KviveiYKi‡Z nq| 1948 mv‡ji 11B gvP© e½eÜz D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv KivicÖwZev‡` ag©NU Pvwj‡q hvb| wZwb 1947 mv‡j hye jxM-Gi e¨vbv‡iAmv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv I fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Aven m„wói c`‡ÿc †bb|1952 mv‡j wZwb fvlvi `vwe‡Z Abkb Kivq 15B †deªæqvwi kvmK‡MvwôZuv‡K dwi`cy‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i| G mgq bvivqYMÄ w÷gvi Nv‡Ukvmy‡Ïvnvmn Av‡iv wKQz †bZ…e„‡›ì m‡½ gywR‡ei †`Lv nq| ZvivRvb‡Zb GB c‡_B e½eÜz‡K ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii R‡b¨ †bqv n‡e| †mLv‡b wZwbØ¨_©nxbfv‡e GKz‡ki niZv‡ji †Rvi AvnŸv‡b fvlYI w`‡qwQ‡jb|e½eÜzi †RjLvbvi evB‡i Ae¯’vb gv‡bB wQj cÖwZev` we‡ÿv‡fi So,ZvB †KŠkjx cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv Zv‡K KvivMv‡i AšÍixY ivLZ| wKš‘†RjLvbvq e‡mB wZwb fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mg_©‡b Abkb K‡ib| 21-GiG Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB cwðgv kvmK‡kÖwYi wfZ b‡o I‡V| RbM‡Yi`vwei gy‡L Iiv gywRe‡K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq| †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡q fvlvAv‡›`vjb Z_v fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Z¨vM I †PZbv mgybœZ †i‡L evOvwjiAwaKvi AR©‡b mwµq †bZ…Z¡ †`b wZwb|

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ag©wbi‡cÿ ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv N‡U‡Q 1948-G| AvIqvgxgymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq 1949 mv‡j, GB gymwjg kãwU wb‡q †KD †KDweZK© †Zv‡jb| wKš‘ HwZnvwmK ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L ZLb gymwjg kãUv†hvM Kiv n‡qwQj| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z evOvwjgymjgvbiv GK mgq wbM„nxZ wQj e‡jB Dcgnv‡`‡ki gymwjgRvZxqZvev‡ì Rb¥ nq| Z‡e †m RvZxqZvev` wQj cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZvAR©‡bi c‡_ cv †djv, KviY Dcgnv‡`‡k ZLb Bs‡iR kvmb I wn›`yAvwacZëv` evOvwj gymwjg‡ì wbM„nxZ K‡i| Z‡e Bs‡iR DrLv‡Zij‡ÿ¨ †h mg‡q gymwjg ¯^RvwZ‡eva cÖ_‡g cvwK¯Ívb I c‡i AvwacZëv`we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc †bq, ZLb †_‡KB AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM n‡qI‡V ïaygvÎ AvIqvgx jxM (55 mv‡j)| Gi c‡i AvIqvgx jxM cy‡ivcy-wi ag©wbi‡cÿ GKwU `‡j cwiYZ nq|

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* G‡`‡k K…lK-kªwgK, wn›`y-gymjgvb mevB my‡L _vK‡e, kvwšÍ‡Z_vK‡e| (10 Rvbyqvwi 1972)

* GB ¯^vaxb †`‡k gvbyl hLb †cUf‡i †L‡Z cv‡e, cv‡e gh©v`vc~Y©Rxeb, ZLbB ïay jv‡Lv knx‡ì AvZ¥v Z…wß cv‡e| (16 Rvbyqvwi1972)

* mvZ †KvwU evOvwji fv‡jvevmvi Kv½vj Avwg| Avwg me nviv‡Zcvwi, wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li fv‡jvevmv nviv‡Z cvie bv| (21Rvbyqvwi 1972)

* evOvwj RvZxqZvev` bv _vK‡j Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wecbœn‡e| (9 †g 1972)

* †`k †_‡K me©cÖKvi Ab¨vq-AwePvi I †kvlY D‡”Q` Kivi Rb¨ìKvi n‡j Avwg Avgvi Rxeb DrmM© Kie| (16 wW‡m¤î 1973)

* ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôv‡bi PviwU wRwbm, Zv n‡”Q †bZ…Z¡, g¨vwb‡d‡÷vev Av`k©, wbt¯^v_© Kg©x Ges msMVb|

* wek¦ `yB wkwe‡i wef³Ñ †kvlK Avi †kvwlZ| Avwg †kvwl‡Zic‡ÿ| (18 Rvbyqvwi 1974, †RvUwbi‡cÿ m‡¤§jb)

* Avwg wek¦vm Kwi, ÿgZv evsjvi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q| RbMY †hw`bej‡e Ôe½eÜz ÿgZv †Q‡o `vIÕ, e½eÜz GKw`bI ivóªcwZ,GKw`bI cÖavbgš¿x _vK‡e bv| e½eÜz ÿgZvi Rb¨ ivRbxwZ K‡ibvB| e½eÜz ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Q †kvlYnxb mgvR Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨| (26gvP© 1975)

* †h gvbyl g„Zzï Rb¨ ˆZwi Zuv‡K †KD nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (†WwfWd«÷‡K †`qv mvÿvrKvi)

* Avgvi wek¦vm wQj †h, gv_v DuPz K‡i hw` g„Zz¨‡K eiY Ki‡Z cvwiZvn‡j Avgvi †`kevmxi j¾vi wKQzB _vK‡e bv| wKš‘ bxwZi cÖ‡kœAvwg hw` AvZ¥mgc©Y Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgvi †`kevmx mvivwe‡k¦ AvigyL †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e bv| RbM‡Yi m¤§vb A¶zYœ †i‡L g„Zz¨‡K eiYK‡i †bIqv †kªq| (†WwfW d«÷‡K †`qv mvÿvrKvi)

* k¥kvb evsjv‡K Avgiv †mvbvi evsjv K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z PvB| †mevsjvq AvMvgxw`‡bi gv‡qiv nvm‡e, wkïiv †Lj‡e| Avgiv†kvlYgy³ mgvR M‡o Zzje| (e½eÜzi 26 gvP© 1972-Gi †eZviI †Uwjwfkb fvlY †_‡K)

* wfÿzK RvwZi †bZ…Z¡ Ki‡Z Avwg PvB bv| Avwg PvB Avgvi †`k¯^qsm¤ú~Y© †nvK Ges †mBRb¨ K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡Z n‡e| k„•LjvAvb‡Z n‡e Ges k„•Ljv †`‡ki g‡a¨ Avb‡Z n‡e| (RvZxq msm`,25 Rvbyqvwi 1975)

* evsjvi gvby‡li fv‡jvevmvi cÖwZ`v‡b Avgvi †èvi wKQz bvB|GKgvÎ cÖvY w`‡Z cvwi| Avi Zv †`qvi Rb¨ memgq cÖ¯‘Z AvwQ|(msea©bvmfv, †gŠjfxevRvi, 9 †deªæqvwi 1971)

* Avgv‡ì Pvlxiv n‡jv me‡P‡q `ytLx I wbh©vwZZ †kªwY Ges Zv‡ìAe¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì D‡`¨v‡Mi weivU Ask Aek¨B Zv‡ìwcQ‡b wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

* AvR RbmvaviY hyemgv‡Ri KvQ †_‡K mr I wbôvevb †bZ…Z¡ AvkvK‡i| †`‡ki mvwe©K DbœwZi Rb¨ †`kMovi Kv‡R myk„•Lj hyemsMV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| Avwg Avkv Kwi, AvIqvgxhyejxM Kg©xiv wbôv I mZZvi m‡½ †`k †mevq AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡e|(evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx hyejx‡Mi cÖ_g RvZxq Ks‡MÖm 1974 Dcj‡ÿevYx|)

* GKUv eo K_v ewj‡Z PvB, G‡`‡k mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ Aek¨BKv‡qg Kiv nB‡e| eo †jvK‡K Avi eo‡jvK nB‡Z †Ìqv nB‡ebv Ges Mwie‡KI bv LvBqv gwi‡Z †Ìqv nB‡e bv| GB †`k nB‡eMwie kªwgK-K…lK me©nviv †gnbwZ gvby‡li| (†im‡Kv‡m©i wekvjmgv‡e‡k)| m~Î: AvRv`, †mvgevi, 4 Rvbyqvwi 1971|

* R‰bK we‡`wk mvsevw`‡Ki cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e e½eÜz e‡jb, Avwgevgcš’xI bB, wKsev `wÿYcš’xI bB, Avwg Avgvi ¯^‡`kevmxi¯^v‡_©i c‡ÿ|

* RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ K_v ewj‡Z wMqv Avwg †Rj LvwUqvwQ, Ryjyg mn¨KwiqvwQ, lohš¿ gvgjvq Awfhy³ nBqvwQ| wKš‘ QvÎ-kªwgK-K…lK-RbZv ey‡Ki i³ w`‡q Avgv‡K Avevi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wdivBqvAvwbqv‡Q| †`kevmxi †h fv‡jvevmv I Avkxe©v` Avwg cvBqvwQ

Dnvi PvB‡Z eo wKQzB Avgvi cvIqvi bvB| †`kevmxi i‡³i FYAvwg †kva KwieB|

* Bqvwnqv Lvb Avgvi duvwmi ûKzg w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avwg evOvwj, Avwggvbyl, Avwg gymjgvb| evOvwjiv GKeviB gi‡Z Rv‡b| ZvB AvwgwVK K‡iwQjvg| Avwg Zv‡ì Kv‡Q bwZ ¯^xKvi Kie bv| duvwmig‡Â hvevi mgq Avwg eje, Avwg evOvwj, evsjv Avgvi †`k, evsjvAvgvi fvlv| †Zvgiv gvi‡j ÿwZ bvB| wKš‘ Avgvi jvk evsjvigvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q wÌ|

* miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì RbM‡Yi mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z n‡e| Zuviv RbM‡YiLv‡`g, †meK, fvB| Zuviv RbM‡Yi evc, RbM‡Yi †Q‡j, RbM‡YimšÍvb| Zuv‡ì GB g‡bvfve wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| (Ryb 1975)

* G cÖavbgwš¿Z¡ Avgvi Kv‡Q KuvUv e‡j g‡b nq| Avwg hw` evsjvigvby‡li gy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡Z bv cvwi, Avwg hw` †`wL evsjvi gvbyl`ytLx, Avi hw` †`wL evsjvi gvbyl †cU f‡i Lvq bvB, Zvn‡j AvwgkvwšÍ‡Z gi‡Z cvi‡ev bv|

* gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡j gvbylI fv‡jvev‡m| hw` mvgvb¨ Z¨vM ¯^xKviK‡ib, Z‡e RbmvaviY Avcbvi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡ZI cv‡i|

* Avgvi †`k ¯^vaxb †`k| fviZ †nvK, Av‡gwiKv †nvK, ivwkqv†nvK, †MÖU weª‡Ub †nvK, Kv‡iv Ggb kw³ bvB †h, Avwg hZÿY†eu‡P AvwQ, ZZÿY Avgvi †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡ÿcKi‡Z cv‡i| (gvP© 1973)

Z_¨m~Î1. †kL gywReyi ingvb:GB †`k GB gvwU, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 2008, c„.

104, 118, 155, 1642. †kL gywReyi ingvb: Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm

wjwg‡UW, 2012, c„. 33. AvwZDi ingvb, e½eÜz mnR cvV, c„. 424. dwi`v Bqvmgxb, BwZnv‡mi Avqbvq e½eÜz5. ivnvZ wgbnvR, mvqgb wWªs I Ab¨v‡bï GKvËi; kªveY cÖKvkbx,

2017|MÖš’bv: byiæbœvnvi byiæ, cÖwZ‡e`K, wcAvBwe

MYgva¨g msMVK‡ì Rb¨ wcAvBweÕi cÖKvkbv

†hvMv‡hvM


3 mvwK©U nvDm †ivW, XvKv

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